WO2023226794A1 - 一种壳状牙科器械及牙齿矫治系统 - Google Patents

一种壳状牙科器械及牙齿矫治系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023226794A1
WO2023226794A1 PCT/CN2023/093945 CN2023093945W WO2023226794A1 WO 2023226794 A1 WO2023226794 A1 WO 2023226794A1 CN 2023093945 W CN2023093945 W CN 2023093945W WO 2023226794 A1 WO2023226794 A1 WO 2023226794A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shell
guide part
shaped dental
dental instrument
guide
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PCT/CN2023/093945
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王星星
万一
吴姗姗
张超群
姚峻峰
Original Assignee
正雅齿科科技(上海)有限公司
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202221363764.3U external-priority patent/CN217938416U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202210576041.XA external-priority patent/CN117137652A/zh
Application filed by 正雅齿科科技(上海)有限公司 filed Critical 正雅齿科科技(上海)有限公司
Publication of WO2023226794A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023226794A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A61C7/08—Mouthpiece-type retainers or positioners, e.g. for both the lower and upper arch

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of dental correction, and in particular to a shell-shaped dental instrument and a dental correction system.
  • Protruding malocclusion is a common dentofacial problem in the Oriental population.
  • a large proportion of protruding malocclusions manifest as mandibular recession, especially in children due to mouth breathing problems.
  • mandibular adjustment is required. position to guide the sagittal forward adjustment of the mandible.
  • Currently commonly used orthodontic devices include maxillary slope guides, Twin-Block (TB) appliances, etc.
  • TB appliances blocks need to be placed in the first molar area of the maxillary bilateral premolars and the mandibular premolar area.
  • TB cannot be used for adolescent patients in the dental replacement period.
  • TB cannot be used.
  • Obtain good retention that overcomes retention problems caused by frequent tooth replacement during the dental replacement period and improves retention.
  • a maxillary slope guide plate is also used as a movable appliance to correct the mandibular retrusion symptoms that often occur in adolescents in clinical practice.
  • Removable appliances are usually composed of bases, clasps, etc. They are larger in size and have strong foreign body properties in the patient's mouth. They are less aesthetically pleasing and less comfortable.
  • the technical problem solved by this application is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a shell-shaped dental instrument and a tooth correction system.
  • a shell-shaped dental instrument worn on the maxillary dentition, includes a shell-shaped body, the shell-shaped body is provided with a plurality of tooth storage cavities, and the shell-shaped body is provided with an adjustment device in the palate area to adjust the relative position of the upper and lower jaws.
  • the adjustment part includes a first guide part and a support part used to support the first guide part, the first guide part spans the upper palate corresponding to the anterior teeth region and is connected with at least two locations of the anterior teeth region.
  • the lingual free end of the tooth receiving cavity is connected, and the first guide part is inclined to the mandibular plane so that some of the front teeth of the mandible slide along the first guide part and drive the mandible forward to the target correction position;
  • the support part is connected to the first guide part, and is formed by the gingival ends of a plurality of the tooth receiving cavities in the posterior tooth area extending toward the palate side. When worn, the support part is partially supported on the upper palate. superior.
  • a dental orthodontic system including a plurality of shell-shaped dental instruments, at least one of the plurality of shell-shaped dental instruments is a shell-shaped dental instrument as described in any one of the above, and the plurality of shell-shaped dental instruments
  • the dental instrument has a geometry that adjusts the mandible from a first position to a second position while gradually repositioning the teeth from an initial position to a target position.
  • This application provides a shell-shaped dental instrument, which is provided with a first guide part in the palate area to adjust the movement of the mandible in the sagittal direction, and a support part connected to the first guide part in the palate area.
  • the first guide part can guide the mandible to move forward during the bite process.
  • the reaction force generated when the mandible is moved is acted on by the first guide part and the support part provided in the palate area.
  • the patient's palate can thus reduce the negative impact on the maxillary anterior teeth during mandibular correction and improve the correction effect.
  • the second guide part provided between the tooth receiving cavity and the first guide part cooperates with each other, which can not only solve the problem of mandibular retraction, but also further open the bite to solve the problem of deep overbite and deep overjet. , thereby realizing the correction of protruding malocclusion in adolescence.
  • this application also provides a dental orthodontic system with multiple shell-shaped dental instruments.
  • at least two continuously used shell-shaped dental instruments have a first guide part and a second guide part.
  • the instrument can set multiple target positions between the initial position of the correction and the end position of the correction, thereby improving the comfort of the correction process and avoiding the problem of posterior teeth opening when opening the bite.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a shell-shaped dental instrument provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the front view of the shell-shaped dental instrument in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 2A-A’
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a shell-shaped dental instrument provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a B-B' cross-sectional view of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is another cross-sectional view along B-B' of Figure 4.
  • Figure 7 is another cross-sectional view of B-B' in Figure 4.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a shell-shaped dental instrument provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a shell-shaped dental instrument provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is another cross-sectional view of P-P' in Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a shell-shaped dental instrument provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a shell-shaped dental instrument provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a shell-shaped dental instrument provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of two consecutively used shell-shaped dental instruments in the dental orthodontic system of the present application.
  • the technical problem solved by this application is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a new type of shell-shaped dental instrument and dental correction system for correcting adolescent mandibular retrusion and deep overbite and deep overjet problems.
  • a device is usually provided on the lingual side of the maxillary dentition to guide the mandible forward.
  • this device usually guides the mandible forward, the maxillary anterior teeth will be affected by the mandibular movement.
  • the backward pulling force causes undesired lingual tilt of the maxillary anterior teeth.
  • a device that guides the mandible forward and opens the bite is designed on the palate, so that the undesired force generated when guiding the mandible forward is exerted on the palate and
  • the palatal area adjustment section reduces the possibility of lingual tilting of the maxillary anterior teeth.
  • the "posterior tooth area” mentioned in various embodiments of this application is defined according to the classification of teeth on pages 36-38 of the second edition of "Introduction to Oral Medicine” published by Peking University Medical Press, including premolars and Molars, teeth 4-8 shown by FDI labeling, and teeth 1-3 in the anterior region shown by FDI labeling.
  • the teeth in the anterior region include central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines.
  • the "posterior tooth area” is defined according to the classification of deciduous teeth on pages 40-41 of the second edition of "Introduction to Oral Medicine” published by Peking University Medical Press, including deciduous incision.
  • deciduous canines There are three categories of teeth, deciduous canines and deciduous molars.
  • deciduous incisors include deciduous central teeth and deciduous lateral incisors
  • deciduous molars include first deciduous molars and second deciduous molars.
  • the shell-shaped dental instrument in this application is mainly worn on the maxillary dentition of deciduous teeth or the maxillary dentition of replacement teeth.
  • a shell-shaped dental instrument is made of high molecular polymer material and is used to be worn on the maxillary dentition. It includes a shell-shaped body 1.
  • the shell-shaped body 1 is provided with a plurality of tooth storage cavities 11.
  • the shell-shaped body 1 is located in the palate area.
  • An adjustment part 2 is provided for adjusting the relative positional relationship between the upper and lower jaws.
  • the adjustment part 2 includes a first guide part 21 and a support part 22 for supporting the first guide part 21 .
  • the first guide portion 21 spans the corresponding upper palate in the anterior region and is connected to the lingual free ends of at least two tooth receiving cavities 11 in the anterior region.
  • FIG. 1 the adjustment part 2 includes a first guide part 21 and a support part 22 for supporting the first guide part 21 .
  • the first guide portion 21 spans the corresponding upper palate in the anterior region and is connected to the lingual free ends of at least two tooth receiving cavities 11 in the anterior region.
  • the first guide part 21 connects the lingual free ends of all the tooth receiving cavities 11 in the anterior region, and the first guide part 21 is received by at least two teeth in the anterior region.
  • the lingual free end of the cavity 11 extends toward the opposite jaw and away from the front teeth.
  • the lingual free end here specifically refers to the end of the lingual side of the tooth receiving cavity 11 adjacent to the gingival side. Therefore, the lingual side of the tooth receiving cavity 11 in the anterior tooth area connected to the first guide portion 21 does not cover all the lingual parts of the corresponding teeth. side.
  • the first guide portion 21 is inclined to the mandibular plane so that some of the front teeth of the mandible can slide along the first guide portion 21 and drive the mandible forward to the target correction position.
  • the mandibular plane refers to The plane formed by the mesial abutment of the mandibular central incisor and the distal buccal cusp of the last molar on both sides of the mandible.
  • the first guide surface 211 is a curved surface consistent with the shape of the dental arch, and the angle between the tangent plane passing through any point on the first guide surface 211 and the mandibular plane is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 45°, so that the incisal ends of the mandibular anterior teeth can be aligned with the mandibular plane.
  • the first guide contacts and slides along the first guide surface 211 .
  • the first guide part 21 is provided with a first guide surface 211, the first guide surface 211 is a curved surface, and the angle between the tangent plane passing through any point on the first guide surface 211 and the mandibular plane is greater than 0°. Less than or equal to 45°.
  • the surface of the support portion 22 that conforms to the upper palate matches the surface of the corresponding palatal fold.
  • the support portion 22 is formed by extending from the lingual gingival ends of the plurality of tooth receiving cavities 11 in the posterior region to the palate, or the supporting portion 22 is formed by the plurality of tooth receiving cavities 11 in the posterior region and part of the anterior teeth.
  • the lingual gingival ends of the plurality of tooth receiving cavities 11 in the dental area extend toward the palate, and the portion adjacent to the anterior tooth area extends to connect with the first guide portion 21 .
  • the supporting portion 22 is partially supported on the upper palate.
  • the support portion 22 is fit on the upper palate adjacent to the teeth in the posterior region, and across the upper palate corresponding to teeth No.
  • the support portion 22 is fit on the upper palate.
  • the portion of the surface of the palate matches the surface of the palatal fold at the corresponding position, that is, the surface of the support portion 22 that fits the upper palate and the surface structure of the palatal fold at the corresponding position are consistent with each other.
  • the support portion 22 is mainly capable of enhancing the integrity of the adjustment portion 2 when the first guide portion 21 guides the mandible forward, thereby improving the strength of the adjustment portion 2 and making it difficult for the first guide portion 21 to guide the mandible to move forward. Deformation occurs.
  • the undesired force generated when guiding the mandible forward is partially adjusted to the support part 22 and the upper palate area where the support part 22 fits, thereby reducing the size of the upper jaw.
  • Undesirable lingual tilting of the anterior teeth is not limited to the connection relationship between the support part 22 and the first guide part 21, the undesired force generated when guiding the mandible forward is partially adjusted to the support part 22 and the upper palate area where the support part 22 fits, thereby reducing the size of the upper jaw.
  • the adjustment part 2 further includes a second guide part 23 , the proximal end of the second guide part 23 is connected to the lingual side of at least two tooth receiving cavities 11 in the anterior region.
  • the free ends are connected and arranged, and the distal end of the second guide part 23 is connected to the proximal end of the first guide part 21 .
  • the second guide part 23 is connected to the lingual free ends of all the tooth receiving cavities 11 in the anterior region, and the tooth receiving cavities 11 connected to the second guide part 23 only cover the labial side and incisal ends of the corresponding teeth. part.
  • the second guide portion 23 is provided with a second guide surface 231 for depressing the mandibular anterior teeth.
  • the portion of the second guide surface 231 that contacts the incisal ends of the mandibular anterior teeth is a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the mandibular anterior teeth.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the second guide part 23 and the first guide part 21 on the sagittal plane is an inverted "V" shape, that is, the first guide surface 211 and the second guide surface 231 are in line with the sagittal plane.
  • the cross-section of the face is in an inverted "V" shape, and the angle ⁇ of the inverted "V” shape is greater than 45° and less than or equal to 150°.
  • the second guide portion 23 is provided with a second guide surface 231 that depresses the mandibular anterior teeth.
  • the portion of the second guide surface 231 that contacts the incisal ends of the mandibular anterior teeth is a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the mandibular anterior teeth.
  • the first guide portion 21 is symmetrically arranged about the tooth midline and/or the second guide portion 23 is symmetrically arranged about the tooth midline.
  • the symmetrical arrangement with respect to the tooth midline can make the force carried by the adjustment part 2 also be symmetrical with respect to the tooth midline, thereby achieving force balance.
  • the minimum length of the projection of the first guide portion 21 on the horizontal plane in the sagittal direction is the distance that the mandible needs to move in the sagittal direction according to the correction plan.
  • the distance between the junction and the palatal fold is 0-2 mm.
  • the minimum length x of the projection of the first guide portion 21 on the horizontal plane in the sagittal direction is the distance that the mandible needs to move in the sagittal direction according to the correction plan.
  • Shell-shaped dental instruments generally need to be worn for 7-14 days. During the wearing period, they can stimulate the growth and development of the mandible for a long time and continuously, so that the muscles of the mandible can form a new biomechanical balance in the new position, so that the mandible still maintains its function after being removed from wearing it. Ability to consistently stay on target.
  • the first guide portion 21 has a first palatal side surface.
  • the first palatal side surface is a surface of the first guide portion 21 close to the palatal side.
  • the first palatal side surface is vertically connected to the palatal side.
  • the distance H2 between folds is 0-2mm.
  • the surface structure of the first palatal side matches the surface structure of the palatal fold at the corresponding position, and the surface structure of the first palatal side completely fits the palatal fold, which enhances the comfort when wearing and also enhances the comfort of wearing. to adjust the strength of part 2.
  • the second guide portion 23 is at least partially not in contact with the lingual side of the teeth 3 in the anterior region.
  • the second guide portion 23 always maintains a gap with the lingual side of the corresponding tooth 3, which can effectively reduce the undesirable impact of the second guide portion 23 on the corresponding tooth 3 during use. force.
  • the material of the second guide part 23 can be changed to use a material with greater stiffness than the tooth receiving cavity 11 , thereby improving the deformation resistance of the second guide part 23 .
  • the tooth receiving cavity 11 in the anterior teeth area does not contact the labial side of the corresponding anterior teeth.
  • the labial side of the tooth receiving cavity 11 in the anterior tooth area is a hollow structure. Therefore, during the wearing process of the shell-shaped dental instrument, the tooth receiving cavity 11 in the front tooth area does not exert any correction force or other force on the front teeth.
  • the support part 22 and the first guide part 21 are connected through a connection part 221 , and a tongue guide part 211 a is provided on the connection part 221 .
  • the tongue guide part 211a is used to induce the tongue tip to adjust to the target correction position. Specifically, by licking the tongue guide part 211a for a long time, the patient can eliminate the changes in the dental arch and alveolar bone morphology caused by bad tongue habits. Most children's malocclusion is caused by bad oral habits.
  • the shell-shaped dental instrument in this application, while adjusting the malocclusion, is designed with a tongue guide 211a to simultaneously correct the tongue, thereby eliminating the need for subsequent corrections.
  • the tongue guide portion 211a is a geometric structure that is convex or concave toward the tongue. Referring to FIG. 10 , when the tongue guide part 211a has a geometric structure that protrudes toward the tongue direction, the tongue guide part 211a has a solid structure, or the tongue guide part 211a has a closed hollow structure. When the tongue guide part 211a has a geometric structure that is concave in the direction of the tongue, as shown in FIG. 11 , the tongue guide part 211a may be directly formed by the surface of the connecting part 221 being concave in the direction of the anterior teeth.
  • the tongue guide part 211a may be designed in a semicircular, triangular or other polygonal structure.
  • the elastic modulus of the first guide part 21 is greater than the elastic modulus of the shell-shaped body 1 , ensuring that the first guide part 21 will not deform during use and improving the accuracy of correction.
  • the shell-shaped body 1 can be made of a material with an elastic modulus ranging from 0.2Mpa to 500Mpa
  • the first guide portion 21 can be made of a material with an elastic modulus ranging from 0.5Mpa to 600Mpa.
  • the first guide part 21 can also be designed to have a stiffness greater than that of the shell-like body 1.
  • the first guide part 21 adopts a solid structure or a multi-layer structure. When the above structure is adopted, it can be produced using an additive manufacturing method. Preparation of shell-shaped dental instruments.
  • the first guide part 21 has a reinforcing part 4 arranged along the sagittal direction.
  • a reinforcing ridge can be designed on the adjustment part 2 to improve the deformation resistance of the adjustment part 2 and improve the accuracy of correction.
  • the reinforcing part 4 may be disposed on the surface of the connecting part 221 , and the reinforcing part 4 forms a plurality of convex or concave structures on the surface of the connecting part 221 .
  • the reinforcing part 4 is provided on the first guide surface 211 of the first guide part 21 .
  • the reinforcing portion 4 is a convex or concave reinforcing ridge on part of the first guide portion 21 toward the tongue, and the reinforcing portion 4 needs to be arranged along the sagittal direction to prevent the mandibular anterior teeth from being inserted into the first guide portion 21 Creates an obstacle when sliding up.
  • the present application also includes a dental orthodontic system, including a plurality of shell-shaped dental instruments, at least one of the plurality of shell-shaped dental instruments is a shell-shaped dental instrument as described in any one of the above embodiments, and the plurality of shell-shaped dental instruments are
  • the shell-like dental instrument has a geometry for adjusting the mandible from a first position to a second position while gradually repositioning the teeth from an initial position to a target position.
  • the final target position at the end of orthodontic treatment is usually for the mandibular incisors to be at normal labial angle and below the lingual protuberance of the upper incisors.
  • the adjustment part 2 including at least two shell-shaped dental instruments used continuously in the dental orthodontic system has a second guide part 23 , and the proximal tooth end of the second guide part 23
  • the distal end of the second guide part 23 is connected to the proximal end of the first guide part 21 and is connected to the lingual free ends of at least two tooth receiving cavities 11 in the anterior region.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the guide part 21 on the sagittal plane is an inverted "V" shape. When worn, the incisal ends of the front teeth of the mandible are located at the connection between the second guide part 23 and the first guide part 21 .
  • the angle ⁇ formed by the first guide surface 211 and the second guide surface 231 gradually increases as the orthodontic treatment progresses in different shell-shaped dental instruments. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the vertical upward distance H1 between the connection point and the palatal fold in at least two consecutive shell-shaped dental instruments in the next shell-shaped dental device is greater than the vertical distance H1 in the previous shell-shaped dental device. The vertical upward distance H1 between the junction and the palatal fold. As the correction process progresses, the vertical distance H1 between the connection point in the shell-shaped dental instrument and the palatal fold in the next step is larger than the vertical distance H1 between the connection point in the shell-shaped dental instrument and the palatal fold in the previous step. The distance from H1 is 0.1mm larger.
  • the shell-shaped dental instrument with the second guide portion 23 in the orthodontic system can be designed to gradually depress the mandibular front teeth to open the bite and solve the problem of deep overbite and deep overbite.
  • the advantage of designing the pressure amount in steps is to avoid the problem of posterior teeth opening that would occur if the mandibular front teeth are depressed in one step.
  • the "previous step” and “next step” specifically refer to the correction process. In each correction step, a shell-shaped dental instrument needs to be worn. Therefore, the “previous step” and “next step” here refer to two Shell-shaped dental instruments in one step and shell-shaped dental instruments in subsequent steps of the shell-shaped dental instruments used continuously. Normally, the wearing period of the shell-shaped dental instrument in this application is 7-14 days.
  • the projection of the first guide portion 21 on the horizontal plane on at least two consecutively used shell-shaped dental instruments in the dental orthodontic system has the same minimum length in the sagittal direction.
  • the projection of the first guide portion 21 in the next shell-shaped dental instrument in at least two consecutively used shell-shaped dental instruments on the horizontal plane has a minimum length in the x-direction in a sagittal upward view greater than The minimum length in the sagittal direction of the projection of the first guide portion 21 in the previous shell-shaped dental instrument on the horizontal plane.
  • L is the difference in the minimum length of the projection of the first guide part 21 on the horizontal plane in the sagittal direction in two consecutive steps, and the value of L is between 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm.
  • the minimum length of the projection of the first guide part 21 on the horizontal plane in the sagittal direction is the distance by which the first guide part 21 guides the mandible to slide forward in the sagittal direction.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

一种壳状牙科器械佩戴于上颌牙列，包括壳状本体，所述壳状本体设有多个牙齿收纳腔，所述壳状本体在腭部区域设有调整上下颌相对位置关系的调整部，所述调整部包括第一引导部和用来支撑所述第一引导部的支撑部，所述第一引导部横跨前牙区对应的上腭并与前牙区的至少两个所述牙齿收纳腔的舌侧自由端连接，所述第一引导部与下颌颌平面呈倾斜设置以使下颌部分前牙沿所述第一引导部滑动并带动下颌向前移动至目标矫治位置；所述支撑部连接所述第一引导部，所述支撑部由后牙区的多个所述牙齿收纳腔的龈端向腭侧延伸形成，佩戴时，所述支撑部部分支撑在所述上腭上。本申请还包括一种牙齿矫治系统具有至少一个上述中的壳状牙科器械。

Description

一种壳状牙科器械及牙齿矫治系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为“202210576041.X”、申请日为2022年5月24日的中国专利申请，以及，“202221363764.3”、申请日为2022年5月24日的中国专利申请提出，并要求上述中国专利申请的优先权，上述中国专利申请的全部内容在此以引入方式并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及牙齿矫正技术领域，特别涉及一种壳状牙科器械及牙齿矫治系统。
背景技术
突面错颌畸形是东方人群中常见的牙颌面问题，在突面畸形中很大部分表现为下颌后退，特别是儿童因口呼吸问题导致的下颌后退，对于下颌后退的病例需要调整下颌颌位，引导下颌矢状向向前调整。目前常用的矫治装置有上颌斜面导板、Twin-Block(简称TB)矫治器等。对于TB矫治器而言需要将block放置于上颌双侧前磨牙第一磨牙区域、下颌前磨牙区，对于在替牙期的青少年患者其侧方牙列在替换中或者即将脱落时，使用TB无法获得克服替牙期频繁换牙带来的固位问题及提高的良好固位。
现有技术中，同样会采用上颌斜面导板为活动矫治器来矫治临床中青少年常出现的下颌后缩症状。活动矫治器通常是由基托、卡环等组成，体积较大在患者的口中异物性较强，美观性较低，舒适度较差。
为此，本申请针对上述问题提供了一种解决方案。
发明内容
本申请解决的技术问题是克服现有技术存在的缺陷，提供了一种壳状牙科器械及牙齿矫治系统。
为了实现上述目的，本申请采用的技术方案如下：
一种壳状牙科器械，佩戴于上颌牙列，包括壳状本体，所述壳状本体设有多个牙齿收纳腔，所述壳状本体在腭部区域设有调整上下颌相对位置关系的调整部，所述调整部包括第一引导部和用来支撑所述第一引导部的支撑部，所述第一引导部横跨前牙区对应的上腭并与前牙区的至少两个所述牙齿收纳腔的舌侧自由端连接，所述第一引导部与下颌颌平面呈倾斜设置以使下颌部分前牙沿所述第一引导部滑动并带动下颌向前移动至目标矫治位置；所述支撑部连接所述第一引导部，所述支撑部由后牙区的多个所述牙齿收纳腔的龈端向腭侧延伸形成，佩戴时，所述支撑部部分支撑在所述上腭上。
一种牙齿矫治系统，包括多个壳状牙齿器械，所述多个壳状牙科器械中至少一个壳状牙科器械为如上述中任一项所述的壳状牙科器械，所述多个壳状牙科器械具有调整下颌从第一位置至第二位置的同时使牙齿从初始位置逐渐重新定位至目标位置的几何形状。
本申请提供的一种壳状牙科器械，在腭部区域设置调整下颌在矢状方向上移动的第一引导部以及在腭部区域设置连接第一引导部的支撑部。佩戴壳状牙科器械后，患者在咬合过程中，第一引导部能够实现引导下颌向前移动，通过在腭部区域设置的第一引导部和支撑部将移动下颌时所产生的反作用力作用在患者的腭部，从而减小在矫治下颌的过程中对上颌前牙的负面影响，提高了矫治效果。此外，在牙齿收纳腔与第一引导部之间设置的第二引导部与第一引导部相互配合，除了能够解决下颌后缩的问题，同时可以进一步打开咬合解决深覆合、深覆盖的问题，从而实现突面错颌畸形在青少年时期的矫治。
进一步的，本申请还提供具有多个壳状牙科器械的牙齿矫治系统，上述矫治系统中至少两个连续使用的壳状牙科器械具有第一引导部和第二引导部，通过多个壳状牙科器械实现在矫治初始位置和矫治终止位置之间设置多个目标位，从而提高了矫治过程的舒适度，以及避免了打开咬合时会出现的后牙开颌的问题。
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图1为本申请中一种实施例提供的壳状牙科器械的结构示意图；
图2为图1中壳状牙科器械主视图的结构示意图；
图3为图2A-A’的剖视视图；
图4为本申请中另一种实施例提供的壳状牙科器械的结构示意图；
图5为图4的B-B’剖视视图；
图6为图4的B-B’另一剖视视图；
图7为图4的B-B’又一剖视视图；
图8为本申请中另一种实施例提供的壳状牙科器械的结构示意图；
图9为本申请中另一种实施例提供的壳状牙科器械的结构示意图；
图10为图9的P-P’又一剖视视图；
图11为本申请中另一种实施例提供的壳状牙科器械的结构示意图；
图12为本申请中另一种实施例提供的壳状牙科器械的结构示意图；
图13为本申请中另一种实施例提供的壳状牙科器械的结构示意图；
图14为本申请中的牙齿矫治系统中两个连续使用的壳状牙科器械的剖视视图。
具体实施方式
本申请解决的技术问题是克服现有技术存在的缺陷，提供了一种新型的用于矫治青少年下颌后缩以及深覆合、深覆盖问题的壳状牙科器械及牙齿矫治系统。现有技术中，针对下颌后缩的病例，通常会在上颌牙列的舌侧面设有能够导下颌向前的装置，但是这种装置通常会在导下颌向前时，上颌前牙会受到下颌向后的拉力，导致上颌前牙发生不期望舌倾，本申请将导下颌向前以及打开咬合的装置设计在腭部，将引导下颌向前时产生的不期望的作用力施加在腭部以及腭部区域调整部，从而减小上颌前牙发生舌倾的可能性。
本申请中各个实施例中提及到的“后牙区”是根据北京大学医学出版社出版的《口腔医学导论》第2版第36-38页中对于牙齿的分类进行定义，包括前磨牙以及磨牙，以FDI标记法显示为4-8的牙齿，前牙区FDI标记法显示为1-3的牙齿。前牙区的牙齿包括中切牙、侧切牙和尖牙。另外，对于处于乳牙期阶段的牙齿进行说明，“后牙区”根据北京大学医学出版社出版的《口腔医学导论》第2版第40-41页中对于乳牙齿的分类进行定义，包括乳切牙、乳尖牙和乳磨牙三类，其中，乳切牙包括乳中牙和乳侧切牙，乳磨牙包括第一乳磨牙和第二乳磨牙。本申请中的壳状牙科器械主要是佩戴在乳牙上颌牙列或替牙期上颌牙列上。
为了实现上述目的，本申请采用的技术方案如下：
一种壳状牙科器械采用高分子聚合物材料制成，用于佩戴于上颌牙列，包括壳状本体1，壳状本体1设有多个牙齿收纳腔11，壳状本体1在腭部区域设有调整上下颌相对位置关系的调整部2。在一些实施例中，参考图1所示，调整部2包括第一引导部21和用来支撑第一引导部21的支撑部22。第一引导部21横跨前牙区对应的上腭并与前牙区的至少两个牙齿收纳腔11的舌侧自由端连接。在一些实施例中，如图1所示，第一引导部21连接前牙区的所有牙齿收纳腔11的舌侧自由端，并且，第一引导部21由前牙区的至少两个牙齿收纳腔11的舌侧自由端向对颌及远离前牙的方向延伸形成。这里的舌侧自由端具体是指牙齿收纳腔11舌侧邻近龈侧的一端，因此，与第一引导部21连接的前牙区的牙齿收纳腔11的舌侧并不覆盖对应牙齿的全部舌侧面。参考图2和图3所示，第一引导部21与下颌颌平面呈倾斜设置能够使下颌部分前牙沿第一引导部21滑动并带动下颌向前移动至目标矫治位置，下颌颌平面是指下颌中切牙近中邻接点与下颌两侧最后一个磨牙远中颊尖构成的平面。患者在上颌佩戴本申请中的壳状牙科器械后，在咬合过程中，下颌前牙切端沿着第一引导部21的第一引导面211向前滑动至目标矫治位置。第一引导面211为与牙弓形状一致的曲面，且过第一引导面211上任意一点的切平面与下颌颌平面之间的角度大于0°小于等于45°以使下颌前牙切端能与第一引导接触，并沿第一引导面211滑动。
在一些实施例中，第一引导部21设有第一引导面211，第一引导面211为曲面，过第一引导面211上任意一点的切平面与下颌颌平面之间的角度大于0°小于等于45°。
在一些实施例中，支撑部22贴合上腭的表面与对应位置的腭皱襞的表面相匹配。
参考图1和图2，支撑部22由后牙区的多个牙齿收纳腔11的舌侧龈端向腭部延伸形成，或者支撑部22由后牙区的多个牙齿收纳腔11以及部分前牙区的多个牙齿收纳腔11的舌侧龈端向腭部延伸形成，邻近前牙区的部分延伸至与第一引导部21相连。壳状牙科器械在佩戴时，支撑部22部分支撑在上腭上。在一些实施例中，参考图2所示，支撑部22贴合在后牙区牙齿邻近的上腭上，以及横跨贴合3-4号牙对应的上腭，并且支撑部22贴合上腭的表面的部分与对应位置的腭皱襞的表面相匹配，即支撑部22贴合上腭的表面与对应位置的腭皱襞表面结构一致相互贴合。支撑部22主要是能够在第一引导部21引导下颌向前时，增强调整部2的整体性，从而实现提高调整部2强度的作用，使得第一引导部21在引导下颌向前移动时不易发生变形。同时通过支撑部22与第一引导部21的连接关系将引导下颌向前时产生的不期望的作用力部分调整至支撑部22以及支撑部22所贴合的上腭区域及，从而减小上颌前牙不期望的舌倾。
在一些实施例中，参考图3和图4所示，调整部2还包括第二引导部23，第二引导部23的近牙端与前牙区的至少两个牙齿收纳腔11的舌侧自由端连接设置，第二引导部23的远牙端与第一引导部21的近牙端相连设置。在一些实施例中，第二引导部23与前牙区的所有牙齿收纳腔11的舌侧自由端相连，并且与第二引导部23相连的牙齿收纳腔11只覆盖对应牙齿的唇侧面以及切端部分。第二引导部23设有压低下颌前牙的第二引导面231，第二引导面231与下颌前牙切端接触的部分为与下颌前牙的牙长轴垂直的平面。优选的，参考图5所示，第二引导部23和第一引导部21在矢状面上的截面形状呈倒“V”型，即第一引导面211和第二引导面231与矢状面的截面呈倒“V”型，倒“V”型的夹角α大于45°小于等于150°，佩戴时，下颌部分前牙切端位于第二引导部23与第一引导部21的连接处。
在一些实施例中，第二引导部23设有压低下颌前牙的第二引导面231，第二引导面231与下颌前牙切端接触的部分为与下颌前牙的牙长轴垂直的平面。
继续参考图4所示，在一些实施例中，第一引导部21关于牙中线对称设置和/或第二引导部23关于牙中线对称设置。关于牙中线对称设置可以使得调整部2承载的作用力也同样关于牙中线对称，从而达到作用力平衡。
在一些实施例中，第一引导部21在水平面上的投影在矢状向上的最小长度为下颌根据矫治计划需要在矢状方向上移动的距离。
在一些实施例中，连接处与腭皱襞之间的距离为0-2mm。
参考图5和图6所示，第一引导部21在水平面上的投影在矢状向上的最小长度x为下颌根据矫治计划需要在矢状方向上移动的距离。患者在佩戴壳状牙科器械后，在咬合过程中， 下颌前牙切端沿着第一引导部21滑动至第一引导部21和第二引导部23之间的连接处，最后稳定保持在连接处。连接处与腭皱襞之间的距离H1为0-2mm，用于调整上下颌在垂直向的位置关系，对于深覆颌、深覆盖的病例能够起到打开咬合的作用。壳状牙科器械一般需要佩戴7-14天，佩戴期间能够长期并持续的刺激下颌骨的生长发育，从而使得下颌的肌肉在新的位置形成新的生物力学平衡，使得下颌在解除佩戴后，依然能够持续保持在目标位。
在一些实施例中，继续参考图6所示，第一引导部21具有第一腭侧面，第一腭侧面为第一引导部21靠近腭侧的表面，第一腭侧面在垂直方向上与腭皱襞之间的距离H2为0-2mm。当第一腭侧面与腭皱襞之间为0mm时，即第一腭侧面与腭皱襞贴合设置。在一些实施例中，第一腭侧面的表面结构与对应位置的腭皱襞的表面结构相匹配，第一腭侧面的表面结构与腭皱襞完全贴合，增强了佩戴时的舒适度，也同样增强了调整部2的强度。
在一些实施例中，请参考图7所示，第二引导部23与前牙区牙齿3的舌侧面至少部分不接触。在一些实施例中，在佩戴过程中，第二引导部23与对应的牙齿3的舌侧面始终保持间隙，能够有效地减小第二引导部23在使用过程中对对应牙齿3施加的不期望的作用力。在一些情况下，可以通过改变第二引导部23的材料，使用刚度比牙齿收纳腔11的刚度更大的材料，从而提高第二引导部23的抗变形能力。
在一些实施例中，前牙区的牙齿收纳腔11不接触对应前牙的唇侧面。例如前牙区牙齿收纳腔11的唇侧的内表面与对应前牙的外表面间隙设置，或者前牙区牙齿收纳腔11的唇侧面为镂空设置，参考图8中所示壳状牙科器械，前牙区的牙齿收纳腔11的唇侧面为镂空结构。使得壳状牙科器械在佩戴过程中，前牙区的牙齿收纳腔11不对前牙施加任何矫治力或者其他的作用力。
在一些实施例中，参考图9、图10和图11所示，支撑部22与第一引导部21之间通过连接部221连接，连接部221上设有舌体引导部211a。舌体引导部211a用于诱导舌尖调整至目标矫治位置，具体地，患者通过长时间的去舔舐舌体引导部211a，可以消除不良的舌习惯对于牙弓以及牙槽骨形态的改变。多数儿童的错颌畸形是由于不良的口腔习惯所导致的，本申请中的壳状牙科器械，在调整错颌畸形的同时，设计舌体引导部211a对舌体进行同步矫治，从而消除后续矫治完成后，不良舌习惯引发的二次错颌畸形。在一些实施例中，舌体引导部211a为向舌体方向凸起或内凹的几何结构。参考图10所示，当舌体引导部211a为向舌体方向凸起的几何结构时，舌体引导部211a为实心结构，或者舌体引导部211a为封闭的空心结构。当舌体引导部211a为向舌体方向凹入的几何结构时，参考图11所示，舌体引导部211a可以直接由连接部221的表面向前牙区方向凹入形成。舌体引导部211a可设计成半圆形，三角形或其他多边形结构。
在一些实施例中，第一引导部21的弹性模量大于壳状本体1的弹性模量，确保第一引导部21在使用过程中，不会发生变形，提高了矫治精度。例如壳状本体1材料可选用弹性模量处在从0.2Mpa到500Mpa范围内的材料，第一引导部21可选用弹性模量处在从0.5Mpa到600Mpa范围内的材料。或者，第一引导部21也可以设计成刚度大于壳状本体1的刚度，例如，第一引导部21采用实心结构，或者多层结构，当采用上述结构时，可以使用增材制造的方法生产制备壳状牙科器械。
在一些实施例中，第一引导部21上具有沿矢状向设置的加强部4。
在一些实施例中，可以在调整部2上设计加强脊来提高调整部2的抗变形能力，提高矫治精度。参考图12所示，加强部4可以设置在连接部221的表面，加强部4为连接部221的表面形成多个凸出或者凹入的结构。或者如图13所示，加强部4设置在第一引导部21的第一引导面211上。在一些实施例中，加强部4为部分第一引导部21向舌体方向凸起或凹入的加强脊，并且加强部4需要沿矢状方向设置，避免下颌前牙在第一引导部21上滑动时形成阻碍。
本申请还包括一种牙齿矫治系统，包括多个壳状牙齿器械，多个壳状牙科器械中至少一个壳状牙科器械为如上述中实施例中任一项所述的壳状牙科器械，多个壳状牙科器械具有调整下颌从第一位置至第二位置的同时使牙齿从初始位置逐渐重新定位至目标位置的几何形状。矫治结束的最后目标位置通常为下颌切牙在正常的唇顷度同时在上切牙舌隆突下方。
其中，在一些实施例中，参考图14所示，在牙齿矫治系统中包括至少两个连续使用的壳状牙科器械的调整部2具有第二引导部23，第二引导部23的近牙端与前牙区的至少两个牙齿收纳腔11的舌侧自由端连接设置，第二引导部23的远牙端与第一引导部21的近牙端相连设置，第二引导部23和第一引导部21在矢状面上的截面形状呈倒“V”型，佩戴时，下颌部分前牙切端位于第二引导部23与第一引导部21的连接处。第一引导面211与第二引导面231形成的夹角α在不同壳状牙科器械中，随着矫治进程的推进逐渐增大。此外，在一些实施例中，至少两个连续使用的壳状牙科器械中的下一步壳状牙科器械中的连接处与腭皱襞之间在垂直向上的距离H1大于上一步壳状牙科器械中的连接处与腭皱襞之间在垂直向上的距离H1。随着矫治进程的推进，下一步中壳状牙科器械中的连接处与腭皱襞之间在垂直向上的距离H1比上一步中壳状牙科器械中的连接处与腭皱襞之间在垂直向上的距离H1大0.1mm。牙齿矫治系统中的具有第二引导部23的壳状牙科器械可设计为逐步实现压低下颌前牙打开咬合解决深覆合、深覆盖的问题。分步骤设计压力量的好处在于，避免的一步压低下颌前牙会出现的后牙开颌的问题。
这里需要说明，“上一步”和“下一步”具体是指矫治进程中，每一矫治步骤中需要佩戴一个壳状牙科器械，因此，这里的“上一步”和“下一步”是指两个连续使用的壳状牙科器械中的某一步骤中的壳状牙科器械和它后续步骤中壳状牙科器械。通常情况下，本申请中壳状牙科器械的佩戴周期为7-14天。
在一些实施例中，牙齿矫治系统中的至少两个连续使用的壳状牙科器械上的第一引导部21在水平面上的投影在矢状向上的最小长度相同。或者，参考图14所示，至少两个连续使用的壳状牙科器械中的下一步壳状牙科器械中的第一引导部21在水平面上的投影在矢状向上图中x方向的最小长度大于上一步壳状牙科器械中的第一引导部21在水平面上的投影在矢状向上的最小长度。图14中L为两个连续步骤中第一引导部21在水平面上的投影在矢状向上的最小长度的差值，L的取值在0.1mm-0.2mm之间。第一引导部21在水平面上的投影在矢状向上的最小长度为第一引导部21引导下颌在矢状向上向前滑动的距离。
应当说明的是，以上实施例在不产生矛盾的情况下，均可根据需要进行自由组合以形成不同的新的实施方案，这种组合后形成的实施方案均为本申请的保护范围，为了节省申请文本的篇幅，在此不再赘述。
以上所述仅是本申请的优选实施例，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本申请的保护范围。
同样地，以上所述仅为本申请的具体实施例，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种壳状牙科器械，佩戴于上颌牙列，包括壳状本体，所述壳状本体设有多个牙齿收纳腔，所述壳状本体在腭部区域设有调整上下颌相对位置关系的调整部，所述调整部包括第一引导部和用来支撑所述第一引导部的支撑部，所述第一引导部横跨前牙区对应的上腭并与前牙区的所述多个牙齿收纳腔中的至少两个牙齿收纳腔的舌侧自由端连接，所述第一引导部与下颌颌平面呈倾斜设置以使下颌部分前牙沿所述第一引导部滑动并带动下颌向前移动至目标矫治位置；所述支撑部连接所述第一引导部，所述支撑部由后牙区的所述多个牙齿收纳腔的龈端向腭侧延伸形成，佩戴时，所述支撑部部分支撑在所述上腭上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，所述第一引导部由前牙区的所述至少两个牙齿收纳腔的舌侧自由端向对颌及远离所述前牙的方向延伸形成。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，所述第一引导部设有第一引导面，所述第一引导面为曲面，过所述第一引导面上任意一点的切平面与所述下颌颌平面之间的角度大于0°小于等于45°。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，所述调整部还包括第二引导部，所述第二引导部的近牙端与前牙区的所述至少两个牙齿收纳腔的舌侧自由端连接设置，所述第二引导部的远牙端与所述第一引导部的近牙端相连设置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，所述第二引导部设有压低下颌前牙的第二引导面，所述第二引导面与下颌前牙切端接触的部分为与下颌前牙的牙长轴垂直的平面。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，所述第二引导部和所述第一引导部在矢状面上的截面形状呈倒“V”型，所述倒“V”型的夹角大于45°小于等于150°，佩戴时，下颌部分前牙切端位于所述第二引导部与所述第一引导部的连接处。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，所述第一引导部在水平面上的投影在矢状向上的最小长度为下颌根据矫治计划需要在矢状方向上移动的距离。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，所述连接处与腭皱襞之间的距离为0-2mm。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，所述第一引导部具有第一腭侧面，所述第一腭侧面在垂直方向上与腭皱襞之间的距离为0-2mm。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，所述第一腭侧面的表面结构与对应位置的腭皱襞的表面结构相匹配。
  11. 根据权利要求4-10中任一项所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，所述第二引导部与前牙区牙齿的舌侧面至少部分不接触。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，所述第一引导部关于牙中线对称设置。
  13. 根据权利要求4-12中任一项所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，所述第二引导部关于牙中线对称设置。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，前牙区的所述至少两个牙齿收纳腔不接触对应前牙的唇侧面。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，前牙区的所述至少两个牙齿收纳腔的唇侧的内表面与对应前牙的外表面间隙设置，或前牙区的所述至少两个牙齿收纳腔的唇侧面为镂空设置。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，所述支撑部与所述第一引导部之间通过连接部连接，所述连接部上设有舌体引导部，所述舌体引导部为向舌体方向凸起或内凹的几何结构。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，当所述舌体引导部为向舌体方向凸起的几何结构时，所述舌体引导部为实心结构。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，所述舌体引导部为向舌体方向凸起的几何结构时，所述舌体引导部为封闭的空心结构。
  19. 根据权利要求1-18中任一项所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，所述支撑部贴合上腭的表面与对应位置的腭皱襞的表面相匹配。
  20. 根据权利要求1-19中任一项所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，所述第一引导部的弹性模量大于所述壳状本体的弹性模量。
  21. 根据权利要求1-20中任一项所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，所述第一引导部的刚度大于所述壳状本体的刚度。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，所述第一引导部上具有沿矢状向设置的加强部。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的壳状牙科器械，其中，所述加强部为部分所述第一引导部向舌体方向凸起或凹入的加强脊。
  24. 一种牙齿矫治系统，包括多个壳状牙齿器械，所述多个壳状牙科器械中至少一个壳状牙科器械为如权利要求1-23中任一项所述的壳状牙科器械，所述多个壳状牙科器械具有调整下颌从第一位置至第二位置的同时使牙齿从初始位置逐渐重新定位至目标位置的几何形状。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的牙齿矫治系统，其中，所述多个壳状牙科器械中的至少两个连续使用的壳状牙科器械的调整部还包括第二引导部，所述第二引导部的近牙端与前牙区的至少两个牙齿收纳腔的舌侧自由端连接设置，所述第二引导部的远牙端与第一引导部的近牙端相连设置，所述第二引导部和所述第一引导部在矢状面上的截面形状呈倒“V”型，佩戴时，下颌部分前牙切端位于所述第二引导部与所述第一引导部的连接处。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的牙齿矫治系统，其中，所述至少两个连续使用的壳状牙科器 械中的下一步壳状牙科器械中的所述连接处与腭皱襞之间在垂直向上的距离大于上一步壳状牙科器械中的所述连接处与腭皱襞之间在垂直向上的距离。
  27. 根据权利要求24所述的牙齿矫治系统，其特征在于，所述至少两个连续使用的壳状牙科器械上的所述第一引导部在水平面上的投影在矢状向上的最小长度相同。
  28. 根据权利要求24所述的牙齿矫治系统，其特征在于，所述至少两个连续使用的壳状牙科器械中的所述下一步壳状牙科器械中的所述第一引导部在水平面上的投影在矢状向上的最小长度大于所述上一步壳状牙科器械中的所述第一引导部在水平面上的投影在矢状向上的最小长度。
PCT/CN2023/093945 2022-05-24 2023-05-12 一种壳状牙科器械及牙齿矫治系统 WO2023226794A1 (zh)

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