WO2023193510A1 - 一种导向柱及具有其的电池包导向系统 - Google Patents

一种导向柱及具有其的电池包导向系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023193510A1
WO2023193510A1 PCT/CN2023/073518 CN2023073518W WO2023193510A1 WO 2023193510 A1 WO2023193510 A1 WO 2023193510A1 CN 2023073518 W CN2023073518 W CN 2023073518W WO 2023193510 A1 WO2023193510 A1 WO 2023193510A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frame
panel
battery pack
guide
bearing
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PCT/CN2023/073518
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姚帅
刘大为
李�昊
马满堂
朱连峻
周科
刘明义
裴杰
曹传钊
朱勇
曹曦
徐若晨
Original Assignee
中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司
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Application filed by 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 filed Critical 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司
Publication of WO2023193510A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023193510A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of new energy vehicles, and in particular to a guide column and a battery pack guide system having the same.
  • the energy replenishment of new energy electric vehicles is divided into two modes: plug-in charging and battery swapping.
  • the plug-in charging mode has the problems of high initial cost of purchasing batteries, long charging time and low charging safety.
  • the battery swap model combined with large-scale centralized charging has become a competitive technical model.
  • the general installation locations of replaceable battery packs are below the chassis, on the sides of the frame, behind the frame, and on top of the frame. Battery packs installed above the vehicle frame generally use ceiling-mounted battery replacement.
  • the power exchange mechanism When the pendant-mounted power exchange mechanism is exchanging power, because the power exchange mechanism is a flexible power exchange, a certain amount of sway will occur when the battery pack is dropped. It needs to pass through the first, second, and third-level guide columns when it is dropped to the battery pack bracket. Guide, so that the battery pack can accurately fall on the battery pack bracket to complete the overall battery replacement.
  • the battery pack When replacing the battery, the battery pack first passes through the first-level guide column before it is in place.
  • the first-level guide column limits the shaking of the battery pack with a larger shake to a smaller shake range, so that the shake value meets the second-level guide column. Guidance ability requirements.
  • the existing primary guide column is an integrated structure with an upper guide surface and a lower guide column. It is made of high-strength steel and is generally welded directly to the battery pack bracket to form an integral structure with the battery pack bracket, as shown in Figure 9.
  • the first-level guide column and the battery pack frame are both made of high-strength steel.
  • the battery pack and the first-level guide column will generate a large friction force during the guidance process. .
  • this impact force and friction will cause deformation and friction damage to the primary guide column, and in severe cases will directly affect the power exchange; it will also cause the same damage to the battery pack frame.
  • the damaged part of the first-level guide column may be torn and damaged due to vibration.
  • the structure increases battery replacement failure and potential safety risks of the battery pack.
  • the primary guide post is fixedly welded to the battery pack bracket, when replacing a damaged primary guide post, the battery pack bracket needs to be removed and cut for replacement.
  • the repair time is long, the repair process is complex, and the repair cost is high, which seriously affects vehicle operation. efficiency.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure propose a guide column and a battery pack guide system having the same.
  • a guide column including:
  • the guide surface is an inclined surface, and a first frame is fixedly arranged around the edges of the guide surface;
  • a first panel is provided above the guide surface.
  • the first panel is provided with a fourth through hole for the rolling bearing to pass through.
  • the outer bearing of the rolling bearing is exposed on the first panel.
  • the first frame, The second frame is fixedly connected to the first panel.
  • the first frame is provided with a plurality of first through holes
  • the second frame is provided with a plurality of second through holes
  • the first panel is provided with a plurality of third third through holes that are large on the outside and small on the inside. Through holes, the first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole cooperate with each other.
  • the bearing assembly further includes:
  • a third frame the size of the internal area enclosed by the third frame is consistent with that of the first frame, and the second frame is fixedly arranged on the outer ring of the third frame;
  • bearing rod the bearing rod is fixedly connected to the inner bearing of the rolling bearing
  • a positioning groove is symmetrically fixed and provided on the inner wall of the third frame, and the positioning groove is used to limit the position of the bearing rod;
  • the elastic element is arranged in the positioning groove, and the elastic element is selected according to the bearing capacity of the rolling bearing.
  • concentric large-head cylindrical structures or coaxial small bearing structures are provided at both ends of the bearing rod.
  • the elastic element is a spring
  • the rolling bearing is a deep groove ball bearing
  • the first frame, the second frame, and the third frame are all steel plate frames.
  • a battery pack guide system which includes a guide column and also includes:
  • Battery pack bracket the guide column body is fixedly arranged on the battery pack bracket in pairs, and a buffer rubber pad is provided on the battery pack bracket;
  • a battery pack frame is provided with a second panel at a contact location between the battery pack frame and the first panel.
  • one end of the second panel has a bevel.
  • the second panel is provided with a plurality of fifth through holes that are large on the outside and small on the inside, and the second panel is fixed on the battery pack frame through the fifth through holes.
  • both the first panel and the second panel are composite wear-resistant materials.
  • the first panel of the guide column, the bearing assembly and the frame of the guide surface are detachably connected, and maintenance can be completed by quickly replacing parts, which reduces the difficulty of maintenance, greatly shortens maintenance time, and ensures work efficiency. .
  • the friction force between the first panel and the second panel is reduced through the elastic force of the elastic element and the rotation of the rolling bearing.
  • the friction force between the first panel and the second panel is smaller than the friction of rigid contact. It not only protects the battery pack frame but also protects the guide surface of the guide column, eliminating the risk of structural damage during the subsequent operation of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack is in contact with the guide column during battery replacement.
  • the rotation of the rolling bearing and the elastic element below the bearing reduce the impact force during the falling process of the battery pack and increase the guide speed.
  • the rolling bearings are all retracted into the third frame, ensuring the normal battery replacement process and reducing the impact force between the battery pack and the guide column.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a guide column proposed by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 is a front view of the guide column proposed by the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the bearing assembly proposed by the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the rolling bearing and the bearing rod proposed by the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the guide surface of the guide column proposed by the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the first panel proposed by the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 7 is a side view of the second panel proposed by the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 8 is a front view of the second panel proposed by the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of a guide column in the related art.
  • the guide column of the embodiment of the present disclosure mainly includes: a guide surface 1, a bearing assembly 17 and a first panel 5.
  • the guide surface 1 is an inclined surface, and the bottom of the guide surface 1 is a hollow structure.
  • the first frame 2 is fixedly arranged around the edges of the guide surface 1 . Specifically, the first frame 2 is welded and fixed around the guide surface 1 to form the frame of the guide surface 1 . In some embodiments, the first frame 2 is a steel plate frame. It can be understood that the first frame 2 can also be made of other suitable materials.
  • a plurality of first through holes 7 are provided on the first frame 2 . That is, a plurality of first through holes 7 are distributed on the first frame 2, and the first panel 5 and the bearing assembly 17 are fixedly connected through the through holes.
  • the first panel 5 is fixedly disposed above the guide surface 1 , and the fourth through hole 10 is provided on the first panel 5 . It can be understood that the size of the first panel 5 is consistent with the size of the guide surface 1 .
  • the fourth through hole 10 is used to allow the rolling bearing 12 of the bearing assembly 17 to pass. Specifically, the outer bearing of the rolling bearing 12 passes through the fourth through hole 10 and is exposed on the first panel 5 . It can be understood that the fourth through hole 10 corresponds to the rolling bearing 12 one-to-one.
  • a plurality of third through holes 9 are provided on the first panel 5 .
  • the third through hole 9 on the first panel 5 cooperates with the first through hole 7 on the first frame 2 . That is, the opening positions and numbers of the third through holes 9 on the first panel 5 and the first through holes 7 on the first frame 2 are the same.
  • the third through hole 9 on the first panel 5 is a through hole that is large on the outside and small on the inside, so that when bolts 15 are used to securely connect the first panel 5 to the first frame 2 , the bolts 15 tighten the rear bolts.
  • the cap is not higher than the surface of the first panel 5 to avoid damage to the bolts 15 during work. It can be understood that the side of the first panel 5 facing the guide surface is the inner side, and the side of the first panel 5 away from the guide surface is the outside.
  • the first panel 5 is made of composite wear-resistant material.
  • the bearing assembly 17 is disposed in a hollow portion below the guide surface 1 .
  • the bearing assembly 17 includes a second frame 3 , a third frame 4 , a bearing rod 13 , a positioning groove 14 , an elastic element 15 and several rolling bearings 12 .
  • the third frame 4 is the assembly frame of the bearing assembly 17.
  • the bearing rod 13, the positioning groove 14, the elastic element 15 and several rolling bearings 12 are accommodated in the third frame 4.
  • the second frame 3 is fixedly arranged on the third frame. 4 outer rings. It can be understood that the size of the inner area enclosed by the third frame 4 and the first frame 2 is consistent. Specifically, the inner area enclosed by the first frame 2 is the same.
  • the outer size of the third frame 4 is the same as the inner area enclosed by the first frame 2. The dimensions are the same, so that the third frame 4 can be arranged below the first frame 2 .
  • the third frame 4 is a steel plate frame. It can be understood that the third frame 4 can also be made of other suitable materials.
  • the outer ring of the third frame 4 is welded with the second frame 3 , and the size of the second frame 3 is consistent with the size of the first frame 2 .
  • a plurality of second through holes 8 are provided on the second frame 3 .
  • the opening position and number of the second through holes 8 on the second frame 3 are consistent with those of the first through holes 7 on the first frame 2 . That is, the first through hole 7 on the first frame 2 , the second through hole 8 on the second frame 3 , and the third through hole 9 on the first panel 5 cooperate with each other, so that the bearing assembly 17 and the first panel 5 , the first frame 2 is connected.
  • the second frame 3 is a steel plate frame. It can be understood that the second frame 3 can also be made of other suitable materials.
  • bearing assembly 17 and the first panel 5 are detachably fixed on the first frame 2, so that when the bearing assembly 17 or the first panel 5 needs to be replaced, only the damaged corresponding components need to be disassembled. , shortening maintenance time and improving work efficiency.
  • the rolling bearing 12 is arranged within the third frame 4 via the bearing rod 13 .
  • the inner bearing of the rolling bearing 12 is fixedly connected to the bearing rod 13 , thereby fixing the rolling bearing 12 on the bearing rod 13 .
  • the rolling bearing 12 is fixedly arranged on the bearing rod 13 through the inner bearing, and the outer bearing of the rolling bearing 12 is exposed on the first panel 5 .
  • the rolling bearing 12 can be a deep groove ball bearing or other suitable bearing.
  • the number of rolling bearings 12 is set according to actual needs.
  • concentric large-head cylindrical structures or coaxial small bearing structures are provided at both ends of the bearing rod 13 . It can be understood that during use, both ends of the bearing rod 13 are placed in the positioning grooves 14. The design of the positioning grooves 14 prevents the bearing from decoupling during operation.
  • the positioning groove 14 is symmetrically and fixedly provided on the inner wall of the third frame 4 , and the positioning groove 14 is used to limit the position of the bearing rod 13 .
  • the positioning grooves 14 are welded to the inner wall of the third frame 4, and the number of the positioning grooves 14 is arranged according to actual needs.
  • the elastic element 15 is disposed in the positioning groove 14 , and the elastic element 15 is selected according to the load-bearing capacity of the rolling bearing 12 . During installation, first place the elastic element 15 in the positioning groove 14, and then place both ends of the bearing rod 13 in the positioning groove 14.
  • elastic element 15 is a spring.
  • the battery pack guide system in the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a guide column, a battery pack bracket and a battery pack frame.
  • the guide column is the guide column described above;
  • the battery pack bracket is a support structure for the battery pack to fall on the vehicle, and a support mechanism for fixing the battery pack.
  • a buffer rubber pad is provided on the battery pack bracket.
  • the buffer pad is used to cushion the battery pack when it falls and prevent violent collision between the battery pack and the battery pack bracket.
  • the guide posts are fixed in pairs on the battery pack holder. When the battery pack is dropped onto the vehicle battery pack holder, the guide posts in pairs guide the battery pack so that the battery pack accurately falls on the battery pack holder according to the designed position. device on the rack.
  • the second panel 6 is provided at the contact location between the battery pack frame and the first panel 5 .
  • the second panel 6 is provided with a plurality of fifth through holes 11 that are large on the outside and small on the inside.
  • the second panel 6 is fixed to the battery pack frame through the fifth through holes 11 .
  • the side of the second panel 6 facing the battery pack frame is the inner side
  • the side of the second panel 6 away from the battery pack frame is the outer side.
  • a hole matching the fifth through hole 11 is provided on the battery pack frame, and the second panel 6 is fixed to the battery pack frame through bolts. After the bolts are tightened, the nut is not higher than the surface of the second panel 6 .
  • the thickness of the second panel 6 is smaller than the thickness of the cushioning rubber pad to prevent the cushioning rubber pad from failing.
  • one end of the second panel 6 has a bevel. That is to say, one end of the second panel 6 is designed as a slope to better fit the guide surface when the battery pack is dropped.
  • the second panel 6 is a composite wear-resistant material.
  • the battery pack guide system is used in hoisted battery swapping vehicles.
  • the hoisted battery-swapping vehicle is driven by pure electric power, and the battery pack is of the back-type type.
  • the battery-swapping vehicle drives into the battery-swapping station, and the battery-swapping station control system sends battery-swapping system instructions.
  • the battery-swapping robot moves to replace the battery pack in a hoisting manner. Complete the vehicle with continuous endurance.
  • the battery pack is in contact with the guide column.
  • the rotation of the rolling bearing 12 and the elastic element 15 below the bearing reduce the impact force during the falling process of the battery pack and increase the guide speed.
  • the second panel 6 on the battery pack frame presses down the rolling bearing 12, and the elastic element 15 contracts until the second panel 6 and the first panel 5 fit.
  • the rolling bearings 12 are all retracted into the third frame 4, ensuring the normal progress of the battery replacement process and reducing the impact force between the battery pack and the guide column.
  • the friction force between the first panel 5 and the second panel 6 is reduced due to the elastic force of the elastic element 15 and the rotation of the rolling bearing 12.
  • the friction force between the first panel 5 and the second panel 6 is less than
  • the friction force of rigid contact not only protects the battery pack frame, but also protects the guide surface of the guide column, eliminating the risk of structural damage during subsequent operation of the battery pack.
  • the design of the first panel 5 and the second panel 6 reduces the structural damage caused by the rigid contact between the battery pack and the guide column, thereby ensuring the structural safety of the battery pack frame and the guide column.
  • first panel 5, the second panel 6 or the bearing assembly 17 is damaged during long-term operation, repair and maintenance can be completed by quickly replacing parts, which reduces the difficulty of repair, greatly shortens the repair time, and ensures the operating efficiency of the vehicle. Due to the high degree of standardization of this invention and its low price, certain spare parts can be prepared.
  • references to the terms “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “an example,” “specific examples,” or “some examples” or the like means that specific features are described in connection with the embodiment or example.
  • structures, materials, or features are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure.
  • the schematic expressions of the above terms may be directed to different embodiments or examples.
  • the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
  • those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification unless they are inconsistent with each other.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, the characteristics limited to “first” and “second” can be expressly stated or implicitly includes at least one such feature.
  • “plurality” means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

一种导向柱及具有其的电池包导向系统，导向柱包括：下方具有中空部位的导向面（1），导向面为斜面，导向面四周边缘固定设置第一框架（2）；设置在导向面下方中空部位的轴承组件（17），轴承组件包括第二框架（3）和若干个滚动轴承（12）；设置在导向面上方的第一面板（5），第一面板上设置使滚动轴承通过的第四通孔（10），滚动轴承的外轴承外露于第一面板，第一框架、第二框架与第一面板固定连接。该导向柱增加了导向速度，减小了电池包与导向柱的冲击力。

Description

一种导向柱及具有其的电池包导向系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2022年04月07日在中国提交的中国专利申请号2022103640127的优先权，其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及新能源汽车技术领域，具体涉及一种导向柱及具有其的电池包导向系统。
背景技术
新能源电动汽车能源补充分为插充和换电两种模式。插充模式存在购买电池初期成本高、充电时间长以及充电安全性低的问题。换电模式配合大规模集中型充电成为具备竞争力的技术模式。根据车辆类型的不同，一般可更换电池包安装的位置有底盘下方、车架侧方、车架后方和车架上方。安装在车架上方的电池包一般采用吊装式换电。
吊装式换电机构进行换电时，因换电机构为柔性换电，电池包下落时会产生一定晃度，在下落到电池包托架上的过程中需通过一、二、三级导向柱导向，使得电池包准确无误的落在电池包托架上以完成整体换电。换电时，电池包就位前先经过一级导向柱，通过一级导向柱把晃度较大的电池包晃动量限制在较小的晃度范围内，使晃度值满足二级导向柱导向能力要求。
现有一级导向柱为具有上部导向面和下部导向柱的一体结构，采用高强钢制造，一般直接焊接在电池包托架上，与电池包托架形成整体结构，如图9所示。一级导向柱和电池包框架均为高强钢制造，在车辆换电时，电池包下落过程中产生一定的晃度，电池包接触到一级导向柱时，通过一级导向柱导向将电池包晃度控制在一定范围内，电池包在与一级导向柱接触过程中会对一级导向柱导向面产生冲击力，接触后导向过程中电池包与一级导向柱会产生较大的摩擦力。换电过程中这种冲击力及摩擦力会对一级导向柱造成形变和摩擦损坏，严重时会直接影响到换电；同时还会对电池包框架造成同样的损坏。另外，对矿区矿卡及长途重卡进行换电时，由于矿区矿卡及长途重卡具有工作时间连续，工作路况差，作业强度高的特点，一级导向柱的损坏部位可能因震动产生撕裂破坏结构，增加了换电失败及电池包的安全隐患。由于一级导向柱固定焊接在电池包托架上，更换损坏的一级导向柱时需将电池包托架拆下进行切割更换，维修时间长，维修工艺复杂，维修成本高，严重影响车辆运营效率。
发明内容
针对上述技术存在的现有一级导向柱在换电时易造成损坏且不易更换的技术问题，本公开的实施例提出了一种导向柱及具有其的电池包导向系统。
一方面，本公开的实施例提出了一种导向柱，包括：
下方具有中空部位的导向面，所述导向面为斜面，所述导向面四周边缘固定设置第一框架；
设置在所述导向面下方中空部位的轴承组件，所述轴承组件包括第二框架和若干个滚动轴承；
设置在所述导向面上方的第一面板，所述第一面板上设置使所述滚动轴承通过的第四通孔，所述滚动轴承的外轴承外露于所述第一面板，所述第一框架、所述第二框架与所述第一面板固定连接。
在一些实施例中，所述第一框架上设置多个第一通孔，所述第二框架上设置多个第二通孔，所述第一面板上设置多个外大内小的第三通孔，所述第一通孔、所述第二通孔与所述第三通孔相互配合。
在一些实施例中，所述轴承组件包括还包括：
第三框架，所述第三框架与所述第一框架围成的内部区域大小一致，所述第二框架固定设置在所述第三框架外圈；
轴承杆，所述轴承杆与所述滚动轴承的内轴承固定连接；
对称固定设置在所述第三框架内壁的定位槽，所述定位槽用于对所述轴承杆限位；
弹性元件，所述弹性元件设置在所述定位槽内，根据所述滚动轴承的承载力选择所述弹性元件。
在一些实施例中，所述轴承杆两端设置同心的大头圆柱结构或同轴的小轴承结构。
在一些实施例中，所述弹性元件为弹簧，所述滚动轴承为深沟球轴承。
在一些实施例中，所述第一框架、所述第二框架、所述第三框架均为钢板框架。
另一方面，本公开的实施例提出了一种电池包导向系统，该电池包导向系统包括导向柱，还包括：
电池包托架，所述导向柱本体成对固定设置在所述电池包托架上，所述电池包托架上设置缓冲胶垫；
电池包框架，所述电池包框架与所述第一面板接触部位设置第二面板。
在一些实施例中，所述第二面板的一端具有斜面。
在一些实施例中，所述第二面板上设置多个外大内小的第五通孔，通过所述第五通孔将所述第二面板固定在所述电池包框架上。
在一些实施例中，所述第一面板与所述第二面板均为复合耐磨材料。
相对于相关技术，本公开实施例提供的有益效果为：
根据本公开实施例，导向柱的第一面板、轴承组件与导向面的框架可拆卸连接，可通过快速更换零部件完成维修保养，减小了维修难度，大大缩短了维修时间，保证了工作效率。
根据本公开的实施例，通过弹性元件的弹力和滚动轴承的转动减小了第一面板与第二面板之间的摩擦力，另外第一面板与第二面板之间的摩擦力小于刚性接触的摩擦力，在保护电池包框架的同时也保护了导向柱的导向面，消除了电池包后续运行过程中结构损坏的风险。
根据本公开的实施例，换电时电池包与导向柱接触，导向过程中通过滚动轴承的转动及轴承下方的弹性元件降低了电池包下落过程中的冲击力，增加了导向速度，当第一面板与第二面板接触时，滚动轴承全部缩回第三框架内，保证了换电过程的正常进行，减小了电池包与导向柱的冲击力。
附图说明
本公开上述的和/或附加的方面和优点从下面结合附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1为本公开实施例提出的导向柱剖面图；
图2为本公开实施例提出的导向柱正视图；
图3为本公开实施例提出的轴承组件的结构示意图；
图4为本公开实施例提出的滚动轴承与轴承杆的连接结构示意图；
图5为本公开实施例提出的导向柱的导向面的结构示意图；
图6为本公开实施例提出的第一面板的结构示意图；
图7为本公开实施例提出的第二面板侧视图；
图8为本公开实施例提出的第二面板正视图；
图9为相关技术中导向柱剖面图。
附图标记说明：
导向面1、第一框架2、第二框架3、第三框架4、第一面板5、第二面板6、第一通孔7、第二通孔8、第三通孔9、第四通孔10、第五通孔11、滚动轴承12、轴承杆13、定位槽14、弹性元件15、螺栓16、轴承组件17。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本公开的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本公开，而不能理解为对本公开的限制。
下面参照附图描述根据本公开实施例提出的导向柱及具有其的电池包导向系统。
如图1-8所示，本公开实施例的导向柱，主要包括：导向面1、轴承组件17和第一面板5。
在一些实施例中，导向面1为斜面，导向面1的下方为中空结构。
在一些实施例中，导向面1四周边缘固定设置第一框架2。具体为，第一框架2焊接固定在导向面1的四周，形成导向面1的框架。在一些实施例中，第一框架2为钢板框架。可以理解的是，第一框架2还可以为其他合适材质。
在一些实施例中，第一框架2上设置多个第一通孔7。即，在第一框架2上分布多个第一通孔7，通过该通孔将第一面板5和轴承组件17固定连接。
在一些实施例中，第一面板5固定设置在导向面1的上方，第一面板5上设置第四通孔10。可以理解的是，第一面板5的大小与导向面1的大小一致。第四通孔10用于使轴承组件17的滚动轴承12通过。具体为，滚动轴承12的外轴承穿过第四通孔10，外露于第一面板5。可以理解的是，第四通孔10与滚动轴承12一一对应。
在一些实施例中，第一面板5上设置多个第三通孔9。第一面板5上的第三通孔9与第一框架2上的第一通孔7配合。即，第一面板5上的第三通孔9与第一框架2上的第一通孔7的开孔位置、开孔数量相同。
在一些实施例中，第一面板5上的第三通孔9为外大内小的通孔，使得当使用螺栓15将第一面板5与第一框架2固定连接时，螺栓15拧紧后螺栓帽不高于第一面板5表面，避免了在工作过程中螺栓15的损坏。可以理解的是，第一面板5朝向导向面的一面为内面，第一面板5远离导向面的一面为外面。
在一些实施例中，第一面板5上为复合耐磨材料。
在一些实施例中，轴承组件17设置在导向面1下方的中空部位，轴承组件17包括第二框架3、第三框架4、轴承杆13、定位槽14、弹性元件15和若干个滚动轴承12。
其中，第三框架4为轴承组件17的总成框架，轴承杆13、定位槽14、弹性元件15和若干个滚动轴承12容置在第三框架4内，第二框架3固定设置在第三框架4外圈。可以理解的是，第三框架4与第一框架2围成的内部区域大小一致，具体为第一框架2围成内部区域，第三框架4的外部尺寸与第一框架2围成的内部区域尺寸大小相同，使得第三框架4可以设置在第一框架2下方。在一些实施例中，第三框架4为钢板框架。可以理解的是，第三框架4还可以为其他合适材质。
第三框架4外圈焊接第二框架3，第二框架3的尺寸与第一框架2的尺寸一致。第二框架3上设置多个第二通孔8。第二框架3上的第二通孔8的开孔位置、开孔数量与第一框架2上的第一通孔7保持一致。即，第一框架2上的第一通孔7、第二框架3上的第二通孔8、第一面板5上的第三通孔9相互配合，从而将轴承组件17、第一面板5、第一框架2连接起来。在一些实施例中，第二框架3为钢板框架。可以理解的是，第二框架3还可以为其他合适材质。可以理解的是，轴承组件17和第一面板5是可拆卸固定在第一框架2上的，这样设计使得当需要更换轴承组件17或第一面板5时，只需要拆卸损坏的相应组件即可，缩短了维修时间，提高了工作效率。
在一些实施例中，滚动轴承12通过轴承杆13设置在第三框架4内。具体为，滚动轴承12的内轴承与轴承杆13固定连接，从而将滚动轴承12固定在轴承杆13上。至此可知，滚动轴承12通过内轴承固定设置在轴承杆13上，滚动轴承12的外轴承外露于第一面板5。可以理解的时，滚动轴承12可以为深沟球轴承或其他合适的轴承。另外，滚动轴承12的数量根据实际需求设定。
在一些实施例中，轴承杆13的两端设置同心的大头圆柱结构或同轴的小轴承结构。可以理解的是，使用时将轴承杆13的两端放置在定位槽14中，定位槽14的设计防止在工作过程中轴承脱钩。
在一些实施例中，定位槽14对称固定设置在第三框架4内壁，定位槽14用于对轴承杆13限位。具体为，定位槽14焊接在第三框架4内壁，定位槽14的数量根据实际需要布置。
在一些实施例中，弹性元件15设置在定位槽14内，根据滚动轴承12的承载力选择弹性元件15。安装时，先将弹性元件15放置在定位槽14中，再将轴承杆13的两端放置在定位槽14中。
在一些实施例中，弹性元件15为弹簧。
本公开实施例的电池包导向系统，包括导向柱、电池包托架和电池包框架。其中，导向柱为上述描述的导向柱；电池包托架是电池包落在车辆上的支撑结构，对电池包进行固定的支撑机构。
在一些实施例中，电池包托架上设置缓冲胶垫。缓冲胶垫用于在电池包下落对电池包进行缓冲，防止电池包与电池包托架产生剧烈碰撞。
导向柱成对固定设置在电池包托架上，电池包在下落到车辆电池包托架上时，成对设置的导向柱对电池包进行导向，使电池包按照设计位置准确下落在电池包托架上的装置。
在一些实施例中，电池包框架与第一面板5接触部位设置第二面板6。第二面板6上设置多个外大内小的第五通孔11，通过第五通孔11将第二面板6固定在电池包框架上。可 以理解的是，第二面板6朝向电池包框架的一面为内面，第二面板6远离电池包框架的一面为外面。具体为，电池包框架上设置与第五通孔11配合的孔，通过螺栓将第二面板6固定在电池包框架上，螺栓拧紧后螺帽不高于第二面板6的表面。另外，第二面板6的厚度小于缓冲胶垫的厚度，防止缓冲胶垫失效。
在一些实施例中，第二面板6一端具有斜面。也就是说，第二面板6的一头设计为斜面，以更好的在电池包下落时与导向面贴合。
在一些实施例中，第二面板6为复合耐磨材料。
该电池包导向系统应用于吊装式换电车辆。吊装式换电车辆是以纯电动驱动，电池包采用后背式，换电车辆驶入换电站，由换电站控制系统发送换电系统指令，换电机器人动作以吊装的方式对电池包进行更换，完成持续续航的车辆。
换电时电池包与导向柱接触，导向过程中通过滚动轴承12的转动及轴承下方的弹性元件15降低电池包下落过程中的冲击力，增加导向速度。随着换电的继续进行，电池包继续下落，电池包框架上的第二面板6下压滚动轴承12，弹性元件15收缩直至第二面板6与第一面板5贴合。当第一面板5与第二面板6接触时，滚动轴承12全部缩回至第三框架4内，保证了换电过程的正常进行，减小了电池包与导向柱的冲击力。
换电过程中，由于弹性元件15的弹力和滚动轴承12的转动减小了第一面板5与第二面板6之间的摩擦力，另外第一面板5与第二面板6之间的摩擦力小于刚性接触的摩擦力，所以在保护电池包框架的同时也保护了导向柱的导向面，消除了电池包后续运行过程中结构损坏的风险。通过第一面板5与第二面板6的设计减小了电池包与导向柱刚性接触造成的结构损坏，从而保证了电池包框架及导向柱的结构安全。长期运行过程中如果第一面板5、第二面板6或轴承组件17损坏，可通过快速更换零部件完成维修保养，减小了维修难度，大大缩短了维修时间，保证了车辆的运行效率，同时由于该发明标准化程度高，价格低廉，可预备一定的备品备件。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述可以针对不同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示 或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本公开的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
尽管已经示出和描述了本公开的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本公开的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本公开的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种导向柱，其特征在于，包括：
    下方具有中空部位的导向面，所述导向面为斜面，所述导向面四周边缘固定设置第一框架；
    设置在所述导向面下方中空部位的轴承组件，所述轴承组件包括第二框架和若干个滚动轴承；
    设置在所述导向面上方的第一面板，所述第一面板上设置使所述滚动轴承通过的第四通孔，所述滚动轴承的外轴承外露于所述第一面板，所述第一框架、所述第二框架与所述第一面板固定连接，所述第一框架上设置多个第一通孔，所述第二框架上设置多个第二通孔，所述第一面板上设置多个外大内小的第三通孔，所述第一通孔、所述第二通孔与所述第三通孔相互配合。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的导向柱，其特征在于，所述轴承组件还包括：
    第三框架，所述第三框架与所述第一框架围成的内部区域大小一致，所述第二框架固定设置在所述第三框架外圈；
    轴承杆，所述轴承杆与所述滚动轴承的内轴承固定连接；
    对称固定设置在所述第三框架内壁的定位槽，所述定位槽用于对所述轴承杆限位；
    弹性元件，所述弹性元件设置在所述定位槽内，根据所述滚动轴承的承载力选择所述弹性元件。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的导向柱，其特征在于，所述轴承杆两端设置同心的大头圆柱结构或同轴的小轴承结构。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的导向柱，其特征在于，所述弹性元件为弹簧。
  5. 如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的导向柱，其特征在于，所述滚动轴承为深沟球轴承。
  6. 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的导向柱，其特征在于，所述第一框架、所述第二框架、所述第三框架均为钢板框架。
  7. 一种电池包导向系统，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至6中任一所述的导向柱，还包括：
    电池包托架，所述导向柱成对固定设置在所述电池包托架上，所述电池包托架上设置缓冲胶垫；
    电池包框架，所述电池包框架与所述第一面板接触部位设置第二面板。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电池包导向系统，其特征在于，所述第二面板的一端具有斜面。
  9. 如权利要求7或8所述的电池包导向系统，其特征在于，所述第二面板上设置多个外大内小的第五通孔，通过所述第五通孔将所述第二面板固定在所述电池包框架上。
  10. 如权利要求7至9中任一项所述的电池包导向系统，其特征在于，所述第一面板与所述第二面板均为复合耐磨材料。
PCT/CN2023/073518 2022-04-07 2023-01-28 一种导向柱及具有其的电池包导向系统 WO2023193510A1 (zh)

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