WO2023142878A1 - Système de guide d'ondes holographique à haute luminosité et à grand champ de vision basé sur un réseau volumique multicouche, et procédé de préparation - Google Patents

Système de guide d'ondes holographique à haute luminosité et à grand champ de vision basé sur un réseau volumique multicouche, et procédé de préparation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023142878A1
WO2023142878A1 PCT/CN2022/143662 CN2022143662W WO2023142878A1 WO 2023142878 A1 WO2023142878 A1 WO 2023142878A1 CN 2022143662 W CN2022143662 W CN 2022143662W WO 2023142878 A1 WO2023142878 A1 WO 2023142878A1
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grating
waveguide
composite structure
wavelength
layer
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PCT/CN2022/143662
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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王闯
张宇宁
翁一士
顾雨晨
魏然
常世鹏
李经纬
仲伟志
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东南大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G02B27/44—Grating systems; Zone plate systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of augmented reality technology (AR), in particular to a large-field-of-view high-brightness holographic waveguide system and a preparation method based on a multilayer volume grating.
  • AR augmented reality technology
  • holographic waveguide has the advantages of small size, light weight, and low cost, and is currently the mainstream solution of AR technology.
  • the holographic waveguide display system is mainly composed of a micro-image source chip, a collimating optical system, and a diffraction element.
  • the diffraction element is the most important part of the holographic waveguide assembly. Its main function is to couple light into and out of the waveguide medium. Its optical Performance can directly affect the imaging quality of holographic waveguide displays.
  • the field of view (FOV) and display brightness are key indicators to measure its performance, so improving FOV and display brightness is of great significance for the application of holographic waveguide display systems.
  • VHG Volume grating
  • the first is to optimize the material and increase the refractive index modulation of the material as much as possible, thereby increasing the diffraction response bandwidth of the grating and achieving the purpose of expanding the FOV.
  • the optimization of the grating material is currently limited, and the improvement of the refractive index modulation degree still cannot meet the user's display demand for large FOV.
  • the other is the composite grating scheme, that is, exposing twice on the same grating can expand the diffraction response bandwidth of the grating to twice, but due to the refractive index modulation of the multiplexed material, the diffraction efficiency of the prepared grating is very low , the imaging brightness is difficult to meet the display requirements.
  • the present invention provides a large-field-of-view high-brightness holographic waveguide system and a preparation method based on multilayer volume gratings, which have the characteristics of scalability, large field of view, and high brightness.
  • a volume grating-based large-field-of-view high-brightness holographic waveguide system of the present invention includes a micro-image source, a collimation system, and a waveguide unit.
  • the waveguide unit includes a multilayer waveguide medium and a grating composite structure; the grating composite
  • the grating in the structure includes an in-coupling grating and an out-coupling grating, which are respectively located on the same side of the multilayer waveguide medium and there is a certain distance;
  • the collimation system and the micro image source are arranged on the same side of the waveguide unit;
  • the multilayer waveguide medium The two layers of waveguide media are supported by spacers; the optical signal emitted by the micro-image source is collimated by the collimation system and then enters the in-coupling grating of the waveguide unit. Diffraction-total reflection-diffraction occurs in the waveguide unit.
  • the outcoupling grating is transmitted to the human eye.
  • the said micro image source includes MicroOLED, MicroLED, DLP, LCOS or LBS display device.
  • Each layer in the grating composite structure responds to different central wavelengths respectively, that is, diffracts light rays of incident angle ranges under different viewing angles; the central wavelength is the maximum value of diffraction efficiency of light rays incident perpendicular to the grating plane Corresponding to the wavelength, the central wavelength of the composite structure response is obtained by the following Bragg formula:
  • ⁇ is the Bragg wavelength in vacuum
  • ⁇ is the grating period
  • n is the average refractive index of the material
  • the multi-layer waveguide medium in the grating composite structure is glass or plastic resin material, wherein the diffraction efficiency of the single-layer waveguide medium and the grating composite structure is not lower than 70%, and the diffraction response wavelength bandwidth is not lower than 15nm.
  • the spacer is located around the waveguide medium, the thickness of the spacer is between 1 micron and 50 microns, and the material is polyester film, carbon dioxide Silicon microspheres, or Mylar sheets.
  • the preparation method of the waveguide unit of the volume grating-based large-field-of-view high-brightness holographic waveguide system of the present invention is as follows: the grating material is coated on the surface of the waveguide medium by spin coating, spray coating, coating or pouring, and then pretreated, exposed The composite structure of the single-layer waveguide medium and the grating is prepared by the post-processing process; the prepared single-layer waveguide medium and the grating composite structure are stacked and packaged, and spacers are laid around the waveguide medium, and there is a certain gap between the corresponding grating regions of the layers.
  • the air layer; the response center wavelength of the grating in each layer of composite structure is different, and the total diffraction response bandwidth of the formed waveguide unit is the result of the superposition of the diffraction response bandwidth of each layer of composite structure; , that is, changing the angle between the reference light and the object light for exposure to change the central wavelength of the grating response.
  • the grating material includes dichromate material, acrylate photopolymer material, silver salt material, holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal material or polarizer grating material, and the grating can respond to polarized or non-polarized light.
  • the preprocessing is:
  • the material Before exposure, the material needs to be thawed and returned to room temperature.
  • the exposure is a step-by-step coherent exposure with variable angles
  • the exposure recording wavelength is the visible light band or the ultraviolet band
  • the angle between the reference light and the object light and the center wavelength of the grating response satisfy the following relationship:
  • n is the average refractive index of the grating material
  • ⁇ res is the exposure recording wavelength
  • ⁇ g is the response center wavelength of the grating
  • ⁇ is the angle between the reference light and the object light.
  • the central wavelength of the grating response is calculated according to the incident angle range corresponding to the overlap of the diffraction efficiency response curve of the grating at the incident angle and incident wavelength and the spectral curve of the image source and the required FOV size.
  • the post-treatment process includes one or more of heating, dark reaction, ultraviolet curing or refrigeration.
  • the present invention provides a large-field-of-view high-brightness holographic waveguide system and a preparation method based on a multilayer volume grating.
  • a multi-layer independent volume grating structure By designing a multi-layer independent volume grating structure, it makes up for the problem of enlarging the diffraction response bandwidth through a composite grating in the prior art. The problem of lowering the diffraction efficiency is caused.
  • the bandwidth of the diffraction response is expanded by increasing the number of layers of the volume grating to further expand the FOV.
  • the present invention has the characteristics of scalability, large field of view, and high brightness.
  • Figure 1 is a holographic waveguide display system based on a multilayer volume grating.
  • Fig. 2(a) is a graph of the diffraction efficiency of a single-layer composite structure
  • Fig. 2(b) is a graph of the diffraction efficiency of a holographic waveguide based on a multilayer volume grating.
  • Fig. 3 is a preparation method of a large-field-of-view high-brightness holographic waveguide based on a multilayer volume grating.
  • Figure 4(a) shows the FOV model of a single-layer volume grating waveguide
  • Figure 4(b) shows the FOV model of a three-layer volume grating waveguide.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of exposure with multiple variable angles according to the present invention.
  • micro image source 1 collimation system 2, multi-layer waveguide medium 3, spacer 4, first in-coupling grating 501, second in-coupling grating 502, third in-coupling grating 503, first out-coupling grating 601, the second outcoupling grating 602, the third outcoupling grating 603, the human eye 7.
  • Fig. 1 is a holographic waveguide display system based on a multilayer volume grating, in which there are a micro image source 1, a collimation system 2, a multilayer waveguide medium 3, a spacer 4, a first in-coupling grating 501, and a second in-coupling grating 502 , the third in-coupling grating 503 , the first out-coupling grating 601 , the second out-coupling grating 602 , and the third out-coupling grating 603 .
  • the light emitted by the micro-image source After being collimated by the collimation system, the light emitted by the micro-image source enters the waveguide unit, and the light enters the human eye after diffraction-total reflection-diffraction in the waveguide unit.
  • the collimation system and the micro-image source are placed on the same side of the waveguide unit side.
  • the waveguide unit is composed of a multi-layer waveguide medium and a grating composite structure, such as the multilayer waveguide medium 3 in FIG. 1 , the first in-coupling grating 501 and the first out-coupling grating 601, which together constitute a composite structure.
  • the grating can be a reflective volume grating or a transmissive volume grating.
  • the response center wavelength corresponding to each layer of composite structure is as follows Bragg formula, the response center wavelength of the grating can be changed by changing the grating period:
  • ⁇ is the Bragg wavelength in vacuum
  • ⁇ is the grating period
  • n is the average refractive index of the material
  • the multi-layer composite structure in the waveguide unit responds to different central wavelengths, as shown in Figure 2(a) is the wavelength response diffraction efficiency curve of the one-layer bulk grating composite structure, and Figure 2(b) is the three-layer The wavelength response diffraction efficiency curve of the volume grating.
  • Figure 2(a) is the wavelength response diffraction efficiency curve of the one-layer bulk grating composite structure
  • Figure 2(b) is the three-layer The wavelength response diffraction efficiency curve of the volume grating.
  • the wider the half-wave bandwidth of the diffraction efficiency curve in Figure 5 the larger the FOV that can be imaged, and the higher the brightness of the image.
  • the multilayer composite structure can effectively improve the diffraction response. bandwidth without reducing the overall diffraction efficiency.
  • the angle range of light from the waveguide to the grating is -8° to 10°.
  • the response center wavelengths of the three-layer gratings are different, the corresponding response center angle (that is, the light wavelength The range of incident angles in which light can be diffracted by the grating) is also different, the first layer of volume grating can diffract from -8° to -2°, and the light at the remaining angles is transmitted through the first layer of volume grating composite structure to the second Layered volume grating structure, the second layer of volume grating composite structure can diffract image source light in the range of -2° to 4° incident angle, and the remaining light continues to pass through the second layer of volume grating composite structure to the third layer of volume grating composite structure, The third volume grating composite structure can diffract light rays in the remaining incident angle range of 4° to 10°.
  • the light rays of the image source in each angle range are propagated in the waveguide medium after complex diffraction by different volume gratings.
  • the waveguide is coupled out through the outcoupling grating, and the light rays of different angles converge into a complete picture with a large field of view after entering the human eye.
  • the structure can only diffract the image source light with an incident angle range of -3° to 3°, while a three-layer composite structure can diffract images with an incident angle range of -8° to 10°
  • the source light effectively improves the diffraction response bandwidth of the waveguide system. Since the preparation of each layer of the composite structure is relatively independent, the diffraction efficiency of the light can be maximized. Compared with the previous solution, this embodiment provides a larger field of view without reducing the diffraction efficiency of the grating, and improves the brightness of imaging.
  • the spacer is mainly to avoid crosstalk of light, and the spacer can be polyester film, silica microsphere, Mylar sheet or other uniform flakes or particles with a thickness ranging from 1 micron to 50 microns.
  • the embodiment of the present invention will provide a method for fabricating a holographic waveguide system based on a multilayer volume grating with reference to FIG. 3 , specifically:
  • S10 is uniformly coating the grating material on the surface of the waveguide medium by means of spin coating, spraying, coating or pouring to form a composite structure of the unexposed waveguide medium and the grating.
  • the grating material can be a material system capable of forming a volume grating, such as dichromate, acrylate-based photopolymer, silver salt, holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal, and polarizer grating.
  • the prepared grating can be used for polarized light or Unpolarized light response.
  • S20, S30, and S40 are pretreatment processes for the composite structure, which can be one or more of the following steps, depending on the material properties:
  • S10, S20, S30, and S40 all need to be carried out in a dark room environment to prevent the grating material from being invalidated due to early exposure.
  • this model can analyze the relationship between the image source spectral curve and the grating diffraction efficiency response curve according to the incident angle and wavelength change
  • Figure 4(a) The waveguide display FOV model is a single-layer volume grating composite structure.
  • the response center wavelength of the grating is 532nm.
  • the FOV is calculated by calculating the incident angle range corresponding to the overlapping part of the grating diffraction response efficiency curve and the image source spectral curve.
  • the corresponding incident angle range is -5° to 5°
  • Figure 4(b) shows the FOV model of a waveguide with a three-layer volume grating composite structure. 532nm and 542nm.
  • the waveguide display FOV can be calculated by calculating the range of incident angles corresponding to the overlapped portion of the spectrum, and the corresponding central wavelength of the grating diffraction response can be calculated.
  • the central wavelength parameters of the grating of each composite structure are obtained, exposure is carried out by a coherent exposure method with variable angles in stages. Specifically, the grating corresponding to the central wavelength is exposed by changing the included angle between the reference light and the object light in the exposure light path each time.
  • the exposure light path is shown in Figure 5.
  • the light intensity ratio of the reference light and the object light is 1:1.
  • the angle between the reference light and the object light and the central wavelength of the grating response satisfy the following relationship:
  • n is the average refractive index of the grating material
  • ⁇ res is the exposure recording wavelength
  • ⁇ g is the response center wavelength of the grating
  • ⁇ is the angle between the reference light and the object light.
  • the specific included angles between the reference light and the object light and the compound structure can be calculated by the principle of light reproduction.
  • S60 is to perform post-processing on the composite structure, including one or more of heating, dark reaction, ultraviolet curing and refrigeration.
  • S70 encapsulates the prepared multi-layer composite structure, and spacers are used to space each layer of the structure to ensure that there is a certain air layer between the corresponding grating areas of the layers to prevent crosstalk during the grating propagation process.
  • the diffraction efficiency of the single-layer waveguide medium and grating composite structure obtained by the preparation method of the embodiment of the present invention is not lower than 70%, and the wavelength bandwidth of the diffraction response is not lower than 15nm.
  • the composite structure of each layer can change the center wavelength of the grating response through the coherent exposure with different angles, that is, by changing the angle between the reference light and the object light for exposure.
  • the central wavelength of the grating response can be calculated according to the incident angle range corresponding to the overlap of the response curve of the grating diffraction efficiency at the incident angle and incident wavelength with the spectral curve of the image source and the required FOV size.
  • the post-treatment process includes one or more of heating, dark reaction, ultraviolet curing and refrigeration.
  • the diffraction efficiency of the single-layer waveguide medium and the grating composite structure is not lower than 70%, and the wavelength bandwidth of the diffraction response is not lower than 15nm.
  • the recording wavelength of the exposure process of the multilayer volume grating-based holographic waveguide preparation method provided by the embodiment of the invention can be in the visible light band or the ultraviolet band, depending on the center wavelength of the grating.
  • the embodiment of the present invention has described a waveguide display system and preparation method based on a three-layer volume grating, a waveguide display system structure and a preparation method of a two-layer or more-layer volume grating, etc., based on the above technical solutions. Equivalent replacement or replacement all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de guide d'ondes holographique à haute luminosité et à grand champ de vision basé sur un réseau volumique multicouche, et un procédé de préparation. Le système comprend une source de micro-image (1), un système de collimation (2) et une unité de guide d'ondes ; l'unité de guide d'ondes comprend de multiples couches de milieu de guide d'ondes (3) et des structures composites de réseau ; des réseaux dans les structures composites comprennent des réseaux de couplage d'entrée et des réseaux de couplage de sortie qui sont situés sur les mêmes côtés des multiples couches de milieu de guide d'ondes et ont une certaine distance ; le système de collimation et la source de micro-image sont disposés sur un même côté de l'unité de guide d'ondes ; deux couches de milieu de guide d'ondes dans les multiples couches de milieu de guide d'ondes sont supportées par des espaceurs (4) entre elles ; des angles incidents sous différents champs de vision sont diffractés au moyen de la cascade des structures composites composées de milieux de guide d'ondes et des réseaux, et toutes les structures composites sont indépendantes les unes des autres pour diffracter respectivement des angles incidents dans une certaine plage, de telle sorte que la maximisation de l'efficacité de diffraction est obtenue ; les avantages tels qu'un champ de vision ultra-grand, une luminosité élevée et une extensibilité structurale sont obtenus.
PCT/CN2022/143662 2022-01-27 2022-12-29 Système de guide d'ondes holographique à haute luminosité et à grand champ de vision basé sur un réseau volumique multicouche, et procédé de préparation WO2023142878A1 (fr)

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CN115047683B (zh) * 2022-08-15 2023-01-20 歌尔光学科技有限公司 一种液晶光栅的制备方法、光波导结构及其制备方法

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