WO2023224442A1 - 양극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 양극 - Google Patents
양극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 양극 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023224442A1 WO2023224442A1 PCT/KR2023/006937 KR2023006937W WO2023224442A1 WO 2023224442 A1 WO2023224442 A1 WO 2023224442A1 KR 2023006937 W KR2023006937 W KR 2023006937W WO 2023224442 A1 WO2023224442 A1 WO 2023224442A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- lithium
- single particle
- Prior art date
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- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011302 mesophase pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexanoic acid Natural products CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001008 quinone-imine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002733 tin-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the positive electrode active material according to the present invention has a single particle form in which the long axis of the crystal grain and the lithium movement path are aligned in parallel, and can improve the initial resistance characteristics and lifespan characteristics of a battery containing it.
- the e refers to the elemental fraction of the M 1 element among metal elements other than lithium in the lithium composite transition metal oxide, and may be 0 or more and 0.02, 0.05, or 0.10 or less.
- the d' refers to the atomic fraction of manganese among metal elements and may be 0.01 or more, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, or 0.40 or less.
- Step (C) is a step of heat treating the mixture at a temperature of 650°C to 800°C.
- the lithium secondary battery may optionally further include a battery container that accommodates the electrode assembly of the positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator, and a sealing member that seals the battery container.
- the binder is a component that assists in bonding between the conductive material, the active material, and the current collector, and can typically be added in an amount of 0.1% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- binders include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and tetrafluoride.
- the conductive material is a component to further improve the conductivity of the negative electrode active material, and may be added in an amount of 10% by weight or less, preferably 5% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- These conductive materials are not particularly limited as long as they have conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery, and examples include graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; Carbon black such as acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black; Conductive fibers such as carbon fiber and metal fiber; Metal powders such as carbon fluoride, aluminum, and nickel powder; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- the separator separates the negative electrode and the positive electrode and provides a passage for lithium ions to move. It can be used without particular restrictions as long as it is normally used as a separator in a lithium secondary battery, especially for the movement of ions in the electrolyte. It is desirable to have low resistance and excellent electrolyte moisturizing ability.
- porous polymer films for example, porous polymer films made of polyolefin polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these. A laminated structure of two or more layers may be used.
- electrolytes used in the present invention include organic liquid electrolytes, inorganic liquid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes, gel-type polymer electrolytes, solid inorganic electrolytes, and molten inorganic electrolytes that can be used in the production of lithium secondary batteries, and are limited to these. It doesn't work.
- One or more additives such as zolidine, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, ammonium salt, pyrrole, 2-methoxy ethanol, or aluminum trichloride may be further included. At this time, the additive may be included in an amount of 0.1% to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
- the battery module or battery pack is a power tool; Electric vehicles, including electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV); Alternatively, it can be used as a power source for any one or more mid- to large-sized devices among power storage systems.
- Electric vehicles including electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV);
- PHEV plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
- a mixture was prepared by mixing powder-type Co(OH) 2 (Hwayu Cobalt Co., Ltd.) with the prepared single-particle lithium composite transition metal oxide at a molar ratio of 1:0.02. The mixture was heat-treated at 700°C for 5 hours under an oxygen atmosphere to prepare a single particle positive electrode active material.
- a positive electrode active material precursor having a composition expressed as Ni 0.88 Co 0.03 Mn 0.09 (OH) 2 and an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 3.5 ⁇ m and LiOH were mixed at a molar ratio of 1:1.05, and 9 times heated at a temperature of 800°C under an oxygen atmosphere.
- a lithium composite transition metal oxide having a composition expressed as LiNi 0.88 Co 0.03 Mn 0.09 O 2 was prepared.
- a mixture was prepared by mixing powdered Co(OH) 2 (Hwayu Cobalt Co., Ltd.) with the prepared lithium composite transition metal oxide at a molar ratio of 1:0.02. The mixture was heat-treated at 700°C for 5 hours under an oxygen atmosphere to prepare a positive electrode active material in the form of secondary particles.
- a positive electrode active material precursor having a composition expressed as Ni 0.88 Co 0.03 Mn 0.09 (OH) 2 and an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 3.5 ⁇ m and LiOH was mixed at a molar ratio of 1:1.05, and 9 times heated at a temperature of 840°C under an oxygen atmosphere.
- a lithium composite transition metal oxide having a composition expressed as LiNi 0.88 Co 0.03 Mn 0.09 O 2 was prepared.
- a mixture was prepared by mixing powdered Co(OH) 2 (Hwayu Cobalt Co., Ltd.) with the prepared lithium composite transition metal oxide at a molar ratio of 1:0.02. The mixture was heat-treated at 700°C for 5 hours under an oxygen atmosphere to prepare a positive electrode active material in the form of secondary particles.
- the half cells manufactured above were each charged at 25°C with a constant current (CC) of 0.2C until 4.25V, and then charged with a constant voltage (CV) of 4.25V so that the charging current was 0.05mAh (cut-off current). After charging until shown in
- the positive electrode active material of Comparative Example 3 exists in a mixed state of secondary particle form in which hundreds of primary particles are aggregated and single particle form, and the initial resistance characteristics and life characteristics of the battery are significantly improved compared to Examples 1 to 6. You can confirm that it is not good.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(cosα)2 | (cosθ)2 | l(cosα)2-(cosθ)2l | |
실시예 1 | 0.72 | 0.67 | 0.05 |
실시예 2 | 0.76 | 0.68 | 0.08 |
실시예 3 | 0.70 | 0.72 | 0.02 |
실시예 4 | 0.71 | 0.75 | 0.04 |
실시예 5 | 0.67 | 0.63 | 0.04 |
실시예 6 | 0.65 | 0.61 | 0.04 |
비교예 1 | 0.52 | 0.43 | 0.09 |
비교예 2 | 0.55 | 0.48 | 0.07 |
비교예 3 | 0.58 | 0.55 | 0.03 |
초기 저항(Ω) | 용량 유지율(%) | 저항 증가율(%) | |
실시예 1 | 18.7 | 96.2 | 135.8 |
실시예 2 | 19.7 | 96.5 | 138.7 |
실시예 3 | 16.9 | 96.9 | 131.2 |
실시예 4 | 16.7 | 97.1 | 128.6 |
실시예 5 | 18.8 | 96.3 | 133.5 |
실시예 6 | 19.2 | 96.4 | 134.1 |
비교예 1 | 20.9 | 94.9 | 158.0 |
비교예 2 | 22.5 | 95.1 | 154.6 |
비교예 3 | 19.8 | 88.7 | 163.2 |
Claims (13)
- 전자후방산란회절(Electron BackScatter Diffraction, EBSD) 분석을 통해 얻은 결정립의 장축과 리튬 이동 경로가 이루는 각도를 α라고 할 때, (cosα)2 값이 0.5 이상인 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질은 1개 내지 50개의 단결정 입자로 이루어진 것인 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질.
- 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 단결정 입자는 평균 입경(DEBSD)이 0.1㎛ 내지 10㎛인 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질.
- (A) 양극 활물질 전구체 및 리튬 원료 물질을 혼합하고, 800℃ 내지 1000℃의 온도에서 1차 소성하여 가소성품을 제조한 후, 상기 가소성품을 1차 소성 온도보다 낮은 온도에서 2차 소성하여 단입자 형태의 리튬 복합 전이금속 산화물을 제조하는 단계;(B) 상기 단입자 형태의 리튬 복합 전이금속 산화물 및 코발트 원료 물질을 혼합하여 혼합물을 준비하는 단계; 및(C) 상기 혼합물을 650℃ 내지 800℃의 온도에서 열처리하는 단계;를 포함하는 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,상기 (A) 단계의 1차 소성은 산소 분위기 하에서 수행하는 것인 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,상기 (A) 단계에서 2차 소성은 700℃ 내지 900℃의 온도에서 수행하는 것인 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,상기 (A) 단계의 2차 소성은 산소 분위기 하에서 수행하는 것인 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,상기 (B) 단계에서 단입자 형태의 리튬 복합 전이금속 산화물과 코발트 원료 물질은 1:0.0001~0.05의 몰비로 혼합되는 것인 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,상기 (B) 단계에서 혼합은 건식 혼합인 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,상기 (C) 단계의 열처리는 산소 분위기 하에서 수행하는 것인 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 집전체; 및상기 집전체 상에 위치하는 양극 활물질층;을 포함하는 양극으로서,상기 양극 활물질층은 청구항 1 내지 청구항 3 중 어느 한 항에 따른 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질을 포함하는 것인 양극.
- 청구항 11에 있어서,상기 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질의 리튬 이동 경로와 상기 집전체의 상부면에 대한 평행축이 이루는 각도를 θ라고 할 때, (cosθ)2 값이 0.6 이상인 것인 양극.
- 청구항 12에 있어서,상기 (cosθ)2 값과 (cosα)2 값의 차이는 0.2 이하인 것인 양극.
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KR20150070853A (ko) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-25 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 복합 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 양극, 리튬 전지, 및 이의 제조방법 |
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WO2018025594A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-02 | 2018-02-08 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 全固体リチウム電池 |
KR102144056B1 (ko) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-08-12 | 주식회사 에스엠랩 | 양극활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 양극을 포함한 리튬이차전지 |
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- 2023-05-22 WO PCT/KR2023/006937 patent/WO2023224442A1/ko active Application Filing
- 2023-05-22 EP EP23807961.0A patent/EP4421914A1/en active Pending
- 2023-05-22 CN CN202380014557.8A patent/CN118235270A/zh active Pending
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KR20150070853A (ko) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-25 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 복합 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 양극, 리튬 전지, 및 이의 제조방법 |
JP2015118898A (ja) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極材料およびその製造方法、非水電解質二次電池 |
KR20160064881A (ko) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-06-08 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 상기 양극을 채용한 리튬 이차 전지 |
WO2018025594A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-02 | 2018-02-08 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 全固体リチウム電池 |
KR102144056B1 (ko) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-08-12 | 주식회사 에스엠랩 | 양극활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 양극을 포함한 리튬이차전지 |
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CN118235270A (zh) | 2024-06-21 |
CA3238348A1 (en) | 2023-11-23 |
KR20230162570A (ko) | 2023-11-28 |
EP4421914A1 (en) | 2024-08-28 |
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