WO2023188433A1 - 加工面品位シミュレーション装置および加工面品位表示方法 - Google Patents

加工面品位シミュレーション装置および加工面品位表示方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023188433A1
WO2023188433A1 PCT/JP2022/017003 JP2022017003W WO2023188433A1 WO 2023188433 A1 WO2023188433 A1 WO 2023188433A1 JP 2022017003 W JP2022017003 W JP 2022017003W WO 2023188433 A1 WO2023188433 A1 WO 2023188433A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
machining
machined surface
shape
machining error
surface quality
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Ceased
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PCT/JP2022/017003
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
智哉 藤田
浩希 植村
淳二 松野
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Electric Corp filed Critical Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority to PCT/JP2022/017003 priority Critical patent/WO2023188433A1/ja
Priority to JP2022552278A priority patent/JP7175433B1/ja
Priority to CN202280071841.4A priority patent/CN118159921B/zh
Priority to DE112022004902.2T priority patent/DE112022004902T5/de
Publication of WO2023188433A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023188433A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form
    • G05B19/406—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form characterised by monitoring or safety
    • G05B19/4069—Simulating machining process on screen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
    • G05B2219/35287—Verify, check program by drawing, display part, testpiece
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
    • G05B2219/35292—By making, plotting a drawing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
    • G05B2219/35318—3-D display of workpiece, workspace, tool track
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a machined surface quality simulation device and a machined surface quality display method that simulate the appearance characteristics of a machined surface of a workpiece.
  • a machine tool is a mechanical device that drives an axis according to a machining program to machine a workpiece of a desired shape.
  • a technology to achieve high-precision machining there is a technology that uses simulation to predict the occurrence of machining errors before machining, or a technology that detects the occurrence of machining errors by monitoring data output by machine tools during machining. The technology is known.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a three-dimensional shape simulation in which the volume of the part removed from the workpiece by the tool in each calculation step is calculated from the locus that the tool passes, and the shape after machining is predicted. By using the technique of Patent Document 1, if the locus that the tool passes is known, an accurate machining shape can be predicted.
  • Patent Document 1 a large amount of computational resources are required to realize a highly accurate simulation of a three-dimensional shape, and there is a problem that it takes time to predict the shape after processing. .
  • the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1 can accurately predict the shape after processing, it does not simulate the appearance of the external appearance. It is not possible to confirm any changes in the
  • the present disclosure has been made in view of the above, and aims to provide a machined surface quality simulation device that can predict the appearance characteristics of a machined surface through simple calculations.
  • a machined surface quality simulation device calculates the appearance of a machined surface of a workpiece machined by a machine tool that drives an axis according to a machining program. This is a machined surface quality simulation device that simulates the characteristics.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device determines whether or not a preset machining error that characterizes the appearance occurs based on axis data that is data about the movement of the axis. an occurrence determination section, a machining surface shape calculation section that calculates the machining error shape caused by the machining error based on the machining conditions and axis position when the machine tool processes the workpiece;
  • a drawing section for drawing is
  • the machined surface quality simulation device has the effect of being able to predict the appearance characteristics of a machined surface through simple calculations.
  • a diagram for explaining an example of the mechanism of machining error in Embodiment 1 A diagram for explaining an example of a mode of machining error in Embodiment 1
  • Block diagram showing the configuration of a machined surface quality simulation device according to the first embodiment Flowchart showing the procedure of machined surface quality simulation by the machined surface quality simulation device according to the first embodiment
  • a diagram showing a first example of a machining path in Embodiment 1 A diagram showing an example of an acceleration waveform during processing in Embodiment 1
  • a diagram showing an example of an error trajectory drawn by the machined surface quality simulation device according to the first embodiment A diagram showing an example of a tool and a machining error shape in Embodiment 1 A diagram for explaining the deformation of the mechanical structure that lifts the tool in Embodiment 1
  • a diagram showing a second example of an image generated by the machined surface quality simulation device according to the first embodiment A diagram showing a second example of the machining path in Embodiment 1
  • a diagram showing a third example of an image generated by the machined surface quality simulation device according to the first embodiment A diagram showing a configuration example of a control circuit according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 1 A diagram showing a configuration example of a dedicated hardware circuit according to Embodiment 1.
  • Block diagram showing the configuration of a machined surface quality simulation device according to Embodiment 2 Flowchart showing the procedure of machined surface quality simulation by the machined surface quality simulation device according to the second embodiment A diagram showing an example of an image generated by the machined surface quality simulation device according to the second embodiment Block diagram showing the configuration of a machined surface quality simulation device according to Embodiment 3
  • FIG. 3 Flowchart showing the procedure of machined surface quality simulation by the machined surface quality simulation device according to the third embodiment
  • a diagram showing an example of an image generated by the machined surface quality simulation device according to the fourth embodiment Block diagram showing the configuration of a machined surface quality simulation device according to Embodiment 5
  • FIG. 5 Block diagram showing the configuration of a machined surface quality simulation device according to Embodiment
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a numerically controlled machine tool 99 according to the first embodiment.
  • the numerically controlled machine tool 99 is a machine tool that drives axes according to a machining program.
  • the numerically controlled machine tool 99 is an orthogonal three-axis vertical cutting machine.
  • the numerically controlled machine tool 99 includes an X-axis drive unit 93X that drives the X-axis, a V-axis drive unit 93V that drives the V-axis, a Y-axis drive unit 93Y that drives the Y-axis, and a Z-axis drive unit that drives the Z-axis. It has a drive section 93Z and a main shaft 83.
  • the numerically controlled machine tool 99 is a tandem drive machine tool and has a structure called a gantry structure.
  • the X-axis drive section 93X and the V-axis drive section 93V drive the Y-axis drive section 93Y in the X direction.
  • the Y-axis drive section 93Y drives the Z-axis drive section 93Z in the Y direction.
  • the Z-axis drive section 93Z drives the main shaft 83 in the Z direction.
  • the main shaft 83 rotates the tool 76.
  • a workpiece 78 to be processed is placed on a work table 77.
  • the numerically controlled machine tool 99 processes a workpiece 78 by rotating the tool 76 while moving the main shaft 83 using an X-axis drive section 93X, a V-axis drive section 93V, a Y-axis drive section 93Y, and a Z-axis drive section 93Z. do.
  • the work performed by the numerically controlled machine tool 99 is to drive each axis according to the machining program and realize the machined shape of the workpiece 78 by cutting.
  • the success or failure of the work of the numerically controlled machine tool 99 depends on whether the machined shape of the workpiece 78 achieves a predetermined standard, specifically, whether it achieves the shape accuracy and surface accuracy as designed in advance. It will be judged.
  • the rotational motion of the motor 71 which is an actuator, is converted by the feed screw 73 into linear motion in the driving direction of each axis.
  • the shaft since the rotational movement is supported by the guide mechanism 72, the shaft has a degree of freedom only in the feeding direction of the feed screw 73.
  • the movement of the tool 76 in the three-dimensional space of XYZ that is, the movement of the tool 76 with three degrees of freedom, is realized by combining the linear movements of the respective axes.
  • the numerically controlled machine tool 99 creates a three-dimensional machined shape of the workpiece 78 by rotating the tool 76 using the spindle 83 and removing material from the portion of the workpiece 78 that interferes with the tool 76 .
  • the X-axis drive section 93X V-axis drive section 93V, Y-axis drive section 93Y, and Z-axis drive section 93Z that constitute the numerically controlled machine tool 99 will be explained.
  • the X-axis drive section 93X will be explained as an example, but the contents explained about the X-axis drive section 93X are the same for each of the V-axis drive section 93V, the Y-axis drive section 93Y, and the Z-axis drive section 93Z. shall be taken as a thing.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining the configuration of the X-axis drive section 93X that constitutes the numerically controlled machine tool 99 according to the first embodiment.
  • the numerically controlled machine tool 99 includes a command value calculation section 9, a servo control section 6a, and a mechanical device section 96.
  • the mechanical device section 96 has a drive mechanism 97 and a mechanical structure 98.
  • the command value calculation section 9, the servo control section 6a, and the drive mechanism 97 constitute an X-axis drive section 93X.
  • the drive mechanism 97 plays the role of converting the rotational motion of the X-axis motor 71 into linear motion and the role of supporting the configuration for such conversion.
  • the rotational motion of the motor 71 is transmitted to the feed screw 73 via the coupling 74, and converted to linear motion via the nut 80 and the speed reducer 79.
  • the linear motion of the feed screw 73 is restrained by support bearings 75a and 75b.
  • the linear movement of the nut 80 drives the tool 76 in the X direction together with the support 90 that supports the X axis.
  • the support body 90 is a general term for the Z axis interposed between the tool 76 and the nut 80 and the structure for support.
  • the extent of the mechanical structure 98 varies from axis to axis.
  • the Z-axis drive mechanism 97 is included in the X-axis mechanical structure 98 because it has no role in converting the motion of the X-axis motor 71 when viewed from the X-axis.
  • the X-axis position command Xc is output from the command value calculation unit 9 and input to the servo control unit 6a.
  • the position command Xc indicates the position calculated by the command value calculation unit 9 according to the machining program, and indicates the position of the driven body in a desired control state.
  • the servo control unit 6a performs feedback control so that the error between the detected position Xd and the position command Xc is reduced, and outputs a motor current Ix to the motor 71 to drive the drive mechanism 97.
  • the detected position Xd is obtained by multiplying the rotation angle of the motor 71 detected by the rotation angle detector 2 attached to the motor 71 by the thread pitch of the feed screw 73.
  • a mechanical structure 98 including a tool 76 to be controlled is connected to the drive mechanism 97.
  • the servo control unit 6a performs control to match the detected position Xd with the position indicated by the position command Xc by feedback control. However, even if feedback control is performed, an error will occur between the tip position of the tool 76 and the machining point of the workpiece 78 during machining, resulting in uncut or overcut material on the workpiece 78. Processing errors may occur.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of the mechanism of processing errors in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 shows machining errors that are caused by deformation of the support body 90 due to the movement of the X-axis drive unit 93X, and that cannot be handled by feedback control.
  • the driving force of the motor 71 is transmitted to the support body 90 via the feed screw 73. If the rigidity of the support body 90 is not sufficient, the drive force of the motor 71 is transmitted to the support body 90, thereby deforming the support body 90. This deformation causes the tool 76 to be displaced in the Z direction.
  • the rotation angle detector 2 of the X-axis drive section 93X can detect errors of the X-axis drive section 93X occurring in the X direction, but cannot detect errors occurring in the Z direction. Furthermore, since this deformation occurs outside the Z-axis drive section 93Z, it cannot be detected by the rotation angle detector 2 of the X-axis drive section 93X.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an example of the form of processing errors in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example in which the above-mentioned deformation occurs when a cylindrical tool 76 called a straight end mill is used to perform machining at a constant speed while the axis moves in the X direction.
  • the direction of movement 21 of the tool 76 is the X direction.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a machining error shape that occurs when the X-axis is decelerated near the center in the X direction, as viewed from the Z direction.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows changes in the posture of the mechanical structure 98 while moving the axis in the X direction.
  • the tool 76 decelerates near the center of the distance traveled by the tool 76 in the movement direction 21. Near the center, the tool 76 sinks into the workpiece 78 due to the attitude change of the mechanical structure 98, thereby removing more material from the surface of the workpiece 78 than necessary. Therefore, a circular machining mark having the same diameter as the outer shape of the tool 76 is left on the surface of the workpiece 78. In this way, the machining error shape that characterizes the appearance of the machining surface occurs on the machining surface of the workpiece 78.
  • the machining error shape is the shape that occurs on the machined surface due to machining errors.
  • the machining error shape 20 illustrated in the first embodiment is a stamp mark shape caused by the tool 76 sinking into the workpiece 78 during acceleration or deceleration of the shaft.
  • the machining error shape 20 is not a perfect circle because the tool 76 moves in the X direction while rotating, it is assumed here that the machining error shape 20 is a circle.
  • the quality of the machined surface as seen by the human eye may be judged to be insufficient, and it may be considered a processing defect. If a defect in the machined surface quality occurs, it is not preferable because the machining must be redone and the defective workpiece 78 must be discarded. Examples of such machining errors that characterize the appearance of the machined surface include striped patterns caused by vibrations of the mechanical structure 98 or streaked patterns caused by quadrant protrusions caused by friction.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the machined surface quality simulation device 1a according to the first embodiment.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1a performs a machined surface quality simulation that simulates the appearance characteristics of a machined surface of a workpiece 78 machined by a machine tool.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1a simulates a machining error shape that is a characteristic of the appearance of a machined surface caused by a machining error.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1a predicts the machined surface quality by performing a machined surface quality simulation.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1a includes a processing error occurrence determination unit 11a that determines whether or not a processing error occurs, a processing surface shape calculation unit 12a that calculates the shape of the processing error, and a drawing of the calculated shape of the processing error. It has a drawing section 13a.
  • Axis data for each axis of the numerically controlled machine tool 99 is input to the machining error occurrence determination section 11a.
  • the axis data is data about the motion of the axis, and is a combination of one or more of position feedback, velocity feedback, acceleration feedback, position command, velocity command, and acceleration command, or all of them.
  • the machining error occurrence determination unit 11a determines whether or not a preset error occurs as an error caused by the movement of the axis, based on the axis data.
  • the machining error occurrence determination unit 11a determines whether or not each machining error that characterizes the appearance of the machined surface has occurred.
  • the machining error occurrence determination unit 11a outputs position feedback and determination results to the machined surface shape calculation unit 12a.
  • the machining surface shape calculation unit 12a calculates the machining error shape caused by the machining error and the position where the machining error shape occurs from the position feedback of each axis and the machining condition information.
  • the machining condition information is information on machining conditions when the numerically controlled machine tool 99 processes the workpiece 78.
  • the drawing unit 13a generates an image showing a state in which the machining error shape calculated by the machined surface shape calculation unit 12a is formed at the position calculated by the machined surface shape calculation unit 12a.
  • the drawing unit 13a generates an image that simulates the machined surface quality when the workpiece 78 is viewed from the designated viewing direction.
  • the drawing unit 13a outputs the generated image.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the procedure of machined surface quality simulation by the machined surface quality simulation apparatus 1a according to the first embodiment.
  • step S1 the machined surface quality simulation device 1a initializes time data.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1a initializes the time t used for calculation.
  • step S2 the machined surface quality simulation device 1a updates the calculation step.
  • a calculation step is a time interval in which a calculation is performed.
  • step S3 the machined surface quality simulation device 1a acquires axis data.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1a provides position feedback, speed feedback, acceleration feedback, position command, speed command, and Obtain six state quantities that are acceleration commands.
  • step S4 the machined surface quality simulation device 1a determines whether a preset machining error has occurred.
  • the machining error occurrence determination unit 11a determines the occurrence of an error for each preset machining error that characterizes the appearance of the surface of the workpiece 78.
  • the errors characterizing the appearance include an X-direction error, which is a machining error caused by the tool 76 sinking into the surface of the workpiece 78 due to deformation of the mechanical structure 98 in the X-direction, and an error in the Y-direction of the mechanical structure 98.
  • a Y-direction error which is a machining error caused by the tool 76 sinking into the surface of the workpiece 78 due to the deformation of the workpiece 78.
  • the machining error occurrence determination unit 11a determines whether or not each of the X-direction error and the Y-direction error occurs. A method for determining whether an error has occurred will be described later.
  • step S4 If it is determined that none of the preset machining errors occurs (step S4, No), the machined surface quality simulation device 1a returns the procedure to step S2. On the other hand, if it is determined that at least one of the preset machining errors occurs (step S4, Yes), the machined surface quality simulation device 1a advances the procedure to step S5.
  • step S5 the machined surface quality simulation device 1a calculates a machining error shape in the machined surface shape calculation section 12a.
  • the machining surface shape calculation unit 12a calculates the machining error shape based on the position feedback about the axis at the time set in step S2. At this time, the machining surface shape calculation unit 12a calculates the machining error shape using the machining condition information. That is, the machined surface shape calculation unit 12a calculates the shape of a machining error caused by a machining error based on machining condition information and position feedback that is information indicating the position of the axis. A method of calculating the machining error shape will be described later.
  • the machined surface shape calculation section 12a outputs the calculation result of the shape of machining error to the drawing section 13a. Further, the machined surface shape calculation unit 12a calculates the position of the machining error shape, and outputs position information as a calculation result to the drawing unit 13a.
  • step S6 the machined surface quality simulation device 1a calculates image data showing the appearance of the machining error shape.
  • the drawing unit 13a draws the machining error shape calculated in step S5 by calculating the image data.
  • Image data representing the appearance of the machined surface when viewed from an angle desired by the operator of the machined surface quality simulation device 1a is calculated.
  • the angle indicating the viewing direction is set in advance by inputting parameters and the like by the operator. Alternatively, the angle indicating the viewing direction is specified by the operator operating the screen using a mouse or the like while looking at the screen.
  • step S7 the machined surface quality simulation device 1a determines whether the machining has been completed. If the machining is not completed (step S7, No), the machined surface quality simulation device 1a returns the procedure to step S2. On the other hand, if the machining is completed (step S7, Yes), the machined surface quality simulation device 1a ends the operation according to the procedure shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a first example of a machining path in the first embodiment.
  • the machining path is indicated by a broken line arrow.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of a machining path when the tool 76 processes one surface of a workpiece 78. In this machining, the tool 76 is not moved in the Z direction, but is moved within the XY plane. Assume that the tool 76 is a straight end mill.
  • the tool 76 starts moving from a machining start position P1 outside the workpiece 78, and moves counterclockwise along a spiral machining path from the outer periphery of the workpiece 78 to the center of the workpiece 78.
  • the surface of the workpiece 78 is machined while moving within the XY plane.
  • the tool 76 processes the surface of the workpiece 78 until it reaches a process end position P2 near the center of the workpiece 78 on the XY plane.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of an acceleration waveform during processing in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 shows waveforms of acceleration on each of the X-axis and Y-axis when the tool 76 is moved along the machining path shown in FIG. 7.
  • the movement in the X direction is caused by the synchronous movement of the X and V axes, which are tandem axes.
  • the master axis and the slave axis move almost in the same way, so whether or not an error has occurred is determined based on the acceleration of the X axis.
  • the occurrence of an error may be determined on the V-axis independently of the X-axis, or the occurrence of a machining error may be determined based on the V-axis.
  • a threshold Th1 which is a criterion for determining an error due to the deformation of the mechanical structure 98 in the X direction
  • a threshold Th2 which is a criterion for determining an error due to the deformation of the mechanical structure 98 in the Y direction
  • Each of the threshold values Th1 and Th2 is determined by a processing test conducted in advance.
  • the threshold value Th1 the relationship between the X-axis acceleration and the displacement amount in the Z direction can be measured in advance, and an acceleration value that is determined to be a machining defect by a machining test can be used.
  • threshold values Th1 and Th2 a common value may be used for each machine tool, or a different value may be set in advance for each combination of the tool 76 or the workpiece 78.
  • the threshold values Th1 and Th2 may be set to different values for each processing condition information such as the feed amount or feed rate per blade.
  • a threshold value that is a criterion for determining an error may be set for a speed deviation that is a difference between a speed command and a speed feedback. If the value indicating the position exceeds the threshold set for the position and the acceleration exceeds the threshold set for the acceleration, it may be determined that an error has occurred. Alternatively, a threshold value may be set for the result of filtering the acceleration value.
  • the expression for determining the occurrence of an error can be set as appropriate depending on the manner in which the error occurs in the mechanical structure 98.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a first example of an image generated by the machined surface quality simulation device 1a according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example in which a machining error shape 22 on a machining surface is drawn by placing a machining error shape 22, which is a circle with the same diameter as the tool 76, at a position on the XY plane where it is determined that an error has occurred. shows.
  • the machining error that occurred in this example is a machining error characterized by a circular machining error shape 22.
  • the machining error shape 22 is a stamp mark shape caused by the tool 76 sinking into the workpiece 78 during acceleration or deceleration of the shaft.
  • the machining surface shape calculation unit 12a creates a machining error shape 22 with a diameter equal to the diameter of the tool 76 in a range on the workpiece 78 where it is determined that a machining error will occur, so as to simulate the machining error at the position where the machining error occurs. calculate.
  • the machining error shape 22 describes a shape that simulates a machining error in three-dimensional space.
  • the drawing unit 13a draws an image of the machining error shape 22 viewed from an arbitrary angle by calculating image data when the machining error shape 22 is viewed from an arbitrary angle.
  • the drawing unit 13a outputs the drawn image. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the image drawn by the drawing unit 13a is an image on the XY plane, that is, a two-dimensional image.
  • the two-dimensional image shown in FIG. 9 is an image when the workpiece 78 is viewed from the positive direction in the Z direction. Note that, when generating an image of the workpiece 78 viewed from a direction diagonal to the Z direction, for example, from a direction of 45 degrees to the Z direction, the drawing unit 13a performs three-dimensional coordinate transformation, etc. to generate a two-dimensional image.
  • the machining error shape 22 is made into a simple circular shape in order to shorten the calculation time of the machining error shape 22.
  • the machined surface shape calculation unit 12a may calculate an error trajectory, which is a trajectory of a tool used for machining and occurs when a machining error occurs, as a machining error shape.
  • the drawing unit 13a draws an error trajectory along the shape actually formed due to the processing error.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of an error trajectory drawn by the machined surface quality simulation device 1a according to the first embodiment.
  • a trajectory 24 shown in FIG. 10 is an example of an error trajectory drawn by the cutting edge of a single-flute end mill, and while the main shaft 83 rotates three times in the rotation direction 23 while machining the workpiece 78, the end mill rotates in the movement direction 21. This is the trajectory of the cutting edge when moving in a certain X direction.
  • the trajectory 24 drawn by the cutting edge is formulated as shown in equation (1) below.
  • v x is the moving speed in the X direction
  • R is the radius of the tool 76
  • ⁇ is the angular velocity of the main shaft 83
  • ⁇ is the phase difference of the cutting edge position with respect to the rotation angle of the main shaft 83.
  • the error locus can be drawn by overwriting two loci whose phases differ by 180 degrees.
  • the drawing unit 13a may calculate a movement trajectory of the cutting edge that more closely resembles the actual behavior and may draw the error trajectory.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1a can simulate a more accurate appearance of the shape of the machining error.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1a can calculate the machined surface shape in a short time by approximating the actual motion locus with a circular motion.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the tool 76 and the machining error shape 22 in the first embodiment. Radius end mill 25 and ball end mill 26 are examples of tool 76. FIG. 11 shows a side view of the radius end mill 25, a machining error shape 22 caused by the radius end mill 25, a side view of the ball end mill 26, and a machining error shape 22 caused by the ball end mill 26. In FIG.
  • machining error shape 22 produced by the radius end mill 25
  • a portion of the radius end mill 25 closer to the base than the cutting edge is indicated by a broken line.
  • a portion of the ball end mill 26 closer to the base than the cutting edge is shown by a broken line.
  • Each of the two machining error shapes 22 shown in FIG. 11 is an example of a machining error shape 22 caused by deformation of the mechanical structure 98.
  • the radius end mill 25 has a rounded tip.
  • the machining error shape 22 by the radius end mill 25 is a circle smaller than the outer shape of the radius end mill 25. Since one point of the tip of the ball end mill 26 contacts the workpiece 78, the machining error shape 22 is one point. Note that the machining error shape 22 may be determined based on the distance to the cutting edge position of the tool 76. The machining error shape 22 may be obtained by measuring the diameter of the shape actually transferred in a machining experiment or the like.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining a modification of the mechanical structure 98 that lifts the tool 76 in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 schematically shows how the support body 90 is deformed by the movement of the X-axis drive unit 93X, and the tool 76 is lifted above the surface of the workpiece 78. In such a state, the tool 76 is lifted from the workpiece 78, leaving uncut parts on the workpiece 78.
  • a threshold value for determining the occurrence of a machining error is set for the absolute value of the acceleration of the axis.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of an acceleration waveform when precision machining is performed in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 shows an example of waveforms of accelerations on the X-axis and Y-axis when precision machining is performed on the same machining path as shown in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 13 shows a waveform showing the absolute value of the axis acceleration feedback.
  • the broken line shown in FIG. 13 represents the threshold for error occurrence.
  • the threshold value may be specified as an absolute value.
  • a threshold value when acceleration occurs in the positive direction in each axis and a threshold value when acceleration occurs in the negative direction may be set separately.
  • the determination of the occurrence of a machining error may be performed for each calculation step, or may be performed only for the axis where acceleration has occurred.
  • the determination of the occurrence of a machining error may be performed within a preset time from the moment the acceleration occurs.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a second example of an image generated by the machined surface quality simulation apparatus 1a according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 shows an example of an image drawn when a processing error occurs on each of the X-axis and Y-axis as shown in FIG. 13.
  • a double arc-shaped machining error shape 22 is calculated as shown in FIG. Ru.
  • a circular shape 27 indicated by a broken line in FIG. 14 indicates that the absolute value of the acceleration feedback exceeds the threshold immediately after the start of machining.
  • the circular shape 27 is not calculated as the machining error shape 22 by the machined surface shape calculation section 12a.
  • the machining surface shape calculation unit 12a determines that the circular shape 27 is outside the workpiece 78 based on the information on the installation position of the workpiece 78 included in the machining condition information.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a second example of the machining path in the first embodiment.
  • the machining path is indicated by a broken line arrow.
  • the movement of the tool 76 on the XY plane according to the machining path shown in FIG. 15 is the same as in the case of the machining path shown in FIG.
  • the machining path shown in FIG. 15 differs from the machining path shown in FIG. 7 in that the machining end position P2 is set at a position away from the workpiece 78 in the Z direction.
  • the machining end position P2 is, for example, the origin of the machine.
  • the numerically controlled machine tool 99 returns the tool 76 to the origin by pulling the tool 76 up from near the center of the XY plane of the workpiece 78 in the Z direction.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a third example of an image generated by the machined surface quality simulation device 1a according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 16 shows an example of an image drawn when the workpiece 78 is processed along the processing path shown in FIG. 15.
  • a circular shape 27 indicated by a broken line in FIG. 16 indicates that the absolute value of the acceleration feedback exceeds the threshold after the tool 76 is pulled up from the workpiece 78 in the Z direction.
  • the machining surface shape calculation unit 12a uses the circular shape 27 as the machining error shape 22. is not calculated.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1a determines whether or not a preset machining error that characterizes the appearance occurs based on the axis data, and determines whether or not a machining error that is caused by the machining error occurs.
  • a shape 22 is calculated based on the machining condition information and the position of the axis.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1a draws a machining error shape 22 that can be recognized when the machined surface is visually observed.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1a can generate an image that is a predicted result of machined surface quality through simpler calculations than in the case where a highly accurate simulation of a three-dimensional shape is required. As described above, the machined surface quality simulation device 1a has the effect of being able to predict the appearance characteristics of a machined surface through simple calculations.
  • the machining error occurrence determination section 11a, the machined surface shape calculation section 12a, and the drawing section 13a are realized by a processing circuit.
  • the processing circuit may be a circuit on which a processor executes software, or may be a dedicated circuit.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a configuration example of control circuit 200 according to the first embodiment.
  • the control circuit 200 includes an input section 201, a processor 202, a memory 203, and an output section 204.
  • the input unit 201 is an interface circuit that receives data input from outside the control circuit 200 and provides it to the processor 202.
  • the output unit 204 is an interface circuit that sends data from the processor 202 or the memory 203 to the outside of the control circuit 200.
  • the input unit 201 may include an input device for an operator to input information to the machined surface quality simulation apparatus 1a.
  • the output unit 204 may include a display device for displaying the image drawn by the drawing unit 13a.
  • the processing circuit is the control circuit 200 shown in FIG. 17, the machining error occurrence determination section 11a, the machined surface shape calculation section 12a, and the drawing section 13a are realized by software, firmware, or a combination of software and firmware.
  • Software or firmware is written as a program and stored in memory 203.
  • each function is realized by the processor 202 reading and executing a program stored in the memory 203. That is, the processing circuit includes a memory 203 for storing a program by which the processing of the machined surface quality simulation apparatus 1a is executed. It can also be said that these programs cause a computer to execute the procedures and methods of the machined surface quality simulation device 1a.
  • the processor 202 is a CPU (Central Processing Unit, also referred to as a central processing unit, processing unit, arithmetic unit, microprocessor, microcomputer, processor, or DSP (Digital Signal Processor)).
  • the memory 203 is, for example, RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), or EEPROM (registered trademark) (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory). Memory), etc., non-volatile Alternatively, volatile semiconductor memory, magnetic disk, flexible disk, optical disk, compact disk, mini disk, DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), etc. are applicable.
  • FIG. 17 is an example of hardware in which each component is implemented by a general-purpose processor 202 and memory 203, each component may also be implemented by a dedicated hardware circuit.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the dedicated hardware circuit 205 according to the first embodiment.
  • the dedicated hardware circuit 205 includes an input section 201, an output section 204, and a processing circuit 206.
  • the processing circuit 206 is a single circuit, a composite circuit, a programmed processor, a parallel programmed processor, an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or a combination thereof.
  • Each function of the machined surface quality simulation device 1a may be realized by the processing circuit 206 for each function, or each function may be realized by the processing circuit 206 collectively. Note that each component may be realized by combining the control circuit 200 and the hardware circuit 205.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1a may be connected to the numerically controlled machine tool 99 via a network cable, or may be connected to the numerically controlled machine tool 99 via a wireless network. Alternatively, the machined surface quality simulation device 1a may be implemented on a server or cloud that is physically remote from the numerically controlled machine tool 99 connected to the network.
  • FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a machined surface quality simulation apparatus 1b according to the second embodiment.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1b includes a machined surface shape calculation section 12b that is different from the machined surface shape calculation section 12a of the first embodiment.
  • the machining error occurrence determination unit 11a outputs the determination result regarding the occurrence of machining error and the axis position information to the machined surface shape calculation unit 12b.
  • the machined surface shape calculation unit 12b calculates an envelope based on the axis position information for a region in which it is determined that no processing error will occur.
  • the envelope represents the locus that the outer shape of the tool 76 used for machining passes.
  • the drawing unit 13a draws the calculated machining error shape and the calculated envelope.
  • FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing the procedure of machined surface quality simulation by the machined surface quality simulation apparatus 1b according to the second embodiment.
  • the procedure from step S1 to step S4 shown in FIG. 20 is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
  • step S4 If it is determined that a machining error occurs (step S4, Yes), the machined surface quality simulation device 1b calculates a machining error shape in step S5, as in the first embodiment. On the other hand, if it is determined that no machining error occurs (step S4, No), the machined surface quality simulation apparatus 1b advances the procedure to step S8.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1b calculates an envelope in the machined surface shape calculation section 12b.
  • the envelope is a linear shape that is generated when the cutting edge of the tool 76 passes during machining, and is a machining error shape that simulates a machining error that affects the quality of the machined surface.
  • the machining error shape which is an envelope, is caused by a slight difference in level between adjacent machining paths.
  • the machining error shape which is an envelope, can be visually recognized as a machining error because light is reflected and interferes with the step.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1b calculates the shape of the machining error caused by the deformation of the mechanical structure 98, as well as the shape of the machining error caused by the deformation of the mechanical structure 98, as in the first embodiment. Calculate the envelope in areas where it does not occur. After completing the procedure of step S8, the machined surface quality simulation device 1b advances the procedure to step S6.
  • step S5 to step S7 are the same as in the first embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the drawing unit 13a generates an image including a machining error shape and an envelope caused by the deformation of the mechanical structure 98.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of an image generated by the machined surface quality simulation device 1b according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 21 shows an example in which an envelope 30 is drawn together with a circular machining error shape 22.
  • the envelope 30 is an example of an envelope when the tool 76 is moved as in the case shown in FIG.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1b generates an image including the machining error shape and the envelope caused by the deformation of the mechanical structure 98 by calculating the envelope.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1b can simulate a machining error due to a slight step between adjacent machining paths as one of the elements of machined surface quality.
  • FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a machined surface quality simulation apparatus 1c according to the third embodiment.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1c has a machined surface shape calculation section 12c that is different from the machined surface shape calculation sections 12a and 12b of the first or second embodiment.
  • the machining error occurrence determination unit 11a outputs the determination result regarding the occurrence of a machining error and the axis position information to the machined surface shape calculation unit 12c.
  • the machined surface shape calculation unit 12c calculates an envelope based on the axis position information for a region in which it is determined that no processing error will occur.
  • the drawing unit 13a draws the calculated machining error shape and the calculated envelope.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1b drew the envelope of all trajectories passed by the cutting edge of the tool 76.
  • the distance between adjacent parts of the machining path may be shorter than the distance between the cutting edges of the tool 76.
  • the envelope of one of the adjacent parts that is processed first may disappear when the other part is processed.
  • the machined surface shape calculation unit 12c deletes one of the adjacent envelopes in a region where adjacent envelopes that are adjacent to each other are calculated.
  • FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing the procedure of machined surface quality simulation by the machined surface quality simulation apparatus 1c according to the third embodiment.
  • step S9 is added to the procedure from step S1 to step S8 similar to that in FIG.
  • the machined surface shape calculation unit 12c deletes one of the adjacent envelopes for the area where the adjacent envelopes have been calculated.
  • the machining surface shape calculation unit 12c acquires the order in which the tool 76 passes at each position on the machining path from the information on the machining path.
  • the machined surface shape calculation unit 12c recognizes, among mutually adjacent parts of the machining path, a part through which the tool 76 passes first and a part through which the tool 76 passes later. Which of the adjacent envelopes should be deleted is set in advance from the processing condition information. Since the remaining envelope may be determined by the inclination of the attached tool 76, the settings regarding deletion of adjacent envelopes may be changed when the tool 76 is replaced.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1c advances the procedure to step S6.
  • step S5 to step S7 are the same as in the first embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the drawing unit 13a generates an image including a machining error shape and an envelope caused by the deformation of the mechanical structure 98.
  • the machined surface shape calculation unit 12c may apply the process of deleting the calculated machining error shape not only to the envelope but also to machining error shapes other than the envelope. For example, the machined surface shape calculation unit 12c may delete one of the machining error shapes in a region where machining error shapes caused by deformation of the mechanical structure 98 overlap. Alternatively, the machining surface shape calculation unit 12c may delete either the machining error shape or the envelope in a region where the machining error shape and the envelope overlap each other due to the deformation of the mechanical structure 98.
  • FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of an image generated by the machined surface quality simulation device 1c according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 24 shows an example in which an envelope 30 is drawn together with a circular machining error shape 22.
  • the envelope 30 is an example of an envelope when the tool 76 is moved as in the case shown in FIG.
  • the image shown in FIG. 24 differs from the case shown in FIG. 21 in that one of the envelopes that overlap with each other is deleted, and one of the envelopes and the machining error shape 22 that overlap with each other is deleted. That is, in the image shown in FIG. 24, among the envelopes that overlap with each other, one of the envelopes through which the tool 76 passes first is deleted. Furthermore, in the image shown in FIG. 24, among the envelopes and the machining error shape 22 that overlap each other, one of the envelopes or the machining error shape 22 through which the tool 76 passes first is deleted.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1c draws an envelope that disappears due to processing or an envelope that is not formed by deleting one of the adjacent envelopes in the area where the adjacent envelopes have been calculated. You can avoid it. This allows the machined surface quality simulation device 1c to more accurately simulate the machined surface quality.
  • Embodiment 4 a case will be described in which a machined surface quality simulation is performed for processing errors other than processing errors due to deformation of the mechanical structure 98.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1c according to the fourth embodiment has the same configuration as the third embodiment.
  • the same components as in Embodiments 1 to 3 described above are given the same reference numerals, and configurations that are different from Embodiments 1 to 3 will be mainly explained.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1c simulates a striped pattern that occurs on the machined surface due to vibrations of the mechanical structure 98.
  • the acceleration A tcp (s) of the tool 76 is formulated by a transfer function G(s) using the axis acceleration A mot (s) as input.
  • the transfer function G(s) is expressed by the following equation (2).
  • ⁇ represents vibration damping
  • ⁇ represents vibration frequency
  • K represents amplitude ratio
  • s Laplace operator.
  • FIG. 25 is a diagram for explaining vibrations of the tool 76 predicted in the fourth embodiment.
  • the waveform shown in FIG. 25 is the vibration of the tool 76 caused by the vibration of the mechanical structure 98 in the Y direction, and represents the vibration of the tool 76 in the Y direction.
  • the vertical axis of the graph shown in FIG. 25 is the tool vibration estimated from the Y-axis acceleration, and the horizontal axis is time.
  • the threshold value Th3 is a threshold value that is a criterion for determining an error, and is a threshold value for the acceleration of the tool 76.
  • the tool vibration when the acceleration is the threshold value Th3 is shown by a dotted line.
  • the threshold value Th3 is determined by a processing test conducted in advance.
  • the machining error occurrence determination unit 11a receives the acceleration of the axis as input and determines the acceleration of the tool 76 from the above transfer function G(s). In the calculation step where the acceleration of the tool 76 exceeds the threshold Th3, a striped pattern is generated due to the vibration of the tool 76.
  • FIG. 26 is a diagram showing an example of an image generated by the machined surface quality simulation device 1c according to the fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 26 shows an example in which a circular machining error shape 22 formed by vibration of the tool 76 is drawn. As shown in FIG. 26, a plurality of machining error shapes 22 are formed to overlap each other in the Y direction.
  • the equation for determining the occurrence of vibration and the threshold value Th3 are just examples, and may be changed as appropriate.
  • a transfer function is used in which the displacement Y tcp (s) of the tool 76 is formulated using the axis acceleration A mot (s) as an input, instead of the above transfer function G (s). G(s) may also be used.
  • a transfer function G(s) that formulates the displacement Y tcp (s) of the tool 76 using the axis acceleration A mot (s) as input is expressed by the following equation (3).
  • the threshold value which is a criterion for determining an error, may be specified by the amplitude of tool vibration.
  • the displacement Y tcp (s) is the displacement due to vibration in the Y direction.
  • the mechanical structure 98 vibrates in the Y direction.
  • the mechanical structure 98 vibrates in the X direction, or when the mechanical structure 98 vibrates in both the X and Y directions, the mechanical structure This is similar to the case where 98 vibrates in the Y direction. If the mechanical structure 98 vibrates in the X direction, it is determined that a machining error has occurred in the X direction. When the mechanical structure 98 vibrates in the X direction and the Y direction, occurrence of a machining error is determined in each of the X direction and the Y direction.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1c can predict the machined surface quality using a simple formulation.
  • the machining error shape is a stamp mark shape caused by the tool 76 sinking into the workpiece 78 during acceleration or deceleration of the axis, or by vibration of the tool 76 or the workpiece 78 during acceleration or deceleration of the axis. It is not limited to the resulting striped shape.
  • the machining error shape may be a faint pattern caused by the tool 76 not coming into contact with the workpiece 78, or a wavy pattern caused by the discontinuous speed of the shaft.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1c can predict the external appearance characteristics of the shape of a machining error that affects the machined surface quality, depending on the aspect of the machining error.
  • FIG. 27 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a machined surface quality simulation apparatus 1d according to the fifth embodiment.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1d has a drawing section 13b that is different from the drawing section 13a of the first to fourth embodiments.
  • the drawing unit 13b performs drawing processing to overwrite a machining error shape on the surface of a three-dimensional shape model representing the shape of the workpiece 78 after machining.
  • axis data from the simulator 100 instead of the numerically controlled machine tool 99 is input to the machining error occurrence determination section 11a.
  • the simulator 100 is software that simulates the behavior of the numerically controlled machine tool 99.
  • the simulator 100 uses a machining program to simulate the behavior of the numerically controlled machine tool 99 when the numerically controlled machine tool 99 performs machining. Specifically, the simulator 100 calculates a position command, a speed command, and an acceleration command from the machining program.
  • the simulator 100 predicts position feedback, velocity feedback, and acceleration feedback from the machining program.
  • the simulator 100 is software that simulates the functions of a numerical control device provided in the numerically controlled machine tool 99.
  • the simulator 100 may be a transfer function or a mathematical formula that simulates the characteristics of each axis of the numerically controlled machine tool 99.
  • the simulator 100 may be an artificial intelligence that receives position commands, speed commands, and acceleration commands as input and learns position feedback, speed feedback, and acceleration feedback.
  • Three-dimensional CAD (Computer Aided Design) information which is three-dimensional shape data, and a machining error shape calculated by the machined surface shape calculation unit 12b are input to the drawing unit 13b.
  • the three-dimensional CAD information represents the shape of the workpiece 78 after processing.
  • the drawing unit 13b draws a three-dimensional shape model representing the shape of the workpiece 78 after processing, based on the three-dimensional CAD information.
  • the drawing unit 13b draws a three-dimensional shape model that simulates the appearance of the workpiece 78 from a preset viewpoint, and also draws a machining error shape of the three-dimensional shape model regarding machining errors that affect machined surface quality. Superimpose it on the surface. In this way, the drawing unit 13b performs a drawing process to overwrite the machining error shape on the surface of the three-dimensional shape model representing the shape of the workpiece 78 after machining.
  • FIG. 28 is a diagram showing an example of an image generated by the machined surface quality simulation device 1d according to the fifth embodiment.
  • FIG. 28 shows an example of an image in which a machining error shape 22 is superimposed on a pyramid-shaped three-dimensional shape model representing a workpiece 78 after machining.
  • a line diagram simulating the external features of the machining error shape 22 is overwritten at a position where it is determined that a machining error that affects the quality of the machined surface occurs.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1d when connected to the simulator 100 instead of the numerically controlled machine tool 99, calculates the machined surface quality using the result of simulating the behavior of the numerically controlled machine tool 99. Can be predicted. Furthermore, by overwriting the machining error shape 22 on the three-dimensional shape model, the machined surface quality simulation device 1d can more easily predict the appearance characteristics of the machining error shape 22 on the workpiece 78 after machining. can.
  • FIG. 29 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a machined surface quality simulation apparatus 1e according to the sixth embodiment.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1e differs from the machined surface quality simulation devices 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d according to the first to fifth embodiments in that it includes a machine learning device 110. Furthermore, the machined surface quality simulation device 1e has a machining error occurrence determining section 11b that is different from the machining error occurrence determining section 11a of the first to fifth embodiments.
  • a training data set including axis data and machining condition information is input to the machine learning device 110.
  • the machine learning device 110 receives information on the position where a machining error occurs.
  • the machining condition information includes the shape of the workpiece 78, the material of the workpiece 78, the tool diameter, the tool material, the tool shape, the number of teeth, the feed amount per tooth, the rotational speed of the tool 76, machine structure information, and tool friction information. , and tool usage time.
  • the mechanical structure information is information that characterizes the configuration of the mechanical structure 98.
  • a training data set is constructed in which acceleration/deceleration time constants, command speeds, and machining condition information are associated with each value of axis position, velocity, and acceleration for each axis position.
  • FIG. 30 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the machine learning device 110 included in the machined surface quality simulation device 1e according to the sixth embodiment.
  • the machine learning device 110 includes a state observation section 101 and a learning section 102.
  • the state observation unit 101 observes a training data set including axis data and machining condition information, and information on a machining error occurrence position as state variables.
  • the information on the machining error occurrence position includes the determination result of the actual occurrence of the machining error. That is, the state observation unit 101 observes the axis data, machining condition information, and the determination result of actual machining error occurrence as state variables.
  • the learning unit 102 learns the relationship between the determination value and machining conditions for determining whether or not a machining error occurs, according to the training data set.
  • Any learning algorithm may be used by the learning unit 102.
  • Reinforcement learning is a method in which an agent in an environment observes the current state and decides what action to take. Agents obtain rewards from the environment by selecting actions, and through a series of actions, they learn strategies that will yield the most rewards.
  • Q-learning, TD-learning, and the like are known as representative methods of reinforcement learning.
  • the action value table which is a general update formula for the action value function Q(s, a)
  • the action value function Q(s, a) represents the action value Q, which is the value of the action of selecting action "a" under environment "s".
  • the learning section 102 includes a reward calculation section 103 and a function updating section 104.
  • the reward calculation unit 103 calculates the reward based on the state variables.
  • the function update unit 104 updates the function for determining the determination value of the processing error according to the reward calculated by the reward calculation unit 103.
  • the reward calculation unit 103 calculates the reward “r” based on the machining error judgment value output from the machining error occurrence determination unit 11b and the presence or absence of the actually observed machining error. For example, when the machining error determination value matches the actual machining error determination result as a result of changing the machining conditions, the remuneration calculation unit 103 increases the remuneration “r”. The reward calculation unit 103 increases the reward "r” by giving a reward value of "1". Note that the reward value is not limited to "1". Furthermore, when the machining error determination value does not match the actual machining error occurrence determination result as a result of changing the machining conditions, the remuneration calculation unit 103 reduces the remuneration "r". The reward calculation unit 103 reduces the reward "r” by giving a reward value of "-1". Note that the reward value is not limited to "-1".
  • the learning unit 102 obtains the determination result of actual machining error occurrence from the information on the machining error occurrence position.
  • the actual determination result of the occurrence of a machining error may be a result of visually determining whether a machining error has occurred by an operator who determines the occurrence of a machining error.
  • Information on the magnitude of the machining error extracted from the unevenness information of the machined surface may be used as the determination result of the actual occurrence of the machining error.
  • the unevenness information on the machined surface is obtained by using a device such as a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) or a microscope.
  • CCMM coordinate measuring machine
  • the function updating unit 104 updates a function that is a determination model for determining a determination value of a machining error, according to the reward calculated by the reward calculation unit 103. Updating the function can be done, for example, by updating the action value table according to the training data set.
  • the action value table is a data set in which arbitrary actions and their action values are associated with each other and stored in a table format. For example, in the case of Q learning, the action value function Q (s t , a t ) expressed by the above equation (4) is used as a function for determining the determination value of the processing error.
  • the learning unit 102 may perform machine learning using a known learning algorithm other than reinforcement learning, for example, a learning algorithm such as deep learning, neural network, genetic programming, inductive logic programming, or support vector machine. good.
  • the learning unit 102 may construct a training data set including information on all axes of the numerically controlled machine tool 99 and learn a judgment model for determining the judgment value of machining error.
  • a training data set may be constructed for each of the 99 axes to learn a judgment model for each axis for determining the judgment value of machining error.
  • the learning unit 102 is not limited to the one built in the machined surface quality simulation device 1e.
  • the learning unit 102 may be realized by a device external to the machined surface quality simulation device 1e.
  • the device functioning as the learning unit 102 may be a device connectable to the machined surface quality simulation device 1e via a network.
  • the device functioning as the learning unit 102 may be a device existing on a cloud server.
  • the machine learning device 110 is realized by a processor 202 and memory 203 similar to those shown in FIG. 17, or a processing circuit 206 similar to those shown in FIG. 18.
  • the machine learning device 110 outputs the determination model that is the learning result of the learning unit 102 to the machining error occurrence determination unit 11b.
  • the machining error occurrence determination unit 11b calculates a determination value based on the determination model.
  • the machining error occurrence determination unit 11b determines whether or not a machining error that affects the machined surface quality occurs based on the calculated determination value.
  • the machined surface quality simulation device 1e learns the relationship between the judgment value of the machined error and the machining conditions, so that the conditions for generating machining errors that affect the machined surface quality change in a complex manner depending on the machining conditions. In this case, it is possible to predict with high accuracy the occurrence of machining errors that affect the machined surface quality.

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