WO2023211147A1 - 세포외기질로 유도된 자가조립체 기반 3d 프린팅 인공 조직체의 제조방법 및 이로부터 제조된 인공 조직체 - Google Patents
세포외기질로 유도된 자가조립체 기반 3d 프린팅 인공 조직체의 제조방법 및 이로부터 제조된 인공 조직체 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023211147A1 WO2023211147A1 PCT/KR2023/005678 KR2023005678W WO2023211147A1 WO 2023211147 A1 WO2023211147 A1 WO 2023211147A1 KR 2023005678 W KR2023005678 W KR 2023005678W WO 2023211147 A1 WO2023211147 A1 WO 2023211147A1
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- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/36—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
- A61L27/3604—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix characterised by the human or animal origin of the biological material, e.g. hair, fascia, fish scales, silk, shellac, pericardium, pleura, renal tissue, amniotic membrane, parenchymal tissue, fetal tissue, muscle tissue, fat tissue, enamel
- A61L27/3633—Extracellular matrix [ECM]
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- A61L27/3683—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix subjected to a specific treatment prior to implantation, e.g. decellularising, demineralising, grinding, cellular disruption/non-collagenous protein removal, anti-calcification, crosslinking, supercritical fluid extraction, enzyme treatment
- A61L27/3691—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix subjected to a specific treatment prior to implantation, e.g. decellularising, demineralising, grinding, cellular disruption/non-collagenous protein removal, anti-calcification, crosslinking, supercritical fluid extraction, enzyme treatment characterised by physical conditions of the treatment, e.g. applying a compressive force to the composition, pressure cycles, ultrasonic/sonication or microwave treatment, lyophilisation
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- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
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- A61L27/3804—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells characterised by specific cells or progenitors thereof, e.g. fibroblasts, connective tissue cells, kidney cells
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- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/36—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
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- A61L27/3895—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells using specific culture conditions, e.g. stimulating differentiation of stem cells, pulsatile flow conditions
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- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
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- C12N2533/00—Supports or coatings for cell culture, characterised by material
- C12N2533/90—Substrates of biological origin, e.g. extracellular matrix, decellularised tissue
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a 3D printed artificial tissue based on an extracellular matrix-derived self-assembly and an artificial tissue manufactured therefrom.
- the present invention relates to a self-assembly formed by inducing differentiation of stem cells using an extracellular matrix-derived biomaterial.
- 3D printing a method of manufacturing an artificial tissue body that can be finely patterned with a width of a micrometer and embody the morphological appearance of the original tissue, and from this, a mature tissue rather than a cell-biomaterial mixture from the time of printing Provides an artificial tissue that is printed in a shape.
- the artificial tissue body manufactured through the production method of the present invention mimics the biological characteristics of the target organ depending on the origin of the extracellular matrix, making it possible to provide artificial tissue bodies and organs that are very similar to actual derived tissues.
- tissue engineering techniques for harvesting allogeneic or heterogeneous organs and tissues, removing cells (decellularization), and using them as various types of tissue engineering preparations have been attracting attention.
- various tissue-derived biomaterials such as small intestine submucosa, bladder, skin, amniotic membrane, bone, ligament, and cartilage, have been commercialized or research is in progress.
- Methods for producing tissue-engineered artificial organs using tissue-derived biomaterials reported to date include salt leaching, electrospinning, and 3D printing.
- tissue induction and maturity there are still limitations in terms of tissue induction and maturity, such as the use of synthetic materials that can produce by-products harmful to cells when decomposed, or the formation of non-uniform cell-biomaterial complexes.
- Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2020-0066218 discloses a technology for manufacturing a bio-ink composition containing microparticles of human tissue and a structure using the same, but separately to control cell function and differentiation. It requires cell growth factors and differentiation factors, and structures produced through 3D printing must undergo a cross-linking step to satisfy bio-ink printability and mechanical properties after printing.
- the present inventors provide a method of printing mature self-assembled tissue at the time of tissue-specific differentiation and printing through self-assembly using cell and extracellular matrix-derived biomaterials without using differentiation factors, We sought to present an improved artificial tissue manufacturing method compared to previous technologies.
- the present invention utilizes self-assembly cell-biomaterial complex (cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly), which has excellent ability to differentiate into tissues and induce maturation, for printing to manufacture artificial tissues similar to the biochemical properties of the tissue of origin.
- the purpose is to provide technology to
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a 3D printed artificial tissue based on cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide 3D printed artificial tissues and artificial organs based on cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly manufactured by the above-described method.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a 3D printed artificial tissue based on cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly comprising the following steps:
- the tissue in step (a) may be bone, ligament, muscle, fibro-cartilage, or cartilage.
- the cells in step (b) may be stem cells.
- the stem cells may be any one or more selected from the group consisting of mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and pluripotent stem cells.
- the extracellular matrix powder decellularized in step (b) may be added at a concentration of 0.05 to 3 mg/ml.
- step (b) the cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly can be formed in vitro .
- a cell-decellularized extracellular matrix powder self-assembly in step (b), can be formed by inducing cell proliferation or cell differentiation.
- step (b) may include additionally adding a water-soluble decellularized extracellular matrix solution.
- the water-soluble decellularized extracellular matrix solution may be added at a concentration of 50 to 500 ⁇ g/ml.
- step (b) may be cultured for 2 to 9 days after the cells and the decellularized extracellular matrix powder begin to fuse.
- homogenizing the cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly of step (c) is performed by mixing the cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly obtained after step (b) with molecular sieves. Blending can be done by passing it through a molecular sieve, or through a syringe connector connected to a nozzle.
- the mesh diameter of the molecular sieve may be 50 to 800 ⁇ m, and the diameter of the nozzle connected to the syringe connector may be 1 to 3 mm.
- the tissue strand ink prepared in step (d) is injected into a 3D printing syringe, with a nozzle size of 200 ⁇ m or more, an air pressure of 20 to 150 Kpa, and 0.1 3D printing may be performed at a printing speed of from 3 mm/sec.
- the present invention also provides 3D printed artificial tissues and artificial organs based on cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly manufactured by the above-described method.
- the artificial tissue body and artificial organ can exhibit biochemical characteristics of the tissue of origin.
- the manufacturing method of the 3D printed artificial tissue of the present invention enables fine patterning with a width of the micrometer unit, and not only can realize the morphological appearance of the tissue of origin, but also simulates the biological characteristics of the target organ depending on the origin of the extracellular matrix. Enables maturation into an organization that Additionally, unlike existing methods, it is possible to print in the form of a mature self-assembled tissue rather than a combination of cells and biomaterials at the time of printing. Accordingly, the artificial tissue produced by the method of the present invention can be used, for example, in the development of medical products necessary for regenerative medicine, such as bone, ligament, muscle, cartilage, or meniscus damage. In addition, tissue engineering products suitable for the anatomical location, characteristics, and physicochemical requirements of the target tissue can be produced, so a wide range of applications can be expected.
- Figures 1A to 1B show the results of visual analysis and biochemical analysis of each tissue (bone, ligament, muscle, fibro-cartilage and cartilaginous tissue) before and after the decellularization process.
- Figure 1A shows the parent tissue before the decellularization process. This is the result of visual analysis of (Native) and after the decellularization process (Decelled)
- Figure 1b is the result of biochemical content analysis of the parent tissue before the decellularization process (Native) and after the decellularization process (Decelled).
- Figures 2a to 2d show the results of the production of cell/DECM self-assembly.
- Figure 2a is a photograph of high-density culture of porcine synovial membrane-derived stem cells and a photograph after DECM treatment
- Figure 2b is a condensation of cell/DECM self-assembly. It is a photograph showing
- Figure 2c is the result of visual and live/dead assay analysis according to the extracellular matrix concentration of the cell/DECM self-assembly
- Figure 2d is the result of quantitative analysis based on the live/dead assay.
- Figures 3a and 3b show the results of strengthening the cartilage tissue differentiation ability of the self-assembly by treatment with water-soluble cartilage DECM.
- Figure 3a shows the results of analysis of the increase or decrease in cartilage-related genes in the self-assembly by treatment with water-soluble cartilage DECM. It is a graph showing, and Figure 3b is a photograph showing the results of histological analysis of self-assembly by treatment with water-soluble cartilage DECM.
- Figures 4a to 4c show the results of tissue strand ink production through the homogenization process of cell/DECM self-assembly
- Figure 4a compares the 3D printed structure shape and cell survival rate of tissue strand ink according to the culture period of the self-assembly. It is a graph
- Figure 4b is a graph comparing the printing suitability of tissue strand ink according to the mesh diameter of the molecular sieve used in the homogenization process of the self-assembly
- Figure 4c is a syringe nozzle used in the homogenization process of the self-assembly. This is a graph comparing the printing suitability of tissue strand ink according to the diameter.
- Figures 5a to 5b show the results of analysis of the characteristics of artificial tissues printed with cell/DECM self-assembly-based tissue strand ink. Specifically, Figure 5a shows the results of characterization of artificial tissues printed with cell/DECM self-assembly-based tissue strand ink and 3D printing. This is a photograph showing the process of producing an artificial tissue, and Figure 5b is a graph comparing the cell survival rate of an artificial tissue using 3D printing compared to a tissue strand ink based on cell/DECM self-assembly.
- Figures 6a to 6d show the results of biochemical characterization of artificial tissues printed with tissue strand ink based on cell/DECM self-assembly according to the use of tissue-specific DECM. Specifically, Figure 6a shows tissue-specific cell/DECM self-assembly. This is the result of visual observation of an artificial tissue printed with tissue strand ink. Figure 6b is the result of protein profile analysis of an artificial tissue printed with tissue strand ink based on tissue-specific cells/DECM self-assembly. Figure 6c is a result of tissue-specific cell/DECM self-assembly-based artificial tissue printed with tissue strand ink.
- Figures 7a to 7e show the results of evaluating the degree of tissue differentiation of artificial tissues printed with tissue-specific cell/DECM self-assembly-based tissue strand ink, in that order: cartilage (Figure 7a), fibro-cartilage (Figure 7b), and bone ( Figure 7b). 7c), ligaments (FIG. 7d), and muscles (FIG. 7e) show the results of tissue differentiation evaluation of artificial tissues printed with tissue strand ink.
- Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the method of manufacturing a 3D printed artificial tissue based on the cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly of the present invention.
- 3D printing can utilize a variety of materials and cells and realize the desired form, but it uses synthetic materials that can produce by-products harmful to cells when decomposed, or There are still limitations in terms of tissue induction and maturation, such as forming uniform cell-biomaterial complexes. Accordingly, the present inventors formed a self-assembly with a homogeneous distribution of cells and extracellular matrix without using separate synthetic materials or growth factors, and applied this to 3D printing technology to derive an optimized 3D printing method to solve the above-mentioned problems. A solution was sought.
- the manufacturing method of the 3D printed artificial tissue of the present invention enables fine patterning with a width of the micrometer unit, and not only can realize the morphological appearance of the tissue of origin, but also simulates the biological characteristics of the target organ depending on the origin of the extracellular matrix. Enables maturation into an organization that
- the first aspect of the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a 3D printed artificial tissue based on cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly.
- the manufacturing method includes the following steps:
- step (a) is a step of preparing decellularized extracellular matrix powder, where decellularization is performed to eliminate the immune response to the cellular components of the xenogeneic tissue.
- decellularization the cellular components of the tissue must be completely removed, the physical properties of the tissue must be maintained, and biochemical properties must be preserved as much as possible to become an extracellular matrix used as a tissue support in the field of tissue engineering. , various cleaning agents or chemicals used during the treatment process must be completely removed.
- the decellularization process in step (a) may be performed by methods known in the art without limitation.
- a part of the desired tissue is obtained from an animal or human tissue or organ, washed, freeze-dried, and freeze-crushed to prepare a powder, and then dissolved in a hypotonic solution for a certain period of time, and then dissolved in a solution containing a surfactant.
- Decellularization can be performed by processing.
- the tissue-derived extracellular matrix may first be decellularized and then powdered.
- the tissue-derived extracellular matrix may be derived from an artificial tissue or an artificial organ to be ultimately manufactured, for example, fat, muscle, cartilage, fibro-cartilage, heart, bone, ligament, skin, blood vessel, lung, cornea, It may originate from the brain, mucosal epithelial tissue, bladder, liver, kidney, esophagus, testis, uterus, placenta, nerves, spinal cord, pancreas, spleen, intestines, etc., but is not limited thereto.
- the surfactant may be an anionic surfactant, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and a nonionic surfactant, such as Triton X-100, but is limited to these. It doesn't work.
- SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate
- Triton X-100 Triton X-100
- the preferred concentration of SDS is 0.1 to 0.5%
- the preferred concentration of Triton X-100 is 0.5 to 1%.
- the hypotonic solution is used with a surfactant to increase decellularization efficiency.
- a preferred hypotonic solution may be, for example, 5 to 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), but is not limited thereto.
- the decellularization may be performed by treating the tissue powder in a hypotonic solution for 2 to 6 hours and then in a solution containing a surfactant for 1 to 4 hours, and the process is performed at 4° C. to room temperature (e.g., 4 to 4 h). carried out at 35°C).
- decellularized extracellular matrix powder was finally prepared through freeze-drying, and the powder can be manufactured into a fine powder with a particle size of 25 to 100 ⁇ m or less. If fine particles larger than the above range are used, the biological and physical properties of cells may change, ultimately affecting the regulation of differentiation. In addition, when fine particles smaller than the above range are used, the yield is low due to limitations in the internal manufacturing process and additional time is required, limiting use.
- the collagen, sGAG, and DNA contents of the decellularized extracellular matrix powder prepared through the above process were analyzed.
- the collagen and sGAG contents of the tissue were well maintained even after decellularization, and more than 97% of DNA was removed, confirming that decellularization was successful.
- step (b) is a step of forming a cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly, and the decellularized extracellular matrix powder prepared in step (a) is added to the culture medium containing cells. It is performed by adding and culturing.
- the cells are stem cells, which may be autologous or xenogeneic stem cells, and may specifically be any one or more selected from the group consisting of mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and pluripotent stem cells. It is not limited to this.
- the cells are preferably seeded with 1.5 ⁇ 10 to 4 ⁇ 10 cells and cultured until a culture rate of 90% or more is achieved. If fewer cells are used than the above range, the accumulation of extracellular matrix may be limited and self-assembly may not proceed. Additionally, if a larger number of cells than the above range is used, the supply of oxygen and nutrients to some cells may not be smooth, which may affect the survival rate of the cells.
- the decellularized extracellular matrix powder prepared in step (a) can be added to the culture medium and cultured for a certain period of time.
- the decellularized extracellular matrix powder may be added at a concentration of 0.05 to 3 mg/ml, preferably 1 to 2.5 mg/ml, but is not limited thereto.
- the incubation time may be up to 48 hours, preferably 12 to 24 hours.
- the concentration of the optimized decellularized extracellular matrix powder was determined by analyzing the cell viability of tissue strand ink based on cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly according to the concentration of the decellularized extracellular matrix powder. established.
- the cell survival rate was about 72%, compared to the control group and other concentrations. Significant cell death was observed compared to the extracellular matrix powder treatment group.
- the extracellular matrix powder decellularized in step (b) can not only act as a chemoattractant that attracts cells, but also has a strong binding ability to cells and the ability to promote proliferation and differentiation.
- the decellularized extracellular matrix can create various biomimetic structures because differentiation is induced depending on the type of tissue from which it is derived. Therefore, the decellularized extracellular matrix powder is effective in cell attachment and proliferation, and can especially have a significant impact on the differentiation of stem cells into specific cells.
- step (b) the cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly can be formed in vitro .
- step (b) cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly can be formed by inducing cell proliferation or cell differentiation. After the cells and the decellularized extracellular matrix begin to fuse, if further cultured for a certain period of time, a gradually condensed cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly is produced through self-assembly.
- a water-soluble decellularized extracellular matrix solution may be additionally added to enhance the tissue differentiation ability of the cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly.
- the water-soluble decellularized extracellular matrix solution is, for example, decellularized extracellular matrix powder in a 0.01 M to 0.5 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution or a 0.1 M to 0.5 M acetic acid aqueous solution with pepsin at 4°C to 36°C. It can be prepared by stirring and neutralizing the pH using a NaOH solution.
- the water-soluble decellularized extracellular matrix solution can be used with a dialysis membrane (MWCO: 1,000 to 3000 Da) to remove salt (NaCl) generated during the neutralization process, and the pH is adjusted by adding phosphate buffer solution (PBS). Ion concentration and osmotic pressure can be adjusted.
- PBS phosphate buffer solution
- Ion concentration and osmotic pressure can be adjusted.
- it contains an extracellular matrix derived from the same tissue as the decellularized extracellular matrix powder prepared in step (a), and may be added at a concentration of 50 to 500 ⁇ g/ml, but is not limited thereto. It is preferable that the water-soluble decellularized extracellular matrix solution is added at the time of forming the self-assembly and at each subsequent time when the culture medium in the self-assembly is replaced.
- step (c) is a step of preparing the cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly obtained in step (b) into a tissue strand ink for use in a 3D printing equipment, Through a homogenization process, tissue strand inks are produced that are optimized for use in 3D printing.
- tissue strand ink refers to a three-dimensional tissue culture obtained by homogeneously blending self-assembly in a heterogeneous state.
- step (c) that is, the process of manufacturing the self-assembly with tissue strand ink, involves homogeneously blending the initial immature self-assembly with physical properties suitable for printing. Includes.
- the self-assembly obtained in step (b) is physically/biochemically heterogeneous and has poor printability, so there are limitations in its direct application to 3D printing.
- tissue strand ink was prepared by adjusting the culture period and/or blending process of the cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly, and its printability and cell viability were confirmed.
- the cells and the decellularized extracellular matrix began to fuse, they were cultured for 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 10 days, respectively, and then the printability and cell viability of the tissue strand ink prepared through a blending process were confirmed.
- the culture period of the self-assembly was less than 3 days, proper fusion between cells and extracellular matrix was not achieved, resulting in poor adhesion, making it difficult to form a three-dimensional structure, and the culture period was 10 days. If it exceeds , the bond between the cells and the extracellular matrix is too strong, making it difficult to secure the physical homogeneity of the ink, and it was confirmed that the physical stress in the blending process increased and significant cell death occurred.
- the optimal culture period of self-assemblies for use as tissue strand ink is 2 to 9 days, more preferably 3 to 8 days, and most preferably 3 to 8 days after the cells and decellularized extracellular matrix begin to fuse. It may be 3 to 7 days.
- tissue strand ink were confirmed according to the blending process of the cultured self-assembly.
- the blending process of self-assemblies to produce a homogeneous tissue strand ink can be performed, for example, by passing the cultured self-assemblies through a molecular sieve or syringe nozzle.
- a molecular sieve having a mesh diameter of 50 to 800 ⁇ m, more preferably 100 to 600 ⁇ m, and most preferably 200 to 400 ⁇ m It is suitable to perform blending of self-assembly using, but is not limited to this.
- the blending process using the molecular sieve may be repeated several times until the particle size of the tissue strand ink becomes homogeneous, for example, 1 to 5 times, but is not limited thereto.
- a syringe with a nozzle diameter of 1.0 to 3.0 mm, more preferably 1.0 to 2.7 mm, and most preferably 1.2 to 2.4 mm is used. Therefore, it is suitable to perform blending of self-assembly, but is not limited to this.
- the blending process using the molecular sieve may be repeated several times until the particle size of the tissue strand ink becomes homogeneous, for example, 1 to 5 times, but is not limited thereto.
- step (d) is a step of manufacturing a 3D printed artificial tissue body by applying the tissue strand ink homogenized in step (c) to a 3D printing equipment. Since the cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly-based tissue strand ink applied to the 3D printing equipment in step (d) above contains living cells and extracellular matrix, it must be used as a condition to maximize cell survival during 3D printing. It is desirable to carry out For example, the homogenized tissue strand ink obtained in step (c) is injected into a syringe for 3D printing, with a nozzle size of 200 ⁇ m or more, an air pressure of 20 to 150 Kpa and a pressure of 0.1 to 3 mm/sec. It is desirable to perform 3D printing at printing speed.
- the shape of the artificial tissue manufactured by performing 3D printing under the above conditions was observed and its cell survival rate was confirmed.
- Figure 5a it was possible to produce not only a fine cross-shaped structure of 500 ⁇ m in size, but also a structure as large as 1 cm or more, and as shown in Figure 5b, even after printing, compared to the tissue strand ink, It had a cell survival rate of over 85%.
- the method for producing a 3D printed artificial tissue based on cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly of the present invention is capable of producing tissue strand ink under conditions optimized for use in 3D printing through the homogenization process as described above. And by applying this to 3D printing, it is possible to obtain finely patterned artificial tissues and artificial organs with a width of micrometer units (e.g., 200 to 700 ⁇ m).
- the second aspect of the present invention relates to 3D printed artificial tissues and artificial organs based on cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly manufactured by the above-described method.
- 3D printed artificial tissues and artificial organs based on cell-decellularized extracellular matrix self-assembly manufactured by the above-described method are tissues that can embody the morphological appearance of the original tissue and mimic the biological characteristics of the target organ depending on the origin of the extracellular matrix. Maturation is possible.
- DECM decellularized extracellular matrix
- Bone is from the tibia and femoral condyle, ligaments are from the patella tendon, muscles are from the quadriceps, fibro-cartilage (Meniscus) and cartilage. (Cartilage) Tissue was harvested from the knee using a surgical blade and saw, respectively. Each tissue was washed three times with distilled water and then freeze-dried and freeze-crushed to obtain powder.
- the obtained tissue powder was treated with a hypotonic solution of 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, for 4 hours at room temperature, and then treated with TBS buffer containing 0.1% SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) for 2 hours to decellularize. proceeded. Afterwards, it was washed six times with distilled water to remove SDS, a surfactant component. Finally, to remove genetic material present in the tissue extracellular matrix powder, a solution containing DNA decomposition enzyme (DNAase) was added and stirred for 12 hours. Afterwards, the decellularization process was completed by additional washing with distilled water six times.
- DNAase DNA decomposition enzyme
- the dsDNA content of bone, ligament, muscle, fibro-cartilage, and cartilage tissue extracellular matrix powder after the decellularization process was analyzed using the Picogreen assay.
- pSYMSC porcine synovium-derived stem cells
- pSYMSC porcine synovium-derived stem cells
- the prepared DECM powder derived from each tissue is suspended in cell culture medium at a concentration of 1 mg/ml and cultured for up to 48 hours.
- the stem cells and DECM began to fuse, they were separated from the culture dish using a cell scraper, transferred to a 6-well plate, added with 5 ml of culture medium, and exchanged with new cell culture medium every 3 days.
- cartilage extracellular matrix powder was suspended in cell culture medium to produce self-assembly, and cultured on the 7th day. Live/dead assay was performed.
- DECM-Sol soluble DECM
- RT-qPCR and histological analysis were performed on the 14th day of self-assembly culture.
- DECM-Sol was treated at a concentration of 250 ⁇ g/ml for 2 weeks every time the culture medium was changed from the day the stem cells/DECM started forming self-assembly.
- the self-assembly group additionally treated with DECM-Sol showed a significant increase in the expression of cartilage-specific markers (COL2, SOX9, and ACAN). observed.
- the process of producing tissue strand ink from self-assembly includes a process of homogeneously blending the initial immature self-assembly on the 1st to 10th day of culture with physical properties suitable for printing.
- the adhesiveness and physical strength of the self-assembly increase because the cells and ECM become more aggregated as the culture period increases, and the cell viability in the tissue strand ink may decrease due to the stress generated during the blending process. Therefore, in this example, the yield, cell viability, and printability of the tissue strand ink were evaluated by adjusting the culture period and blending process of the self-assembly to optimize the homogenization process of the cell/DECM self-assembly-based tissue strand ink.
- the tissue strand ink produced as a self-assembly on the first day of culture has weak adhesiveness due to insufficient cohesion between cells and ECM, making it difficult to maintain its shape during printing and easily collapsing its structure. You can. Meanwhile, the printing resolution of the tissue strand ink produced from the self-assembly on the 3rd and 7th day of culture was improved compared to the 1st day group, and it was possible to produce a stable three-dimensional structure.
- tissue strand ink produced as a self-assembly on the 10th day of culture had high physical rigidity due to high cohesion between cells and ECM, and even after the blending process, the ink had poor homogeneity and was not suitable for printing.
- the cell viability after making tissue strand ink through a blending process was evaluated compared to before the process.
- the same weight of self-assembly and tissue strand ink after the blending process were prepared, treated with collagenase for 4 hours, separated into single cells, and trypan blue ( The number of viable cells was measured using a cell counter after treatment with trypan blue solution.
- the cell survival rate is a value expressed as a percentage calculated by calculating the survival rate of the self-assembly before the blending process as 100%.
- the cell survival rate was highest at 85.3% in the group on the first day of culture, and tended to decrease as the culture period increased. Both groups on the 3rd day of culture and the 7th day of culture showed a survival rate of over 70%, and there was no statistical difference between the two groups. Lastly, the group on day 10 of culture showed the lowest cell survival rate at 49.8%.
- the optimal culture period of the self-assembly for use as tissue strand ink is 2 to 9 days after the cells and the decellularized extracellular matrix begin to fuse.
- the blending process of the self-assembly can be performed using a molecular sieve with a mesh diameter in the micrometer unit, or by repeatedly penetrating the self-assembly through a syringe connector connected to a nozzle with a millimeter-sized diameter. .
- the cultured self-assembly was penetrated through a molecular sieve or a syringe nozzle and then the yield, cell viability, and printability of the tissue strand ink were evaluated.
- the self-assembly was placed on a sterilized sieve and then moved left and right using a cell scraper to penetrate the sieve.
- molecular sieves were used with mesh diameters of 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 ⁇ m, respectively, and the yield, cell viability, and printability of the tissue strand ink according to the mesh diameter were confirmed.
- the yield of tissue strand ink was evaluated by calculating the weight of tissue strand ink obtained after the blending process as a percentage, based on 1 g of self-assembly as 100%.
- the yield of tissue strand ink tended to decrease as the mesh diameter of the molecular sieve became smaller.
- Example 4-1 Cell viability was confirmed in the same manner as Example 4-1. As confirmed in the middle graph of Figure 4b, cell viability tended to increase as the mesh diameter of the molecular sieve increased. When a mesh diameter of 50 ⁇ m was used, the cell survival rate was about 44.7% and significant cell death was observed. However, at a mesh diameter of 100 ⁇ m or more, a cell survival rate of more than 70% was observed, and in the 800 ⁇ m group, the cell survival rate was about 83.8%. was observed.
- Printability was determined by linearly printing a 4 ⁇ 4 mm square structure and then analyzing the area of the structure actually formed after printing compared to the designed pore size using image analysis software to calculate the printing precision as a percentage. As confirmed in the right graph of Figure 4b, when a molecular sieve with a 50 ⁇ m mesh diameter was used, the printability was the best at 88.5%, and gradually decreased as the mesh diameter increased, and when a molecular sieve with a 50 ⁇ m mesh diameter was used, the printability was the best at 88.5%, and gradually decreased as the mesh diameter increased. When used, it decreased to 7.8%. Overall, as the mesh diameter increases, yield and cell viability increase, but printability tends to decrease.
- a homogeneous tissue strand ink was produced by repeating movements in the syringe connector nozzle.
- nozzles with diameters of 1.2, 1.4, and 2.4 mm were used, respectively, and the yield, cell viability, and printability of the tissue strand ink according to the nozzle diameter were confirmed.
- the tissue strand ink produced in Example 5 was finally filled into a printing syringe to produce an artificial tissue body with a three-dimensional shape (FIG. 5a).
- the printing conditions were set as follows.
- the nozzle size was 200 ⁇ m or more and 80 Kpa to maximize cell survival during printing.
- An air pressure of less than 1 mm/sec and a printing speed of 1 mm/sec were used.
- SDS-PAGE analysis was performed to analyze the protein cargo profile of artificial tissues printed with each tissue-specific tissue strand ink.
- the degree of realization of the parent tissue of the artificial tissue was evaluated through quantitative evaluation of collagen and GAG, the main components of musculoskeletal tissue ECM.
- the collagen content of the printed artificial tissue was 60-170% compared to the parent tissue (compared to the parent tissue, cartilage: 172%, meniscus: 124%, bone: 96%, ligament: 100%, muscle: 61%).
- sGAG was contained at a level of 30-100% compared to the parent tissue (compared to the parent tissue, cartilage: 76%, meniscus: 46%, bone: 32%, ligament : 103%, muscle: 57%).
- the construct was cultured in differentiation medium for 4 weeks after printing and then biochemical and histological analysis of the construct was performed.
- the RT-qPCR results of the artificial tissue produced using fibro-cartilage DECM powder showed that the gene expression of type 2 collagen, which is abundant in fibro-cartilage, was significantly higher than that of the control group produced using only cells. increased, and immunofluorescence staining results also confirmed that protein expression increased.
- the RT-qPCR results of the artificial tissue produced using DECM powder derived from bone tissue showed significant gene expression of type 1 collagen, a major component of bone tissue, compared to the control group produced using only cells. increased, and it was confirmed that ALP also increased.
- As a result of histological analysis through H&E staining it was confirmed that DECM powder and stem cells were homogeneously distributed to form artificial tissues, and the expression of alizarin red, which indicates calcium accumulation, was higher than that in the control group. An increase was confirmed.
- the RT-qPCR results of artificial tissues produced using ligament-derived DECM powder showed significant expression of type 1 collagen and SCX genes, which are major ECM components of ligaments, compared to the control group produced using only cells. It was confirmed that it increased.
- DECM powder and cells were homogeneously distributed to form an artificial tissue, and evaluation through immunochemical staining also confirmed that type 1 collagen was accumulated within the artificial tissue. .
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Abstract
Description
Claims (16)
- 다음의 단계를 포함하는, 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 자가조립체 기반 3D 프린팅 인공 조직체의 제조방법:(a) 조직 유래 세포외기질 (Extracellular matrix, ECM)을 탈세포화 및 분말화하여 탈세포화 세포외기질 (Decellularized extracellular matrix, DECM) 분말을 제조하는 단계;(b) 세포를 포함하는 배양액에 상기 탈세포화된 세포외기질 분말을 첨가한 후 배양하여 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 자가조립체를 형성하는 단계;(c) 상기 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 자가조립체를 균질화하여 조직 가닥 잉크로 제조하는 단계; 및(d) 상기 균질화된 조직 가닥 잉크를 3D 프린팅 장비에 적용하여 3D 프린팅 인공 조직체를 제조하는 단계.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (a) 단계의 조직은 골, 인대, 근육, 섬유-연골 또는 연골인 것인, 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 자가조립체 기반 3D 프린팅 인공 조직체의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (b) 단계에서 세포는 줄기세포인 것인, 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 자가조립체 기반 3D 프린팅 인공 조직체의 제조방법.
- 제3항에 있어서, 상기 줄기세포는 중간엽 줄기세포, 배아 줄기세포 및 역분화 줄기세포로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 이상인 것인, 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 자가조립체 기반 3D 프린팅 인공 조직체의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (b) 단계에서 탈세포화된 세포외기질 분말은 0.05 내지 3 mg/ml의 농도로 첨가하는 것인, 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 자가조립체 기반 3D 프린팅 인공 조직체의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (b) 단계에서 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 자가조립체는 생체 외 (in vitro)에서 형성되는 것인, 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 자가조립체 기반 3D 프린팅 인공 조직체의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (b) 단계에서 세포증식 또는 세포분화 유도에 의해 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 분말 자가조립체를 형성하는 것인, 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 자가조립체 기반 3D 프린팅 인공 조직체의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (b) 단계에 수용화된 탈세포화 세포외기질 용액을 추가로 첨가하는 것을 포함하는, 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 자가조립체 기반 3D 프린팅 인공 조직체의 제조방법.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상기 수용화된 탈세포화 세포외기질 용액은 50 내지 500 μg/ml의 농도로 첨가되는 것인, 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 자가조립체 기반 3D 프린팅 인공 조직체의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (b) 단계는 세포와 탈세포화된 세포외기질 분말이 융합하기 시작한 후 2일 내지 9일 동안 배양하는 것인, 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 자가조립체 기반 3D 프린팅 인공 조직체의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (c) 단계의 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 자가조립체를 균질화하는 것은 상기 (b) 단계 이후 수득된 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 자가조립체를 분자체 (Molecular sieve)에 통과시키거나, 또는 노즐로 연결된 주사기 커넥터에 관통시켜 블렌딩하는 (Blending) 것인, 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 자가조립체 기반 3D 프린팅 인공 조직체의 제조방법.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 분자체의 메쉬 직경은 50 내지 800 ㎛이고, 상기 주사기 커넥터에 연결된 노즐의 직경은 1.0 내지 3.0 mm인 것인, 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 자가조립체 기반 3D 프린팅 인공 조직체의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (d) 단계에서 제조된 조직 가닥 잉크는 3D 프린팅용 주사기에 주입하여, 200 μm 이상의 노즐 크기, 20 내지 150 Kpa 미만의 공압 (Air pressure) 및 0.1 내지 3 mm/초의 프린팅 속도로 3D 프린팅을 수행하는 것인, 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 자가조립체 기반 3D 프린팅 인공 조직체의 제조방법.
- 제1항 내지 제13항 중 어느 한 항의 방법으로 제조된 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 자가조립체 기반 3D 프린팅 인공 조직체.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 인공 조직체는 기원 조직의 생화학적 특성을 나타내는 것인, 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 자가조립체 기반 3D 프린팅 인공 조직체.
- 제1항 내지 제13항 중 어느 한 항의 방법으로 제조된 세포-탈세포화 세포외기질 자가조립체 기반 3D 프린팅 인공 장기.
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| JP2024563713A JP2025515504A (ja) | 2022-04-28 | 2023-04-26 | 細胞外基質で誘導された自己組織体基盤3dプリント人工組織の製造方法およびこれから製造された人工組織 |
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| KR10-2022-0052962 | 2022-04-28 |
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| KR20210037242A (ko) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-04-06 | 아주대학교산학협력단 | 세포외기질로 유도된 자가조립체 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 인공조직 제조 |
| KR20220038705A (ko) * | 2019-07-22 | 2022-03-29 | 폴바이오니카 에스피. 제트 오.오. | 3d 프린팅을 위한 무세제 탈세포화 세포외 기질 제조 방법 및 바이오잉크 |
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| KR20220038705A (ko) * | 2019-07-22 | 2022-03-29 | 폴바이오니카 에스피. 제트 오.오. | 3d 프린팅을 위한 무세제 탈세포화 세포외 기질 제조 방법 및 바이오잉크 |
| KR20210037242A (ko) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-04-06 | 아주대학교산학협력단 | 세포외기질로 유도된 자가조립체 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 인공조직 제조 |
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| KAROLY JAKAB, CYRILLE NOROTTE, FRANCOISE MARGA, KEITH MURPHY, GORDANA VUNJAK-NOVAKOVIC, GABOR FORGACS: "Tissue engineering by self-assembly and bio-printing of living cells", BIOFABRICATION, INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING LTD., UK, vol. 2, no. 2, 1 June 2010 (2010-06-01), UK , pages 022001, XP055450043, ISSN: 1758-5082, DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/2/2/022001 * |
| SEVILLA CARLOS A., DALECKI DIANE, HOCKING DENISE C.: "Extracellular Matrix Fibronectin Stimulates the Self-Assembly of Microtissues on Native Collagen Gels", TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A, MARY ANN LIEBERT, US, vol. 16, no. 12, 1 December 2010 (2010-12-01), US , pages 3805 - 3819, XP093102680, ISSN: 1937-3341, DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0316 * |
| YU YIN, MONCAL KAZIM K., LI JIANQIANG, PENG WEIJIE, RIVERO IRIS, MARTIN JAMES A., OZBOLAT IBRAHIM T.: "Three-dimensional bioprinting using self-assembling scalable scaffold-free "tissue strands" as a new bioink", SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, vol. 6, no. 1, XP093102676, DOI: 10.1038/srep28714 * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| KR20230153558A (ko) | 2023-11-07 |
| US20250297230A1 (en) | 2025-09-25 |
| JP2025515504A (ja) | 2025-05-15 |
| KR102820825B1 (ko) | 2025-06-16 |
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