WO2023185367A1 - 一种电机定子及其应用的电机 - Google Patents

一种电机定子及其应用的电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023185367A1
WO2023185367A1 PCT/CN2023/079299 CN2023079299W WO2023185367A1 WO 2023185367 A1 WO2023185367 A1 WO 2023185367A1 CN 2023079299 W CN2023079299 W CN 2023079299W WO 2023185367 A1 WO2023185367 A1 WO 2023185367A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator
conductor
conductors
slot
motor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/079299
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张增杰
阮鸥
孙新东
朱殿烨
李涛
汤浩
张红凯
张宪东
林汝裕
Original Assignee
浙江极氪智能科技有限公司
威睿电动汽车技术(宁波)有限公司
浙江吉利控股集团有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 浙江极氪智能科技有限公司, 威睿电动汽车技术(宁波)有限公司, 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 filed Critical 浙江极氪智能科技有限公司
Priority to KR1020247018711A priority Critical patent/KR20240096697A/ko
Priority to AU2023244967A priority patent/AU2023244967A1/en
Publication of WO2023185367A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023185367A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/12—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/50—Fastening of winding heads, equalising connectors, or connections thereto
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/52—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto
    • H02K3/521—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of motors, and in particular to a motor stator and a motor in which it is applied.
  • the stator core winding adopts a flat wire (rectangular wire) method, which can greatly increase the full rate of the bare copper slots of the stator coil, thus greatly improving the efficiency of the motor.
  • the stator winding includes multiple hairpin coils. The multiple hairpin coils are inserted into the stator slots of the stator core in a certain arrangement to form the required windings of a single-phase motor or a multi-phase motor.
  • stator hairpin coils have many types and complicated arrangements.
  • the voltage difference between different slot layers is high.
  • the hairpin coils between different slot layers are easily A breakdown occurs, causing a short circuit and causing the motor to fail.
  • the present invention proposes a motor stator and a motor for which it is applied, which is used to solve the problem that the voltage difference between the layers of different groove layers is high and the hairpin coil is prone to breakdown when used under high voltage, and the following technical solution is proposed.
  • the invention proposes a motor stator, which includes:
  • stator core having stator slots, the stator slots including a plurality of slot layers arranged along the radial direction of the stator core;
  • stator winding is inserted into the stator slot, the stator winding includes a plurality of first conductors and a plurality of second conductors, the first conductors and the second conductors include two linear segments;
  • the plurality of straight-line segments of the first conductor are respectively located in two adjacent groove layers, the first conductor and the second conductor each include two straight-line segments, and one straight segment of the second conductor The portion is located in the same stator slot as a linear segment of the first conductor;
  • the pole pitch of the stator winding is ⁇
  • the pitch size of the second conductor is y2
  • the spacing between two adjacent first conductors in the same slot layer is L1
  • the stator winding further includes:
  • a third conductor is located between the first conductor and the second conductor, and the two linear segments of the third conductor and the two linear segments of the first conductor are respectively located in the same stator slot, so
  • the third conductor in the stator slot occupies at least two slot layers.
  • the stator winding includes at least one phase winding.
  • each phase winding includes at least two branch windings, and the branch windings are connected in series or in parallel.
  • each of the phase windings includes two branch windings, and the linear sections of the second conductors in the two branch windings are located in adjacent stator slots.
  • the linear sections of the first conductors in the two branch windings are located in adjacent stator slots.
  • the first conductor further includes:
  • a head the head being connected between one ends of the two linear segments of the first conductor;
  • the other ends of the two linear segments of the first conductor are respectively connected to the bent portions.
  • the bent portions of the first conductors located between adjacent second conductors extend in opposite directions, and the bent portions of the first conductors located outside the second conductors extend in the same direction.
  • the invention also proposes a motor, including:
  • the motor stator is installed on the motor body, and the motor stator includes:
  • stator core having stator slots, the stator slots including a plurality of slot layers arranged along the radial direction of the stator core;
  • stator winding is inserted into the stator slot, the stator winding includes a plurality of first conductors and a plurality of a second conductor, the first conductor and the second conductor including two straight line segments;
  • the plurality of straight-line segments of the first conductor are respectively located in two adjacent groove layers, the first conductor and the second conductor each include two straight-line segments, and one straight segment of the second conductor The portion is located in the same stator slot as a linear segment of the first conductor;
  • the pole pitch of the stator winding is ⁇
  • the pitch size of the second conductor is y2
  • the spacing between two adjacent first conductors in the same slot layer is L1
  • the invention proposes a motor stator and a motor for which it is applied, which can be used to solve the problem that in the same stator slot, the voltage difference between different slot layers can easily lead to hairpin coil breakdown, and can make each branch
  • the incoming and outgoing ends of the winding are arranged on the same side of the stator winding, making full use of the height of the welding end.
  • motors with specific power and torque requirements can be designed.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the motor stator of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the hairpin end of the motor stator of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the welding end of the motor stator of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first coil group composed of a first conductor in the motor stator of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a third coil group composed of a third conductor in the motor stator of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second coil group composed of a second conductor in the motor stator of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the first type of conductor among the first conductors of the motor stator of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the second type conductor among the first conductors of the motor stator of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the third conductor in the motor stator of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the second conductor in the motor stator of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a wiring diagram of the stator windings in the motor stator of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the winding of the stator winding in the motor stator of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the stator slot in the motor stator of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the motor of the present invention.
  • First conductor 511. First type conductor; 512. Second type conductor;
  • Second conductor 520.
  • Third conductor 600.
  • Motor body 520.
  • the present invention proposes a motor stator and a motor for which it is applied, which can be applied to the field of electrical servo transmission, transportation, etc.
  • the motor stator of the present application and the motor for which it is applied can be applied to electric vehicles.
  • the invention of the present application can solve the problem that hairpin coils between different slot layers are prone to breakdown, resulting in short circuit, and can improve motor efficiency.
  • the present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.
  • the present invention proposes a motor stator.
  • the motor stator 100 may include a stator core 300 and a stator winding 500 .
  • the stator core 300 may be provided with a plurality of stator slots, and the stator slots may be formed on the inner surface of the stator core 300 .
  • the stator slots may be arranged in a circumferential direction of the stator core 300 , and the stator slots may be spaced apart at predetermined slot pitches on the stator core 300 .
  • the plurality of stator slots in the circumferential direction of the stator core 300 may be stator slot No. 1, stator slot No. 1, etc.
  • each stator slot may be provided with multiple slot layers.
  • each stator slot may be provided with an odd number of slot layers, for example, each stator slot may be provided with 5 slot layers.
  • the five slot layers along the radial inner to outer direction of the stator core 300 may be the first slot layer, the second slot layer, the third slot layer, the fourth slot layer, and the third slot layer.
  • the first slot layer is located on the side close to the inside of the stator slot
  • the fifth slot layer is located on the side close to the outside of the stator slot.
  • the specific numbers of the slot layers of each stator slot are not limited. They can be arranged in the order of 1 to 5 from the inside to the outside, or they can be arranged in the order of 1 to 5 from the outside to the inside.
  • the stator winding 500 can be inserted into the stator slot, and the stator winding 500 can include a plurality of first conductors 510 and a plurality of second conductors. 520.
  • the plurality of first conductors 510 may form a first coil group, and the first coil group may be located in the stator slot of the stator core 300 .
  • the plurality of second conductors 520 may form a second coil group, and the second coil group may be located in the stator slot of the stator core 300 .
  • the second coil group may be located on one side close to the inside of the stator slot.
  • the first conductor 510 may include a head 501 , a straight segment 502 and a bent portion 503 .
  • the straight segment portion 502 can be used to be inserted into a stator slot, and the two straight segment portions 502 of the first conductor 510 can be used to be inserted into different stator slots.
  • the head 501 can be connected between one ends of the two linear segments 502 .
  • the other ends of the two straight segments 502 can be connected to the bent portion 503 .
  • the structure of the second conductor 520 may be similar to the structure of the first conductor 510 .
  • the second conductor 520 may include a head 501, a straight section 502, and a bent part 503, where the straight section 502 can be used to be inserted into the stator slot, and the two straight sections 502 of the second conductor 520 can be used to be inserted into different stators. inside the tank.
  • the head 501 can be connected between one ends of the two linear segments 502 .
  • the other ends of the two straight segments 502 can be connected to the bent portion 503 .
  • the first conductor 510 and the second conductor 520 are described in detail below through specific embodiments.
  • the first conductor 510 may include a first type conductor 511 and a second type conductor 512.
  • the first type conductor 511 may include a head 501 and a straight segment 502 and a bent portion 503, in which the straight section 502 can be used to be inserted into the stator slot, and the two straight section portions 502 of the first type conductor 511 can be used to be inserted into different stator slots.
  • the head 501 can be connected between one ends of the two linear segments 502 .
  • the other ends of the two straight segments 502 can be connected to the bent portion 503 .
  • the second type conductor 512 may include a head 501, a straight segment 502, and a bent part 503.
  • the straight segment 502 may be used for insertion into the stator slot, and the two straight segments 502 of the second type conductor 512 may be used for insertion. in different stator slots.
  • the head 501 can be connected between one ends of the two linear segments 502 .
  • the other ends of the two straight segments 502 can be connected to the bent portion 503 .
  • the difference between the first type conductor 511 and the second type conductor 512 is that the two bending portions 503 of the first type conductor 511 extend in the same direction and face the same direction.
  • the two bent portions of the second type conductor 512 extend in opposite directions and face opposite directions.
  • the second conductor 520 may be provided with two parts.
  • the pitch of one part of the second conductor 520 may be greater than the pole pitch of the stator winding 500
  • the pitch of the other part of the second conductor 520 may be greater than the pole pitch of the stator winding 500 .
  • the pitch may be smaller than the pole pitch of the stator winding 500
  • the sum of the pitches of the two parts of the second conductor 520 may be twice the pole pitch of the stator winding 500 .
  • the pole pitch of the stator winding 500 is six slot pitches
  • the pitch of part of the second conductors 520 may be five slot pitches
  • the pitch of another part of the second conductors 520 may be seven slot pitches. .
  • the linear segments 502 of the plurality of first conductors 510 may be respectively located in two adjacent trench layers.
  • the linear segment 502 of the second conductor 520 and the linear segment 502 of the first conductor 510 may be located in the same stator slot.
  • the size of the pitch of the first conductor 510 may be the same as the size of the pole pitch of the stator winding 500 .
  • the spacing between the linear segments 502 of adjacent first conductors 510 in the same slot layer may be one slot pitch different from the pole pitch of the stator winding 500, and the linear end portions 502 of two adjacent second conductors 520 The spacing can be the same.
  • the pole pitch of the stator winding is ⁇
  • the pitch size of the second conductor is y2
  • the spacing between two adjacent first linear segments in the same slot layer is L1
  • the spacing between adjacent second linear segments in the same slot layer is L1.
  • the stator core 300 The number of stator slots may be, for example, 48.
  • the stator winding 500 may include a plurality of phase windings, and the plurality of phase windings may be different from each other in electrical phases.
  • the stator winding 500 may include three phase windings.
  • Each phase winding may include two circuit windings, and the two circuit windings may be connected in series or in parallel.
  • the pitch of the first conductor 510 may be the same as the pole pitch of the stator winding 500 , which may be six slot pitches.
  • the spacing between the linear segments 502 of adjacent first conductors 510 in the same groove layer may be 5 groove pitches or 7 groove pitches.
  • the pitch of the second conductor 520 may be 7 grooves, and the distance between the linear segments 502 of two adjacent second conductors 520 may be 5 grooves.
  • the pitch is The second conductors 520 with 7 slot pitches may be arranged along the circumferential direction of the stator core 300 .
  • the pitch of the second conductor 520 may be 5 groove pitches, and the spacing between the linear segments 502 of two adjacent second conductors 520 may be 7 groove pitches.
  • the second conductors 520 with a slot pitch of 5 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the stator core 300 .
  • the first conductor 510 and the second conductor 520 will not be filled in the same stator slot.
  • the first conductor 510 and the second conductor 520 will be filled in adjacent stator slots, which can be used to solve the problem of problems in the same stator slot.
  • the high voltage difference between the layers of different groove layers can easily lead to the breakdown of the hairpin coil.
  • stator winding 500 located at the head 501 of the first conductor 510 and the head 501 of the second conductor 520 may be the hairpin end 400 , and the stator winding 500 is located at the bending portion 503 of the first conductor 510 and the bending of the second conductor 520 One end of the portion 503 may be the welding end 200.
  • each phase winding may include two branch windings, and the pitch of a part of the second conductor 520 may be 7 slots.
  • the pitch of the other part of the second conductor 520 may be 5 groove pitches.
  • the second conductor 520 with a pitch of 5 slots in one branch winding and the second conductor 520 with a pitch of 7 slots in the other branch winding may be located in adjacent stator slots.
  • the first branch winding the second Another linear segment 502 of the conductor 520 and another linear segment 502 of the second conductor 520 of the second branch winding are located in adjacent stator slots, that is, the second conductor 520 with a pitch of 7 slots surrounds the segment.
  • the second conductor 520 has a pitch of 5 slots.
  • the outgoing end of the branch winding can be located on the 1st slot layer of the 22nd stator slot. 1 slot layer
  • the incoming end of the second branch winding can be located on the first slot layer of the No. 28 stator slot
  • the outgoing end of the second branch winding can be located on the first layer of the No. 23 stator slot slot layer.
  • the incoming end of the first branch winding can be located at the first slot layer of the No. 29 stator slot
  • the incoming end of the second branch winding can be located at the first slot layer of the No. 28 stator slot.
  • each phase winding of the stator winding 500 can be optimized.
  • This winding way can make the incoming end and outgoing end of each branch winding be arranged on the same side of the stator winding 500 side, the height of the welding end 200 can be fully utilized.
  • the incoming wire ends of the two branch windings are located in adjacent stator slots, so that the incoming wire ends of the two branch windings can be easily welded.
  • the outlet ends of the two branch windings are located in adjacent stator slots to facilitate welding.
  • the two branch windings are connected in parallel.
  • the two branch windings can also be connected in series.
  • the outlet end of one branch winding can be connected to the incoming end of the other branch winding through a wire.
  • the second conductor 520 forms a second coil group.
  • the second coil group there is a situation where the second conductor 520 with a pitch of 7 slots is located outside the second conductor 520 with a pitch of 5 slots. That is, the pitch is The second conductor 520 with a pitch of 7 grooves surrounds the second conductor 520 with a pitch of 5 grooves.
  • the first conductors 510 form a first coil group, and the first conductors 510 in the first coil group are in an out-of-plane relationship with each other.
  • the invention solves the problem of nesting of numerous coils in the stator winding, can reduce the height of the bending part of the stator coil, improve the efficiency of the motor, improve the torque and power density of the motor, avoid the stator winding circulation, reduce losses, and reduce the number of nested coils. Insulation damage and high voltage breakdown problems caused during the production process. In addition, by using odd-numbered layer windings to solve the problem of distribution of the number of series conductors per phase, motors with specific power and torque requirements can be designed.
  • the motor stator may include a third conductor 530 .
  • the third conductor 530 may include a head portion 501 , a straight segment portion 502 and a bent portion 503 .
  • the straight section 502 can be used to be inserted into the stator slot, and the two straight section 502 of the third conductor 530 can be used to be inserted into different stator slots.
  • the head 501 can be connected between one ends of the two linear segments 502 .
  • the other ends of the two straight segments 502 can be connected to the bent portion 503 .
  • the third conductor 530 may form a third coil group, and the third coil group may be located between the first coil group and the second coil group, wherein the number of the third coil group is at least one.
  • the straight section 502 of the third conductor 530 can be located in the groove layers on adjacent two sides respectively.
  • the size of the pitch of the third conductor 530 may be the same as the size of the pitch of the first conductor 510 .
  • the third conductor 530 and the first conductor 510 may be in a parallel relationship with each other.
  • the bending portions 503 of the second conductors 520 extend in the same direction, and the second conductors 520 form the second coil group.
  • the extending directions of the bent portions 503 of the second conductors 520 in the second coil group are the same, which may be in the clockwise direction or in the counterclockwise direction.
  • the extension direction of the bending portion 503 of the third conductor 530 is opposite.
  • the third conductor 530 forms a third coil group.
  • the extension direction of one bending portion 503 of the third conductor 530 in the third coil group can be clockwise. direction or along the counterclockwise direction, the extending direction of the other bent portion 503 of the third conductor 530 is opposite.
  • the first conductors 510 may form a first coil group, in which the bending portions 503 of a part of the first conductors 510 extend in the same direction, and the bending portions 503 of another part of the first conductors 510 extend in opposite directions.
  • the bending portion 503 of the first conductor 510 located between adjacent second conductors 520 can extend in opposite directions, and one bending portion 503 of the first conductor 510 can extend clockwise on the first coil group. Or extending counterclockwise, the other bent portion 503 of the first conductor 510 extends in the opposite direction.
  • the bending portion 503 of the first conductor 510 located outside the second conductor 520 can extend in the same direction, and the bending portion 503 of the first conductor 510 can be moved in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction on the first coil group. extend.
  • the extending direction of the bent portion 503 of the first conductor 510, the extending direction of the bent portion 503 of the second conductor 520, and the extending direction of the bent portion 503 of the third conductor 530 have no The specific restrictions should meet the wiring diagram in Figure 12.
  • the present invention also provides a motor including a motor stator 100 and a motor body 600 .
  • the motor stator 100 is installed on the motor body 600 .
  • the motor stator 100 includes a stator core 300 and a stator winding 500 .
  • the stator core 300 may have stator slots, and the stator slots may include a plurality of slot layers, and the slot layers may be arranged along the radial direction of the stator core 300 .
  • the stator winding 500 may be inserted into the stator slot.
  • the stator winding 500 may include a plurality of first conductors 510 and a plurality of second conductors 520.
  • the first conductors 510 and the second conductors 520 may include two A straight line segment.
  • the plurality of first conductors 510 may be respectively located in two adjacent trench layers.
  • the linear segment of the second conductor 520 and the linear segment of the first conductor 510 may be located in the same stator slot.
  • the pitch of the first conductor 510 is the same as the pole pitch of the stator winding 500 .
  • the spacing between the linear segments 502 of two adjacent first conductors 510 in the same slot layer may differ from the pole pitch of the stator winding 500 by one slot pitch.
  • the spacing between the linear segments 502 of two adjacent second conductors 520 is equal.
  • the present invention proposes a motor stator and a motor for which it is applied.
  • the conductors of a branch winding will not be filled in the same stator slot, and can be used to solve the problem of different slot layers in the same stator slot.
  • a high voltage difference between the numbers can easily cause hairpin coil breakdown.
  • the incoming and outgoing ends of each branch winding can be arranged on the same side of the stator winding, making full use of the height of the welding end.
  • the invention also solves the problem of nesting of numerous coils in the stator winding, can reduce the height of the bending part of the stator coil, improves motor efficiency, improves the torque and power density of the motor, avoids stator winding circulation, reduces losses, and can reduce nesting Insulation damage and high-voltage breakdown problems caused by coils during the production process.
  • motors with specific power and torque requirements can be designed.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提出一种电机定子及其应用的电机。电机定子，包括：定子铁芯，具有定子槽，定子槽包括有若干槽层，槽层沿定子铁芯的径向方向布设；以及定子绕组，插入到定子槽内，定子绕组包括多个第一导体和多个第二导体，第一导体和第二导体包括两个直线段部；其中，多个第一导体的直线段部分别位于相邻两层槽层，所述第一导体和所述第二导体均包括两个直线段部，所述第二导体的一个直线段部与所述第一导体的一个直线段部位于同一所述定子槽；定子绕组的极距为τ，第二导体的节距的大小为y2，同一槽层两个相邻第一导体的直线段部的间距为L1，相邻第二导体的直线端部的间距为L2。本发明可降低定子线圈折弯部高度，提高电机效率。

Description

一种电机定子及其应用的电机 技术领域
本发明涉及电机技术领域，具体涉及一种电机定子及其应用的电机。
背景技术
定子铁芯绕组采用扁线(矩形线)的方式，能够大幅提高定子线圈的裸铜槽满率，从而可以大幅提高电机的效率。定子绕组包括多个发卡线圈，将多个发卡线圈按照一定的排布方式，穿进定子铁芯的定子槽内，形成所需的单相电机或多相电机的绕组。
然而现有的定子发卡线圈的种类较多，排布方式复杂，同一定子槽内，不同槽层的层数之间的电压差高，运用在高压下，不同槽层之间的发卡线圈容易发生击穿的现象，导致短路，使电机失效。
发明内容
本发明提出一种电机定子及其应用的电机，用于解决不同槽层的层数之间的电压差高，运用在高压下发卡线圈易发生击穿的问题，并提出了如下的技术方案。
本发明提出一种电机定子，包括：
定子铁芯，具有定子槽，所述定子槽包括有若干槽层，所述槽层沿所述定子铁芯的径向方向布设；以及
定子绕组，插入到所述定子槽内，所述定子绕组包括多个第一导体和多个第二导体，所述第一导体和所述第二导体包括两个直线段部；
其中，多个所述第一导体的直线段部分别位于相邻两层槽层，所述第一导体和所述第二导体均包括两个直线段部，所述第二导体的一个直线段部与所述第一导体的一个直线段部位于同一所述定子槽；
所述定子绕组的极距为τ，所述第二导体的节距的大小为y2，同一槽层两个相邻所述第一导体的间距为L1，相邻所述第二导体的间距为L2，满足：L1＝τ+1 或者L1＝τ-1，L2＝2τ-y2。
在本发明一实施例中，所述定子绕组还包括：
第三导体，位于所述第一导体和所述第二导体之间，所述第三导体的两个直线段部与所述第一导体的两个直线段部分别位于相同的定子槽，所述第三导体的节距的大小为y3，满足：y3＝y1。
在本发明一实施例中，所述定子槽内的所述第三导体占据的槽层至少为两层。
在本发明一实施例中，所述定子绕组包括至少一个相绕组。
在本发明一实施例中，每一所述相绕组包括至少两个支路绕组，所述支路绕组之间串联连接或者并联连接。
在本发明一实施例中，每一所述相绕组包括两个支路绕组，两个所述支路绕组中的所述第二导体的直线段部位于相邻定子槽内。
在本发明一实施例中，两个所述支路绕组中的所述第一导体的直线段部位于相邻定子槽内。
在本发明一实施例中，所述第一导体还包括：
头部，所述第一导体的两个直线段部的一端之间连接所述头部；以及
折弯部，所述第一导体的两个直线段部的另一端分别连接所述折弯部。
在本发明一实施例中，位于相邻所述第二导体之间的所述第一导体的折弯部的延伸方向相反，位于所述第二导体外侧的所述第一导体的折弯部的延伸方向相同。
本发明还提出一种电机，包括：
电机主体；以及
电机定子，安装于所述电机主体上，所述电机定子包括：
定子铁芯，具有定子槽，所述定子槽包括有若干槽层，所述槽层沿所述定子铁芯的径向方向布设；以及
定子绕组，插入到所述定子槽内，所述定子绕组包括多个第一导体和多个 第二导体，所述第一导体和所述第二导体包括两个直线段部；
其中，多个所述第一导体的直线段部分别位于相邻两层槽层，所述第一导体和所述第二导体均包括两个直线段部，所述第二导体的一个直线段部与所述第一导体的一个直线段部位于同一所述定子槽；
所述定子绕组的极距为τ，所述第二导体的节距的大小为y2，同一槽层两个相邻所述第一导体的间距为L1，相邻所述第二导体的间距为L2，满足：L1＝τ+1或者L1＝τ-1，L2＝2τ-y2。
本发明提出一种电机定子及其应用的电机，可用于解决在同一定子槽内，不同槽层的层数之间的电压差高易导致发卡线圈击穿的问题，可使每一支路绕组的进线端与出线端都布置在定子绕组的同一侧，可以充分利用焊接端的高度。另外，解决每相串联导体数分配的问题，可设计特定功率和扭矩需求的电机。
附图说明
图1为本发明电机定子的结构示意图；
图2为本发明电机定子的发卡端的结构示意图；
图3为本发明电机定子的焊接端的结构示意图；
图4为本发明电机定子中由第一导体组成第一线圈组的结构示意图；
图5为本发明电机定子中由第三导体组成第三线圈组的结构示意图；
图6为本发明电机定子中由第二导体组成第二线圈组的结构示意图；
图7为本发明电机定子的第一导体中第一类导体的结构示意图；
图8为本发明电机定子的第一导体中第二类导体的结构示意图；
图9为本发明电机定子中第三导体的结构示意图；
图10为本发明电机定子中第二导体的结构示意图；
图11为本发明电机定子中定子绕组的布线图；
图12为本发明电机定子中定子绕组的绕线示意图；
图13为本发明电机定子中定子槽的示意图；
图14为本发明电机的结构示意图；
图中：：100、电机定子；200、焊接端；300、定子铁芯；400、发卡端；500、定子绕组；
501、头部；502、直线段部；503、折弯部；
510、第一导体；511、第一类导体；512、第二类导体；
520、第二导体；530、第三导体；600、电机主体。
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式，本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用，本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用，在没有背离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。
需要说明的是，本实施例中所提供的图示仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本构想，遂图式中仅显示与本发明中有关的组件而非按照实际实施时的组件数目、形状及尺寸绘制，其实际实施时各组件的型态、数量及比例可为一种随意的改变，且其组件布局型态也可能更为复杂。
本发明提出一种电机定子及其应用的电机，可以应用到电气伺服传动领域、交通运输领域等，例如本申请的电机定子及其应用的电机可应用到电动汽车中。本申请的发明具有可以解决不同槽层之间的发卡线圈容易发生击穿的现象，导致短路的问题，可以提高电机效率。下面通过具体的实施例对本发明进行详细的描述。
请参阅图1～3所示，本发明提出一种电机定子，在一些实施例中，所述电机定子100可包括有定子铁芯300和定子绕组500。定子铁芯300可开设有多个定子槽，定子槽可形成于定子铁芯300的内表面上。定子槽可沿定子铁芯300的周向方向进行布置，定子槽可在定子铁芯300上以预定的槽距间隔开。如图11和图12所示，多个定子槽在定子铁芯300的周向方向，可分别为第1号定子槽、 第2号定子槽、第3号定子槽、第4号定子槽……,例如定子铁芯300沿周向方向可布置有48个定子槽。如图13所示，每个定子槽可布设有多个槽层，在一些实施例中，每个定子槽可布设有奇数个槽层，例如每个定子槽可布设有5个槽层。例如，5个槽层沿着定子铁芯300的径向内侧到外侧的方向，可依次分别为第1层槽层、第2层槽层、第3层槽层、第4层槽层、第5层槽层，即第1层槽层位于靠近定子槽内部的一侧，第5层槽层位于靠近定子槽外部的一侧。另外，每个定子槽的槽层的具体标号不加以限制，可以从内到外按照1～5的顺序进行布设，也可以从外到内按照1～5的顺序进行布设。
请参阅图4、图7～8，图6和图10，在一些实施例中，定子绕组500可插入到定子槽内，定子绕组500可包括有多个第一导体510和多个第二导体520。其中多个第一导体510可组成第一线圈组，第一线圈组可位于定子铁芯300的定子槽内。多个第二导体520可组成第二线圈组，第二线圈组可位于定子铁芯300的定子槽内。第二线圈组可位于靠近定子槽内部的一侧位置。
请参阅图图4、图7～8，在一些实施例中，第一导体510可包括有头部501、直线段部502和折弯部503。其中直线段部502可用于插入定子槽内，第一导体510的两个直线段部502可用于插入不同的定子槽内。两个直线段部502的一端之间可连接头部501。两个直线段部502的另一端可连接折弯部503。
如参阅图图6和图10，在一些实施例中，第二导体520的结构可与第一导体510的结构相类似。第二导体520可包括有头部501、直线段部502和折弯部503，其中直线段部502可用于插入定子槽内，第二导体520的两个直线段部502可用于插入不同的定子槽内。两个直线段部502的一端之间可连接头部501。两个直线段部502的另一端可连接折弯部503。
下面通过具体的实施例对第一导体510和第二导体520进行详细的描述。
请参阅图图4、图7～8，在一些实施例中，第一导体510可包括有第一类导体511和第二类导体512。其中第一类导体511可包括有头部501、直线段部502 和折弯部503，其中直线段部502可用于插入定子槽内，第一类导体511的两个直线段部502可用于插入不同的定子槽内。两个直线段部502的一端之间可连接头部501。两个直线段部502的另一端可连接折弯部503。
其中第二类导体512可包括有头部501、直线段部502和折弯部503，其中直线段部502可用于插入定子槽内，第二类导体512的两个直线段部502可用于插入不同的定子槽内。两个直线段部502的一端之间可连接头部501。两个直线段部502的另一端可连接折弯部503。第一类导体511和第二类导体512的区别之处在于，第一类导体511的两个折弯部503的延伸方向相同，朝向同一个方向。第二类导体512的两个折弯部的延伸方向相反，朝向相反的方向。
请参阅图6和图10，在一些实施例中，第二导体520可设置有两部分，其中一部分第二导体520的节距可大于定子绕组500的极距，另一部分第二导体520的节距可小于定子绕组500的极距，两部分第二导体520的节距之和的大小可为定子绕组500的极距大小的两倍。例如，定子绕组500的极距为6个槽距的大小，一部分第二导体520的节距可为5个槽距的大小，另一部分第二导体520的节距可为7个槽距的大小。
请参阅图11和图12，在一些实施例中，多个第一导体510的直线段部502可分别位于相邻两层槽层内。其中，第二导体520的直线段部502与第一导体510的直线段部502可位于同一定子槽内。第一导体510的节距的大小可与定子绕组500的极距的大小相同。在一些实施例中，同一槽层相邻的第一导体510的直线段部502的间距，可比定子绕组500的极距相差一个槽距，相邻的两个第二导体520的直线端部502的间距可相同。例如，所述定子绕组的极距为τ，所述第二导体的节距的大小为y2，同一槽层两个相邻所述第一直线段部的间距为L1，相邻所述第二导体的直线端部502的间距为L2，满足L1＝τ+1或者L1＝τ-1，L2＝2τ-y2。
请参阅图1～3、图11和图12所示，在一些实施例中，所述定子铁芯300的 定子槽数可为例如48个。定子绕组500可包括有多个相绕组，多个相绕组在电相位上彼此不同，例如定子绕组500可包括有三个相绕组。其中，每一相绕组可包括有两支路绕组，两支路绕组之间可进行串联或者并联。每一支路绕组可包括有8个磁极，定子绕组的极距可为6个槽距的大小，每极每相槽数为2，q＝z/2pm，q为每极每相槽数，z为定子槽数，2p为电机极数，m为电机相数。
请参阅图1～3、图11和图12所示，第一导体510的节距的大小可与定子绕组500的极距大小相同，可以为6个槽距。同一槽层相邻的第一导体510的直线段部502之间的间距，可为5个槽距或者7个槽距。在一些实施例中，第二导体520的节距的大小可为7个槽距的大小，相邻的两个第二导体520的直线段部502的间距可为5个槽距，节距为7个槽距的第二导体520可沿着定子铁芯300的周向进行布置。在另一些实施例中，第二导体520的节距的大小可为5个槽距的大小，相邻的两个第二导体520的直线段部502的间距可为7个槽距，节距为5个槽距的第二导体520沿着定子铁芯300的周向进行布置。
此时第一导体510和第二导体520不会在同一个定子槽内进行填充，第一导体510和第二导体520在相邻的定子槽内进行填充，可用于解决在同一定子槽内，不同槽层的层数之间的电压差高易导致发卡线圈击穿的问题。
定子绕组500位于第一导体510的头部501和第二导体520的头部501的一端可为发卡端400，定子绕组500位于第一导体510的折弯部503和第二导体520的折弯部503的一端可为焊接端200。
请参阅图1～3、图11和图12所示，在一些实施例中，每一相绕组可包括有两个支路绕组，一部分的第二导体520的节距的大小可为7个槽距，另一部分第二导体520的节距的大小可为5个槽距。一个支路绕组中节距为5个槽距的第二导体520与另一个支路绕组中节距为7个槽距的第二导体520可位于相邻定子槽内。即第一个支路绕组的第二导体520的一个直线段部502与第二个支路绕组的第二导体520的一个直线段部502位于相邻定子槽内时，第一个支路绕组的第二 导体520的另一个直线段部502与第二个支路绕组的第二导体520的另一个直线段部502位于相邻定子槽内，即节距为7个槽距的第二导体520包围节距为5个槽距的第二导体520。
如图11和图12所示，第一个支路绕组的进线端可位于第29号定子槽的第1层槽层时，该支路绕组的出线端可位于第22号定子槽的第1层槽层，第二个支路绕组的进线端可位于第28号定子槽的第一层槽层时，第二个支路绕组的出线端可位于第23号定子槽的第一层槽层。第一个支路绕组的进线端可位于第29号定子槽的第1层槽层时，第二个支路绕组的进线端可位于第28号定子槽的第一层槽层。通过此绕线方式进行绕线，可以优化定子绕组500的每相绕组的绕线结构，此种绕线方式能够使每一支路绕组的进线端与出线端都布置在定子绕组500的同一侧，可以充分利用焊接端200的高度。
两个支路绕组的进线端位于相邻的定子槽内，可使得两个支路绕组的进线端便于进行焊接。同样的，两个支路绕组的出线端位于相邻的定子槽内，便于进行焊接，此时属于两个支路绕组并联连接。在一些实施例中，两个支路绕组也可以实现串联连接，例如可通过导线将一支路绕组的出线端与另一支路绕组的进线端进行连接。将两个支路绕组连接成一相绕组，可进行路数的调整，不容易产生不平衡的电流，可以防止产生环流现象，从而可以防止电机失效。
第二导体520组成第二线圈组，第二线圈组中存在节距为7个槽距的第二导体520位于节距为5个槽距的第二导体520的外侧的情况，即节距为7个槽距的第二导体520包围节距为5个槽距的第二导体520。第一导体510组成第一线圈组，第一线圈组中的第一导体510相互之间处于异面的关系。本发明解决了定子绕组众多线圈嵌套问题，可降低定子线圈折弯部高度，可提高电机效率，改善电机的转矩与功率密度，可规避定子绕组环流，降低损耗，并且可降低嵌套线圈在生产过程中引起的绝缘损坏及高压击穿问题。另外，通过采用奇数层绕组，解决每相串联导体数分配的问题，可设计特定功率和扭矩需求的电机。
请参阅图1～3、图5和图9，在一些实施例中，所述电机定子可包括有第三导体530。在一些实施例中，第三导体530可包括有头部501、直线段部502和折弯部503。其中直线段部502可用于插入定子槽内，第三导体530的两个直线段部502可用于插入不同的定子槽内。两个直线段部502的一端之间可连接头部501。两个直线段部502的另一端可连接折弯部503。第三导体530可组成第三线圈组，第三线圈组可位于第一线圈组和第二线圈组之间，其中，第三线圈组的数量至少为一个。
请参阅图1～3、图5、图9、图11～12，在一些实施例中，第三导体530的直线段部502可分别位于相邻两侧槽层内。第三导体530的节距的大小可与第一导体510的节距的大小相同。第三导体530与第一导体510之间可处于相互平行的关系。所述第三导体的节距为y3，满足y3＝y1。
请参阅图4～10，在一些实施例中，第二导体520的折弯部503的延伸方向相同，第二导体520组成第二线圈组。第二线圈组中的第二导体520的折弯部503的延伸方向相同，可为沿着顺时针方向或者沿着逆时针的方向。第三导体530的折弯部503的延伸方向相反，第三导体530组成第三线圈组，第三线圈组中的第三导体530的一个折弯部503的延伸方向，可为沿着顺时针方向或者沿着逆时针的方向，第三导体530的另一个折弯部503的延伸方向相反。第一导体510可组成第一线圈组，其中一部分第一导体510的折弯部503的延伸方向相同，另一部分第一导体510的折弯部503的延伸方向相反。例如位于相邻第二导体520之间位置处的第一导体510的折弯部503的延伸方向可相反，该部分第一导体510的一个折弯部503在第一线圈组上可沿顺时针或者逆时针延伸，该第一导体510的另一个折弯部503的延伸方向相反。位于第二导体520外侧位置处的第一导体510的折弯部503的延伸方向可相同，该部分第一导体510的折弯部503在第一线圈组上可沿逆时针或者顺时针方向进行延伸。第一导体510的折弯部503延伸方向、第二导体520的折弯部503延伸方向、第三导体530的折弯部503延伸方向并无 具体限定，应满足如图12的布线线路图。
请参阅图14所示，在一些实施例中，本发明还提出一种电机，包括电机定子100和电机主体600，所述电机定子100安装于电机主体600上。所述电机定子100包括定子铁芯300和定子绕组500。其中定子铁芯300可具有定子槽，所述定子槽可包括有若干槽层，所述槽层可沿所述定子铁芯300的径向方向布设。其中定子绕组500可插入到所述定子槽内，所述定子绕组500可包括多个第一导体510和多个第二导体520，所述第一导体510和所述第二导体520可包括两个直线段部。其中，多个所述第一导体510可分别位于相邻两层槽层。所述第二导体520的直线段部与所述第一导体510的直线段部可位于同一所述定子槽内。所述第一导体510的节距的大小与所述定子绕组500的极距的大小相同。同一槽层相邻两个所述第一导体510的直线段部502的间距，可与定子绕组500的极距相差一个槽距。相邻两个所述第二导体520的直线段部502的间距相等。
综上所述，本发明提出一种电机定子及其应用的电机，一支路绕组的导体不会在同一个定子槽内进行填充，可用于解决在同一定子槽内，不同槽层的层数之间的电压差高易导致发卡线圈击穿的问题，可使每一支路绕组的进线端与出线端都布置在定子绕组的同一侧，可以充分利用焊接端的高度。本发明还解决了定子绕组众多线圈嵌套问题，可降低定子线圈折弯部高度，可提高电机效率，改善电机的转矩与功率密度，可规避定子绕组环流，降低损耗，并且可降低嵌套线圈在生产过程中引起的绝缘损坏及高压击穿问题。另外，通过采用奇数层绕组，解决每相串联导体数分配的问题，可设计特定功率和扭矩需求的电机。
以上描述仅为本申请的较佳实施例以及对所运用技术原理的说明，本领域技术人员应当理解，本申请中所涉及的发明范围，并不限于上述技术特征的特定组合而成的技术方案，同时也应涵盖在不脱离所述发明构思的情况下，由上述技术特征或其等同特征进行任意组合而形成的其它技术方案，例如上述特征与本申请中公开的(但不限于)具有类似功能的技术特征进行互相替换而形成的技术方案。
除说明书所述的技术特征外，其余技术特征为本领域技术人员的已知技术，为突出本发明的创新特点，其余技术特征在此不再赘述。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电机定子，其特征在于，包括：
    定子铁芯，具有定子槽，所述定子槽包括有若干槽层；以及
    定子绕组，插入到所述定子槽内，所述定子绕组包括多个第一导体和多个第二导体；
    其中，多个所述第一导体的直线段部分别位于相邻两层槽层，所述第一导体和所述第二导体均包括两个直线段部，所述第二导体的一个直线段部与所述第一导体的一个直线段部位于同一所述定子槽；
    所述定子绕组的极距为τ，所述第二导体的节距的大小为y2，同一槽层两个相邻所述第一导体的间距为L1，相邻所述第二导体的间距为L2，满足：L1＝τ+1或者L1＝τ-1，L2＝2τ-y2。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电机定子，其特征在于，所述定子绕组还包括：
    第三导体，位于所述第一导体和所述第二导体之间，所述第三导体的两个直线段部与所述第一导体的两个直线段部分别位于相同的定子槽，所述第三导体的节距的大小为y3，满足：y3＝y1。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电机定子，其特征在于，所述定子槽内的所述第三导体占据的槽层至少为两层。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电机定子，其特征在于，所述定子绕组包括至少一个相绕组。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电机定子，其特征在于，每一所述相绕组包括至少两个支路绕组，所述支路绕组之间串联连接或者并联连接。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的电机电子，其特征在于，每一所述相绕组包括两个支路绕组，两个所述支路绕组中的所述第二导体的直线段部位于相邻定子槽内。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电机定子，其特征在于，两个所述支路绕组中的所述第一导体的直线段部位于相邻定子槽内。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电机定子，其特征在于，所述第一导体还包括：
    头部，所述第一导体的两个直线段部的一端之间连接所述头部；以及
    折弯部，所述第一导体的两个直线段部的另一端分别连接所述折弯部。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电机定子，其特征在于，位于相邻所述第二导体之间的所述第一导体的折弯部的延伸方向相反，位于所述第二导体外侧的所述第一导体的折弯部的延伸方向相同。
  10. 一种电机，其特征在于，包括：
    电机主体；以及
    电机定子，安装于所述电机主体上，所述电机定子包括：
    定子铁芯，具有定子槽，所述定子槽包括有若干槽层，所述槽层沿所述定子铁芯的径向方向布设；以及
    定子绕组，插入到所述定子槽内，所述定子绕组包括多个第一导体和多个第二导体，所述第一导体和所述第二导体包括两个直线段部；
    其中，多个所述第一导体的直线段部分别位于相邻两层槽层，所述第一导体和所述第二导体均包括两个直线段部，所述第二导体的一个直线段部与所述第一导体的一个直线段部位于同一所述定子槽；
    所述定子绕组的极距为τ，所述第二导体的节距的大小为y2，同一槽层两个相邻所述第一导体的间距为L1，相邻所述第二导体的间距为L2，满足：L1＝τ+1或者L1＝τ-1，L2＝2τ-y2。
PCT/CN2023/079299 2022-03-29 2023-03-02 一种电机定子及其应用的电机 WO2023185367A1 (zh)

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