WO2023207034A1 - 铲件机构、3d打印机和3d打印方法 - Google Patents

铲件机构、3d打印机和3d打印方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023207034A1
WO2023207034A1 PCT/CN2022/131986 CN2022131986W WO2023207034A1 WO 2023207034 A1 WO2023207034 A1 WO 2023207034A1 CN 2022131986 W CN2022131986 W CN 2022131986W WO 2023207034 A1 WO2023207034 A1 WO 2023207034A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shovel
receiving
printing
platform
printer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/131986
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘军华
周佳婧
刘青山
苏树添
黄炳良
李开武
Original Assignee
广州黑格智造信息科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202210450165.3A external-priority patent/CN114734639B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202210450163.4A external-priority patent/CN114734637A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202210450161.5A external-priority patent/CN114770947A/zh
Application filed by 广州黑格智造信息科技有限公司 filed Critical 广州黑格智造信息科技有限公司
Publication of WO2023207034A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023207034A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/379Handling of additively manufactured objects, e.g. using robots

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of 3D printing technology, specifically to a shovel mechanism, a 3D printer and a 3D printing method.
  • the purpose of this application includes providing a shovel mechanism, a 3D printer and a 3D printing method, which can enable the printer to automatically remove the manufactured three-dimensional printed parts in a standardized manner, which makes the printing operation more efficient, and Print quality is more stable.
  • this application provides a shovel mechanism for use in a 3D printer.
  • the 3D printer includes a molding platform.
  • the molding platform has a molding surface.
  • the molding surface is configured to attach printed parts.
  • the shovel mechanism includes a shovel component and a connector component.
  • the shovel assembly includes a shovel and a shovel driving assembly, the shovel is configured to peel the printed part from the forming surface; the shovel driving assembly is configured to drive at least one of the shovel and the forming platform, so that the shovel and The molding platform moves relatively to peel the printed parts from the molding surface with a spatula; the connector assembly includes a connector and a connector drive assembly, and the connector has a material receiving position and is configured to accept the peeling from the molding surface at the material receiving position. of printed parts; the connector driving assembly is configured to drive the connector to move to the material receiving position.
  • this application provides a 3D printer, including the shovel mechanism of the second aspect.
  • the 3D printer also includes a material tray and a forming platform.
  • the material tray is configured to hold printing materials.
  • the forming platform has a forming surface and is configured In order to adhere the printing material to the forming surface layer by layer to obtain a printed part, the shovel mechanism is located between the material tray and the forming platform.
  • this application provides a 3D printing method, applied to a 3D printer.
  • the 3D printer includes a forming platform, a receiving part and a shovel.
  • the forming platform has a forming surface configured to attach the printed part, and the receiving part has a material receiving position.
  • the 3D printing method includes: controlling the movement of the receiving part to the material receiving position; controlling the sliding of the shovel on the molding surface to peel the printed part from the forming surface to the receiving part; controlling the movement of the receiving part holding the printed part to move away from the material receiving position Bit.
  • the shovel mechanism provided by this application includes a shovel assembly and a connector assembly.
  • the shovel assembly is configured to peel the printed parts from the molding surface.
  • the connector assembly is configured to receive the printed parts at the material receiving position and remove the printed parts from the connecting part.
  • the material level is sent out.
  • the 3D printer provided by this application includes a forming platform, a material tray and the above-mentioned shovel mechanism.
  • the 3D printer provided by this application can implement the above-mentioned 3D printing method, so it also has high operating efficiency, reduces the pollution of printing materials to people or equipment, and can realize unattended printing operations and other beneficial effects.
  • the 3D printing method provided by this application includes controlling the movement of the receiving part to the material receiving position, controlling the sliding of the shovel on the molding surface to peel the printed part from the molding surface to the receiving part, and controlling the receiving part with the printed part. Move away from the material receiving position.
  • This 3D printing method can automatically peel the printed parts from the molding platform, improving printing efficiency. This method can avoid contamination of people or equipment caused by manual shoveling. At the same time, because the entire process of shoveling, picking up and sending out printed parts in this 3D printing method is automated, it can be used when the printer is unattended. Carry out operations and reduce labor costs.
  • Figure 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a 3D printer in an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the forming platform and the shovel mechanism in an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3 is a first schematic diagram of the shovel mechanism in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a second schematic diagram of the shovel mechanism in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic assembly diagram of the shovel assembly and the transmission block in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the contact between the shovel mechanism (partial part) and the forming platform in an embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the side of the shovel facing the molding surface parallel to the molding surface in an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the contact between the shovel and the forming platform when the adjustment component only includes the first elastic member in an embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a shovel according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figures 10a to 10c are schematic diagrams of a shovel during the shoveling process according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a shovel with an inclined blade according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a shovel member with an arc-shaped blade in an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a card reader in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the forming platform and related structures in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of a material tray and related structures in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 16 is a first schematic diagram of a connector assembly in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 17 is a second schematic diagram of the connector assembly in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the receiving member flipping over in another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of various sensors of the shovel mechanism in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the state before the material tray is fixed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the state after the material tray is fixed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the floating mechanism and the magnet attracting each other in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the base plate and the floating mechanism in one embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the automatic liquid adding mechanism from a first perspective in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 25 is a schematic assembly diagram of the transfer liquid adding component of the automatic liquid adding mechanism in one embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 26 is an exploded view of the transfer liquid filling component of the automatic liquid filling mechanism in one embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of the automatic liquid adding mechanism from a second perspective in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 28 is a flow chart of a 3D printing method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 29 is a flow chart for controlling the approach of the forming platform and the shovel to each other and obtaining the pressure between the shovel and the forming surface in an embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of different postures of the scooping mechanism at each node of the scooping process in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Icon 010-printer; 020-printed parts; 100-cabinet; 110-operating mechanism; 200-forming platform; 210-forming surface; 220-platform label; 230-platform card reader; 300-shovel mechanism; 310- Shovel assembly; 320-shovel assembly; 321-shovel; 3211-blade; 3212-first surface; 3213-second surface; 3214-slope; 322-knife holder; 323-adjustment component; 3231-first Elastic part; 3232-adjustment part; 324-liquid-resisting part; 325-shovel label; 326-shield; 330-shovel drive assembly; 331-power module; 332-transmission module; 333-power receiving unit; 3331-driving wheel; 3332-driven wheel; 3333-transmission belt; 334-transmission shaft; 335-synchronous transmission unit; 3351-transmission wheel; 3352-synchronous wheel; 3353-synchronous belt; 336-slide rail; 337-sliding seat;
  • 3D printers in the prior art use curable printing materials to print three-dimensional prints layer by layer on a molding platform. After the printing of the printed parts is completed, the printed parts need to be removed from the forming platform, but the currently used method is to manually shovel the parts. The operator shovels the printed parts from the forming platform by holding a shovel. This approach has the following disadvantages:
  • the printer requires personnel to be on duty. Every time a print is completed, manual shoveling is required before the next print can be printed. The labor cost is high and the efficiency of the printing job is relatively low;
  • embodiments of the present application provide a shoveling mechanism, a 3D printer and a 3D printing method, which can automatically separate the printed parts on the forming platform and avoid manual shoveling. Standardized shoveling operations are realized, which is conducive to improving efficiency, reducing labor costs and avoiding contamination of people and equipment.
  • the 3D printer provided by the embodiment of the present application is first introduced below.
  • FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of the 3D printer 010 in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the forming platform 200 and the shovel mechanism 300 in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the 3D printer 010 (hereinafter referred to as the printer 010) provided by the embodiment of the present application may include a cabinet 100 and a molding platform 200 disposed in the cabinet 100, a shovel mechanism 300, a substrate 500, and a lighting mechanism. (not shown in the figure), the material tray 700 (see Figure 19) and the platform driving mechanism 800.
  • the molding platform 200 and the material tray 700 can be disposed on one side of the base plate 500
  • the illumination mechanism can be disposed on the other side of the base plate 500 .
  • various mechanisms of the 3D printer 010 cooperate with each other to shape the printing material into the required printed parts.
  • the molding platform 200 may have a molding surface 210 (see Figure 10a).
  • the molding surface 210 may be used for attaching printed parts, and the platform driving mechanism 800 may be used to drive the molding platform 200 to move.
  • the platform driving mechanism 800 can be used to drive the molding platform 200 to move in the first direction (that is, the direction pointed by the arrow cd in the figure), and the movement path of the molding platform 200 can be linear.
  • the first direction may be perpendicular to the board surface of the substrate 500
  • the molding surface 210 of the molding platform 200 may be the lower surface of the molding platform 200 , and may be opposite to the board surface of the substrate 500 .
  • the printed parts may be solidified on the molding surface 210 layer by layer, and as the printed parts are formed layer by layer, the molding platform 200 gradually rises.
  • the substrate 500 can have a light-transmitting area 510
  • the material tray 700 can be placed at the light-transmitting area 510
  • the material of the corresponding light-transmitting area 510 of the material tray 700 can be a transparent material
  • the material tray 700 can be used for Holds printing materials.
  • the printing material used by the printer 010 provided in the embodiment of the present application may be a liquid photosensitive material, such as photosensitive resin.
  • the printing material can be solidified by irradiation with light of a certain wavelength, thereby forming a solid print with a certain strength.
  • the illumination mechanism can be disposed below the substrate 500 corresponding to the light-transmitting area 510, and can emit light that can solidify the printing material.
  • the material tray 700 and the forming platform 200 can be located above the substrate 500 .
  • the platform driving mechanism 800 can drive the molding platform 200 to move close to the material tray 700, so that the molding surface 210 is immersed in the printing material carried by the material tray 700, and the light from the illumination mechanism can pass through the light-transmitting area 510 and illuminate into the material tray 700, so that the printing material located between the bottom of the material tray 700 and the molding surface 210 is solidified, and solidified on the molding surface 210 of the molding platform 200, or solidified on the previous layer that has been solidified on the molding surface 210. on printed materials.
  • the shovel mechanism 300 can be located between the forming platform 200 and the material tray 700 , and can be used to automatically remove the printed parts from the forming surface 210 after printing is completed. Peeling off allows the forming platform 200 to continue to be used to print the next printed part, without the operator having to manually remove the forming platform 200 from the printer 010 to perform a shovel operation.
  • the scoop mechanism 300 may include a scoop assembly 310 and an adapter assembly 350 .
  • the shovel assembly 310 may include a shovel assembly 320 and a shovel driving assembly 330 .
  • the shovel assembly 320 may include a shovel 321 .
  • the shovel driving assembly 330 can be used to drive at least one of the shovel 321 and the forming platform 200 so that relative movement can occur between the shovel 321 and the forming platform 200 to peel the printed part from the forming surface 210 through the shovel 321 .
  • the shovel driving assembly 330 can be used to drive the shovel 321 to move, so that the shovel 321 slides on the forming surface 210 of the forming platform 200, thereby peeling off the printed parts from the forming surface 210. .
  • the shovel driving assembly 330 can drive the shovel 321 to move along a straight line.
  • the shovel 321 can move in the second direction (the direction indicated by the arrow ef in the figure).
  • the second direction may be perpendicular to the first direction and parallel to the forming surface 210 .
  • the shovel 321 is a shovel with a blade, and the shovel has the advantages of high strength and good durability.
  • the shovel driving assembly 330 may include a power module 331 , a transmission module 332 , a slide rail 336 and a sliding seat 337 .
  • the shovel 321 can be installed on the sliding seat 337, and the sliding seat 337 can be slidably connected to the sliding rail 336.
  • the transmission module 332 is transmission connected to the power module 331 and the sliding seat 337 respectively, and is configured to receive the power output by the power module 331 to drive the sliding seat 337 to drive the shovel 321 to move along the slide rail 336 .
  • the power module 331 may be a motor, such as a stepper motor, or other mechanisms capable of providing power.
  • the number of the slide rails 336 and the sliding seats 337 can each be two, and the two slide rails 336 and the two sliding seats 337 correspond one to one.
  • the two slide rails 336 can be arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and the two sliding seats 337 can be slidably connected to the corresponding slide rails 336 respectively.
  • the shovel 321 can be in the shape of a strip as a whole, and its length direction can be perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction. Both ends of the shovel 321 along its length direction can be respectively installed on two spaced apart sliding seats 337. , so that it can move smoothly driven by the two sliding seats 337.
  • the transmission module 332 may include a power receiving unit 333 and a synchronous transmission unit 335.
  • the power receiving unit 333 can be connected to the power module 331 and the synchronous transmission unit 335 respectively to receive the power output by the power module 331 and transmit it to the synchronous transmission unit 335;
  • the synchronous transmission unit 335 can be transmission connected to the sliding seat 337 to The driving sliding seat 337 slides on the slide rail 336, and then drives the shovel 321 to move through the transmission seat.
  • the power receiving unit 333 may include a driving wheel 3331, a transmission belt 3333, and a driven wheel 3332.
  • the driving wheel 3331 can be connected to the output end of the power module 331
  • the driven wheel 3332 can be connected to the driving wheel 3331 through the transmission belt 3333, so that the power output by the power module 331 can be transmitted to the driven wheel 3332 through the driving wheel 3331.
  • the synchronous transmission unit 335 may include a transmission shaft 334, two transmission wheels 3351, two synchronous wheels 3352 and two synchronous belts 3353, and the two transmission wheels 3351, the two synchronous wheels 3352 and the two synchronous belts 3353 correspond to each other one by one.
  • the driven wheel 3332 is sleeved on the periphery of the transmission shaft 334, so that the transmission shaft 334 can rotate synchronously with the driven wheel 3332.
  • the two transmission wheels 3351 are respectively sleeved on the periphery of both ends of the transmission shaft 334 and rotate synchronously with the transmission shaft 334 . Further, the two synchronous wheels 3352 can be connected to the corresponding transmission wheel 3351 through the corresponding synchronous belt 3353, thereby achieving synchronous rotation.
  • each sliding seat 337 can be transmission connected with the corresponding synchronous belt 3353, so that it can slide along the direction defined by the slide rail 336 under the driving of the synchronous belt 3353, thereby realizing the synchronous movement of the shovel 321.
  • the transmission mode of the transmission module 332 is transmission between a gear and a gear belt.
  • the sliding seat 337 may include a sliding block 338, wherein the sliding block 338 may include a serrated engaging portion, and can pass through the The meshing portion meshes with the saw teeth on the corresponding synchronous belt 3353, thereby realizing transmission between the synchronous belt 3353 and the slider 338.
  • the sliding seat 337 may also include a transmission block 339, which is connected to the slide block 338 on one side and the shovel assembly 320 on the other side, and is disposed on the side of the slide block 338 close to the meshing portion, and It is arranged on the side of the synchronous belt 3353 away from the slide block 338 , so that the synchronous belt 3353 is sandwiched between the slide block 338 and the transmission block 339 .
  • the slide block 338 and the transmission block 339 can be connected through screws, and the connection between the two applies pressure to the synchronous belt 3353 sandwiched between them, so that the transmission between the meshing part and the synchronous belt 3353 is more efficient. Reliable and not easy to loosen.
  • the power module 331 and the transmission module 332 can be a motor and a screw rod respectively, and are further connected to the shovel 321 or the installation structure of the shovel 321 through a nut, thereby driving the shovel 321 .
  • the slide rail may not be provided, and the shovel 321 or the installation structure of the shovel 321 is directly connected to the screw rod to drive the shovel 321 to move; a slide rail similar to the previous embodiment may also be provided.
  • the screw rod can be connected to the sliding seat 337 and configured to drive the sliding seat 337 to move along the slide rail 336, thereby driving the shovel 321.
  • the sliding seat 337 may not include the above-mentioned sliding block 338 and the transmission block 339 but may be an integral structure, and the shovel 321 or the installation structure of the shovel 321 may be directly installed on the sliding seat 337.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the shovel assembly 320 and the transmission block 339 in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the contact between the shovel mechanism 300 (partially) and the forming platform 200 in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the shovel assembly 320 may further include a knife seat 322 , and the shovel 321 may be installed on the transmission block 339 through the knife seat 322 .
  • the number of tool holders 322 may be two, corresponding to the two ends of the shovel 321 and the two transmission blocks 339 respectively, and the two ends of the shovel 321 are respectively installed on the two corresponding tool holders 322 .
  • the two tool holders 322 can be rotatably connected to the corresponding transmission blocks 339 respectively.
  • the extension direction of the two tool holders 322 relative to the rotation axis of the transmission block 339 is consistent with the length direction of the shovel 321 , that is, perpendicular to the moving direction of the shovel 321 .
  • the shovel 321 in this embodiment is a blade
  • the shovel 321 can rotate around its length direction, thereby enabling the shovel 321 to adjust its elevation angle.
  • the cutting angle of the shovel 321 (the angle with the forming surface 210) can be adjusted to meet the needs of different usage scenarios.
  • the blade 3211 of the shovel 321 can be attached to the molding surface 210 to achieve a better shovel effect.
  • the molding surface 210 of the molding platform 200 is facing downward, the blade 3211 can be passed between the knife seat 322 and the transmission block 339.
  • the rotary connection between the shovel 321 is adjusted to adjust the state of the shovel 321 so that one side of the blade 3211 of the shovel 321 is tilted upward, that is, one side of the blade 3211 is at a high point relative to other parts of the shovel 321, or at least remains horizontal, so that Make the blade 3211 better contact the molding surface 210.
  • the shovel assembly 320 may also include an adjustment assembly 323 , one end of the knife base 322 is rotatably connected to the transmission block 339 , and the other end of the knife base 322 can cooperate with the adjustment assembly 323 , the shovel 321 is fixedly connected to the knife seat 322, and the adjustment component 323 can be used to adjust the rotation angle of the knife seat 322 relative to the transmission block 339 to adjust the inclination angle of the shovel 321 relative to the forming surface 210.
  • the adjustment assembly 323 can be used to make the shovel 321 face the forming surface 210 at a certain angle with the forming surface 210 , or as shown in Figure 7 , the shovel 321 can be adjusted towards the forming surface 210 to be parallel to the molding surface 210.
  • the adjustment component 323 includes a first elastic member 3231 , one end of the first elastic member 3231 can contact the knife seat 322 , and the other end can contact the transmission block 339 .
  • the first elastic member 3231 can exert a force on the tool seat 322 toward the molding surface 210 , thereby tending to increase the inclination angle of the scraper 321 relative to the molding surface 210 .
  • the first elastic member 3231 has a tendency to push the blade holder 322 to rotate counterclockwise. Therefore, when the blade 3211 of the shovel 321 contacts the molding surface 210, the first elastic member 3231 presses the shovel 321 against the molding surface. 210, and can maintain a certain pressure, which can ensure the effect of the shovel.
  • the first elastic member 3231 is deformable, so that the shovel 321 has a certain space for movement when shoveling, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the shovel 321 caused by excessive stress when the forming platform 200 is pressed against the shovel 321 risk.
  • the first elastic member 3231 may be a compression spring.
  • the inclination angle between the shovel 321 and the molding surface 210 should not be too large, otherwise it will easily lead to excessive force between the shovel 321 and the printed part when sliding on the molding surface 210. And it is easy to damage the printed product or the blade 3211 of the shovel 321.
  • the inclination angle between the shovel 321 and the forming surface 210 is too large, it may also cause the blade 3211 of the shovel 321 to be damaged due to large stress during the process of approaching and pressing the shovel 321 and the forming surface 210 (such as rolling blade).
  • the adjustment assembly 323 may also include an adjustment member 3232, the distance of the adjustment member 3232 relative to the transmission block 339 is adjustable, and the adjustment member 3232 may be used to abut the side of the knife seat 322 away from the first elastic member 3231,
  • the rotation range of the tool holder 322 is limited to limit the elevation angle of the shovel 321 , that is, the maximum inclination angle of the shovel 321 relative to the forming surface 210 is limited.
  • the adjusting member 3232 in this embodiment can be an adjusting bolt.
  • the screw rod of the adjusting bolt can partially penetrate the knife seat 322 and the compression spring and be screwed to the transmission block 339.
  • the head of the adjusting bolt is configured to abut the knife. Block 322. It can be seen that when the first elastic member 3231 has sufficient compression elastic force, the adjusting bolt abuts the knife seat 322, thereby limiting the maximum elevation angle of the shovel 321, that is, limiting the pre-assembly angle of the shovel 321. By twisting the adjusting bolt, the pre-installed angle of the shovel 321 is adjustable.
  • the first elastic member 3231 can be further compressed, so that the inclination angle between the shovel 321 and the forming surface 210 is reduced to an angle that is beneficial to the shovel through the rotation of the tool base 322. .
  • the adjustment component 323 may only include the first elastic member 3231, in which case the knife base 322 is not restricted by the adjustment member 3232.
  • the maximum extension of the first elastic member 3231 should be limited to a reasonable range to prevent the tool holder 322 and the shovel 321 from overturning when they are not pressed against the forming platform 200 .
  • the adjustment component 323 may only include the first elastic member 3231 , and the knife holder 322 is provided with a structural hard limit relative to the transmission block 339 , so that the knife holder 322 rotates counterclockwise to a certain angle.
  • the transmission block 339 is in contact and cannot continue to rotate, thereby limiting the maximum rotation angle of the tool holder 322 relative to the transmission block 339, and limiting the maximum elevation angle of the shovel 321, so that the shovel 321 and the tool holder 322 will not flip over during the assembly stage. Excessive size may cause inconvenience in assembly.
  • the hard limit of this structure allows the tool holder 322 to rotate counterclockwise up to 7°.
  • the first elastic member 3231 is not limited to a compression spring, but may also be an elastic component such as rubber or a torsion spring.
  • the shovel 321 may be strip-shaped and include two ends disposed along its length direction.
  • the blade 3211 of the shovel 321 may extend along the length direction of the shovel 321 and be disposed at both ends of the shovel 321 . between departments.
  • the shovel assembly 320 may further include a liquid blocking member 324, which may be disposed on the shovel 321 and may be configured to block the shovel 321 during the shoveling process.
  • the liquid on the scraper 321 flows toward both ends of the shovel 321 .
  • the number of liquid blocking members 324 may be two, and the part of the shovel 321 between the two liquid blocking members 324 is used as a shovel member.
  • the liquid printing material can be blocked by the liquid blocking member 324 to prevent it from flowing along the shovel 321 to both ends of the shovel 321 or dripping onto the shovel. outside the receiving piece 351 below the tool 321, causing equipment contamination.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the shovel 321 in an embodiment of the present application
  • Figures 10a to 10c are schematic diagrams of the shovel 321 in the shoveling process in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the shovel 321 has a first surface 3212 and a second surface 3213 that are opposite to each other, and a slope 3214 connecting the first surface 3212 and the second surface 3213.
  • the angle between the surface 3214 and the first surface 3212 is an acute angle.
  • the intersection of the slope 3214 and the first surface 3212 forms the blade 3211 of the shovel 321.
  • the angle between the slope 3214 and the first surface 3212 is an acute angle. horn.
  • the blade 3211 contacts the molding surface 210
  • the first surface 3212 faces the molding surface 210
  • the second surface 3213 faces away from the molding surface 210.
  • the slope 3214 is tilted downward.
  • the slope 3214 of the shovel 321 can be opposite to the printed part 020. The part 020 is guided so that it can be peeled off from the molding surface 210 smoothly.
  • the lateral length of the slope 3214 can be consistent with the length of the shovel 321; it can also be arranged on only one section of the shovel 321 (meaning that the length of the blade 3211 is smaller than the length of the shovel 321). For example, it can be arranged only on two liquid-proof sections.
  • the area between the components 324 can also be set as shown in Figure 9 according to actual needs, and is not limited here.
  • the blade 3211 of the shovel 321 is in contact with the forming surface 210, and the inclination angle between the slope 3214 and the forming surface 210 is the cutting angle (angle A in Figures 10a to 10c). The cutting angle needs to be controlled within a reasonable range.
  • a smaller cutting angle can make the shovel work smoother, and the probability of the printed part 020 being torn is smaller; but an cutting angle that is too small requires the shovel 321 to be
  • the blade angle is also relatively small, and the smaller blade angle is prone to chipping or curling of the blade.
  • the cutting angle when shoveling, can be controlled to be between 15° and 20°, so the edge angle of the scraping tool 321 should be less than or equal to the cutting angle.
  • the cross section of the shovel 321 may be a right-angled trapezoid, which refers to a cross section perpendicular to the length direction of the shovel 321 and located at the position of the blade 3211 .
  • the oblique waist of the right-angled trapezoid in cross-section corresponds to the slope 3214 of the shovel 321
  • the bottom edge of the right-angled trapezoid corresponds to the first surface 3212 of the shovel 321
  • the top edge of the right-angled trapezoid corresponds to the second surface 3213 of the shovel 321 .
  • the blade 3211 of the shovel 321 may be a straight blade 3211, and the way in which it contacts the molding surface 210 is line contact.
  • the edge of the contact surface between the printed part 020 to be peeled off and the molding surface 210 also has a straight line and is perpendicular to the driving direction of the shovel driving assembly 330 (that is, the moving direction of the shovel 321), it may cause the shovel 321 to When the blade 3211 contacts the edge of the printed part 020, it is a line contact. At this time, the force between the shovel 321 and the printed part 020 is relatively large. The blade 3211 of the shovel 321 is embedded into the printed part 020 and the molding surface under greater resistance. between 210.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a shovel member 321 with an inclined blade 3211 in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a top view viewed from the side where the molding platform 200 is located.
  • the linear blade 3211 of the shovel 321 can be tilted toward the driving direction of the shovel driving assembly 330 .
  • the blade 3211 of the shovel 321 is still in line contact with the molding surface 210, but when the edge of the printed part 020 is a straight line and perpendicular to the moving direction of the shovel 321, the shovel 321 can move from the straight line of the printed part 020 Start cutting in at one end of the edge.
  • This shovel method can make the initial contact between the blade 3211 and the printed part 020 be point contact, and the interaction force between the printed part 020 and the shovel 321 is small.
  • the movement direction of the scraper 321 relative to the printed piece 020 has a component in the extending direction of the blade 3211, so it has a transverse cutting effect, which is also conducive to reducing the gap between the printed piece and the scraper 321. force between.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a shovel member 321 having an arc-shaped blade 3211 in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a top view viewed from the side where the molding platform 200 is located.
  • the blade 3211 of the shovel 321 can also be set as an arc-shaped blade 3211 .
  • the front end of the blade 3211 first contacts the edge of the printed part 020 and gradually cuts in from a point.
  • This method can also reduce the friction between the shovel 321 and the printed part 020 in the initial stage of shoveling. The contact force makes the printed part 020 easier to shovel off.
  • the shape of the connection part between the printed part 020 and the molding surface 210 may also be optimized.
  • the edge contour of the printed part 020 that contacts the molding surface 210 is set to be circular, or has a section of arc for the shovel 321 to cut into, so that the shovel 321 can contact the printed part in a point-contact manner when shoveling. The edge of 020.
  • the data of the printed part 020 can be designed so that in the early stage of forming the printed part 020, the contact angle between the printed part 020 and the molding surface 210 is an obtuse angle, that is, the printed part 020 is in direct contact with the bottom surface (that is, with the molding surface 210 The angle between the outer surface connected to the side of the shovel and the molding surface 210 is an acute angle.
  • the edge of the printed part 020 has a wedge-shaped chamfer for the shovel 321 to cut into, so that the moment the shovel 321 cuts into the printed part 020, the printed part 020 can be levered away from the forming platform 200.
  • the traditional cutting method must cut into a certain size, and the printed part 020 can be squeezed into the crack by the shovel 321 to exert this force.
  • the shovel 321 is a shovel with a cutting edge; however, in other optional embodiments, the shovel 321 can also be a steel wire, a diamond wire, or other wires that meet tensile strength requirements, and can also play a role. to peel off prints. In some embodiments, using a heatable metal wire as the scraper 321 can also achieve thermal cutting, which is beneficial to peeling off the printed parts. For example, metal wires can be heated by applying electricity.
  • the shovel assembly 320 may also include a shovel tag 325.
  • the shovel tag 325 may be disposed on the shovel 321 so that it can move with the shovel 321. Specifically, it may be disposed close to the shovel 321 along its length. The position at the end of the direction is not used for the shovel member and can be blocked by the liquid blocking member 324 from being contaminated by the printing material.
  • the printer 010 is also provided with a shovel card reader 340 configured to identify the shovel tag 325 .
  • the shovel card reader 340 can be fixedly installed at the initial position of the shovel close to the shovel 321.
  • the shovel card reader 340 recognizes the shovel tag 325, it can determine the number of times the shovel 321 has been used, and therefore can provide guidance for replacing the shovel 321.
  • the shovel tag 325 can be an NFC tag, and the NFC tag can record the number of uses of its corresponding shovel 321 by writing. Specifically, the shovel 321 can complete the shovel and return to the initial position of the shovel.
  • the shovel card reader 340 is controlled by the control mechanism of the 3D printer 010 to communicate with the shovel tag 325, so that the shovel tag 325 performs the operation of writing the number of uses.
  • the shovel card reader 340 corresponds to an NFC card reader, which can communicate with the NFC tag when the shovel 321 returns to the initial position of the shovel, obtain the number of uses of the shovel 321 from the NFC tag, and provide feedback. to the control agency.
  • the control mechanism When the control mechanism receives that the shovel 321 has been used for a full number of times and has reached its service life, or is about to reach its service life, it can issue an alarm or early warning through the control panel or other methods such as ringing, flashing lights, etc. to remind you in time. Replace the corresponding shovel 321.
  • the NFC tag can record the number of uses of the shovel 321 by itself, when the shovel 321 is used on different printers 010, the shovel card reader 340 can also obtain the number of uses of the shovel 321 from the shovel tag 325. , thereby understanding the remaining service life of the shovel 321.
  • the position and communication timing of the shovel tag 325 and the shovel card reader 340 are not limited to the above method.
  • the shovel 321 can also be installed to control the shovel tag 325 and the shovel card reader 340.
  • Near field communication is used to achieve reading and writing. The specific settings can be set according to actual needs and are not limited here.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the shovel card reader 340 in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the shovel card reader 340 can be disposed outside a transmission block 339 so as to move with the shovel 321 .
  • the shovel card reader 340 may be disposed on a bracket installed outside the transmission block 339 .
  • the shovel card reader 340 can also be disposed at other locations on the printer 010, as long as it can achieve near-field communication with the NFC tag.
  • the shovel tag 325 can also be other types of electronic tags, such as at least one of two-dimensional codes, character codes, numeric codes, bar codes, special patterns, NFC tags, RFID tags, electronic chips, etc.
  • the tag itself does not need to have a recording function. Instead, after the card reader recognizes the tag, the controller connected to the card reader records the usage of the shovel 321 .
  • the NFC tag is not limited to recording only the number of uses of the corresponding shovel 321. It can also record other identity information of the corresponding shovel 321 as needed, such as number, shape, material, factory time, manufacturer, and printable shovel. Materials, the range of shovel force that can be tolerated, etc. can be set according to actual use needs, and there are no specific restrictions here.
  • a platform label 220 with a similar function to the above-mentioned shovel label 325 can also be provided on the molding platform 200 of the 3D printer, and at the corresponding position of the platform label 220, such as the installation of the molding platform 200
  • a corresponding platform card reader 230 is installed on the structure to monitor the service life of the molding platform 200 by writing and reading the number of times the molding platform 200 is used.
  • the control mechanism can control the platform card reader 230 to communicate with the platform tag 220 on the forming platform 200 and read the recorded number of uses.
  • the molding platform 200 will be refused to be used for printing, for example, a reminder sign will be displayed on the control screen.
  • the platform card reader 230 reads that the molding platform 200 has been used 29,999 times, and the life of the molding platform 200 is 30,000 times, and the print to be printed next has 1,000 layers. It is predicted that the print will be molded after printing. The platform 200 has been used more than 30,000 times, so a reminder will be issued and the printing platform 200 will be refused to be used.
  • platform tag 220 is not installed on the molding platform 200, when the control mechanism controls the platform card reader 230 to communicate with the platform tag 220 on the molding platform 200, communication will not be possible, and the use of the platform tag 220 will also be refused. Forming platform 200.
  • the platform card reader 230 can be controlled by the control mechanism to communicate with the platform tag 220, so that the platform tag 220 can write the corresponding number of uses, so that the platform tag 220 can record its own service life.
  • the platform label 220 on the forming platform 200 it can be written once for each layer printed, or the number of uses corresponding to the printed piece can be written every time a printing is completed or started.
  • the specific settings can be set according to actual needs. , there is no specific limitation here. In this way, if the forming platform 200 is changed from one printer to another, since the number of times it has been used is recorded in the platform label 220 attached to the forming platform, the platform card reader 230 on the other printer is not the same as the platform label.
  • the reading and writing work of 220 is the same as mentioned above.
  • the material tray 700 is also provided with a material tray label 710 that has a similar function to the above-mentioned platform label 220, and the corresponding position of the material tray label 710 is as follows:
  • a corresponding tray card reader 720 is installed on the installation structure of the tray 700 to monitor the service life of the tray 700 by writing and reading the number of uses of the tray 700 .
  • the control mechanism can control the communication between the tray label 710 and the tray reader 720 to achieve writing and reading.
  • the functions and implementation methods that the material tray tag 710 and the material tray card reader 720 can realize here can be the same as those of the above-mentioned platform tag 220 and the platform card reader 230. Please refer to the above embodiments for relevant details, which will not be repeated here. Repeat.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the connector assembly 350 in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the connector assembly 350 may include a connector 351 and a connector drive assembly 352 .
  • the connector 351 has a material receiving position and a material discharging position.
  • the receiving member 351 is movable and can be located between the forming platform 200 and the material tray 700 when it is in the material receiving position, so that it can receive the printed parts 020 falling from the forming surface 210. When it is in the material discharging position, it can accommodate The printout 020 is poured out.
  • the connector driving assembly 352 is configured to drive the receiving member 351 to move between the material receiving position and the discharging position, so as to cooperate with the shovel component 310 to automatically shovel and transfer the printed printed parts 020 adhered to the forming platform 200 , thereby realizing unattended fully automatic shoveling and picking up of printer 010. Furthermore, the arrangement of the connector assembly 350 allows the shovel to be directly placed at the original position of the molding platform 200, and the mechanisms and components of the 3D printer used to perform printing work, such as the molding platform 200, etc. do not need to be moved. There is no need to remove the forming platform 200, that is, it is only necessary to move the shovel 321, the receiving part 351, etc.
  • the solution in this embodiment can greatly improve the stability of the 3D printer, thereby improving the printing quality of the printer and reducing the printer's Maintenance frequency and maintenance cost; on the other hand, due to the receiving function of the receiving member 351, the liquid printing material adhered to the forming platform 200, the printing part 020 and the shovel 321 can directly flow into the receiving space of the receiving member 351 , so as not to drip to other locations and cause pollution.
  • the material receiving position and the material discharging position may be spaced apart in the second direction. Therefore, the movement path of the receiving member 351 may be parallel to the movement path of the shovel 321 .
  • the connector assembly 350 may also include a connector track 353. Both sides of the connector 351 overlap on the connector track 353, and may be driven by the connector drive assembly 352 along the connector track 353 in the second position. By sliding in the direction, the receiving member track 353 can play the role of supporting the receiving member 351 and guiding the receiving member 351 .
  • the adapter assembly 350 may also include rollers connected to the adapter 351 and installed on both sides of the adapter 351.
  • the adapter 351 can overlap the adapter track 353 through the rollers, and the adapter 351 can be rotated by the rolling and/or rolling of the rollers. Or slide to realize the sliding of the receiving member 351 on the receiving member track 353.
  • the number of rollers can be four, that is, two can be installed on both sides of the receiving member 351, thereby achieving stable sliding of the receiving member 351.
  • the two sides of the receiving member 351 may refer to the two sides of the receiving member 351 along the length direction of the shovel 321 .
  • the receiving member 351 has a material receiving space configured to accommodate the printed part 020, so that it can be in the shape of a basket, and a discharge port 3511 connected to the material receiving space is provided on one side of the receiving member 351, and the material is discharged
  • the opening 3511 allows the printed piece 020 to be removed from the receiving member 351 .
  • the receiving member 351 may have different structural forms, such as a plate shape, as long as it can play the role of receiving printed parts.
  • the connector assembly 350 may also include a material-moving member 354, which may be used to remove the printed parts from the receiving member 351, thereby releasing the material-receiving space so that the receiving member 351 can continue to carry other printed products.
  • the material-picking member 354 may include a material-picking part 3541, which is configured to stir the printed parts in the material-receiving space during the picking stage, so as to pull them out of the material outlet 3511. Furthermore, after a printing is completed, there may be liquid printing material remaining on the forming platform 200 or the printed part, and thus the liquid printing material may flow into the receiving space of the receiving member 351 when the part is shoveled.
  • the material-moving part 3541 can be located at least on one side of the overall structure of the material-moving member 354 close to the bottom of the material-receiving space of the receiving member 351, so that the liquid printing material in the material-receiving space can be removed when the material-moving part 354 is moved. Also set it out to the outside of the discharge port 3511.
  • the material picking part 3541 can be made of a rigid material. It is understandable that, especially when the bottom material of the material receiving space of the receiving member 351 is also a rigid material, when the material is picked, the material picking part 3541 There may be a certain gap with the bottom of the material receiving space, so even after the material is removed, a certain amount of liquid printing material may still remain in the material receiving space of the receiving member 351.
  • the material picking portion 3541 can be at least partially made of soft material. Specifically, at least the bottom area of the material picking portion 3541 close to the material receiving space of the receiving member 351 is made of soft material, such as a picking material.
  • the part 3541 can be a soft material-picking part, so that when the material-picking member 354 is picking materials, it elastically contacts the bottom of the material-receiving space of the receiving member 351 to achieve close contact. In this way, the material-receiving space can be moved during the material-picking process.
  • the accommodated printed parts and the liquid printing material that may be attached to the printed parts are all moved out of the receiving member 351 , thereby keeping the material receiving space of the receiving member 351 clean.
  • the soft material can be silicone, rubber or other materials with certain elasticity.
  • the material-moving member 354 may further include a first magnetic part 3542, which may be disposed on a side of the material-moving part 3541 away from the discharge port 3511, and the receiving member 351 may further include a second magnetic part 3512.
  • the second magnetic part 3512 can be located at an end of the entire receiving member 351 away from the discharge port 3511 and disposed toward the discharge port 3511.
  • the material shifting member 354 and the receiving member 351 can be magnetically connected through the first magnetic part 3542 and the second magnetic part 3512.
  • the first magnetic part 3542 is a magnet
  • the second magnetic part 3512 is made of a material that can be attracted by the magnet
  • the first magnetic part 3542 is made of a material that can be attracted by the magnet. material; alternatively, both the first magnetic part 3542 and the second magnetic part 3512 are magnets, and the opposite polarities of the two sides are opposite, so that they can attract each other; optionally, the first magnetic part 3542 and/or
  • the second magnetic part 3512 is a magnet, it can be an ordinary magnet or an electromagnet, so that it can controlly generate or eliminate magnetism or always maintain magnetism.
  • the portion of the receiving member 351 that can be magnetically connected to the material-moving member 354 is at least located on a side of the receiving member 351 away from the discharge port 3511 in the second direction.
  • the connecting piece driving assembly 352 can be drivingly connected with the pushing piece 354 to drive the pushing piece 354 to move, and further drive the receiving piece 351 to move in at least some application scenarios.
  • the connector driving assembly 352 may include a screw rod 3521 and a connector driving member 3522.
  • the screw rod 3521 may be screwed to the material-moving member 354.
  • the connector driving member 3522 is configured to drive the screw rod 3521 to rotate, thereby driving the receiving member. 351 movement.
  • the connector driver 3522 can be a stepper motor.
  • the connector assembly 350 may also include a dialing piece track 355.
  • the extending direction of the dialing piece track 355 may be consistent with the receiving member track 353, and specifically may extend along the second direction, thereby guiding the dialing piece 354 in the second direction. Slide up in both directions.
  • the number of the material-moving piece tracks 355 is two, and the number of the screw 3521 is one.
  • the two ends of the material-moving piece 354 along the first direction can be respectively set up on the corresponding material-moving piece rails 355.
  • the connector driving assembly 352 is connected to one end of the dialing member 354 to drive the dialing member 354 to slide along the two dialing member tracks 355 .
  • rollers (such as bearings) can be installed at both ends of the material-moving member 354, so that the movement of the material-moving member 354 on the material-moving member track 355 is realized by the rolling of the rollers.
  • One end of the material-moving member 354 can be threadedly connected with the screw rod 3521.
  • the material shifting member 354 and the screw rod 3521 can be connected respectively through trapezoidal nuts.
  • the number of the material-moving piece track 355 can also be one.
  • One end of the material-moving piece 354 is connected to the screw rod 3521, and the other end can be set up on the material-moving piece track 355; in addition, the number of the screw rod 3521 There can also be two, and the two ends of the material-moving member 354 can be connected to the two screw rods 3521 in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the specific selection can be based on actual needs, and is not specifically limited here.
  • the connector assembly 350 may also include a limiting member, which is configured to contact the receiving member 351 when the receiving member 351 moves to the discharging position to limit its continued movement, wherein the limiting member may be disposed on the receiving member 351 . on piece track 353.
  • the limiting member can be a blocking piece, and can be used to limit the position of the roller connected to the receiving member 351, and the position limiting of the receiving member 351 is achieved by limiting the movement of the roller.
  • the connector driving assembly 352 can continue to drive the material-moving member 354 to move in a direction away from the material-receiving position, so that the material-moving member 354 overcomes the magnetic attraction between the receiving member 351 and the material-discharging member 354 . It moves away from the magnetic connection area with the receiving member 351, and the printed piece 020 in the receiving member 351 is pulled out of the receiving member 351 through the pulling member 354.
  • the shape of the middle part of the material shifting member 354 matches the shape of the receiving member 351 and can extend into the receiving space of the receiving member 351 for accommodating the printed parts 020 .
  • the material shifting member 354 may be located on the side of the receiving space of the receiving member 351 away from the discharging opening 3511 .
  • the material-moving member 354 is driven by the connecting member driving assembly 352 to further move in the second direction toward the discharging port 3511, so that the printed parts 020 accommodated in the receiving member 351 can be automatically removed.
  • the discharge port 3511 is extended outside the receiving member 351.
  • the printer 010 may further include a storage member 400 , which may be disposed below the discharge port 3511 of the receiving member 351 and configured to receive the material being moved 354 from the discharge port of the receiving member 351 3511 allocated printout 020.
  • the base plate 500 is also provided with a penetrating material receiving hole 520 (see Figure 2).
  • the material receiving hole 520 can be located at an end of the shovel mechanism 300 away from the forming platform 200 and the material tray 700, and is set corresponding to the material discharging position.
  • the storage part 400 can be placed corresponding to the material receiving hole 520, so that when the receiving part 351 moves to the discharging position to discharge material, the printed part 020 can be directly entered into the storage part 400 through the material receiving hole 520 after being pulled out from the discharging port 3511. middle.
  • the material-picking member 354 may be in the shape of a U-shaped rod, but in other optional embodiments of the present application, the material-picking member 354 may also adopt other shapes, such as a plate shape, as long as the printed part 020 can be moved from Just pull it out from the receiving part 351.
  • the receiving member 351 and the material-moving member 354 can be moved by the same driving mechanism, that is, the connector driving assembly 352.
  • the material-moving member 354 can be moved by a separate The driving mechanism is used only to remove the printed parts received by the receiving member 351 without driving the receiving member 351 to move.
  • the receiving member 351 can be directly connected to the shovel driving assembly 330 to be driven.
  • the shovel 321, the receiving member 351, and the material shifting member 354 can all be driven independently through independent driving mechanisms, which can be set according to actual needs and are not limited here.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the receiving member 351 being turned over in another embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 18 , in some embodiments, the receiving member 351 can be configured to be reversible. After the receiving member 351 reaches the discharging position, the printed parts 020 inside the receiving member 351 can be poured out by flipping the receiving member 351 .
  • the connector assembly 350 may also include a flipping assembly, which may be used to drive the receiving member 351 to flip at the discharging position, so that the printed parts 020 accommodated in the material receiving space are poured out from the discharging port 3511 .
  • the form of the flipping assembly can be set as needed.
  • the flipping assembly is transmission connected with the receiving member 351 and moves together with the receiving member 351, and can drive the receiving member 351 to flip when the receiving member 351 reaches the discharging position; or, the flipping assembly is configured At the discharging position, the receiving member 351 does not move with the receiving member 351.
  • the receiving member 351 itself can rotate under the action of external force.
  • the flipping assembly acts on the receiving member 351 and applies force to the receiving member 351 to make it come out.
  • the material opening 3511 is inclined downward.
  • the printer 010 in the embodiment of the present application also includes a control mechanism.
  • the platform driving mechanism 800, the shovel driving assembly 330, the connector driving assembly 352 and the optical machine 610 are all electrically connected to the control mechanism, and the corresponding operations are completed under the control of the control mechanism. .
  • the control mechanism needs to perform corresponding control operations based on the acquired information such as the status of the specific structure and the position of movement.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of various sensors of the shovel mechanism 300 in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 19, specifically, the shovel mechanism 300 is provided with a first sensor 360, a second sensor 361, a material receiving level sensor 362 and a material picking completion sensor 363. Each of the above sensors All devices can be electrically connected to the control mechanism.
  • the first sensor 360 and the second sensor 361 can be used to detect two extreme positions of the shovel 321 .
  • the shovel 321 moves in a straight line, and the two ends of its movement path are the end position of the shovel 321 and the initial position of the shovel 321 respectively.
  • the first sensor 360 is configured to detect when the shovel 321 reaches When the shovel 321 terminates, the shovel 321 terminates the sensing signal to the control mechanism; the second sensor 361 is configured to output the shovel 321 initial sensing signal to the control mechanism when the shovel 321 reaches the initial position of the shovel 321,
  • the shovel 321 termination sensing signal and the shovel 321 initial sensing signal facilitate the control mechanism to obtain position information of the shovel 321, thereby controlling its start and stop movement.
  • the end position of the shovel 321 is located downstream of the direction in which the blade 3211 of the shovel 321 faces relative to the initial position of the shovel 321.
  • the end position of the shovel 321 is in front of the shovel 321 when it is moving (arrow in Figure 3 e), the initial position of the shovel 321 is behind the shovel 321 during the shovel movement.
  • the shovel movement is the forward movement of the blade 3211 of the shovel 321 in order to peel the printed part 020 from the forming platform 200 .
  • the shovel driving assembly 330 can drive the shovel 321 to move to the initial position of the shovel 321 to wait for the next shovel.
  • the initial position of the shovel 321 is outside the area defined by the forming platform 200 and the material tray 700, so that it will not affect the printing work of the printer 010.
  • the shovel driving assembly 330 drives the shovel 321 to move close to the forming platform 200 along the second direction to between the forming platform 200 and the material tray 700, and move from one end of the forming platform 200 to the other end.
  • the driving is stopped until the shovel 321 moves to the end position of the shovel 321 .
  • the control mechanism can control the shovel driving assembly to pause and drive the shovel 321 to continue moving.
  • the material-moving member 354 has an initial material-moving position and a material-moving completion position. When the material-moving member 354 is at the initial material-moving position, it is magnetically connected to the receiving member 351 and the receiving member 351 is located at the material-receiving position. The material-moving member 354 The printing part in the receiving part 351 can be removed from the receiving part 351 and then moved to the removal completion position.
  • the material receiving level sensor 362 is configured to output a material receiving sensing signal to the control mechanism when the material picking member 354 reaches the material picking initial position.
  • the material shifting member 354 is driven by the connector driving assembly 352 and drives the receiving member 351 along the second direction toward the forming platform 200 and the material tray through the magnetic attraction between the receiving member 351 and the receiving member 351 .
  • the control mechanism controls the splicing piece driving assembly 352 to suspend driving the material-picking piece 354.
  • the material-moving member 354 reaches the material-moving initial position, it indicates that the receiving member 351 is also at the material-receiving position and can receive the printed parts 020 peeled off from the forming platform 200 .
  • the control mechanism can further control the shovel driving assembly 330 to drive the shovel 321 to perform a shoveling operation, so that the printed parts 020 that are shoveled off the forming platform 200 can fall into the receiving member 351 .
  • the receiving member 351 can receive the printed parts 020 on the entire molding surface 210 of the forming platform 200, when the material shifting member 354 moves to the initial position of the material collection, that is, when the receiving member 351 is located at the material receiving position, the receiving member 351
  • the vertical projection of the space of the part 351 configured to accommodate the printed part 020 on the molding surface 210 may cover the entire molding surface 210 or an area of the molding surface 210 configured to adhere the printed part so as not to peel off from the molding platform 200
  • the printed piece 020 falls out of the receiving space of the receiving member 351 .
  • the material-picking completion sensor 363 can be used to output a material-picking completion sensing signal to the control mechanism when the material-picking member 354 reaches the material-picking completion position.
  • the connecting member driving assembly 352 drives the material shifting member 354 to drive the receiving member 351 to move in the second direction away from the forming platform 200 and the material tray 700 until the receiving member 351 is connected.
  • the piece 351 moves to the discharging position, and the stripping piece 354 has not reached the stripping completion position at this time.
  • the material shifting member 354 overcomes the magnetic attraction between the receiving member 351 and continues to move.
  • the material-moving component 354 gradually moves the printed parts 020 accommodated in the receiving part 351 toward the discharge port 3511 until it moves to the material-removing completion position.
  • the printed parts 020 removed from the material outlet 3511 can be Dropped into storage 400.
  • the material-moving member 354 is in the material-moving completion position
  • the receiving member 351 is in the discharging position
  • the shovel 321 is in the end position of the shovel 321 .
  • the first sensor 360, the second sensor 361, the material receiving level sensor 362 and the material picking completion sensor 363 can select appropriate types of sensors to detect whether the corresponding component
  • the above-mentioned sensor can use a photoelectric sensor, which can be a through-beam sensor or a reflective sensor. Whether the optical receiver receives a light signal can be used to determine whether the corresponding component blocks the light path. To determine whether the corresponding parts are in place.
  • the movable components of the connector assembly 350 and the shovel assembly 310 (such as the receiving component 351, the transmission block 339 or the slider 338) may be provided with detection components configured to block the movable components after they reach the corresponding position.
  • the above-mentioned sensor may also be a proximity switch or other mechanical sensor.
  • the receiving member 351 also has a waiting position spaced apart from the material receiving position. When the receiving member 351 is in the waiting position, it is located outside the printing area of the printer 010 .
  • the shovel mechanism 300 may further include a receiving member sensor 364, and the receiving member sensor 364 is configured to output a waiting sensing signal when the receiving member 351 reaches the waiting position.
  • the connector driving assembly 352 can be used to drive the connector 351 to move between the material discharging position and the material receiving position.
  • the waiting position is provided between the discharging position and the material receiving position; in another optional embodiment, the waiting position coincides with the discharging position; of course, in other embodiments, the waiting position can also be Located on the side of the discharge position away from the material receiving position.
  • the receiving part 351 can wait at the waiting position to receive parts during the printing process of the printed part; when the printing of the printed part 020 is completed, the receiving part 351 moves from the waiting position to the receiving position to receive the material from the forming platform 200 Peeled Print 020.
  • the storage member 400 may have a larger capacity, thereby being able to store multiple prints 020 at one time.
  • the printer 010 may also be provided with a sensor to detect whether the storage 400 is full.
  • the storage part 400 is provided with a full part sensor.
  • the full part sensor may be electrically connected to the control mechanism.
  • the full part sensor is configured to output a full part to the control mechanism when the storage part 400 is full. sensing signal.
  • the full sensor can be a photoelectric sensor, which is disposed at the opening of the storage part 400.
  • the full sensor forms a light path at the opening of the storage part 400. If the light path is blocked for a long time, it is judged that the storage is complete.
  • the printed parts 020 in the parts 400 have been piled up to the opening of the storage part 400, so it can be judged that the storage part 400 is full.
  • a gravity sensor can also be provided to weigh the weight of the printed parts 020 in the storage part 400, and whether the storage part 400 is full is determined based on the detected weight value.
  • the printer 010 may further include a pressure sensor, which may be disposed on the forming platform 200 and electrically connected to the control mechanism.
  • the pressure sensor can also be provided on the shovel 321, which is not limited here.
  • a pressure sensor may be used to detect the pressure between the forming surface 210 of the forming platform 200 and the shovel 321 .
  • the pressure value between the forming surface 210 and the shovel 321 has guiding significance for the shovel operation, which can ensure the shovel effect while avoiding equipment damage caused by excessive pressure between the shovel 321 and the forming platform 200 .
  • the printer 010 may further include a print sensor 365 , which may be disposed on the sliding base 337 and spaced apart from the shovel 321 . Specifically, It is installed on the transmission block 339 and is located on the side of the shovel 321 close to the blade 3211, so that when the shovel 321 starts the shovel process and moves from the initial position of the shovel in the second direction toward the end position of the shovel, it is located on the shovel 321.
  • a print sensor 365 which may be disposed on the sliding base 337 and spaced apart from the shovel 321 . Specifically, It is installed on the transmission block 339 and is located on the side of the shovel 321 close to the blade 3211, so that when the shovel 321 starts the shovel process and moves from the initial position of the shovel in the second direction toward the end position of the shovel, it is located on the shovel 321.
  • the shovel 321 is located in front of the moving path of the shovel 321 and is located at the rear of the moving path of the shovel 321 after the shovel 321 completes the shovel and moves in the second direction from the shovel end position toward the shovel initial position.
  • the print sensor 365 may be a laser beam sensor and includes a laser emitting part and a laser receiving part arranged oppositely. Specifically, the laser emitting part is installed on the transmission block 339 at one end of the shovel 321 , and the laser receiving part is installed on the transmission block 339 at the other end of the shovel 321 . Specifically, the print sensor 365 can detect whether there is a print on the molding surface 210 of the molding platform 200 based on the laser emitted by the laser emitting part received by the laser receiving part, or whether the print sensor 365 Whether there are prints in the area of the molding surface 210 corresponding to the path 365 passes.
  • the print sensor 365 moves toward the forming platform 200 with the sliding seat 337, and moves from the initial position of the shovel 321 to the end position of the shovel 321.
  • Laser beam inspection is performed during the process.
  • the control mechanism can control the printer to suspend operation and further issue a fault reminder. , so that operators can conduct timely inspections. It is easy to understand that if the printed part falls off the board, the printed part may fall into the material tray 700. If it is not cleaned in time and printing continues after the shovel, the forming platform 200 will be pressed against the material tray 700. When printing, the printing parts falling in the material tray 700 may cause damage to the forming platform 200 and/or the material tray 700 .
  • the print sensor 365 can move toward the initial position of the shovel, and perform laser scanning while moving to the initial position of the shovel. Through-beam detection. During this process, if it is detected that there is a printed part on the forming surface 210, it is determined that it has not been shoveled cleanly. At this time, the control mechanism can also control the printer to stop running, and can further issue a fault reminder.
  • the shovel assembly 310 further includes a shield 326 (see FIG. 1 ).
  • the shield 326 is disposed above the initial position of the shovel (ie, on the side of the initial position of the shovel away from the base plate 500 ) to block the position of the shovel.
  • the shovel 321 has an initial position. This can prevent the operator from accidentally touching the shovel 321 located at the initial position of the shovel and ensure the operator's personal safety.
  • the 3D printer 010 may also include a human body sensing mechanism and an operating mechanism 110 (see Figure 1) that are electrically connected to the control mechanism.
  • the human body sensing mechanism is configured to send a signal to the control mechanism when a human body is detected in the preset area.
  • the mechanism outputs a human body sensing signal; the control mechanism is configured to start or wake up the operating mechanism 110 when receiving the human body sensing signal.
  • the operating mechanism 110 includes at least one of a lighting mechanism, a display screen, a touch screen, etc. When the operating mechanism 110 is a touch screen or a display screen, it can automatically light up when a person walks in, making it convenient for the user to operate.
  • the human body sensing mechanism may include a 5.8GHz microwave radar. Since WIFI, Bluetooth, IOT, etc. will occupy 2.4GHz, making 2.4GHz susceptible to interference, 5.8GHz microwave radar is used, which is stable and low-cost.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the state before the material tray is fixed in one embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the state after the material tray is fixed in one embodiment of the present application.
  • Figures 20 and 21 are both partial cross-sectional views. Please refer to Figures 20 and 21.
  • the base plate 500 is provided with an escape through hole 530
  • a guide pressure block 550 is provided on the upper side of the substrate 500.
  • a slot is formed between the guide pressure block 550 and the surface of the substrate 500.
  • the edge of the material tray 700 is matched with the slot.
  • the guide pressing block 550 is configured to guide the movement of the material tray 700 on the base plate 500 and clamp the material tray 700 together with the abutment piece 543 .
  • the material tray 700 can be pushed into the slot along the extending direction of the slot formed by the guide pressing block 550, so that the position of the material tray 700 in the vertical direction is limited.
  • two guide pressure blocks 550 may be provided on the base plate 500, and the slots formed by the two guide pressure blocks 550 are spaced parallel to each other.
  • the material tray 700 is provided with a flange 730 .
  • the flange 730 extends along the outer peripheral side of the bottom of the material tray 700 .
  • the material tray 700 forms a slot with the guide pressing block 550 through the flange 730 .
  • the 3D printer also includes a floating mechanism 540 , which includes a floating member 541 , a guide shaft 542 , a contact member 543 and a second elastic member 544 .
  • the contact piece 543 is disposed at the position avoidance through hole 530 in a liftable manner.
  • the second elastic member 544 is configured to push the contact piece 543 to contact the lower surface of the material tray 700 so that the material tray 700 is guided to the pressure block 550 and against the lower surface of the material tray 700 .
  • Adapter 543 clamps. Specifically, the abutting member 543 is connected to the floating member 541 and penetrates through the avoidance through hole 530.
  • the guide shaft 542 is connected to the side of the base plate 500 away from the material tray 700.
  • the floating member 541 slides with the guide shaft 542, and the second elasticity
  • the member 544 is configured to push the floating member 541 toward the substrate 500 .
  • the second elastic member 544 is a spring and is sleeved on the guide shaft 542 .
  • One end of the guide shaft 542 is connected to the base plate 500 (for example, by screwing).
  • the end of the guide shaft 542 away from the base plate 500 has a limiting portion 5421 protruding from the outer circumferential surface of the guide shaft 542.
  • One end of the second elastic member 544 is in contact with The other end of the floating member 541 abuts the limiting portion 5421 on the guide shaft 542 .
  • the second elastic member 544 When the second elastic member 544 is in a compressed state, it can provide the floating member 541 with a tendency to move toward the base plate 500 , so that the abutting member 543 can abut upward on the material tray 700 .
  • the contact member 543 has an ascending position and a descending position relative to the base plate 500.
  • the contact member 543 is in a rising position. position, the top of the contact member 543 is higher than the upper surface of the substrate 500 .
  • the contact member 543 is in a lowered position, and the top of the contact member 543 resists the material tray 700; the second elastic member 544 is configured to make The abutment piece 543 tends to move toward the upward position.
  • the top surface 5431 of the contact member 543 for contacting the material tray 700 is an arc surface.
  • the top surface 5431 may be an arc arc surface or a spherical arc surface.
  • the floating member 541 is provided with two abutting members 543 spaced apart from each other.
  • the abutting members 543 can be fixed on the floating member 541 through mounting screws.
  • the floating member 541 can ensure that at least two abutting members 543 can Move synchronously; optionally, in a natural state without being squeezed by the material tray 700, the two abutting members 543 maintain the same height.
  • the number and fixing method of the abutting members 543 on the floating member 541 can be adjusted as needed.
  • the contact piece 543 can be in contact with the flange 730 of the material tray 700.
  • the contact piece 543 is in contact with the flange 730 and avoids the material tray.
  • the middle area at the bottom of 700 is not easy to block light, thereby ensuring the amount of light transmission of the material tray 700.
  • the 3D printer of this embodiment may include two floating mechanisms 540.
  • the two floating mechanisms 540 may be provided with a total of four contact pieces 543.
  • the four contact members 543 may respectively contact the four corners of the material tray 700. department.
  • the position of the material tray 700 in the vertical direction is jointly defined by the guide pressing block 550 and the abutting member 543 .
  • the floating mechanism 540 also includes a first magnetic attraction part 545, and a second magnetic attraction part 560 opposite to the first magnetic attraction part 545 is provided on the base plate 500.
  • the first magnetic attraction component 545 and the second magnetic attraction component 560 are configured to generate mutual attraction in the energized state, thereby increasing the resistance force of the contact component 543 to the material tray 700 to tightly resist the material tray 700 .
  • the first magnetic attraction component 545 is an electromagnet, which generates a magnetic attraction force when powered on;
  • the second magnetic attraction component 560 is a magnet disposed on the lower surface of the substrate 500, and a magnet is formed on the magnet toward the first magnetic attraction force.
  • the adsorption surface of the component 545 is used to attract the first magnetic component 545 .
  • the second magnetic member 560 can also be other components that can be attracted by the first magnetic member 545, such as an iron piece attached to the lower surface of the substrate 500, or even the substrate 500 and the third magnetic member 545.
  • the corresponding position of a magnetic attraction part 545 is made of iron or iron-based alloy, and the second magnetic attraction part 560 is a part of the substrate 500 .
  • the second magnetic attraction component 560 can also be configured as an electromagnet, and the first magnetic attraction component 545 can be configured as a magnet or other components that can be attracted by the electromagnet.
  • the first magnetic attraction part 545 is energized to generate a magnetic attraction force between it and the second magnetic attraction part 560, which can pass through
  • the magnetic attraction force makes the contact piece 543 press against the material tray 700 to prevent the material tray from sliding.
  • the floating mechanism 540 in this embodiment also includes an adjusting plate 546, a connecting screw 547 and at least two adjusting screws 548.
  • the floating member 541 is provided with a first through hole 5411, and the adjusting plate 546 is provided with a second through hole 5461.
  • the adjusting plate 546 is provided on the side of the floating member 541 away from the first magnetic attraction member 545, and the connecting screw 547 is passed through the first through hole 5411.
  • the adjustment screw holes 5462 correspond to the adjustment screws 548 one-to-one.
  • the adjustment screws 548 are screwed with the adjustment screw holes 5462 and then abut against the floating member 541 .
  • the distance between the adjusting plate 546 and the floating member 541 can also be adjusted by adjusting the adjusting screw 548, so that when the head of the connecting screw 547 abuts the adjusting plate 546, the distance between the first magnetic member 545 and the floating member 541 can be adjusted. the height of.
  • the contact piece 543 of the floating mechanism 540 and the guide pressure block 550 jointly clamp the material tray 700, the second elastic member 544 is compressed, and the floating member 541 is in a low position.
  • the energized first magnetic part 545 and the second magnetic part 560 fit together, and the head of the connecting screw 547 can just abut the adjusting plate 546 .
  • the floating member 541 is dually restricted by the second elastic member 544 and the connecting screw 547, making it difficult to float in the vertical direction.
  • the floating member 541 if the floating member 541 is to move downward, it needs to overcome the elastic force of the second elastic member 544 and the magnetic attraction force between the first magnetic member 545 and the second magnetic member 560 . Therefore, the floating mechanism 540 can limit the position of the material tray 700 more firmly.
  • a limiting groove 5412 is provided on the side of the floating member 541 facing the adjusting plate 546, and the adjusting screw 548 abuts in the limiting groove 5412.
  • the floating mechanism 540 may also include a third elastic member 549.
  • the third elastic member 549 may be disposed between the first magnetic member 545 and the floating member 541.
  • the third elastic member 549 is configured to move toward the first magnetic member 545.
  • the magnetic attraction part 545 provides a tendency to move away from the floating part 541, so that even if the first magnetic attraction part 545 is not powered, it can still contact the second magnetic attraction part 560. It can be understood that the magnetic attraction between the first magnetic component 545 and the second magnetic component 560 will decrease sharply as the distance between them increases.
  • the first magnetic member 545 can always be in contact with the second magnetic member 560, so that after the first magnetic member 545 is powered on, it will generate sufficient adsorption force and the second magnetic member 560. 560 for a tight fit. Therefore, it is not easy for the first magnetic member 545 to be too far away from the second magnetic member 560 before powering on, causing it to be difficult to generate sufficient adsorption force even after powering on, thus avoiding the first magnetic attraction.
  • the member 545 cannot provide sufficient limiting force to the floating member 541 through sufficient magnetic attraction.
  • the third elastic member 549 is a spring and is sleeved on the connecting screw 547 .
  • the floating mechanism 540 may also omit the first magnetic member 545 , the adjustment plate 546 , the connecting screws 547 , the adjusting screws 548 and the third elastic member 549 , and the base plate 500 may not be provided with
  • the second magnetic attraction member 560 in this case, only uses the elastic force of the second elastic member 544 to make the contact member 543 press against the material tray 700.
  • Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the floating mechanism 540 and the second magnetic member 560 attracting each other in an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the base plate 500 and the floating mechanism 540 in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first magnetic attraction component 545 when the first magnetic attraction component 545 is provided, the movement of the abutment component 543 towards the material tray 700 does not depend on the second elastic component 544 in the previous embodiment (see Figure 20, Figure 21), therefore, in this embodiment, the second elastic member 544 can be omitted.
  • the first magnetic attraction part 545 is energized, and the first magnetic attraction part 545 and the connecting screw 547 approach the base plate 500 under the action of magnetic attraction; the adjusting plate 546 is against the head of the connecting screw 547 Under the action of the interaction, the adjusting screw 548 moves toward the base plate as a whole, and the adjusting screw 548 abuts the floating member 541, thereby transmitting the momentum to the floating member 541, and finally to the abutting member 543, causing the abutting member 543 to abut upward. Tighten the material tray 700 to prevent the material tray 700 from sliding.
  • the first magnetic suction part 545 is powered off, the floating part 541 and the first magnetic suction part 545 will fall, and then the material tray 700 can be pulled out.
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of the automatic liquid adding mechanism from a first perspective in an embodiment of the present application. Please refer to FIG. 24 .
  • the printer 010 according to the embodiment of the present application also includes an automatic liquid adding mechanism 900 .
  • the automatic liquid adding mechanism 900 is configured to realize the function of automatically adding printing materials to the material tray 700 .
  • the automatic liquid filling mechanism 900 includes a transfer liquid filling assembly 910 , a liquid filling driving assembly 940 and a storage mechanism 950 .
  • Figure 25 is a schematic assembly diagram of the transfer liquid adding assembly of the automatic liquid adding mechanism in one embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 26 is an exploded view of the relay liquid adding assembly of the automatic liquid adding mechanism in one embodiment of the present application. Please refer to Figures 25 and 26.
  • the transfer liquid adding assembly 910 includes a feeding box 920 and a locking structure 930.
  • the feeding box 920 includes a feeding box body 921 and a liquid outlet 922 configured to add liquid to the feeding tray 700.
  • the liquid part 922 is connected with the feed box body 921 .
  • the feed box body 921 is configured to store the printing materials poured by the storage mechanism 950 .
  • the printing materials stored in the feed box body 921 can flow to the material tray 700 through the liquid outlet 922 .
  • the locking structure 930 is configured to open or block the liquid outlet of the liquid outlet 922 , and the liquid adding driving assembly 940 can drive the locking structure 930 to open or block the liquid outlet 922 according to the actual liquid level of the material tray 700 .
  • the printing material in the feeding box body 921 is fully loaded, the printing material is first added into the feeding box 920 of the transfer liquid adding assembly 910 through the material storage mechanism 950, and then the printing material is led to the material tray 700 through the liquid outlet 922. , can ensure that the feeding speed of the feeding box 920 into the feeding tray 700 is in a stable state, thereby achieving stable control of the feeding speed.
  • the printing material in the storage mechanism 950 first flows into the feeding box body 921 and does not directly lead to the material tray 700, thus avoiding the need to store materials. After the printing material in the mechanism 950 is consumed, the feeding speed gradually changes, causing the problem that the feeding speed cannot be stably controlled. This can avoid the problem of insufficient printing material or excessive printing material in the material tray 700 due to unstable feeding speed. problems, which may lead to 3D printing failure or waste of printing materials.
  • the automatic liquid adding mechanism 900 provided in this embodiment ensures the amount of printing materials in the material tray 700 and can improve the success rate of printing.
  • the locking structure 930 includes a blocking member 931 and a fourth elastic member (not shown in the drawings); the blocking member 931 can move along the axial direction of the liquid outlet 922; the fourth elastic member serves as a The blocking member 931 is configured so that the blocking member 931 presses against the liquid outlet of the liquid outlet 922 according to the elastic force of the fourth elastic member.
  • the blocking member 931 can be any form of structure capable of blocking the liquid outlet, such as a baffle, a soft plug, etc.
  • the relative positional relationship and connection relationship between the blocking member 931 and the feeding box 920 can be any one, as long as the blocking member 931 can move along the axial direction of the liquid outlet 922 .
  • a guide channel may be provided in the axial direction of the liquid outlet 922 , and the blocking member 931 moves in the guide channel to move along the axial direction of the liquid outlet 922 .
  • the blocking member 931 is acted upon by the elastic force of the fourth elastic member, causing the blocking member 931 to press against the liquid outlet, thereby blocking the liquid outlet.
  • the arrangement position and number of the fourth elastic member are not specifically limited here, as long as the elastic force can be exerted on the blocking member 931 toward the liquid outlet.
  • the elastic force may be generated by spring compression or spring tension.
  • the locking structure 930 further includes a sliding member 932 .
  • the blocking member 931 is slidingly connected to the sliding member 932 , and the sliding member 932 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the liquid outlet 922 .
  • the axial direction of the sliding member 932 is parallel to the axial direction of the liquid outlet 922 .
  • the sliding member 932 is fixed on the outer surface of the liquid outlet portion 922 .
  • the sliding member 932 can be connected to the outer surface of the liquid outlet portion 922 through two fixing brackets, thereby being fixed to the outer surface of the liquid outlet portion 922 .
  • the blocking member 931 can be sleeved on the sliding member 932 to move along the axis direction of the liquid outlet 922 .
  • the liquid adding driving assembly 940 is configured to drive the blocking member 931 to slide relative to the sliding member 932, and the fourth elastic member is connected to the feeding box 920 and the blocking member 931 at the same time.
  • the feeding box 920 and the blocking member 931 are both connected to the third elastic member.
  • the four elastic members are connected, and the blocking member 931 blocks the liquid outlet 922 through the preset elastic force of the fourth elastic member. It can be understood that, in this embodiment, the blocking member 931 blocks the liquid outlet 922 through the preset elastic force of the fourth elastic member.
  • the elastic force blocks the liquid outlet 922, that is, the liquid outlet of the liquid outlet 922 is in a normally closed state.
  • the liquid adding driving assembly 940 can drive the locking structure 930 to open or block the liquid outlet of the liquid outlet 922 according to the actual liquid level of the material tray 700.
  • the liquid adding driving assembly 940 can drive the blocking member 931 away from the liquid outlet 922, thereby allowing the printing material to pass through the outlet.
  • the liquid part 922 leads to the material tray 700.
  • the liquid adding driving assembly 940 operates so that the blocking member 931 is acted upon by the fourth elastic member. Use force to get close to the liquid outlet 922 and block the liquid outlet of the liquid outlet 922 .
  • the above-mentioned liquid adding driving assembly 940 is an electromagnet push rod.
  • the push rod of the electromagnet push rod can extend or retract so that the above-mentioned blocking member 931 Move away from or approach the liquid outlet 922 to open or block the liquid outlet 922 .
  • the electromagnet push rod is in a power-off state, the push rod of the electromagnet push rod is in a retracted state, so the blocking member 931 blocks the liquid outlet 922 under the action of the preset elastic force of the fourth elastic member.
  • the automatic liquid filling mechanism 900 when the automatic liquid filling mechanism 900 is applied to the 3D printer 010, in the power-off state, the push rod of the electromagnet push rod is retracted, and the liquid outlet 922 is in a blocked state, thereby avoiding the problem of the liquid supply continuing to the 3D printer 010 in the power-off state.
  • the material tray 700 is filled with liquid to avoid the waste of printing materials.
  • the liquid-adding driving assembly 940 is not limited to the electromagnet push rod.
  • the liquid-adding driving assembly 940 only needs to be able to drive the blocking member 931 away from or close to the liquid outlet 922 in the energized state to open or seal.
  • the liquid outlet 922 is blocked, and it is sufficient to ensure that the liquid outlet 922 is in a blocked state when the power is off.
  • the liquid adding driving assembly 940 is not specifically limited here.
  • the above-mentioned liquid outlet part 922 includes a liquid outlet pipe 923 connected with the feeding box body 921, and a first fixed bracket 924 provided on the side wall of the liquid outlet pipe 923.
  • the sliding member 932 is fixedly connected to the first fixed bracket 924 to seal it.
  • the member 931 includes a resisting portion 9313 and a baffle 9311 connected to the resisting portion 9313.
  • the baffle 9311 is configured to block the liquid outlet pipe 923.
  • the resisting portion 9313 and the baffle 9311 are respectively provided on the first fixed bracket 924. Both sides; in a specific example, the first fixing bracket 924 is provided on the outer wall of the liquid outlet pipe 923.
  • the transfer liquid adding assembly 910 also includes a fastener.
  • the fastener is a bolt 933.
  • the resisting portion 9313 is connected to the first fixing bracket 924 through the fastener (that is, the bolt 933), and the fourth The elastic member is sleeved on the fastener and the two ends of the fourth elastic member respectively resist the first fixed bracket 924 and the resisting portion 9313.
  • the baffle 9311 is pressed by the fourth elastic member. The elastic force blocks the liquid outlet of the liquid outlet pipe 923.
  • a sealing plug 9314 is provided on the side of the baffle 9311 close to the liquid outlet pipe 923.
  • the sealing plug is configured to block the liquid outlet pipe 923, further enhancing the sealing effect of the blocking member 931 on the liquid outlet pipe 923. Blocking reliability.
  • the above-mentioned transfer liquid filling assembly 910 also includes a transmission rod 934.
  • the transmission rod 934 is configured to push the resisting portion 9313 according to external force to move the baffle 9311 away from the liquid outlet.
  • the transmission rod 934 can be a transmission rod with any structure in this field.
  • the transmission rod 934 is a rotation rod, the rotation rod is configured to be rotationally connected with the frame of the 3D printer 010 (not shown in the drawings), and one end of the rotation rod is configured to receive external driving force, The other end is rotated to push the resisting portion 9313 to keep the baffle 9311 away from the liquid outlet pipe 923.
  • the electromagnet push rod can drive one end of the transmission rod 934 to rotate, thereby driving the other end. Rotate to push the resisting portion 9313 to move the baffle 9311 away from the liquid outlet of the liquid outlet pipe 923 .
  • liquid adding driving assembly 940 that is, the push rod of the electromagnet push rod in this embodiment
  • one end of the transmission rod 934 is pushed to rotate, and the other end of the transmission rod 934 rotates accordingly, thereby pushing the resistance 9313, so that the blocking member 931 slides on the sliding member 932 to move the baffle 9311 away from the liquid outlet pipe 923, thereby opening the liquid outlet pipe 923.
  • the transmission rod 934 One end rotates in the opposite direction, and the other end rotates accordingly, and under the action of the preset elastic force of the fourth elastic member, the baffle 9311 moves in a direction close to the liquid outlet pipe 923 until the liquid outlet of the liquid outlet pipe 923 is blocked. mouth.
  • the liquid outlet pipe 923 is also provided with a rotating shaft and a connecting rotating plate.
  • the axis of the rotating shaft is perpendicular to the axis of the liquid outlet pipe 923.
  • the rotating shaft is disposed on the first fixed bracket 924 and is rotationally connected to the connecting rotating plate.
  • the rotating plate is configured to rotate according to external force to push the blocking member away from the liquid outlet.
  • the connecting rotating plate has a first connecting part and a second connecting part.
  • the first connecting part is configured to receive external driving force, that is, to receive the driving force of the liquid adding driving assembly 940 to drive the second connecting part to move. Push the baffle 9311 away from the liquid outlet pipe 923.
  • liquid adding driving assembly 940 can cause the second connecting part to drive the connecting rotating plate to rotate through the rotating shaft, and then move the baffle 9311 away from or close to the liquid outlet pipe 923 through the first connecting part, so as to open or block the outlet pipe. Liquid pipe 923.
  • the liquid adding drive assembly 940 can also use other mechanical structures to move the baffle 9311 away from or close to the liquid outlet pipe 923, and is not limited to the above arrangement, as long as the mechanical structure can move the liquid adding drive assembly 940
  • the driving force can be converted into the force that moves the baffle 9311 away from or close to the liquid outlet pipe 923, which is not specifically limited here.
  • the side wall of the liquid outlet pipe 923 also includes a second fixing bracket 925.
  • the second fixing bracket 925 is provided on the side wall of the liquid outlet pipe 923.
  • the first fixing bracket 924 and the second fixing bracket 925 are respectively installed on the resisting portion.
  • the two sides of 9313 are respectively provided on both sides of the resisting portion 9313 along the axis direction of the liquid outlet portion.
  • the blocking member 931 also includes a connecting plate 9312; the connecting plate 9312 is connected to the resisting portion 9313 at an included angle, the connecting plate 9312 is connected to the baffle 9311 at an included angle, and the first fixed bracket 924 and the second fixed bracket 925 are both connected to the sliding member.
  • the second fixed bracket 925 cooperates with the first fixed bracket 924 to make the relationship between the sliding member 932 and the liquid outlet pipe 923 more stable.
  • the second fixing bracket 925 is provided on the outer wall of the liquid outlet pipe 923 .
  • the sliding member 932 is a sliding rod
  • the fourth elastic member is a spring (not shown in the figure)
  • the fastener is a bolt 933.
  • the bolt 933 and the sliding rod are both inserted through the first fixed bracket 924. , the resisting portion 9313 and the second fixing bracket 925, and the spring is sleeved on the bolt 933.
  • the first fixed bracket 924 and the second fixed bracket 925 are fixedly connected to the sliding rod
  • the resisting portion 9313 is located between the first fixed bracket 924 and the second fixed bracket 925
  • the baffle 9311 blocks the liquid discharge.
  • the pipe 923, the resisting portion 9313 and the baffle 9311 are slidingly matched with the sliding rod, and the bolts 933 are simultaneously penetrated through the baffle 9311, the second fixed bracket 925, the resisting portion 9313 and the first fixed bracket 924 to realize the connection of the bolts 933. And the two ends of the spring simultaneously resist the first fixed bracket 924 and the resisting portion 9313 respectively. Then, the baffle 9311 blocks the liquid outlet pipe 923, so that the liquid outlet pipe 923 is in a normally closed state. It should be noted that the number of the fourth elastic member and the bolt is not specifically limited here, and may be two or more.
  • the above-mentioned locking structure 930 also includes a connected second baffle and a fifth elastic member.
  • One end of the fifth elastic member resists the second baffle, and the other end resists the blocking member.
  • the fifth elastic member resists the blocking member with a preset elastic force
  • the second baffle is located on the side of the blocking member away from the liquid outlet, and the second baffle is connected to the liquid outlet.
  • the fifth elastic member in this embodiment is configured to distinguish it from the fourth elastic member in other embodiments
  • the second baffle is configured to distinguish it from the baffle 9311 in other embodiments.
  • the fifth elastic member resists the second baffle, and the other end resists the baffle.
  • the fifth elastic member resists the baffle with a preset elastic force to provide a liquid outlet pipe to the baffle. 923 force
  • the second baffle is located on the side of the baffle away from the liquid outlet pipe 923, and the second baffle is connected to the liquid outlet pipe 923.
  • the second baffle is connected to the baffle through the fifth elastic member , so that the fifth elastic member is in a compressed state, that is, the second baffle and the liquid outlet pipe 923 compress the fifth elastic member so that the fifth elastic member has a force for the baffle 9311 to block the liquid outlet pipe 923.
  • the baffle 9311 not only blocks the liquid outlet pipe 923 through the preset elastic force exerted by the fourth elastic member, but also presses the baffle 9311 through the preset elastic force of the fifth elastic member. at the nozzle of the liquid outlet pipe 923 to ensure better sealing between the baffle 9311 and the liquid outlet pipe 923.
  • the liquid adding driving assembly 940 is electrically connected to a controller and at least one of a liquid level sensor, a position sensor, and a gravity sensor that is electrically connected to the control.
  • the controller is configured to control the action of the liquid adding driving assembly 940 .
  • the controller may be the aforementioned control mechanism, may be integrated into the control mechanism of the printer 010 , or may be a structure specifically used to control the liquid adding drive assembly 940 .
  • the liquid level sensor is configured to detect the actual liquid level of the material tray 700 of the 3D printer 010 and transmit it to the controller.
  • the liquid adding driving assembly 940 drives the baffle 9311 away from the liquid outlet pipe 923.
  • the liquid level sensor may specifically include any one of the following sensors: impedance sensor, capacitive sensor and laser sensor.
  • the gravity sensor is configured to detect the actual weight of the storage mechanism 950 .
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of the automatic liquid adding mechanism from a second perspective according to an embodiment of the present application. Please refer to FIG. 27 .
  • the feeding box 920 further includes an anti-fool component 926 , which is disposed in the accommodation cavity of the feeding box body 921 .
  • the storage mechanism 950 includes a check valve 952 and a liquid storage bottle 951 connected with the liquid inlet of the check valve 952 .
  • the first height of the lower bottom surface of the storage mechanism 950 of the printer 010 is less than the second height of the end of the anti-fool component 926 away from the feed box body 921, and the anti-fool component 926 is far away from the feed box.
  • One end of the body 921 is located in the check valve 952.
  • one end of the anti-fool component 926 can extend into the interior of the storage mechanism 950, and can be any result that can achieve the above effect.
  • the anti-fool component 926 includes a positioning hole 9261 and a positioning pin 9262. The positioning hole 9261 is connected to the positioning pin 9262.
  • the positioning hole 9261 is provided in the receiving cavity of the feeding box body 921; the first end of the positioning pin 9262 is provided with In the positioning hole 9261, the second end extends from the liquid outlet of the check valve 952 into the internal space of the check valve 952.
  • the bottom height of the check valve 952 of the printer 010 is lower than the height of the end of the anti-fool component 926 away from the feed box 920, that is, the height of the positioning pin 9262 away from the feed box 920 is higher than the height of the bottom of the check valve 952 to prevent future failure.
  • the storage mechanism 950 is connected to the check valve 952, and the check valve 952
  • the height of the bottom is lower than the height of the end of the positioning pin 9262 away from the feeding box 920, which limits the transfer liquid adding assembly 910 from moving out of the printer 010. That is, when the transferring liquid adding assembly 910 is loaded into the 3D printer 010 in the horizontal direction, the storage material is loaded into the 3D printer 010.
  • Mechanism 950, and at this time, the height of the bottom of the check valve 952 is lower than the height of the end of the positioning pin 9262 away from the feeding box 920. Therefore, when the storage mechanism 950 has not been moved out of the 3D printer 010, the operator cannot move out the transfer liquid adding assembly 910. , which can play a role in preventing fools.
  • the 3D printer 010 is also provided with a mounting seat for the check valve 952.
  • the check valve 952 is assembled with the liquid storage bottle 951.
  • the positioning pin 9262 can push open the valve body of the check valve 952, thereby opening the passage from the storage mechanism 950 to the feeding box 920.
  • the valve body is closed, thereby preventing leakage. liquid.
  • the positioning pin 9262 pushes open the valve body, when the liquid level in the feeding box body 921 overflows the check valve 952, the printing material in the liquid storage bottle 951 will not continue to flow downward due to gravity due to the effect of air pressure. In the feeding box body 921.
  • Figure 28 is a flow chart of a 3D printing method in an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of different postures of the scooping mechanism 300 at each node of the scooping process in an embodiment of the present application.
  • embodiments of the present application also provide a 3D printing method, which can be applied to the 3D printer 010 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • 3D printing methods can include:
  • Step S100 Control the receiving part to move to the material receiving position.
  • the receiving part 351 when the printing part 020 has not been completed, the receiving part 351 may be in the waiting position, as shown in the first step in FIG. 30 . At this time, the receiving member 351, the material shifting member 354 and the shovel 321 are all located outside the printing area of the printer 010, thus not affecting the printing work.
  • the control mechanism can control the shovel driving assembly 330 to drive the receiving member 351 to move to the material receiving position (as shown in the second step in FIG. 30 ) to receive the printed parts 020 falling from the forming surface 210 .
  • moving the receiving part 351 to the material receiving position can be used as a prerequisite for starting shoveling, and whether the receiving part 351 moves to the material receiving position can be detected by the material receiving position sensor 362 of the material shifting part 354 It is judged whether it reaches the initial position of the material-picking member 354.
  • Step S200 control the forming platform and the shovel to approach each other, and obtain the pressure between the shovel and the forming surface.
  • the shovel 321 Before shoveling, in addition to moving the receiving member 351 to the material receiving position to prepare for receiving materials, the shovel 321 also needs to be closely attached to the forming surface 210 to prepare the shovel 321 for sliding on the forming surface 210 .
  • the control mechanism can control the platform driving mechanism 800 and the shovel driving assembly 330 to respectively drive the forming platform 200 and the shovel 321 to move to achieve mutual proximity. In some other embodiments, one of them can also be controlled to move and the other to remain stationary, such as controlling the shovel 321 to approach the forming platform 200 .
  • the forming platform 200 moves in the first direction
  • the shovel 321 moves in the second direction
  • the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction
  • the first direction is the vertical direction
  • the forming platform 200 and The process of the shovels 321 approaching each other is that the shovels 321 move downwards of the forming platform 200 and the forming platform 200 moves downward.
  • step S200 optionally includes the following steps:
  • Step S210 control the forming platform and the shovel to approach each other in the first movement mode
  • Step S220 before the shovel comes into contact with the forming surface, the forming platform and the shovel are controlled to approach each other in the second movement mode, and the pressure between the shovel and the forming surface is continuously obtained.
  • the approaching speed of the forming platform 200 and the shovel 321 in the second movement mode is smaller than the approaching speed of the forming platform 200 and the shovel 321 in the first movement mode. It can be seen that when approaching each other in the first movement mode, they have a higher speed, which is conducive to quickly moving into position and improving work efficiency. However, approaching too quickly will easily cause the shovel 321 to hit the forming platform 200, causing damage to the equipment. Therefore, before the shovel 321 comes into contact with the forming surface 210, the forming platform 200 and the shovel 321 are controlled to approach each other in the second movement mode. has a smaller approaching speed. In the second movement mode, the pressure between the shovel 321 and the forming surface 210 begins to be continuously obtained. The slower approaching speed can ensure that the pressure detection is more accurate and can stop in time after the pressure reaches the threshold. The relative movement between the shovel 321 and the platform prevents the shovel 321 from being damaged due to excessive pressure between the two.
  • the step of controlling the forming platform 200 and the shovel 321 to approach each other in the first movement mode may specifically include:
  • the shovel 321 is controlled to move from the initial position of the shovel 321 to the knife pressing position, and the forming platform 200 is controlled to move toward the shovel 321 along the first direction at the first speed.
  • the pressing knife position is located on one side of the forming platform 200 in the first direction and facing the material tray 700 .
  • the printer 010 may include a sensor configured to detect whether the shovel 321 reaches the pressing position.
  • the sensor may be a photoelectric sensor.
  • the shovel driving assembly 330 is controlled to stop driving.
  • the forming platform 200 is controlled to descend along the first direction (in this embodiment, the vertical direction), or the molding is started while the shovel 321 moves to the knife-pressing position. Platform 200 dropped.
  • the step of controlling the forming platform 200 and the shovel 321 to approach each other in the second movement mode may specifically include: controlling the forming platform 200 to move toward the shovel 321 along the first direction at a second speed, wherein the second speed is smaller than the second speed. One speed.
  • the 3D printing method may further include: controlling the molding platform 200 to move to the platform initial position, wherein the platform The initial position is the extreme position of the forming platform 200 farthest away from the shovel 321 in the first direction.
  • the initial position of the platform is the uppermost limit position of the forming platform 200 . This position is the position reached by the forming platform 200 when it is lifted from the material tray 700 after one printing is completed.
  • the step of controlling the forming platform 200 to move toward the shovel 321 along the first direction at a first speed may specifically include: controlling the forming platform 200 to move toward the shovel 321 along the first direction at a first speed.
  • distance where the first distance is less than the distance in the first direction between the forming platform 200 and the shovel 321 when it is at the initial position of the platform, that is, it is smaller than the distance in the first direction between the initial position of the platform and the position of the press knife.
  • the first distance is a preset distance.
  • the step of controlling the forming platform 200 to move toward the shovel 321 along the first direction at the first speed specifically includes: controlling the forming platform 200 to move toward the shovel 321 along the first direction at the first speed, and Detect whether the molding platform 200 has reached the speed change position, where the speed change position is between the shovel 321 and the initial position of the platform; when it is determined that the molding platform 200 has reached the speed change position, the molding platform 200 is controlled to end moving to the shovel 321 at the first speed.
  • the printer 010 may include a sensor configured to output a corresponding sensing signal to the control mechanism after the molding platform 200 moves to the variable speed position, and the control mechanism controls the molding platform 200 to end with the first step based on the sensing signal.
  • Controlling the forming platform 200 to end moving toward the shovel 321 at the first speed may include controlling the forming platform 200 to pause the movement and wait for the next stage to move toward the shovel 321 at a slower second speed; or directly controlling the moving speed of the forming platform 200 Switch to second speed.
  • the speed change position may be the position after the aforementioned molding platform 200 moves a preset distance at the first speed.
  • Step S300 When the pressure between the shovel and the forming surface reaches the pressure threshold, the forming platform and the shovel are stopped from approaching each other.
  • the pressure sensor continues to detect the pressure between the shovel 321 and the forming surface 210. If it is detected that the pressure reaches the pressure threshold, it means that the shovel 321 and the forming platform 200 are There is enough pressure between the shovels 321 to shovel parts, so the movement of the forming platform 200 can be controlled to stop, thereby stopping the forming platform 200 and the shovels 321 from approaching each other, and preventing the shovel 321 or the forming platform 200 from being overly stressed. damaged by pressure.
  • the pressure threshold may be a preset pressure value.
  • the molding platform 200 is controlled to stop moving.
  • the process of the molding platform 200 moving toward the shovel 321 at the second speed in the first direction can be regarded as a knife pressing process.
  • the molding platform 200 descends a sufficient distance (such as the second distance in this embodiment) during the knife pressing process. Finally, if the pressure between the shovel 321 and the forming surface 210 has not reached the pressure threshold, there may be an abnormality: for example, the shovel 321 has not moved to the knife-pressing position, or the shovel 321 has been damaged, or the pressure sensor has failed. At this time, in order to avoid further damage to the equipment, the molding platform 200 can be controlled to stop moving and abnormal situations can be investigated.
  • step S100 may be performed before or after step S200 and step S300, or may be performed simultaneously with step S200 and step S300.
  • Step S400 control the shovel to slide on the molding surface to peel the printed part from the molding surface to the receiving part.
  • Step S400 is a shovel step.
  • the shovel 321 is controlled to advance in the second direction (the blade 3211 moves forward), thereby removing the printed part 020 from the molding surface. 210 on peel.
  • step S400 specifically includes: controlling the shovel 321 to slide on the forming surface 210 and detecting whether the shovel 321 reaches the end position of the shovel 321; when it is detected that the shovel 321 reaches the end position of the shovel 321, controlling the shovel 321 to slide on the forming surface 210.
  • Tool 321 stops moving.
  • the shovel 321 After the shovel 321 slides on the forming surface 210 along the second direction, the shovel 321 will eventually reach the end position of the shovel 321. At this time, the control mechanism receives the in-position signal from the first sensor 360, and the control mechanism The shovel driving assembly 330 is controlled to stop driving, and finally the shovel 321 reaches the position shown in the second step in FIG. 30 .
  • the shovel 321 can be controlled to stop moving.
  • the first duration can be set as needed, such as 10s, 15s or 20s.
  • an abnormality may occur, such as in the first sensor 360 fails or the shovel driving assembly 330 is damaged, so the driving can be stopped and the abnormality can be checked.
  • the shovel 321 is controlled to move to the initial position of the shovel 321.
  • the control mechanism controls the shovel 321 to move to the initial position of the shovel 321, and stops the movement of the shovel 321 when receiving the initial sensing signal of the shovel 321 output by the second sensor 361.
  • the molding platform 200 can also be controlled to return to the initial position of the platform; specifically, the molding platform 200 is controlled to move to the initial position of the platform, and when receiving the in-position signal output by the sensor, the movement of the molding platform 200 is stopped.
  • Step S500 Control the receiving member that receives the printed parts to leave from the material receiving position.
  • step S500 specifically includes: controlling the receiving member 351 receiving the printed parts to move from the discharging position to the discharging position.
  • the material shifting member 354 and the receiving member 351 are connected through magnetic attraction.
  • the connecting member driving assembly can be controlled. 352 drives the material-moving member 354 to move.
  • the material-moving member 354 drives the receiving member 351 to move from the material receiving position toward the discharging position.
  • the receiving member 351 moves to the discharging position, it will stay at the discharging position due to the obstruction of the limiting member, as shown in the third step in Figure 30 .
  • the 3D printing method may also include:
  • Step S600 Unload the printed parts received by the receiving member at the discharging position.
  • the connecting member driving assembly 352 can drive the material shifting member 354 to move from the side of the receiving member 351 away from the discharging opening 3511 toward the discharging opening 3511 , to remove the printed parts 020 contained in the material receiving space from the discharge port 3511.
  • the driving member 354 overcomes the magnetic attraction between the receiving member 351 and moves toward the discharge port 3511, thereby discharging the printed part 020.
  • Port 3511 is allocated.
  • the material picking part 3541 of the material picking part 354 is a soft material picking part
  • the liquid printing material in the material receiving space can also be pulled out from the material outlet.
  • the material removing member 354 can reach the material removing completion position after the printed part 020 is pulled out from the material outlet 3511.
  • the 3D printing method of this embodiment also includes: when determining that the material removing member 354 reaches the material removing completion position, The material-moving member 354 is controlled to stop moving.
  • the stripping completion sensor 363 will output a stripping completion sensing signal to the control mechanism, so that the control mechanism controls the stripping member 354 to stop moving, and the stripping member 354 stops moving.
  • the control mechanism controls the stripping member 354 to stop moving, and the stripping member 354 stops moving.
  • 354 and the receiving member 351 reach the position shown in the fourth step in Figure 30 .
  • Step S700 drive the material shifting member to move, so as to drive the receiving member to move to the waiting position and then stop moving.
  • controlling the receiving member 351 to move to the waiting position includes: controlling the receiving member driving assembly 352 to drive the material picking member 354 to complete the material removal.
  • the position moves in a direction away from the discharge port 3511 of the receiving member 351 to an end of the receiving member 351 away from the discharge port 3511, and contacts the receiving member 351, and brings the receiving member 351 to the waiting position and then stops moving.
  • the waiting position is the position where the receiving part 351 waits to receive the printed parts. It is more efficient to move from the waiting position to the material receiving position for receiving materials, and this position is outside the printing area and will not affect the progress of the printing job. Wait for the printing to be completed after the printing is completed. The piece 351 then moves to the material receiving position. Therefore, the step of controlling the movement of the receiving member 351 to the material receiving position is specifically: controlling the movement of the receiving member 351 from the waiting position to the material receiving position.
  • the waiting position of the receiving member 351 is located between the material receiving position and the discharging position; in another optional embodiment, the waiting position coincides with the discharging position.
  • the material shifting member 354 needs to move in the second direction away from the discharge port 3511 of the receiving member 351 so as to contact the end of the receiving member 351 away from the discharge port 3511 so that the connecting member assembly 350 can be lowered.
  • the receiving part 351 is driven to move to the material receiving position in preparation.
  • the material shifting member 354 moves to contact with the receiving member 351, there may be a contact effect between the magnetic attraction and the material shifting member 354, causing the receiving member 351 to move a certain distance toward the material receiving position and enter the printing area. within, which may affect the printing work of printer 010, as shown in the fifth step in Figure 30. Therefore, in this case, after contacting the receiving member 351, the material shifting member 354 needs to be driven by the connecting member driving assembly 352 to drive the receiving member 351 to move an end distance away from the material receiving position in the second direction to reach the waiting position. position, and assume the posture shown in step 6 in Figure 30. In the sixth step of Figure 30, the posture of the shovel mechanism 300 is the same as that in the first step, and the receiving member 351 is in the waiting position. At this point, the receiving member 351 has completed a complete receiving process.
  • the socket sensor 364 is configured to output a waiting sensing signal to the control mechanism when the socket 351 reaches the waiting position, and the control mechanism controls the joint driving assembly 352 to stop driving according to the waiting sensing signal.
  • the storage part 400 can be used to receive the printed parts 020 removed from the receiving part 351 . Further, in order to promptly remind the operator to take away the printed parts 020 when the storage parts 400 are full and prevent the printed parts 020 from falling out of the storage parts 400, the 3D printing method also includes: detecting whether the storage parts 400 are full; When the storage item 400 is full, the full item prompt message is controlled to be output.
  • the full package prompt information may be a voice prompt information, and/or a picture or text prompt information.
  • the printer 010 may include a speaker, a display screen, and other interactive mechanisms for outputting the full package prompt information.
  • the shovel 321, the material shifting piece 354, the receiving piece 351, and the forming platform 200 are determined to be abnormal during the operation.
  • the gap between the shovel 321 and the forming surface 210 The pressure has not reached the pressure threshold, and the shovel 321 has not been detected to reach the end position of the shovel 321 after the shovel 321 has slid on the forming surface 210 for the first period of time, a prompt message can also be issued to allow the operator to discover and troubleshoot abnormalities. .
  • the 3D printing method in this application may also include a method of automatically adding liquid.
  • the printing material may be automatically added to the material tray 700 by controlling the automatic liquid adding mechanism under certain conditions.
  • the automatic liquid adding mechanism may be the same as or different from the automatic liquid adding mechanism in the previous embodiment, and the liquid adding method may be gravity filling, pumping liquid filling, etc. There is no limitation here, as long as automatic filling can be realized. liquid.
  • printing material can be added to the material tray 700 through an automatic liquid adding mechanism before a printing operation of the printer 010 is started.
  • this embodiment is not limited to performing a liquid adding operation before each printing starts. For example, whether liquid adding is required may be determined based on at least the amount of printing material in the material tray 700 and other factors.
  • the liquid when adding liquid is required, if there is no need to perform a shovel operation before the start of a printing, then the liquid can be added directly, and the 3D printing can be carried out after the liquid addition is completed; and if it is necessary to perform a shovel operation before the start of a printing
  • the automatic liquid filling can be performed simultaneously with the shovel operation, or the automatic liquid filling can be performed before or after the shovel operation is completed. There is no limitation here.
  • the automatic liquid adding mechanism can be controlled to add liquid after the previous printing is completed (at this time the lighting mechanism has stopped exposing).
  • the liquid addition can be started when the molding platform 200 starts to rise, the liquid addition can also be started when the molding platform 200 rises and reaches the initial position of the platform, or the shovel 321 can be started to move from the initial position of the shovel.
  • the shovel 321 moves to the cutting position, when the cutting is completed, the shovel 321 starts shoveling, the shovel 321 moves to the shovel end position, and the receiving part 351 moves to the discharging position, the automatic liquid filling is started, as long as it can meet the requirements of completing the shoveling operation.
  • Automatic liquid addition can be completed before or at the same time, and there is no specific limit here.
  • the start of automatic liquid addition can be further determined based on the liquid level of the printing material in the material tray 700 , that is, after reaching the above time node, the liquid level is further detected, and the liquid level meets the liquid filling requirement. For example, after reaching the above time node, and/or liquid is added when it is lower than the preset liquid level; and the termination of the automatic liquid filling can be based on at least one of the liquid level of the printing material in the material tray 700, the estimated amount of printing material required for the print to be printed, etc.
  • One method is to determine, for example, stop adding liquid when the liquid level reaches and/or is higher than another preset liquid level, or when the added amount is equal to or greater than the estimated amount of printing material required for the part to be printed.
  • the initial liquid level of the printing material in the material tray 700 can be detected by the liquid level sensor and fed back to the control mechanism. After detecting that the initial liquid level of the printing material in the material tray 700 is lower than At the first target liquid level, the automatic liquid adding mechanism is controlled to add printing material to the material tray 700, and during the process of adding printing material to the material tray, the liquid level sensor is used to detect the liquid level in the material tray 700 in real time or at predetermined intervals. The liquid level of the printing material is fed back to the control mechanism. When it is detected that the liquid level of the printing material in the material tray 700 reaches the second target liquid level, the automatic liquid adding mechanism is controlled to stop adding printing material to the material tray 700, thereby completing the automatic Add liquid. Wherein, the first target liquid level may be lower than the second target liquid level.
  • the first target liquid level can also coincide with the second target liquid level.
  • the liquid addition can be controlled, and when the liquid level rises to This preset low/high level stops dosing when the level is low.
  • the automatic printing mechanism is the automatic liquid adding mechanism 900 in the previous embodiment.
  • the step of performing automatic liquid adding may include:
  • the print information may include parameters of the print, such as the number of printing layers, printing time, slicing data, process parameters, etc.
  • the printout information can be directly retrieved from the memory of the printer 010 or obtained through other methods.
  • the first liquid level can be obtained through the above-mentioned liquid level sensor, or can also be obtained by other means.
  • the type of printing material is determined based on the print information, and the liquid adding parameters are selected based on the type of printing material. It should be noted that a one-to-one correspondence between the type of printing material and the liquid adding parameters can be set in advance, and the liquid adding parameters can be determined after the type of printing material is determined.
  • S40 Control the liquid adding driving assembly 940 to drive the blocking member 931 so that the liquid outlet is in an open state to add printing material to the material tray 700 and maintains the open state for the liquid adding time.
  • the current position of the molding platform 200 can be obtained first.
  • the liquid adding driving assembly 940 is controlled to drive the blocking member 931 so that the liquid outlet is in an open state; and when the liquid is discharged, After the time period in which the port remains in the open state reaches the above-mentioned liquid adding time period, the liquid adding driving assembly 940 is controlled to drive the blocking member 931 so that the liquid outlet is in a blocking state.
  • step S10 may also be included: obtaining the current weight of the storage mechanism 950 of the 3D printer; the first liquid adding condition also includes that the current weight is greater than the second preset value. Set value.
  • a replacement prompt can be issued to facilitate the operator to replace the storage mechanism 950 in time to ensure the amount of printing material in the feed box 920 .
  • the current weight of the storage mechanism 950 can be obtained by receiving the weight information transmitted by the gravity sensor.
  • step S50 is also included:
  • issuing a prompt message to report an error through this step can facilitate the operator to troubleshoot the fault information of the printer 010. For example, when the first liquid level information is lower than the preset liquid level, it may be that the liquid outlet 922 is blocked, etc. .
  • the liquid filling needs for printing on different materials can be adapted.
  • precise control of the printing material in the material tray 700 can be achieved, further improving the success rate of printing and avoiding the waste of printing materials.
  • printing material can be added to the material tray 700 through an automatic liquid adding mechanism during the printing process of the printer 010 .
  • the liquid adding operation is not limited to be performed during each printing process, but can be determined according to the liquid level of the printing material in the material tray 700, printing requirements, etc.
  • printing when performing the liquid adding operation, printing can be paused first, including the platform driving mechanism 800 pausing to drive the movement of the molding platform 200, the lighting mechanism pausing exposure, etc., and then the automatic liquid adding mechanism is controlled to add liquid, and after the liquid adding is completed, , or further wait until the printing material in the material tray 700 is stable before starting printing. In this way, even if liquid is added during the printing process, the printing material in the material tray 700 will not be disturbed and the printing quality will not be adversely affected.
  • the start of automatic liquid addition can be determined based on the liquid level of the printing material in the material tray 700, printing data, etc., for example, when the liquid level reaches and/or is lower than the preset liquid level, or after the previous liquid addition, the printing job
  • the consumption of printing materials, the number of printed layers, the height of the printed parts, the volume of the printed parts and other printing data are determined;
  • the termination of the automatic liquid addition can be based on the liquid level of the printing material in the material tray 700.
  • At least one of the position, the estimated amount of printing material required for the print to be printed, etc. is determined, for example, when the liquid level reaches and/or is higher than another preset liquid level, or when the added amount is equal to or Stop adding fluid when the estimated amount of printing material required for the part to be printed is exceeded.
  • the liquid level sensor can be used to detect the liquid level of the printing material in the material tray 700 in real time or at predetermined time intervals, and feedback it to the control mechanism.
  • the printing material in the material tray 700 is detected, When the initial liquid level is lower than the first target liquid level, printing can be paused, and then the automatic liquid adding mechanism is controlled to add printing material to the material tray 700, and during the process of adding printing material to the material tray 700, the printing process can be performed in real time or every other time.
  • the liquid level of the printing material in the material tray 700 is detected by the liquid level sensor at predetermined time intervals, and is fed back to the control mechanism.
  • the automatic liquid adding mechanism When it is detected that the liquid level of the printing material in the material tray 700 reaches the second target liquid level, the automatic liquid adding mechanism is controlled. Stop adding printing material to the material tray 700 to complete the automatic liquid filling, and then continue to start printing.
  • the first target liquid level may be lower than the second target liquid level.
  • the first target liquid level can also coincide with the second target liquid level.
  • the liquid addition can be controlled, and when the liquid level rises to This preset low/high level stops dosing when the level is low.
  • the target liquid level of the material tray 700 can be preset, and during the printing process, the number of printing layers, printing height, printing volume (that is, the volume of the printed print), consumption of printing materials, etc. can be obtained At least one of the print data, when the value corresponding to the print data reaches a preset value, for example, when the printer prints a predetermined number of layers or a predetermined height of prints or consumes a preset amount of printing material, or when it is estimated that the When the volume of the printed print reaches the maximum consumption of printing material in a single time (the maximum consumption can be preset so as not to exhaust the printing material in the tray 700 during the printing process), printing can be temporarily suspended.
  • the automatic liquid adding mechanism controls the automatic liquid adding mechanism to add printing material to the material tray 700, and during the process of adding printing material to the material tray 700 by the automatic liquid adding mechanism, detect the material tray 700 through the liquid level sensor in real time or at predetermined intervals. The liquid level of the printing material in the material tray 700 is detected and fed back to the control mechanism. When it is detected that the liquid level of the printing material in the material tray 700 reaches the target liquid level, the automatic liquid adding mechanism can be controlled to stop adding printing material to the material tray 700, thereby completing the process. Add fluid, and then continue printing after adding fluid.
  • the number of printing layers, printing height, printing volume, and printing material consumption refer to the number of printing layers, printing The height of the printed part, the printed volume of the printed part, the amount of printing material consumed, etc.; or if automatic liquid addition has not been performed since the start of this printing, the number of printed layers will be calculated from the start of this printing. number, the printed height of the printed piece, the printed volume of the printed piece, the amount of printing material consumed, etc. Of course, in other application scenarios, it can also refer to the cumulative number of printing layers, cumulative printing height, cumulative printing volume, cumulative consumption of printing materials, etc., which are not limited here.
  • the printing volume can be estimated based on the slice data corresponding to the printed print. For example, the corresponding volume can be obtained based on the area of each layer of slices and the corresponding layer thickness.
  • the preset target liquid level may be a lower liquid level.
  • the target liquid level can be set based on the shape and size of the material tray 700 and the influence of other related components of the printer 010 .
  • the amount of printing material corresponding to the target liquid level can be less than the total consumption of printing materials in one printing process, that is, it cannot meet the amount required by printer 010 to complete one printing, so it needs to be added during the printing process. Automatically add liquid.
  • the amount of printing material corresponding to the liquid level may also be able to meet the consumption corresponding to one printing or several printings. For example, when the consumption of one printing can be met, it can be added before the next printing. Printing material, the amount added at this time can be added according to the monitoring of the liquid level.
  • the printing material in the material tray 700 is always maintained at a low liquid level through the control mechanism of the automatic liquid adding mechanism, which can reduce the number of The printing material in the material tray 700 is in contact with external light, thereby greatly reducing the probability of unnecessary solidification of the printing material due to contact with external light, reducing the possibility of residues being generated in the material tray 700, thereby reducing the risk of adversely affecting the printing quality. .
  • the automatic liquid adding method in this embodiment can also add liquid by referring to the method of determining the liquid adding time based on the printed information in the previous embodiment, but the time node for adding liquid is different.
  • the time node for adding liquid is different.
  • the control mechanism can obtain the liquid level of the printing material in the material tray 700 through a liquid level sensor.
  • the liquid level sensor can specifically include any one of the following sensors: impedance sensor, capacitive sensor and laser sensor.
  • the 3D printing method provided by this application may include controlling the molding platform 200 and the shovel 321 to approach each other, and obtaining the pressure between the shovel 321 and the molding surface 210; When the pressure reaches the pressure threshold, the molding platform 200 and the shovel 321 are stopped from approaching each other; the shovel 321 is controlled to slide on the molding surface 210 to peel the printed part from the molding surface 210 .
  • This 3D printing method can automatically realize the operations of peeling off the printed parts from the molding platform 200, accepting the printed parts, unloading the printed parts at the discharging position, and storing them in the storage part 400.
  • the shovel mechanism 300 provided in this application includes a shovel assembly 310 and a connector assembly 350.
  • the shovel assembly 310 is configured to peel the printed parts from the molding surface 210
  • the connector assembly 350 is configured to accept the molded parts at the material receiving position. Peel off the printed piece on surface 210 and move the printed piece away from the material receiving position.
  • the 3D printer 010 provided by this application includes a molding platform 200, a platform driving mechanism 800 and the above-mentioned shovel mechanism 300; the molding platform 200 has a molding surface 210, the molding surface 210 is configured for attachment of printed parts, and the platform driving mechanism 800 is configured as The forming platform 200 is driven to move; the pressure sensor is configured to obtain the pressure between the shovel 321 and the forming surface 210 .
  • the 3D printer 010 provided by this application can realize the above-mentioned 3D printing method, so it also has beneficial effects such as high operating efficiency, stable quality of printed products, and reduced pollution of printing materials to people or equipment. At the same time, printing operations can also be carried out unattended, saving labor costs.
  • the shoveling mechanism, shoveling method and 3D printer provided by this application can automate the entire process of shoveling, connecting, storing and other operations, so it can improve printing efficiency and enable unattended printing operations, reducing the number of Labor costs; Moreover, the quality of the printed products of this 3D printer is stable, and it can reduce the pollution of printing materials to people or equipment.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种铲件机构、3D打印机和3D打印方法,涉及打印技术领域。铲件机构应用于3D打印机,3D打印机包括成型平台,成型平台具有成型面,铲件机构包括铲件组件和接件组件,铲件组件包括铲具和铲件驱动组件,铲具被配置为将打印件从成型面上剥离;铲件驱动组件被配置为驱动铲具和成型平台中的至少一者,使得铲具和成型平台相对移动,以通过铲具将打印件从成型面上剥离;接件组件包括承接件和接件驱动组件,承接件具有接料位并被配置为在接料位承接从成型面上剥离的打印件;接件驱动组件被配置为驱动承接件移动至接料位。该铲件机构可以实现打印机在无人值守时进行作业,减少人力成本,提高打印效率。

Description

铲件机构、3D打印机和3D打印方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2022年04月26日提交中国专利局的申请号分别为202210450165.3、202210450163.4、202210450161.5,名称分别为“铲件机构、3D打印机和3D打印方法”、“中转加液装置、自动加液装置、3D打印机及加液方法”、“3D打印机的打印件处理方法及3D打印机”的三件中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及3D打印技术领域,具体而言,涉及一种铲件机构、3D打印机和3D打印方法。
背景技术
在进行3D打印完成后,即打印材料在成型平台上固化形成打印件之后,固态的三维打印件被保持在成型平台上,未固化的打印材料附着在已固化的打印件上。现有的3D打印流程,多数采用人工铲件方式使打印件与成型平台分离。当从成型平台移除打印件时,存在因打印件上附着的未固化的打印材料致使操作者被污染,或者操作者取下打印件时设备被污染的风险。此外,一次打印完成后,需暂停机器等待人工使用平铲剥离打印件,这种方式效率低,并且无法保证一致性,导致打印件质量不稳定。
发明内容
本申请的目的包括提供一种铲件机构、3D打印机和3D打印方法,其能够实现打印机以标准化的方式对所制造出来的三维打印件进行自动地移除,其使得打印作业效率更高,且打印件质量更稳定。
本申请的实施例可以这样实现:
第一方面,本申请提供一种铲件机构,应用于3D打印机,3D打印机包括成型平台,成型平台具有成型面,成型面被配置为附着打印件,铲件机构包括铲件组件和接件组件,铲件组件包括铲具和铲件驱动组件,铲具被配置为将打印件从成型面上剥离;铲件驱动组件被配置为驱动铲具和成型平台中的至少一者,使得铲具和成型平台相对移动,以通过铲具将打印件从成型面上剥离;接件组件包括承接件和接件驱动组件,承接件具有接料位并被配置为在接料位承接从成型面上剥离的打印件;接件驱动组件被配置为驱动承接件移动至接料位。
第二方面,本申请提供一种3D打印机,包括上述第二方面的铲件机构,3D打印机还包括料盘和成型平台,料盘被配置为盛放打印材料,成型平台具有成型面并被配置为将打印材料逐层粘附至成型面上,以得到打印件,其中,铲件机构位于料盘与成型平台之间。
第三方面,本申请提供一种3D打印方法,应用于3D打印机,3D打印机包括成型平台、承接件和铲具,成型平台具有被配置为附着打印件的成型面,承接件具有接料位,该3D打印方法包括:控制承接件移动至接料位;控制铲具在成型面上滑动以将打印件从成型面上剥离至承接件;控制承接有打印件的承接件移动,以远离接料位。
本申请实施例的有益效果包括:
本申请提供的铲件机构包括铲件组件和接件组件,铲件组件被配置为将打印件从成型面上剥离,接件组件被配置为在接料位承接打印件并将打印件从接料位送出。本申请提供的3D打印机包括成型平台、料盘和上述的铲件机构。本申请提供的3D打印机能够实现上述的3D打印方法,因此也具有作业效率高,减少打印材料对人身或设备的污染,可实现打印作业无人值守等有益效果。
本申请提供的3D打印方法,3D打印方法包括控制承接件移动至接料位,控制铲具在成型面上滑动以将打印件从成型面上剥离至承接件,控制承接有打印件的承接件移动,以远离接料位。该3D打印方法可以自动化地实现将打印件从成型平台上剥离的操作,提高了打印效率。该方法能够避免人工进行铲件所导致的人身或者设备被污染,同时,由于该3D打印方法的铲件、接件和送出打印件的整个流程通过自动化实现,因此可以实现打印机在无人值守时进行作业,减少了人力成本。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,应当理解,以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例,因此不应被看作是对范围的限定,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一种实施例中3D打印机的整体示意图;
图2为本申请一种实施例中成型平台与铲件机构的配合示意图;
图3为本申请一种实施例中铲件机构的第一示意图;
图4为本申请一种实施例中铲件机构的第二示意图;
图5为本申请一种实施例中铲具组件与传动块的装配示意图;
图6为本申请一种实施例中铲件机构(局部)与成型平台接触的示意图;
图7为本申请一种实施例中铲具朝向成型面一侧平行于成型面的示意图;
图8为本申请一种实施例中调节组件仅包含第一弹性件时铲具与成型平台接触的示意图;
图9为本申请一种实施例中铲具的示意图;
图10a至图10c为本申请一种实施例中铲具在铲件过程中的示意图;
图11为本申请一种实施例中刀刃倾斜的铲具的铲件示意图;
图12为本申请一种实施例中具有弧形刀刃的铲具的铲件示意图;
图13为本申请一种实施例中读卡器的设置示意图;
图14为本申请一种实施例中成型平台及相关结构的示意图;
图15为本申请一种实施例中料盘及相关结构的示意图;
图16为本申请一种实施例中接件组件的第一示意图;
图17为本申请一种实施例中接件组件的第二示意图;
图18为本申请另一种实施例中承接件翻转的示意图;
图19为本申请一种实施例中铲件机构的各个传感器的分布示意图;
图20为本申请一种实施例中料盘固定前的状态示意图;
图21为本申请一种实施例中料盘固定后的状态示意图
图22为本申请一种实施例中浮动机构与磁铁吸合的示意图;
图23为本申请一种实施例中基板与浮动机构装配示意图;
图24为本申请一种实施例中自动加液机构在第一视角下的示意图;
图25为本申请一种实施例中自动加液机构的中转加液组件的装配示意图;
图26为本申请一种实施例中自动加液机构的中转加液组件的爆炸视图;
图27为本申请一种实施例中自动加液机构在第二视角下的示意图;
图28为本申请一种实施例中的3D打印方法的流程图;
图29为本申请一种实施例中控制成型平台和铲具相互接近并获取铲具与成型面之间的压力的流程图;
图30为本申请一种实施例中铲件机构在铲件过程的各节点下的不同姿态的示意图。
图标:010-打印机;020-打印件;100-机柜;110-操作机构;200-成型平台;210-成型面;220-平台标签;230-平台读卡器;300-铲件机构;310-铲件组件;320-铲具组件;321-铲具;3211-刀刃;3212-第一表面;3213-第二表面;3214-坡面;322-刀座;323-调节组件;3231-第一弹性件;3232-调节件;324-阻液件;325-铲具标签;326-遮板;330-铲件驱动组件;331-动力模组;332-传动模组;333-动力接收单元;3331-主动轮;3332-从动轮;3333-传动带;334-传动轴;335-同步传动单元;3351-传动轮;3352-同步轮;3353-同步带;336-滑轨;337-滑动座;338-滑块;339-传动块;340-铲具读卡器;350-接件组件;351-承接件;3511-出料口;3512-第二磁性部;352-接件驱动组件;3521-丝杆;3522-接件驱动件;353-承接件轨道;354-拨料件;3541-拨料部;3542-第一磁性部;355-拨料件轨道;360-第一感测器;361-第二感测器;362-接料位感测器;363-拨料完成感测器;364-承接件感测器;365-打印件感测器;400-储存件;500-基板;510-透光区域;520-物料接收孔;530-避位通孔;540-浮动机构;541-浮动件;5411-第一通孔;5412-限位槽;542-导向轴;5421-限位部;543-抵接件;5431-顶面;544-第二弹性件;545-第一磁吸件;546-调节板;5461-第二通孔;5462-调节螺孔;547-连接螺钉;548-调节螺钉;549-第三弹性件;550-导向压块;560-磁铁;700-料盘;710-料盘标签;720-料盘读卡器;730-凸缘;800-平台驱动机构;900-自动加液机构;910-中转加液组件;920-加料盒;921-加料盒本体;922-出液部;923-出液管 道;924-第一固定支架;925-第二固定支架;926-防呆件;9261-定位孔;9262-定位销;930-锁紧结构;931-封堵件;9311-挡板;9312-连接板;9313-抵持部;9314-密封塞;932-滑动件;933-螺栓;934-传动杆;940-加液驱动组件;950-储料机构;951-储液瓶;952-止回阀。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本申请实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
因此,以下对在附图中提供的本申请的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本申请的范围,而是仅仅表示本申请的选定实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
应注意到:相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项,因此,一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义,则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。
在本申请的描述中,需要说明的是,若出现术语“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,或者是该发明产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外,若出现术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于区分描述,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请的实施例中的特征可以相互结合。
现有技术中的3D打印机利用可固化的打印材料,在成型平台上逐层地打印出三维的打印件。在打印件打印完成后,需要将打印件从成型平台上移出,但目前采用的方法是人工铲件,操作者通过手持铲刀,将打印件从成型平台上铲下。这种方式具有以下缺点:
(1)打印机需要人员值守,每打印完成一个打印件便需要人工进行铲件,才能打印下一个打印件,人力成本较高,打印作业的效率也比较低;
(2)人工铲件难以保证铲件操作的一致性,铲件作业难以标准化,因此打印件质量不稳定;
(3)刚完成不久的打印件表面仍附着有未完全固化的打印材料,操作者很可能会接触这些未固化的打印材料导致人身被打印材料污染,而且在铲件过程中打印机内也可能存在被污染的风险。
为了改善上述现有技术中的至少一个缺陷,本申请实施例提供一种铲件机构、3D打印机和3D打印方法,能够实现自动化地对成型平台上的打印件进行分离,避免人工进行铲件,实现了标准化的铲件作业,有利于提高效率、减少人力成本和避免人身、设备受到污染。
为了方便理解本申请实施例提供的3D打印方法,下面首先对本申请实施例提供的3D打印机进行介绍。
图1为本申请一种实施例中3D打印机010的整体示意图;图2为本申请一种实施例中成型平台200与铲件机构300的配合示意图。如图1和图2所示,本申请实施例提供的3D打印机010(后文简称打印机010)可包括机柜100以及设置于机柜100内的成型平台200、铲件机构300、基板500、光照机构(图中未示出)、料盘700(见图19)和平台驱动机构800。其中,成型平台200及料盘700可设置于基板500的一侧,光照机构则可设置于基板500的另一侧。本实施例中,3D打印机010的各机构互相配合,以将打印材料成型为所需要的打印件。
在本申请实施例中,成型平台200可具有成型面210(见图10a),成型面210可用于供打印件附着,平台驱动机构800则可用于驱动成型平台200移动。本实施例中,平台驱动机构800可用于驱动成型平台200在第一方向(也即图中箭头cd所指方向)上移动,成型平台200的移动路径可以是直线的。具体地,第一方向可垂直于基板500的板面,成型平台200的成型面210可为成型平台200的下表面,并可与基板500的板面相对。在打印过程中,打印件可逐层固化在成型面210上,并且随着打印件的逐层形成,成型平台200逐渐升高。
进一步参阅图19,基板500可具有透光区域510,料盘700可放置于该透光区域510处,且料盘700的对应透光区域510部分的材质可以为透明材质,料盘700可用于承载打印材料。需要说明的是,本申请实施例提供的打印机010所使用的打印材料可以为液态的光敏材料,比如光敏树脂等。该打印材料可通过一定波长的光线照射而固化,从而形成具有一定强度的、固态的打印件。
光照机构可对应透光区域510而设置在基板500的下方,并可发射能够使得打印材料固化的光线。相应地,料盘700和成型平台200则可位于基板500的上方。
在进行3D打印时,平台驱动机构800可驱动成型平台200靠近料盘700运动,并使得成型面210浸没在料盘700所承载的打印材料中,光照机构的光线能够经过透光区域510,照射到料盘700内,使得位于料盘700的底部与成型面210之间的打印材料固化,并固化于成型平台200的成型面210上,或者固化于已经固化在成型面210上的前一层打印材料上。
进一步参阅图1至图4以及图19,在一实施例中,铲件机构300可位于成型平台200与料盘700之间,并可用于在打印完成后,自动将打印件从成型面210上剥离,使得成型平台200可以继续用于配合打印下一个打印件,而无需操作人员手动将成型平台200从打印机010上取下进行铲件操作。具体地,铲件机构300可包括铲件组件310和接件组件350。
其中,铲件组件310可包括铲具组件320和铲件驱动组件330。其中,铲具组件320可包括铲具321。铲件驱动组件330可用于驱动铲具321和成型平台200中的至少一者,使得铲具321和成型平台200之间能够发生相对移动,以通过铲具321将打印件从成型面210上剥离。在本实施例中,铲件驱动组件330具体可用于驱动铲具321移动,以使得铲具321在成型平台200的成型面210上滑动,从而将已经打印完成的打印件从成型面210上剥离。可选地,铲件驱动组件330可驱动铲具321沿直线移动,在本实施例中,铲具321可在第二方向(图中箭头ef所指方向)上移动。其中第二方向可垂直于第一方向,并可平行于成型面210。
在本实施例中,铲具321为具有刀刃的铲刀,铲刀具有强度高,耐用性好的优点。
在一实施例中,铲件驱动组件330可包括动力模组331、传动模组332、滑轨336及滑动座337。铲具321可安装在该滑动座337上,且滑动座337可滑动连接于滑轨336。传动模组332分别与动力模组331和滑动座337传动连接,被配置为接收动力模组331输出的动力,以驱动滑动座337带动铲具321沿滑轨336移动。具体地,动力模组331可以为电机,例如步进电机等,当然也可以是其它能够提供动力的机构。
其中,滑轨336和滑动座337的数量可均为两个,两个滑轨336和两个滑动座337一一对应。两个滑轨336可平行间隔设置,两个滑动座337则可分别滑动连接于对应的滑轨336上。
进一步地,铲具321可整体呈条状,其长度方向可垂直于第一方向和第二方向,铲具321的沿其长度方向的两端可分别安装于间隔设置的两个滑动座337上,从而能够在两个滑动座337的带动下平稳地移动。
在一实施例中,传动模组332可包括动力接收单元333和同步传动单元335。动力接收单元333可分别与动力模组331和同步传动单元335连接,以接收动力模组331输出的动力,并传动至同步传动单元335;同步传动单元335则可与滑动座337传动连接,以驱动滑动座337在滑轨336上滑动,进而通过传动座带动铲具321运动。
具体地,动力接收单元333可包括主动轮3331、传动带3333和从动轮3332。其中,主动轮3331可连接动力模组331的输出端,从动轮3332则可通过传动带3333与该主动轮3331连接,从而可实现动力模组331输出的动力依次通过主动轮3331传递至从动轮3332。
同步传动单元335可包括传动轴334、两个传动轮3351、两个同步轮3352和两条同步带3353,且两个传动轮3351、两个同步轮3352和两条同步带3353分别一一对应。其中,从动轮3332套接在传动轴334的外围,从而传动轴334可与从动轮3332同步转动。两个传动轮3351分别套接于传动轴334的两端外围,并与传动轴334同步转动。进一步地,两个同步轮3352可分别通过对应的同步带3353与对应的传动轮3351连接,从而实现同步转动。
进一步地,每一滑动座337均可与对应的同步带3353传动连接,从而可在同步带3353的带动下沿 滑轨336所定义的方向滑动,从而实现铲具321的同步运动。
在一实施方式中,上述传动模组332的传动方式为齿轮和齿轮带之间的传动,滑动座337可包括滑块338,其中滑块338可包括呈锯齿状的啮合部,并可通过该啮合部与对应的同步带3353上的锯齿啮合,从而实现同步带3353与滑块338之间的传动。进一步地,滑动座337还可包括传动块339,该传动块339一侧与滑块338连接,另一侧与铲具组件320连接,且设置于滑块338的靠近啮合部的一侧,并设置于同步带3353的背离滑块338的一侧,从而使得同步带3353夹设于滑块338和传动块339之间。具体地,滑块338和传动块339之间可通过螺丝连接,通过二者的连接向夹设于二者之间的同步带3353施加压力,从而使得啮合部与同步带3353之间的传动更可靠、不易松动。
当然,在其他实施例中,也可以不采用这种方式进行传动。例如在一实施例中,动力模组331和传动模组332可分别为电机和丝杆,并进一步通过螺母与铲具321或铲具321的安装结构连接,从而实现对铲具321的驱动。需要说明的是,在这种情况下,可以不设置滑轨,铲具321或铲具321的安装结构直接与丝杆连接,从而驱动铲具321移动;也可以设置类似前述实施例的滑轨336,此时,丝杆可与滑动座337连接,被配置为驱动滑动座337沿滑轨336移动,从而带动铲具321。当然,此时滑动座337可不包括上述滑块338和传动块339而可作为一个整体结构,铲具321或铲具321的安装结构则可直接安装于该滑动座337。
图5为本申请一实施例中铲具组件320与传动块339的装配示意图;图6为本申请一种实施例中铲件机构300(局部)与成型平台200接触的示意图。如图5和图6所示,在本实施例中,铲具组件320还可包括刀座322,铲具321可通过刀座322安装于传动块339上。具体地,刀座322的数量可为两个,并分别与铲具321的两端及两个传动块339一一对应,且铲具321的两端分别安装于对应的两个刀座322上。进一步地,两个刀座322可分别转动连接于对应的传动块339。
在本实施例中,两个刀座322相对于传动块339的转动轴线的延伸方向与铲具321的长度方向一致,即垂直于铲具321的移动方向。由于本实施例中铲具321为铲刀,通过如此设置刀座322的转动方向,使得铲具321能够绕其长度方向转动,从而使得铲具321具备了调节仰角的条件。通过调节铲具321的仰角能够调节铲具321的进刀角(与成型面210的夹角),以满足不同使用场景下的需求。可以理解,铲具321的刀刃3211可贴合于成型面210以能够具有较佳的铲件效果,在成型平台200的成型面210朝下的情况下,可通过刀座322与传动块339之间的转动连接对铲具321的状态进行调节,以使铲具321的刀刃3211一侧上仰,即刀刃3211一侧相对于铲具321的其它部位位于高点,或者至少保持水平,这样能够使刀刃3211更好地接触成型面210。
如图5所示,在可选的实施方式中,铲具组件320还可包括调节组件323,刀座322的一端可转动连接于传动块339,刀座322的另一端可与调节组件323配合,铲具321固定连接于刀座322,调节组件323可用于调节刀座322相对于传动块339的转动角度,以调节铲具321相对于成型面210的倾角。如图6,可通过调节组件323使得铲具321朝向成型面210一侧与成型面210之间具有一定的夹角,也可以如图7所示,将铲具321朝向成型面210一侧调节至与成型面210平行。
在本实施例中,调节组件323包括第一弹性件3231,第一弹性件3231的一端可抵接刀座322,另一端可抵接传动块339。该第一弹性件3231能够向刀座322施加朝向成型面210的力,从而具有扩大铲具321相对于成型面210的倾角的趋势。在图6中,第一弹性件3231具有推动刀座322逆时针转动的趋势,因此在铲具321的刀刃3211与成型面210接触时,第一弹性件3231将铲具321压靠在成型面210上,并能够保持一定的压力,这样能够保证铲件的效果。另一方面,第一弹性件3231可变形,从而使得铲具321在铲件时具有一定的活动空间,从而能够减小成型平台200压靠于铲具321时应力过大导致铲具321损坏的风险。在本实施例中,第一弹性件3231可为压缩弹簧。
可以理解,为了保证良好的铲件效果,铲具321与成型面210之间的倾角不可过大,否则容易导致在成型面210上滑移时铲具321与打印件之间作用力过大,且容易破坏打印件或者铲具321的刀刃3211。另外,铲具321与成型面210之间的倾角过大,还可能导致铲具321与成型面210接近并压紧的过程中,铲具321的刀刃3211承受较大的应力而损坏(比如卷刃)。因此,在一些情况下,需要铲具321具有一个合理的预装角度,而不能任由第一弹性件3231将铲具321推至具有过大的仰角。因此,可选地,调 节组件323还可包括调节件3232,调节件3232相对于传动块339的距离可调,调节件3232可用于抵接刀座322的远离第一弹性件3231的一侧,从而限定刀座322的转动范围,以限制铲具321的仰角,即限制铲具321相对于成型面210的最大倾角。
具体地,本实施例中的调节件3232可以为调节螺栓,调节螺栓的螺杆可部分穿设于刀座322和压缩弹簧并与传动块339螺接,调节螺栓的头部被配置为抵接刀座322。可以看出,在第一弹性件3231具有足够的压缩弹力的情况下,调节螺栓抵接刀座322,从而限制铲具321的最大仰角,也即限定铲具321的预装角度。通过旋拧调节螺栓,使得铲具321的预装角度可调。当成型面210与铲具321接触时,可以使得第一弹性件3231进一步压缩,从而通过刀座322的转动而使得铲具321与成型面210之间的倾角减小至一个利于铲件的角度。
在一些可选的实施例中,调节组件323可以仅包含第一弹性件3231,在这种情况下,刀座322不受调节件3232的限制。在刀座322的转动不受限制的情况下,第一弹性件3231的最大伸展量应被限制在合理的范围,避免刀座322与铲具321在不被成型平台200压靠时过度翻转。在一实施例中,参阅图8,调节组件323可以仅包含第一弹性件3231,刀座322相对传动块339设置有结构硬限位,使得刀座322在逆时针转动至一定角度时会与传动块339抵接而无法继续转动,从而限定了刀座322相对于传动块339的最大转动角,并限定了铲具321的最大仰角,不至于在装配阶段铲具321与刀座322翻转角度过大而为装配带来不便。在一应用场景中,该结构硬限位使得刀座322最大可以逆时针转动7°。
在可选的其他实施例中,第一弹性件3231不限于压缩弹簧,也可以是橡胶、扭簧等具有弹性的部件。
请继续参照图5,铲具321可以为条状,并包括沿其长度方向设置的两端部,铲具321的刀刃3211可沿铲具321的长度方向延伸并设置于铲具321的两端部之间。在一实施例中,铲具组件320还可包括阻液件324,该阻液件324具体可设置在铲具321上,并可被配置为在铲具321铲件的过程中阻挡铲具321上的液体向铲具321的两端部流动。如图5所示,阻液件324的数量可以为两个,铲具321在两个阻液件324之间的部分用于铲件。由于打印件刚完成时,表面会存在部分未固化的打印材料,液态的打印材料能够被阻液件324阻挡,避免其顺着铲具321流动到铲具321的两端,或者滴落到铲具321下方的承接件351之外,造成设备污染。
图9为本申请一实施例中铲具321的示意图;图10a至图10c为本申请一种实施例中铲具321在铲件过程中的示意图。如图9和图10a~10c所示,本实施例中,铲具321具有相背的第一表面3212和第二表面3213,以及连接第一表面3212和第二表面3213的坡面3214,坡面3214与第一表面3212之间的夹角为锐角,坡面3214与第一表面3212的交接处形成铲具321的刀刃3211,坡面3214与第一表面3212之间的夹角则为刃角。当铲具321在成型面210上滑移时,刀刃3211接触成型面210,第一表面3212朝向成型面210,第二表面3213背离成型面210。坡面3214倾斜朝下,随着铲具321从打印件020的边缘切入,打印件020原本与成型面210接触的一侧滑移到坡面3214上,铲具321的坡面3214可以对打印件020进行导向,使其顺畅地从成型面210上剥离。坡面3214的横向长度可以与铲具321的长度一致;也可以仅仅布置在铲具321的其中一段(意味着刀刃3211的长度小于铲具321的长度),例如可仅布置在两个阻液件324之间的区域内,还可以根据实际需求设置成如图9中所示的方式,此处不做限定。在铲件过程中,铲具321的刀刃3211与成型面210接触,其坡面3214与成型面210之间的倾角即为进刀角(图10a至图10c中角A)。进刀角需要控制在合理的范围,较小的进刀角能够使得铲件时更为顺畅,打印件020被撕裂的概率也就越小;但过小的进刀角要求铲具321的刃角也比较小,较小的刃角容易出现刀刃3211崩裂或者卷刃。在可选的一些实施例中,在铲件时,可以控制进刀角在15°~20°,因此铲具321的刃角应当小于或等于该进刀角。
在本实施例中,铲具321的截面可为直角梯形,该截面是指垂直于铲具321的长度方向且位于刀刃3211位置的截面。截面的直角梯形的斜腰对应铲具321的坡面3214,直角梯形的底边对应铲具321的第一表面3212,直角梯形的顶边对应铲具321的第二表面3213。
提高铲具321的使用寿命能够减少更换铲具321的频率,从而提高生产效率。由于铲具321在铲件过程中与打印件020之间的作用力会影响铲具321的刀刃3211磨损速率,进而影响铲具321的寿命, 因此,需要合理地减小铲件过程中铲具321与打印件020的作用力,使铲件过程更为顺畅。在本实施例中,如图9所示,铲具321的刀刃3211可以为直线刀刃3211,其与成型面210接触的方式为线接触。如果待剥离的打印件020与成型面210的接触面的边缘也具有直线,并且垂直于铲件驱动组件330的驱动方向(也即铲具321的移动方向),那么可能会导致铲具321的刀刃3211与打印件020边缘接触时为线接触,此时铲具321与打印件020之间的作用力较大,铲具321的刀刃3211在较大的阻力下嵌入到打印件020与成型面210之间。为了减小铲具321开始切入至打印件020与成型面210之间时的阻力,可以使铲具321的刀刃3211在初始接触打印件020时的接触方式为点接触。图11为本申请一种实施例中刀刃3211倾斜的铲具321的铲件示意图。图11为从成型平台200所在一侧观察的俯视图。如图11所示,为了减小铲具321初始接触打印件020时的阻力,在可选的实施例中,可以令铲具321的直线刀刃3211倾斜于铲件驱动组件330的驱动方向,在这种情况下,铲具321的刀刃3211仍与成型面210线接触,但是在打印件020的边缘为直线且垂直于铲具321移动方向的情况下,铲具321可以从打印件020的直线边缘的其中一端开始切入。这种铲件方式能够使得刀刃3211与打印件020的开始接触时,接触方式为点接触,打印件020与铲具321的相互作用力较小。并且,在后续铲件过程中,铲具321相对于打印件020的运动方向具有刀刃3211延伸方向上的分量,因此具有横向的割开的效果,也有利于减小印件与铲具321之间的作用力。
图12为本申请一种实施例中具有弧形刀刃3211的铲具321的铲件示意图。图12为从成型平台200所在一侧观察的俯视图。如图12所示,为了使刀刃3211与打印件020的开始接触时的接触方式为点接触,还可以将铲具321的刀刃3211设置为弧形刀刃3211。弧形刀刃3211的铲具321在铲件时,刀刃3211的最前端首先接触打印件020的边缘,由一个点逐步切入,这种方式也能够减少铲件初期时铲具321与打印件020的接触力,从而使得打印件020能够更容易铲下。
当然,为了使铲具321更好地剥离打印件020,还可以对打印件020与成型面210的连接部分的形状进行优化。比如,将打印件020与成型面210接触的边缘轮廓设置为圆形,或者具有一段可供铲具321切入的弧形,这样能够使铲具321在铲件时以点接触的方式接触打印件020的边缘。或者,可以通过对打印件020的数据进行设计,使得在打印件020成型的初期,令打印件020与成型面210的接触角为钝角,即打印件020与底面(即与成型面210直接接触的面)连接的且靠近铲件一侧的外表面与成型面210之间的夹角为锐角。如此一来,打印件020的边缘具有一个楔形倒角可供铲具321切入,使得铲具321切入打印件020的瞬间便可以使打印件020受到向远离成型平台200的方向撬起的杠杆力,而传统的切入方法必须切入一定尺寸,通过铲具321将打印件020挤压裂口才可发挥该作用力。
在本实施例中,铲具321为具有刀刃的铲刀;但在可选的其他实施例中,铲具321也可以是钢丝、金刚丝,或者其他满足抗拉强度要求的丝线,也能够起到剥离打印件的作用。在一些实施例中,使用可加热的金属丝作为铲具321,还能够实现热切割的作用,有利于打印件的剥离。比如,可以通过通电的方式来加热金属丝。
本实施例中,铲具组件320还可包括铲具标签325,该铲具标签325可设置在铲具321上,从而可随铲具321运动,具体可设置在铲具321的靠近其沿长度方向的端部的位置,该位置不用于铲件,并可在阻液件324的阻挡下不受打印材料的污染。对应地,打印机010还设置有铲具读卡器340,被配置为识别铲具标签325。该铲具读卡器340可固定设置于靠近铲具321的铲具初始位置处,具体可直接或通过支架间接安装于基板500上,从而在铲具321完成铲件回到铲具初始位置处时,铲具读卡器340识别铲具标签325后,能够确定该铲具321的使用次数,因此能够对更换铲具321起到指导作用。
进一步地,铲具标签325可以是NFC标签,NFC标签并能够通过写入的方式记录其对应的铲具321的使用次数,具体地,可在铲具321完成铲件并回到铲具初始位置处时,通过3D打印机010的控制机构对铲具读卡器340进行控制,使其与铲具标签325进行通讯,使得铲具标签325执行写入使用次数的操作。而铲具读卡器340则对应为NFC读卡器,能够在铲具321回到铲具初始位置处时,与NFC标签进行通信通讯,从NFC标签取该铲具321的使用次数,并反馈至控制机构。在控制机构接收到铲具321的使用次数已满,达到其使用寿命,或者即将达到使用寿命时,可通过控制操控屏或者其它方式如响铃、灯光闪烁等方式进行报警或预警,以提醒及时更换对应的铲具321。另外,由于NFC标签够自行记录铲 具321的使用次数,因此,当铲具321在不同的打印机010上使用时,铲具读卡器340也能够从铲具标签325获取铲具321的使用次数,从而了解该铲具321的剩余使用寿命。
当然,在其它实施例中,铲具标签325和铲具读卡器340的位置及通讯时机不限定于上述方式,例如还可以安装铲具321控制铲具标签325与铲具读卡器340进行近场通讯,从而实现读取和写入,具体可根据实际需求进行设置,此处不做限定。
图13为本申请一种实施例中铲具读卡器340的设置示意图。如图13所示,铲具读卡器340可以设置在一个传动块339的外侧,从而随铲具321移动。具体地,铲具读卡器340可设置在安装于传动块339外侧的支架上。在可选的其他实施例中,铲具读卡器340也可以设置在打印机010的其他位置,只要能够与NFC标签实现近场通信即可。在其他一些实施例中,铲具标签325也可以是其他类型的电子标签,如二维码、字符码、数字码、条形码、特制图案、NFC标签、RFID标签、电子芯片等中的至少一种。另外,标签自身也可以不具备记录功能,而是由读卡器识别标签之后,由读卡器所连接的控制器来实现对铲具321使用情况的记录。当然,NFC标签不限定仅记录对应的铲具321的使用次数,还可以根据需要记录所对应的铲具321的其它身份信息,如编号、形状、材质、出厂时间、厂家、可铲打印件的材料、可承受铲件力的范围等,具体可根据实际使用需求进行设置,此处不做具体限定。
在一实施例中,请参阅图14,3D打印机的成型平台200上也可设置与上述铲具标签325功能相似的平台标签220,而在该平台标签220相应的位置,如成型平台200的安装结构上安装对应的平台读卡器230,从而配合写入和读取成型平台200的使用次数,以对成型平台200的使用寿命进行监控。在一个应用场景中,在安装上成型平台200并将要开始打印时,控制机构可控制平台读卡器230与成型平台200上的平台标签220通讯,并读取其记录的使用次数,若该成型平台寿命已到,或者预测到加上打印接下来的打印件所需要再次使用的次数会超出其寿命,则拒绝使用该成型平台200打印,例如在操控屏上显示提醒标识。例如,平台读卡器230读取到该成型平台200已经使用29999次,而该成型平台200的寿命是30000次,而接下来要打印的打印件有1000层,预测到打印该打印件后成型平台200就使用超过30000次了,因此会发出提醒并拒绝使用该成型平台200打印。
在另一个应用场景中,成型平台200上没有安装平台标签220,则在控制机构控制平台读卡器230与成型平台200上的平台标签220通讯时,会无法实现通讯,从而也会拒绝使用该成型平台200。
而对于NFC标签的记录功能,则可通过控制机构控制平台读卡器230与平台标签220通讯,使得平台标签220对应写入相应的使用次数,从而使得平台标签220能够记录自身的使用寿命。对于成型平台200上的平台标签220,可每打印一层则写入一次,也可在每完成一次打印或者开始一次打印时,写入该打印件对应的使用次数,具体可根据实际需求进行设置,此处不做具体限定。如此,若成型平台200从一台打印机换到另外一台打印机,由于其使用次数均记录在该成型平台上贴的平台标签220中,因此另一台打印机上的平台读卡器230与平台标签220的读写工作与前述相同。
进一步地,请参阅图15,在另一实施例中,料盘700上也设置有也可设置与上述平台标签220功能相似的料盘标签710,而在该料盘标签710相应的位置,如料盘700的安装结构上安装对应的料盘读卡器720,从而配合写入和读取料盘700的使用次数,以对料盘700的使用寿命进行监控。具体可在将料盘700安装在打印机上时,通过控制机构控制料盘标签710和料盘读卡器720通讯,从而实现写入和读取。此处的料盘标签710与料盘读卡器720可实现的功能及实现方式可与上述的平台标签220和平台读卡器230的相同,相关详细内容请参阅上述实施例,此处不再赘述。
图16为本申请一种实施例中接件组件350的示意图。如图16-图17所示,在本申请实施例中,接件组件350可包括承接件351和接件驱动组件352,承接件351具有接料位和出料位。承接件351可移动设置,并在处于接料位时,可位于成型平台200与料盘700之间,从而可承接从成型面210落下的打印件020,在处于出料位时则可将容纳的打印件020倒出。接件驱动组件352被配置为驱动承接件351在接料位与出料位之间移动,从而配合铲件组件310自动将成型平台200上粘附的已打印完成的打印件020铲下并转移,从而实现打印机010的无人值守的全自动铲件和接件。进一步地,接件组件350的设置,一方面使得铲件可直接在成型平台200原本所在的位置进行,3D打印机用于执行打印工作的机构、部件,如成型平台200等均不需移动,也不需要取下成型平台200,即只需要执行铲件工作的铲具321、 承接件351等移动至成型平台200下方进行铲件和接件即可,相比于相关技术中需要将成型平台200移动至设定位置或者需从打印机上取下成型平台200以进行铲件的情况,本实施例中的方案能够大大提高3D打印机的稳定性,从而能够提高打印机的打印质量,并能够降低打印机的维护频率、维护成本;另一方面,由于承接件351的承接作用,使得成型平台200、打印件020及铲具321上所粘附的液态的打印材料可直接流入承接件351的接料空间内,从而不至于滴落至其它位置而造成污染。
本实施例中,接料位与出料位可在第二方向上间隔,因此,承接件351的运动路径可与铲具321的运动路径平行。具体地,接件组件350还可包括承接件轨道353,承接件351的两侧搭接在承接件轨道353上,并可以在接件驱动组件352的驱动下沿着承接件轨道353在第二方向上滑动,承接件轨道353可起到支撑承接件351和对承接件351进行导向的作用。具体地,接件组件350还可包括与承接件351连接、并安装于承接件351两侧的滚轮,承接件351可通过该滚轮搭接在承接件轨道353上,并通过滚轮的滚动和/或滑动而实现承接件351在承接件轨道353上的滑动。进一步地,滚轮的数量可以为四个,即承接件351的两侧可分别安装两个,从而实现承接件351的稳定滑动。其中,这里承接件351的两侧可以指承接件351的沿铲具321的长度方向上的两侧。
在本实施例中,承接件351具有被配置为容纳打印件020的接料空间,从而可呈篓状,并且承接件351的一侧设置有一个连通接料空间的出料口3511,出料口3511可供打印件020从承接件351移出。当然,在本申请可选的其他实施例中,承接件351可以具有不同的结构形式,比如板状,只要其能够起到承接打印件的作用即可。
进一步地,接件组件350还可包括拨料件354,该拨料件354可用于将承接件351中的打印件拨出,从而释放接料空间,使得承接件351可继续承载其他打印件。其中,拨料件354可包括拨料部3541,该拨料部3541被配置为在拨件阶段拨动接料空间内的打印件,以将其拨出至出料口3511之外。进一步地,由于在一次打印结束后,成型平台200或打印件上都可能残留有液态的打印材料,从而在铲件时这些液态的打印材料都可能会流入承接件351的接料空间中,因此在一应用场景中,拨料部3541可至少位于拨料件354整体结构的靠近承接件351的接料空间的底部的一侧,以在拨件时能够将接料空间中的液态的打印材料也一并拨出至出料口3511之外。
在一个应用场景中,拨料部3541可由刚性材质制成,可以理解地,尤其是在承接件351的接料空间的底部材质也为刚性材质的情况下,在拨料时,拨料部3541可能会与接料空间的底部之间存在一定的间隙,从而即便拨料完成后,在承接件351的接料空间内可能仍残留有一定的液态打印材料。
在另一应用场景中,拨料部3541可至少部分由软质材料制成,具体至少在拨料部3541的靠近承接件351的接料空间的底部区域由软质材料制成,如拨料部3541可以为软质拨料部,从而在拨料件354拨料时与承接件351的接料空间的底部弹性抵接从而实现紧密接触,如此,在拨料过程中能够将接料空间中容纳的打印件以及打印件上可能附着的液态的打印材料均拨出至承接件351之外,进而维持承接件351到的接料空间的清洁。其中,该软质材料可以为硅胶、橡胶等具有一定弹性的材料。
进一步地,拨料件354还可包括第一磁性部3542,该第一磁性部3542可设置于拨料部3541的背离出料口3511的一侧,承接件351可进一步包括第二磁性部3512,该第二磁性部3512可位于承接件351整体的远离出料口3511的一端,并朝向出料口3511设置。本实施例中,拨料件354与承接件351可通过第一磁性部3542和第二磁性部3512磁性连接。可选地,第一磁性部3542为磁铁,第二磁性部3512的材质为能够被磁铁吸引的材质;或者,第二磁性部3512为磁铁,第一磁性部3542的材质为能够被磁铁吸引的材质;或者,第一磁性部3542和第二磁性部3512均为磁铁,且二者相对设置的一侧的极性相反,从而能够相互吸引;可选地,在第一磁性部3542和/或第二磁性部3512为磁铁时,既可以是普通磁铁,也可以是电磁铁,从而可受控的产生磁性或消除磁性或始终具有磁性。其中,承接件351的能够与拨料件354进行磁性连接的部位至少位于承接件351的在第二方向上远离出料口3511的一侧。
接件驱动组件352可与拨料件354传动连接,以驱动拨料件354移动,并在至少部分应用场景中进一步带动承接件351移动。具体地,接件驱动组件352可包括丝杆3521和接件驱动件3522,丝杆3521可与拨料件354螺接,接件驱动件3522被配置为驱动丝杆3521转动,从而带动承接件351运动。其中,接件驱动件3522可选为步进电机。
进一步地,接件组件350还可包括拨料件轨道355,该拨料件轨道355的延伸方向可与承接件轨道353一致,具体可沿第二方向延伸,从而能够引导拨料件354在第二方向上滑动。本实施例中,拨料件轨道355的数量为两个,丝杆3521的数量为一个,拨料件354的沿第一方向上的两端可分别搭设在对应的拨料件轨道355上,接件驱动组件352与拨料件354的一端连接,从而驱动拨料件354沿两个拨料件轨道355滑动。其中,拨料件354的两端可安装滚轮(如轴承),从而通过滚轮的滚动实现拨料件354在拨料件轨道355上的移动,拨料件354一端可与丝杆3521螺纹配合连接,具体可通过梯形螺母分别连接拨料件354和丝杆3521。在其它实施例中,拨料件轨道355的数量还可以为一个,拨料件354的一端与丝杆3521连接,另一端则可搭设在拨料件轨道355上;另外,丝杆3521的数量还可以为两个,拨料件354的两端可分别一一对应连接在两个丝杆3521上,具体可根据实际需求选择,此处不做具体限定。
进一步地,接件组件350还可包括限位件,限位件被配置为在承接件351移动至出料位时抵接承接件351以限制其继续移动,其中,限位件可以设置在承接件轨道353上。具体地,该限位件可以为一阻挡片,并可用于对与承接件351连接的滚轮进行限位,通过限定滚轮的移动而实现对承接件351的限位。
需要说明的是,接件驱动组件352在承接件351到达出料位后可以继续驱动拨料件354朝向背离接料位方向移动,以使拨料件354克服与承接件351之间的磁吸作用而远离与承接件351的磁性连接区域移动,并通过拨料件354将承接件351中的打印件020从承接件351中拨出。在本实施例中,拨料件354的中部的形状与承接件351匹配并可伸入到承接件351的用于容纳打印件020的接料空间内。需要说明的是,在承接件351初始到达出料位时,拨料件354可位于承接件351的接料空间的远离出料口3511的一侧。在承接件351到达出料位并停止运动后,拨料件354通过接件驱动组件352的驱动进一步沿第二方向朝出料口3511移动,从而能够将承接件351所容纳的打印件020自出料口3511拨出至承接件351之外。
在一实施例中,打印机010还可包括储存件400,该储存件400可设置在承接件351的出料口3511的下方,被配置为接收被拨料件354从承接件351的出料口3511拨出的打印件020。具体地,基板500还开设有贯穿的物料接收孔520(见图2),该物料接收孔520具体可位于铲件机构300的远离成型平台200和料盘700的一端,并对应出料位设置,储存件400则可对应该物料接收孔520放置,从而在承接件351移动至出料位出料时,打印件020自出料口3511拨出后可通过物料接收孔520直接进入储存件400中。
在本实施例中,拨料件354可以为U形杆状,但在本申请其他的可选实施例中,拨料件354也可以采用其他形状,比如板状,只要能够将打印件020从承接件351中拨出即可。
可以理解地,本实施例中,承接件351与拨料件354可通过同一个驱动机构即接件驱动组件352实现移动,另外,在可选的实施例中,拨料件354可以由单独的驱动机构来驱动,仅用于卸下承接件351所承接的打印件,而不带动承接件351移动,承接件351可以直接与铲件驱动组件330连接,来实现被驱动。当然,在其它实施例中,铲具321、承接件351及拨料件354还均可通过独立的驱动机构进行独立驱动,具体可根据实际需求进行设置,此处不做限定。
在可选的其他实施例中,将打印件020从承接件351送出的功能可以不依赖于拨料件354来实现。图18为本申请另一种实施例中承接件351翻转的示意图。如图18所示,在一些实施例中,可以将承接件351设置为可翻转的形式,在承接件351到达出料位后,通过翻转承接件351的方式将其内部打印件020倒出。可选地,接件组件350还可包括翻转组件,翻转组件可用于驱动承接件351在出料位处翻转,以使得接料空间容纳的打印件020自出料口3511倒出。翻转组件的形式可以根据需要进行设置,比如翻转组件与承接件351传动连接,并随承接件351一起运动,并且能够在承接件351到达出料位时驱动承接件351翻转;或者,翻转组件设置在出料位处,不随承接件351运动,承接件351自身可在外力作用下转动,当承接件351到达出料位时,翻转组件作用于承接件351并向承接件351施加力使其出料口3511倾斜向下。
在本申请实施例的打印机010还包括控制机构,平台驱动机构800、铲件驱动组件330、接件驱动组件352以及光机610均与控制机构电连接,在控制机构的控制下完成相应的作业。在本实施例中,控 制机构需要对依据获取到的特定结构的状态以及运动的位置等信息执行相应的控制操作。图19为本申请一种实施例中铲件机构300的各个感测器的分布示意图。如图19所示,具体地,铲件机构300中设置有第一感测器360、第二感测器361、接料位感测器362以及拨料完成感测器363,上述各个感测器均可与控制机构电连接。
其中,第一感测器360和第二感测器361可用于检测铲具321的两个极限位置。在本实施例中,铲具321是做直线运动的,在其运动路径的两端分别为铲具321终止位置和铲具321初始位置,第一感测器360被配置为在铲具321到达铲具321终止位置时向控制机构输出铲具321终止感测信号;第二感测器361被配置为在铲具321到达铲具321初始位置时向控制机构输出铲具321初始感测信号,铲具321终止感测信号和铲具321初始感测信号便于控制机构获取铲具321位置信息,从而控制其开始和停止运动。铲具321终止位置相对于铲具321初始位置位于铲具321的刀刃3211所朝方向的下游,也即,铲具321终止位置处于铲具321在做铲件运动时的前方(图3中箭头e所指的方向),铲具321初始位置处于铲具321在做铲件运动时的后方,铲件运动是铲具321为了将打印件020从成型平台200剥离而刀刃3211向前的运动。
这里需要说明的是,在尚未铲件,或者一次铲件完成后,铲件驱动组件330可驱动铲具321移动至铲具321初始位置,以等待下一次铲件。该铲具321初始位置位于成型平台200与料盘700所限定的区域之外,从而不会影响打印机010的打印工作。而在打印机010一次打印完成后,铲件驱动组件330驱动铲具321沿第二方向靠近成型平台200移动至成型平台200与料盘700之间,并自成型平台200的一端移动至另一端,直至铲具321移动至铲具321终止位置时停止驱动。在铲具321位于该铲具321终止位置时,表明铲具321已铲件完成,此时控制机构可控制铲件驱动组件暂停驱动铲具321继续运动。
在本实施例中,拨料件354具有拨料初始位置和拨料完成位置,拨料件354位于拨料初始位置时与承接件351磁性连接且承接件351位于接料位,拨料件354能够在将承接件351中的打印件从承接件351中拨出后移动至拨料完成位置。接料位感测器362被配置为在拨料件354到达拨料初始位置时向控制机构输出接料感测信号。可以理解,在一次打印完成后,拨料件354在接件驱动组件352的驱动下,通过与承接件351之间的磁吸作用而带动承接件351沿第二方向朝成型平台200和料盘700之间移动,当接料位感测器362检测到拨料件354处于拨料初始位置时,控制机构控制接件驱动组件352暂停驱动拨料件354。需要说明的是,在拨料件354到达拨料初始位置时,表明承接件351也同时处于接料位,并可以接收从成型平台200上剥离的打印件020。此时,控制机构可进一步控制铲件驱动组件330驱动铲具321执行铲件操作,被铲离成型平台200的打印件020从而能够掉落至承接件351中。这里需要进一步说明的是,为保证承接件351能够承接成型平台200整个成型面210的打印件020,当拨料件354移动至拨料初始位置时,即承接件351位于接料位时,承接件351的被配置为容纳打印件020的空间在成型面210上的垂直投影可覆盖整个成型面210或者成型面210的被配置为粘附打印件的区域,从而不至于自成型平台200剥离的打印件020掉落至承接件351的接料空间之外。
拨料完成感测器363可用于在拨料件354到达拨料完成位置时向控制机构输出拨料完成感测信号。通常,在铲具321铲件及承接件351接件完成后,接件驱动组件352驱动拨料件354带动承接件351沿第二方向朝背离成型平台200和料盘700的方向移动,直至承接件351移动至出料位,拨料件354此时未到达拨料完成位置。如前所述,在承接件351移动至出料位时,受限位件的限制而停止移动,而拨料件354则克服与承接件351之间的磁吸而继续移动,在此后的移动过程中,拨料件354逐渐将承接件351所容纳的打印件020向出料口3511拨动,直至移动至拨料完成位置,在此过程中自出料口3511拨出的打印件020可掉落至储存件400中。
在图19中,拨料件354处于拨料完成位置,承接件351处于出料位,铲具321处于铲具321终止位置。
在本申请实施例中,第一感测器360、第二感测器361、接料位感测器362以及拨料完成感测器363可以选择合适类型的感测器来检测相应的部件是否到位,比如,上述感测器可以采用光电感测器,可以是对射式感测器或者反射式感测器,通过光接收器是否接收到光信号,来判断对应的部件是否阻断光路,从而判断对应的部件是否到位。相应地,接件组件350以及铲件组件310的可活动的部件(比如承接件 351、传动块339或者滑块338)可设置检测件,被配置为在活动的部件到达相应位置后,阻断对应的感测器形成的光路。在可选的其他实施例中,上述感测器还可以是接近开关或者其他机械式的感测器。
在本申请实施例中,承接件351还具有与接料位间隔的等待位,承接件351处于的等待位时位于打印机010的打印区域之外。铲件机构300还可以包括承接件感测器364,承接件感测器364被配置为在承接件351到达等待位时,输出等待感测信号。接件驱动组件352可用于驱动承接件351在出料位与接料位之间移动。在一实施例中,等待位设置于出料位与接料位之间;在另一个可选的实施例中,等待位与出料位重合;当然,在其它实施例中,等待位还可以位于出料位的远离接料位的一侧。通过设置等待位,可使承接件351在打印件打印过程中能够在等待位处等待接件;当打印件020打印完成后,承接件351再从等待位移动到接料位承接从成型平台200剥离的打印件020。
在本申请实施例中,储存件400可以具有较大的容量,从而能够一次性储存多个打印件020。进一步地,打印机010中还可以设置感测器来检测储存件400是否满件。在本实施例中,储存件400设置有满件感测器,满件感测器可与控制机构电连接,满件感测器被配置为在储存件400满件时向控制机构输出满件感测信号。具体地,满件感测器可以为光电感测器,设置在储存件400的开口处,满件感测器在储存件400的开口处形成光路,如果光路长时间被阻断,则判断储存件400中打印件020已经堆到储存件400的开口处,因此可以判断储存件400满件。在可选的其他实施例中,也可以设置重力感测器来称取储存件400中打印件020的重量,通过检测到的重量值来判断储存件400是否满件。
在一实施例中,打印机010还可包括压力传感器,压力传感器可设置于成型平台200上,并与控制机构电连接。当然,压力传感器还可设置于铲具321上,此处不做限定。进一步地,压力传感器可用于检测成型平台200的成型面210与铲具321之间的压力。成型面210与铲具321之间的压力值对铲件作业具有指导意义,能够保证铲件效果的同时,避免铲具321与成型平台200之间的压力过大导致设备损坏。
进一步参阅图2和图19,在一实施例中,打印机010还可包括打印件感测器365,该打印件感测器365可设置于滑动座337上并与铲具321间隔设置,具体可安装于传动块339上,并位于铲具321的靠近刀刃3211的一侧,从而在铲具321开始铲件流程并自铲具初始位置沿第二方向朝向铲具终止位置移动的过程中位于铲具321移动路径的前方,并在铲具321铲件完成后并自铲具终止位置沿第二方向朝向铲具初始位置移动的过程中位于铲具321移动路径的后方。
其中,该打印件感测器365可以为激光对射传感器,并包括相对设置的激光发射部和激光接收部。具体地,激光发射部安装在铲具321一端的传动块339上,激光接收部安装在铲具321另一端的传动块339上。具体地,该打印件感测器365可通过激光接收部接收到的激光发射部所发射出的激光的情况类检测成型平台200的成型面210上是否有打印件,或者在打印件感测器365所经过的路径所对应的成型面210的区域是否有打印件。
具体地,一次打印完成后,在铲件驱动组件330的驱动下,打印件感测器365随滑动座337朝向成型平台200移动,并在自铲具321初始位置到铲具321终止位置移动的过程中进行激光对射检测。在此过程中,若在成型面的预设的需要检测到打印件的位置没有检测到打印件,则判定为打印件掉板,此时控制机构可控制打印机暂停运行,还可进一步发出故障提醒,以便操作人员及时进行检查。容易理解地,若出现打印件掉板,则掉板的打印件可能会落入料盘700中,若不及时清理而在铲件后继续进行打印,则在成型平台200向料盘700压紧时,在料盘700中掉落的打印件的作用下可能会导致成型平台200和/或料盘700的损坏。
进一步地,在铲件结束且铲具321返回时,在铲件驱动组件330的驱动下,打印件感测器365可朝向铲具初始位置移动,并移动到铲具初始位置的过程中进行激光对射检测。在此过程中,若检测到成型面210上有打印件,则判定为没有铲干净,此时控制机构也可控制打印机停止运行,还可进一步发出故障提醒。
在本实施例中,铲件组件310还包括遮板326(见图1),遮板326设置于铲具初始位置的上方(即铲具初始位置的远离基板500的一侧)以遮挡位于铲具初始位置的铲具321。这样可以避免操作员误触位于铲具初始位置的铲具321,保障操作员的人身安全。
在本申请实施例中,3D打印机010还可包括与控制机构电连接的人体感应机构和操作机构110(见图1),人体感应机构被配置为在检测到预设区域有人体时,向控制机构输出人体感知信号;控制机构被设置为在接收到人体感知信号时启动或唤醒操作机构110。操作机构110包括照明机构、显示屏以及触控屏等中的至少一种,当操作机构110为触控屏或显示屏时,人走进被检测到可以自动点亮,方便用户操作。当然,也可以设置为当打印结束一段时长后进入休眠,人接近后不再唤醒操作机构110,这样避免误感应。可选地,人体感应机构可包括5.8GHz的微波雷达。由于WIFI、蓝牙、IOT等会占用2.4GHz,使2.4GHz容易被干扰,因此采用5.8GHz的微波雷达,稳定且成本较低。
图20为本申请一种实施例中料盘固定前的状态示意图;图21为本申请一种实施例中料盘固定后的状态示意图,图20和图21均为局部剖面图。请参照图20和图21,在本实施例中,基板500开设有避位通孔530,基板500的上侧设置有导向压块550,导向压块550与基板500的表面之间形成卡槽,料盘700的边部与卡槽配合。导向压块550被配置为引导料盘700在基板500上的运动以及与抵接件543共同夹持料盘700。料盘700可沿着导向压块550所形成的卡槽的延伸方向推入卡槽中,使得料盘700在竖直方向上的位置被限制。在本实施例中,基板500上可设置两个导向压块550,两个导向压块550形成的卡槽相互平行间隔。
在本实施例中,料盘700设置有凸缘730,凸缘730沿着料盘700底部的外周侧延伸,料盘700通过凸缘730与导向压块550形成卡槽配合。
3D打印机还包括浮动机构540,浮动机构540包括浮动件541、导向轴542、抵接件543以及第二弹性件544。抵接件543可升降地设置于避位通孔530处,第二弹性件544被配置为推动抵接件543抵接料盘700的下表面,以使料盘700被导向压块550和抵接件543夹持。具体的,抵接件543连接于浮动件541并穿设于避位通孔530,导向轴542连接于基板500背离料盘700的一侧,浮动件541与导向轴542滑动配合,第二弹性件544被配置为推动浮动件541向基板500运动。在本实施例中,第二弹性件544为弹簧,且套设于导向轴542。导向轴542的一端连接基板500(比如通过螺接的方式连接),导向轴542远离基板500的一端具有凸出于导向轴542外周面的限位部5421,第二弹性件544的一端抵接浮动件541,另一端抵接导向轴542上的限位部5421。第二弹性件544处于压缩状态时,能够为浮动件541提供朝向基板500运动的趋势,从而使得抵接件543能够向上抵接料盘700。
在本实施例中,抵接件543相对于基板500具有上升位置和下降位置,当料盘700脱离基板500的固定时,即当基板500上没有固定料盘700时,抵接件543处于上升位置,抵接件543的顶部高于基板500的上表面。当料盘700固定在基板500上,即当基板500上固定有料盘700时,抵接件543处于下降位置,抵接件543的顶部抵持料盘700;第二弹性件544被配置为使抵接件543产生向上升位置运动的趋势。
在本实施例中,抵接件543用于抵接料盘700的顶面5431为弧面,可选地,顶面5431可以为拱形弧面或球型弧面。采用该类型的顶面5431来抵接料盘700使得抵接件543与料盘的接触方式变为点接触或线接触,使得料盘700容易在推入卡槽的过程中,抵接件543能够在挤压作用下受迫地向下降位置移动,使得料盘700的安装更加便利,并且,在料盘700被抵接件543抵接时,能够保证料盘700能够在多个方向上倾斜。
在本实施例中,浮动件541上设置有相互间隔的两个抵接件543,抵接件543可通过安装螺钉固定于浮动件541上,浮动件541可保证至少两个抵接件543能同步移动;可选的,在不受料盘700挤压的自然状态下,两个抵接件543保持同一高度。在可选的其他实施例中,浮动件541上的抵接件543的数量以及固定方式可以根据需要进行调整。可选的,抵接件543可抵接于料盘700的凸缘730,由于料盘700的底部是可透光的,因此抵接件543抵接在凸缘730的位置,避开料盘700底部中间区域,不容易阻挡光线,从而保证料盘700的透光量。进一步的,本实施例的3D打印机可以包括两个浮动机构540,两个浮动机构540可设置共计四个抵接件543,四个抵接件543可分别抵接于料盘700的四个角部。
本实施例中,料盘700在竖直方向上的位置是由导向压块550与抵接件543共同限定的。为了提高浮动机构540对料盘700向上的支撑力,可选的,浮动机构540还包括第一磁吸件545,基板500上设置有与第一磁吸件545相对的第二磁吸件560,第一磁吸件545与第二磁吸件560被配置为在通电状态 下产生相互吸引力,从而增大抵接件543对料盘700的抵持力,以抵紧料盘700。具体在本实施例中,第一磁吸件545为电磁铁,在上电时产生磁吸力;第二磁吸件560为设置于基板500的下表面的磁铁,磁铁上形成朝向第一磁吸件545的吸附面,用于与第一磁吸件545吸合。在可选的其他实施例中,第二磁吸件560也可以是其他可被第一磁吸件545吸附的部件,比如可以是贴设于基板500下表面的铁片,甚至基板500与第一磁吸件545对应的位置为铁或铁基合金等材质,第二磁吸件560为基板500的一部分。在可选的其他实施例中,也可以将第二磁吸件560设置为电磁铁,将第一磁吸件545设置为磁铁或者其他可被电磁铁吸引的部件。
在料盘700安装到装配位置(即后续打印过程中料盘700所处的位置)后,对第一磁吸件545通电,使其与第二磁吸件560之间产生磁吸力,能够通过磁吸力来令抵接件543抵紧料盘700,防止料盘滑动。在需要拆卸料盘700时,对第一磁吸件545断电,然后将料盘700从导向压块550形成的卡槽中抽出即可。
为保证良好的吸附效果,第一磁吸件545与第二磁吸件560在相吸时,对合的面积需要有所保证,如果出现相对倾斜的情况,则二者不能很好的吸附,会导致磁吸力下降,料盘700的防滑效果不好。因此,本实施例中的浮动机构540还包括调节板546、连接螺钉547和至少两个调节螺钉548。浮动件541上设置有第一通孔5411,调节板546上设置有第二通孔5461,调节板546设置于浮动件541背离第一磁吸件545的一侧,连接螺钉547穿设于第一通孔5411和第二通孔5461,连接螺钉547的头部被设置为能够抵接调节板546,连接螺钉547的另一端与第一磁吸件545螺接;调节板546上还设置有与调节螺钉548一一对应的调节螺孔5462,调节螺钉548与调节螺孔5462螺接后抵接浮动件541。
可以理解,当各个调节螺钉548均抵接浮动件541且连接螺钉547的头部抵接调节板546时,调节板546、连接螺钉547以及第一磁吸件545的姿态被确定。在第一磁吸件545出现倾斜的情况时,通过调节调节螺钉548,即可调整调节板546乃至连接螺钉547和第一磁吸件545的倾斜状态,从而将第一磁吸件545调整至最佳姿态(即与第二磁吸件560的吸附面正对),保证较好的吸附效果。进一步的,还可以通过调节调节螺钉548来调整调节板546与浮动件541之间的距离,从而调整连接螺钉547的头部抵接调节板546时第一磁吸件545相对于与浮动件541的高度。当浮动机构540的抵接件543与导向压块550共同夹持料盘700时,第二弹性件544被压缩,浮动件541处于低点位置。经过对调节螺钉548进行调节后,使得通电后的第一磁吸件545与第二磁吸件560贴合,并且连接螺钉547的头部能够刚好抵接调节板546。通过如此设置,使得浮动件541受到第二弹性件544和连接螺钉547的双重限制,难以在竖直方向上浮动。换言之,如果要使浮动件541向下移动,需要克服第二弹性件544的弹性力以及第一磁吸件545与第二磁吸件560之间的磁吸力。因此,浮动机构540能够更加牢固地对料盘700进行限位。
在本实施例中,浮动件541朝向调节板546的一侧设置有限位槽5412,调节螺钉548抵接于限位槽5412中。通过设置限位槽5412,能够使调节板546不会相对于浮动件541转动。
在本实施例中,浮动机构540还可以包括第三弹性件549,第三弹性件549可设置于第一磁吸件545与浮动件541之间,第三弹性件549被配置为向第一磁吸件545提供远离浮动件541的运动趋势,这样使得即便第一磁吸件545不通电,也能够与第二磁吸件560抵接。可以理解,第一磁吸件545与第二磁吸件560之间的磁吸力会随着二者距离的增加而急剧降低。通过设置第三弹性件549能够使第一磁吸件545始终抵接于第二磁吸件560,从而使得第一磁吸件545上电后就会产生足够的吸附力与第二磁吸件560紧密贴合。因此不容易出现因第一磁吸件545在上电前距离第二磁吸件560过远,而导致即便上电之后也难以产生足够的吸附力的情况出现,也就避免了第一磁吸件545无法通过足够的磁吸力向浮动件541提供足够的限位力的情况。
可选的,第三弹性件549为弹簧,且套设于连接螺钉547。
应理解,在图20、图21的实施例中,浮动机构540也可以省略第一磁吸件545、调节板546、连接螺钉547、调节螺钉548以及第三弹性件549,基板500上可不设置第二磁吸件560,在这种情况下,仅通过第二弹性件544的弹性力来使抵接件543抵紧料盘700。
图22为本申请一种实施例中浮动机构540与第二磁吸件560吸合的示意图;图23为本申请一种实 施例中基板500与浮动机构540装配示意图。如图22和图23所示,在设置了第一磁吸件545的情况下,使得抵接件543朝向料盘700的运动并不依赖于前述实施例中的第二弹性件544(见图20、图21),因此,在本实施例中,可以省略第二弹性件544。在料盘700安装至装配位置后,对第一磁吸件545通电,第一磁吸件545和连接螺钉547在磁吸力作用下向基板500靠近;调节板546在连接螺钉547头部的抵接作用下,与调节螺钉548作为一个整体向基板运动,并由调节螺钉548抵接浮动件541,从而将动量传递给浮动件541,最终传递给抵接件543,使得抵接件543向上抵紧料盘700,防止料盘700滑动。在需要拆卸料盘700时,对第一磁吸件545断电,浮动件541和第一磁吸件545会落下,然后将料盘700抽出即可。
图24为本申请一种实施例中自动加液机构在第一视角下的示意图。请参考图24,本申请实施例的打印机010还包括自动加液机构900,自动加液机构900被配置为实现自动向料盘700中添加打印材料的功能。自动加液机构900包括中转加液组件910、加液驱动组件940以及储料机构950。图25为本申请一种实施例中自动加液机构的中转加液组件的装配示意图;图26为本申请一种实施例中自动加液机构的中转加液组件的爆炸视图。请参考图25、图26,中转加液组件910包括加料盒920及锁紧结构930,该加料盒920包括加料盒本体921,以及被配置为向料盘700加液的出液部922,出液部922与加料盒本体921连通,加料盒本体921被配置为存储储料机构950倒入的打印材料,加料盒本体921存储的打印材料可以通过出液部922流向料盘700。该锁紧结构930被配置为打开或封堵住出液部922的出液口,加液驱动组件940能够根据料盘700的实际液位驱动锁紧结构930打开或封堵住出液部922。在保证加料盒本体921中打印材料处于满载状态情况下,通过储料机构950先将打印材料加入中转加液组件910的加料盒920中,在通过出液部922将打印材料通向料盘700,能够保证加料盒920向料盘700中加料的速度处于稳定状态,进而实现控制加料速度的稳定。
可以理解的是,本中转加液组件910应用于3D打印机010后,储料机构950中的打印材料先流入到加料盒本体921中,并不直接通向料盘700中,因此避免了储料机构950中的打印材料在经过消耗后其加料速度逐渐变化引起的加料速度不能稳定控制的问题,由此能够避免由于加料速度不稳定引起的料盘700中的打印材料不足或打印材料过多的问题,进而可能导致3D打印失败或者打印材料的浪费问题等,本实施例提供的一种自动加液机构900保证了料盘700中打印材料的量,能够提高打印的成功率。
在一个实施例中,锁紧结构930包括封堵件931和第四弹性件(附图中未示出);封堵件931可沿出液部922的轴线方向移动;第四弹性件作被配置为封堵件931,以使封堵件931根据第四弹性件的弹力抵顶出液部922的出液口。
其中,封堵件931可以为任意形式的能够封堵出液口的结构,如可以为挡板、软塞等。封堵件931和加料盒920的相对位置关系和连接关系可以为任意一种,只要能够实现封堵件931可以沿出液部922的轴线方向移动即可。例如,可以在出液部922轴线方向上设置一个导向通道,封堵件931在该导向通道内移动从而实现沿出液部922的轴线方向移动。该封堵件931受第四弹性件的弹力作用,使得该封堵件931抵顶在出液口上,从而实现封堵出液口。需要说明的是,第四弹性件的设置位置和数量在此不做具体限定,只要能够向封堵件931施加朝向出液口的弹力即可。进一步的,该弹力可以由弹簧压缩而产生的也可以由弹簧拉伸产生。
在一个具体示例中,该锁紧结构930还包括滑动件932。该封堵件931与滑动件932滑动连接,且滑动件932与出液部922的外表面固定连接。
具体而言,滑动件932的轴线方向与出液部922的轴线方向平行。滑动件932固定于出液部922的外表面。举例而言,滑动件932可以通过两个固定支架与出液部922的外表面连接,从而固定于出液部922的外表面。进一步的,封堵件931可以套设于滑动件932上,从而沿出液部922的轴线方向移动。
加液驱动组件940被配置为驱动封堵件931相对滑动件932滑动,第四弹性件同时与加料盒920及封堵件931连接,换句话说,加料盒920及封堵件931均与第四弹性件连接,封堵件931通过第四弹性件的预设弹性力封堵住出液部922,可以理解的是,在本实施例中,封堵件931通过第四弹性件的预设弹性力封堵住出液部922,也即,该出液部922的出液口处于常闭状态。
该加液驱动组件940能够根据料盘700的实际液位驱动锁紧结构930打开或封堵出液部922的出液 口,例如,当本实施例中的自动加液机构900应用于3D打印机010上时,打印机010检测到料盘700上的打印材料的液位低于预设液位时,进而加液驱动组件940能够驱动封堵件931远离出液部922,进而使得打印材料通过出液部922通向料盘700,当料盘700中的打印材料的液位高于或等于预设液位时,加液驱动组件940动作,以使封堵件931受第四弹性件的作用力而靠近出液部922并封堵住出液部922的出液口。
在本实施例中,上述加液驱动组件940为电磁铁推杆,具体的,当电磁铁推杆通电时,电磁铁推杆的推杆能够伸出或缩回以使得上述的封堵件931远离或靠近出液部922,从而实现打开或封堵住出液部922。而当电磁铁推杆处于断电状态时,电磁铁推杆的推杆处于缩回状态,因此封堵件931在第四弹性件的预设弹性力的作用下封堵住出液部922。因此,当自动加液机构900应用于3D打印机010时,在断电状态下,电磁铁推杆的推杆缩回,出液部922处于封堵状态,进而避免了在断电状态下仍向料盘700加液,避免了打印材料的浪费。
当然在其它实施例中,加液驱动组件940并不仅限于电磁铁推杆,加液驱动组件940只要能够保证在通电状态下能够驱动封堵件931远离或靠近出液部922,以打开或封堵出液部922,而在断电状态下能够保证出液部922处于封堵状态即可,在此对加液驱动组件940不做具体限定。
上述的出液部922包括与加料盒本体921相连通的出液管道923,以及设置于出液管道923侧壁的第一固定支架924,滑动件932与第一固定支架924固定连接,封堵件931包括抵持部9313及与抵持部9313连接的挡板9311,挡板9311被配置为封堵住出液管道923,抵持部9313和挡板9311分别设于第一固定支架924的两侧;在一个具体示例中,第一固定支架924设置于出液管道923的外侧壁上。需要说明的是,第一固定支架924的两侧是指沿第一固定支架924沿出液部922轴线方向的两侧。中转加液组件910还包括紧固件,在本实施例中,该紧固件为螺栓933,抵持部9313通过紧固件(也即螺栓933)与第一固定支架924连接,并且第四弹性件套设于紧固件且第四弹性件的两端分别抵持于第一固定支架924及抵持部9313,在第四弹性件处于压缩状态时,挡板9311受第四弹性件的弹力作用封堵出液管道923的出液口。
在本实施例中,上述挡板9311靠近出液管道923的一侧还设置有密封塞9314,该密封塞被配置为封堵出液管道923,进一步增强封堵件931对于出液管道923封堵的可靠性。
请继续参考图24,上述的中转加液组件910还包括传动杆934,传动杆934被配置为根据外部作用力推动抵持部9313,以使挡板9311远离出液口。其中,传动杆934可以为本领域任意一种结构的传动杆。在一个具体示例中,传动杆934为转动杆,转动杆被配置为与3D打印机010的机架(在附图中未示出)转动连接,转动杆的一端被配置为接收外部的驱动力,使得另一端转动以推动抵持部9313,以使挡板9311远离出液管道923,可以理解的,在本实施例中,电磁铁推杆能够驱动传动杆934的一端发生转动,进而带动另一端转动,从而推动抵持部9313,以使挡板9311远离出液管道923的出液口。
具体的,当加液驱动组件940,也即本实施例中的电磁铁推杆的推杆推出时,推动传动杆934的一端转动,传动杆934的另一端随之发生转动,进而推动抵持部9313,以使封堵件931在滑动件932上滑动以使挡板9311远离出液管道923移动,进而打开出液管道923,当电磁铁推杆的推杆缩回时,传动杆934的一端反向转动,另一端随之转动,并且在第四弹性件的预设弹性力的作用下,挡板9311向靠近出液管道923的方向移动,直至封堵住出液管道923的出液口。
在其它的一些实施例中,出液管道923还设置有转轴及连接转板,转轴的轴线垂直于出液管道923的轴线,转轴设置于第一固定支架924且与连接转板转动连接,连接转板被配置为根据外部作用力转动,以推动封堵件远离出液口。进一步的,连接转板具有第一连接部及第二连接部,第一连接部被配置为接收外部的驱动力,也即接收加液驱动组件940的驱动力,以带动第二连接部运动以推动挡板9311远离出液管道923。可以理解的是,加液驱动组件940能够使得第二连接部带动连接转板通过转轴发生转动,进而通过第一连接部使得挡板9311远离或靠近出液管道923,以实现打开或封堵出液管道923。
在另外的一些其它实施例中,加液驱动组件940还可以通过其它的机械结构使得挡板9311远离或靠近出液管道923,并不仅限于上述设置,只要该机械结构能够将加液驱动组件940的驱动力转换为挡板9311远离或靠近出液管道923的力即可,在此不做具体限定。
进一步地,出液管道923的侧壁还包括第二固定支架925,第二固定支架925设置于出液管道923的侧壁,第一固定支架924和第二固定支架925分别设于抵持部9313的两侧,具体为分别设于抵持部9313沿出液部轴线方向的两侧。封堵件931还包括连接板9312;连接板9312与抵持部9313呈夹角连接,连接板9312与挡板9311呈夹角连接,第一固定支架924及第二固定支架925均与滑动件932固定连接;抵持部9313与滑动件932滑动连接。通过第二固定支架925与第一固定支架924配合,使得滑动件932与出液管道923间更稳定。在一个具体示例中,第二固定支架925设置于出液管道923的外侧壁。
在本实施例中,该滑动件932为滑动杆,且第四弹性件为弹簧(图中未示出),紧固件为螺栓933,螺栓933及滑动杆均穿设于第一固定支架924、抵持部9313及第二固定支架925,并且弹簧套设于螺栓933上。可以理解的是,第一固定支架924及第二固定支架925与滑动杆固定连接,抵持部9313位于第一固定支架924及第二固定支架925之间,且挡板9311封堵住出液管道923,抵持部9313及挡板9311与滑动杆滑动配合,且螺栓933同时穿设于挡板9311、第二固定支架925、抵持部9313及第一固定支架924以实现螺栓933连接,且弹簧同时的两端分别抵持于第一固定支架924及抵持部9313。进而实现挡板9311封堵住出液管道923,以使出液管道923处于常闭状态。需要说明的是,第四弹性件和螺栓的数量在此不做具体限定,可以为两个及多个。
在另外一些实施例中,上述的锁紧结构930还包括相连接的第二挡板及第五弹性件,第五弹性件的一端抵持于第二挡板,另一端抵持于封堵件。并且第五弹性件以预设弹性力抵持于封堵件,第二挡板位于封堵件远离出液部的一侧,并且第二挡板与出液部连接。本实施例中的第五弹性件被配置为与其他实施例的第四弹性件进行区分,第二挡板被配置为与其他实施例的挡板9311进行区分。
具体的,第五弹性件的一端抵持于第二挡板,另一端抵持于挡板,第五弹性件以预设弹性力抵持于挡板,以给挡板给到一个出液管道923的力,第二挡板位于挡板远离出液管道923的一侧,并且第二挡板与出液管道923连接,可以理解的是,第二挡板通过第五弹性件与挡板连接,使得第五弹性件处于压缩状态,也即第二挡板与出液管道923将第五弹性件压缩以使第五弹性件具有一个给挡板9311封堵出液管道923的力。可以理解的是,挡板9311不仅通过第四弹性件施加的预设弹性力使得挡板9311封堵住出液管道923,并且还通过第五弹性件的预设弹性力将挡板9311压设于出液管道923的管口以使挡板9311与出液管道923密封性更好。
加液驱动组件940电连接的控制器及电连接于控制的液位传感器、位置传感器、重力传感器中的至少一种,该控制器被配置为控制加液驱动组件940动作。可选的,该控制器可以为前述的控制机构,也可集成于打印机010的控制机构中、或者还可以是专门用于控制加液驱动组件940的结构。
液位传感器被配置为检测3D打印机010的料盘700的实际液位并传输给控制器,在一个具体示例中,当液位传感器检测到料盘700的实际液位低于预设液位时,加液驱动组件940驱动挡板9311远离出液管道923。其中,液位传感器具体可包括以下传感器的任意一种:阻抗式传感器、电容式传感器和激光传感器。重力传感器被配置为检测储料机构950的实际重量。
图27为本申请一种实施例中自动加液机构在第二视角下的示意图。请结合图27,在本实施例中,加料盒920还包括防呆件926,防呆件926设置于加料盒本体921的容纳腔内。储料机构950包括止回阀952以及与止回阀952的进液口连通的储液瓶951。当中转加液组件910装配至打印机010时,打印机010的储料机构950的下底面的第一高度小于防呆件926远离加料盒本体921的一端的第二高度,防呆件926远离加料盒本体921的一端位于止回阀952内。具体的,防呆件926的一端可以伸入储料机构950的内部,可以为任意能够实现上述效果的结果。在本实施例中,防呆件926包括定位孔9261及定位销9262,定位孔9261与定位销9262连接,定位孔9261设于加料盒本体921的容纳腔内;定位销9262的第一端设于定位孔9261内,第二端从止回阀952的出液口伸入至止回阀952的内部空间。打印机010的止回阀952的底部高度低于防呆件926远离加料盒920一端的高度,也即定位销9262远离加料盒920一端的高度高于止回阀952底部的高度,以防止在未将储料机构950移出的情况下,将中转加液组件910取出,换句话说,用于防止打印机010安装有储料机构950时,储料机构950与止回阀952连接,止回阀952底部的高度低于定位销9262远离加料盒920一端的高度,限制中转加液组件910移出打印 机010,也即,在中转加液组件910沿水平方向装入3D打印机010时,在装入储料机构950,并且此时,止回阀952底部的高度低于定位销9262远离加料盒920一端的高度,因此在储料机构950未移出3D打印机010时,作业人员不能够移出中转加液组件910,其能够起到防呆的作用。
可以理解的,为了安装止回阀952及储液瓶951,3D打印机010还设置有供止回阀952安装的安装座,在本实施例中,止回阀952在与储液瓶951装配后,装配于安装座时,定位销9262能够顶开止回阀952的阀体,进而打开储料机构950流向加料盒920的通路,当取下储料机构950后,阀体关闭,进而防止漏液。进一步的,定位销9262顶开阀体后,当加料盒本体921中的液位漫过止回阀952后,由于气压作用储液瓶951中的打印材料将不会由于重力原因继续向下流入加料盒本体921中。
图28为本申请一种实施例中3D打印方法的流程图;图30为本申请一种实施例中铲件机构300在铲件过程的各节点下的不同姿态的示意图。进一步一并参阅图28以及图30,本申请实施例还提供一种3D打印方法,能够应用在本申请实施例提供的3D打印机010中。3D打印方法可包括:
步骤S100,控制承接件移动至接料位。
在本申请实施例中,在打印件020尚未打印完成时,承接件351可位于等待位,如图30中第一步所示。此时,承接件351、拨料件354及铲具321均位于打印机010的打印区域之外,从而不影响打印工作。在完成打印后,控制机构可控制铲件驱动组件330驱动承接件351移动至接料位(如图30中第二步所示),以承接从成型面210落下的打印件020。在本实施例中,可以将承接件351移动到接料位作为开始进行铲件的一个前提条件,而承接件351是否移动到接料位可以通过接料位感测器362检测拨料件354是否到达拨料件354初始位置来判断。
步骤S200,控制成型平台和铲具相互接近,并获取铲具与成型面之间的压力。
在铲件之前,除了将承接件351移动到接料位做好接料准备之外,还需要将铲具321紧贴于成型面210上,为铲具321在成型面210上滑动做好准备。以本申请实施例提供的打印机010为例,控制机构可控制平台驱动机构800以及铲件驱动组件330分别驱动成型平台200、铲具321移动,以实现相互接近。在一些其他的实施例中也可以控制其中一者移动,另一者静置,比如控制铲具321接近成型平台200。在本实施例中,由于成型平台200在第一方向上运动,铲具321在第二方向上运动,而第一方向与第二方向垂直,第一方向为竖直方向,因此成型平台200和铲具321相互接近的过程为铲具321向成型平台200的下方移动,成型平台200向下移动。
如图29所示,为了使成型平台200与铲具321更为安全地接触并挤压,步骤S200可选地包含以下步骤:
步骤S210,控制成型平台和铲具以第一运动模式相互接近;
步骤S220,在铲具与成型面接触前,控制成型平台和铲具以第二运动模式相互接近,并持续获取铲具与成型面之间的压力。
其中,第二运动模式下成型平台200与铲具321的接近速度小于第一运动模式下成型平台200与铲具321的接近速度。可见,以第一运动模式相互接近时具有较高的速度,有利于实现快速地移动到位,提高工作效率。但是过快地接近会容易导致铲具321撞击成型平台200,造成设备损坏,因此,在铲具321与成型面210接触前,控制成型平台200和铲具321以第二运动模式相互接近,此时具有较小的接近速度,在第二运动模式下,开始持续获取铲具321与成型面210之间的压力,较慢的接近速度可以保证压力检测更加准确,在压力达到阈值后能够及时停止铲具321和平台的相对运动,以防二者之间压力过大而损坏铲具321。
进一步地,控制成型平台200和铲具321以第一运动模式相互接近的步骤,具体可以包括:
控制铲具321由铲具321初始位置移动至压刀位置,控制成型平台200沿第一方向以第一速度向铲具321移动。其中,压刀位置位于成型平台200在第一方向上并朝向料盘700的一侧。
本实施例中,由于铲具初始位置并非位于成型平台200下方,因此需要将铲具321移动到压刀位置,即平台的下方,然后等待成型平台200下降。可选地,打印机010可以包含一个被配置为检测铲具321是否到达压刀位置的感测器,该感测器可以是光电感测器,当通过感测器检测到铲具321移动到压刀位置后,则控制铲件驱动组件330停止驱动。在铲具321移动到压刀位置后,控制成型平台200沿着第一 方向(本实施例中即为竖直方向)下降,或者在铲具321移动到压刀位置的过程中就开始控制成型平台200下降。进一步地,控制成型平台200和铲具321以第二运动模式相互接近的步骤,具体可以包括:控制成型平台200沿第一方向以第二速度向铲具321移动,其中,第二速度小于第一速度。
在本申请可选的实施例中,在控制成型平台200和铲具321以第一运动模式相互接近的步骤之前,3D打印方法还可以包括:控制成型平台200移动至平台初始位置,其中,平台初始位置为成型平台200在第一方向上最远离铲具321的极限位置。在本实施例中,平台初始位置则是成型平台200最靠上的极限位置。该位置即成型平台200在一次打印完成后自料盘700中抬升所到达的位置。
在一种实施例中,控制成型平台200沿第一方向以第一速度向铲具321移动的步骤,具体可包括:控制成型平台200沿第一方向以第一速度向铲具321移动第一距离,其中,第一距离小于成型平台200位于平台初始位置时与铲具321在第一方向上的间距,即小于平台初始位置与压刀位置在第一方向的间距。该第一距离是一个预设距离,当平台驱动机构800驱动成型平台200由平台初始位置下降第一距离后,意味着平台到达了需要切换至第二速度的位置,此时进行下降速度的切换,即切换至第二运动模式。
在另一种实施例中,控制成型平台200沿第一方向以第一速度向铲具321移动的步骤,具体包括:控制成型平台200沿第一方向以第一速度向铲具321移动,并检测成型平台200是否到达变速位置,其中,变速位置位于铲具321与平台初始位置之间;在判定成型平台200到达变速位置的情况下,控制成型平台200结束以第一速度向铲具321移动。可选地,打印机010可以包含一个感测器,被配置为在成型平台200移动到变速位置后向控制机构输出相应的感测信号,控制机构则根据该感测信号控制成型平台200结束以第一速度向铲具321移动。控制成型平台200结束以第一速度向铲具321移动,可以包括控制成型平台200暂停运动,等待下一阶段以较慢的第二速度向铲具321移动;或者直接控制成型平台200的移动速度切换至第二速度。其中,该变速位置可以为前述的成型平台200以第一速度移动预设距离后的位置。
步骤S300,在铲具与成型面之间的压力达到压力阈值的情况下,停止成型平台和铲具相互接近。
在成型平台200下降的过程中,压力感测器持续检测铲具321与成型面210之间的压力,如果检测到该压力达到了压力阈值的情况下,则意味着铲具321成型平台200与铲具321之间已经具备了足够的压力,可以进行铲件,因此可控制停止成型平台200的移动,从而停止成型平台200和铲具321相互接近,避免铲具321或者成型平台200受到过大的压力而损坏。该压力阈值可以是预先设定的一个压力值。
可选地,控制成型平台200沿第一方向以第二速度向铲具321移动的步骤中,若成型平台200下降第二距离后铲具321与成型面210之间的压力仍未达到压力阈值,则控制成型平台200停止移动。成型平台200沿第一方向以第二速度向铲具321移动的过程可以看作是压刀过程,如果在压刀过程中成型平台200下降足够的距离(比如本实施例中的第二距离)后,铲具321与成型面210之间的压力仍未达到压力阈值,则可能存在异常:比如铲具321没有移动到压刀位置,或者铲具321已经损坏,或者压力感测器失效。此时为了避免设备进一步损坏,可以控制成型平台200停止移动,对异常情况进行排查。
应当理解,在本申请实施例中,步骤S100可以在步骤S200和步骤S300之前或者之后执行,也可以与步骤S200和步骤S300同时执行。
步骤S400,控制铲具在成型面上滑动以将打印件从成型面上剥离至承接件。
该步骤S400则是铲件步骤,当成型面210与铲具321之间的压力达到压力阈值时,控制铲具321沿第二方向前进(刀刃3211向前),从而将打印件020从成型面210上剥离。进一步地,步骤S400具体包括:控制铲具321在成型面210上滑移并检测铲具321是否到达铲具321终止位置;在检测到铲具321到达铲具321终止位置的情况下,控制铲具321停止移动。可见,在铲具321沿着第二方向在成型面210上滑移后,最终铲具321会到达铲具321终止位置,此时控制机构收到第一感测器360的到位信号,控制机构控制铲件驱动组件330停止驱动,最终铲具321到达图30中第二步所示的位置。可选地,若自控制铲具321在成型面210上滑动的时刻起经过第一时长后,仍未检测到铲具321到达铲具321终止位置,则可控制铲具321停止移动。该第一时长可以根据需要进行设置,比如10s、15s或者20s。如果自控制铲具321在成型面210成型面210上滑移的时刻起经过第一时长后,仍未检测到铲具321到达铲具321终止位置,则可能发生异常,比如第一感测器360失效或者铲件驱动组件330损坏,因此 可停止驱动并排查异常。
在本实施例中,在打印件020与成型面210分离之后,控制铲具321移动至铲具321初始位置。具体地,控制机构在铲件步骤结束后,控制铲具321向铲具321初始位置移动,当接收到第二感测器361输出的铲具321初始感测信号时,停止铲具321的移动。同时,也可以控制成型平台200回退至平台初始位置;具体的,控制成型平台200向平台初始位置移动,并在接收感测器输出的到位信号时,停止成型平台200的移动。
步骤S500,控制承接有打印件的承接件从接料位离开。
本申请实施例中,当承接件351承接了打印件后需要将打印件移走,以避免干扰下一次打印作业。在本实施例中,承接件351具有出料位,步骤S500具体包括:控制承接有打印件的承接件351从接料位移动至出料位。本实施例中,拨料件354与承接件351之间通过磁吸作用连接,控制承接有打印件020的承接件351从接料位移动至出料位的步骤中,可控制接件驱动组件352驱动拨料件354移动,在与承接件351的磁吸作用下,拨料件354带动承接件351自接料位朝向出料位移动。在本实施例中,当承接件351移动到出料位后,会因限位件的阻挡而停留在出料位,如图30中第三步所示。
在承接件351移动到出料位后,3D打印方法还可包括:
步骤S600,在出料位卸下承接件所承接的打印件。
基于本申请实施例提供的打印机010,在承接件351到达出料位时,接件驱动组件352可驱动拨料件354自承接件351的远离出料口3511的一侧朝向出料口3511移动,以将接料空间容纳的打印件020自出料口3511拨出。在本实施例中,在承接件351与限位件抵接后,驱动拨料件354克服与承接件351之间的磁吸作用而朝向出料口3511运动,从而将打印件020自出料口3511拨出。在拨料件354的拨料部3541为软质拨料部时,在打印件020自出料口拨出的同时,接料空间内的液态打印材料也能够自出料口拨出。进一步地,拨料件354能够在将打印件020自出料口3511拨出后到达拨料完成位置,本实施例的3D打印方法还包括:在判定拨料件354到达拨料完成位置时,控制拨料件354停止移动。具体地,当拨料件354移动到拨料完成位置时,拨料完成感测器363会向控制机构输出拨料完成感测信号,以使控制机构控制拨料件354停止移动,拨料件354和承接件351到达如图30中第四步所示的位置。
步骤S700,驱动拨料件移动,以带动承接件移动至等待位后停止移动。
在本实施例中,承接件351还具有与接料位间隔的等待位,等待位位于3D打印机010的打印区域之外。在出料位卸下承接件351所承接的打印件020之后,基于本实施例的打印机010,控制承接件351移动至等待位包括:控制接件驱动组件352驱动拨料件354从拨料完成位置朝远离承接件351的出料口3511的方向移动至承接件351的远离出料口3511的一端,且与承接件351接触,并将承接件351带至等待位后停止移动。等待位是承接件351等待去承接打印件的位置,从等待位移动至接料位进行接料效率较高,且该位置位于打印区域之外,不会影响打印作业进行,等待打印完成后承接件351再移动至接料位。因此,控制承接件351移动至接料位的步骤,具体则为:控制承接件351从等待位移动至接料位。
在一个实施例中,承接件351的等待位位于接料位与出料位之间;在另一个可选的实施例中,等待位与出料位重合。拨料件354在完成拨料后,需沿第二方向朝背离承接件351的出料口3511的方向运动,以与承接件351的远离出料口3511的一端接触,以为接件组件350下次接件时带动承接件351向接料位运动做准备。应注意,在拨料件354移动到与承接件351接触时,可能会存在因磁吸作用和拨料件354的抵接作用,导致承接件351向接料位方向移动一段距离而进入打印区域内,从而可能会影响打印机010的打印工作,如图30中第五步所示。因此,在这种情况下,在与承接件351接触之后,拨料件354还需要在接件驱动组件352的驱动下带动承接件351沿第二方向背离接料位运动一端距离,以到达等待位,并呈现为图30中第六步所示的姿态。图30的第六步中铲件机构300的姿态与第一步中的姿态相同,承接件351均位于等待位,至此,承接件351完成一次完整的接件流程。
在本实施例中,承接件感测器364被配置为在承接件351到达等待位时,向控制机构输出等待感测信号,控制机构根据该等待感测信号控制接件驱动组件352停止驱动。
在本实施例中,储存件400可用于接收承接件351卸下的打印件020。进一步地,为了使储存件400满件后能够及时提醒操作员取走打印件020,避免打印件020从储存件400落出,3D打印方法还包括: 检测储存件400是否满件;在检测到储存件400满件的情况下,控制输出满件提示信息。满件提示信息可以是语音提示信息,和/或,图片、文字提示信息,对应地,打印机010可以含有扬声器、显示屏等用于输出满件提示信息的交互机构。
同理,铲具321、拨料件354、承接件351、成型平台200在作业过程中被判定为异常,比如上述提到的成型平台200下降第二距离后铲具321与成型面210之间的压力仍未达到压力阈值,以及铲具321在成型面210滑移第一时长后未检测到铲具321到达铲具321终止位置,也可以发出提示信息以便操作员发现异常并对异常进行排查。
进一步地,本申请中的3D打印方法还可包括自动加液的方法,具体可在一定条件下通过控制自动加液机构向料盘700中自动添加打印材料。其中,该自动加液机构可与前述实施例中的自动加液机构相同或者不同,且其加液方式可以为重力加液、泵送加液等,此处不做限定,只要能够实现自动加液即可。
在一实施例中,可以在打印机010的一次打印开始之前通过自动加液机构向料盘700中添加打印材料。当然,本实施例中并不限定每次打印开始之前都执行加液操作,例如可至少根据料盘700中的打印材料的量等因素确定是否需要加液。
具体地,在需要加液的情况下,若在一次打印开始之前无需执行铲件操作,则直接加液即可,待加液完成后便可进行3D打印工作;而若在一次打印开始之前需要执行铲件操作,则自动加液可与铲件操作同步进行,也可以在铲件操作完成前或完成后执行自动加液,此处不做限定。
对于需要执行铲件操作的情况,可在前一次打印结束后(此时光照机构已停止曝光),控制自动加液机构进行加液。具体地,可在成型平台200开始上升时开启加液,也可在成型平台200上升并到达平台初始位置时开启加液,还可以在铲具321自铲具起始位置开始移动、铲具321移动至压刀位、完成压刀、铲具321开始铲件、铲具321移动至铲具终止位置、承接件351移动至出料位等节点开启自动加液,只要能满足在完成铲件操作之前或同时完成自动加液即可,此处不做具体限定。
本实施例中,自动加液的开始还可进一步依据料盘700中打印材料的液位进行确定,即在到达上述时间节点后,进一步检测液位,在液位满足加液需求,例如在到达和/或低于预设液位时进行加液;而自动加液的终止可依据料盘700中打印材料的液位、待打印的打印件所需的打印材料的预估用量等中的至少一种进行确定,例如可在液位到达和/或高于另一预设液位时,或者在添加量等于或大于待打印件所需的打印材料预估用量时停止加液。
在一应用场景中,在一次打印开始之前,可通过液位传感器检测料盘700中打印材料的初始液位,并反馈至控制机构,在检测到料盘700中打印材料的初始液位低于第一目标液位时,控制自动加液机构向料盘700中添加打印材料,并向料盘中添加打印材料的过程中,实时或每隔预定的时间间隔通过液位传感器检测料盘700中打印材料的液位,并反馈至控制机构,在检测到料盘700中打印材料的液位到达第二目标液位时,控制自动加液机构停止向料盘700中添加打印材料,从而完成自动加液。其中,第一目标液位可低于该第二目标液位。
此外,第一目标液位还可与第二目标液位重合,这种情况下,在检测到液位低于该预设低/高液位时即可控制加液,并在液位上升至该预设低/高液位液位时停止加液。
在另一应用场景中,自动打印机构为前述实施例中的自动加液机构900,此时,在一次打印开始之前,执行自动加液的步骤可包括:
S20:获取打印件信息及料盘700中打印材料的第一液位;
具体的,打印件信息可以包括打印件的参数等,如打印层数、打印时间、切片数据、工艺参数等。该打印件信息可从打印机010的存储器中直接调取,或者通过其它方式得到。另外,可通过上述液位传感器获取得到第一液位,或者也可以其它手段获取。
S30:在当前满足第一加液条件的情况下,根据打印件信息确定打印材料的类型,并根据打印材料的类型确定加液参数;加液参数包括加液时长;第一加液条件包括第一液位小于第一预设值;
具体的,在第一液位小于第一预设值情况下,则表明需要进行加液。此时根据打印件信息确定打印材料的类型,并且根据打印材料的类型选取加液参数。需要说明的是,可以预先设置打印材料的类型与加液参数的一一对应关系,在确定打印材料的类型后即可确定加液参数。
S40:控制加液驱动组件940驱动封堵件931,以使出液口处于开启状态以向料盘700中添加打印材料且维持开启状态的时长达到加液时长。
具体的,可先获取成型平台200的当前位置,在检测到成型平台200到达平台初始位置时,控制加液驱动组件940驱动封堵件931,以使出液口处于开启状态;并且在出液口维持开启状态的时长达到上述加液时长后,控制加液驱动组件940驱动封堵件931,以使出液口处于封堵状态。
当然,在本应用场景中,根据打印件信息确定打印材料的类型之前,还可包括步骤S10:获取3D打印机的储料机构950的当前重量;第一加液条件还包括当前重量大于第二预设值。
其中,在储料机构950的当前重量低于第二预设值时,可发出更换提示,以便于作业人员及时更换储料机构950,以保证加料盒920中的打印材料的量。其中,可通过接收上述重力传感器传输的重量信息得到储料机构950的当前重量。
另外,在一个具体示例中,控制加液驱动组件940驱动封堵件931动作,以使出液口处于开启状态且维持开启状态的时长达到加液时长的步骤之后,还包括步骤S50:
获取料盘700的第二液位;在第二液位低于预设液位的情况下,发出提示信号。
可以理解的是,通过该步骤发出提示信息进行报错,能够便于作业人员进行排查打印机010的故障信息,例如当第一液位信息低于预设液位时,可能为出液部922发生堵塞等。
需要说明的是,通过本应用场景中的自动加液方法,可以适配不同材料进行打印时的加液需求。此外,在加料盒920通向料盘700打印材料的流速稳定的情况下,能够实现对料盘700中打印材料的精准控制,进一步提高了打印的成功率以及避免了打印材料的浪费。
在另一实施例中,可以在打印机010打印过程中通过自动加液机构向料盘700中添加打印材料。可以理解地,本实施例中不限定每次打印过程中均进行加液操作,而可根据料盘700中的打印材料的液位、打印需求等进行确定。
本实施例中在进行加液操作时,可先暂停打印,包括平台驱动机构800暂停驱动成型平台200移动、光照机构暂停曝光等,然后再控制自动加液机构加液,并在加液结束后,或者进一步等料盘700中的打印材料稳定后再开始打印,如此,即便是在打印过程中加液,也不会因扰动料盘700中的打印材料而对打印质量产生不利影响。
进一步地,自动加液的开始可依据料盘700中打印材料的液位、打印数据等进行确定,例如在到达和/或低于预设液位时,或者在前一次加液后,打印工作已消耗打印材料的消耗量、已打印的层数、已打印的打印件的高度、已打印的打印件的体积等打印数据进行确定;自动加液的终止可依据料盘700中打印材料的液位、待打印的打印件所需的打印材料的预估用量等中的至少一种进行确定,例如可在液位到达和/或高于另一预设液位时,或者在添加量等于或大于待打印件所需的打印材料预估用量时停止加液。
在一应用场景中,在打印过程中,可通过液位传感器实时或每隔预定的时间间隔检测料盘700中打印材料的液位,并反馈至控制机构,在检测到料盘700中打印材料的初始液位低于第一目标液位时,可暂停打印,然后控制自动加液机构向料盘700中添加打印材料,并在向料盘700中添加打印材料的过程中,实时或每隔预定的时间间隔通过液位传感器检测料盘700中打印材料的液位,并反馈至控制机构,在检测到料盘700中打印材料的液位到达第二目标液位时,控制自动加液机构停止向料盘700中添加打印材料,从而完成自动加液,然后继续开始打印。其中,第一目标液位可低于该第二目标液位。
此外,第一目标液位还可与第二目标液位重合,这种情况下,在检测到液位低于该预设低/高液位时即可控制加液,并在液位上升至该预设低/高液位液位时停止加液。
在另一应用场景中,可预先设置料盘700的目标液位,打印过程中,可获取打印层数、打印高度、打印体积(即已打印的打印件的体积)、打印材料的消耗量等打印数据中的至少一种,在打印数据对应的数值达到预设数值时,例如,在打印机每打印预定层数或者预定高度的打印件或者每消耗预设量的打印材料时,或者预估已打印的打印件的体积到达单次消耗打印材料的最大消耗量(该最大消耗量可预先设定,以不至于在打印过程中将料盘700中的打印材料耗尽)时,可暂定打印,然后控制自动加液机构向料盘700中添加打印材料,并在自动加液机构向料盘700中添加打印材料的过程中,实时或每隔预定 的时间间隔通过液位传感器检测料盘700中打印材料的液位,并反馈至控制机构,在检测到料盘700中打印材料的液位到达目标液位时,则可控制自动加液机构停止向料盘700中添加打印材料,从而完成加液,并在完成加液后再继续开始打印。
该应用场景中,打印层数、打印高度、打印体积、打印材料的消耗量指在一次打印过程中,自本次打印开始后的最近一次自动加液后算起,所打印的层数、打印件已打印的高度、打印件已打印的体积、打印材料已消耗的用量等;或者在本次打印开始后尚未进行过自动加液的情况下,自本次打印开始算起,所打印的层数、打印件已打印的高度、打印件已打印的体积、打印材料已消耗的用量等。当然,在其他应用场景当中,还可以指累计打印层数、累计打印高度、累计打印体积、打印材料的累计消耗量等,此处不做限定。另外,打印体积可根据已打印的打印件对应的切片数据估算得出,例如可根据各层切片的面积以及对应的层厚得到相应的体积。
需要说明的是,该应用场景中,预先设置的目标液位可以是一较低的液位。具体地,本应用场景中不限定该预先设置的目标液位的具体位置,该目标液位可根据料盘700的形状、尺寸以及打印机010的其它相关部件的影响共同设定。在本应用场景中,该目标液位对应的打印材料的量可以为可小于次打印过程中的打印材料的总消耗量,即不能满足打印机010完成一次打印的所需用量,因此需要在打印过程中进行自动加液。另外,在其它应用场景中,该液位对应的打印材料的量也可能够满足一次打印或者几次打印对应的消耗量,例如在恰好可以满足一次打印的消耗量时,可在下次打印前添加打印材料,此时的添加量可根据对液位的监控进行添加。
可以理解地,若打印材料在料盘700中的液位较高,则消耗该打印材料需要经过较长时间的打印,从而使得部分打印材料在被打印而消耗掉之前有较长时间和几率与外界光线接触,在一定程度上会更容易发生不必要的固化、变质,从而在料盘700的打印材料中产生残渣,进而影响打印质量。而本应用场景中,由于液位为较低的液位,通过控制机构对自动加液机构的控制,使得料盘700中的打印材料始终维持在较低的液位下,能够减少料盘700的中的打印材料与外界光线接触,从而大大降低打印材料因与外界光线接触而导致不必要的固化的概率,减少料盘700中产生残渣的可能,进而降低其对打印质量产生不利影响的风险。
此外,本实施例中的自动加液方法还可以参照前一实施例中的依据打印件信息确定加液时长的方式进行加液,只是加液的时间节点不同,相关详细内容请参阅上述实施例,此处不再赘述。
上述各种加液方式中,控制机构均可通过液位传感器获取料盘700中打印材料的液位,其中,液位传感器具体可包括以下传感器的任意一种:阻抗式传感器、电容式传感器和激光传感器。
综上所述,本申请提供的3D打印方法可包括控制成型平台200和铲具321相互接近,并获取铲具321与成型面210之间的压力;在铲具321与成型面210之间的压力达到压力阈值的情况下,停止成型平台200和铲具321相互接近;控制铲具321在成型面210上滑移以将打印件从成型面210上剥离。该3D打印方法可以自动化地实现将打印件从成型平台200上剥离,承接打印件,并将打印件在出料位卸下,储存在储存件400中的操作。基于在打印完成后,铲件、接件、储件等操作的全流程自动化实现,因此能够提高打印效率,并实现无人值守地进行打印作业,减少了人力成本。并且通过检测铲具321与成型面210之间的压力,在达到压力阈值时进行铲件,能够保证较佳的铲件效果,同时避免设备损坏。此外,该方法能够避免人工进行铲件所导致的人身或者设备被污染。
本申请提供的铲件机构300包括铲件组件310和接件组件350,铲件组件310被配置为将打印件从成型面210上剥离,接件组件350被配置为在接料位承接从成型面210剥离的打印件并将打印件从接料位移开。本申请提供的3D打印机010包括成型平台200、平台驱动机构800以及上述的铲件机构300;成型平台200具有成型面210,成型面210被配置为供打印件附着,平台驱动机构800被配置为驱动成型平台200移动;压力传感器被配置为获取铲具321与成型面210之间的压力。本申请提供的3D打印机010能够实现上述的3D打印方法,因此也具有作业效率高,打印产品质量稳定,减少打印材料对人身或设备的污染等有益效果。同时,还可以实现在无人值守的情况下进行打印作业,节约了人力成本。
以上,仅为本申请的具体实施方式,但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因 此,本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。
工业实用性
本申请提供的铲件机构、铲件方法和3D打印机能够将铲件、接件、储件等操作的全流程自动化实现,因此能够提高打印效率,并实现无人值守地进行打印作业,减少了人力成本;并且,该3D打印机的打印产品质量稳定,且能减少打印材料对人身或设备的污染。

Claims (61)

  1. 一种铲件机构,应用于3D打印机,所述3D打印机包括成型平台,所述成型平台具有成型面,所述成型面被配置为附着打印件,其特征在于,所述铲件机构包括:
    铲件组件,包括:
    铲具,被配置为将所述打印件从所述成型面上剥离;
    铲件驱动组件,被配置为驱动所述铲具和所述成型平台中的至少一者,使得所述铲具和所述成型平台相对移动,以通过所述铲具将所述打印件从所述成型面上剥离;
    接件组件,包括:
    承接件,具有接料位,所述承接件被配置为在所述接料位承接从所述成型面上剥离的所述打印件;
    接件驱动组件,被配置为驱动所述承接件移动至所述接料位。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述承接件还具有出料位;
    所述接件驱动组件还被配置为驱动所述承接件移动至所述出料位,所述接件组件还被配置为在所述出料位卸下所述打印件。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述承接件具有被配置为容纳所述打印件的接料空间,及与所述接料空间连通的出料口,所述接件组件还包括拨料件,所述拨料件至少部分设置于所述接料空间内;
    所述接件驱动组件还被配置为在所述承接件到达所述出料位时,驱动所述拨料件朝向所述出料口移动,以将所述接料空间容纳的所述打印件自所述出料口拨出。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述拨料件能够在将所述打印件自所述出料口拨出后到达拨料完成位置,所述铲件机构还包括拨料完成感测器;
    所述拨料完成感测器被配置为在所述拨料件到达所述拨料完成位置时,输出拨料完成感测信号。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述拨料件包括软质拨料部,所述软质拨料部被配置为在所述拨料件拨料时与所述承接件的接料空间的底部滑动并弹性抵接,以将所述接料空间内的物料自所述出料口拨出。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述拨料件包括第一磁性部,所述承接件包括第二磁性部,所述拨料件与所述承接件通过所述第一磁性部与第二磁性部之间的磁吸作用连接,所述接件驱动组件还被配置为在所述承接件接料完成后驱动所述拨料件以在所述磁吸作用下带动所述承接件自所述接料位朝向所述出料位移动。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述第二磁性部设置于所述承接件的远离所述出料口的一端,所述铲件机构还包括限位件,所述限位件被配置为在所述承接件移动至所述出料位时抵接所述承接件以限制其继续移动;
    所述接件驱动组件还被配置为在所述承接件与所述限位件抵接后,驱动所述拨料件克服与所述承接件之间的磁吸作用而朝向所述出料口运动。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述接件组件还包括拨料件轨道,所述拨料件的一端与所述接件驱动组件传动连接,另一端搭接于所述拨料件轨道并被配置为沿所述拨料件轨道可移动。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述承接件还具有与所述接料位间隔的等待位,所述铲件机构还包括承接件感测器,所述承接件感测器被配置为在所述承接件到达所述等待位时,输出等待感测信号。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述接件驱动组件被配置为驱动所述承接件在所述出料位与所述接料位之间移动,所述等待位设置于所述出料位与所述接料位之间;或,
    所述等待位与所述出料位重合。
  11. 根据权利要求2-10中任一项所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述承接件具有被配置为承 接所述打印件的接料空间以及与所述接料空间连通过的出料口,所述接件组件还包括翻转组件,所述翻转组件被配置为在所述出料位处翻转所述承接件,以卸下所述接料空间内容纳的所述打印件。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述接件组件还包括承接件轨道,所述承接件的两侧搭接于所述承接件轨道上,并被配置为沿所述承接件轨道可移动。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述铲件机构还包括接料位感测器;所述接料位感测器被配置为在所述承接件到达所述接料位时,输出接料感测信号。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述铲件驱动组件被配置为驱动所述铲具在铲具终止位置与铲具初始位置之间移动;所述铲件机构还包括:
    第一感测器,被配置为在所述铲具到达所述铲具终止位置时输出铲具终止感测信号;和/或,
    第二感测器,被配置为在所述铲具到达所述铲具初始位置时输出铲具初始感测信号。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述铲件组件还包括遮板,所述遮板设置于所述铲具初始位置的上方以在所述铲具位于所述铲具初始位置时遮挡所述铲具。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述铲具为具有刀刃的铲刀。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述铲刀具有相背设置的第一表面和第二表面,以及连接所述第一表面和第二表面的坡面,所述坡面与所述第一表面的夹角为锐角,所述坡面与所述第一表面的交接处形成所述铲刀的刀刃,所述刀刃被配置为当所述铲刀在所述成型面上滑动时接触所述成型面,所述第一表面被配置为当所述铲刀在所述成型面上滑动时朝向所述成型面,所述第二表面被配置为当所述铲刀在所述成型面上滑动时背离所述成型面。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述铲刀包括沿长度方向设置的两端部,所述铲刀的刀刃设置于所述两端部之间;
    所述铲件组件还包括阻液件,所述阻液件设置于所述铲刀上,并被配置为阻挡所述铲刀上的液态打印材料向所述两端部流动。
  19. 根据权利要求16所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述铲刀的刀刃为弧形刀刃,或,
    所述铲刀的刀刃为直线刀刃,且倾斜于所述铲刀的移动方向。
  20. 根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述铲件驱动组件包括动力模组、传动模组、滑轨和滑动座,所述铲具安装于所述滑动座上,且所述滑动座滑动连接于所述滑轨,所述铲具驱动组件与所述滑动座传动连接,并被配置为驱动所述滑动座带动所述铲具沿所述滑轨移动。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述铲件驱动组件包括两个所述滑轨和两个所述滑动座,两个所述滑轨平行间隔设置,两个所述滑动座分别滑动连接于两个所述滑轨,所述铲具的两端分别安装于两个所述滑动座上。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述传动模组包括动力接收单元、传动轴和两个同步传动单元;
    所述动力接收单元分别与所述动力模组和传动轴连接,每个同步传动单元分别与所述传动轴和对应的滑动座连接,所述动力接收单元被配置为接收所述动力模组提供的动力,并传动至所述传动轴,以驱动所述同步传动单元同步运动并带动对应的所述滑动座同步运动。
  23. 根据权利要求20所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述铲具为具有刀刃的铲刀,所述铲件组件还包括刀座和调节组件,所述铲刀安装于所述刀座,所述刀座与所述滑动座连接,所述调节组件被配置为配合所述刀座调节所述铲刀相对于所述成型面的倾角。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述调节组件包括第一弹性件,所述第一弹性件的一端抵接所述刀座,另一端抵接所述滑动座,所述第一弹性件具有扩大所述铲刀相对于所述成型面的倾角的趋势。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述调节组件还包括调节件,所述调节件相对于所述滑动座的位置可调,所述调节件被配置为抵接所述刀座的背离所述滑动座的一侧, 以限制所述铲刀相对于所述成型面的最大倾角。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述第一弹性件为压缩弹簧,所述调节件为调节螺栓,所述调节螺栓包括互相连接的头部和螺杆,所述调节螺栓的螺杆穿设于所述刀座和所述压缩弹簧并与所述滑动座螺接,所述调节螺栓的头部被配置为抵接所述刀座的背离所述压缩弹簧的一侧。
  27. 根据权利要求20所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,还包括打印件感测器,所述打印件感测器设置于所述滑动座上,所述打印件感测器被配置为检测所述成型平台的成型面上的打印件。
  28. 根据权利要求1-27中任一项所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述铲件组件还包括铲具标签,所述铲具标签设置于所述铲具上,所述铲件机构还包括被配置为识别所述铲具标签的铲具读卡器。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的铲件机构,其特征在于,所述铲具标签为NFC标签,所述铲具标签被配置为记录所述铲具的铲件次数,所述铲具读卡器被配置为从所述铲具标签读取所述铲具的铲件次数。
  30. 一种3D打印机,其特征在于,包括如权利要求1至29中任一项所述的铲件机构,所述3D打印机还包括:
    料盘,被配置为盛放打印材料;
    成型平台,具有成型面,并被配置为将所述打印材料逐层粘附至所述成型面上,以得到打印件;
    其中,所述铲件机构位于所述料盘与成型平台之间。
  31. 根据权利要求30所述的3D打印机,其特征在于,还包括:
    平台驱动机构,被配置为驱动所述成型平台移动;
    压力感测器,被配置为检测所述铲具与所述成型面之间的压力。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的3D打印机,其特征在于,所述平台驱动机构被配置为驱动所述成型平台在第一方向上移动,所述铲件驱动组件被配置为驱动所述铲具在第二方向上移动,其中,所述第一方向与所述第二方向垂直。
  33. 根据权利要求30所述的3D打印机,其特征在于,还包括储存件,所述储存件具有被配置为收纳所述打印件的收纳空间,所述储存件被配置为承接从所述承接件卸下的打印件。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的3D打印机,其特征在于,还包括基板,所述基板开设有物料接收孔,所述铲件机构位于所述基板的一侧,所述储存件位于所述基板的另一侧并对应所述物料接收孔设置,并被配置为接收自所述承接件卸下并经所述物料接收孔掉落的所述打印件。
  35. 根据权利要求30所述的3D打印机,其特征在于,还包括人体感应机构和操作机构,所述人体感应机构用于在检测到预设区域有人体时输出人体感知信号,并启动或唤醒所述操作机构。
  36. 根据权利要求35所述的3D打印机,其特征在于,所述操作机构包括照明机构和显示屏中的至少一种,所述人体感应机构包括5.8GHz的微波雷达。
  37. 根据权利要求30所述的3D打印机,其特征在于,所述3D打印机还包括:
    基板,开设有避位通孔,且表面设置有导向压块,其中,所述导向压块与所述基板的表面之间形成卡槽,所述料盘的边部与所述卡槽配合;
    浮动机构,包括抵接件和第二弹性件,其中,所述抵接件可升降地设置于所述避位通孔处,所述第二弹性件被配置为推动所述抵接件抵接所述料盘的下表面,以使所述料盘被所述导向压块和所述抵接件夹持。
  38. 根据权利要求37所述的3D打印机,其特征在于,所述浮动机构还包括浮动件和导向轴,所述抵接件连接于所述浮动件并穿设于所述避位通孔,所述导向轴连接于所述基板背离所述料盘的一侧,所述浮动件与所述导向轴滑动配合,所述第二弹性件被配置为推动所述浮动件向所述基板运动。
  39. 根据权利要求30所述的3D打印机,其特征在于,所述3D打印机还包括:
    基板,开设有避位通孔,且表面设置有导向压块,其中,所述导向压块与所述基板的表面之间形成卡槽,所述料盘的边部与所述卡槽配合;
    浮动机构,包括抵接件和第一磁吸件,其中,所述抵接件可升降地设置于所述避位通孔处,所述第一磁吸件位于所述基板背离所述料盘的一侧,所述第一磁吸件与所述抵接件传动连接,所述基板上设置有与所述第一磁吸件相对的第二磁吸件,所述第一磁吸件与所述第二磁吸件被配置为在通电状态下产生相互吸引力,以增大所述抵接件抵接所述料盘的下表面的作用力,以使所述料盘被所述导向压块和所述抵接件夹持。
  40. 根据权利要求39所述的3D打印机,其特征在于,所述浮动机构还包括浮动件和导向轴,所述导向轴连接于所述基板背离所述料盘的一侧,所述浮动件与所述导向轴滑动配合,所述第一磁吸件连接于所述浮动件,所述抵接件连接于所述浮动件并穿设于所述避位通孔。
  41. 根据权利要求40所述的3D打印机,其特征在于,所述浮动机构还包括调节板、连接螺钉和至少两个调节螺钉,所述浮动件上设置有第一通孔,所述调节板上设置有第二通孔,所述调节板设置于所述浮动件背离所述第一磁吸件的一侧,所述连接螺钉穿设于所述第一通孔和所述第二通孔,所述连接螺钉的头部被设置为能够抵接所述调节板,所述连接螺钉的另一端与所述第一磁吸件螺接;所述调节板上还设置有与所述调节螺钉一一对应的调节螺孔,所述调节螺钉与所述调节螺孔螺接后抵接所述浮动件。
  42. 根据权利要求30所述的3D打印机,其特征在于,所述3D打印机还包括自动加液机构和储料机构,所述自动加液机构包括:
    中转加液组件,包括:
    加料盒,包括加料盒本体和出液部;所述出液部与所述加料盒本体连通;所述加料盒本体被配置为承接所述储料机构流出的打印材料;
    锁紧结构,包括封堵件和第四弹性件;所述封堵件沿所述出液部的轴线方向移动;所述第四弹性件作被配置为所述封堵件,以使所述封堵件根据所述第四弹性件的弹力抵顶所述出液部的出液口;
    加液驱动组件,被配置为驱动所述封堵件,以开启或封堵所述出液口。
  43. 根据权利要求42所述的3D打印机,其特征在于,
    所述储料机构包括储液瓶和止回阀;所述储液瓶与所述止回阀的进液口连通;
    所述中转加液组件还包括防呆件,所述防呆件设置于所述加料盒本体的容纳腔;所述止回阀的下底面的高度小于所述防呆件远离所述加料盒本体的一端的高度,所述防呆件远离所述加料盒本体的一端位于所述止回阀内。
  44. 根据权利要求42所述的3D打印机,其特征在于,所述锁紧结构还包括滑动件;所述封堵件与所述滑动件滑动连接,所述滑动件与所述出液部的外表面固定连接。
  45. 根据权利要求44所述的3D打印机,其特征在于,所述出液部包括与所述加料盒本体连通的出液管道,以及设置于所述出液管道侧壁的第一固定支架,所述滑动件与所述第一固定支架固定连接,所述封堵件包括抵持部及与所述抵持部连接的挡板,所述挡板被配置为封堵所述出液管道;所述抵持部和所述挡板分别设于所述第一固定支架的两侧;
    所述中转加液组件还包括紧固件,所述抵持部通过所述紧固件与所述第一固定支架连接;所述第四弹性件套设于所述紧固件;所述第四弹性件的一端抵持于所述第一固定支架,另一端抵持于所述抵持部,所述第四弹性件处于压缩状态时,所述挡板根据所述第四弹性件的弹力抵顶所述出液部的出液口。
  46. 根据权利要求30所述的3D打印机,其特征在于,还包括平台读卡器及设置于所述成型平台上的平台标签,所述平台标签被配置为记录所述成型平台的使用次数,所述平台读卡器被配置为从所述平台标签读取所述成型平台的使用次数;和/或,
    所述3D打印机还包括料盘读卡器及设置于所述料盘上的料盘标签,所述料盘标签被配置为记录所述料盘的使用次数,所述料盘读卡器被配置为从所述料盘标签读取所述料盘的使用次数。
  47. 一种3D打印方法,应用于权利要求30-46中任一项所述的3D打印机,其特征在于,所述3D打印方法包括:
    控制所述承接件移动至所述接料位;
    控制所述铲具在所述成型面上滑动以将所述打印件从所述成型面上剥离至所述承接件;
    控制承接有所述打印件的所述承接件移动,以远离所述接料位。
  48. 根据权利要求47所述的3D打印方法,其特征在于,在控制所述铲具在所述成型面上滑动以将所述打印件从所述成型面上剥离至所述承接件的步骤之前,所述3D打印方法还包括:
    控制所述成型平台和铲具相互接近,并获取所述铲具与所述成型面之间的压力;
    在所述压力达到压力阈值时,停止所述成型平台和所述铲具相互接近。
  49. 根据权利要求48所述的3D打印方法,其特征在于,控制所述成型平台和所述铲具相互接近,并获取所述铲具与所述成型面之间的压力的步骤,包括:
    控制所述铲具自铲具初始位置移动至压刀位置,其中,所述压刀位置位于所述成型平台在第一方向上的一侧;
    控制所述成型平台沿所述第一方向以第一速度自平台初始位置向所述铲具的压刀位置移动;
    在所述成型平台以所述第一速度移动预设距离后时,控制所述成型平台沿所述第一方向以第二速度朝向所述铲具移动,并持续获取所述铲具与所述成型面之间的压力;
    在所述压力达到压力阈值时,控制所述成型平台停止移动;
    其中,所述预设距离小于所述平台初始位置与所述压刀位置在所述第一方向上的间距,且所述第二速度小于所述第一速度。
  50. 根据权利要求49所述的3D打印方法,其特征在于,还包括:
    在所述打印件与所述成型面分离之后,控制所述铲具移动至所述铲具初始位置。
  51. 根据权利要求47所述的3D打印方法,其特征在于,所述承接件还具有出料位,控制承接有所述打印件的所述承接件移动,以远离所述接料位的步骤,包括:
    控制承接有所述打印件的所述承接件从所述接料位移动至所述出料位;
    所述3D打印方法还包括:
    在所述出料位卸下所述承接件所承接的所述打印件。
  52. 根据权利要求51所述的3D打印方法,其特征在于,所述承接件具有出料口,所述3D打印机还包括拨料件,在所述出料位卸下所述承接件所承接的所述打印件的步骤,包括:
    在所述承接件到达所述出料位后,驱动所述拨料件将所述承接件所承接的所述打印件自所述出料口拨出。
  53. 根据权利要求52所述的3D打印方法,其特征在于,所述拨料件与所述承接件之间通过磁吸作用连接,控制承接有所述打印件的所述承接件从所述接料位移动至所述出料位的步骤,包括:
    驱动所述拨料件移动,以在所述磁吸作用下带动所述承接件自所述接料位移动至所述出料位;
    在所述承接件到达所述出料位后,驱动所述拨料件将所述承接件所承接的所述打印件自所述出料口拨出的步骤,包括:
    在所述承接件到达所述出料位并暂停运动后,驱动所述拨料件克服与所述承接件之间的磁吸作用而朝向所述出料口运动,以将所述承接件所承接的所述打印件自所述出料口拨出。
  54. 根据权利要求52所述的3D打印方法,其特征在于,所述承接件还具有与所述接料位间隔的等待位,所述等待位位于所述3D打印机的打印区域之外;
    在所述出料位卸下所述承接件所承接的所述打印件的步骤之后,所述3D打印方法还包括:驱动所述拨料件移动,以带动所述承接件移动至所述等待位后停止移动;
    控制所述承接件移动至所述接料位的步骤,包括:驱动所述拨料件移动,以带动所述承接件从所述等待位移动至所述接料位。
  55. 根据权利要求51-54中任一项所述的3D打印方法,其特征在于,所述3D打印机还包括储 存件及满件感测器,所述储存件被配置为接收所述承接件在所述出料位卸下的打印件,所述3D打印方法还包括:
    通过所述满件感测器检测所述储存件是否满件;
    在检测到所述储存件满件时,控制输出满件提示信息。
  56. 根据权利要求47-55中任一项所述的3D打印方法,其特征在于,所述3D打印机还包括自动加液机构,所述3D打印方法还包括:
    获取所述料盘中打印材料的初始液位,并在所述初始液位低于第一目标液位时,控制所述自动加液机构向所述料盘中添加打印材料;
    在所述自动加液机构向所述料盘中添加打印材料的过程中,获取所述料盘中打印材料的液位,并在所述液位达到第二目标液位时,控制所述自动加液机构停止向所述料盘中添加打印材料;
    其中,所述第一目标液位与所述第二目标液位重合或所述第一目标液位低于所述第二目标液位。
  57. 根据权利要求47-55中任一项所述的3D打印方法,其特征在于,所述3D打印机还包括自动加液机构,所述3D打印方法还包括:
    获取打印数据,其中,所述打印数据包括打印层数、打印高度、打印体积及打印材料的消耗量中的至少一种;
    在所述打印数据对应的数值达到预设数值时,控制所述自动加液机构向所述料盘中添加打印材料;
    在所述自动加液机构向所述料盘中添加打印材料的过程中,获取所述料盘中打印材料的液位,并在所述液位达到目标液位时,控制所述自动加液机构停止向所述料盘中添加打印材料。
  58. 根据权利要求57所述的3D打印方法,其特征在于,所述目标液位对应的打印材料的量小于一次打印过程中的打印材料的总消耗量;
    获取打印数据的步骤包括:在所述3D打印机打印过程中,获取所述打印数据。
  59. 根据权利要求47-55中任一项所述的3D打印方法,其特征在于,所述3D打印机还包括自动加液机构,所述自动加液机构定义有出液口,并包括封堵件和驱动机构,所述3D打印方法还包括:
    获取打印件信息及所述料盘中打印材料的第一液位;
    在当前满足第一加液条件的情况下,根据所述打印件信息确定打印材料的类型,并根据所述打印材料的类型确定加液参数;所述加液参数包括加液时长;所述第一加液条件包括所述第一液位小于第一预设值;
    控制所述驱动机构驱动所述封堵件,以使所述出液口处于开启状态以向所述料盘中添加打印材料,且维持所述开启状态的时长达到所述加液时长。
  60. 根据权利要求59所述的3D打印方法,其特征在于,控制所述驱动机构驱动所述封堵件的步骤,包括:
    获取所述成型平台的当前位置,并在所述成型平台到达平台初始位置时,控制所述驱动机构驱动所述封堵件,以使所述出液口处于开启状态;
    所述3D打印方法还包括:
    在所述出液口维持所述开启状态的时长达到所述加液时长后,控制所述驱动机构驱动所述封堵件,以使所述出液口处于封堵状态。
  61. 根据权利要求59所述的3D打印方法,其特征在于,所述3D打印机还包括被配置为提供打印材料的储料机构,根据所述打印件信息确定打印材料的类型的步骤之前,所述3D打印方法还包括:
    获取所述3D打印机的储料机构的当前重量;所述第一加液条件还包括所述当前重量大于第二预设值。
PCT/CN2022/131986 2022-04-26 2022-11-15 铲件机构、3d打印机和3d打印方法 WO2023207034A1 (zh)

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