WO2023163137A1 - インピーダンス測定装置、測定方法および二次電池診断システム - Google Patents

インピーダンス測定装置、測定方法および二次電池診断システム Download PDF

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WO2023163137A1
WO2023163137A1 PCT/JP2023/006891 JP2023006891W WO2023163137A1 WO 2023163137 A1 WO2023163137 A1 WO 2023163137A1 JP 2023006891 W JP2023006891 W JP 2023006891W WO 2023163137 A1 WO2023163137 A1 WO 2023163137A1
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wave
input signal
impedance
voltage
current
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
向山大吉
向山公一
井上一孝
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Denchi Inc
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Denchi Inc
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Priority to CN202380036662.1A priority Critical patent/CN119096148A/zh
Priority to KR1020247031956A priority patent/KR20240156450A/ko
Priority to EP23760135.6A priority patent/EP4484970A4/en
Priority to JP2023551086A priority patent/JPWO2023163137A1/ja
Priority to US18/841,561 priority patent/US20250180660A1/en
Publication of WO2023163137A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023163137A1/ja
Priority to JP2024109247A priority patent/JP2024147617A/ja
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
    • G01R23/005—Circuits for comparing several input signals and for indicating the result of this comparison, e.g. equal, different, greater, smaller (comparing phase or frequency of 2 mutually independent oscillations in demodulators)
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
    • G01R23/02—Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
    • G01R23/02—Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage
    • G01R23/12—Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage by converting frequency into phase shift
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/02—Measuring characteristics of individual pulses, e.g. deviation from pulse flatness, rise time or duration
    • G01R29/023—Measuring pulse width
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/02—Measuring characteristics of individual pulses, e.g. deviation from pulse flatness, rise time or duration
    • G01R29/027—Indicating that a pulse characteristic is either above or below a predetermined value or within or beyond a predetermined range of values
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/371—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with remote indication, e.g. on external chargers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention provides an impedance measuring device and method capable of acquiring impedance values at more frequencies with a simple configuration and in a short time, and also using the impedance measuring device to diagnose the state of a battery with high accuracy. It is an object of the present invention to provide a secondary battery diagnosis system capable of
  • lithium-ion batteries have been widely used as mobile power sources installed in smartphones and laptop computers.
  • they have come to be used as on-board power sources for electric vehicles and large-sized storage batteries for power storage, making it more important than ever to ensure durability and safety.
  • an AC impedance method in which a sinusoidal AC wave is applied to the battery to obtain an impedance response.
  • a sinusoidal AC wave is applied to the battery to obtain an impedance response.
  • An object of the present invention is to acquire impedance values at more frequencies with a simple configuration and a single measurement in impedance measurement, thereby improving the impedance analysis accuracy used for battery condition diagnosis and the like. It is in.
  • the present invention is characterized by using a staircase wave with three or more steps as an input signal in impedance measurement.
  • the impedance measuring apparatus of the present invention includes an applying unit that applies a voltage or current consisting of three or more stepped waves as an input signal to an arbitrary electrochemical system, a voltage input value or current input value of the input signal, A measurement unit that measures a current response value or voltage response value corresponding to the input signal as a response signal, and a calculation unit that calculates impedance values at a plurality of frequencies from the current response value or voltage response value of the response signal. It is characterized by
  • the impedance measurement method of the present invention includes an applying step of applying a voltage or current consisting of three or more stepped waves as an input signal to an arbitrary electrochemical system, a voltage input value or current input value of the input signal, A measurement step of measuring a current response value or voltage response value corresponding to the input signal as a response signal; and a calculation step of calculating impedance values at a plurality of frequencies from the current response value or voltage response value of the response signal. It is characterized.
  • the input signal is desirably a voltage or current consisting of 3 to 5 stages of staircase waves. Moreover, it is preferable that the input signal is a stepped wave obtained by superimposing two or more square waves having different frequencies. Moreover, it is desirable that the input signal is a stepped wave obtained by superimposing two or more square waves having different frequencies and amplitudes. Moreover, it is preferable that the input signal is a stepped wave obtained by superimposing two or more square waves having different frequencies while shifting the phases of each other. Moreover, it is desirable that the input signal is a staircase wave that is not a pseudo sine wave.
  • the input signal is obtained by superimposing one or two or more square waves obtained by multiplying the frequency of the reference square wave by (n+1)/n (where n is an integer from 1 to 5) on the reference square wave.
  • a staircase wave is desirable.
  • the input signal is obtained by multiplying the frequency of the reference square wave by (n+1)/n (where n is an integer from 1 to 5), and increasing the amplitude of the reference square wave by n/(n+1). ) (n is an integer of 1 to 5) or less.
  • the input signal is a square wave that is obtained by multiplying the frequency of the reference square wave by (n+1)/n (where n is an integer of 1 to 5). It is desirable that the staircase wave is obtained by superimposing the wave with a phase shift of 10 to 350°.
  • the battery diagnostic device of the present invention includes the impedance measuring device.
  • the battery diagnostic method of the present invention comprises the impedance measuring method.
  • the secondary battery diagnostic system of the present invention includes a connecting portion conforming to the charging/discharging standard of the secondary battery to be measured, and a voltage or current consisting of three or more staircase waves as an input signal.
  • an application unit that applies voltage to a secondary battery; a measurement unit that measures the voltage input value or current input value of the input signal and the current response value or voltage response value corresponding to the input signal as a response signal; and the current of the response signal.
  • a calculation unit that calculates impedance values at a plurality of frequencies from the response value or the voltage response value, an analysis unit that analyzes the state of deterioration of the battery based on the impedance values, and an input signal and response signal obtained by the measurement unit.
  • a storage unit for storing the impedance value obtained by the calculation unit and/or the analysis result of the deterioration state obtained by the analysis unit.
  • the application unit, the measurement unit, the calculation unit, the analysis unit, and the storage unit can communicate with each other via a network. Further, it is desirable to have a mobile terminal capable of communicating via the network. Further, it is preferable that the measurement unit applies a staircase wave having three or more stages as an input signal to the secondary battery to be measured as the discharge voltage or the discharge current of the secondary battery. Further, a charging facility connectable to a secondary battery to be measured and an application unit via the connection unit is provided, and in the measurement unit, the charging voltage or charging current to the secondary battery is a staircase wave of 3 or more steps. is preferably applied to the secondary battery to be measured as an input signal.
  • the present invention it is possible to acquire impedance values at more frequencies with a simple configuration and with a single measurement, thereby improving the accuracy of impedance analysis used for battery condition diagnosis and the like. can.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the impedance measuring device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows examples of staircase waves with 2 to 4 steps ((A) 2 steps, (B) 3 steps, (C) 4 steps).
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of a three-stage staircase wave obtained by superimposing square waves with phases shifted.
  • FIG. 4 is a plot of frequencies at which impedance values are obtained when 2 to 4 steps of staircase waves are used ((A) 2 steps, (B) 3 steps, (C) 4 steps).
  • FIG. 5 is a Nyquist diagram of a battery measured by a 2 to 4-step staircase wave.
  • FIG. 6 is a frequency characteristic diagram of a battery measured by a 2- to 4-step staircase wave.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the secondary battery diagnosis system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 shows a secondary battery diagnostic system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows a secondary battery diagnostic system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the impedance measuring device 10 of the present invention includes an applying section 20, a measuring section 30, and a calculating section 40.
  • the term "impedance” is not limited to those satisfying immutability in a narrow sense, but also includes impedances that change with time, such as in situ impedance.
  • the battery 1 to be measured is connected to the application section 20 and the measurement section 30, respectively.
  • the measurement target is a battery, but any other electrochemical system may be used.
  • electrical appliances such as electrochemical cells, capacitors, and speakers may be used.
  • batteries include lithium-ion batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, and the like, regardless of whether they are primary batteries or secondary batteries.
  • the present invention is particularly useful for measuring the impedance of a large-sized vehicle battery or a large-sized storage battery, or diagnosing the state of the battery based on the impedance measurement.
  • the application unit 20 is connected to the battery 1 and applies to the battery 1 a voltage or current consisting of three or more stepped waves as an input signal.
  • the measurement unit 30 is connected to the battery 1 and the application unit 20, and the voltage input value or current input value of the input signal from the application unit 20 and the current response value or current response value of the battery 1 corresponding to the input signal from the application unit 20. Measure the voltage response value.
  • the applying unit 20 applies a voltage value controlled to form a staircase wave of three or more steps to the battery 1 as an input signal, and measures the change in the current value as the response signal. do.
  • the applying unit 20 when looking at the response at a constant current, applies a current value controlled to form a staircase wave with three or more steps to the battery 1 as an input signal, and changes in the voltage value as the response signal. to measure. Therefore, the application section 20 needs to control the input signal so as to have a predetermined voltage value or current value. For example, by using a power controller provided in charging/discharging equipment for the battery to be measured, the input signal can be adjusted so as to have a constant current or constant voltage.
  • FIG. 2 shows examples of staircase waves having 2 to 4 steps.
  • a staircase wave is a waveform in which a voltage value or a current value changes in a stepwise manner with respect to time.
  • the number of steps in the staircase wave means the number of steady portions (linear portions) of the voltage value or current value per cycle (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-266951). Therefore, a one-step staircase wave is a signal controlled to have a constant voltage value or current value, and the waveform is a single straight line.
  • a two-stage staircase wave is one in which there are two steady portions of the voltage or current value per cycle, and as shown in Fig. 2(A), the high level and low level are switched by ON/OFF.
  • a pseudo-pulse waveform that That is, it is a waveform composed of a substantially linear transition between a high-level steady portion and a low-level steady portion. is a typical square wave. Also, the smaller the high level ratio, the closer to a typical pulse wave. In addition, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, the impedance measurement is performed using this two-step staircase wave (square wave), which is a pseudo pulse waveform.
  • the impedance measuring device of the present invention uses a staircase wave with three or more steps as an input signal.
  • FIGS. 2B and 2C show examples of a 3-step staircase wave and a 4-step staircase wave.
  • the 3-step staircase wave is a signal with three steady portions of the voltage value or current value (hereinafter referred to as the number of steps) per cycle
  • the 4-step staircase wave is a signal with four steps per cycle.
  • the waveforms of these staircase waves are also waveforms that transition substantially linearly between the steady portion.
  • a three-step staircase wave is obtained by superimposing two two-step staircase waves having different frequencies, that is, two square waves. That is, by superimposing a square wave of a different frequency on a standard square wave of 1, a 3-step staircase wave can be obtained.
  • the 3-step staircase wave shown in FIG. are obtained by superimposing a square wave having twice the frequency of the reference square wave.
  • a four-step staircase wave is obtained by superimposing three square waves with different frequencies.
  • the four-step staircase wave shown in Fig. 2(C) is a square wave with 3/2 times the frequency of the reference square wave, and a square wave with twice the frequency. It was obtained by Here, the number of stages of the staircase wave means the number of stationary portions (linear portions) of the voltage value or current value per cycle, and the number of stationary portions appearing multiple times with the same absolute value is counted as one. That is, the staircase wave in FIG. 2(C) has 4 steps because steady portions appear at four positions of +1A, +0.33A, -0.33A, and -1A as absolute values. .
  • a staircase wave with 5 or more steps can be obtained by superimposing 4 or more square waves with different frequencies in the same way as the 3- and 4-step staircase waves described above. That is, by superimposing four square waves, a five-step staircase wave is obtained, and by superimposing five square waves, a six-step staircase wave is obtained.
  • a staircase wave with six or more steps may have a complex waveform and may be difficult to control.
  • the frequency of the staircase wave used in the present invention is not particularly limited, it is desirable to adjust the frequency to 100 Hz or less.
  • a stepped wave obtained by superimposing one or more square waves whose frequency is (n+1)/n (where n is an integer of 1 to 5) times the reference square wave It is desirable to use That is, a step obtained by superimposing one or more square waves whose frequency is 2, 3/2, 4/3, 5/4, or 6/5 times the reference square wave. Waves can be preferably used.
  • the periods overlap at the n-fold position.
  • the cycles overlap at the position of 1 time.
  • the periods overlap at twice the position, and if a square wave that is 4/3 times the reference square wave is superimposed, it is 3 times the period.
  • the periods overlap at the position of . In this way, by superimposing (n+1)/n times the square wave, the period overlaps at the n times position. Signal analysis processing is also easy.
  • the amplitude of the square wave to be superimposed may be the same as or different from the amplitude of the reference square wave. Specifically, it is also preferable that the amplitude of the square wave to be superimposed is less than or equal to the reciprocal of the multiple of the frequency. For example, when a square wave whose frequency is double that of the reference square wave is to be superimposed, the amplitude of the square wave is set to 1/2 or less that of the reference square wave.
  • a square wave with a frequency of 3/2 times has an amplitude of 2/3 times or less
  • a square wave with a frequency of 4/3 times has an amplitude of 3/4 times or less
  • a square wave with a frequency of 5/4 times has an amplitude of 4/4.
  • the amplitude is adjusted and superimposed, such as 5 times or less.
  • the amplitude is preferably n/(n+1) times or less.
  • the stepped wave with three or more steps shown in FIGS. 2B and 2C is a suitable example of the input signal used in the present invention.
  • the staircase wave in FIG. 2B has three steps, and is a waveform obtained by superimposing a square wave whose frequency is doubled (with the same amplitude) on the reference square wave.
  • This staircase wave has a period of 1.0 second, a reference of 0A, a first stage of +1A, a second stage of 0A, and a third stage of -1A.
  • the staircase wave in Fig. 2(C) has four steps. This is a waveform obtained by superimposing a square wave that is 2/3 times larger. This staircase wave has a period of 2.0 seconds, a reference of 0A, +1A at the first stage, +0.33A at the second stage, -0.33A at the third stage, and -1A at the fourth stage.
  • the staircase waves shown in FIGS. 2(B) and (C) are both positive and negative symmetrical waveforms with the reference being 0A, but the reference does not have to be 0A.
  • a waveform with +3A as the reference, +4A on the high level side and +2A on the low level side, or -3A with -2A on the high level side and -4A on the low level side may be used. .
  • it is possible to measure while the charging current or discharging current is flowing through the battery. can be designed.
  • square waves having different phases may be used for the reference square wave, the superimposed square wave, or both.
  • a normal square wave linearly rises to a steady-state voltage value or a steady-state current value at the same time as the input as shown in FIG. 2(A).
  • the phase of such a square wave is shifted, the rising edge of the input signal is delayed by the shifted phase, resulting in waveforms with different periods in units of time even if the shape is the same. Therefore, a wider variety of stepped waves can be created by superimposing square waves that are out of phase with each other.
  • Fig. 3 shows a stepped wave obtained by superimposing a square wave whose phase is shifted with respect to the reference square wave.
  • the three-stage staircase wave shown in FIG. 3 is obtained by superimposing a square wave whose frequency is doubled and whose phase is shifted by 180° with respect to a reference square wave.
  • the three-stage staircase wave obtained by superimposing square waves with the same phase shown in FIG. the characteristics of changes in the input signal are different even if they have similar shapes.
  • the appropriate staircase wave as an input signal for obtaining a stable impedance value may vary. Therefore, it may be required to design a wider variety of staircase waves for impedance measurement.
  • the phase of the reference square wave may be shifted, and the phase of the square wave to be superimposed may be shifted.
  • the phases of both the reference wave and the superimposed wave may be shifted. Since one period is 360°, the phase of the square wave may be shifted in the range of 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 360°, and it is particularly desirable to shift the phase of the square wave in the range of 10 to 350°.
  • the waveform of the staircase wave used in the present invention is not a pseudo-sine wave.
  • a waveform called a quasi-sine wave is known, which is made by approximating a fine stepped waveform to a sine wave, and is sometimes used as an alternative waveform to an AC sine wave.
  • impedance measurement if an AC sine wave is used, only one impedance value at one frequency can be obtained in one measurement. Therefore, if such a pseudo sine wave is used as the staircase wave of the present invention, it may not be possible to obtain the effect of the present invention of obtaining impedance values at more frequencies in a single measurement.
  • Figure 4 shows the case of using a 2-step staircase wave (square wave) (Fig. 2(A)), the case of using a 3-step staircase wave (Fig. 2(B)), and the case of using a 4-step staircase wave.
  • a frequency plot of impedance values is shown for each of the cases (FIG. 2(C)). The result is the same whether the stepped wave shown in FIG. 2B is used as the three-stepped wave or the stepped wave shown in FIG. 3 is used.
  • the impedance value in the low frequency range is very important.
  • the impedance measuring device of the present invention it is possible to obtain more data in the low frequency range, so that the analysis accuracy of the battery can be greatly improved.
  • the conventional AC impedance method using a sine wave there were problems such as the need for expensive equipment such as frequency analysis equipment and potentiostats, and the difficulty in controlling the input voltage.
  • the impedance measuring device can perform analysis with a relatively simple configuration that controls arbitrary voltage/current values with time.
  • the measurement unit 30 is connected to the battery 1 and the application unit 20, and measures the voltage input value or current input value of the input signal from the application unit 20 and the current response value or voltage response of the battery 1 corresponding to the input signal from the application unit 20. measure the value.
  • the measured input signal and response signal are sent to the calculation unit 40 connected to the measurement unit 30, and the calculation unit 40 performs frequency analysis such as Fourier transform and wavelet transform on the input signal and the response signal. Impedance values of battery 1 at a plurality of frequencies are calculated.
  • the measurement section 30 measures the input signal from the application section 20 and the response signal from the battery 1, and the calculation section 40 obtains the input spectrum and the output spectrum. Then, the impedance values Z' and Z'' at the respective frequencies are calculated from the cross-correlation function/auto-correlation function of this spectrum.
  • Figure 5 shows the Nyquist diagram of the impedance value calculated from the input/output spectrum obtained by inputting the staircase waves shown in Figures 2 (A) to (C) into the battery as the input signal (current input value), and the frequency characteristic diagram. is shown in FIG.
  • the impedance data obtained using the two-step staircase wave square wave
  • the impedance data obtained using the three-step staircase wave shown in Fig. 5(B) has more data in the low frequency range of 1 to 10 Hz, so the shape of the curve is more pronounced. You can see that it is clear. Moreover, in the impedance data obtained using the four-step staircase wave shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the secondary battery diagnosis system of the present invention.
  • the secondary battery diagnosis system 100 of the present invention includes a secondary battery 1 to be measured, a connection section 110, an application section 120, a measurement section 130, a calculation section 140, and an analysis section. 150 and a storage unit 160 .
  • Secondary battery 1 to be measured communicates with application section 120 and measurement section 130 via connection section 110 .
  • the application unit 120, the measurement unit 130, the calculation unit 140, the analysis unit 150, and the storage unit 160 are in a state of being able to communicate with each other via the network.
  • the secondary battery 1 to be measured is a rechargeable battery, such as a lithium-ion battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery, and a lead-acid battery.
  • the present invention is particularly useful for diagnosing vehicle-mounted secondary batteries or large stationary storage batteries, but can also be used for other secondary batteries.
  • connection part 110 conforms to the charging/discharging standard of the secondary battery 1 to be measured.
  • charging/discharging standards for electric vehicles include CHAdeMO, GB/T, CCS1, CCS2, and Tesla.
  • the connecting portion 110 is a charging connector conforming to the charging/discharging standard of the inlet of the secondary battery 1 side.
  • the connecting section 110 communicates with the applying section 120 and the measuring section 130 via cables.
  • the application unit 120, the measurement unit 130, and the calculation unit 140 are substantially the same as the application unit and measurement unit of the impedance measurement device described above, and will be briefly described below.
  • the application unit 120 communicates with the secondary battery 1 to be measured via the connection unit 110, and applies a voltage or current consisting of three or more stepped waves to the secondary battery 1 as an input signal.
  • the staircase wave with three or more steps is a waveform having three or more steady portions of the voltage value or the current value per cycle.
  • the measurement unit 130 communicates with the secondary battery 1 and the application unit 120, and measures the voltage input value or current input value of the input signal from the application unit 120 and the secondary battery 1 corresponding to the input signal from the application unit 120. Measure the current response value or voltage response value.
  • the input signal and the response signal measured by the measurement unit 130 are transmitted to the calculation unit 140 via the network, and the calculation unit 140 performs frequency analysis such as Fourier transform and wavelet transform on the input signal and the response signal. Impedance values of the secondary battery 1 at a plurality of frequencies are calculated.
  • the secondary battery diagnosis system of the present invention by using a staircase wave with three or more steps as an input signal, impedance values at more frequencies can be obtained in a single measurement than in the conventional method. be done. For this reason, even minute changes in impedance characteristics can be read, and impedance analysis accuracy can be greatly improved.
  • the impedance value data calculated by the calculation unit 140 is transmitted to the analysis unit 150 via the network, and the analysis unit 150 performs predetermined analysis processing to obtain detailed deterioration information of the secondary battery 1. . More specifically, for example, the analysis unit 150 can perform fitting of the impedance value data obtained by the calculation unit 140 using a predetermined equivalent circuit to obtain detailed analysis data.
  • an equivalent circuit is designed based on these elementary processes.
  • the analysis data obtained in this manner is transmitted to the storage unit 160 via the network.
  • more detailed deterioration information can be obtained by calling the analysis data stored in the storage unit 160 and comparing the analysis data obtained between various batteries as needed.
  • the analysis unit 150 may perform not only such fitting analysis but also various other analysis processes such as history and temperature information.
  • the input signal and response signal measured by the measuring unit 130, the impedance value data calculated by the calculating unit 140, and the analysis data obtained by the analyzing unit 150 are all transmitted to the storage unit 160 via the network and stored. be done. Alternatively, the information may be transmitted from the storage unit 160 to a terminal separately communicably connected as necessary. For example, it is possible to operate from a terminal equipped with an input device such as a keyboard, mouse, or touch panel, such as a PC or a smartphone, and check impedance value data and analysis data from the terminal equipped with a display.
  • an input device such as a keyboard, mouse, or touch panel, such as a PC or a smartphone
  • the measurement unit 130, the calculation unit 140, the analysis unit 150, and the storage unit 160 may be a stand-alone device that is integrated into one device and is not connected to an external network.
  • the input signal and the response signal obtained in the measurement unit 130 are transmitted from the device provided with the measurement unit 130 to an external server via a network, and the calculation unit 140, the analysis unit 150 and the The processing may be performed in the storage unit 160 .
  • calculation processing, analysis processing, and the like in the external server can be operated directly from the measuring device.
  • the processing in the server may be operated from a terminal such as a PC or a smart phone separately provided so as to be able to communicate with the network.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a secondary battery diagnostic system 200 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the secondary battery diagnostic system 200 of this embodiment the secondary battery 1 mounted on the electric vehicle 2 is connected to the application section 120 and the measurement section 130 via the connection section 110 .
  • the PC is equipped with a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, an external storage device, etc., and functions as a calculation unit 140 , an analysis unit 150 and a storage unit 160 .
  • the application unit 120 and the measurement unit 130 are connected to a PC in a mutually communicable state through communication such as a wired cable, wireless LAN, 5G, or Bluetooth.
  • Unit 140, analysis unit 150, and storage unit 160 are in a state of being able to communicate with each other via a network.
  • all operations related to application, measurement, calculation, and analysis can be performed from a PC via a network. For example, by calling a control program stored in the external storage device of the PC and executing the program, all the work from application, measurement, calculation and analysis is automatically performed, and the analysis result is the diagnostic result of the secondary battery 1. can be displayed on the display as
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a secondary battery diagnosis system 300 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the application section 120 and the measurement section 130 are connected via the connection section 110 to the secondary battery 1 mounted on the electric vehicle 2, as in the previous embodiment.
  • a calculation unit 140, an analysis unit 150, and a storage unit 160 are installed on a server remote from the electric vehicle 2, and this server, the application unit 120, and the measurement unit 130 communicate with each other via the Internet. is in a possible state.
  • a mobile terminal such as a smartphone is separately provided so as to be able to communicate with the application unit 120, the measurement unit 130, and the server.
  • the secondary battery system 300 software including various control programs is installed in the smart phone, so that the application, measurement, calculation, and analysis can be operated from the outside. Moreover, the analysis result can be displayed on the smartphone screen as the diagnosis result of the secondary battery 1, and the battery diagnosis can be performed with a very simple operation.
  • the secondary battery diagnostic system of the present invention when applying a voltage or current composed of three or more stepped waves as an input signal to the secondary battery 1, the stepped wave of three or more steps is directly applied as an AC signal.
  • a DC signal such as the discharge current or discharge voltage of the secondary battery, or the charge current or charge voltage of the secondary battery may be applied as the input signal.
  • the waveform of the discharge voltage or discharge current is controlled to be a staircase wave with three or more steps. That is, the staircase waves illustrated in FIGS. 2B and 2C are waveforms in the range of +1A to -1A with 0 as the reference, but when the staircase wave is input as the discharge current, for example , -3A as a reference, -2A on the high level side and -4A on the low level side. It is possible to set the high level side to 0, but since it may be difficult to handle a stable signal at 0 level, it is desirable to adjust the input signal so that at least the current value does not become 0.
  • a charging facility that can be connected to the secondary battery to be measured and the application unit through the connection unit is required.
  • electric vehicles are charged by inserting a connector of a charging facility into a connecting portion of a secondary battery and applying a charging current.
  • a DC charging current is a stationary current with approximately a constant amperage, and by superimposing three or more stepped waves thereon, the stepped wave is applied to the secondary battery as an input signal.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
  • Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
PCT/JP2023/006891 2022-02-27 2023-02-25 インピーダンス測定装置、測定方法および二次電池診断システム Ceased WO2023163137A1 (ja)

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CN202380036662.1A CN119096148A (zh) 2022-02-27 2023-02-25 阻抗测定装置、测定方法以及二次电池诊断系统
KR1020247031956A KR20240156450A (ko) 2022-02-27 2023-02-25 임피던스 측정 장치, 측정 방법 및 2차 전지 진단 시스템
EP23760135.6A EP4484970A4 (en) 2022-02-27 2023-02-25 Impedance measurement device, measurement method, and secondary battery diagnosis system
JP2023551086A JPWO2023163137A1 (https=) 2022-02-27 2023-02-25
US18/841,561 US20250180660A1 (en) 2022-02-27 2023-02-25 Impedance measurement device, measurement method and secondary battery diagnosis system
JP2024109247A JP2024147617A (ja) 2022-02-27 2024-07-05 インピーダンス測定装置、測定方法および二次電池診断システム

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JP2007266951A (ja) 2006-03-28 2007-10-11 Toshiba Corp アナログデジタル変換装置
JP2013050433A (ja) * 2011-07-29 2013-03-14 Yokogawa Electric Corp 電池監視装置
JP2014126532A (ja) 2012-12-27 2014-07-07 Waseda Univ 電気化学システム
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EP4484970A4 (en) 2026-03-04
JP2024147617A (ja) 2024-10-16
KR20240156450A (ko) 2024-10-29
JPWO2023163137A1 (https=) 2023-08-31
EP4484970A1 (en) 2025-01-01
CN119096148A (zh) 2024-12-06

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