WO2023144902A1 - 空気調和機および空気調和機の制御方法 - Google Patents

空気調和機および空気調和機の制御方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023144902A1
WO2023144902A1 PCT/JP2022/002772 JP2022002772W WO2023144902A1 WO 2023144902 A1 WO2023144902 A1 WO 2023144902A1 JP 2022002772 W JP2022002772 W JP 2022002772W WO 2023144902 A1 WO2023144902 A1 WO 2023144902A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
heat exchanger
expansion valve
indoor
switching device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2022/002772
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
武志 井上
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Electric Corp filed Critical Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority to EP22923771.4A priority Critical patent/EP4471354A4/en
Priority to JP2023576302A priority patent/JP7584683B2/ja
Priority to PCT/JP2022/002772 priority patent/WO2023144902A1/ja
Publication of WO2023144902A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023144902A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F25B41/24—Arrangement of shut-off valves for disconnecting a part of the refrigerant cycle, e.g. an outdoor part
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
    • F25B2313/02742—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using two four-way valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—Component parts or details not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • F25B2400/05—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system
    • F25B2400/054—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system between the suction tube of the compressor and another part of the cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1933—Suction pressures

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to air conditioners and air conditioner control methods.
  • Some air conditioners are equipped with an internal heat exchanger that cools the refrigerant discharged from the outdoor heat exchanger during cooling operation.
  • a compressor that compresses a refrigerant, a branch provided in a high-pressure liquid pipe through which the refrigerant discharged from the outdoor heat exchanger flows, and a branch provided between the compressor and the branch, cooling
  • the refrigerant is branched at the branching portion and depressurized by the throttle device, thereby exchanging heat between the cooled refrigerant and the refrigerant that remains branched at the branching portion, and cools the refrigerant that remains branched at the branching portion.
  • an internal heat exchanger that directs the heat back to the high pressure liquid line.
  • the internal heat exchanger cools the refrigerant discharged from the outdoor heat exchanger during cooling operation. Therefore, the cooling performance of the air conditioner is enhanced.
  • this air conditioner has two indoor heat exchangers, one of which is used as an evaporator and the other as a condenser. By closing the switching valve between the branches, the internal heat exchanger can be used as a reservoir for excess refrigerant. As a result, the heating performance of the air conditioner is enhanced.
  • the internal heat exchanger includes a throttle device for reducing the pressure of the refrigerant. Therefore, the structure is complicated.
  • the present disclosure has been made to solve the above problems, and aims to provide an air conditioner with improved cooling performance and heating performance with a simple structure and a control method for the air conditioner.
  • the air conditioner according to the present disclosure includes a refrigerant circuit, an internal heat exchanger, and a control device.
  • the refrigerant circuit includes an outdoor heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the outdoor air, a first expansion valve that expands the refrigerant, an indoor heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the indoor air, a compressor that compresses the refrigerant, and a refrigerant has a first switching device for switching the direction of flow of air, the outdoor heat exchanger, the first expansion valve, the indoor heat exchanger and the first switching device are sequentially connected, and the compressor is connected to the first switching device there is
  • the internal heat exchanger is connected to the first flow path connected to the first switching device and the compressor, and the branch portion of the refrigerant pipe connecting the outdoor heat exchanger to the first expansion valve and the branch portion of the refrigerant pipe.
  • the control device switches the second switching device to a state in which the second flow path and the first expansion valve communicate with each other when causing the indoor heat exchanger to cool the indoor air, and heat is exchanged by the internal heat exchanger.
  • the second switching device When the refrigerant is flowed to the first expansion valve and the indoor heat exchanger is caused to heat the indoor air, the second switching device is switched to the state of releasing the communication between the second flow path and the first expansion valve, and the second Stopping the flow of refrigerant from the passageway to the first expansion valve.
  • the control device switches the second switching device to a state in which the second flow path and the first expansion valve communicate with each other when causing the indoor heat exchanger to cool the indoor air.
  • the refrigerant heat-exchanged by the heat exchanger is passed to the first expansion valve. Therefore, the temperature of the refrigerant flowing to the indoor heat exchanger via the first expansion valve is lowered. As a result, the cooling performance of the air conditioner is enhanced.
  • the control device switches the second switching device to a state in which the communication between the second flow path and the first expansion valve is released, and Stop the flow of refrigerant to the first expansion valve. Therefore, the refrigerant that has entered the second flow path remains in the second flow path when the indoor heat exchanger is caused to heat the indoor air. As a result, excess refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit during heating is suppressed. Thereby, the heating performance of the air conditioner is enhanced.
  • the internal heat exchanger is provided at a branch portion of the refrigerant pipe connecting the outdoor heat exchanger to the first expansion valve and at a portion closer to the first expansion valve than the branch portion of the refrigerant pipe, thereby controlling the flow of the refrigerant.
  • a second flow path connected to a switching second switching device is provided, and the second flow path and the refrigerant pipe are communicated or disconnected only by switching the second switching device by the control device.
  • Refrigerant circuit diagram of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present disclosure Hardware configuration diagram of a control device included in the air conditioner according to the embodiment Refrigerant circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant during cooling operation of the air conditioner according to the embodiment Refrigerant circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant during heating operation of the air conditioner according to the embodiment
  • the air conditioner according to the embodiment is an air conditioner that conditions the indoor air of a railway vehicle.
  • This air conditioner includes an indoor heat exchanger, an outdoor heat exchanger, and an internal heat exchanger used to improve cooling performance.
  • This air conditioner is provided with a control device that switches the three-way valve to control the flow of the refrigerant to the internal heat exchanger during the cooling operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of an air conditioner 1 according to an embodiment.
  • the electrical connections between the control device 80 and each component are shown by dotted lines.
  • the air conditioner 1 includes a compressor 10 that compresses the refrigerant, three-way valves 21 and 22 that switch the direction of flow of the refrigerant, an outdoor heat exchanger 30 that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the outdoor air, It is provided with expansion valves 41 and 42 for expanding the refrigerant, and an indoor heat exchanger 50 for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and indoor air.
  • Compressor 10 , three-way valves 21 and 22 , outdoor heat exchanger 30 , expansion valves 41 and 42 and indoor heat exchanger 50 are connected in this order to form refrigerant circuit 2 .
  • the compressor 10 is a device that converts low-pressure refrigerant into high-pressure refrigerant by compressing it.
  • the compressor 10 has a suction port and a discharge port (not shown), sucks low-pressure refrigerant from the suction port, and discharges high-pressure refrigerant from the discharge port.
  • the suction port is connected to an internal heat exchanger 60, which will be described later.
  • the discharge port allows the refrigerant to flow in the direction from the compressor 10 to the three-way valve 21, and through the check valve 11 that does not allow the refrigerant to flow in the opposite direction. , is connected to the three-way valve 21 .
  • the three-way valves 21 and 22 are connected in parallel. Specifically, the three-way valve 21 has three connection ports. A pipe branching from a refrigerant pipe 31 connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 30 is connected to the first connection port among the three connection ports. A refrigerant pipe 12 extending from the compressor 10 is connected to the second connection port. Further, a pipe branched from a refrigerant pipe 51 connected to the indoor heat exchanger 50 is connected to the third connection port.
  • the three-way valve 22 also has a first connection port, a second connection port, and a third connection port.
  • a pipe branched from the refrigerant pipe 31 is connected to the first connection port.
  • a refrigerant pipe 63 extending from the internal heat exchanger 60 is connected to the second connection port.
  • a pipe branched from the refrigerant pipe 51 is connected to the third connection port.
  • the three-way valves 21 and 22 are, for example, electromagnetic valves or electric valves.
  • a controller 80 which will be described later, is electrically connected to the three-way valves 21 and 22. As shown in FIG.
  • the three-way valves 21 and 22 are switched by the control device 80 to flow the refrigerant flowing from the compressor 10 through the refrigerant pipe 12 to the refrigerant pipe 31 connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 30 .
  • the three-way valves 21 and 22 allow the refrigerant discharged from the indoor heat exchanger 50 through the refrigerant pipe 51 to flow to the refrigerant pipe 63 connected to the internal heat exchanger 60 . As a result, the three-way valves 21 and 22 bring the operating state of the air conditioner 1 into the cooling operating state.
  • the three-way valves 21 and 22 are switched by the control device 80 to flow the refrigerant flowing from the compressor 10 to the refrigerant pipe 51 connected to the indoor heat exchanger 50 . Furthermore, the refrigerant discharged from the outdoor heat exchanger 30 through the refrigerant pipe 31 is allowed to flow to the refrigerant pipe 63 connected to the internal heat exchanger 60 . As a result, the three-way valves 21 and 22 bring the operating state of the air conditioner 1 into the heating operating state.
  • the three-way valves 21 and 22 switch the direction of flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 2 to bring the air conditioner 1 into cooling operation or heating operation.
  • the three-way valves 21 , 22 allow the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 10 to flow to the outdoor heat exchanger 30 or the indoor heat exchanger 50 .
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 30 has a fin-and-tube structure. Specifically, the outdoor heat exchanger 30 has a plurality of fins and a plurality of tubes (not shown), and outdoor air is blown to the fins by a fan (not shown). Refrigerant flowing from the compressor 10 during cooling operation also flows through these tubes. Alternatively, the refrigerant that flows from the expansion valve 41 during heating operation flows. As a result, the outdoor heat exchanger 30 exchanges heat between the outdoor air blown through the fins and the refrigerant flowing through the tubes, condensing the refrigerant during cooling operation, or evaporating the refrigerant during heating operation.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 30 functions as a condenser during cooling operation, or functions as an evaporator during heating operation.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 30 flows the refrigerant to the expansion valve 42 shown in FIG. 1 during cooling operation, and flows the refrigerant to the three-way valves 21 and 22 during heating operation.
  • the expansion valves 41 and 42 are provided with valve bodies (not shown) that adjust the opening degree of the refrigerant passages.
  • the expansion valves 41 and 42 are, for example, electromagnetic valves or electric valves.
  • a control device 80 shown in FIG. 1 is electrically connected to the expansion valves 41 and 42, and the output of the control device 80 adjusts the opening degree of the flow path by the valve body.
  • the expansion valves 41 and 42 reduce the pressure of the refrigerant according to the degree of opening of the valve bodies.
  • the expansion valves 41 and 42 expand the refrigerant by decompressing the refrigerant to a pressure corresponding to the output of the control device 80 .
  • the expansion valves 41 and 42 are provided to expand the refrigerant in each of the heating operation and the cooling operation.
  • the expansion valve 41 is connected in parallel with the check valve 68 so that it is used only during the heating operation and is not used during the cooling operation.
  • the check valve 68 directs the refrigerant from the refrigerant pipe 32 branching between the expansion valve 41 and the outdoor heat exchanger 30 toward the internal heat exchanger 60 or toward the indoor heat exchanger 50 . It is possible to flow the refrigerant, but it is impossible to flow the refrigerant in the opposite direction.
  • the expansion valve 42 is connected in parallel with the check valve 46 so that it is used only during the cooling operation and is not used during the heating operation.
  • the check valve 46 allows the refrigerant to flow in the direction from the indoor heat exchanger 50 side to the outdoor heat exchanger 30 side, but cannot allow the refrigerant to flow in the opposite direction.
  • the expansion valves 41 and 42 are controlled by the control device 80 to adjust the opening degrees of the respective valve bodies according to whether the operation is cooling operation or heating operation.
  • the expansion valve 42 expands the refrigerant, and the expanded refrigerant is discharged to the indoor heat exchanger 50 .
  • the expansion valve 41 expands the refrigerant, and the expanded refrigerant is discharged to the outdoor heat exchanger 30 .
  • the indoor heat exchanger 50 like the outdoor heat exchanger 30, has a fin-and-tube structure. Specifically, the indoor heat exchanger 50 has fins (not shown) similar to the outdoor heat exchanger 30, and indoor air is blown to the fins from a fan (not shown).
  • the indoor heat exchanger 50 also has tubes (not shown) through which the refrigerant expanded by the expansion valve 42 flows in the cooling operation. Alternatively, in the case of heating operation, the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 10 flows. As a result, the indoor heat exchanger 50 exchanges heat between the blown indoor air and the refrigerant flowing through the tubes.
  • the indoor heat exchanger 50 functions as an evaporator that absorbs the heat of the indoor air and evaporates the refrigerant during the cooling operation, or releases heat to the indoor air and condenses the refrigerant during the heating operation. It functions as a condenser that As a result, the indoor heat exchanger 50 cools the indoor air during the cooling operation and warms the indoor air during the heating operation. The indoor heat exchanger 50 returns the refrigerant to the three-way valves 21 and 22 during cooling operation, and flows the refrigerant to the expansion valve 41 during heating operation.
  • the air conditioner 1 performs cooling operation or heating operation by means of the refrigerant circuit 2 formed by such components. Basically, in those operations, the condenser must transfer the heat input from the air in the evaporator and the heat input due to the work of compression to the air. Therefore, the condenser is required to have a higher heat exchange performance than the evaporator.
  • refrigerants composed of substances existing in nature are used. Specifically, carbon dioxide, ie, CO 2 is used as the refrigerant.
  • the CO 2 does not liquefy when the pressure exceeds the supercritical point and becomes supercritical. For this reason, it is desirable to use a large-capacity heat exchanger, sometimes called a gas cooler, for the outdoor heat exchanger 30 that functions as a condenser during cooling operation. From this background, the volume of the portion of the outdoor heat exchanger 30 that accommodates the refrigerant is larger than the volume of the portion that accommodates the refrigerant of the indoor heat exchanger 50 when compared with air conditioners that involve changes in refrigerant condensation. even bigger.
  • the amount of refrigerant used in the refrigerant circuit 2 is determined according to the volume of the outdoor heat exchanger 30 that functions as a condenser during cooling operation, Since the indoor heat exchanger 50 with a small volume functions as a condenser, excess refrigerant is generated. As a result, the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant flowing through the indoor heat exchanger 30 rise during the heating operation, and the heating performance of the air conditioner 1 deteriorates. On the other hand, if the volume of the indoor heat exchanger 50 is made larger than that of the outdoor heat exchanger 30 in order to prevent deterioration of the heating performance of the air conditioner 1, the amount of refrigerant required increases and the size of the air conditioner 1 increases. A problem arises.
  • the air conditioner 1 has an internal heat exchanger 60 for improving the cooling performance, and a three-way switch that switches the flow of refrigerant to the internal heat exchanger 60 to store surplus refrigerant in the internal heat exchanger 60 during heating operation. and a valve 70 .
  • the internal heat exchanger 60 has a multi-tubular cylindrical structure in order to exchange heat between two types of refrigerants in different states.
  • the internal heat exchanger 60 has a plurality of tubes 61 communicating with each other, and a cylindrical shell 62 that accommodates the tubes 61 therein and has a cylindrical axis directed in the direction in which the tubes 61 extend. .
  • the refrigerant to be subjected to heat exchange is poured, more specifically, the low-temperature refrigerant flowing from the indoor heat exchanger 50 during cooling operation, or the refrigerant flowing from the outdoor heat exchanger 30 during heating operation.
  • a refrigerant pipe 63 connected to the second connection port of the three-way valve 22 is connected to flow a low-temperature refrigerant.
  • refrigerant pipes 64 connected to the compressor 10 are connected to the plurality of tubes 61 in order to discharge the flowed refrigerant.
  • a refrigerant pipe 65 is connected to the shell 62 to flow the high-temperature refrigerant condensed by the outdoor heat exchanger 30 during the cooling operation, which is the object of heat exchange.
  • the refrigerant pipe 65 is connected to the branch portion 33 in the refrigerant pipe 32 connecting the outdoor heat exchanger 30 and the expansion valve 41 .
  • the refrigerant pipe 65 is provided with a filter 67 for removing moisture and foreign matter from the refrigerant.
  • a coolant pipe 66 is connected to the shell 62 to discharge the coolant that has flowed into it.
  • the refrigerant pipe 66 is connected to the connecting portion between the refrigerant pipe 43 extending from the expansion valve 41 and the refrigerant pipe 44 extending from the expansion valve 42 .
  • the refrigerant can flow in the direction from the refrigerant pipe 32 toward the shell 62, and the refrigerant cannot flow in the opposite direction.
  • a check valve 68 is provided.
  • a refrigerant pipe 45 branching from the refrigerant pipe 43 connected to the expansion valve 41 is connected to an intermediate portion 651 in the extending direction of the refrigerant pipe 65 in order to take in the refrigerant on the expansion valve 41 side.
  • the refrigerant can flow in the refrigerant pipe 45 in the direction from the refrigerant pipe 43 to the shell 62, and the refrigerant can flow in the opposite direction.
  • a refrigerant pipe 45 is provided having a check valve 69 that prevents the flow of refrigerant.
  • a plurality of tubes 61 are arranged in the internal space of the shell 62 with gaps between them and the inner wall of the shell 62 .
  • the tube 61 is made of a highly thermally conductive metal such as aluminum.
  • a refrigerant pipe 66 is connected to the shell 62 , the cooled refrigerant is discharged to the refrigerant pipe 66 .
  • the refrigerant pipe 66 is provided with a three-way valve 70 for controlling whether or not the discharged refrigerant flows to the indoor heat exchanger 50 .
  • the three-way valve 70 is connected with a refrigerant pipe 66 connected to the shell 62 of the internal heat exchanger 60, a refrigerant pipe 43 connected to the expansion valve 41, and a refrigerant pipe 44 connected to the expansion valve 42. ing. Like the three-way valves 21 and 22, the three-way valve 70 is, for example, an electromagnetic valve or an electric valve. Also, the three-way valve 70 is electrically connected to the control device 80 . The three-way valve 70 is switched by the control device 80 to flow the cooled refrigerant discharged from the shell 62 to the refrigerant pipe 66 during the cooling operation to the refrigerant pipe 44 and supply it to the expansion valve 42 . As a result, the temperature of the refrigerant expanded by the expansion valve 42 becomes lower. As a result, the indoor heat exchanger 50 cools the indoor air with higher efficiency.
  • the air conditioner 1 includes a control device 80 in order to switch the three-way valve 70 according to the state of cooling operation and heating operation. Next, a configuration of the control device 80 and a method of controlling the air conditioner 1 by the control device 80 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4. FIG.
  • FIG. 2 is a hardware configuration diagram of the control device 80 included in the air conditioner 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant during cooling operation of the air conditioner 1 .
  • FIG. 4 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant during heating operation of the air conditioner 1 .
  • the connection destination of the control device 80 is also shown for easy understanding. 3 and 4, each portion of the refrigerant circuit 2 is indicated by an arrow to indicate the direction in which the refrigerant flows.
  • the control device 80 and electrical connections between the control device 80 and each component are omitted.
  • the control device 80 has an I/O port (Input/Output Port) 81, and the I/O port 81 has a control port for controlling the control device 80 in order to realize the flow of the coolant described above.
  • the target compressor 10, three-way valves 21, 22, 70 and expansion valves 41, 42 are electrically connected.
  • the I/O port 81 is electrically connected to the pressure sensors 91 and 92 and the switch 93 shown in FIGS.
  • the pressure sensor 91 checks whether the pressure of the refrigerant is low when the air conditioner 1 is operating and when the air conditioner 1 is stopped, and detects refrigerant leakage. Therefore, it is a sensor that detects the pressure of the refrigerant.
  • the pressure sensor 92 is a sensor that detects the pressure of the refrigerant during the operation of the air conditioner 1 in order to check whether the pressure of the refrigerant has reached a high pressure exceeding an allowable value.
  • the switch 93 is a switch for stopping the operation of the air conditioner 1 when the pressure of the refrigerant reaches a high pressure exceeding an allowable value.
  • the control device 80 also includes a computer including a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 82, a ROM (Read-Only Memory) 83 and a RAM (Random Access Memory) 84, as shown in FIG.
  • the CPU 82 , ROM 83 and RAM 84 are electrically connected to the I/O port 81 .
  • the control device 80 performs various processes for controlling each component of the air conditioner 1 by causing the CPU 82 to read various programs stored in the ROM 83 to the RAM 84 and execute them.
  • control device 80 causes the CPU 82 to execute a control program stored in the ROM 83 to operate the compressor 10 electrically connected to the above-described I/O port 81, and the three-way valves 21, 22, 70 and the expansion valves 41 and 42 are opened and closed, and the degree of opening is controlled.
  • the control device 80 operates the compressor 10 when the cooling operation is selected by pressing a start button (not shown) and then pressing a mode selection button (not shown). Furthermore, the control device 80 switches the connection relationship between the connection ports of the three-way valves 21 and 22 to switch the refrigerant pipe 12 connected to the compressor 10 and the refrigerant pipe 31 connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 30 shown in FIG. communicate. Also, the refrigerant pipes 51 connected to the indoor heat exchanger 50 and the refrigerant pipes 63 connected to the tubes 61 of the internal heat exchanger 60 are communicated.
  • the control device 80 also switches the connection relationship between the connection ports of the three-way valve 70 to allow the refrigerant pipe 66 connected to the shell 62 of the internal heat exchanger 60 and the refrigerant pipe 44 connected to the expansion valve 42 to communicate with each other. In this state, the controller 80 closes the expansion valve 41 and opens the expansion valve 42 .
  • the controller 80 operates the compressor 10, the three-way valve 21, the outdoor heat exchanger 30, the check valve 68, as indicated by the arrows in FIG. , the filter 67, the shell 62 of the internal heat exchanger 60, the three-way valve 70, the expansion valve 42, the indoor heat exchanger 50, the three-way valve 22, the tube 61 of the internal heat exchanger 60, and the compressor 10. Circulate coolant through the parts.
  • the control device 80 causes the outdoor heat exchanger 30 to function as a condenser and the indoor heat exchanger 50 to function as an evaporator. As a result, a cooling operation is performed in which the indoor air is cooled.
  • the high-temperature refrigerant condensed by the outdoor heat exchanger 30 flows through the refrigerant pipe 65 into the shell 62 of the internal heat exchanger 60 .
  • the low-temperature refrigerant evaporated by the indoor heat exchanger 50 flows through the refrigerant pipe 63 into the tube 61 of the internal heat exchanger 60 .
  • the high-temperature refrigerant flowing through the shell 62 and the low-temperature refrigerant flowing through the tubes 61 exchange heat. This cools the high-temperature coolant flowing through the shell 62 .
  • the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the shell 62 to the refrigerant pipe 66 and supplied to the expansion valve 42 becomes lower.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant expanded by the expansion valve 42 and supplied to the indoor heat exchanger 50 also becomes lower.
  • the indoor heat exchanger 50 cools the indoor air with higher efficiency. As a result, the cooling efficiency of the air conditioner 1 is enhanced.
  • the control device 80 switches the connection relationship between the connection ports of the three-way valves 21 and 22, respectively, to perform the compression operation shown in FIG.
  • the refrigerant pipe 12 connected to the machine 10 and the refrigerant pipe 51 connected to the indoor heat exchanger 50 are communicated.
  • the refrigerant pipes 31 connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 30 and the refrigerant pipes 63 connected to the tubes 61 of the internal heat exchanger 60 are communicated.
  • control device 80 switches the connection relationship between the connection ports of the three-way valve 70, thereby releasing the communication between the refrigerant pipe 66 connected to the shell 62 of the internal heat exchanger 60 and the refrigerant pipe 44 connected to the expansion valve 42. Then, the refrigerant pipe 44 is communicated with the refrigerant pipe 43 connected to the expansion valve 41 . In this state, the controller 80 opens the expansion valve 41 and closes the expansion valve 42 .
  • the controller 80 By controlling these three-way valves 21, 22, 70 and expansion valves 41, 42, the controller 80 operates the compressor 10, the three-way valve 21, the indoor heat exchanger 50, the check valve 46, as indicated by the arrows in FIG. , the three-way valve 70, the expansion valve 41, the outdoor heat exchanger 30, the three-way valve 22, the tube 61 of the internal heat exchanger 60, and the compressor 10 in this order.
  • the control device 80 causes the outdoor heat exchanger 30 to function as an evaporator and the indoor heat exchanger 50 to function as a condenser. As a result, a heating operation is performed in which the indoor air is heated.
  • the three-way valve 70 closes the end of the refrigerant pipe 66 connected to the shell 62 of the internal heat exchanger 60 on the side of the refrigerant pipes 43 and 44 .
  • the refrigerant pipe 66 is separated from the refrigerant pipes 43 and 44 .
  • the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 66 in the area A1 shown in FIG. 4 is prevented from flowing out to the refrigerant pipes 43 and 44 .
  • the refrigerant in the shell 62 is prevented from flowing out to the refrigerant pipes 43 and 44 via the refrigerant pipe 66 .
  • the refrigerant pipe 65 connected to the shell 62 is provided with a check valve 68 that prevents the refrigerant from flowing from the shell 62 to the refrigerant pipe 32 connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 30 .
  • the refrigerant pipe 45 connected to the intermediate portion 651 of the refrigerant pipe 65 is provided with a check valve 69 that prevents the refrigerant from flowing from the refrigerant pipe 65 to the refrigerant pipe 43 of the expansion valve 41 to which the refrigerant pipe 45 is connected. ing.
  • the refrigerant in part of the refrigerant pipes 65 and 45 in the area A2 shown in FIG. 4 is prevented from flowing out to the refrigerant pipes 32 and 43 .
  • the refrigerant in the shell 62 is prevented from flowing out to the refrigerant pipes 32 and 43 via the refrigerant pipe 65 .
  • the shell 62 of the internal heat exchanger 60 is separated from the refrigerant pipes 32, 43, 44. Refrigerant is prevented from flowing out of the shell 62 into the refrigerant pipes 32 , 43 , 44 .
  • the refrigerant that has flowed into the shell 62 is confined in the shell 62 during cooling operation.
  • a surplus of refrigerant is accumulated in the shell 62 compared to the state of the cooling operation compared to the state of the heating operation.
  • excess refrigerant is accumulated in the internal heat exchanger 60 .
  • the low-temperature refrigerant evaporated by the outdoor heat exchanger 30 flows into the tubes 61 of the internal heat exchanger 60 .
  • the coolant inside the shell 62 is cooled.
  • the refrigerant inside the shell 62 is decompressed.
  • the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipes 32 and 43 has a higher pressure than the refrigerant in the shell 62
  • more coolant is stored in shell 62 . Since a larger amount of refrigerant that becomes surplus during the heating operation is stored in the shell 62, the deterioration of the heating performance of the air conditioner 1 is further suppressed.
  • the control device 80 When ending the cooling operation or heating operation, the user of the air conditioner 1 presses the start button (not shown) again. As a result, the control device 80 forcibly terminates the above process. As a result, the operation of the air conditioner 1 stops.
  • the expansion valve 42 described in the above embodiment is an example of the first expansion valve referred to in the present disclosure.
  • the expansion valve 41 is an example of a second expansion valve referred to in the present disclosure.
  • the three-way valves 21, 22, and 70 are also called switching devices because they switch the flow of the refrigerant.
  • the three-way valves 21 and 22 are an example of the first switching device referred to in the present disclosure.
  • the three-way valve 70 is an example of the second switching device referred to in the present disclosure.
  • the refrigerant pipes 63, the tubes 61, and the refrigerant pipes 64 are examples of the first flow paths that the internal heat exchanger 60 has in the present disclosure.
  • Refrigerant tube 65, shell 62 and refrigerant tube 66 are examples of a second flow path that internal heat exchanger 60 has in the present disclosure.
  • the refrigerant pipe 45 is an example of a branch pipe referred to in the present disclosure.
  • the check valve 46 is an example of a first check valve referred to in the present disclosure.
  • the check valve 69 is an example of a second check valve referred to in the present disclosure.
  • the check valve 68 is an example of a third check valve referred to in the present disclosure.
  • the control device 80 switches the three-way valve 70 during the cooling operation so that the refrigerant pipe 66 connected to the shell 62 of the internal heat exchanger 60 and the It communicates with the refrigerant pipe 44 connected to the expansion valve 42 .
  • the refrigerant that has been heat-exchanged and cooled in the shell 62 flows to the expansion valve 42 . Therefore, the temperature of the refrigerant flowing to the indoor heat exchanger 50 via the expansion valve 42 is lowered. Thereby, the cooling efficiency with which the indoor heat exchanger 50 cools the indoor air is increased. As a result, the air conditioner 1 has high cooling performance.
  • the control device 80 switches the three-way valve 70 to disconnect the refrigerant pipe 66 and the refrigerant pipe 44 and stop the flow of refrigerant from the shell 62 to the expansion valve 42 . Therefore, the refrigerant that has entered the shell 62 during the cooling operation stays in the shell 62 during the heating operation. As a result, excess refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 2 is suppressed during the heating operation. In other words, when the refrigerant that is in the gaseous state or supercritical state during the cooling operation changes state to the liquid state during the heating operation, the refrigerant with the difference in density can be stored in the shell 62 . Thereby, pressure increase and temperature increase due to excess refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger 50 can be suppressed. As a result, the air conditioner 1 has high heating performance.
  • the cooling performance of the air conditioner 1 is enhanced during cooling operation, and the heating performance of the air conditioner 1 is enhanced during heating operation.
  • the air conditioner 1 has a simple structure that enhances the cooling performance and the heating performance. As a result, it is easy to manufacture.
  • the air conditioner 1 should start the heating operation for a short time after the cooling operation ends. This allows more refrigerant to be stored in the internal heat exchanger 60 . As a result, it is possible to suppress the phenomenon that the refrigerant is liquefied and stays in the compressor 10 while the air conditioner 1 is stopped.
  • the air conditioner 1 and the method for controlling the air conditioner 1 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure have been described above, the air conditioner 1 and the method for controlling the air conditioner 1 are not limited to this.
  • the refrigerant is CO2 , but the refrigerant is not so limited.
  • the refrigerant may be one commonly used in air conditioners. In this case, in the air conditioner 1, since the internal heat exchanger 60 accumulates surplus refrigerant during the heating operation, any refrigerant that generates surplus refrigerant due to the volume difference between the cooling operation and the heating operation may be used.
  • the coolant may be a substance whose volume changes between high temperature and low temperature.
  • the three-way valves 21 and 22 switch the direction of flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 2, but the air conditioner 1 is not limited to this.
  • the three-way valves 21 and 22 may be switching devices that switch the direction in which the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 10 flows.
  • the three-way valves 21, 22 may be four-way valves.
  • the internal heat exchanger 60 has a multi-tube cylindrical structure.
  • the internal heat exchanger 60 may be any heat exchanger having a structure for exchanging heat between the refrigerant flowing through the first flow path and the refrigerant flowing through the second flow path.
  • the internal heat exchanger 60 may be a heat exchanger having a double-tube structure in which another tube is placed inside the tube.
  • the internal heat exchanger 60 may have a spiral structure formed of spirally bent plates.
  • the internal heat exchanger 60 may be a heat exchanger having a plate-type structure formed by stacking plates.
  • the air conditioner 1 is an air conditioner that conditions the indoor air of a railway vehicle, but the air conditioner 1 is not limited to this.
  • the present disclosure is applicable to air conditioners in general.
  • the air conditioner 1 is applicable, for example, to an air conditioner for conditioning the interior of a building.
  • control program is stored in the ROM 83, but the control program can be stored on a flexible disk, CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory), DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), MO (Magneto-Optical Disc). ) or other computer-readable recording medium and distributed.
  • control device 80 that executes the control process may be configured by installing the control program stored in the recording medium in the computer.
  • control program may be stored in a disk device possessed by a server device on the Internet communication network, and the control program may be superimposed on carrier waves and downloaded, for example.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
PCT/JP2022/002772 2022-01-26 2022-01-26 空気調和機および空気調和機の制御方法 Ceased WO2023144902A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22923771.4A EP4471354A4 (en) 2022-01-26 2022-01-26 AIR CONDITIONING AND AIR CONDITIONING CONTROL METHODS
JP2023576302A JP7584683B2 (ja) 2022-01-26 2022-01-26 空気調和機および空気調和機の制御方法
PCT/JP2022/002772 WO2023144902A1 (ja) 2022-01-26 2022-01-26 空気調和機および空気調和機の制御方法

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4563915A1 (en) * 2023-11-22 2025-06-04 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Air conditioner

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5912271A (ja) * 1982-07-14 1984-01-21 株式会社日立製作所 空気調和機
JPH04257661A (ja) * 1991-02-12 1992-09-11 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 二段圧縮冷凍サイクル装置
JPH10238895A (ja) * 1997-02-26 1998-09-08 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 空気調和装置
US20140123689A1 (en) * 2012-03-22 2014-05-08 Climate Master, Inc. Integrated heat pump and water heating circuit
WO2016047506A1 (ja) * 2014-09-26 2016-03-31 東芝キヤリア株式会社 気液分離器および冷凍サイクル装置

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5912271A (ja) * 1982-07-14 1984-01-21 株式会社日立製作所 空気調和機
JPH04257661A (ja) * 1991-02-12 1992-09-11 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 二段圧縮冷凍サイクル装置
JPH10238895A (ja) * 1997-02-26 1998-09-08 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 空気調和装置
US20140123689A1 (en) * 2012-03-22 2014-05-08 Climate Master, Inc. Integrated heat pump and water heating circuit
WO2016047506A1 (ja) * 2014-09-26 2016-03-31 東芝キヤリア株式会社 気液分離器および冷凍サイクル装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP4471354A4

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4563915A1 (en) * 2023-11-22 2025-06-04 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Air conditioner

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EP4471354A4 (en) 2025-02-26
JPWO2023144902A1 (https=) 2023-08-03
JP7584683B2 (ja) 2024-11-15

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