WO2023174196A1 - 一种通信装置及基站天馈系统 - Google Patents

一种通信装置及基站天馈系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023174196A1
WO2023174196A1 PCT/CN2023/081009 CN2023081009W WO2023174196A1 WO 2023174196 A1 WO2023174196 A1 WO 2023174196A1 CN 2023081009 W CN2023081009 W CN 2023081009W WO 2023174196 A1 WO2023174196 A1 WO 2023174196A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
communication device
blade
rotation axis
blades
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/081009
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
肖伟宏
道坚丁九
坤帕纳斯海诺
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Publication of WO2023174196A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023174196A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/30—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/34—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures
    • F03D9/43—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures using infrastructure primarily used for other purposes, e.g. masts for overhead railway power lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular, to a communication device and a base station antenna system.
  • This application provides a communication device and a base station antenna feed system to increase the surface space of the antenna and improve the coverage income and capacity income of the antenna.
  • the space of the antenna and power generation components is reused, which improves the utilization of the space. Use wind energy to generate electricity, reduce carbon emissions, and improve the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction.
  • the present application provides a communication device, which includes a power generation component, an antenna and a fixed component.
  • the above-mentioned power generation component includes a blade and a generator, and the rotating shaft of the blade is connected to the generator. The blades rotate under the influence of wind energy, driving the generator to generate electricity.
  • the above-mentioned blades, generators and antennas are mounted to the fixing assembly, and the fixing assembly is used to mount the blades, generators and antennas to the mounting frame.
  • the antenna is arranged around the rotation axis of the blade. In this solution, the antennas can be distributed in a distributed manner.
  • the rotation axis of the blade passes through the hollow.
  • the wind-receiving area of each part of the antenna is small, which can effectively reduce the wind load of the antenna. While the wind load of the antenna is reduced, the area of the antenna's mouth space can be increased, which is conducive to the design of a very large antenna array ELAA and enhances the coverage income and capacity income of the antenna.
  • the farther the distance between the antenna and the rotation axis of the blade is the larger the total size of the antenna can be set, which means that more radiating element arrays can be set.
  • the blades and the antenna of the power generation assembly can share the oral surface space, thereby realizing oral surface reuse, saving the oral surface space, and improving the utilization rate and profit of the oral surface space.
  • the power generation components use wind energy to generate electricity, which can reduce carbon emissions and improve the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction.
  • the maximum distance between the edge of the antenna facing away from the rotation axis of the blade and the rotation axis is less than or equal to twice the rotation radius of the blade.
  • the above-mentioned radius of rotation refers to the distance between the edge of the blade away from the axis of rotation and the above-mentioned axis of rotation.
  • the minimum distance between the edge of the antenna facing the rotation axis of the blade and the rotation axis is greater than or equal to 0.5 times the rotation radius of the blade.
  • the side of the antenna facing the rotation axis has a side surface, and the angle between the side surface and the rotation surface of the blade is greater than 90°.
  • the side of the antenna is equivalent to the guide surface of the blade, so that the wind blowing to the antenna can be blown to the blade under the guidance of the side, thereby increasing the wind force received by the blade and improving the power generation efficiency of the power generation component.
  • the shape of the above-mentioned side surfaces is not limited and can be a flat surface or a curved surface.
  • the above-mentioned side surfaces can be curved surfaces to improve the wind guiding effect.
  • the above-mentioned curved surface may specifically be an arc surface or a parabolic surface.
  • the above antenna can be arranged on the same plane as the blades, or can be arranged on a different plane from the blades, and can be designed according to requirements. Specifically, when the antenna and the blade are arranged on the same plane, it means that the projection of the blade on the rotation axis and the projection of the antenna on the rotation axis at least partially overlap. At this time, the coverage of the antenna is wide and the working efficiency of the blade is high.
  • the shape of the above-mentioned antenna can be a circular ring or a regular polygonal ring.
  • the antenna has a symmetrical structure, which can make the wind load on the antenna more symmetrical and less likely to be damaged due to uneven force, which is beneficial to extending the service life of the antenna.
  • the above-mentioned antenna may have a centrally symmetrical structure, and the symmetry center of the antenna is located on the rotation axis of the blade. This is equivalent to setting the blades and the antenna concentrically.
  • the antenna and the blade are located on different planes, and the antenna will block part of the wind.
  • the antenna and the blade are arranged concentrically, and the cooperation between the antenna and the blade can make the blade receive uniform force at various positions.
  • the antenna and the blade do not overlap, that is to say, the antenna is completely arranged outside the blade, the antenna and the blade can be arranged on the same plane, and there is no structural interference between the blade and the antenna, thereby maximizing the use of the port. Facial space, improve the utilization efficiency of oral and facial space.
  • the antenna can be of an integrated structure, which facilitates the installation of the above-mentioned antenna on the mounting frame.
  • the above-mentioned antenna may also include at least two sub-antennas, and the above-mentioned at least two sub-antennas are respectively installed to the fixed component through an adapter, and then installed to the mounting bracket. That is to say, if there is no fixed connection between different sub-antennas, and the sub-antennas are independently installed on the mounting bracket, the radiation directions of the sub-antennas can be adjusted separately through the above-mentioned adapter.
  • the antenna in the embodiment of the present application can flexibly adjust the radiation direction of each sub-antenna according to the actual application scenario, so as to enrich the application scenarios of the antenna and improve the radiation range of the antenna.
  • the at least two sub-antennas are specifically arranged, the at least two sub-antennas are arranged in a ring around the rotation axis of the blade, but adjacent sub-antennas do not need to be fixedly connected to each other.
  • the ring shape formed by the at least two sub-antennas may be a circular ring shape or a polygonal ring shape.
  • the shape of the above-mentioned sub-antenna may be linear or arc-shaped, which refers to the shape in the extension direction of the sub-antenna.
  • the sub-antennas When the sub-antennas are linear, the sub-antennas can be arranged in a polygonal ring around the rotation axis of the blade.
  • the sub-antennas When the sub-antennas are arc-shaped, and the center of the arc faces the direction of the rotation axis of the blade, the sub-antennas can be arranged in a circular ring around the rotation axis of the blade.
  • the two sub-antennas When the antenna includes two sub-antennas, the two sub-antennas may be arc-shaped sub-antennas, or may be semi-circular sub-antennas, and may be arranged in a circular shape.
  • the above-mentioned antenna includes a first radiating element array and a second radiating element array, and the working frequency band of the above-mentioned first radiating element array is different from the working frequency band of the second radiating element array.
  • the antennas in this technical solution can work in different radiation frequency bands and support communication systems of different standards.
  • the fixed component includes a fixed rod and a fixed rotating shaft.
  • the fixed rotating shaft and the fixed rod are coaxially connected.
  • the fixed rotating shaft and the fixed rod are relatively fixed in the axial direction and rotate relative to each other in the circumferential direction.
  • the blades are fixedly installed on the fixed rotating shaft, and when the blades rotate, the fixed rotating shaft is driven to rotate relative to the fixed rod.
  • the antenna is fixedly connected to the fixed rod, so the rotation of the blade has no effect on the antenna.
  • the number of blades of the power generation component is not limited. For example, it may include three blades, or a larger number of blades. Multiple blades can be evenly distributed to improve the uniformity of force on the power generation components.
  • the material of the blade can be selected according to the demand.
  • the blade can be made of metal material to increase the strength of the blade and extend the service life of the blade.
  • the above-mentioned blades may be made of dielectric material to reduce the influence of the blades on the antenna signal.
  • the power generation assembly may also include a speed change device connected to the rotation of the blades and located between the blades and the generator.
  • the transmission device is used to adjust the rotational speed transmitted from the rotating shaft of the blade to the generator, and then to the generator for generating electricity. This can make the power generation rate of the generator more stable and help improve the power generation efficiency.
  • the power generation assembly may also include a braking device connected to the rotation of the blades and located between the blades and the generator.
  • the braking device is used to brake the rotation of the blades. For example, when the wind is too strong, in order to prevent the blades from being damaged, the blades are braked to extend the service life of the blades.
  • the power generation component may also include a power storage device and a power management device.
  • the power storage device is electrically connected to the generator and used to store the electricity generated by the generator.
  • the power management device is electrically connected to the power storage device and the generator respectively, and is used to control the power generated by the generator to be stored in the power storage device, or to supply power to other equipment connected to the generator, or to control the purpose of storing power in the power storage device, etc. .
  • the above-mentioned power generation component is electrically connected to the antenna and used to provide power to the antenna.
  • the electricity generated by the power generation component in the communication device is directly provided to the antenna. It can reduce carbon emissions in the field of wireless communications and reduce the consumption of non-renewable resources.
  • the above-mentioned fixing component may include a connecting rod, which is a hollow connecting rod.
  • the connecting rod is a hollow connecting rod, the weight of the fixed component can be reduced while ensuring that the connecting rod has strong strength.
  • the present application provides a base station antenna system.
  • the base station antenna system includes the communication device of the first aspect on a mounting frame, and the communication device is installed on the mounting frame.
  • the antenna of the base station antenna feed system has a larger surface space, and the antenna has higher coverage and capacity benefits.
  • the space reuse of the antenna and power generation components is achieved, improving the utilization of the space. Use wind energy to generate electricity, reduce carbon emissions, and improve the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture applicable to the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a possible structural schematic diagram of a base station antenna feed system in an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the composition of an antenna in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a communication device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a forward structural schematic diagram of a communication device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a lateral structural schematic diagram of a communication device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is another forward structural schematic diagram of a communication device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is another lateral structural schematic diagram of a communication device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is another lateral structural schematic diagram of a communication device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a side cross-sectional view of the communication device in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is another forward structural schematic diagram of a communication device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is a forward structural schematic diagram of the antenna and fixed components in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is a structural schematic diagram of a fixed rod in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is a structural schematic diagram of a fixed rotating shaft in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 15 is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the fixing component in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a power generation component in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 17 is a possible structural schematic diagram of the base station antenna feed system in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic structural diagram of another possible structure of the base station antenna system in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture applicable to the embodiment of the present application.
  • this application scenario may include a base station antenna system and a terminal. Wireless communication can be achieved between the base station antenna system and the terminal.
  • the base station antenna system can also be called access network equipment, and can be located in the base station subsystem (base btation bubsystem, BBS), terrestrial radio access network (UMTS terrestrial radio access network, UTRAN) or the evolved terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN).
  • BBS base btation bubsystem
  • UMTS terrestrial radio access network UTRAN
  • UTRAN evolved terrestrial radio access network
  • E-UTRAN evolved universal terrestrial radio access
  • the base station antenna system can be a base transceiver station (BTS) in the global system for mobile communication (GSM) or code division multiple access (CDMA) system, or it can be a broadband wideband code division multiple access Access, WCDMA) system NodeB (NodeB, NB), it can also be an evolutionary NodeB (evolutional NodeB, eNB or eNodeB) in a long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) system, or it can be a cloud wireless access Wireless controller in network (cloud radio access network, CRAN) scenario.
  • BTS base transceiver station
  • GSM global system for mobile communication
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • WCDMA broadband wideband code division multiple access Access
  • NodeB NodeB
  • eNB long term evolution
  • LTE long term evolution
  • CRAN cloud radio access network
  • the base station antenna system can also be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a g-node (gNodeB or gNB) in a new radio (NR) system or an access network in a future evolved network.
  • Equipment, etc. are not limited by the embodiments of this application.
  • FIG. 2 is a possible structural schematic diagram of a base station antenna system in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the base station antenna system can generally include a communication device 1, a mounting frame 2 and other structures.
  • the communication device 1 specifically includes an antenna 11, a fixed component 12 and a power generation component 13.
  • the above-mentioned antenna 11 and the power generation component 13 can be installed on the mounting frame 2 through the fixing component 12 to facilitate the reception or transmission of signals from the antenna 11 of the communication device 1.
  • the power generation component uses wind energy to generate electricity.
  • the above-mentioned mounting frame 2 may be a pole or an iron tower.
  • Figure 2 only illustrates the components that the base station antenna system may include, as well as a positional relationship of each component. In other embodiments, the base station antenna system may also include other components, or the positional relationship of the components may be different from that shown in Figure 2 .
  • the above-mentioned antenna 11 may also include a radome 111.
  • the radome 111 has good electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics in terms of electrical performance and can withstand the influence of external harsh environments in terms of mechanical performance, thereby protecting the communication device 1. protection from external environmental influences.
  • the base station antenna system may also include a remote radio unit 3 and a baseband processing unit 4.
  • the baseband processing unit 4 can be connected to the antenna 11 through the radio frequency remote unit 3 .
  • the baseband processing unit 4 can be connected to the feed network of the communication device 1 through the radio frequency remote unit 3 .
  • the radio frequency remote unit 3 can also be called a radio frequency remote unit (RRU), and the baseband processing unit 4 can also be called a baseband unit (BBU).
  • RRU radio frequency remote unit
  • BBU baseband unit
  • the radio frequency remote unit 3 and the baseband processing unit 4 can also be located at the far end of the antenna 11 at the same time.
  • the radio frequency remote unit 3 and the baseband processing unit 4 can be connected through a transmission line 5 .
  • FIG. 2 is only an example of the positional relationship between the radio frequency remote unit 3 and the antenna 11 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the composition of an antenna according to a possible embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna 11 may include a radiation element array 112 and a reflection plate 113 .
  • the above-mentioned radiating element array 112 may also be called an antenna element, an oscillator, etc., which can effectively transmit or receive antenna signals.
  • the frequencies of different radiating element arrays 112 may be the same or different.
  • the reflective plate 113 may also be called a bottom plate, an antenna panel, a reflective surface, etc., and may be made of metal.
  • the reflection plate 113 can reflect the signal from the antenna 11 and focus it on the receiving point.
  • the radiating unit array 112 is usually placed on one side of the reflective plate 113, which can not only greatly enhance the signal receiving or transmitting capabilities of the antenna 11, but also block and shield the radiation from the back of the reflective plate 113 (the back of the reflective plate 113 in this application refers to The side opposite to the reflective plate 113 for arranging the radiation unit array 112) interferes with the signal.
  • the feed network 114 is located between the radiating element array 112 and the power amplifier of the radio frequency remote unit 3 .
  • the feed network 114 may provide specific power and phase to the radiating element array 112 .
  • the feed network 114 may include a power divider 1146 (or a combiner 1144) that can be used in forward or reverse direction, for dividing one signal into multiple signals or combining multiple signals into one signal.
  • the feed network 114 may also include a filter 1145 for filtering out interference signals.
  • the feed network 114 may also include a transmission component 1141 to achieve different radiation beam directions, and a phase shifter 1143 to change the maximum direction of signal radiation.
  • the phase shifter 1143 also has the function of the power divider 1146 (or the combiner 1144), and in this case the power divider 1146 (or the combiner 1144) can be omitted in the feed network.
  • the feed network 114 may also include a calibration network 1142 to obtain required calibration signals. Feeder network Different devices included in the network 114 may be connected through transmission lines and connectors. It should be noted that the power splitter 1146 (or combiner 1144) can be located inside or outside the radome 111, and the connection relationship between the different components mentioned above is not unique. Figure 3 only illustrates one of them. Possible positional relationships and connection methods of various components.
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 are schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the communication device in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of the communication device in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a lateral view of the communication device in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication device 1 includes a power generation component 13 , an antenna 11 and a fixing component 12 .
  • the above-mentioned power generation component 13 includes a blade 131 and a generator 132.
  • the rotation shaft 1311 of the blade 131 is connected to the generator 132.
  • the blades 131 rotate under the action of wind, and the rotating shaft 1311 rotates synchronously with the blades 131.
  • the rotating shaft 1311 can be used to transfer the kinetic energy generated by the rotation of the blades 131 to the generator 132, driving the rotor of the generator 132 to rotate, so that the generator 132 generates electricity to realize the wind power generation function of the power generation component 13.
  • the above-mentioned blades 131 , generator 132 and antenna 11 are installed to the fixing assembly 12 , and the fixing assembly 12 then installs the above-mentioned blades 131 , generator 132 and antenna 11 to the mounting frame 2 . Since the size of the blade 131 is larger, the antenna 11 can have a larger installation space.
  • the above-mentioned antenna 11 is arranged on the circumferential side of the rotation axis 1311 of the blade 131 , that is, the antenna 11 is arranged around the above-mentioned rotation axis 1311 .
  • the antenna 11 does not need to be prepared into a regular cubic structure, that is, the antenna 11 is prepared into multiple parts, or into a ring-shaped structure instead of a regular cubic structure, so that the antenna 11 can be distributed.
  • the antenna 11 can have a hollow in the middle, and the rotation axis 1312 of the blade 131 passes through the hollow of the antenna.
  • the antenna 11 when the antenna 11 is prepared into a regular cube, it has an integral wind receiving surface and a large wind receiving area.
  • the wind receiving area of each part of the antenna 11 is small, which can effectively reduce the wind load of the antenna 11 .
  • the surface area of the antenna 11 can be increased, which is conducive to the design of a very large antenna array ELAA and enhances the coverage income and capacity income of the antenna 11.
  • the blades 131 of the power generation assembly 13 and the antenna 11 can share the oral surface space, thereby realizing oral surface reuse, saving the oral surface space, and improving the utilization rate and profit of the oral surface space.
  • the power generation component 13 uses wind energy to generate electricity. As a clean energy, wind energy can reduce carbon emissions and improve the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction.
  • the antenna 11 may be disposed on the same plane as the blades 131 , or may be disposed on a different plane from the blades 131 , and may be designed according to requirements. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 , the antenna 11 and the blade 131 can be considered to be on the same plane. In this case, the antenna 11 needs to not interfere with the rotation of the blade 131 to ensure that the blade 131 can rotate normally. That is to say, during specific implementation, the antenna 11 needs to be completely located outside the blade 131 toward the inner edge of the blade 131 .
  • the above-mentioned arrangement of the antenna 11 and the blade 131 on the same plane means that the antenna 11 and the blade 131 are approximately located on the same plane, or that the plane has a certain thickness, rather than that the antenna 11 and the blade 131 are absolutely arranged on the same plane.
  • the above-mentioned antenna 11 and the blade 131 both have a certain thickness along the extension direction of the rotation axis 1312 of the blade 131.
  • the projection of the blade 131 on the rotation axis 1312 and the projection of the antenna 11 on the rotation axis 1312 at least partially overlap, it can be considered that The above-mentioned antenna 11 and the blade 131 are located on the same plane.
  • Figure 7 is another schematic diagram of the forward structure of the communication device in the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 7, in order to illustrate the positional relationship between the antenna 11 and the blade 131 in the embodiment of the present application, the blade 131 is away from the rotation axis 1312.
  • the distance between the edge of the antenna 11 and the rotation axis 1312 is the rotation radius r of the blade 131; since the edge of the antenna 11 away from the rotation axis 1312 may be irregular, the distance between different edges of the antenna 11 and the rotation axis is different, then The maximum distance between the edge of the antenna 11 away from the rotation axis 1312 and the rotation axis 1312 is the first distance L; since The edge of the antenna 11 facing the above-mentioned rotation axis 1312 may be irregular, and the distance between different edges of the above-mentioned antenna 11 and the rotation axis is different, then the minimum distance between the edge of the antenna 11 facing the above-mentioned rotation axis 1312 and the rotation axis 1312 is the above-mentioned third Two distance l.
  • the antenna 11 and the blade 131 are disposed on the same plane, it is necessary to ensure that there is no structural interference between the antenna 11 and the blade 131 . That is, the antenna 11 is provided on the peripheral side of the blade 131 . Specifically, the above-mentioned second distance l needs to be larger than the rotation radius r, so that the blade 131 rotates in the hollow structure in the antenna 11 .
  • this solution can increase the size of the antenna 11, thereby providing more radiating element arrays 112, which is beneficial to improving the gain of the antenna 11.
  • the antenna 11 can also be prevented from blocking the wind force of the blades 131 , thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the power generation assembly 13 .
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 are two other lateral structural diagrams of communication devices in embodiments of the present application.
  • the antenna 11 and the blades 131 can be arranged on different planes.
  • the antenna 11 can be disposed on the side of the blade 131 away from the mounting bracket 2, as shown in Figure 8; in another specific embodiment, the antenna 11 can also be disposed on the side of the blade 131 facing the mounting bracket 2.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 are both embodiments in which the above-mentioned second distance l is smaller than the rotation radius r.
  • the second distance l is made to be greater than or equal to the radius of rotation r, and this application does not limit this.
  • the above-mentioned second distance l can be made smaller than the rotation radius r, as shown in Figures 8 and 9 . This is beneficial to reducing the oral and facial space occupied by the communication device 1 .
  • the second distance l is greater than or equal to 0.5 times the rotation radius r, the power generation efficiency of the power generation component 13 can be improved. Since the farther away the blade 131 is from the rotation axis 1312, the efficiency of converting wind energy into electrical energy is higher. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the wind receiving effect of the end of the blade 131 away from the rotation axis 1312.
  • the first distance L can be made less than or equal to twice the radius of rotation r.
  • the oral and facial space occupied by the communication device 1 is within a more reasonable range.
  • the first distance L is larger, under the same wind load, the total volume of the antenna 11 that can be installed is larger, which is more conducive to realizing a very large antenna array.
  • the communication device 1 occupies less oral and facial space, which is more conducive to saving the oral and facial space.
  • the specific value of the above-mentioned first distance L can be optimized according to actual needs.
  • FIG. 10 is a side cross-sectional view of a communication device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna 11 has a side 115 facing the rotation axis 1312 .
  • the side surface 115 is the side surface 115 of the radome 111 facing the rotation axis 1312 .
  • the path passed by the blade 131 forms the rotation surface 1313 of the blade 131.
  • the wind blowing to the antenna 11 can be blown to the blade 131 under the guidance of the side surface 115, thereby increasing the wind force on the blade 131 and increasing the power generation.
  • the shape of the side surface 115 is not limited and can be a flat surface or a curved surface.
  • the side surface 115 can be a curved surface to improve the wind guiding effect, so that the wind force directed to the blades 131 is larger and the power generation efficiency is improved.
  • the above-mentioned curved surface may be an arc surface or a parabolic surface.
  • the antenna 11 in the communication device 1 can be integrated into an integrated structure, which facilitates the installation of the antenna 11.
  • the specific implementation of the above-mentioned antenna 11 having an integrated structure is not limited.
  • the reflection plate 113 of the antenna 11 can be an integrated reflection plate 113, such as an annular reflection plate 113 (as shown by the dotted line in Figure 5); or , the antenna 11 can also be provided with a radome 111, which is a radome 111 with an integrated structure; or the antenna 11 can also be made to include different sub-antennas 116, and the different sub-antennas 116 are fixedly connected to each other, so that The antenna 11 is fixed into an integrated structure, so that different sub-antennas can be installed at the same time, which can also simplify the installation process. Line 11 installation process.
  • the antenna 11 of the communication device 1 can be designed in a loop shape.
  • the specific loop shape of the antenna 11 is not limited.
  • it can be a circular loop, a polygonal loop, or an irregular loop antenna 11, which is not limited in this application.
  • the shape of the inner edge and the outer edge of the loop of the antenna 11 may be the same or different.
  • the inner edge and the outer edge of the antenna 11 may both be circular, or the inner edge of the antenna 11 may be circular.
  • the outer edge is a polygon, etc., we will not give examples here.
  • the above-mentioned antenna 11 has a symmetrical structure.
  • the shape of the antenna 11 may be a circular ring or a regular polygonal ring. This can make the wind load on the antenna 11 more symmetrical and less likely to be damaged due to uneven force, which is beneficial to increasing the service life of the antenna 11 .
  • the center of symmetry of the antenna 11 is located on the rotation axis 1312 of the blade 131 . It is equivalent to the blades 131 and the antenna 11 being arranged concentrically.
  • the antenna 11 and the blades 131 overlap, the antenna 11 and the blades 131 are located on different planes, and the antenna 11 will block part of the wind.
  • the antenna 11 and the blade 131 are arranged concentrically, and the cooperation between the antenna 11 and the blade 131 can make the force on the blade 131 uniform at each position.
  • the antenna 11 and the blade 131 do not overlap, that is, the antenna 11 is completely disposed outside the blade 131, the antenna 11 and the blade 131 can be disposed on the same plane, and there is no structural interference between the blade 131 and the antenna 11. , thereby maximizing the use of the oral and facial space and improving the utilization efficiency of the oral and facial space.
  • Figure 11 is another schematic diagram of the forward structure of the communication device in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna can be 11 specifically includes a ring-shaped reflection plate 113, and the radiation element array 112 is provided on the ring-shaped reflection plate 113 to form the above-mentioned ring antenna 11.
  • the loop antenna 11 can also include multiple independent reflection plates 113 , the reflection plates 113 are fixedly connected end to end in order to form a ring, and each reflection plate 113 is provided with a corresponding radiation element array 112 , to form the above-mentioned loop antenna 11.
  • the above-mentioned reflection plate 113 can be specifically an arc-shaped strip reflection plate 113, and then can form a circular ring-shaped antenna 11.
  • the above-mentioned reflection plate 113 can also be a linear strip-shaped reflection plate 113, and then a polygonal ring-shaped antenna 11 can be formed, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 . Specific forms of the loop antenna 11 are not listed here.
  • the corresponding relationship between the reflection plate 113 and the radiation unit array 112 can be such that one reflection plate 113 is provided with multiple different radiation unit arrays 112, or one reflection plate 113 is provided with one Radiation unit array 112; alternatively, one radiation unit array 112 is provided on one reflection plate 113, and one radiation unit array 112 is provided on at least two reflection plates 113, and this application is not limited thereto.
  • the above-mentioned antenna 11 can also be designed as a ring-shaped antenna 11 with an opening.
  • This application is not limited to this. That is to say, the antenna 11 does not necessarily form a closed ring around the rotation axis 1311 of the blade 131 Structure.
  • Figure 12 is a forward structural schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the antenna and the fixed component in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the above-mentioned antenna 11 may include at least two sub-antennas 116.
  • the above-mentioned at least two sub-antennas 116 The antennas 116 are respectively installed to the fixing component 12 through the adapter 14 and then to the mounting bracket 2 . That is to say, if there is no fixed connection between the sub-antennas 116 and the sub-antennas 116 are independently installed on the mounting bracket, the radiation directions of the sub-antennas 116 can be adjusted respectively through the above-mentioned adapter 14 .
  • the antenna 11 in the embodiment of the present application can flexibly adjust the radiation direction of each sub-antenna according to the actual application scenario, so as to enrich the application scenarios of the antenna 11 and improve the radiation range of the antenna 11.
  • the above-mentioned adapter 14 can be a bolt, a mounting hole, and a plurality of bolt holes. Bolts connect the above-mentioned mounting hole and one of the plurality of bolt holes to connect the sub-antenna 116 and the fixing component using bolts. 12. By adjusting the bolt holes connected to the mounting holes, the radiation direction of the sub-antenna 116 can be adjusted.
  • the plurality of bolt holes mentioned above can be located in the sub-antenna 116, in which case the mounting holes are located in the fixing component 12; or the multiple bolt holes can also be located in the fixing component 12, in which case the mounting holes are located in the fixing component 12.
  • the hole is located in the sub-antenna.
  • the above-mentioned adapter 14 may also be a gear assembly, etc., which will not be described in detail in this application.
  • each sub-antenna 116 has a reflective plate 113 and a radiating element array 112 disposed on the reflective plate 113 . Then adjusting the radiation direction of the sub-antenna 116 means adjusting the orientation of the reflecting plate 113 and the radiation element array 112 of the sub-antenna 116 .
  • the above-mentioned at least two sub-antennas 116 can be arranged end-to-end in sequence close to the circumferential side of the rotation axis 1311 of the blade 131. That is to say, the above-mentioned at least two sub-antennas 116 are arranged in a ring around the rotation axis 1311 of the blade 131. However, adjacent sub-antennas 116 do not need to be fixedly connected to each other. Specifically, it can be considered that the at least two sub-antennas 116 include adjacent first sub-antennas 1161 and second sub-antennas 1162.
  • the two ends of the first sub-antenna 1161 are the first ends 11611 and 11611 arranged along the first direction p.
  • the two ends of the second sub-antenna 1162 are the third end 11621 and the fourth end 11622 arranged along the first direction p.
  • the second end 11612 and the third end 11621 are close to each other and are arranged in the ring shape.
  • the first sub-antenna 1161 and the second sub-antenna 1162 may be separated by a certain distance along the first direction p; or, the first sub-antenna 1161 and the second sub-antenna 1162 may be separated by a certain distance along the first direction p.
  • ⁇ has a certain overlap.
  • the above-mentioned first direction ⁇ may specifically be the rotation direction of the blade, or may be opposite to the rotation direction of the blade, which is not limited in this application.
  • the shape of the sub-antenna 116 may be arc-shaped, which means that the extension direction (length direction) of the sub-antenna 116 is arc-shaped.
  • the reflection plate 113 can be made into an arc shape.
  • the center of the arc-shaped sub-antenna 116 faces the rotation axis 1312 of the blade 131 . More specifically, the center of the circle can be located at the rotation axis 1312. Then the sub-antenna 116 may form a circular ring around the rotation axis 1311 of the blade 131 .
  • the shape of the above-mentioned sub-antenna 116 may also be a straight line, which means that the extension direction (length direction) of the sub-antenna 116 is a straight line.
  • the reflection plate 113 may also be a linear strip reflection plate 113, and the sub-antenna 116 may form a polygonal ring around the rotation axis 1311 of the blade 131.
  • the structural forms formed by the plurality of sub-antennas 116 are not listed one by one here.
  • one reflection plate 113 can be provided with multiple different radiation unit arrays 112, or one reflection plate 113 can be provided with one radiation unit array 112;
  • one radiating unit array 112 is disposed on one reflecting plate 113, and one radiating unit array 112 is disposed on at least two reflecting plates 113, which is not limited in this application.
  • the antenna 11 may include a first radiating element array 1121 and a second radiating element array 1122 .
  • the operating frequency band of the first radiating element array 1121 is different from the operating frequency band of the second radiating element array 1122 .
  • the antenna 11 in this embodiment can work in different radiation frequency bands and support communication systems of different formats, such as time division duplex or frequency division duplex format communication. It is worth noting that Figure 12 is used as an example for explanation here. However, in the embodiment shown in Figures 4 to 6, that is to say, when the antenna 11 is an integrated structure, the antenna can also include a first radiating element array. 1121 and the second radiating element array 1122. The operating frequency band of the first radiating element array 1121 is different from the operating frequency band of the second radiating element array 1122.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the fixed rod in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the fixed rotating shaft in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 15 is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the fixed component in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the above-mentioned fixing component 12 may include a fixing rod 121 and a fixed rotating shaft 122 .
  • the above-mentioned fixed rod 121 and the fixed rotating shaft 122 are rotatably connected.
  • the fixed rod 121 and the fixed rotating shaft 122 can be sleeved.
  • the fixed rod 121 and the fixed rotating shaft 122 can relatively rotate in the circumferential direction and are fixed in the axial direction. For example, as shown in FIG.
  • the fixed rod 121 can be provided with a round hole 1211 for installing the fixed rotating shaft 122 ; as shown in FIG. 14 , the fixed rotating shaft 122 can be provided with the above-mentioned circular hole 1211 .
  • the round hole 1211 fits the round shaft 1221; as shown in Figure 15, the round shaft 1221 of the fixed rotating shaft 122 is disposed in the round hole 1211 of the fixed rod 121, so that the fixed rotating shaft 122 rotates relative to the fixed rod 121.
  • the fixed rod 121 has a circular shaft for installing the fixed rotating shaft 122.
  • the fixed rotating shaft 122 has a circular hole that matches the above-mentioned circular shaft.
  • the circular shaft of the fixed rod 121 is disposed on the fixed rotating shaft 122. In the circular hole, the fixed rotating shaft 122 is rotated relative to the fixed rod 121 .
  • matching accessories such as bearings can also be provided between the fixed rod 121 and the fixed rotating shaft 122, which is not limited in this application.
  • the above-mentioned fixed rod 121 can be fixedly installed on the mounting frame 2, and the blade 131 can be fixedly installed on the fixed rotating shaft 122. Then when the blade 131 rotates driven by wind energy, the fixed rotating shaft 122 is driven to rotate relative to the fixed rod 121, and the fixed rotating shaft 122 is driven to rotate relative to the fixed rod 121. That is, it can rotate relative to the mounting bracket 2. It is worth noting that the specific manner in which the above-mentioned blades 131 are fixedly installed on the fixed rotating shaft 122 is not limited.
  • the blades 131 can be directly fixed on the above-mentioned fixed rotating shaft 122, or the fixed rotating shaft 122 and the blades 131 can be fixedly connected through other connecting rods and other structures.
  • the antenna 11 is fixedly installed on the fixing rod 121 , so the antenna 11 can be fixed relative to the mounting bracket 2 without being affected by the rotation of the blade 131 . It is worth noting that the specific manner in which the above-mentioned antenna 11 is fixedly installed on the fixed rod 121 is not limited.
  • the antenna 11 can be directly fixed on the above-mentioned fixed rod 121, or the fixed rod 121 and the antenna 11 can be fixedly connected through other connecting rods and other structures. .
  • the above-mentioned fixing assembly 12 may include multiple parts, such as a first part that is rotationally connected to the blade 131, a second part that is connected to the antenna 11, and may also have a third part that connects the above-mentioned first part and the second part.
  • Each of the above parts may include a connecting rod, which is a hollow connecting rod.
  • the connecting rod is a hollow connecting rod, the weight of the fixing component 12 can be reduced while ensuring that the connecting rod has strong strength.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the above-mentioned hollow connecting rod may be a square shape, a square shape, a square shape, a circle, an ellipse, etc.
  • the power generation assembly 13 includes three blades 131 .
  • the above-mentioned power generation assembly 13 may also include a larger number of blades 131.
  • the power generation assembly 13 includes six blades 131, which is not limited in this application.
  • the blades 131 of the power generation assembly 13 can be evenly distributed around the rotation axis 1311 of the blades 131 . In order to improve the force uniformity of the power generation component 13 and improve the power generation effect.
  • the blades 131 are preferably made of dielectric material, thereby reducing the impact of the blades 131 on the radiation signal of the antenna 11 .
  • the above-mentioned blades 131 may also be blades 131 made of metal material to increase the strength of the blades 131 and extend the service life of the blades 131 .
  • the above-mentioned power generation component 13 can be electrically connected to the antenna 11 and used to provide power to the antenna 11 .
  • the power generation component 13 can supply power to the feed network of the antenna 11 .
  • the electricity generated by the power generation component 13 in the communication device 1 is directly provided to the antenna 11, thereby reducing the loss of electricity during storage and transmission, which is beneficial to improving the utilization rate of the electricity generated by the power generation component 13.
  • the dependence of the communication device on other power can be reduced, the power supplied from the remote end to the antenna 11 is reduced, and the loss of this part of power during the transmission process is reduced. In short, such a design can reduce carbon emissions in the field of wireless communications and reduce the consumption of non-renewable resources.
  • the above-mentioned power generation assembly 13 may also include a transmission device connected to the rotation shaft 1311 of the blade 131 for adjusting the rotation speed of the blade 131 and then transmitting it to the generator 132 for generating electricity.
  • This solution can make the power generation rate of the generator 132 more stable and help improve the power generation efficiency.
  • FIG 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a power generation component in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the power generation component 13 may also include a speed change device 133.
  • the speed change device 133 is connected to the rotation axis 1311 of the blade 131 and is used to adjust the blade. 131, and then transmitted to the generator 132 to generate electricity.
  • This solution can make the power generation rate of the generator 132 It is relatively stable and helps improve power generation efficiency.
  • the power generation component 13 may also include a braking device 134 , which is connected to the rotation axis 1311 of the blade 131 and used to brake the rotation of the blade 131 .
  • a braking device 134 which is connected to the rotation axis 1311 of the blade 131 and used to brake the rotation of the blade 131 .
  • the blades 131 need to be braked to extend the service life of the blades 131 .
  • Figure 17 is a possible structural schematic diagram of the base station antenna feeder system in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 18 is another possible structural schematic diagram of the base station antenna feeder system in the embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figures 17 and 18.
  • the above-mentioned power generation component 13 may further include a power storage device 135 and a power management device 136 .
  • the above-mentioned power storage device 135 is electrically connected to the generator 132 and is used to store the electrical energy generated by the generator 132 and release it when needed.
  • the above-mentioned power management device 136 is electrically connected to the power storage device 135 and the generator 132.
  • the power management device 136 can control the power generated by the generator 132 to be stored in the power storage device 135, or other equipment connected to the generator 132. Power supply, or the purpose of controlling the amount of electricity stored in the electricity storage device 135 .
  • the specific installation locations of the above-mentioned power storage device 135 and power management device 136 are not limited in this application.
  • the power storage device 135 and the power management device 136 can be disposed near the antenna 11 , that is, at a high place on the mounting frame 2 according to requirements.
  • the power storage device 135 and the power management device 136 can also be disposed low on the installation frame 2 or on the ground.
  • the above-mentioned power storage device 135 and power management device 136 can be disposed in different locations.
  • the power storage device 135 is disposed near the antenna 11 and the power management device 136 is disposed low on the mounting frame 2 or on the ground; or, The power management device 136 is disposed near the antenna 11 , and the power storage device 135 is disposed low on the mounting frame 2 or on the ground.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种通信装置及基站天馈系统。该通信装置包括发电组件、天线和固定组件。上述发电组件包括叶片和发电机，叶片的旋转轴与发电机连接。叶片、发电机和天线安装至固定组件，固定组件用于将叶片、发电机和天线安装至安装架。具体安装时，天线围绕叶片的旋转轴设置。该方案中，天线可以分散布局，天线每个部分的受风面积都较小，可以有效的降低天线的风载，增加天线的口面空间的面积，增强天线的覆盖收益和容量收益。发电组件的叶片与天线可以共用口面空间，从而实现口面复用，节约口面空间，提升口面空间的利用率和收益。此外，发电组件利用风能来发电，可以减少碳排放，提升节能减排的效果。

Description

一种通信装置及基站天馈系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2022年03月14日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210248529.X、申请名称为“一种通信装置及基站天馈系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及到一种通信装置及基站天馈系统。
背景技术
随着无线通信技术的发展，多种基站天线已经被普遍应用在无线通信系统中。增大天线口面是获取覆盖与容量收益的有效手段。随着技术的发展，超大天线阵(Extremely Large Antenna Array，简称ELAA)等技术已经开始进入人们的视野。但是，由于风载、体积和重量等因素的影响，想要在天线上获取更大的口面空间一直是一个很大的挑战，因此如何既获取更大的口面空间，同时又不在体积、重量、风载等因素上带来太大的负面影响，是本领域亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种通信装置及基站天馈系统，以增大天线的口面空间，提升天线的覆盖收益和容量收益。天线与发电组件口面空间复用，提升了口面空间的利用率。利用风能进行发电，减少碳排放，提升节能减排的效果。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置包括发电组件、天线和固定组件。上述发电组件包括叶片和发电机，叶片的旋转轴与发电机连接。叶片在风能的作用下转动，驱动发电机进行发电。上述叶片、发电机和天线安装至固定组件，固定组件用于将叶片、发电机和天线安装至安装架。具体安装时，天线围绕叶片的旋转轴设置。该方案中，天线可以分散布局。具体相当于使天线中部具有镂空，叶片的旋转轴线从上述镂空穿过。天线每个部分的受风面积都较小，可以有效的降低天线的风载。在天线的风载降低的同时，可以增加天线的口面空间的面积，有利于实现超大天线阵ELAA的设计，增强天线的覆盖收益和容量收益。具体的，天线与叶片的旋转轴线距离越远，天线的总尺寸可以设置的越大，也就是说可以设置越多的辐射单元阵列。此外，本申请实施例中，发电组件的叶片与天线可以共用口面空间，从而实现口面复用，节约口面空间，提升口面空间的利用率和收益。此外，发电组件利用风能来发电，可以减少碳排放，提升节能减排的效果。
上述天线背离叶片的旋转轴线的边缘与旋转轴线的最大距离小于或者等于叶片的旋转半径的2倍。上述旋转半径指的是叶片背离旋转轴线的边缘与上述旋转轴线之间的距离。从而使得通信装置占用的口面空间在一个较为合理的范围内，使天线的口面空间不会过大。
此外，上述天线朝向叶片的旋转轴线的边缘与旋转轴线的最小距离大于或者等于叶片的旋转半径的0.5倍。通过实验和仿真分析，该方案便于使风能够从天线中间的镂空穿过， 进而吹至叶片的端部。也就是说天线不会阻挡叶片的端部受到的风，或者阻挡较少的风。从而有利于保证发电组件的发电效率。
上述天线朝向旋转轴线的一侧具有侧面，侧面与叶片的旋转面之间的夹角大于90°。则上述天线的侧面相当于叶片的导向面，使吹至天线的风可以在上述侧面的导向作用下，吹向叶片，从而提升叶片受到的风力，提升发电组件的发电效率。
上述侧面的形状不做限制，可以为平面或者弯曲面。优选的，上述侧面可以为弯曲面，以提升导风效果。上述弯曲面具体可以为弧形面或者抛物线形面等。
具体设置上述通信装置时，上述天线可以与叶片设置于同一平面，也可以与叶片设置于不同的平面，根据需求设计即可。具体的，上述天线与叶片设置于同一平面时，指的是叶片在旋转轴线的投影和天线在旋转轴线上的投影至少部分重叠。此时，天线的覆盖范围交广，且叶片的工作效率较高。
上述天线的形状可以为圆环状或者正多边形环状，则天线为对称结构，可以使得天线受到的风载较为对称，而不易因受力不均而出现损坏，有利于提升天线的使用寿命。
此外，上述天线可以为中心对称结构，天线的对称中心位于叶片的旋转轴线。则相当于叶片与天线同心设置。当天线与叶片有交叠时，此时天线与叶片位于不同平面，天线会遮挡部分风。天线与叶片同心设置，天线与叶片进行配合，可以使叶片在各个位置的受力均匀。或者，天线与叶片无交叠时，也就是说天线完全设置于叶片的外侧，则可以使天线与叶片设置于同一平面，且使叶片与天线之间无结构干涉，从而可以最大化的利用口面空间，提升口面空间的利用效率。
具体设置上述天线时，天线可以为一体结构，则便于安装上述天线至安装架。
此外，上述天线还可以包括至少两个子天线，上述至少两个子天线分别通过转接件安装至固定组件，进而安装至安装架。也就是说，不同的子天线之间不进行固定连接，且子天线分别独立安装于安装架，则通过上述转接件可以分别调节子天线的辐射方向。本申请实施例中的天线可以根据实际应用场景，灵活调节各个子天线的辐射方向，以丰富天线的应用场景，提升天线的辐射范围。
具体设置上述至少两个子天线时，上述至少两个子天线环绕叶片的旋转轴排列成环状，只不过相邻的子天线之间无需相互固定连接。上述至少两个子天线形成的环状可以为圆环状，也可以为多边形环状。
上述子天线的形状具体可以为直线形或者弧形，此处指的是子天线延伸方向的形状。当子天线为直线形时，则子天线可以环绕叶片的旋转轴排列成多边形环状。当子天线为弧形时，弧形的圆心朝向叶片的旋转轴方向，则子天线可以环绕叶片的旋转轴排列成圆环状。当天线包括两个子天线时，两个子天线分别为弧形子天线，进一步可以为半圆形子天线，则可以排列成圆环状。
上述天线包括第一辐射单元阵列和第二辐射单元阵列，上述第一辐射单元阵列的工作频段与第二辐射单元阵列的工作频段不同。该技术方案中的天线可以工作在不同的辐射频段，支持不同制式的通信系统。
为了利用固定组件安装叶片与天线，该固定组件包括固定杆和固定转轴。上述固定转轴与固定杆同轴连接，具体地，固定转轴与固定杆之间轴向相对固定，周向相对转对。叶片固定安装于固定转轴，则叶片转动时带动固定转轴相对于固定杆转动。天线与固定杆固定连接，则叶片转动对于天线无影响。
设置上述发电组件时，发电组件的叶片的数量不做限制，例如可以包括三个叶片，或者更多数量的叶片。多个叶片可以均匀分布，以提升发电组件的受力均匀性。
叶片的材质可以根据需求选择，例如，叶片可以为金属材料的叶片，以提升叶片的强度，提升叶片的使用寿命。或者，上述叶片可以为电介质材料的叶片，以减少叶片对于天线信号的影响。
发电组件还可以包括变速装置，该变速装置与叶片的旋转连接，位于叶片与发电机之间。变速装置用于调节叶片的旋转轴传递至发电机的转速，之后再传递至发电机进行发电。可以使得发电机的发电速率较为稳定，且有利于提升发电效率。
发电组件还可以包括制动装置，该制动装置与叶片的旋转连接，位于叶片与发电机之间。该制动装置用于对叶片的转动进行制动。例如，当风力过大时，为了防止叶片受损，对叶片进行制动，以提升叶片的使用寿命。
此外，发电组件还可以包括储电装置和电力管理装置，储电装置与发电机电连接，用于存储发电机产生的电。电力管理装置与储电装置和发电机分别电连接，用于控制发电机产生的电量存储至储电装置，或者为与发电机连接的其它设备供电，或者控制储电装置内存储电量的用途等。
上述发电组件与天线电连接，用于为天线供电。该实施例中，通信装置中的发电组件产生的电直接提供至天线。可以减少无线通信领域的碳排放量，减少了非可再生资源的消耗。
上述固定组件可以包括连接杆，该连接杆为空心连接杆。当连接杆为空心连接杆时，可以在保证连接杆具有较强的强度的同时，降低固定组件的重量。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种基站天馈系统，该基站天馈系统包括安装架上述第一方面的通信装置，通信装置安装于安装架。该基站天馈系统的天线的口面空间较大，天线的覆盖收益和容量收益较高。此外，实现了天线与发电组件口面空间复用，提升了口面空间的利用率。利用风能进行发电，减少碳排放，提升节能减排的效果。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例适用的一种系统架构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例中基站天馈系统的一种可能的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例中的天线的一种组成示意图；
图4为本申请实施例中通信装置的一种立体结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例中通信装置的一种正向结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例中通信装置的一种侧向结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例中通信装置的另一种正向结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例中通信装置的另一种侧向结构示意图；
图9为本申请实施例中通信装置的另一种侧向结构示意图；
图10为本申请实施例中通信装置的一种侧向剖视图；
图11为本申请实施例中通信装置的另一种正向结构示意图；
图12为本申请实施例中天线和固定组件的一种正向结构示意图；
图13为本申请实施例中固定杆的一种结构示意图；
图14为本申请实施例中固定转轴的一种结构示意图；
图15为本申请实施例中固定组件的一种局部剖面结构示意图；
图16为本申请实施例中发电组件的一种结构示意图；
图17为本申请实施例中基站天馈系统的一种可能的结构示意图；
图18为本申请实施例中基站天馈系统的另一种可能的结构示意图。
附图标记：
1-通信装置；                          11-天线；
111-天线罩；                          112-辐射单元阵列；
1121-第一辐射单元阵列；               1122-第二辐射单元阵列；
113-反射板；                          114-馈电网络；
1141-传动部件；                       1142-校准网络；
1143-移相器；                         1144-合路器；
1145-滤波器；                         1146-功分器；
115-侧壁；                            116-子天线；
1161-第一子天线；                     11611-第一端；
11612-第二端；                        1162-第二子天线；
11621-第三端；                        11622-第四端；
12-固定组件；                         121-固定杆；
1211-圆孔；                           122-固定转轴；
1221-圆轴；                           13-发电组件；
131-叶片；                            1311-旋转轴；
1312-旋转轴线；                       1313-旋转面；
132-发电机；                          133-变速装置；
134-制动装置；                        135-储电装置；
136-电力管理装置；                    14-转接件；
2-安装架；                            3-射频拉远单元；
4-基带处理单元；                      5-电缆线；
r-旋转半径；                          L-第一距离；
l-第二距离。
具体实施方式
为了方便理解本申请实施例提供的通信装置及基站天馈系统，下面介绍一下其应用场景。图1为本申请实施例适用的一种系统架构示意图，如图1所示，该应用场景可以包括基站天馈系统和终端。基站天馈系统和终端之间可以实现无线通信。该基站天馈系统亦可以称为接入网设备，可以位于基站子系统(base btation bubsystem，BBS)、陆地无线接入网(UMTS terrestrial radio access network，UTRAN)或者演进的陆地无线接入网(evolved universal terrestrial radio access，E-UTRAN)中，用于进行信号的小区覆盖以实现终端设备与无线网络之间的通信。具体来说，基站天馈系统可以是全球移动通信系统(global system for mobile comunication，GSM)或(code division multiple access,CDMA)系统中的基地收发台(base transceiver station，BTS)，也可以是宽带码分多址(wideband code division multiple  access，WCDMA)系统中的节点B(NodeB，NB)，还可以是长期演进(long term evolution,LTE)系统中的演进型节点B(evolutional NodeB，eNB或eNodeB)，还可以是云无线接入网络(cloud radio access network，CRAN)场景下的无线控制器。或者该基站天馈系统也可以为中继站、接入点、车载设备、可穿戴设备以及新无线(new radio,NR)系统中的g节点(gNodeB或者gNB)或者未来演进的网络中的接入网设备等，本申请实施例并不限定。
基站配备有天线来实现信号在空间中的传输。图2为本申请实施例中基站天馈系统的一种可能的结构示意图，如图2所示，基站天馈系统通常可以包括通信装置1和安装架2等结构。其中，通信装置1具体包括天线11、固定组件12和发电组件13，上述天线11和发电组件13可通过固定组件12安装于安装架2上，以便于通信装置1的天线11信号的接收或者发射，发电组件利用风能进行发电。具体的，上述安装架2可以为抱杆或者铁塔等。图2仅仅示例了基站天馈系统可能包括的组件，以及各个组件的一种位置关系。在其它实施例中，基站天馈系统还可能包括其它的组件，或者组件的位置关系与图2所示不同。
具体的技术方案中，上述天线11还可以包括天线罩111，天线罩111在电气性能上具有良好的电磁波穿透特性，机械性能上能经受外部恶劣环境的影响，从而可起到保护通信装置1免受外部环境影响的作用。
另外，基站天馈系统还可以包括射频拉远单元3和基带处理单元4。如图2所示，基带处理单元4可通过射频拉远单元3与天线11连接。基带处理单元4可通过射频拉远单元3与通信装置1的馈电网络连接。在一些实施方式中，射频拉远单元3又可称为射频拉远单元(remote radio unit，RRU)，基带处理单元4又可称为基带单元(baseband unit，BBU)。
在一种可能的实施例中，如图2所示，射频拉远单元3和基带处理单元4还可以同时位于天线11的远端。射频拉远单元3与基带处理单元4可以通过传输线5连接。需要说明的是，图2只是射频拉远单元3与天线11的位置关系的一个示例。
更为具体地，可一并参照图2和图3，图3为本申请一种可能的实施例的天线的组成示意图。其中，如图3所示，天线11可以包括辐射单元阵列112和反射板113。上述辐射单元阵列112也可以称为天线振子、振子等，它能有效地发送或接收天线信号。在天线11中，不同辐射单元阵列112的频率可以相同或者不同。反射板113也可以称为底板、天线面板或者反射面等，其可以是金属材质。天线11接收信号时，反射板113可以把天线11的信号反射聚集在接收点上。辐射单元阵列112通常放置于反射板113一侧，这不但可以大大增强天线11信号的接收或发射能力，还能够起到阻挡、屏蔽来自反射板113背面(本申请中反射板113的背面是指与反射板113用于设置辐射单元阵列112相背的一侧)的干扰信号。
在天线11中，馈电网络114位于辐射单元阵列112与射频拉远单元3的功率放大器之间。馈电网络114可以给辐射单元阵列112提供特定功率和相位。例如，馈电网络114可以包括可以正向使用或者反向使用的功分器1146(或者合路器1144)，用于将一路信号分成多路信号或将多路信号合成一路。馈电网络114还可以包括滤波器1145，用于滤除干扰信号。对于电调天线，馈电网络114还可以包括传动部件1141来实现不同辐射波束指向、移相器1143来改变信号辐射的最大方向。在一些情况下，移相器1143还具备了功分器1146(或者合路器1144)的功能，此时馈电网络中便可省去功分器1146(或者合路器1144)。在一些实施例中，馈电网络114还可以包括校准网络1142以获取所需的校准信号。馈电网 络114中所包括的不同器件之间可以通过传输线和连接器连接。需要说明的是功分器1146(或者合路器1144)可以位于天线罩111内部或者外部，且上述提及的各个不同部件之间的连接关系并不唯一，图3只示例出了其中一种可能的各个部件的位置关系和连接方式。
图4为本申请实施例中通信装置的一种立体结构示意图，图5为本申请实施例中通信装置的一种正向结构示意图，图6为本申请实施例中通信装置的一种侧向结构示意图。如图4～图6所示，一种实施例中，通信装置1包括发电组件13、天线11和固定组件12。具体的，上述发电组件13包括叶片131和发电机132，叶片131的旋转轴1311与发电机132连接。叶片131在风力的作用下转动，旋转轴1311随叶片131同步转动，则可以利用旋转轴1311将叶片131的转动所产生的动能传递至发电机132，驱动发电机132的转子转动，使发电机132进行发电，以实现发电组件13的风力发电功能。上述叶片131、发电机132和天线11安装至固定组件12，该固定组件12再将上述叶片131、发电机132和天线11安装至安装架2。由于叶片131的尺寸较大，因此，天线11可以具有较大的设置空间。具体设置上述天线11时，上述天线11设置于叶片131的旋转轴1311的周侧，也就是说，天线11围绕上述旋转轴1311设置。该方案中，天线11可以不用制备成规则的立方体结构，也就是将天线11制备成多个部分，或者制备成环形等结构，而不是一个规则的立方体结构，从而可以使天线11分散布局。具体可以使天线11的中部具有镂空，叶片131的旋转轴线1312从上述天线的镂空穿过。现有技术中，天线11制备成一个规则的立方体时，具有一个整体的受风面，受风面积较大。而本申请实施例中，通过将天线11分散布局至叶片131的旋转轴1311的周侧，则相当于将一个整体的受风面，分散成多个小的受风面。因此，天线11每个部分的受风面积都较小，可以有效的降低天线11的风载。在天线11的风载降低的同时，可以增加天线11的口面空间的面积，有利于实现超大天线阵ELAA的设计，增强天线11的覆盖收益和容量收益。具体的，天线11与叶片131的旋转轴线1312(如图4所示)距离越远，天线11的总尺寸越大，也就是说可以设置越多的辐射单元阵列112。此外，本申请实施例中，发电组件13的叶片131与天线11可以共用口面空间，从而实现口面复用，节约口面空间，提升口面空间的利用率和收益。此外，发电组件13利用风能来发电，风能作为清洁能源，可以减少碳排放，提升节能减排的效果。
具体设置上述通信装置1时，上述天线11可以与叶片131设置于同一平面，也可以与叶片131设置于不同的平面，根据需求设计即可。如图4～图6所示的实施例中，可以认为天线11与叶片131处于同一平面，此时需要使天线11对于叶片131的转动不会产生干涉，以保证叶片131能够正常的转动。也即具体实现时，需要使上述天线11朝向叶片131的内侧边缘完全位于叶片131的外侧。值得说明的是，上述天线11与叶片131设置于同一平面指的是大致位于同一平面，或者说该平面具有一定的厚度，而非天线11与叶片131绝对的设置于同一平面。例如，上述天线11和叶片131沿叶片131的旋转轴线1312的延伸方向都具有一定的厚度，只要叶片131在旋转轴线1312的投影和天线11在旋转轴线1312上的投影至少部分重叠，即可认为上述天线11与叶片131位于同一平面。
图7为本申请实施例中通信装置的另一种正向结构示意图，如图7所示，为了说明本申请实施例中天线11与叶片131之间的位置关系，以叶片131背离旋转轴线1312的边缘与上述旋转轴线1312之间的距离为叶片131的旋转半径r；由于天线11背离上述旋转轴线1312的边缘可能不规则，上述天线11的不同边缘处与旋转轴之间的距离不同，则以天线11背离上述旋转轴线1312的边缘与旋转轴线1312的最大距离为上述第一距离L；由于 天线11朝向上述旋转轴线1312的边缘可能不规则，上述天线11的不同边缘处与旋转轴之间的距离不同，则以天线11朝向上述旋转轴线1312的边缘与旋转轴线1312的最小距离为上述第二距离l。
请结合图4～图7，上述天线11与叶片131设置于同一平面时，需保证天线11与叶片131不具有结构干涉。也就是说，天线11设置于叶片131的周侧。具体的，需要使上述第二距离l大于旋转半径r，从而叶片131在天线11内的镂空结构中旋转。该方案一方面可以增大天线11的尺寸，从而设置较多的辐射单元阵列112，有利于提升天线11的增益。另一方面，还可以使天线11不会阻挡叶片131的风力，从而提升发电组件13的发电效率。
图8和图9为本申请实施例中通信装置的另两种侧向结构示意图，如图8和图9所示，一些实施例中，天线11与叶片131可以设置于不同的平面。一种具体的实施例中，可以使天线11设置于叶片131背离安装架2的一侧，如图8所示；另一种具体的实施例中，还可以使天线11设置于叶片131朝向安装架2的一侧，如图9所示。值得说明的是，图8和图9所示的实施例均为上述第二距离l小于旋转半径r的实施例，然而在实际应用中，当天线11与叶片131设置于不同的平面，也可以使第二距离l大于或者等于旋转半径r，本申请对此不做限制。
具体的，当天线11与叶片131设置于不同的平面时，可以使上述第二距离l小于旋转半径r，如图8和图9所示。从而有利于减小通信装置1占用的口面空间。通过实验和仿真分析可知，当第二距离l大于或者等于旋转半径r的0.5倍，发电组件13的发电效率可以得到提升。由于叶片131与旋转轴线1312距离越远的区域将风能转换成电能的效率越高，因此，需要保证叶片131背离旋转轴线1312的端部的受风效果。
此外，具体设置上述天线11时，还可以使上述第一距离L小于或者等于旋转半径r的2倍。从而使得通信装置1占用的口面空间在一个较为合理的范围内。当上述第一距离L越大时，在同等风载的情况下，可以设置的天线11的总体积就越大，越有利于实现超大天线阵。当上述第一距离L越小时，通信装置1占用的口面空间越小，越有利于节省口面空间。总之，可以根据实际需求来优化上述第一距离L的具体数值。
图10为本申请实施例中通信装置的一种侧向剖视图，如图10所示，一种实施例中，上述天线11具有朝向旋转轴线1312的侧面115。具体的，当天线11具有天线罩111时，上述侧面115即为天线罩111朝向旋转轴线1312的侧面115。上述叶片131旋转的过程中，叶片131经过的路径形成了叶片131的旋转面1313。上述侧面115与上述旋转面1313之间的夹角α大于90°，则吹至天线11的风可以在上述侧面115的导向作用下，吹向叶片131，从而提升叶片131受到的风力，提升发电组件13的发电效率。
具体的实施例中，上述侧面115的形状不做限制，可以为平面，也可以为弯曲面。优选的，上述侧面115可以为弯曲面，以提升导风效果，使得导至叶片131的风力较大，提升发电效率。上述弯曲面可以为弧形面或者抛物线形面等。
具体设置上述天线11时，如图4到图6所示，可以使通信装置1中的天线11为一体结构，则便于安装该天线11。上述天线11为一体结构的具体实现方式不做限制，例如，可以使天线11的反射板113为一体结构的反射板113，例如为环形的反射板113(如图5中虚线所示)；或者，还可以使天线11具有天线罩111，该天线罩111为一体结构的天线罩111；再或者，还可以使天线11包括不同的子天线116，不同的子天线116之间固定连接，以使得天线11固定成一体结构，从而不同的子天线可以同时进行安装，也可以简化天 线11的安装过程。
具体的实施例中，可以将通信装置1的天线11设计成环状。具体的实施例中，上述天线11的环状的具体形状不做限制，例如可以为圆环状，也可以为多边形环状，或者不规则形环状天线11，本申请对此不作限制。此外，天线11的环形的内边缘与外边缘的形状可以相同也可以不同，例如，可以使天线11的内边缘和外边缘均为圆形，或者，还可以使天线11的内边缘为圆形，外边缘为多边形等，此处不进行一一例举。
一种实施例中，请继续参考图4～图6，上述天线11为对称结构，例如，天线11的形状可以为圆环状或者正多边形环状。则可以使得天线11受到的风载较为对称，而不易因受力不均而出现损坏，有利于提升天线11的使用寿命。此外，上述天线11为中心对称结构时，天线11的对称中心位于叶片131的旋转轴线1312上。则相当于叶片131与天线11同心设置，当天线11与叶片131有交叠时，此时天线11与叶片131位于不同平面，天线11会遮挡部分风。天线11与叶片131同心设置，天线11与叶片131进行配合，可以使叶片131在各个位置的受力均匀。或者，天线11与叶片131无交叠时，也就是说天线11完全设置于叶片131的外侧，则可以使天线11与叶片131设置于同一平面，且使叶片131与天线11之间无结构干涉，从而可以最大化的利用口面空间，提升口面空间的利用效率。
图11为本申请实施例中通信装置的另一种正向结构示意图，如图11所示，具体实现将上述天线11的形状设置成环状时，一种可能的实施例中，可以使天线11具体包括环状的反射板113，辐射单元阵列112设置于上述环状反射板113，以形成上述环状天线11。
或者，另一种可能的实施例中，还可以使环状天线11包括多个独立的反射板113，反射板113依次首尾固定连接形成环状，每个反射板113对应设置有辐射单元阵列112，以形成上述环状的天线11。上述反射板113具体可以为弧形的条状反射板113，则可以形成圆环状的天线11。上述反射板113还可以为直线形的条状反射板113，则可以形成多边形环状的天线11，参照图4～图6所示。此处对环状天线11的具体形态不进行一一列举。值得说明的是，该实施例中，反射板113与辐射单元阵列112对应的关系，例如，可以使一个反射板113设置有多个不同的辐射单元阵列112，或者，一个反射板113设置有一个辐射单元阵列112；或者，一个辐射单元阵列112设置于一个反射板113，一个辐射单元阵列112设置于至少两个反射板113，本申请对此也不做限制。
当然，在其它实施例中，上述天线11还可以设计成环状具有开口的天线11，本申请对此不作限制，也就是说，天线11不一定围绕叶片131的旋转轴1311形成闭合的环状的结构。
图12为本申请实施例中天线和固定组件连接关系的一种正向结构示意图，如图12所示，在一种实施例中，上述天线11可以包括至少两个子天线116，上述至少两个子天线116分别通过转接件14安装至固定组件12，进而安装至安装架2。也就是说，子天线116之间不进行固定连接，且子天线116分别独立安装于安装架，则通过上述转接件14，可以分别调节子天线116的辐射方向。本申请实施例中的天线11可以根据实际应用场景，灵活调节各个子天线的辐射方向，以丰富天线11的应用场景，提升天线11的辐射范围。在一种实施例中，上述转接件14可以为螺栓、安装孔和多个螺栓孔，螺栓连接上述安装孔和多个螺栓孔中的一个螺栓孔，以利用螺栓连接子天线116和固定组件12。通过调节与安装孔连接的螺栓孔，可以实现调节子天线116的辐射方向。上述多个螺栓孔可以位于子天线116，此时，安装孔位于固定组件12；或者，多个螺栓孔也可以位于固定组件12，此时，安装 孔位于子天线。在其它实施例中，上述转接件14还可以为齿轮组件等，本申请不进行详细描述。
具体的实施例中，每个子天线116具有反射板113和设置于反射板113的辐射单元阵列112。则调节子天线116的辐射方向，即为调节上述子天线116的反射板113和辐射单元阵列112的朝向。
如图12所示，上述至少两个子天线116可以依次首尾靠近设置于叶片131的旋转轴1311的周侧，也就是说，上述至少两个子天线116环绕叶片131的旋转轴1311排列成环状，只不过相邻的子天线116之间无需相互固定连接。具体的，可以认为上述至少两个子天线116包括相邻的第一子天线1161和第二子天线1162，上述第一子天线1161的两端为沿第一方向ρ排布的第一端11611和第二端11612，上述第二子天线1162的两端为沿第一方向ρ排布的第三端11621和第四端11622。上述第二端11612与上述第三端11621靠近，从而排列成上述环状。具体的，上述第一子天线1161与第二子天线1162之间沿第一方向ρ可以间隔一定距离；或者，还可以使第一子天线1161与第二子天线1162之间在沿第一方向ρ具有一定的重叠，但是，需要使第一子天线1161的辐射单元阵列112与第二子天线1162的辐射单元阵列112之间不具有重叠，以保证天线11的通信质量。上述第一方向ρ具体可以为叶片的旋转方向，或者与叶片的旋转方向相反，本申请对此不做限制。
上述实施例中，子天线116的形状具体可以为弧形，此处指的是子天线116的延伸方向(长度方向)为弧形。具体的，可以使反射板113为弧形，此时，弧形子天线116的圆心朝向叶片131的旋转轴线1312。更具体的，可以使上述圆心位于上述旋转轴线1312。则子天线116可以环绕叶片131的旋转轴1311形成圆环状。上述子天线116的形状还可以为直线形，此处指的是子天线116的延伸方向(长度方向)为直线。则反射板113还可以为直线形的条状反射板113，子天线116可以环绕叶片131的旋转轴1311形成多边形环状。此处对多个子天线116形成的结构形态不进行一一列举。值得说明的是，反射板113与辐射单元阵列112对应的关系，例如，可以使一个反射板113设置有多个不同的辐射单元阵列112，或者，一个反射板113设置有一个辐射单元阵列112；或者，一个辐射单元阵列112设置于一个反射板113，一个辐射单元阵列112设置于至少两个反射板113，本申请对此也不做限制。
请继续参考图12，上述天线11可以包括第一辐射单元阵列1121和第二辐射单元阵列1122，上述第一辐射单元阵列1121的工作频段与第二辐射单元阵列1122的工作频段不同。该实施例中的天线11可以工作在不同的辐射频段，支持不同制式的通信系统，例如支持时分双工或者频分双工制式的通信。值得说明的是，此处以图12为例进行说明，然而，在图4～图6所示的实施例中，也就是说，天线11为一体结构时，也可以使天线包括第一辐射单元阵列1121和第二辐射单元阵列1122，第一辐射单元阵列1121的工作频段与第二辐射单元阵列1122的工作频段不同。
图13为本申请实施例中固定杆的一种结构示意图，图14为本申请实施例中固定转轴的一种结构示意图，图15为本申请实施例中固定组件的一种局部剖面结构示意图。如图13～图15所示，上述固定组件12可以包括固定杆121和固定转轴122，上述固定杆121与固定转轴122可转动连接。具体的，可以使固定杆121与固定转轴122套设，固定杆121与固定转轴122周向可相对转动，且轴向相固定。例如，如图13所示，可以使固定杆121具有用于安装固定转轴122的圆孔1211；如图14所示，可以使固定转轴122具有与上述 圆孔1211适配的圆轴1221；如图15所示，固定转轴122的圆轴1221设置于固定杆121的圆孔1211内，使固定转轴122相对于固定杆121转动。
又例如，另一种实施例中，固定杆121具有用于安装固定转轴122的圆轴，固定转轴122具有与上述圆轴适配的圆孔，固定杆121的圆轴设置于固定转轴122的圆孔内，使固定转轴122相对于固定杆121转动。
此外，还可以使上述固定杆121与固定转轴122之间可以设置轴承等配合用的配件，本申请对此不做限制。
具体实施例中，可以使上述固定杆121固定安装于安装架2，叶片131固定安装于固定转轴122，则叶片131在风能的驱动下转动时，带动固定转轴122相对于固定杆121转动，也就是可以相对于安装架2转动。值得说明的是，上述叶片131固定安装于固定转轴122的具体方式不做限制，叶片131可以直接固定于上述固定转轴122，也可以通过其它的连接杆等结构将固定转轴122与叶片131固定连接。天线11固定安装于固定杆121，则天线11可以相对于安装架2固定，而不受叶片131的转动的影响。值得说明的是，上述天线11固定安装于固定杆121的具体方式不做限制，天线11可以直接固定于上述固定杆121，也可以通过其它的连接杆等结构将固定杆121与天线11固定连接。
此外，可以理解的，上述固定组件12可以包括多个部分，例如与叶片131转动连接的第一部分，与天线11连接的第二部分，还可以具有连接上述第一部分和第二部分的第三部分。上述各个部分中可以包括有连接杆，该连接杆为空心连接杆。当连接杆为空心连接杆时，可以在保证连接杆具有较强的强度的同时，降低固定组件12的重量。
具体的实施例中，上述空心连接杆的横截面的形状可以为口字形、日字行、田字形、圆形或者椭圆形等。
图11所示的实施例中，发电组件13包括三片叶片131。在其它实施例中，上述发电组件13还可以包括更多数量的叶片131，如图4所示的实施例中，发电组件13包括六片叶片131，本申请对此不做限制。此外，发电组件13的叶片131可以均匀的分布在叶片131的旋转轴1311的周侧。以提升发电组件13的受力均匀性，提升发电效果。
对于叶片131材质的选择，本申请也不做限制。具体的实施例中，叶片131优选为电介质材料的叶片131，从而降低叶片131对天线11辐射信号的影响。此外，上述叶片131还可以为金属材料的叶片131，以提升叶片131的强度，提升叶片131的使用寿命。
上述发电组件13可以与天线11电连接，用于为天线11供电。具体的，发电组件13可以为天线11的馈电网络供电。该实施例中，通信装置1中的发电组件13产生的电直接提供至天线11，从而可以减少电在存储和传输过程中的损耗，有利于提升发电组件13产生的电的利用率。此外，可以减少通信装置对于其它电力的依赖，减少了从远端供给到天线11的电量，减少这部分电量在传输过程中的损耗。总之，如此设计可以减少无线通信领域的碳排放量，减少了非可再生资源的消耗。
此外，上述发电组件13还可以包括变速装置，该变速装置与叶片131的旋转轴1311连接，用于调节叶片131的转速，之后再传递至发电机132进行发电。该方案可以使得发电机132的发电速率较为稳定，且有利于提升发电效率。
图16为本申请实施例中发电组件的一种结构示意图，如图16所示，上述发电组件13还可以包括变速装置133，该变速装置133与叶片131的旋转轴1311连接，用于调节叶片131的转速，之后再传递至发电机132进行发电。该方案可以使得发电机132的发电速率 较为稳定，且有利于提升发电效率。
请继续参考图16，另一种实施例中，发电组件13还可以包括制动装置134，该制动装置134与叶片131的旋转轴1311连接，用于对叶片131的转动进行制动。例如，当风力过大时，为了防止叶片131受损，需要对叶片131进行制动，以提升叶片131的使用寿命。
图17为本申请实施例中基站天馈系统的一种可能的结构示意图，图18为本申请实施例中基站天馈系统的另一种可能的结构示意图，如图17和图18所示，再一种实施例中，上述发电组件13还可以包括储电装置135和电力管理装置136。上述储电装置135与发电机132电连接，用于存储发电机132产生的电能，并在需要时进行释放。上述电力管理装置136与储电装置135和发电机132电连接，具体的，该电力管理装置136可以控制发电机132产生的电量存储至储电装置135，或者为与发电机132连接的其它设备供电，或者控制储电装置135内存储电量的用途。
值得说明的是，上述储电装置135和电力管理装置136的具体设置位置本申请不做限制。例如，如图17所示，一种具体的实施例中，可以根据需求将储电装置135和电力管理装置136设置于天线11附近，也就是安装架2的高处。如图18所示，另一种具体的实施例中，还可以将储电装置135和电力管理装置136设置于安装架2的低处或者地面。当然，上述储电装置135和电力管理装置136可以设置于不同的位置，例如，储电装置135设置于天线11的附近，而电力管理装置136设置于安装架2的低处或者地面；或者，电力管理装置136设置于天线11的附近，而储电装置135设置于安装架2的低处或者地面。
以上实施例中所使用的术语只是为了描述特定实施例的目的，而并非旨在作为对本申请的限制。如在本申请的说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，单数表达形式“一个”、“一种”、“所述”、“上述”、“该”和“这一”旨在也包括例如“一个或多个”这种表达形式，除非其上下文中明确地有相反指示。
在本说明书中描述的参考“一个实施例”或“具体的实施例”等意味着在本申请的一个或多个实施例中包括结合该实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特点。术语“包括”、“包含”、“具有”及它们的变形都意味着“包括但不限于”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。
上述各个实施例可以为单独的实施例，也可以进行结合。例如将各个实施例中至少两个实施例中的技术特征结合形成新的实施例，本申请对此不做限制。
以上，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括发电组件、天线和固定组件，所述发电组件包括叶片和发电机，所述叶片的旋转轴与所述发电机连接，所述天线围绕所述叶片的所述旋转轴设置，所述叶片、所述发电机和所述天线安装至所述固定组件，所述固定组件用于将所述叶片、所述发电机和所述天线安装至安装架。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述天线背离所述叶片的旋转轴线的边缘与所述旋转轴线的最大距离小于或者等于所述叶片的旋转半径的2倍。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述天线朝向所述叶片的旋转轴线的边缘与所述旋转轴线的最小距离大于或者等于所述叶片的旋转半径的0.5倍。
  4. 如权利要求1～3任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述天线朝向所述旋转轴线的一侧具有侧面，所述侧面与所述叶片的旋转面之间的夹角大于90°。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述天线朝向所述旋转轴线的侧面为弯曲面。
  6. 如权利要求1～5任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述天线在所述旋转轴线的投影，与所述叶片在所述旋转轴线的投影至少部分重叠。
  7. 如权利要求1～6任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述天线为一体结构。
  8. 如权利要求1～7任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述天线的形状为圆环状或者正多边形环状。
  9. 如权利要求1～6任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述天线包括至少两个子天线，所述至少两个子天线分别通过转接件安装至所述固定组件，所述转接件用于调节所述子天线的辐射方向。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述至少两个子天线围绕所述旋转轴排列成环状。
  11. 如权利要求9或10所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述子天线的形状为直线形或者弧形，所述弧形的圆心朝向所述叶片的旋转轴。
  12. 如权利要求1～11任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述固定组件包括固定杆和固定转轴，所述固定转轴与所述固定杆同轴连接，所述叶片固定安装于所述固定转轴，所述天线与所述固定杆固定连接。
  13. 如权利要求1～12任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述叶片为金属材料的叶片，或者电介质材料的叶片。
  14. 如权利要求1～13任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，其特征在于，所述发电组件还包括变速装置制动装置中的至少一个；
    若所述发电组件包括所述变速装置，所述变速装置与所述叶片的旋转轴连接；
    若所述发电组件包括所述制动装置，所述制动装置与所述叶片的旋转轴连接。
  15. 如权利要求1～14任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述发电组件还包括储电装置和电力管理装置，所述储电装置与所述发电机电连接，所述电力管理装置与所述储电装置和所述发电机分别电连接。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述发电组件与所述天线电连接，用于为所述天线供电。
  17. 如权利要求1～16任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述天线包括第一辐射单元阵列和第二辐射单元阵列，所述第一辐射单元阵列的工作频段与所述第二辐射单元阵列的工作频段不同。
  18. 如权利要求1～17任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述固定组件包括连接杆，所述连接杆为空心连接杆。
  19. 一种基站天馈系统，其特征在于，包括安装架和如权利要求1～18任一项所述的通信装置，所述通信装置安装于所述安装架。
PCT/CN2023/081009 2022-03-14 2023-03-13 一种通信装置及基站天馈系统 WO2023174196A1 (zh)

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