WO2023159847A1 - 电池单体、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023159847A1
WO2023159847A1 PCT/CN2022/103094 CN2022103094W WO2023159847A1 WO 2023159847 A1 WO2023159847 A1 WO 2023159847A1 CN 2022103094 W CN2022103094 W CN 2022103094W WO 2023159847 A1 WO2023159847 A1 WO 2023159847A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hole
wall
segment
battery cell
hole section
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/103094
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
柯海波
李全坤
杨开焕
邢承友
梅祥
王鹏
雷育永
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202280022583.0A priority Critical patent/CN117044023A/zh
Publication of WO2023159847A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023159847A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular, to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • the battery cell of the battery is assembled into an electrode assembly (bare cell) by winding or laminating the positive pole piece, the negative pole piece and the separator, and then put it into the case, then cover the end cap, and finally inject the electrolyte obtained, and a pressure relief component is set on the casing or end cap to release the internal pressure of the battery cell when the battery cell is thermally runaway, but the discharge component of the battery cell in the prior art is in use In the process, there is a problem of poor stability in use, which leads to low safety in use of the battery cells.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device, which can effectively improve the safety of the battery cell.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, including a casing, a pressure relief mechanism, and a protective member;
  • the casing is provided with a stepped hole communicating with the inside of the casing, and the stepped hole includes a A first hole segment and a second hole segment are provided, the first hole segment is located on the side of the second hole segment away from the interior of the housing;
  • the pressure relief mechanism and the protection member are respectively arranged on the In the second hole section and the first hole section, the protection member covers at least part of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the casing is provided with a stepped hole for installing the pressure relief mechanism and the protective piece, and the protective piece and the pressure relief mechanism are respectively arranged in the first hole section and the second hole section of the stepped hole along the first direction. and the first hole section is located on the side of the second hole section away from the inside of the casing, so that the protective member can cover at least part of the pressure relief mechanism to protect the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the battery cell with this structure It can reduce the phenomenon that the protective part protrudes from the outer surface of the shell. On the one hand, it can better protect the protective part, so as to reduce the risk of wear or damage of the protective part during use, and is beneficial to the protection of the protective part against leakage.
  • the protection of the pressure mechanism can effectively improve the service life of the battery cell, and can effectively improve the use stability and safety of the battery cell. On the other hand, it can reduce the phenomenon that the protective part increases the volume of the battery cell, which is beneficial to Save the occupied space of battery cells.
  • the diameter of the first hole segment is larger than the diameter of the second hole segment.
  • the stepped hole has a structure whose aperture gradually decreases along the first direction, and the battery cell adopting this structure is assembled During the process, it is convenient to install the pressure relief mechanism in the second hole section from the outside of the casing, and it is convenient to install the protection part in the first hole section, which is beneficial to reduce the difficulty of assembling the pressure relief mechanism and the protection part.
  • the stepped hole further includes a third hole segment; the first hole segment, the second hole segment and the third hole segment are arranged along the first direction, and the third hole segment
  • the aperture of the hole section is smaller than the aperture of the second hole section
  • the pressure relief mechanism is arranged in the second hole section and covers the third hole section
  • the protection member is arranged in the first hole section , and cover the second hole segment.
  • the stepped hole is provided with at least three hole sections, that is, the first hole section, the second hole section and the third hole section arranged along the first direction.
  • the pressure relief mechanism By setting the pressure relief mechanism on the second hole section and cover the third hole section, so that the pressure relief mechanism can release the internal pressure of the battery cell, and it is beneficial to improve the assembly stability and reliability of the pressure relief mechanism assembled into the stepped hole.
  • the protective piece by arranging the protective piece in the first hole section and covering the second hole section, the protective piece can completely cover the pressure relief mechanism, thereby better protecting the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the depth of the first hole segment is H 1 , which satisfies 0.2mm ⁇ H1 ⁇ 0.6mm .
  • the difficulty in assembling the protective part due to the too small depth of the first hole section can be alleviated; It can alleviate the phenomenon that the processing difficulty of the first hole segment is relatively high due to the excessive depth of the first hole segment, and can alleviate the need to squeeze the first hole segment during processing due to the excessive depth of the first hole segment. Press and remove more material, so as to cause the outer surface of the shell to partially bulge or be partially extruded and super-wide during the processing of the first hole section.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first hole segment is S, when 50mm 2 ⁇ S ⁇ 700mm 2 , 0.2mm ⁇ H 1 ⁇ 0.6mm; when 700mm 2 ⁇ S ⁇ 1500mm 2 , 0.2mm ⁇ H 1 ⁇ 0.4mm.
  • the depth of the first hole section is set at 0.2mm to 0.6mm, and when the cross-sectional area of the first hole section is 700mm 2 to 1500mm 2 , set the depth of the first hole section at 0.2mm to 0.4mm, that is to say, when the cross-sectional area of the first hole section is different, it is necessary to cooperate to set the depth of the first hole section at different range, to alleviate the need to extrude and remove more material during the processing of the first hole segment when the cross-section of the first hole segment is too large and the depth of the first hole segment is too large, which is beneficial to reduce the shell During the processing of the first hole section, the outer surface is partially bulged or partially extruded and super-wide.
  • the depth of the second hole segment is H 2 , satisfying 0.4mm ⁇ H 2 ⁇ 0.8mm.
  • the depth of the second hole section at 0.4mm to 0.8mm, on the one hand, it can alleviate the difficulty of assembling the pressure relief mechanism caused by the too small depth of the second hole section and the difficulty of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the problem of poor connection reliability on the other hand, can alleviate the phenomenon that the processing difficulty of the second hole section increases due to the excessive depth of the second hole section.
  • the depth of the third hole segment is H 3 , which satisfies 0.3mm ⁇ H 3 ⁇ 2mm.
  • the depth of the third hole section at 0.3mm to 2mm, on the one hand, it can relieve the pressure relief mechanism from being used for support and maintenance when the third hole section is covered by the third hole section because the depth of the third hole section is too small.
  • the first hole segment, the second hole segment and the third hole segment are arranged continuously along the first direction.
  • the stepped hole with this structure can also set more hole sections on one side of the third hole section along the first direction, which is beneficial to further increase the distance between the pressure relief mechanism and the inner surface wall of the casing to reduce the Vibration conditions or the expansion of the electrode assembly of the battery cell will cause the risk of shock or extrusion to the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the stepped hole further includes a fourth hole segment; along the first direction, the fourth hole segment is located between the first hole segment and the second hole segment, the first hole segment
  • the pore diameter of the four-hole section is smaller than that of the first hole section and larger than that of the second hole section.
  • a fourth hole segment is provided between the first hole segment and the second hole segment along the first direction, so that the first hole segment and the second hole segment are separated by the fourth hole segment, thereby It is beneficial to increase the distance between the pressure relief mechanism and the protective part, and further facilitates the pressure relief mechanism to release the pressure inside the battery cell, so as to ensure the normal use of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the depth of the fourth hole segment is H 4 , which satisfies 0.2mm ⁇ H4 ⁇ 0.4mm .
  • the depth of the fourth hole section at 0.2mm to 0.4mm, on the one hand, it can alleviate the phenomenon that the distance between the pressure relief mechanism and the protective member is not enough due to the too small depth of the fourth hole section , to ensure the normal use of the pressure relief mechanism, and on the other hand, it can alleviate the phenomenon that the space occupied by the fourth hole section is too large due to the excessive depth of the fourth hole section.
  • the housing has a wall, the stepped hole is disposed on the wall, and the first hole section penetrates the outer surface of the wall.
  • the housing has a wall portion for setting the stepped hole, and the first hole section of the stepped hole runs through the outer surface of the wall portion, that is to say, the first hole section is the longest hole section among the multiple hole sections of the stepped hole.
  • the hole section far away from the inside of the housing, that is, the hole wall of the first hole section is connected to the outer surface of the wall.
  • the minimum distance from the hole wall of the first hole section to the edge of the wall is D 1 , satisfying that D 1 ⁇ 3mm.
  • the minimum distance between the hole wall of the first hole section and the edge of the wall is set to be greater than or equal to 3 mm, it is possible to alleviate the problem caused by the gap between the hole wall of the first hole section and the edge of the wall.
  • the distance is too small and the processing of the first hole section is more difficult, so as to facilitate the processing of the first hole section of the stepped hole.
  • the minimum distance from the wall of the hole segment adjacent to the first hole segment to the edge of the wall is D 2 , satisfying 0.5mm ⁇ D2 - D1 ⁇ 3mm .
  • the difference between the minimum distance between the hole wall of the hole segment adjacent to the first hole segment and the edge of the wall and the small distance between the hole wall of the first hole segment and the edge of the wall Set it at 0.5mm to 3mm, so that on the one hand, it can alleviate the difficulty of processing the first hole section caused by too small a difference, and it is not convenient to assemble the protective part; As a result, more material needs to be extruded and removed during the processing of the first hole section, so as to alleviate the phenomenon that the outer surface of the wall part is partially bulged or partially extruded and super-wide during the processing of the first hole section.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first hole segment is S, when 50mm 2 ⁇ S ⁇ 700mm 2 , 0.5mm ⁇ D 2 -D 1 ⁇ 3mm; when 700mm 2 ⁇ S ⁇ 1500mm 2 , 0.5mm ⁇ D2 - D1 ⁇ 1.5mm .
  • the difference between D2 and D1 is set at 0.5mm to 3mm, and the cross-sectional area of the first hole section is between From 700mm 2 to 1500mm 2 , set the difference between D 2 and D 1 at 0.5mm to 1.5mm, that is to say, when the cross-sectional area of the first hole segment is different, it is necessary to match the difference between D 2 and D 1
  • the difference is set in different ranges to alleviate the need to squeeze and remove more of the first hole segment during processing when the cross-section of the first hole segment is too large and the difference between D 2 and D 1 is too large material, which is beneficial to reduce the phenomenon that the outer surface of the wall part is partially bulged or partially extruded and super-wide.
  • the wall portion includes a first edge, a second edge, a third edge and a fourth edge connected in sequence, and the first edge and the third edge are opposite along the width direction of the wall portion arrangement, the second edge and the fourth edge are arranged opposite to each other along the length direction of the wall portion, and the width direction of the wall portion, the length direction of the wall portion, and the first direction are perpendicular to each other;
  • the minimum distance from the hole wall of the first hole segment to the first edge is D 1
  • the minimum distance from the hole wall of the hole segment adjacent to the first hole segment to the first edge is D 2 .
  • the wall portion has a first edge, a second edge, a third edge and a fourth edge that are connected in sequence, and are arranged opposite to each other to form a wall portion of a rectangular structure, so that the hole wall of the first hole section
  • the minimum distances from the hole wall of the hole segment adjacent to the first hole segment to the first edge of the wall in the width direction of the wall are D1 and D2 , and the wall of this structure is convenient for the step hole. Processing and manufacturing, and it is beneficial to ensure the manufacturing accuracy of the stepped hole.
  • the housing includes a housing and an end cover; an accommodation space for accommodating the electrode assembly is formed inside the housing, and an opening communicating with the accommodation space is provided at one end of the housing, the The housing has the wall, the stepped hole communicates with the accommodating space; the end cover covers the opening.
  • the casing of the housing has a wall, that is, the stepped hole is provided on the casing, so that the pressure relief mechanism is installed on the casing.
  • This structure is convenient for processing and manufacturing the stepped hole, and It is beneficial to reduce the assembly difficulty between the pressure relief mechanism and the housing.
  • the housing includes a bottom wall and a side wall; the side wall surrounds the bottom wall, and one end of the side wall in the first direction surrounds the opening, The other end opposite to the opening is connected to the bottom wall; wherein, the wall part is the bottom wall.
  • the bottom wall of the casing is a wall, that is to say, the stepped hole is provided on the bottom wall of the casing to install the pressure relief mechanism on the bottom wall of the casing.
  • Anta facilitates the battery cell to release the pressure inside the casing through the pressure relief mechanism during use.
  • a battery with such a battery cell when multiple battery cells are stacked in groups, through Arranging the pressure relief mechanism on the bottom wall of the casing can alleviate the phenomenon that the high-temperature gas released by the pressure relief mechanism impacts adjacent battery cells, so as to reduce the mutual influence between the battery cells, thereby improving the use of the battery. safety.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a battery, including a plurality of the above-mentioned battery cells.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides an electric device, including the above-mentioned battery.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of the structure of the battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the structure of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of A of the battery cell shown in Fig. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a housing of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a casing of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a partial enlarged view of B of the housing shown in Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 is a bottom view of the housing provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a housing of a battery cell provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a partial enlarged view of the housing shown in Fig. 10 at point C.
  • Icons 1000-vehicle; 100-battery; 10-box; 11-first box body; 12-second box body; 20-battery unit; 21-shell; 211-ladder hole; 2111-first hole section 2112-the second hole section; 2113-the third hole section; 2114-the first connecting surface; 2115-the second connecting surface; 2123-bottom wall; 2123a-first edge; 2123b-second edge; 2123c-third edge; 2123d-fourth edge; 2124-side wall; 213-end cover; 22-pressure relief mechanism; 23-protector; 24-electrode assembly; 25-positive electrode terminal; 26-negative electrode terminal; 200-controller; 300-motor; X-first direction; Y-the width direction of the bottom wall; Z-the length direction of the bottom wall.
  • connection In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection” and “attachment” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be internal communication between two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific situations.
  • the same reference numerals represent the same components, and for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of the same components are omitted in different embodiments. It should be understood that the thickness, length, width and other dimensions of the various components in the embodiments of the application shown in the drawings, as well as the overall thickness, length and width of the integrated device, are for illustrative purposes only, and should not constitute any limitation to the application .
  • “Plurality” in this application refers to two or more (including two).
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • a battery generally includes a case for enclosing one or more battery cells or a plurality of battery modules. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes a casing, an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the casing is used to accommodate the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly consists of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative pole pieces.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the part of the positive electrode current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer is used as the positive electrode tab to realize the positive electrode tab through the positive electrode tab.
  • the electrical energy input or output of the positive pole piece is primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative pole pieces.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the part of the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode tab to realize the negative electrode tab through the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon. In order to ensure that a large current is passed without fusing, the number of positive pole tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film may be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene).
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Batteries have outstanding advantages such as high energy density, low environmental pollution, high power density, long service life, wide application range, and small self-discharge coefficient. They are an important part of the development of new energy today.
  • the battery cell of the battery is assembled into an electrode assembly (bare cell) by winding or laminating the positive pole piece, the negative pole piece and the separator, then put it into the case, cover the end cap, and finally inject the electrolyte obtained after.
  • higher requirements are placed on the safety performance of the battery.
  • the battery cell includes a casing, a pressure relief mechanism and a protective member.
  • the casing is provided with a stepped hole communicating with the inside of the casing.
  • the stepped hole includes a first hole section and a second hole section arranged along a first direction, and the first hole section is located on the side of the second hole section away from the inside of the casing.
  • the pressure relief mechanism and the protection piece are arranged in the second hole section and the first hole section respectively, and the protection piece covers at least part of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the casing is provided with a stepped hole for installing the pressure relief mechanism and the protective piece, and the protective piece and the pressure relief mechanism are respectively arranged in the first hole section and the first hole section of the stepped hole along the first direction.
  • the first hole section is located on the side of the second hole section away from the inside of the shell, so that the protective member can cover at least part of the pressure relief mechanism to protect the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the protective part protects the pressure relief mechanism, thereby effectively improving the service life of the battery cell, and can effectively improve the use stability and safety of the battery cell.
  • it can reduce the need for the protective part to increase the volume of the battery cell. phenomenon, which is beneficial to save the occupied space of the battery cell.
  • the battery cells disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used, but not limited to, in electric devices such as vehicles, ships or aircrafts.
  • the power supply system comprising the battery unit and battery disclosed in this application can be used to form the power device, which is beneficial to improve the service life and safety of the battery unit.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electric device using a battery as a power source.
  • the electric device can be, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a notebook computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, and the like.
  • electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • a vehicle 1000 as an electric device according to an embodiment of the present application is taken as an example for description.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with a battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and running the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 includes a case body 10 and a battery cell 20 for being housed in the case body 10 .
  • the box body 10 is used to provide an assembly space for the battery cells 20 , and the box body 10 may adopt various structures.
  • the box body 10 may include a first box body 11 and a second box body 12, the first box body 11 and the second box body 12 cover each other, the first box body 11 and the second box body 12 share An assembly space for accommodating the battery cells 20 is defined.
  • the second box body 12 can be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first box body 11 can be a plate-shaped structure.
  • the two box bodies 12 define the assembly space jointly; open side.
  • the box body 10 formed by the first box body 11 and the second box body 12 may be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, and the like.
  • the battery 100 there may be multiple battery cells 20 , and the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of a plurality of battery cells 20 is housed in the box 10; of course, the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells 20
  • the battery modules are firstly connected in series or parallel or in combination, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series or in parallel or in combination to form a whole, which is accommodated in the case 10 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a bus component for realizing electrical connection between multiple battery cells 20 .
  • each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes. Exemplarily, in FIG. 2 , the battery cell 20 has a cuboid structure.
  • FIG. 3 is a structural exploded view of the battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view of A of the battery cell 20 shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the present application provides a battery cell 20
  • the battery cell 20 includes a casing 21 , a pressure relief mechanism 22 and a protection member 23 .
  • the casing 21 is provided with a stepped hole 211 communicating with the inside of the casing 21.
  • the stepped hole 211 includes a first hole section 2111 and a second hole section 2112 arranged along the first direction X, and the first hole section 2111 is located away from the second hole section 2112. side of the case.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 22 and the protection member 23 are respectively disposed in the second hole segment 2112 and the first hole segment 2111 , and the protection member 23 covers at least part of the pressure relief mechanism 22 .
  • the battery cell 20 also includes an electrode assembly 24 , and the inside of the shell 21 is used to accommodate the electrode assembly 24 .
  • the shell 21 can also be used to accommodate an electrolyte, such as an electrolytic solution.
  • the shell 21 can be in various structural forms.
  • the material of the shell 21 can also be various, for example, copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy and so on.
  • the casing 21 includes a housing 212 and an end cap 213.
  • the interior of the housing 212 is formed with an accommodation space 2121 for accommodating the electrode assembly 24, and an opening 2122 is formed at one end of the housing 212.
  • the opening 2122 is connected to the accommodation space 2121.
  • Communication that is, the housing 212 is a hollow structure with one end open, and the end cap 213 covers the opening 2122 of the housing 212 to form a sealed connection to form a sealed space for accommodating the electrode assembly 24 and the electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly 24 can be put into the casing 212 first, and the electrolyte is filled into the casing 212, and then the end cap 213 is covered on the opening 2122 of the casing 212 to form a sealed connection, so as to A sealed space for accommodating the electrode assembly 24 and electrolyte is formed.
  • the end cover 213 is welded to the housing 212 .
  • the housing 212 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, cuboid and so on.
  • the shape of the casing 212 may be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 24 .
  • the electrode assembly 24 has a cylindrical structure, it can be a cylindrical structure; if the electrode assembly 24 is a rectangular parallelepiped, it can be a rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the electrode assembly 24 has a cuboid structure, and the housing 212 has a cuboid structure.
  • the end cap 213 can also be of various structures, for example, the end cap 213 is a plate-like structure or a hollow structure with one end open.
  • the housing 212 is a cuboid structure
  • the end cover 213 is a plate structure
  • the end cover 213 covers the opening 2122 of the housing 212 .
  • the stepped hole 211 may be provided on the housing 212 or on the end cover 213 .
  • the housing 212 has a bottom wall 2123 and a side wall 2124, the side wall 2124 is surrounded by the peripheral wall of the bottom wall 2123, and one end of the peripheral wall is connected to the bottom wall 2123, in the first direction
  • the other end of the X surrounds an opening 2122
  • the stepped hole 211 is disposed on the bottom wall 2123 of the casing 212 , that is, the pressure relief mechanism 22 is installed on the bottom wall 2123 of the casing 212 .
  • the stepped hole 211 may also be provided on the side wall 2124 of the housing 212 or on the end cover 213 .
  • the stepped hole 211 includes a first hole segment 2111 and a second hole segment 2112 arranged along the first direction X, the first hole segment 2111 is located on the side of the second hole segment 2112 away from the housing, that is, the stepped hole 211 includes at least two hole segments , are the first hole segment 2111 and the second hole segment 2112 respectively, and the second hole segment 2112 is closer to the inside of 212 than the first hole segment 2111.
  • the first direction X is the The thickness direction is directed from the outer surface of the case 212 to the inside of the case 212 .
  • the stepped hole 211 is provided on the bottom wall 2123 of the housing 212, that is, the first direction X is directed from the bottom wall 2123 of the housing 212 to the opening 2122 in the thickness direction of the bottom wall 2123. direction.
  • the stepped hole 211 has three hole segments.
  • the three hole segments are respectively the first hole segment 2111 and the second hole segment arranged in sequence along the first direction X with the aperture gradually decreasing.
  • Section 2112 and the third hole section 2113, the hole wall of the first hole section 2111 is connected to the outer surface of the housing 212, the pressure relief mechanism 22 is arranged in the second hole section 2112, and the protection member 23 is arranged in the first hole section 2111 , and the protection member 23 covers the second hole segment 2112 .
  • the stepped hole 211 can also have two, four, five or six hole segments, etc., and similarly, the first hole segment 2111, the second hole segment 2112 and the third hole segment 2113 also have The arrangement may be discontinuous, that is, other hole sections are provided between the first hole section 2111 and the second hole section 2112 or between the second hole section 2112 and the third hole section 2113 .
  • the diameters of the first hole segment 2111 , the second hole segment 2112 and the third hole segment 2113 may also gradually increase along the first direction X.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 22 is used to release the pressure inside the battery cell 20 when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a predetermined value.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 22 may be a component such as an explosion-proof valve, a burst disk, an air valve, a pressure relief valve, or a safety valve.
  • the shape of the pressure relief mechanism 22 can be various, such as oval, circular or rectangular, etc. Exemplarily, in FIG. It is an elliptical structure. Wherein, the long side of the oval-shaped pressure relief mechanism 22 extends along the width direction of the casing 212 , that is, the length direction of the pressure relief mechanism 22 is the same as the width direction of the casing 212 .
  • the protective member 23 covers the side of the pressure relief mechanism 22 facing away from the electrode assembly 24, and plays the role of protecting the pressure relief mechanism 22, so as to reduce the risk of wear or damage of the pressure relief mechanism 22 during use, thereby improving the pressure relief mechanism. 22, to reduce the phenomenon that the pressure relief mechanism 22 opens the valve in advance.
  • the material of the protective member 23 can be various, such as plastic, rubber or silica gel.
  • the battery cell 20 may further include a positive electrode terminal 25 and a negative electrode terminal 26, both of the positive electrode terminal 25 and the negative electrode terminal 26 are installed on the end cover 213, and It is used to be electrically connected with the electrode assembly 24 to serve as the positive output pole and the negative output pole of the battery cell 20 .
  • the shell 21 is not limited to the above-mentioned structure, and the shell 21 can also be of other structures, for example, the shell 21 includes a shell 212 and two end caps 213, and the shell 212 is a hollow structure with opposite ends open, One end cap 213 is correspondingly closed to one end of the casing 212 to form a sealed connection, so as to form a sealed space for accommodating the electrode assembly 24 and the electrolyte.
  • the positive electrode terminal 25 and the negative electrode terminal 26 can be installed on the same end cap 213 or on different end caps 213 .
  • the electrode assembly 24 is a part where electrochemical reactions occur in the battery cell 20 .
  • the electrode assembly 24 may include a positive electrode tab, a negative electrode tab, and a separator.
  • the electrode assembly 24 can be a coiled structure formed by winding the positive pole piece, separator and negative pole piece, or a stacked structure formed by stacking the positive pole piece, separator and negative pole piece.
  • the casing 21 is provided with a stepped hole 211 for installing the pressure relief mechanism 22 and the protection member 23.
  • the battery cell 20 adopting this structure can reduce the phenomenon that the protective member 23 protrudes from the outer surface of the casing 21, on the one hand, it can better protect the protective member 23, so as to reduce the time when the protective member 23 is in use.
  • the risk of wear or damage during the process is beneficial for the protection member 23 to protect the pressure relief mechanism 22, which can effectively improve the service life of the battery cell 20, and can effectively improve the use stability and safety of the battery cell 20 , on the other hand, it can reduce the phenomenon that the protective member 23 increases the volume of the battery cell 20 , which is beneficial to save the occupied space of the battery cell 20 .
  • the diameter of the first hole segment 2111 is larger than the diameter of the second hole segment 2112 .
  • the aperture diameter of the first hole section 2111 is larger than the aperture diameter of the second hole section 2112, that is, the stepped hole 211 is a structure whose aperture gradually decreases along the first direction X, that is, along the first direction X, the closer the stepped hole 211 is to
  • the size of the hole section of the accommodation space 2121 of the housing 212 is the smallest.
  • the diameters of the first hole segment 2111 , the second hole segment 2112 and the third hole segment 2113 gradually decrease.
  • the stepped hole 211 has a structure in which the aperture diameter gradually decreases along the first direction X, and the battery cell 20 with this structure is assembled During the process, it is convenient to install the pressure relief mechanism 22 in the second hole segment 2112 from the outside of the casing 21, and it is convenient to install the protection member 23 in the first hole segment 2111, which is beneficial to reduce the assembly of the pressure relief mechanism 22 and the protection member 23. difficulty.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the casing 212 of the battery cell 20 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the stepped hole 211 also includes a third hole segment 2113 .
  • the first hole section 2111, the second hole section 2112 and the third hole section 2113 are arranged along the first direction X, and the diameter of the third hole section 2113 is smaller than that of the second hole section 2112, and the pressure relief mechanism 22 is arranged on the second Inside the hole section 2112 and covering the third hole section 2113 , the protection member 23 is disposed in the first hole section 2111 and covering the second hole section 2112 .
  • the first hole section 2111, the second hole section 2112 and the third hole section 2113 are arranged along the first direction X, and the aperture diameter of the third hole section 2113 is smaller than the aperture diameter of the second hole section 2112, that is, the stepped hole 211 has at least
  • the three hole segments are respectively a first hole segment 2111 , a second hole segment 2112 and a third hole segment 2113 which are arranged along the first direction X and whose diameter decreases step by step.
  • the stepped hole 211 is provided with three hole sections, of course, in other embodiments, the stepped hole 211 may also have four, five or six hole sections, etc., of course the stepped hole
  • the first hole segment 2111 can be the hole segment farthest from the accommodation space 2121 of the housing 212 among the multiple hole segments, or it can be located in the middle area among the multiple hole segments hole segment.
  • the first hole segment 2111 , the second hole segment 2112 and the third hole segment 2113 may also be arranged continuously along the first direction X, or may be discontinuously arranged.
  • the first hole segment 2111 , the second hole segment 2112 and the third hole segment 2113 are arranged continuously along the first direction X.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the housing 212 of the battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the case shown in FIG. A partial enlarged view of B of the housing 212 shown in FIG.
  • the housing 21 has a first connection surface 2114 through which the hole wall of the first hole section 2111 is connected to the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 , and the protection member 23 leans against the first connection surface 2114 .
  • the hole wall of the first hole section 2111 is connected with the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 through the first connection surface 2114, that is, the hole wall of the first hole section 2111 and the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 are connected with the second hole wall.
  • the hole wall of the first hole section 2111 and the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 are both perpendicular to the first connection surface 2114 , so that when the protection member 23 abuts against the first connection surface 2114 , it can effectively The contact area between the protection member 23 and the first connection surface 2114 is increased to enhance structural stability.
  • the hole wall of the first hole section 2111 and the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 may both be arranged at an obtuse angle or an acute angle with the first connection surface 2114 .
  • the housing 21 has a first connection surface 2114 for connecting the hole wall of the first hole section 2111 and the hole wall of the second hole section 2112, so that the protective member 23 can resist the Leaning against the first connection surface 2114 , the shell 21 with this structure facilitates the installation of the protection member 23 , and can effectively improve the assembly stability and reliability of the protection member 23 disposed in the first hole section 2111 .
  • the housing 21 can also have a second connection surface 2115, the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 is connected with the hole wall of the third hole section 2113 through the second connection surface 2115, and the pressure relief mechanism 22 is against the second connection surface 2115. Face 2115.
  • the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 is connected with the hole wall of the third hole section 2113 through the second connecting surface 2115, that is, the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 and the hole wall of the third hole section 2113 are connected with the first hole wall.
  • the two connecting surfaces 2115 form a stepped structure.
  • the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 and the hole wall of the third hole section 2113 are both perpendicular to the second connection surface 2115 , so that when the pressure relief mechanism 22 abuts against the second connection surface 2115 , it can The contact area between the pressure relief mechanism 22 and the second connection surface 2115 is effectively increased to improve structural stability.
  • the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 and the hole wall of the third hole section 2113 may also be arranged at an obtuse angle or an acute angle with the second connection surface 2115 .
  • the housing 21 has a second connection surface 2115 for connecting the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 and the hole wall of the third hole section 2113, so that the pressure relief mechanism 22 can be assembled into the second hole section 2112 of the stepped hole 211.
  • the housing 21 of this structure facilitates the installation of the pressure relief mechanism 22 , and can improve the assembly stability and reliability of the pressure relief mechanism 22 disposed in the second hole section 2112 .
  • the stepped hole 211 is provided with at least three hole sections, that is, the first hole section 2111 , the second hole section 2112 and the third hole section 2113 arranged along the first direction X.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 22 By setting the pressure relief mechanism 22 on the second hole section 2112 and cover the third hole section 2113, so that the pressure relief mechanism 22 can release the internal pressure of the battery cell 20, and it is beneficial to improve the assembly stability and reliability of the pressure relief mechanism 22 assembled into the stepped hole 211.
  • the protective piece 23 in the first hole section 2111 and covering the second hole section 2112, the protective piece 23 can cover the pressure relief mechanism 22 as a whole, thereby better protecting the pressure relief mechanism 22. effect.
  • the depth of the first hole segment 2111 is H 1 , which satisfies 0.2 mm ⁇ H 1 ⁇ 0.6 mm.
  • the depth of the first hole segment 2111 in the first direction X is the extension length of the first hole segment 2111 in the first direction X, that is, the extension length of the first hole segment 2111 in the first direction X 0.2mm to 0.6mm.
  • the stepped hole 211 is disposed on the bottom wall 2123 of the housing 212 , and the thickness of the bottom wall 2123 in the first direction X is 1 mm to 3 mm.
  • the depth of the first hole section 2111 By setting the depth of the first hole section 2111 at 0.2mm to 0.6mm, on the one hand, it can alleviate the phenomenon that the protection member 23 is difficult to assemble due to the depth of the first hole section 2111 being too small;
  • the phenomenon that the depth of the first hole section 2111 is too large causes the processing difficulty of the first hole section 2111 to be relatively high, and it can alleviate the need for the first hole section 2111 in the process of processing due to the excessive depth of the first hole section 2111. Squeeze and remove more material, so as to cause the outer surface of the shell 21 to partially bulge or be partially extruded to be super wide during the processing of the first hole segment 2111 .
  • FIG. 8 refers to FIG. 8 , and please further refer to FIG. 9 , which is a bottom view of the housing 212 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first hole section 2111 is S, and when 50mm 2 ⁇ S ⁇ 700mm 2 , 0.2mm ⁇ H 1 ⁇ 0.6mm; when 700mm 2 ⁇ S ⁇ 1500mm 2 , 0.2mm ⁇ H 1 ⁇ 0.4mm.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first hole segment 2111 is S, that is, the area of the cross-section of the first hole segment 2111 perpendicular to the first direction X is S, that is, the first hole segment 2111 is
  • the area formed by the projection on the outer surface of the housing 212 has an area size S.
  • the depth of the first hole segment 2111 is set at 0.2mm to 0.6mm, and the cross-sectional area of the first hole segment 2111 is 700mm to 1500mm 2 , the depth of the first hole segment 2111 is set at 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm, that is to say, when the cross-sectional area of the first hole segment 2111 is different, it is necessary to cooperate to set the depth of the first hole segment 2111 at different range, in order to alleviate the first hole segment 2111 needs to squeeze and remove more material in the process of processing when the cross section of the first hole segment 2111 is too large and the depth of the first hole segment 2111 is too large, which is beneficial Reduce the phenomenon that the outer surface of the shell 21 is partially bulged or partially extruded to be super wide during the processing of the first hole segment 2111 .
  • the depth of the second hole segment 2112 is H 2 , which satisfies 0.4mm ⁇ H 2 ⁇ 0.8mm.
  • the depth of the second hole segment 2112 in the first direction X is the extension length of the second hole segment 2112 in the first direction X, that is, the extension length of the second hole segment 2112 in the first direction X 0.4mm to 0.8mm.
  • the difficulty in assembling the pressure relief mechanism 22 caused by the too small depth of the second hole section 2112 can be alleviated, and the connection of the pressure relief mechanism 22 is reliable.
  • it can alleviate the phenomenon that the processing difficulty of the second hole section 2112 increases due to the excessive depth of the second hole section 2112.
  • the depth of the third hole segment 2113 is H 3 , which satisfies 0.3 mm ⁇ H 3 ⁇ 2 mm.
  • the depth of the third hole segment 2113 in the first direction X is the extension length of the third hole segment 2113 in the first direction X, that is, the extension length of the third hole segment 2113 in the first direction X 0.3mm to 2mm.
  • the depth of the third hole section 2113 By setting the depth of the third hole section 2113 at 0.3mm to 2mm, on the one hand, it can alleviate the pressure relief mechanism 22 used to support and assemble the relief mechanism 22 when the third hole section 2113 is covered by the depth of the third hole section 2113.
  • the phenomenon that the structural strength of the region of the pressing mechanism 22 is weak on the other hand, can alleviate the phenomenon that the processing difficulty of the third hole section 2113 increases due to the excessive depth of the third hole section 2113 .
  • the depth of the third hole section 2113 is too small, the electrode assembly and other components arranged inside the casing will press the pressure relief mechanism 22, thus causing damage to the pressure relief mechanism 22 and affecting its normal use. Setting the depth of the hole section 2113 at 0.3 mm to 2 mm can protect the pressure relief mechanism 22 to reduce the risk of the pressure relief mechanism 22 being damaged.
  • the first hole segment 2111 , the second hole segment 2112 and the third hole segment 2113 are arranged continuously along the first direction X.
  • the first hole segment 2111, the second hole segment 2112 and the third hole segment 2113 are arranged continuously, that is, the first hole segment 2111, the second hole segment 2112 and the third hole segment 2113 are sequentially and continuously arranged along the first direction X cloth.
  • the stepped hole 211 is only provided with a first hole segment 2111, a second hole segment 2112 and a third hole segment 2113, that is, the stepped hole 211 includes three hole segments.
  • the stepped hole 211 may also include four, five or six equal hole segments, when the number of the stepped hole 211 is four or more than four, other hole segments are located in the third hole segment 2113 in the first direction X The side facing away from the second hole segment 2112 .
  • the stepped hole 211 with this structure can also set more hole sections on one side of the third hole section 2113 along the first direction X, which is beneficial to further increase the gap between the pressure relief mechanism 22 and the inner surface wall of the casing 21. In order to reduce the risk of impact or extrusion on the pressure relief mechanism 22 caused by vibration conditions or expansion of the electrode assembly 24 of the battery cell 20 .
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the housing 212 of the battery cell 20 provided in some other embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 11 is a C of the housing 212 shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the stepped hole 211 also includes a fourth hole segment 2116 .
  • the fourth hole section 2116 is located between the first hole section 2111 and the second hole section 2112, and the aperture diameter of the fourth hole section 2116 is smaller than the aperture diameter of the first hole section 2111 and larger than the aperture diameter of the second hole section 2112 .
  • the fourth hole section 2116 is located between the first hole section 2111 and the second hole section 2112, and the aperture diameter of the fourth hole section 2116 is smaller than the aperture diameter of the first hole section 2111 and larger than the second hole section 2112
  • the hole diameter that is, the stepped hole 211 includes at least four hole segments, and the four hole segments are the first hole segment 2111, the fourth hole segment 2116, the second hole segment arranged in sequence along the first direction X and the aperture gradually decreases.
  • 2112 and the third hole section 2113 that is to say, the protection member 23 arranged in the first hole section 2111 and the pressure relief mechanism 22 arranged in the second hole section 2112 are separated by the fourth hole section 2116 .
  • the depth of the fourth hole segment 2116 is H 4 , which satisfies 0.2 mm ⁇ H 4 ⁇ 0.4 mm.
  • the depth of the fourth hole segment 2116 in the first direction X is the extension length of the fourth hole segment 2116 in the first direction X, that is, the extension length of the fourth hole segment 2116 in the first direction X 0.2mm to 0.4mm.
  • the depth of the fourth hole section 2116 By setting the depth of the fourth hole section 2116 at 0.2mm to 0.4mm, on the one hand, the phenomenon that the distance between the pressure relief mechanism 22 and the protection member 23 is not enough due to the too small depth of the fourth hole section 2116 can be alleviated, In order to ensure the normal use of the pressure relief mechanism 22, on the other hand, it can alleviate the phenomenon that the fourth hole section 2116 occupies too much space due to the excessive depth of the fourth hole section 2116.
  • the housing 21 has a wall, the stepped hole 211 is disposed on the wall, and the first hole section 2111 penetrates the outer surface of the wall.
  • the housing 21 has a wall, that is, the wall is a wall of the housing 21 , and the wall can be the end cover 213 of the housing 21 , or the bottom wall 2123 or the side wall 2124 of the housing 212 .
  • the wall portion is the bottom wall 2123 of the housing 212 , that is, the stepped hole 211 is disposed on the bottom wall 2123 of the housing 212 .
  • the first hole section 2111 runs through the outer surface of the wall, that is, the hole wall of the first hole section 2111 is connected to the outer surface of the bottom wall 2123, that is to say, the first hole section 2111 is among the plurality of hole sections of the stepped hole 211.
  • the hole section farthest from the accommodation space 2121 of the housing 212 in the first direction X.
  • the shell 21 has a wall portion for setting the stepped hole 211, and the first hole section 2111 of the stepped hole 211 runs through the outer surface of the wall portion, that is to say, the first hole section 2111 is the most of the plurality of hole sections of the stepped hole 211.
  • the hole section far away from the inside of the housing 21, that is, the hole wall of the first hole section 2111 is connected to the outer surface of the wall. This structure facilitates the assembly of the protection member 23, and is conducive to lowering the assembly of the protection member 23 to the first hole section 2111. Difficulty in assembly.
  • the minimum distance from the hole wall of the first hole segment 2111 to the edge of the wall is D 1 , satisfying that D 1 ⁇ 3mm.
  • the minimum distance from the hole wall of the first hole section 2111 to the edge of the wall is the minimum distance between the hole wall of the first hole section 2111 and the edge of the bottom wall 2123 .
  • the battery cell 20 has a cuboid structure, that is, the casing 212 has a cuboid structure, so that the bottom wall 2123 has a rectangular structure, and the minimum distance between the hole wall of the first hole segment 2111 and the edge of the bottom wall 2123 is the first hole The distance between the hole wall of the section 2111 and the side with the smallest distance among the four sides of the bottom wall 2123 .
  • the battery cell 20 can also be a cylindrical structure, that is, the bottom wall 2123 is a circular structure, and the minimum distance between the hole wall of the first hole section 2111 and the edge of the bottom wall 2123 is along the In the radial direction of the bottom wall 2123 , the hole wall of the first hole segment 2111 is the smallest dimension of the outer edge of the bottom wall 2123 .
  • the minimum distance between the hole wall of the first hole section 2111 and the edge of the wall is greater than or equal to 3 mm, the problem caused by the too small distance between the hole wall of the first hole section 2111 and the edge of the wall can be alleviated. As a result, the processing of the first hole section 2111 is more difficult, so as to facilitate the processing of the first hole section 2111 of the stepped hole 211 .
  • the minimum distance from the hole wall of the hole segment adjacent to the first hole segment 2111 to the edge of the wall is D 2 , which satisfies, 0.5mm ⁇ D 2 -D 1 ⁇ 3mm .
  • the minimum distance from the hole wall of the hole segment adjacent to the first hole segment 2111 to the edge of the wall is the minimum distance between the hole wall of the hole segment adjacent to the first hole segment 2111 and the edge of the bottom wall 2123 spacing.
  • D2 is the distance between the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 and the housing.
  • the bottom wall of the housing 212 2123 is a rectangular structure
  • the stepped hole 211 is elliptical
  • the long side of the ellipse is consistent with the width direction Y of the bottom wall
  • the width direction Y of the bottom wall is perpendicular to the first direction X, so that the hole wall of the first hole segment 2111
  • the minimum distance D1 to the edge of the wall is the minimum distance of the hole wall of the first hole section 2111 in the width direction Y of the bottom wall to the edge of the bottom wall 2123, and makes the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 to the wall
  • the minimum distance of the edge of D2 is the minimum distance of the hole wall of the second hole segment 2112 in the width direction Y of the bottom wall to the edge of the bottom wall 2123.
  • the difference between the minimum distance between the hole wall of the hole segment adjacent to the first hole segment 2111 to the edge of the wall and the small distance between the hole wall of the first hole segment 2111 to the edge of the wall is set at 0.5mm to 3mm, so that on the one hand, it can alleviate the difficulty of processing the first hole segment 2111 due to the small difference, and it is inconvenient to assemble the protective part 23; As a result, the first hole section 2111 needs to be squeezed and removed more material during the processing, so as to alleviate the local bulging or partial extrusion of the outer surface of the wall during the processing of the first hole section 2111. Phenomenon.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first hole segment 2111 is S, when 50mm 2 ⁇ S ⁇ 700mm 2 , 0.5mm ⁇ D 2 -D 1 ⁇ 3mm; when 700mm 2 ⁇ S ⁇ 1500mm 2 , 0.5mm ⁇ D 2 -D 1 ⁇ 1.5mm.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first hole segment 2111 is S, that is, the area of the cross-section of the first hole segment 2111 perpendicular to the first direction X is S, that is, the first hole segment 2111 is
  • the area formed by the projection on the outer surface of the housing 212 has an area size S.
  • the difference between D2 and D1 is set at 0.5mm to 3mm, and when the cross-sectional area of the first hole segment 2111 is between 700mm2 and 1500mm 2 , set the difference between D2 and D1 at 0.5mm to 1.5mm, that is to say, when the cross-sectional area of the first hole segment 2111 is different, it is necessary to set the difference between D2 and D1 In different ranges, in order to alleviate the first hole segment 2111 needs to be extruded and removed during the processing process due to the excessively large cross-section of the first hole segment 2111 and the excessive difference between D 2 and D 1 material, which is beneficial to reduce the phenomenon that the outer surface of the wall part is partially bulged or partially extruded to be super wide.
  • the wall portion includes a first edge 2123a, a second edge 2123b, a third edge 2123c, and a fourth edge 2123d connected in sequence, and the first edge 2123a and the third edge 2123c are along the wall portion.
  • the width direction of the wall is arranged opposite to each other, the second edge 2123b and the fourth edge 2123d are arranged opposite to each other along the length direction of the wall, and the width direction of the wall, the length direction of the wall and the first direction X are perpendicular to each other.
  • the minimum distance between the hole wall of the first hole section 2111 and the first edge 2123a is D 1
  • the minimum distance between the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 and the first edge 2123a is D 2 .
  • the wall portion is the bottom wall 2123 of the housing 212, the first edge 2123a and the third edge 2123c are arranged oppositely along the width direction of the wall portion, and the second edge 2123b and the fourth edge 2123d are arranged oppositely along the length direction of the wall portion , that is, the bottom wall 2123 is a rectangular structure surrounded by the first edge 2123a, the second edge 2123b, the third edge 2123c and the fourth edge 2123d, the width direction of the wall is the width direction Y of the bottom wall, and the length of the wall is The direction is the length direction Z of the bottom wall, and the width direction Y of the bottom wall, the length direction Z of the bottom wall and the first direction X are perpendicular to each other.
  • the wall part has a first edge 2123a, a second edge 2123b, a third edge 2123c and a fourth edge 2123d which are connected in sequence, and are arranged opposite to each other to form a wall part of a rectangular structure, so that the hole wall of the first hole segment 2111 and The minimum distances from the hole wall of the second hole segment 2112 to the first edge 2123a of the wall in the width direction of the wall are D1 and D2 .
  • the wall with this structure is convenient for processing and manufacturing the stepped hole 211, And it is beneficial to ensure the manufacturing accuracy of the stepped hole 211 .
  • the housing 21 includes a housing 212 and an end cover 213 .
  • Housing 212 is formed with a housing space 2121 for housing the electrode assembly 24 .
  • One end of the housing 212 is provided with an opening 2122 communicating with the housing 2121 .
  • the housing 212 has a wall, and the stepped hole 211 communicates with the housing 2121 .
  • the end cap 213 covers the opening 2122 .
  • the casing 212 has a wall, and the stepped hole 211 communicates with the receiving space 2121 , that is, the stepped hole 211 is disposed on the casing 212 of the housing 21 , and the stepped hole 211 runs through both sides of the casing 212 .
  • the stepped hole 211 may also be disposed on the end cover 213 of the housing 21 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 22 is installed on the casing 212.
  • This structure is convenient for processing and manufacturing the stepped hole 211, and is beneficial to reduce the pressure relief mechanism 22 and the casing 212. Difficulty of assembly between.
  • the housing 212 includes a bottom wall 2123 and a side wall 2124 .
  • the side wall 2124 surrounds the bottom wall 2123 , one end of the side wall 2124 in the first direction X encloses the opening 2122 , and the other end opposite to the opening 2122 is connected to the bottom wall 2123 .
  • the wall portion is the bottom wall 2123 .
  • the wall portion is the bottom wall 2123 , that is, the stepped hole 211 is disposed on the bottom wall 2123 of the housing 212 , and the stepped hole 211 penetrates both sides of the bottom wall 2123 along the first direction X.
  • the stepped hole 211 may also be disposed on the side wall 2124 of the casing 212 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 22 is installed on the bottom wall 2123 of the casing 212.
  • the safety of the battery 100 with this structure facilitates the use of the battery cell 20.
  • the pressure inside the housing 21 is released through the pressure relief mechanism 22.
  • 22 is arranged on the bottom wall 2123 of the casing 212, which can alleviate the phenomenon that the high-temperature gas released by the pressure relief mechanism 22 impacts the adjacent battery cells 20, so as to reduce the mutual influence between the battery cells 20, which is beneficial to improve the performance of the battery. 100% safety in use.
  • the present application also provides a battery 100 comprising a plurality of battery cells 20 of any one of the above schemes.
  • the battery 100 may further include a box body 10 , and a plurality of battery cells 20 are accommodated in the box body 10 .
  • the present application also provides an electric device, including the battery 100 according to any of the above schemes, and the battery 100 is used to provide electric energy for the electric device.
  • the electric device may be any of the aforementioned devices or systems using the battery 100 .
  • the present application provides a battery cell 20 , and the battery cell 20 includes a casing 21 , an electrode assembly 24 , a pressure relief mechanism 22 and a protection member 23 .
  • the housing 21 includes a housing 212 and an end cover 213.
  • the housing 212 includes a bottom wall 2123 and a side wall 2124.
  • the side wall 2124 is surrounded by the bottom wall 2123.
  • One end of the side wall 2124 in the first direction X encloses an opening 2122.
  • the bottom wall 2123 is provided with a stepped hole 211.
  • the stepped hole 211 runs through both sides of the bottom wall 2123 along the first direction X.
  • the stepped hole 211 includes a first hole section 2111, which is continuously arranged along the first direction X and the diameter of the hole is gradually reduced.
  • the second hole section 2112 and the third hole section 2113, the first hole section 2111 runs through the outer surface of the bottom wall 2123, the pressure relief mechanism 22 is arranged in the second hole section 2112, and covers the third hole section 2113, and the protection member 23 is provided in the first hole section 2111 and cover the second hole section 2112 .
  • the depth of the first hole segment 2111 is H 1
  • the depth of the second hole segment 2112 is H 2
  • the depth of the third hole segment 2113 is H 3 , satisfying that 0.2 mm ⁇ H 1 ⁇ 0.6 mm, 0.4mm ⁇ H2 ⁇ 0.8mm , 0.3mm ⁇ H3 ⁇ 2mm .
  • the minimum distance from the hole wall of the first hole section 2111 to the edge of the wall is D 1
  • the minimum distance from the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 to the edge of the wall is D 2 , satisfying that D 1 ⁇ 3mm, and 0.5mm ⁇ D 2 -D 1 ⁇ 3mm.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种电池单体、电池及用电装置，属于电池技术领域。其中，电池单体包括外壳、泄压机构和保护件。外壳设置有与外壳的内部连通的阶梯孔，阶梯孔包括沿第一方向设置的第一孔段和第二孔段，第一孔段位于第二孔段背离外壳的内部的一侧。泄压机构和保护件分别设置于第二孔段和第一孔段内，保护件覆盖泄压机构的至少部分。这种结构的电池单体能够减少保护件凸出于外壳的外表面的现象，一方面能够对保护件起到较好的保护作用，以减少保护件在使用的过程中出现磨损或损坏的风险，有利于保护件对泄压机构进行保护，以提升电池单体的使用寿命和使用稳定性，另一方面能够减少保护件增加电池单体的体积的现象，有利于节省电池单体的占用空间。

Description

电池单体、电池及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2022年2月28日提交的名称为“电池单体、电池及用电装置”的国际专利申请PCT/CN2022/078375的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
近些年，新能源汽车有了飞跃式的发展，在电动汽车领域，动力电池作为电动汽车的动力源，起着不可替代的重要作用。随着新能源汽车的大力推广，对动力电池产品的需求也日益增长，其中，电池作为新能源汽车核心零部件在使用安全方面有着较高的要求。电池的电池单体是由正极极片、负极极片和隔膜通过卷绕或者叠片等方式组装成电极组件(裸电芯)，之后装入壳体，再盖上端盖，最后注入电解液后得到的，并在壳体或端盖上设置泄压部件，以在电池单体出现热失控时泄放电池单体的内部压力，但是，现有技术中的电池单体的泄放部件在使用过程中存在使用稳定性较差的问题，从而导致电池单体的使用安全性较低。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体、电池及用电装置，能够有效提升电池单体的使用安全性。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，包括外壳、泄压机构和保护件；所述外壳设置有与所述外壳的内部连通的阶梯孔，所述阶梯孔包括沿第一方向设置的第一孔段和第二孔段，所述第一孔段位于所述第二孔段背离所述外壳的内部的一侧；所述泄压机构和所述保护件分别设置于所述第二孔段和所述第一孔段内，所述保护件覆盖所述泄压机构的至少部分。
在上述技术方案中，外壳上设置有用于安装泄压机构和保护件的阶梯孔，通过将保护件和泄压机构分别设置在阶梯孔沿第一方向设置的第一孔段和第二孔段内，且第一孔段位于第二孔段背离外壳的内部的一侧，使得保护件能够覆盖泄压机构的至少部分，以对泄压机构起到保护作用，采用这种结构的电池单体能够减少保护件凸出于外壳的外表面的现象，一方面能够对保护件起到较好的保护作用，以减少保护件在使用的过程中出现磨损或损坏的风险，有利于保护件对泄压机构进行保护，进而能够有效提升电池单体的使用寿命，且能够有效提升电池单体的使用稳定性和使用安全性，另一方面能够减少保护件增加电池单体的体积的现象，有利于节省电池单体的占用空间。
在一些实施例中，所述第一孔段的孔径大于所述第二孔段的孔径。
在上述技术方案中，通过将第一孔段的孔径设置为大于第二孔段的孔径，以使阶梯孔为沿第一方向孔径逐渐减小的结构，采用这种结构的电池单体在装配的过程中便于从外壳的外部将泄压机构安装于第二孔段内，且便于将保护件安装于第一孔段内，有利于降低泄压机构和保护件的装配难度。
在一些实施例中，所述阶梯孔还包括第三孔段；所述第一孔段、所述第二孔段和所述第三孔段沿所述第一方向排布，所述第三孔段的孔径小于所述第二孔段的孔径，所述泄压机构设置于所述第二孔段内，并覆盖所述第三孔段，所述保护件设置于所述第一孔段，并覆盖所述第二孔段。
在上述技术方案中，阶梯孔设置有至少三个孔段，即沿第一方向排布的第一孔段、第二孔段和第三孔段，通过将泄压机构设置于第二孔段内并覆盖第三孔段，以便于泄压机构泄放电池单体的内部压力，且有利于提高泄压机构装配至阶梯孔内的装配稳定性和可靠性。此外，通过将保护件设置于第一孔段内并覆盖第二孔段，使得保护件能够对泄压机构进行整体覆盖，从而能够对泄压机构起到较好的保护作用。
在一些实施例中，沿所述第一方向，所述第一孔段的深度为H 1，满足，0.2mm≤H 1≤0.6mm。
在上述技术方案中，通过将第一孔段的深度设置在0.2mm到0.6mm，一方面能够缓解因第一孔段的深度过小而导致保护件的装配难度较大的现象，另一方面能够缓解因第一孔段的深度过大而导致第一孔段的加工难度较高的现象，且能够缓解因第一孔段的深度过大而造成第一孔段在加工的过程中需要挤压和去除更多的材料，以造成外壳的外表面在第一孔段的加工过程中出现局部鼓起或局部被挤压超宽的现象。
在一些实施例中，所述第一孔段的横截面积为S，当50mm 2≤S≤700mm 2时，0.2mm≤H 1≤0.6mm；当700mm 2＜S≤1500mm 2时，0.2mm≤H 1≤0.4mm。
在上述技术方案中，在第一孔段的横截面积在50mm 2到700mm 2时，将第一孔段的深度设置在0.2mm到0.6mm，并在第一孔段的横截面积在700mm 2到1500mm 2时，将第一孔段的深度设置在0.2mm到0.4mm，也就是说，当第一孔段的横截面积不同时，需要配合将第一孔段的深度设置在不同的范围，以缓解因第一孔段的横截面过大且第一孔段的深度过大时造成第一孔段在加工的过程中需要挤压和去除更多的材料，从而有利于减少外壳的外表 面在第一孔段的加工过程中出现局部鼓起或局部被挤压超宽的现象。
在一些实施例中，沿所述第一方向，所述第二孔段的深度为H 2，满足，0.4mm≤H 2≤0.8mm。
在上述技术方案中，通过将第二孔段的深度设置在0.4mm到0.8mm，一方面能够缓解因第二孔段的深度过小而造成泄压机构的装配难度较高且泄压机构的连接可靠性较差的问题，另一方面能够缓解因第二孔段的深度过大而导致第二孔段的加工难度增大的现象。
在一些实施例中，沿所述第一方向，所述第三孔段的深度为H 3，满足，0.3mm≤H 3≤2mm。
在上述技术方案中，通过将第三孔段的深度设置在0.3mm到2mm，一方面能够缓解因第三孔段的深度过小而导致在泄压机构覆盖第三孔段时用于支撑和装配泄压机构的区域的结构强度较弱的现象，另一方面能够缓解因第三孔段的深度过大而导致第三孔段的加工难度增大的现象。
在一些实施例中，所述第一孔段、所述第二孔段和所述第三孔段沿所述第一方向连续设置。
在上述技术方案中，通过将第一孔段、第二孔段和第三孔段连续设置，从而有利于进一步提高阶梯孔的可制造性，以降低阶梯孔的加工难度。此外，采用这种结构的阶梯孔还能够沿第一方向在第三孔段的一侧设置更多的孔段，有利于进一步增加泄压机构与外壳的内表壁之间的距离，以降低振动工况或电池单体的电极组件膨胀对泄压机构造成冲击或挤压的风险。
在一些实施例中，所述阶梯孔还包括第四孔段；沿所述第一方向，所述第四孔段位于所述第一孔段和所述第二孔段之间，所述第四孔段的孔径小于所述第一孔段的孔径并大于所述第二孔段的孔径。
在上述技术方案中，通过沿第一方向在第一孔段和第二孔段之间还设置有第四孔段，以使第一孔段和第二孔段通过第四孔段分隔，从而有利于增加泄压机构与保护件之间的距离，进而有利于泄压机构泄放电池单体内部的压力，以保证泄压机构的正常使用。
在一些实施例中，沿所述第一方向，所述第四孔段的深度为H 4，满足，0.2mm≤H 4≤0.4mm。
在上述方案中，通过将第四孔段的深度设置在0.2mm到0.4mm，一方面能够缓解因第四孔段的深度过小而造成泄压机构与保护件之间的间隔距离不够的现象，以保证泄压机构的正常使用，另一方面能够缓解因第四孔段的深度过大而导致第四孔段占用的空间过大的现象。
在一些实施例中，所述外壳具有壁部，所述阶梯孔设置于所述壁部上，所述第一孔段贯穿所述壁部的外表面。
在上述技术方案中，外壳具有用于设置阶梯孔的壁部，且阶梯孔的第一孔段贯穿壁部的外表面，也就是说，第一孔段为阶梯孔的多个孔段中最远离外壳的内部的孔段，即第一孔段的孔壁与壁部的外表面相连，这种结构便于对保护件进行装配，有利于降低保护件装配至第一孔段内的装配难度。
在一些实施例中，所述第一孔段的孔壁到所述壁部的边缘的最小距离为D 1，满足，D 1≥3mm。
在上述技术方案中，通过将第一孔段的孔壁到壁部的边缘之间的最小距离设置为大于或等于3mm，从而能够缓解因第一孔段的孔壁与壁部的边缘之间的距离过小而导致第一孔段的加工难度较大的现象，以便于对阶梯孔的第一孔段进行加工。
在一些实施例中，与所述第一孔段相邻的孔段的孔壁到所述壁部的边缘的最小距离为D 2，满足，0.5mm≤D 2-D 1≤3mm。
在上述技术方案中，通过将与第一孔段相邻的孔段的孔壁到壁部的边缘之间的最小距离与第一孔段的孔壁到壁部的边缘之间的小距离的差值设置在0.5mm到3mm，从而一方面能够缓解因差值过小而造成第一孔段的加工难度大，且不便于对保护件进行装配的现象，另一方面能够缓解因差值过大而造成第一孔段在加工的过程中需要挤压和去除更多的材料，以缓解壁部的外表面在第一孔段的加工过程中出现局部鼓起或局部被挤压超宽的现象。
在一些实施例中，所述第一孔段的横截面积为S，当50mm 2≤S≤700mm 2时，0.5mm≤D 2-D 1≤3mm；当700mm 2＜S≤1500mm 2时，0.5mm≤D 2-D 1≤1.5mm。
在上述技术方案中，在第一孔段的横截面积在50mm 2到700mm 2时，将D 2和D 1的差值设置在0.5mm到3mm，并在第一孔段的横截面积在700mm 2到1500mm 2时，将D 2和D 1的差值设置在0.5mm到1.5mm，也就是说，当第一孔段的横截面积不同时，需要配合将将D 2和D 1的差值设置在不同的范围，以缓解因第一孔段的横截面过大且将D 2和D 1的差值过大时造成第一孔段在加工的过程中需要挤压和去除更多的材料，从而有利于减少壁部的外表面出现局部鼓起或局部被挤压超宽的现象。
在一些实施例中，所述壁部包括依次连接的第一边缘、第二边缘、第三边缘和第四边缘，所述第一边缘和所述第三边缘沿所述壁部的宽度方向相对布置，所述第二边缘和所述第四边缘沿所述壁部的长度方向相对布置，所述壁部的宽度方向、所述壁部的长度方向和所述第一方向两两垂直；所述第一孔段的孔壁到所述第一边缘的最小距离为D 1，与所述第一孔段相邻的孔段的孔壁到所述第一边缘的最小距离为D 2。
在上述技术方案中，壁部具有依次连接的第一边缘、第二边缘、第三边缘和第四边缘，且两两相对布置，以形成矩形结构的壁部，使得第一孔段的孔壁和与所述第一孔段相邻的孔段的孔壁到壁部在壁部的宽度方向上的第一边缘的最小距离即为D 1和D 2，这种结构的壁部便于对阶梯孔进行加工和制造，且有利于保证阶梯孔的制造精度。
在一些实施例中，所述外壳包括壳体和端盖；所述壳体内部形成有用于容纳电极组件的容纳空间，所述壳体的一端设置有与所述容纳空间连通的开口，所述壳体具有所述壁部，所述阶梯孔与所述容纳空间连通；所述端盖盖合于所述开口。
在上述技术方案中，外壳的壳体具有壁部，也就是说，阶梯孔设置于壳体上，从而使得泄压机构安装于壳体上，这种结构便于对阶梯孔进行加工和制造，且有利于降低泄压机构与壳体之间的装配难度。
在一些实施例中，所述壳体包括底壁和侧壁；所述侧壁围设于所述底壁的周围，所述侧壁在所述第一方向上的一端围成所述开口，与所述开口相对的另一端连接于所述底壁；其中，所述壁部为所述底壁。
在上述技术方案中，壳体的底壁为壁部，也就是说，阶梯孔设置于壳体的底壁上，以将泄压机构安装于壳体的底壁上，这种结构的电池的安踏一方面便于电池单体在使用过程中通过泄压机构对外壳内部的压力进行泄放，另一方面在具有这种电池单体的电池中，当多个电池单体堆放成组时，通过将泄压机构设置于壳体的底壁上能够缓解泄压机构泄放的高温气体冲击相邻的电池单体的现象，以减少电池单体之间的相互影响，从而有利于提高电池的使用安全性。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供一种电池，包括多个上述的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提供一种用电装置，包括上述的电池。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的结构爆炸图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构爆炸图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的剖视图；
图5为图4所示的电池单体的A处的局部放大图；
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的壳体的结构示意图；
图7为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的壳体的剖视图；
图8为图7所示的壳体的B处的局部放大图；
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的壳体的仰视图；
图10为本申请又一些实施例提供的电池单体的壳体的剖视图；
图11为图10所示的壳体的C处的局部放大图。
图标：1000-车辆；100-电池；10-箱体；11-第一箱本体；12-第二箱本体；20-电池单体；21-外壳；211-阶梯孔；2111-第一孔段；2112-第二孔段；2113-第三孔段；2114-第一连接面；2115-第二连接面；2116-第四孔段；212-壳体；2121-容纳空间；2122-开口；2123-底壁；2123a-第一边缘；2123b-第二边缘；2123c-第三边缘；2123d-第四边缘；2124-侧壁；213-端盖；22-泄压机构；23-保护件；24-电极组件；25-正极电极端子；26-负极电极端子；200-控制器；300-马达；X-第一方向；Y-底壁的宽度方向；Z-底壁的长度方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不 排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体或多个电池模块的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括外壳、电极组件和电解液，外壳用于容纳电极组件和电解液。电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体的部分作为正极极耳，以通过正极极耳实现正极极片的电能输入或输出。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体的部分作为负极极耳，以通过负极极耳实现负极极片的电能输入或输出。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。
隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池具有能量密度高、环境污染小、功率密度大、使用寿命长、适应范围广、自放电系数小等突出的优点，是现今新能源发展的重要组成部分。电池的电池单体是由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜通过卷绕或者叠片等方式组装成电极组件(裸电芯)，之后装入壳体，再盖上端盖，最后注入电解液后得到的。但是，随着电池技术的不断发展，对电池的安全性能等也提出了更高的要求。
对应一般的电池单体而言，当电池的电池单体发生短路或过充等现象时，电池单体极容易因内部热失控而造成内部气压骤升，从而导致电池发生起火爆炸等安全隐患，由此，在壳体上通常开设安装孔，并在安装孔处安装有防爆阀，使得电池单体在热失控时内部气压能够冲破防爆阀，以使电池单体内部的气压得到释放，降低电池单体发生起火爆炸的风险。
发明人发现，在电池单体的使用过程中，防爆阀会受到外界使用环境的影响而出现磨损或损坏的现象，以造成防爆阀的使用稳定性较差，且使用寿命较短。上述问题导致防爆阀常常出现提前开阀的现象，以造成电池单体的使用安全性较低。
为了提高电池单体的防爆阀的使用稳定性，在现有技术中，通常在电池单体的壳体设置有防爆阀的外侧设置保护贴片，以对防爆阀起到较好的保护作用。但是，在这种结构的电池单体中，由于保护贴片凸出于壳体的外侧，从而一方面导致保护贴片在使用过程中存在被其他部件磨损或损坏的风险，以造成保护贴片无法对防爆阀起到较好的保护作用，且造成电池单体的使用寿命较短，进而不利于提高电池单体的使用寿命和使用安全性，另一方面保护贴片会增加电池单体的体积，进而不利于节省电池单体的占用空间。
基于以上考虑，为了解决电池单体的使用寿命较短且使用安全性较差的问题，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种电池单体，电池单体包括外壳、泄压机构和保护件。外壳设置有与外壳的内部连通的阶梯孔，阶梯孔包括 沿第一方向设置的第一孔段和第二孔段，且第一孔段位于第二孔段背离外壳的内部的一侧。泄压机构和保护件分别设置于第二孔段和第一孔段内，保护件覆盖泄压机构的至少部分。
在这种结构的电池单体中，外壳上设置有用于安装泄压机构和保护件的阶梯孔，通过将保护件和泄压机构分别设置在阶梯孔沿第一方向设置的第一孔段和第二孔段内，且第一孔段位于第二孔段背离外壳的内部的一侧，使得保护件能够覆盖泄压机构的至少部分，以对泄压机构起到保护作用，采用这种结构的电池单体能够减少保护件凸出于外壳的外表面的现象，一方面能够对保护件起到较好的保护作用，以减少保护件在使用的过程中出现磨损或损坏的风险，有利于保护件对泄压机构进行保护，进而能够有效提升电池单体的使用寿命，且能够有效提升电池单体的使用稳定性和使用安全性，另一方面能够减少保护件增加电池单体的体积的现象，有利于节省电池单体的占用空间。
本申请实施例公开的电池单体可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池单体、电池等组成该用电装置的电源系统，这样，有利于提升电池单体的使用寿命和使用安全性。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的结构爆炸图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20用于容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供装配空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一箱本体11和第二箱本体12，第一箱本体11与第二箱本体12相互盖合，第一箱本体11和第二箱本体12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的装配空间。第二箱本体12可以为一端开放的空心结构，第一箱本体11可以为板状结构，第一箱本体11盖合于第二箱本体12的开放侧，以使第一箱本体11与第二箱本体12共同限定出装配空间；第一箱本体11和第二箱本体12也可以是均为一侧开放的空心结构，第一箱本体11的开放侧盖合于第二箱本体12的开放侧。当然，第一箱本体11和第二箱本体12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。示例性的，在图2中，电池单体20为长方体结构。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图3、图4和图5，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的结构爆炸图，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的剖视图，图5为图4所示的电池单体20的A处的局部放大图。本申请提供了一种电池单体20，电池单体20包括外壳21、泄压机构22和保护件23。外壳21设置有与外壳21的内部连通的阶梯孔211，阶梯孔211包括沿第一方向X设置的第一孔段2111和第二孔段2112，第一孔段2111位于第二孔段2112背离外壳的一侧。泄压机构22和保护件23分别设置于第二孔段2112和第一孔段2111内，保护件23覆盖泄压机构22的至少部分。
电池单体20还包括电极组件24，外壳21的内部用于容纳电极组件24，可选地，外壳21还可以用于容纳电解质，例如电解液。外壳21可以是多种结构形式。外壳21的材质也可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
在图3中，外壳21包括壳体212和端盖213，壳体212的内部形成有用于容纳电极组件24的容纳空间2121，且壳体212的一端形成有开口2122，开口2122与容纳空间2121连通，即壳体212为一端开放的空心结构，端盖213盖合于壳体212的开口2122并形成密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极组件24和电解液的密封空间。
在组装电池单体20时，可先将电极组件24放入壳体212内，并向壳体212内填充电解质，再将端盖 213盖合于壳体212的开口2122并形成密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极组件24和电解质的密封空间。示例性的，端盖213焊接于壳体212。
壳体212可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。壳体212的形状可根据电极组件24的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件24为圆柱体结构，则可选用为圆柱体结构；若电极组件24为长方体结构，则可选用长方体结构。示例性的，在图3中，电极组件24为长方体结构，则壳体212为长方体结构。当然，端盖213也可以是多种结构，比如，端盖213为板状结构或一端开放的空心结构等。示例性的，在图3中，壳体212为长方体结构，端盖213为板状结构，端盖213盖合于壳体212的开口2122。
其中，阶梯孔211可以设置于壳体212上，也可以设置于端盖213上。示例性的，在图3和图4中，壳体212具有底壁2123和侧壁2124，侧壁2124围设于底壁2123的周壁，且周壁的一端与底壁2123相连，在第一方向X上的另一端围合形成开口2122，阶梯孔211设置于壳体212的底壁2123上，即泄压机构22安装于壳体212的底壁2123上。当然，在一些实施例中，阶梯孔211还可以设置于壳体212的侧壁2124上或设置于端盖213上。
阶梯孔211包括沿第一方向X设置的第一孔段2111和第二孔段2112，第一孔段2111位于第二孔段2112背离外壳的一侧，即阶梯孔211包括至少两个孔段，分别为第一孔段2111和第二孔段2112，且第二孔段2112相较于第一孔段2111更靠近212的内部，需要说明的是，第一方向X为在壳体212的厚度方向上从壳体212的外表面指向壳体212的内部的方向。示例性的，在图3中，由于阶梯孔211设置于壳体212的底壁2123上，即第一方向X为在底壁2123的厚度方向上从壳体212的底壁2123指向开口2122的方向。
示例性的，在图5中，阶梯孔211具有三个孔段，为了便于说明，三个孔段分别为沿第一方向X依次布置且孔径逐渐减小的第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112和第三孔段2113，第一孔段2111的孔壁与壳体212的外表面相连，泄压机构22设置于第二孔段2112内，保护件23设置于第一孔段2111内，且保护件23盖合于第二孔段2112。当然，在其他实施例中，阶梯孔211也可以具有两个、四个、五个或六个孔段等，同样的，第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112和第三孔段2113也可以是不连续设置，即第一孔段2111与第二孔段2112之间或第二孔段2112与第三孔段2113之间还设置有其他孔段。当然，在一些实施例中，第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112和第三孔段2113的孔径也可以是沿第一方向X逐渐增大。
需要说明的是，泄压机构22用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到预定值时泄放电池单体20内部的压力。示例性的，泄压机构22可以是诸如防爆阀、防爆片、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等部件。
泄压机构22的形状可以是多种，比如，椭圆形、圆形或矩形等，示例性的，在图3中，泄压机构22为椭圆形结构，对应的，阶梯孔211的孔段也为椭圆形结构。其中，椭圆形结构的泄压机构22的长边沿壳体212的宽度方向延伸，即泄压机构22的长度方向与壳体212的宽度方向相同。
保护件23覆盖于泄压机构22背离电极组件24的一侧，起到保护泄压机构22的作用，以降低泄压机构22在使用过程中出现磨损或损坏的风险，从而能够提高泄压机构22的使用稳定性，以减少泄压机构22提前开阀的现象。其中，保护件23的材质可以是多种，比如，塑料、橡胶或硅胶等。
在一些实施例中，电池单体20还可以包括正极电极端子25和负极电极端子26，正极电极端子25和负极电极端子26均安装于端盖213上，正极电极端子25和负极电极端子26均用于与电极组件24电连接，以作为电池单体20的正输出极和负输出极。
可理解的，外壳21并不仅仅局限于上述结构，外壳21也可以是其他结构，比如，外壳21包括壳体212和两个端盖213，壳体212为相对的两端开放的空心结构，一个端盖213对应盖合于壳体212的一端并形成密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极组件24和电解质的密封空间。在这种结构中，正极电极端子25和负极电极端子26可安装在同一个端盖213上，也可以安装在不同的端盖213上。
电极组件24是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。电极组件24可以包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜。电极组件24可以是由正极极片、隔离膜和负极极片通过卷绕形成的卷绕式结构，也可以是由正极极片、隔离膜和负极极片通过层叠布置形成的层叠式结构。
需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中，容纳于外壳21内的电极组件24可以是一个，也可以是多个。示例性的，在图3中，电极组件24为两个，两个电极组件24层叠布置。
外壳21上设置有用于安装泄压机构22和保护件23的阶梯孔211，通过将保护件23和泄压机构22分别设置在阶梯孔211沿第一方向X设置的第一孔段2111和第二孔段2112内，且第一孔段2111位于第二孔段2112背离外壳21的内部的一侧，使得保护件23能够覆盖泄压机构22的至少部分，以对泄压机构22起到保护作用，采用这种结构的电池单体20能够减少保护件23凸出于外壳21的外表面的现象，一方面能够对保护件23起到较好的保护作用，以减少保护件23在使用的过程中出现磨损或损坏的风险，有利于保护件23对泄压机构22进行保护，进而能够有效提升电池单体20的使用寿命，且能够有效提升电池单体20的使用稳定性和使用安全性，另一方面能够减少保护件23增加电池单体20的体积的现象，有利于节省电池单体20的占用空间。
根据本申请的一些实施例中，请参见图4和图5，第一孔段2111的孔径大于第二孔段2112的孔径。
其中，第一孔段2111的孔径大于第二孔段2112的孔径，即阶梯孔211为沿第一方向X孔径逐渐减小的结构，也就是说，沿第一方向X，阶梯孔211越靠近壳体212的容纳空间2121的孔段的孔径的大小最小。示例性的，在图5中，沿第一方向X，第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112和第三孔段2113的孔径逐渐减小。
通过将第一孔段2111的孔径设置为大于第二孔段2112的孔径，以使阶梯孔211为沿第一方向X孔径逐渐减小的结构，采用这种结构的电池单体20在装配的过程中便于从外壳21的外部将泄压机构22安装于第二孔段2112内，且便于将保护件23安装于第一孔段2111内，有利于降低泄压机构22和保护件23的装配难度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图5，并请进一步参照图6，图6为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的壳体212的结构示意图。阶梯孔211还包括第三孔段2113。第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112和第三孔段2113沿第一方向X排布，且第三孔段2113的孔径小于第二孔段2112的孔径，泄压机构22设置于第二孔段2112内，并覆盖第三孔段2113，保护件23设置于第一孔段2111，并覆盖第二孔段2112。
其中，第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112和第三孔段2113沿第一方向X排布，且第三孔段2113的孔径小于第二孔段2112的孔径，即阶梯孔211具有至少三个孔段，分别为沿第一方向X排布且孔径逐级减小的第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112和第三孔段2113。示例性的，在图5和图6中，阶梯孔211设置有三个孔段，当然，在其他实施例中，阶梯孔211也可以具有四个、五个或六个孔段等，当然阶梯孔211具有四个或四个以上的孔段时，第一孔段2111可以是多个孔段中离壳体212的容纳空间2121最远的孔段，也可以是多个孔段中位于中间区域的孔段。同样的，第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112和第三孔段2113也可以是沿第一方向X连续设置，也可以是不连续设置。
示例性的，第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112和第三孔段2113沿第一方向X连续设置。
在一些实施例中，参照图5和图6，并请进一步参照图7和图8，图7为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的壳体212的剖视图，图8为图7所示的壳体212的B处的局部放大图。外壳21具有第一连接面2114，第一孔段2111的孔壁与第二孔段2112的孔壁通过第一连接面2114相连，保护件23抵靠于第一连接面2114上。
其中，第一孔段2111的孔壁与第二孔段2112的孔壁通过第一连接面2114相连，即第一孔段2111的孔壁和第二孔段2112的孔壁之间连接有第一连接面2114，以形成台阶结构的形状。示例性的，在图8中，第一孔段2111的孔壁和第二孔段2112的孔壁均垂直于第一连接面2114，从而在保护件23抵靠于第一连接面2114上时能够有效增加保护件23与第一连接面2114之间的接触面积，以提升结构稳定性。当然，在其他实施例中，第一孔段2111的孔壁和第二孔段2112的孔壁也可以均与第一连接面2114呈钝角或锐角布置。
外壳21具有用于连接第一孔段2111的孔壁和第二孔段2112的孔壁的第一连接面2114，使得保护件23在装配至阶梯孔211的第一孔段2111内后能够抵靠在第一连接面2114上，这种结构的外壳21便于对保护件23进行安装，且能够有效提升保护件23设置于第一孔段2111内的装配稳定性和可靠性。
可选地，外壳21还可以具有第二连接面2115，第二孔段2112的孔壁与第三孔段2113的孔壁通过第二连接面2115相连，泄压机构22抵靠于第二连接面2115上。
其中，第二孔段2112的孔壁与第三孔段2113的孔壁通过第二连接面2115相连，即第二孔段2112的孔壁和第三孔段2113的孔壁之间连接有第二连接面2115，以形成台阶结构的形状。示例性的，在图8中，第二孔段2112的孔壁和第三孔段2113的孔壁均垂直于第二连接面2115，从而在泄压机构22抵靠于第二连接面2115上时能够有效增加泄压机构22与第二连接面2115之间的接触面积，以提升结构稳定性。当然，在其他实施例中，第二孔段2112的孔壁和第三孔段2113的孔壁也可以均与第二连接面2115呈钝角或锐角布置。
外壳21具有用于连接第二孔段2112的孔壁和第三孔段2113的孔壁的第二连接面2115，使得泄压机构22在装配至阶梯孔211的第二孔段2112内后能够抵靠在第二连接面2115上，这种结构的外壳21便于对泄压机构22进行安装，且能够提升泄压机构22设置于第二孔段2112内的装配稳定性和可靠性。
阶梯孔211设置有至少三个孔段，即沿第一方向X排布的第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112和第三孔段2113，通过将泄压机构22设置于第二孔段2112内并覆盖第三孔段2113，以便于泄压机构22泄放电池单体20的内部压力，且有利于提高泄压机构22装配至阶梯孔211内的装配稳定性和可靠性。此外，通过将保护件23设置于第一孔段2111内并覆盖第二孔段2112，使得保护件23能够对泄压机构22进行整体覆盖，从而能够对泄压机构22起到较好的保护作用。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参见图8所示，沿第一方向X，第一孔段2111的深度为H 1，满足，0.2mm≤H 1≤0.6mm。
其中，第一孔段2111在第一方向X上的深度，即第一孔段2111在第一方向X上的延伸长度，也就是说，第一孔段2111在第一方向X上的延伸长度为0.2mm到0.6mm。
示例性的，阶梯孔211设置于壳体212的底壁2123上，底壁2123在第一方向X上的厚度为1mm到3mm。
通过将第一孔段2111的深度设置在0.2mm到0.6mm，一方面能够缓解因第一孔段2111的深度过小而导致保护件23的装配难度较大的现象，另一方面能够缓解因第一孔段2111的深度过大而导致第一孔段2111的加工 难度较高的现象，且能够缓解因第一孔段2111的深度过大而造成第一孔段2111在加工的过程中需要挤压和去除更多的材料，以造成外壳21的外表面在第一孔段2111的加工过程中出现局部鼓起或局部被挤压超宽的现象。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图8，并请进一步参照图9，图9为本申请一些实施例提供的壳体212的仰视图。第一孔段2111的横截面积为S，当50mm 2≤S≤700mm 2时，0.2mm≤H 1≤0.6mm；当700mm 2＜S≤1500mm 2时，0.2mm≤H 1≤0.4mm。
其中，第一孔段2111的横截面积为S，即第一孔段2111垂直于第一方向X的横截面的面积大小为S，也就是说，第一孔段2111沿第一方向X在壳体212的外表面上的投影形成的区域的面积大小为S。
在第一孔段2111的横截面积在50mm 2到700mm 2时，将第一孔段2111的深度设置在0.2mm到0.6mm，并在第一孔段2111的横截面积在700mm 2到1500mm 2时，将第一孔段2111的深度设置在0.2mm到0.4mm，也就是说，当第一孔段2111的横截面积不同时，需要配合将第一孔段2111的深度设置在不同的范围，以缓解因第一孔段2111的横截面过大且第一孔段2111的深度过大时造成第一孔段2111在加工的过程中需要挤压和去除更多的材料，从而有利于减少外壳21的外表面在第一孔段2111的加工过程中出现局部鼓起或局部被挤压超宽的现象。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图8所示，沿第一方向X，第二孔段2112的深度为H 2，满足，0.4mm≤H 2≤0.8mm。
其中，第二孔段2112在第一方向X上的深度，即第二孔段2112在第一方向X上的延伸长度，也就是说，第二孔段2112在第一方向X上的延伸长度为0.4mm到0.8mm。
通过将第二孔段2112的深度设置在0.4mm到0.8mm，一方面能够缓解因第二孔段2112的深度过小而造成泄压机构22的装配难度较高且泄压机构22的连接可靠性较差的问题，另一方面能够缓解因第二孔段2112的深度过大而导致第二孔段2112的加工难度增大的现象。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请继续参见图8所示，沿第一方向X，第三孔段2113的深度为H 3，满足，0.3mm≤H 3≤2mm。
其中，第三孔段2113在第一方向X上的深度，即第三孔段2113在第一方向X上的延伸长度，也就是说，第三孔段2113在第一方向X上的延伸长度为0.3mm到2mm。
通过将第三孔段2113的深度设置在0.3mm到2mm，一方面能够缓解因第三孔段2113的深度过小而导致在泄压机构22覆盖第三孔段2113时用于支撑和装配泄压机构22的区域的结构强度较弱的现象，另一方面能够缓解因第三孔段2113的深度过大而导致第三孔段2113的加工难度增大的现象。除此之外，第三孔段2113的深度过小会导致设置于外壳内部的电极组件等部件挤压泄压机构22，从而对泄压机构22造成破坏，影响其正常使用，所以将第三孔段2113的深度设置在0.3mm到2mm可以保护泄压机构22，以降低泄压机构22被破坏的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图7和图8所示，第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112和第三孔段2113沿第一方向X连续设置。
其中，第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112和第三孔段2113连续设置，即第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112和第三孔段2113为沿第一方向X依次且连续排布。示例性的，在图8中，阶梯孔211只设置有第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112和第三孔段2113，即阶梯孔211包括三个孔段，当然，在一些实施例中，阶梯孔211也可以包括四个、五个或六个等孔段，当阶梯孔211的孔段为四个或四个以上时，其他孔段位于第三孔段2113在第一方向X上背离第二孔段2112的一侧。
通过将第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112和第三孔段2113连续设置，从而有利于进一步提高阶梯孔211的可制造性，以降低阶梯孔211的加工难度。此外，采用这种结构的阶梯孔211还能够沿第一方向X在第三孔段2113的一侧设置更多的孔段，有利于进一步增加泄压机构22与外壳21的内表壁之间的距离，以降低振动工况或电池单体20的电极组件24膨胀对泄压机构22造成冲击或挤压的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图10和图11，图10为本申请又一些实施例提供的电池单体20的壳体212的剖视图，图11为图10所示的壳体212的C处的局部放大图。阶梯孔211还包括第四孔段2116。沿第一方向X，第四孔段2116位于第一孔段2111和第二孔段2112之间，第四孔段2116的孔径小于第一孔段2111的孔径并大于第二孔段2112的孔径。
其中，沿第一方向X，第四孔段2116位于第一孔段2111和第二孔段2112之间，第四孔段2116的孔径小于第一孔段2111的孔径并大于第二孔段2112的孔径，即阶梯孔211包括至少四个孔段，且四个孔段为沿第一方向X依次排布且孔径逐渐减小的第一孔段2111、第四孔段2116、第二孔段2112和第三孔段2113，也就是说，设置于第一孔段2111内的保护件23和设置于第二孔段2112内的泄压机构22通过第四孔段2116分隔。
通过沿第一方向X在第一孔段2111和第二孔段2112之间还设置有第四孔段2116，以使第一孔段2111和第二孔段2112通过第四孔段2116分隔，从而有利于增加泄压机构22与保护件23之间的距离，进而有利于泄压机构22泄放电池单体20内部的压力，以保证泄压机构22的正常使用。
在一些实施例中，请参见图11所示，沿第一方向X，第四孔段2116的深度为H 4，满足，0.2mm≤H 4≤0.4mm。
其中，第四孔段2116在第一方向X上的深度，即第四孔段2116在第一方向X上的延伸长度，也就是说，第四孔段2116在第一方向X上的延伸长度为0.2mm到0.4mm。
通过将第四孔段2116的深度设置在0.2mm到0.4mm，一方面能够缓解因第四孔段2116的深度过小而造成泄压机构22与保护件23之间的间隔距离不够的现象，以保证泄压机构22的正常使用，另一方面能够缓解因第四孔段2116的深度过大而导致第四孔段2116占用的空间过大的现象。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图6、图7和图8所示，外壳21具有壁部，阶梯孔211设置于壁部上，第一孔段2111贯穿壁部的外表面。
其中，外壳21具有壁部，即壁部为外壳21的一个壁，壁部可以是外壳21的端盖213，也可以是壳体212的底壁2123或侧壁2124。示例性的，在图6和图9中，壁部为壳体212的底壁2123，也就是说，阶梯孔211设置于壳体212的底壁2123上。
第一孔段2111贯穿壁部的外表面，即第一孔段2111的孔壁与底壁2123的外表面相连，也就是说，第一孔段2111为阶梯孔211的多个孔段中在第一方向X上最远离壳体212的容纳空间2121的孔段。
外壳21具有用于设置阶梯孔211的壁部，且阶梯孔211的第一孔段2111贯穿壁部的外表面，也就是说，第一孔段2111为阶梯孔211的多个孔段中最远离外壳21的内部的孔段，即第一孔段2111的孔壁与壁部的外表面相连，这种结构便于对保护件23进行装配，有利于降低保护件23装配至第一孔段2111内的装配难度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图6和图9所示，第一孔段2111的孔壁到壁部的边缘的最小距离为D 1，满足，D 1≥3mm。
其中，第一孔段2111的孔壁到壁部的边缘的最小距离，即第一孔段2111的孔壁与底壁2123的边缘之间的最小间距。
示例性的，电池单体20为长方体结构，即壳体212为长方体结构，使得底壁2123为矩形结构，第一孔段2111的孔壁到底壁2123的边缘的最小距离，即为第一孔段2111的孔壁与底壁2123的四个边中距离最小的边之间的距离。当然，在其他实施例中，电池单体20还可以是圆柱体结构，也就是说，底壁2123为圆形结构，第一孔段2111的孔壁到底壁2123的边缘的最小距离，即沿底壁2123的径向，第一孔段2111的孔壁到底壁2123的外边缘的最小尺寸。
通过将第一孔段2111的孔壁到壁部的边缘之间的最小距离设置为大于或等于3mm，从而能够缓解因第一孔段2111的孔壁与壁部的边缘之间的距离过小而导致第一孔段2111的加工难度较大的现象，以便于对阶梯孔211的第一孔段2111进行加工。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参见图9所示，与第一孔段2111相邻的孔段的孔壁到壁部的边缘的最小距离为D 2，满足，0.5mm≤D 2-D 1≤3mm。
其中，与第一孔段2111相邻的孔段的孔壁到壁部的边缘的最小距离，即与第一孔段2111相邻的孔段的孔壁与底壁2123的边缘之间的最小间距。需要说明的是，在第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112和第三孔段2113沿第一方向X连续设置的实施例中，D 2则为第二孔段2112的孔壁到壳体212的底壁2123的边缘之间的最小间距；在第一孔段2111和第二孔段2112之间设置有第四孔段2116的实施例中，D 2则为第四孔段2116的孔壁到壳体212的底壁2123的边缘之间的最小间距。
示例性的，在图9中，以阶梯孔211包括沿第一方向X连续设置第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112和第三孔段2113的实施例为例，壳体212的底壁2123为矩形结构，阶梯孔211呈椭圆形，且椭圆形的长边与底壁的宽度方向Y一致，底壁的宽度方向Y与第一方向X相互垂直，使得第一孔段2111的孔壁到壁部的边缘的最小距离D 1即为第一孔段2111的孔壁在底壁的宽度方向Y上到底壁2123的边缘的最小距离，且使得第二孔段2112的孔壁到壁部的边缘的最小距离为D 2即为第二孔段2112的孔壁在底壁的宽度方向Y上到底壁2123的边缘的最小距离。
通过将与第一孔段2111相邻的孔段的孔壁到壁部的边缘之间的最小距离与第一孔段2111的孔壁到壁部的边缘之间的小距离的差值设置在0.5mm到3mm，从而一方面能够缓解因差值过小而造成第一孔段2111的加工难度大，且不便于对保护件23进行装配的现象，另一方面能够缓解因差值过大而造成第一孔段2111在加工的过程中需要挤压和去除更多的材料，以缓解壁部的外表面在第一孔段2111的加工过程中出现局部鼓起或局部被挤压超宽的现象。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一孔段2111的横截面积为S，当50mm 2≤S≤700mm 2时，0.5mm≤D 2-D 1≤3mm；当700mm 2＜S≤1500mm 2时，0.5mm≤D 2-D 1≤1.5mm。
其中，第一孔段2111的横截面积为S，即第一孔段2111垂直于第一方向X的横截面的面积大小为S，也就是说，第一孔段2111沿第一方向X在壳体212的外表面上的投影形成的区域的面积大小为S。
在第一孔段2111的横截面积在50mm 2到700mm 2时，将D 2和D 1的差值设置在0.5mm到3mm，并在第一孔段2111的横截面积在700mm 2到1500mm 2时，将D 2和D 1的差值设置在0.5mm到1.5mm，也就是说，当第一孔段2111的横截面积不同时，需要配合将将D 2和D 1的差值设置在不同的范围，以缓解因第一孔段2111的横截面过大且将D 2和D 1的差值过大时造成第一孔段2111在加工的过程中需要挤压和去除更多的材料，从而有利于减少壁部的外表面出现局部鼓起或局部被挤压超宽的现象。
在一些实施例中，参见图9所示，壁部包括依次连接的第一边缘2123a、第二边缘2123b、第三边缘2123c和第四边缘2123d，第一边缘2123a和第三边缘2123c沿壁部的宽度方向相对布置，第二边缘2123b和第四边缘2123d沿壁部的长度方向相对布置，壁部的宽度方向、壁部的长度方向和第一方向X两两垂直。第一孔段2111的孔壁到第一边缘2123a的最小距离为D 1，第二孔段2112的孔壁到第一边缘2123a的最小距离为D 2。
示例性的，壁部为壳体212的底壁2123，第一边缘2123a和第三边缘2123c沿壁部的宽度方向相对布置，第二边缘2123b和第四边缘2123d沿壁部的长度方向相对布置，即底壁2123为由第一边缘2123a、第二边缘2123b、第三边缘2123c和第四边缘2123d围合形成的矩形结构，壁部的宽度方向为底壁的宽度方向Y，壁部的长度方向为底壁的长度方向Z，且底壁的宽度方向Y、底壁的长度方向Z和第一方向X两两垂直。
壁部具有依次连接的第一边缘2123a、第二边缘2123b、第三边缘2123c和第四边缘2123d，且两两相对布置，以形成矩形结构的壁部，使得第一孔段2111的孔壁和第二孔段2112的孔壁到壁部在壁部的宽度方向上的第一边缘2123a的最小距离即为D 1和D 2，这种结构的壁部便于对阶梯孔211进行加工和制造，且有利于保证阶梯孔211的制造精度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图3和图4所示，外壳21包括壳体212和端盖213。壳体212内部形成有用于容纳电极组件24的容纳空间2121，壳体212的一端设置有与容纳空间2121连通的开口2122，壳体212具有壁部，阶梯孔211与容纳空间2121连通。端盖213盖合于开口2122。
其中，壳体212具有壁部，阶梯孔211与容纳空间2121连通，即阶梯孔211设置于外壳21的壳体212上，且阶梯孔211贯穿壳体212的两侧。当然，在其他实施例中，阶梯孔211也可以设置于外壳21而定端盖213上。
通过将阶梯孔211设置于壳体212上，从而使得泄压机构22安装于壳体212上，这种结构便于对阶梯孔211进行加工和制造，且有利于降低泄压机构22与壳体212之间的装配难度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图6和图7所示，壳体212包括底壁2123和侧壁2124。侧壁2124围设于底壁2123的周围，侧壁2124在第一方向X上的一端围成开口2122，与开口2122相对的另一端连接于底壁2123。其中，壁部为底壁2123。
壁部为底壁2123，即阶梯孔211设置于壳体212的底壁2123上，且阶梯孔211沿第一方向X贯穿底壁2123的两侧。当然，在其他实施例中，阶梯孔211也可以设置于壳体212的侧壁2124上。
通过将阶梯孔211设置于壳体212的底壁2123上，以将泄压机构22安装于壳体212的底壁2123上，这种结构的电池100的安踏一方面便于电池单体20在使用过程中通过泄压机构22对外壳21内部的压力进行泄放，另一方面在具有这种电池单体20的电池100中，当多个电池单体20堆放成组时，通过将泄压机构22设置于壳体212的底壁2123上能够缓解泄压机构22泄放的高温气体冲击相邻的电池单体20的现象，以减少电池单体20之间的相互影响，从而有利于提高电池100的使用安全性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池100，包括多个以上任一方案的电池单体20。
其中，参见图2所示，电池100可以还包括箱体10，多个电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种用电装置，包括以上任一方案的电池100，并且电池100用于为用电装置提供电能。
用电装置可以是前述任一应用电池100的设备或系统。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图3至图9所示，本申请提供了一种电池单体20，电池单体20包括外壳21、电极组件24、泄压机构22和保护件23。外壳21包括壳体212和端盖213，壳体212包括底壁2123和侧壁2124，侧壁2124围设于底壁2123的周围，侧壁2124在第一方向X上的一端围成开口2122，与开口2122相对的另一端连接于底壁2123，侧壁2124与底壁2123共同形成用于容纳电极组件24的容纳空间2121，端盖213盖合于壳体212的开口2122。底壁2123上设置有阶梯孔211，阶梯孔211沿第一方向X贯穿底壁2123的两侧，阶梯孔211包括沿第一方向X孔径逐级减小且连续设置的第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112和第三孔段2113，第一孔段2111贯穿底壁2123的外表面，泄压机构22设置于第二孔段2112内，并覆盖第三孔段2113，保护件23设置于第一孔段2111，并覆盖第二孔段2112。其中，沿第一方向X，第一孔段2111的深度为H 1，第二孔段2112的深度为H 2，第三孔段2113的深度为H 3，满足，0.2mm≤H 1≤0.6mm，0.4mm≤H 2≤0.8mm，0.3mm≤H 3≤2mm。第一孔段2111的孔壁到壁部的边缘的最小距离为D 1，第二孔段2112的孔壁到壁部的边缘的最小距离为D 2，满足，D 1≥3mm，且0.5mm≤D 2-D 1≤3mm。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互结合。
以上仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳，设置有与所述外壳的内部连通的阶梯孔，所述阶梯孔包括沿第一方向设置的第一孔段和第二孔段，所述第一孔段位于所述第二孔段背离所述外壳的内部的一侧；
    泄压机构和保护件，分别设置于所述第二孔段和所述第一孔段内，所述保护件覆盖所述泄压机构的至少部分。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一孔段的孔径大于所述第二孔段的孔径。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述阶梯孔还包括：
    第三孔段，所述第一孔段、所述第二孔段和所述第三孔段沿所述第一方向排布，所述第三孔段的孔径小于所述第二孔段的孔径，所述泄压机构设置于所述第二孔段内，并覆盖所述第三孔段，所述保护件设置于所述第一孔段，并覆盖所述第二孔段。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述第一孔段的深度为H 1，满足，0.2mm≤H 1≤0.6mm。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一孔段的横截面积为S，当50mm 2≤S≤700mm 2时，0.2mm≤H 1≤0.6mm；
    当700mm 2＜S≤1500mm 2时，0.2mm≤H 1≤0.4mm。
  6. 根据权利要求3-5任一项所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述第二孔段的深度为H 2，满足，0.4mm≤H 2≤0.8mm。
  7. 根据权利要求3-6任一项所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述第三孔段的深度为H 3，满足，0.3mm≤H 3≤2mm。
  8. 根据权利要求3-7任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一孔段、所述第二孔段和所述第三孔段沿所述第一方向连续设置。
  9. 根据权利要求3-7任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述阶梯孔还包括：
    第四孔段，沿所述第一方向，所述第四孔段位于所述第一孔段和所述第二孔段之间，所述第四孔段的孔径小于所述第一孔段的孔径并大于所述第二孔段的孔径。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述第四孔段的深度为H 4，满足，0.2mm≤H 4≤0.4mm。
  11. 根据权利要求3-10任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳具有壁部，所述阶梯孔设置于所述壁部上，所述第一孔段贯穿所述壁部的外表面。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一孔段的孔壁到所述壁部的边缘的最小距离为D 1，满足，D 1≥3mm。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池单体，其中，与所述第一孔段相邻的孔段的孔壁到所述壁部的边缘的最小距离为D 2，满足，0.5mm≤D 2-D 1≤3mm。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一孔段的横截面积为S，当50mm 2≤S≤700mm 2时，0.5mm≤D 2-D 1≤3mm；
    当700mm 2＜S≤1500mm 2时，0.5mm≤D 2-D 1≤1.5mm。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的电池单体，其中，所述壁部包括依次连接的第一边缘、第二边缘、第三边缘和第四边缘，所述第一边缘和所述第三边缘沿所述壁部的宽度方向相对布置，所述第二边缘和所述第四边缘沿所述壁部的长度方向相对布置，所述壁部的宽度方向、所述壁部的长度方向和所述第一方向两两垂直；
    所述第一孔段的孔壁到所述第一边缘的最小距离为D 1，与所述第一孔段相邻的孔段的孔壁到所述第一边缘的最小距离为D 2。
  16. 根据权利要求11-15任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳包括：
    壳体，内部形成有用于容纳电极组件的容纳空间，所述壳体的一端设置有与所述容纳空间连通的开口，所述壳体具有所述壁部，所述阶梯孔与所述容纳空间连通；
    端盖，盖合于所述开口。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池单体，其中，所述壳体包括：
    底壁；
    侧壁，围设于所述底壁的周围，所述侧壁在所述第一方向上的一端围成所述开口，与所述开口相对的另一端连接于所述底壁；
    其中，所述壁部为所述底壁。
  18. 一种电池，包括多个根据权利要求1-17任一项所述的电池单体。
  19. 一种用电装置，包括根据权利要求18所述的电池。
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