WO2023178790A1 - 一种电池预锂化工艺 - Google Patents

一种电池预锂化工艺 Download PDF

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WO2023178790A1
WO2023178790A1 PCT/CN2022/089791 CN2022089791W WO2023178790A1 WO 2023178790 A1 WO2023178790 A1 WO 2023178790A1 CN 2022089791 W CN2022089791 W CN 2022089791W WO 2023178790 A1 WO2023178790 A1 WO 2023178790A1
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battery
lithium
prelithiation
electrolyte
process according
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PCT/CN2022/089791
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English (en)
French (fr)
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孔德钰
郇庆娜
孙兆勇
陈强
牟瀚波
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天津中能锂业有限公司
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Priority to JP2024507932A priority Critical patent/JP2024528296A/ja
Priority to KR1020247011999A priority patent/KR20240055108A/ko
Publication of WO2023178790A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023178790A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of lithium batteries, and in particular relates to a battery prelithiation process.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have become one of the widely used electrochemical energy storage systems due to their high energy density, high operating voltage and no memory effect.
  • the commonly used graphite anode cannot fully meet the market demand for high energy density batteries due to its relatively low capacity (372mAh g -1 ).
  • researchers have been looking for new anode materials with the advantages of ideal potential range, higher capacity, excellent rate performance, and long cycle life. However, these materials all suffer from the disadvantage of large initial loss of active lithium. Therefore, the research on prelithiation technology has become an important research direction.
  • the method of adding lithium source to the negative electrode has strict conditions, which will inevitably increase the manufacturing cost. Moreover, the high reactivity of the pre-embedded lithium negative electrode has safety issues, making large-scale application difficult to achieve. After the lithium source material added to the positive electrode releases lithium ions, the remaining materials will be inert materials or even insulating materials, which will not be conducive to improving the overall energy density of the battery.
  • the additional lithium source added during the negative electrode homogenization process is generally stable lithium metal powder (SLMP) produced by FMC Corporation (USA).
  • the sacrificial electrode method has high relative practicability, but it needs to add a step of assembling metal foil in the battery assembly process.
  • a working voltage is applied between the metal lithium electrode and the negative electrode.
  • This metallic lithium electrode does not participate in battery operation. After prelithiation is completed, the metallic lithium electrode will not be removed, which will result in a reduction in the energy density of the battery.
  • the present invention provides a prelithiation process that is easy to operate, highly safe, and highly applicable.
  • the invention provides a battery prelithiation process, which includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Provide a lithium source half-battery.
  • the lithium-source half-battery includes a single electrode, an electrolyte, and a shell that encapsulates the single electrode and the electrolyte.
  • the shell is provided with an external conduit in fluid communication with the interior of the shell and a user interface.
  • a microfluidic pump for controlling the flow of fluid in an external conduit; wherein the electrode active material of the single electrode is a lithium-containing metal or a lithium-containing oxide;
  • Step 2 Provide a battery to be prelithiated, and drill holes in the battery to be prelithiated to form prelithiation channels;
  • Step 3 Connect the external conduit to the pre-lithiation channel, and turn on the microfluidic pump to achieve circulation between the lithium source half-cell and the electrolyte of the battery to be pre-lithiated;
  • Step 4 Connect the electrode of the lithium source half-cell and the negative electrode of the battery to be prelithiated to an external power supply, and perform prelithiation on the battery to be prelithiated;
  • Step 5 After prelithiation, remove the external conduit, seal the prelithiation channel, and obtain a prelithiation battery.
  • the lithium-containing oxide includes lithium iron phosphate, lithium iron manganese phosphate, lithium titanate, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ), LiMnO 2 , lithium nickel oxide, nickel manganate Lithium, nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary materials, nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary materials and perlithium compounds;
  • the lithium-containing metals include metallic lithium and alloys of lithium and at least one of the following elements: Ag, Al, Au, Ba, Be , Bi, B, C, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Ga, Ge, Hf, Hg, In, Ir, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, Na, Nb, Ni, Pt, Pu , Rb, Rh, S, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ta, Te, Ti, V, Y, Zn, Zr, Pb, Pd, Sb and Cu.
  • the prelithiation channels are located at the upper end and/or lower end of the battery, and the channel diameter is 1 mm to 10 mm.
  • the prelithiation process is controlled by adjusting the inter-electrode current, ambient temperature, prelithiation time and microfluidic pump speed.
  • the current applied in step four is 1 mA to 5000 mA.
  • the prelithiation temperature is 35°C to 65°C, with a preferred temperature of 45°C.
  • the prelithiation time ranges from 1 hour to 240 hours.
  • the rotation speed of the microfluidic pump is 1 to 30 rpm.
  • the electrolytes in the lithium source half-cell and the battery to be prelithiated are the same or different (preferably the same), and each is selected from an ester electrolyte or an ether electrolyte.
  • the ester electrolyte includes ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), etc.
  • the ether electrolyte includes diphenyl ether, ethylene glycol dipropionitrile ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME), dioxane (DOL), methyl nonafluoro-n-butyl ether, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, etc.
  • the negative active material of the battery to be prelithiated includes carbon materials (graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, graphene, etc.), silicon, silicon oxide, lithium titanate, metal organic framework materials, co- Valent organic framework materials and their composites.
  • two external conduits are provided on the casing of the lithium source half-cell.
  • the pre-lithiation process is simple to operate.
  • the materials used in the pre-lithiation process are stable and highly safe.
  • the pre-lithiumization process uses an external lithium source, which is similar to the "infusion" of the battery to be pre-lithiated and has strong applicability.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of prelithiation using a lithium source half-cell in the present invention
  • Figure 2 is the charge and discharge capacity curve of battery D1 in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is the charge and discharge capacity curve of battery D2 in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the prelithiation process of the present invention is shown in Figure 1.
  • a lithium source half cell is provided.
  • the lithium source half cell includes a single electrode 2, an electrolyte 3 and a shell (packaging material) 1 for encapsulating the single electrode and electrolyte.
  • the housing 1 is provided with an external conduit 4 in fluid communication with the interior of the housing and a microfluidic pump 5 used to control the flow of fluid in the external conduit.
  • prelithiation channels are drilled at the upper end and/or lower end of the battery 6 to be prelithiated, and the lithium source half-cell and the battery to be prelithiated are connected through external conduits.
  • the lithium source half-cell and the battery to be prelithiated become a connected device.
  • the flow of electrolyte between the batteries is realized through the control of the microfluidic pump, thereby realizing the circulation of the electrolyte.
  • a lithium-copper composite tape is used as the single electrode of the lithium source half-cell, and an ordinary ester electrolyte (specifically, the lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, and the solvent is ethylene carbonate) is used as the electrolyte of the lithium source half-cell, and an aluminum-plastic film is used for the single electrode.
  • the electrodes and electrolyte are packaged, and external conduits are set on the aluminum plastic film.
  • Lithium cobalt oxide is used as the positive electrode active material
  • polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is used as the binder
  • conductive carbon (SP) is used as the conductive agent.
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • the positive electrode sheet the negative electrode sheet to be replenished with lithium and the separator stack coated with a ceramic layer.
  • the stacking process needs to be completed in a drying room with a dew point of -50°C.
  • the battery core is placed into an aluminum plastic bag for side sealing.
  • Battery Assemble 6 batteries, and the battery numbers are recorded as D1 to D6.
  • the Coulombic efficiency of battery D1 without prelithiation is 64.7%.
  • the charge and discharge capacity curve of battery D1 is shown in Figure 2. It can be seen from the figure that there is a large difference between the charge capacity and discharge capacity of battery D1. This is due to the formation of a solid electrolyte film on the surface of the negative electrode during the first discharge process. Caused by the consumption of lithium ions in the positive electrode. After battery D2 is pre-lithiated, the discharge capacity of the battery is significantly improved.
  • the charge and discharge curve of battery D2 is shown in Figure 3. From the figure, it can be seen that after battery D2 is pre-lithiated, the charging capacity of the battery is 290mAh.
  • the discharge capacity of the battery is 238mAh, and the Coulombic efficiency of the battery is 81%, indicating that prelithiation makes up for the lithium ions consumed by the formation of a solid electrolyte film on the surface of the negative electrode during the first discharge process, improving the Coulombic efficiency of battery D2.
  • Prelithiation The craftsmanship is effective. After the pre-lithiation time was extended from 60min to 120min, the Coulombic efficiency of battery D3 was 100%, which shows that under this pre-lithiation condition, the lithium ions consumed when battery D3 was first discharged were completely replenished, and the battery was no longer consumed during the first charge and discharge. Lithium ions in cathode materials.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种电池预锂化工艺，包括：步骤一、提供锂源半电池，所述锂源半电池包括单电极、电解液和封装所述单电极和电解液的外壳，在所述外壳上设有与外壳内部流体连通的外接导管和用于控制流体在外接导管中流动的微流泵；步骤二、提供待预锂化电池，并且在所述待预锂化电池上打孔形成预锂化孔道；步骤三、将外接导管连接至预锂化孔道，并开启微流泵，使得锂源半电池和待预锂化电池的电解液之间实现循环；步骤四、将锂源半电池的电极和待预锂化电池的负极与外接电源连接，对待预锂化电池进行预锂化；步骤五、在预锂化后移除外接导管，封闭预锂化孔道，得到预锂化的电池。本发明的预锂化工艺操作简单，安全性高，适用性强。

Description

一种电池预锂化工艺 技术领域
本发明属于锂电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池预锂化工艺。
背景技术
锂离子电池(LIBs)由于具备高能量密度、高工作电压和无记忆效应等特点成为广泛应用的电化学储能系统之一。但是由于其常用的石墨负极由于容量相对较低(372mAh g -1)，不能完全满足市场对高能量密度电池的需求。研究人员一直在寻找具有理想的电势范围、更高的容量、优异的倍率性能以及长的循环寿命等优势的新型负极材料，但这些材料均具有初始活性锂损失较大这一不足。因此预锂化技术研究成为一个重要的研究方向。
目前的预锂化工艺有四种类型，分别是负极中加入锂源、正极中加入锂源、牺牲电极法和加入额外的锂源。在负极中加入锂源的方法条件严苛，将不可避免地增加制造成本，且预嵌锂负极的高反应性存在安全问题，规模化的应用难以实现。正极中加入的锂源材料释放锂离子后，剩余材料将会是惰性材料，甚至是绝缘材料，这将不利于提高电池整体的能量密度。在负极匀浆过程中加入的额外锂源，一般为FMC Corporation(美国)生产的稳定的锂金属粉末(SLMP)，但该方法易引起短路，且锂金属粉末具有很大的安全隐患。牺牲电极法具有较高的相对实用性，但在电池组装过程中需增加一个组装金属箔的步骤，对电池预锂化时，给金属锂电极和负极之间施加工作电压，电池正常工作时，该金属锂电极不参与电池运行。在预锂化完成后，该金属锂电极不会被移除，这将导致电池的能量密度的降低。
综上所述，确有必要提供一种操作简单、安全性高、适用性强的电池预锂化工艺。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种操作简便、安全性高、适用性强的预锂化工艺。
为达到以上目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
本发明提供了一种电池预锂化工艺，包括如下步骤：
步骤一、提供锂源半电池，所述锂源半电池包括单电极、电解液和封装所述单电极和电解液的外壳，在所述外壳上设有与外壳内部流体连通的外接导管和用于控制流体在外接导管中流动的微流泵；其中所述单电极的电极活性物质为含锂金属或含锂氧化物；
步骤二、提供待预锂化电池，并且在所述待预锂化电池上打孔形成预锂化孔道；
步骤三、将所述外接导管连接至所述预锂化孔道，并开启微流泵，使得所述锂源半电池和所述待预锂化电池的电解液之间实现循环；
步骤四、将所述锂源半电池的电极和所述待预锂化电池的负极与外接电源连接，对所述待预锂化电池进行预锂化；
步骤五、在预锂化后移除外接导管，封闭预锂化孔道，得到预锂化的电池。
在一些实施方式中，所述含锂氧化物包括磷酸铁锂、磷酸铁锰锂、钛酸锂、钴酸锂、锰酸锂(LiMn 2O 4)、LiMnO 2、镍酸锂、镍锰酸锂、镍钴锰三元材料、镍钴铝三元材料及过锂化物；所述含锂金属包括金属锂及锂与以下元素中的至少一种的合金：Ag、Al、Au、Ba、Be、Bi、B、C、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cs、Fe、Ga、Ge、Hf、Hg、In、Ir、K、Mg、Mn、Mo、N、Na、Nb、Ni、Pt、Pu、Rb、Rh、S、Se、Si、Sn、Sr、Ta、Te、Ti、V、Y、Zn、Zr、Pb、Pd、Sb和Cu。
在一些实施方式中，所述的预锂化孔道位于电池的上端和/或下端，孔道直径为1mm至10mm。
在一些实施方式中，所述预锂化过程通过调节电极间电流、环境温度、预锂化时间和微流泵转速来控制。
在一些实施方式中，所述步骤四中施加的电流为1mA至5000mA。
在一些实施方式中，预锂化温度为35℃至65℃，优选温度为45℃.
在一些实施方式中，预锂化时间为1小时至240小时。
在一些实施方式中，微流泵的转速为1rpm至30rpm。
在一些实施方式中，所述锂源半电池和所述待预锂化电池中的电解液相同或不同(优选相同)，各自选自酯类电解液或者醚类电解液。
在一些实施方式中，酯类电解液包括碳酸乙烯酯(EC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)等。
在一些实施方式中，醚类电解液包括二苯醚、乙二醇双丙腈醚、乙二醇二甲醚(DME)、二氧五环(DOL)、甲基九氟正丁基醚、1,1,2,2-四氟乙基-2,2,3,3-四氟丙基醚等。
在一些实施方式中，所述待预锂化电池的负极活性材料包括碳材料(石墨、硬碳、软碳、石墨烯等)、硅、氧化亚硅、钛酸锂、金属有机框架材料、共价有机框架材料及它们的复合物。
在一些实施方式中，锂源半电池的外壳上设有2个外接导管。
本发明的预锂化工艺至少包括以下优势：
1、预锂化工艺操作过程简便。
2、预锂化过程中使用的材料稳定，安全性高。
3、预锂化工艺采用外接式锂源，类似于给待预锂化电池“输液”，适用性强。
附图说明
图1是本发明中使用锂源半电池进行预锂化的示意图；
图2是本发明实施例1电池D1的充放电容量曲线；
图3是本发明实施例2电池D2的充放电容量曲线。
具体实施方式
本发明的预锂化工艺如图1所示，首先提供锂源半电池，所述锂源半电池包括单电极2、电解液3和封装所述单电极和电解液的外壳(封装材料)1，在所述外壳1上设有与外壳内部流体连通的外接导管4和用于控制流体在外接导管中流动的微流泵5。然后，在待预锂化电池6的上端和/或下端打预锂化孔道，并通过外接导管连接锂源半电池和待预锂化电池。对外接导管连接处封闭后，锂源半电池与待预锂化电池变为一个连通装置，通过微流泵的控制实现电解液在电池间的流动，进而实现电解液的循环。将锂源半电池的电极和待预锂化电池的负极通过导线7与外接电源8连接，即可对待预锂化电池进行预锂化。
制备锂源半电池
采用锂铜复合带作为锂源半电池的单电极，采用普通酯类电解液(具体地，锂盐为六氟磷酸锂，溶剂为碳酸乙烯酯)作为锂源半电池的电解液，采用铝塑膜对单电极和电解液进行封装，铝塑膜上设置外接导管。
制备正极片
将钴酸锂作为正极活性材料、将聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)作为粘结剂、导电碳(SP)作为导电剂，按照正极活性物质：PVDF:SP＝95:3:2(质量比)的比例溶于N-甲基吡洛烷酮(NMP)中，搅拌均匀制成正极浆料，然后均匀的涂布在铜箔上，烘干制得正极片。
制备待补锂的负极片：
将导电碳(SP)作为电子导电材料、将硅碳复合材料(氧化亚硅：碳＝55:45(质量比)，硅碳复合材料的首效较低约为65％)作为离子导电材料、将羧甲基纤维素(CMC)作为聚合物，按照比例溶于去离子水中，搅拌均匀制成浆料，其中SP:硅碳复合材料:CMC＝8:85:7(质量比)。然后将浆料均匀涂布在铜箔上并烘干，负极膜片的水含量低于200ppm，经过热压、切片后制得待补锂的负极片。
使用上述正极片、待补锂的负极片和涂覆陶瓷层的隔膜叠片，叠片过程需在露点为-50℃的干燥间完成。叠片完成后将电芯放入铝塑袋中进行侧封。加注电解液(六氟磷酸锂(LiPF 6)浓度为1mol/L，溶剂比例为碳酸乙烯酯：碳酸甲乙酯：碳酸二乙酯＝1：1：1)，进行顶封，得到待预锂化的电池。装配电池6只，电池编号分别记作D1至D6。
实施例1
取电池D1进行充放电测试，并记录电池的充电容量和放电容量，计算电池库伦效率。
实施例2
取电池D2，在电池上端和下端打预锂化孔道，并于锂源半电池相连接。开启微流泵使两电池间电解液循环往复。此时，锂源半电池与待预锂化电池负极间电流设置为50mA，环境温度为45℃，微流泵转速为10rpm，预锂化时间为60min。
实施例3
取电池D3，在电池上端和下端打预锂化孔道，并于锂源半电池相连接。开启微流泵使两电池间电解液循环往复。此时，锂源半电池与待预锂化电池负极间电流设置为50mA，环境温度为45℃，微流泵转速为10rpm，预锂化时间为120min。
实施例4
取电池D4，在电池上端和下端打预锂化孔道，并于锂源半电池相连接。开启微流泵使两电池间电解液循环往复。此时，锂源半电池与待预锂化电池负极间电流设置为50mA，环境温度为45℃，微流泵转速为20rpm，预锂化时间为60min。
实施例5
取电池D5，在电池上端和下端打预锂化孔道，并于锂源半电池相连接。开启微流泵使两电池间电解液循环往复。此时，锂源半电池与待预锂化电池负极间电流设置为50mA，环境温度为55℃，微流泵转速为10rpm，预锂化时间为60min。
实施例6
取电池D6，在电池上端和下端打预锂化孔道，并于锂源半电池相连接。开启微流泵使两电池间电解液循环往复。此时，锂源半电池与待预锂化电池负极间电流设置为200mA，环境温度为45℃，微流泵转速为10rpm，预锂化时间为10min。
统计各实施例电池预锂化条件，列于表1，并计算各实施例电池的库伦效率。
表1、各实施例预锂化条件及库伦效率
Figure PCTCN2022089791-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022089791-appb-000002
从表1可以看出，未进行预锂化的电池D1的库伦效率分别是64.7％。电池D1的充放电容量曲线如图2所示，从图中可以看出，电池D1的充电容量与放电容量之间存在较大差异，这是由于首次放电过程中，负极表面形成固态电解质膜，消耗了正极中的锂离子所致。电池D2进行预锂化后，电池的放电容量明显得到提升，电池D2的充放电曲线如图3所示，从图中可以看出，电池D2进行预锂化后，电池的充电容量是290mAh，而电池的放电容量是238mAh，电池的库伦效率为81％，说明预锂化弥补了首次放电过程中，负极表面形成固态电解质膜所消耗的锂离子，提高了电池D2的库伦效率，预锂化工艺是有效的。预锂化时间从60min延长至120min后，电池D3的库伦效率为100％，这说明在该预锂化条件下，电池D3首次放电时消耗的锂离子被完全补充，电池首次充放电不再消耗正极材料中的锂离子。
相对延长预锂化时间，提高微流泵转速和提高环境温度对库伦效率提升较少，主要是因为提高微流泵转速和环境温度，利于电解液中锂离子扩散，但对电池容量的贡献微乎其微。从电池D6也可以看出，增加预锂化电流后，可以在较短的时间内完成电池预锂化。
可以理解的是，在本发明的实施例中，虽然结合了具体的正负极活性物质、集流体、电解液、隔膜、粘结剂和导电剂详细描述了本发明一种预锂化工艺，但是，以上仅仅是为了满足法律要件而作出的描述，本发明并不局限于给定的实施例。本领域的技术人员可以根据说明书的揭示和教导，通过适当的操作即可完成预锂化工艺的复制。
根据上述说明书的揭示和教导，本发明所属领域的技术人员可以对上述实施方式进行适当的变更和修改。因此，本发明并不局限于上面揭示和描述的具体实施方式，对本发明的一些修改和变更也应当落入本发明的权利要求的保护范围内。此外，尽管本说明书中使用了一些特定的术语，但这些术语只是为了方便说明，并不对本发明构成任何限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池预锂化工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    步骤一、提供锂源半电池，所述锂源半电池包括单电极、电解液和封装所述单电极和电解液的外壳，在所述外壳上设有与外壳内部流体连通的外接导管和用于控制流体在外接导管中流动的微流泵；其中所述单电极的电极活性物质为含锂金属或含锂氧化物；
    步骤二、提供待预锂化电池，并且在所述待预锂化电池上打孔形成预锂化孔道；
    步骤三、将所述外接导管连接至所述预锂化孔道，并开启微流泵，使所述锂源半电池和所述待预锂化电池的电解液之间实现循环；
    步骤四、将所述锂源半电池的电极和所述待预锂化电池的负极与外接电源连接，对所述待预锂化电池进行预锂化；
    步骤五、在预锂化后移除外接导管，封闭预锂化孔道，得到预锂化的电池。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池预锂化工艺，其特征在于，所述含锂氧化物包括磷酸铁锂、磷酸铁锰锂、钛酸锂、钴酸锂、锰酸锂(LiMn 2O 4)、LiMnO 2、镍酸锂、镍锰酸锂、镍钴锰三元材料、镍钴铝三元材料及过锂化物；所述含锂金属包括金属锂及锂与以下元素中的至少一种的合金：Ag、Al、Au、Ba、Be、Bi、B、C、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cs、Fe、Ga、Ge、Hf、Hg、In、Ir、K、Mg、Mn、Mo、N、Na、Nb、Ni、Pt、Pu、Rb、Rh、S、Se、Si、Sn、Sr、Ta、Te、Ti、V、Y、Zn、Zr、Pb、Pd、Sb和Cu。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池预锂化工艺，其特征在于，所述的预锂化孔道位于电池的上端和/或下端，孔道直径为1mm至10mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池预锂化工艺，其特征在于，所述预锂化过程通过调节电极间电流、环境温度、预锂化时间和微流泵转速来控制。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池预锂化工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤四中施加的电流为1mA至5000mA。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的电池预锂化工艺，其特征在于，预锂化温度为35℃至65℃，优选温度为45℃；预锂化时间为1小时至240小时。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的电池预锂化工艺，其特征在于，所述的微流泵的转速为1rpm至30rpm。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电池预锂化工艺，其特征在于，所述锂源半电池和所述待预锂化电池中的电解液相同或不同，各自选自酯类电解液或者醚类电解液。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电池预锂化工艺，其特征在于，所述待预锂化电池的负极活性材料包括碳材料、硅、氧化亚硅、钛酸锂、金属有机框架材料、共价有机框架材料及它们的复合物。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电池预锂化工艺，其特征在于，所述锂源半电池的外壳上设有2个外接导管。
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