WO2023141979A1 - 电池单体、电池、用电设备及电池单体的制造方法和设备 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池、用电设备及电池单体的制造方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023141979A1
WO2023141979A1 PCT/CN2022/074768 CN2022074768W WO2023141979A1 WO 2023141979 A1 WO2023141979 A1 WO 2023141979A1 CN 2022074768 W CN2022074768 W CN 2022074768W WO 2023141979 A1 WO2023141979 A1 WO 2023141979A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tab
electrode lead
sleeve
battery cell
adapter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/074768
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李英
刘超
迟庆魁
金海族
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202280027755.3A priority Critical patent/CN117203820A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/074768 priority patent/WO2023141979A1/zh
Publication of WO2023141979A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023141979A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, in particular, to a battery cell, a battery, an electrical device, and a method and device for manufacturing the battery cell.
  • batteries are widely used in mobile phones, computers, electric vehicles and other electrical equipment to provide electrical energy for electrical equipment.
  • the safety of batteries is extremely important to the performance of electrical equipment.
  • the present application aims to provide a battery cell, a battery, an electrical device, and a manufacturing method and device for the battery cell, so as to improve the safety of the battery cell.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, which includes: an electrode assembly, including a first tab and a second tab with opposite polarities, and the first tab and the second tab are respectively Located at both ends of the electrode assembly, the electrode assembly has a winding central hole; the shell assembly includes a first electrode lead-out portion and a second electrode lead-out portion for inputting or outputting electric energy, and the inside of the shell assembly is provided with The electrode assembly, the first electrode lead-out part and the second electrode lead-out part are both arranged on the side of the shell assembly close to the first tab, the first electrode lead-out part and the first electrode lead-out part
  • the tab is electrically connected; an adapter is passed through the winding center hole, one end of the adapter is connected to the second tab, and the other end of the adapter is connected to the second electrode lead-out part , so as to realize the electrical connection between the second tab and the second electrode lead-out part; the heat absorbing layer is located in the winding center hole and arranged on the outer peripheral surface
  • the present application by arranging an adapter inside the battery cell, it is possible to connect the confluence component on the same side of the battery cell, making the structure more compact and having a higher energy density.
  • the heat-absorbing layer is used to absorb the heat generated by the adapter, so as to alleviate the problem of a sharp rise in the temperature of the electrode assembly caused by the over-current of the adapter, so as to avoid the thermal runaway of the battery cell caused by the over-current of the adapter, and effectively improve the temperature of the battery cell. security.
  • the heat absorbing layer can also absorb the heat generated by the electrode assembly, so as to avoid the aggravation of thermal runaway and cause explosion, or prolong the battery cell from thermal runaway to ignition. Explosion time, thereby improving the safety of battery cells.
  • the heat-absorbing layer is a mixture of a jelly-like matrix and a heat-absorbing material.
  • the heat-absorbing layer is formed by mixing the heat-absorbing material with the gel matrix, so that the heat-absorbing layer can adhere to and cover the outer peripheral surface of the adapter, eliminating the gap between the heat-absorbing layer and the outer peripheral surface of the adapter.
  • the gap ensures sufficient heat transfer area and improves heat absorption effect.
  • the endothermic material includes an inorganic salt endothermic material.
  • the inorganic salt heat-absorbing materials can decompose and generate water and flame-retardant and heat-insulating compounds after absorbing heat, and the water can further absorb heat and reduce the temperature.
  • the flame-retardant and heat-insulating compound can reduce the influence of the temperature of the adapter on the electrode assembly, thereby further preventing deflagration and improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • the battery cell further includes: a sleeve, the sleeve is disposed in the winding center hole and sleeved on the adapter, and the heat absorption layer is disposed on Between the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve and the outer peripheral surface of the adapter piece, the sleeve and the adapter piece are bonded and fixed through the heat absorbing layer.
  • the sleeve, the adapter, and the heat-absorbing layer are combined into a whole, and the sleeve plays the role of protecting the heat-absorbing layer, preventing the heat-absorbing layer from being If it is scratched or damaged, ensure that the heat absorbing layer is evenly arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the adapter to improve the heat absorbing effect.
  • the heat absorbing layer insulates and isolates the sleeve and the adapter.
  • the adapter and the sleeve are insulated from each other, further preventing short circuits and improving the safety of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell further includes a first current collector, the first current collector covers the first tab, the first electrode lead-out portion and the first The tabs are electrically connected through the first current collector.
  • the first current collector is less likely to be deformed than the first tab, which facilitates the connection of the first electrode lead-out part through the first current collector after the electrode assembly is put into the case, and the connection is more stable.
  • the first collector includes a plurality of collector arms, the plurality of collector arms are arranged around the circumference of the sleeve, and one end of each collector arm is connected to On the sleeve, the other end extends along the radial direction of the sleeve.
  • each current collecting arm extends from the center of the electrode assembly to the edge to prevent polarization problems; on the other hand, the electrolyte can enter the electrode assembly from between adjacent current collecting arms. Between the electrode sheet layers, the wetting efficiency and wetting effect of the electrolyte are effectively improved, thereby improving the performance of the battery.
  • the plurality of collector arms are integrally formed with the sleeve.
  • part of the heat generated by the plurality of collector arms during the transmission of electric energy is dissipated outward through the shell assembly, and the other part is transmitted to the heat-absorbing layer through the sleeve to be absorbed.
  • the two heat dissipation methods cooperate to accelerate heat dissipation speed, alleviate the sharp rise in temperature, and alleviate the problem of thermal runaway caused by overcurrent in the collector arm.
  • creases are formed between each collector arm and the sleeve.
  • each collecting arm and the sleeve are integrated and creases are provided to facilitate assembly and improve production efficiency.
  • the battery cell further includes: a first insulating member, located between the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve and the inner wall of the winding center hole, to insulate and isolate the electrode assembly from the the sleeve.
  • the overlap between the sleeve and the second pole piece is prevented, short circuit is prevented, and safety is improved.
  • the housing assembly includes a housing and an end cover
  • the housing includes a bottom wall and a side wall
  • the side wall surrounds the bottom wall
  • the bottom wall is connected to the One end of the side wall
  • the other end of the side wall forms an opening
  • the end cover covers the opening
  • the first electrode lead-out part is the end cover
  • the second electrode lead-out part is insulated and installed on the end cap.
  • the area of the end cover is larger, which facilitates the connection of the first tab and the connection of the external current-combining component, and facilitates assembly.
  • the end cap includes a body portion and an edge portion, the edge portion surrounds the body portion, the second electrode lead-out portion is insulated and installed on the body portion; the side wall
  • the inner peripheral surface is formed with a first limiting portion and a second limiting portion opposite along the height direction of the battery cell, and the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion cooperate to clamp the edge part, the first limiting part is closer to the electrode assembly relative to the second limiting part, and the first limiting part abuts against the first tab to realize the end cap and the second One pole electrical connection.
  • the first limiting part and the second limiting part can be fixedly connected to the side wall and the end cover without welding or other means, so the connection is convenient and the assembly efficiency is high.
  • the end cover is electrically connected to the first tab through the abutment of the first limiting part, and the first limiting part can further compact the first tab, so as to alleviate the excessive deformation caused by the uneven surface of the first tab. There is no need for welding, and the assembly efficiency is high.
  • the side wall is formed with a recess recessed from the outer peripheral surface of the side wall, and a protrusion protruding from the side wall is formed at a position corresponding to the recess.
  • the first limiting part of the inner peripheral wall of the wall, the recess and the first limiting part are all ring structures.
  • the annular first limiting portion can be in contact with the first tab in the entire circumferential direction of the electrode assembly, and the flow-through capacity is relatively high.
  • the second limiting portion is a flanging structure in which the side wall is turned inward at the opening position.
  • the second limiting part is a part of the side wall, so that the second limiting part can stably limit the end cover on the side of the end cover away from the electrode assembly; the second limiting part is a side wall.
  • a part of the wall reduces the connection relationship of the side wall, thereby improving the structural strength of the side wall.
  • the battery cell further includes: a second insulator located between the casing and the electrode assembly to insulate the casing from the second tab.
  • the battery cell further includes: a third insulating member, located between the first tab and the second electrode lead-out part, to insulate and isolate the first tab and the second electrode lead-out part.
  • the second electrode lead-out part located between the first tab and the second electrode lead-out part, to insulate and isolate the first tab and the second electrode lead-out part.
  • the second electrode lead-out part is provided with a liquid injection hole, and a flow channel for allowing the electrolyte to flow is formed in the adapter, and one end of the flow channel is connected to the liquid injection hole.
  • the holes are opposite.
  • the adapter has both the conductive function and the liquid injection function, so that the battery cell can be opened and formed, the internal pressure of the battery can be reduced, and the safety of the battery can be improved.
  • the battery cell further includes: a second current collector, the second current collector covers the second tab, the second electrode lead-out part and the first The dipole tabs are electrically connected through the second current collector.
  • the second current collecting piece is less likely to be deformed than the second tab, and the second current collecting piece can cover a larger area of the second tab, thereby improving the current flow capacity and preventing polarization problems.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, wherein the battery includes the foregoing battery cells.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electric device, wherein the electric device includes the aforementioned battery.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for manufacturing a battery cell, which includes: providing an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly includes a first tab and a second tab with opposite polarities, and the first pole The ear and the second pole lug are respectively located at both ends of the electrode assembly, the electrode assembly has a winding central hole; a housing assembly is provided, and the housing assembly includes a first electrode lead-out part for inputting or outputting electric energy and a The second electrode lead-out part, the first electrode lead-out part and the second electrode lead-out part are both arranged on the same side of the shell assembly; an adapter is provided; a heat absorbing layer is provided; the heat absorbing layer is arranged on The outer peripheral surface of the adapter; the adapter provided with the heat absorbing layer is passed through the winding center hole, and the electrode assembly, the heat absorbing layer and the adapter Put it into the inside of the shell component, make the first tab close to the side of the shell component where the first electrode lead-out part and the second electrode lead-out
  • the manufacturing method further includes: providing a sleeve; the arranging the heat absorbing layer on the outer peripheral surface of the adapter includes: sleeve the sleeve on the An adapter, the heat absorbing layer is disposed between the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve and the outer peripheral surface of the adapter, and the sleeve and the adapter are fixed by bonding the heat absorbing layer pieces.
  • the sleeve is integrally connected with a first current collecting piece, and the first current collecting piece includes a plurality of current collecting arms, and the multiple current collecting arms surround the circumference of the sleeve Arranged in the direction, one end of each collector arm is connected to the sleeve, and a crease is formed between each collector arm and the sleeve;
  • the manufacturing method further includes: the Passing the heat absorbing layer and the adapter piece through the winding center hole further includes: turning each of the current collecting arms outward along the crease, so that the other of each of the current collecting arms One end extends along the radial direction of the sleeve and abuts against the first tab;
  • the electrical connection of the first electrode lead-out portion with the first tab includes: the first electrode lead-out portion abuts against connected to the plurality of current collecting arms, so as to realize the electrical connection between the first electrode lead-out part and the second tab.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell manufacturing equipment, which includes: a first providing device for providing an electrode assembly, and the electrode assembly includes a first tab and a second pole with opposite polarities ears, the first tab and the second tab are respectively located at both ends of the electrode assembly, and the electrode assembly has a winding center hole;
  • the second providing device is used to provide a casing assembly, and the casing assembly It includes a first electrode lead-out part and a second electrode lead-out part for inputting or outputting electric energy, and the first electrode lead-out part and the second electrode lead-out part are both arranged on the same side of the shell assembly;
  • the third providing means for providing the adapter;
  • the fourth providing device for providing the heat absorbing layer;
  • the first assembling device for disposing the heat absorbing layer on the outer peripheral surface of the adapter;
  • the second assembling device for After the adapter piece provided with the heat absorbing layer is passed through the winding center hole, the electrode assembly, the heat absorbing layer and the adapter piece are put into
  • the manufacturing equipment further includes: a fifth providing device for providing the sleeve; the first assembling device includes a first subcomponent and a second subcomponent, and the first subcomponent It is used to sleeve the sleeve on the adapter, and the second subcomponent is used to arrange the heat absorbing layer between the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve and the outer peripheral surface of the adapter space, so as to fix the sleeve and the adapter through the heat absorbing layer.
  • a fifth providing device for providing the sleeve the first assembling device includes a first subcomponent and a second subcomponent, and the first subcomponent It is used to sleeve the sleeve on the adapter, and the second subcomponent is used to arrange the heat absorbing layer between the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve and the outer peripheral surface of the adapter space, so as to fix the sleeve and the adapter through the heat absorbing layer.
  • the sleeve is integrally connected with a first current collecting piece, and the first current collecting piece includes a plurality of current collecting arms, and the multiple current collecting arms surround the circumference of the sleeve Arranged in the direction, one end of each collector arm is connected to the sleeve, and a crease is formed between each collector arm and the sleeve;
  • the second assembly device includes a third subcomponent and The fourth sub-component, the third sub-component is used to fold each of the current collecting arms outward along the crease, so that the other end of each of the current collecting arms is along the radial direction of the sleeve. extend in the direction and abut against the first tab; the fourth subcomponent is used to make the first electrode lead-out part abut against the plurality of current collector arms, so as to realize the first electrode lead-out part and the The second tab is electrically connected.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is an exploded view of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 3 is a front view of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of part B in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the adapter, the sleeve and the heat absorbing layer provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a sleeve provided by an embodiment of the present application and a plurality of collector arms after being assembled in an electrode assembly;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a sleeve provided by an embodiment of the present application and a plurality of collector arms before being assembled into an electrode assembly;
  • Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of part C in Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the collector arm provided by an embodiment of the present application before being folded along the crease;
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the collector arm provided by an embodiment of the present application after being folded along the crease;
  • Fig. 12 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 13 is an enlarged view of part D of Fig. 4;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic structural view after the heat absorbing layer is disposed between the sleeve and the adapter;
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic structural view of placing the electrode assembly, heat absorbing layer, sleeve and adapter inside the shell assembly;
  • Fig. 18 is a structural schematic diagram after folding a plurality of collector arms along the creases
  • Fig. 19 is a schematic block diagram of a manufacturing device for a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Icons 1000-vehicle; 100-battery; 200-motor; 300-controller; 101-box; 1011-first box; 1012-second box; 102-battery unit; 1-electrode assembly ; 11-first tab; 12-second tab; 13-winding center hole; 2-shell assembly; 21-first electrode lead-out part; 211-body part; 212-edge part; Lead-out part; 221-liquid injection hole; 222-seal; 23-housing; 231-bottom wall; 232-side wall; 2321-first limiting part; 2322-second limiting part; ; 31-flow channel; 32-second collector; 4-absorbing layer; 5-sleeve; 51-collector arm; 52-crease; 53-broken seam; 2000-manufacturing equipment; 2100-first providing device; 2200-second providing device; 2300 - third providing means; 2400 - fourth providing means; 2500 - fifth providing means; 2600 - first assembly means; 2610 - first subassembly; 26
  • connection In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection” and “attachment” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be internal communication between two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific situations.
  • the same reference numerals represent the same components, and for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of the same components are omitted in different embodiments. It should be understood that the thickness, length, width and other dimensions of the various components in the embodiments of the application shown in the drawings, as well as the overall thickness, length and width of the integrated device, are for illustrative purposes only, and should not constitute any limitation to the application .
  • “Plurality” in this application refers to two or more (including two).
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary battery cells, lithium-ion primary battery cells, lithium-sulfur battery cells, sodium-lithium-ion battery cells, sodium-ion battery cells, or magnesium-ion battery cells, etc.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • Batteries generally include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells.
  • the box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly includes a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative pole pieces.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector; the positive electrode current collector includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode lug protruding from the positive electrode current collector. part is coated with a positive electrode active material layer, and at least part of the positive electrode tab is not coated with a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, the positive electrode active material layer includes the positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector; the negative electrode current collector includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode tab protruding from the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode current collector part is coated with a negative electrode active material layer, and at least part of the negative electrode tab is not coated with a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the material of negative electrode current collector can be copper, and negative electrode active material layer comprises negative electrode active material, and negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon etc.
  • the material of the spacer can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene).
  • the battery cell also includes a shell assembly, and the inside of the shell assembly forms a sealed accommodation space for accommodating electrode assemblies, electrolytes and other functional components, so as to realize electrochemical reactions inside the shell assembly.
  • An electrode lead-out part is provided on the shell assembly, and the electrode lead-out part includes a positive electrode lead-out part and a negative electrode lead-out part, the positive electrode lead-out part is connected to the positive pole ear, and the negative electrode lead-out part is connected to the negative pole ear, so as to output or input electric energy.
  • the battery further includes a bus member for connecting the electrode lead-out parts of the battery cells.
  • a plurality of battery cells are electrically connected through the busbar, so as to realize parallel connection, series connection or mixed connection of the plurality of battery cells.
  • the inventors set the positive electrode lead-out part and the negative electrode lead-out part of the battery cell to the same end of the battery cell, so as to facilitate the connection of the bus component to the positive electrode lead-out part and the negative electrode lead-out part.
  • the positive tab and the negative tab of the electrode assembly are generally arranged on opposite sides of the electrode assembly, so as to avoid short circuit caused by deformation of the positive tab and negative tab.
  • an adapter in the battery cell.
  • the adapter is passed through the winding center hole of the electrode assembly.
  • One end of the adapter is connected to the negative electrode tab, and the other end of the adapter is connected to the negative electrode lead-out part. , so as to realize the electrical connection between the negative electrode lug and the negative electrode lead-out part.
  • the battery cell is prone to thermal runaway during charging and discharging, which may cause the battery cell to explode.
  • the inventor further researched and found that when the current passing through the adapter is too large, the adapter will generate a lot of heat, and the adapter is located at the center of the electrode assembly, and it is not easy to dissipate heat outward, so that the center of the electrode assembly The temperature rises sharply, which leads to thermal runaway.
  • this application provides a solution, in which a heat absorbing layer is arranged inside the battery cell, the heat absorbing layer is arranged in the winding center hole of the electrode assembly, and the heat absorbing layer revolves On the outer peripheral surface of the adapter, when the adapter is over-current and heated up, the heat is absorbed by the heat-absorbing layer, so as not to cause the temperature of the electrode assembly to rise sharply, thereby alleviating the problem of thermal runaway of the battery cell caused by the over-current of the adapter, and effectively improving the battery life.
  • Monolithic security in which a heat absorbing layer is arranged inside the battery cell, the heat absorbing layer is arranged in the winding center hole of the electrode assembly, and the heat absorbing layer revolves On the outer peripheral surface of the adapter, when the adapter is over-current and heated up, the heat is absorbed by the heat-absorbing layer, so as not to cause the temperature of the electrode assembly to rise sharply, thereby alleviating the problem of thermal runaway of the battery cell caused by the over-current of the adapt
  • the heat absorbing layer can also absorb the heat generated by the electrode assembly to alleviate the thermal runaway of the electrode assembly and prolong the time from thermal runaway to explosion of the battery cell , or avoid thermal runaway aggravation leading to explosion, thereby improving the safety of battery cells.
  • Electrical devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles;
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.;
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and electric airplane toys, etc.;
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, electric planers, and more.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not impose special limitations on the above electric equipment.
  • the figure shows a vehicle 1000 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or a supercharged vehicle. program cars, etc.
  • a battery 100 , a controller 300 and a motor 200 may be provided inside the vehicle 1000 , and the controller 300 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 200 .
  • the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom or front or rear of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 , for a circuit system of the vehicle 1000 , for example, for starting, navigating, and working power requirements of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also can be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 may include a plurality of battery cells 102, wherein, the plurality of battery cells 102 are connected in series or in parallel or in combination, and the combination refers to a combination of series and parallel. mix.
  • the battery 100 may also be called a battery 100 pack.
  • a plurality of battery cells 102 may be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and then a plurality of battery modules may be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form the battery 100 . That is to say, a plurality of battery cells 102 can directly form the battery 100 , or can first form a battery module, and then the battery module can form the battery 100 .
  • the battery 100 may also include a box body 101 (or called a cover body), and a plurality of battery cells 102 are accommodated in the box body 101 .
  • the box body 101 may include two parts for accommodating (refer to FIG. 2 ), which are referred to here as the first box body part 1011 and the second box body part 1012 respectively, and the first box body part 1011 and the second box body part 1012 snap together.
  • the shapes of the first box part 1011 and the second box part 1012 may be determined according to the combined shape of the plurality of battery cells 102 , and each of the first box part 1011 and the second box part 1012 may have an opening.
  • both the first box body part 1011 and the second box body part 1012 can be hollow cuboids and each has only one face as an opening surface, the opening of the first box body part 1011 and the opening of the second box body part 1012 are arranged oppositely, and The first box body part 1011 and the second box body part 1012 are buckled together to form the box body 101 with a closed cavity.
  • the first box part 1011 and the second box part 1012 one may also be a cuboid with an opening, and the other may be a cover structure to close the opening of the cuboid.
  • a plurality of battery cells 102 are combined in parallel, in series or in parallel and placed in the box 101 formed by fastening the first box part 1011 and the second box part 1012 .
  • the battery 100 also includes a confluence component (not shown in FIG. 2 ), which is used to realize the electrical connection between a plurality of battery cells 102 , such as parallel connection, series connection or mixed connection.
  • the current-combining component can realize the electrical connection between the battery cells 102 by connecting the electrode lead-out parts of the battery cells 102 .
  • the current-combining component may be fixed to the electrode lead-out portion of the battery cell 102 by welding.
  • the electric energy of the plurality of battery cells 102 can be further drawn out through the casing 101 through the conductive mechanism.
  • the conduction means can also belong to the current-collecting part.
  • the battery cell 102 includes an electrode assembly 1 , a casing assembly 2 , an adapter 3 and a heat absorbing layer 4 .
  • the electrode assembly 1 includes a first tab 11 and a second tab 12 with opposite polarities.
  • the first tab 11 and the second tab 12 are respectively located at two ends of the electrode assembly 1 .
  • the electrode assembly 1 has a winding center hole 13 .
  • the shell assembly 2 includes a first electrode lead-out portion 21 and a second electrode lead-out portion 22 for inputting or outputting electrical energy.
  • the electrode assembly 1 is disposed inside the shell assembly 2.
  • the first electrode lead-out portion 21 is electrically connected to the first tab 11 .
  • the adapter 3 is passed through the winding center hole 13, one end of the adapter 3 is connected to the second tab 12, and the other end of the adapter 3 is connected to the second electrode lead-out part 22, so as to realize the connection between the second tab 12 and the second pole.
  • the heat absorbing layer 4 is located in the winding center hole 13 and disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the adapter 3 for absorbing the heat of the adapter 3 .
  • the electrode assembly 1 includes a first pole piece, a second pole piece and a spacer, and the spacer is used to separate the first pole piece from the second pole piece.
  • the polarity of the first pole piece and the second pole piece is opposite, in other words, one of the first pole piece and the second pole piece is a positive pole piece, and the other of the first pole piece and the second pole piece is a negative pole piece pole piece.
  • the first pole piece, the second pole piece, and the spacer are prior art. Although not shown in the drawings of this application specification, those skilled in the art should understand their specific structures.
  • the first tab 11 is the part of the first pole piece that is not coated with the active material layer
  • the second tab 12 is the part of the second pole piece that is not coated with the active material layer.
  • the first tab 11 and the second pole piece One of the tabs 12 is a positive tab
  • the other of the first tab 11 and the second tab 12 is a negative tab.
  • the electrode assembly 1 is a winding structure with a winding center hole 13
  • the first tab 11 and the second tab 12 are respectively located at the ends of the electrode assembly 1 along the winding center hole 13 . Both ends of the extension direction.
  • the inside of the case assembly 2 forms a space for accommodating the electrode assembly 1 .
  • the shape of the shell assembly 2 can be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 1 .
  • the shell assembly 2 may be a cylinder; if the electrode assembly 1 has a cuboid structure, the shell assembly 2 may be a cuboid.
  • both the electrode assembly 1 and the shell assembly 2 are cylinders.
  • the manner in which the first electrode lead-out portion 21 is electrically connected to the first tab 11 may be direct connection or indirect connection to achieve electrical conduction.
  • the direct connection between the lead-out part of the electrode and the first tab 11 includes: direct contact and conduction, bonding through conductive glue, or welding.
  • the indirect connection between the first electrode lead-out portion 21 and the first tab 11 refers to the connection through other conductive components.
  • the adapter piece 3 is a component for conduction and overcurrent.
  • the adapter 3 is made of metal material.
  • One end of the adapter 3 is connected to the second tab 12 , and the other end protrudes from the winding center hole 13 to connect to the second electrode lead-out portion 22 .
  • the connection mode between the adapter 3 and the second tab 12 can be contact conduction, bonding or welding through conductive glue, and the connection mode between the adapter 3 and the second electrode lead-out part 22 can be contact conduction, bonding through conductive glue or welding.
  • the heat-absorbing layer 4 is made of heat-absorbing and heat-insulating materials.
  • the heat-absorbing and heat-insulating material is shaped into a tubular heat-absorbing layer 4 first, and then the heat-absorbing layer 4 is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the adapter 3 .
  • a heat-absorbing and heat-insulating material is coated on the outer peripheral surface of the adapter 3 , so as to form the heat-absorbing layer 4 on the outer peripheral surface of the adapter 3 .
  • the confluence component can be connected on the same side of the battery cell 102 inside the battery cell 102, so that the structure is more compact and the energy density is higher.
  • Layer 4 is used to absorb the heat generated by the adapter 3, and alleviate the problem of a sharp rise in the temperature of the electrode assembly 1 caused by the overcurrent of the adapter 3, so as to prevent the thermal runaway of the battery cell 102 caused by the overcurrent of the adapter 3, effectively The safety of the battery cell 102 is improved.
  • the heat absorbing layer 4 can also absorb the heat generated by the electrode assembly 1, so as to avoid the aggravation of thermal runaway and cause explosion, or prolong the battery cell 102 from heat. The time from loss of control to explosion occurs, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell 102 .
  • the heat-absorbing layer 4 is a mixture of a jelly-like matrix and a heat-absorbing material.
  • the gel-like matrix is used to gather the heat-absorbing material so that a mixture with heat-absorbing properties can be formed, so that the gel-like matrix also has the functions of bonding and insulating, so that the heat-absorbing layer 4 can be adhered to the outer peripheral surface of the adapter 3 .
  • the gel-like matrix includes an epoxy resin and a rubber toughener.
  • the heat-absorbing material is the main component in the heat-absorbing layer 4 that plays a heat-absorbing role.
  • the endothermic material may be a phase change material, an inorganic salt endothermic material, and the like.
  • the heat-absorbing layer 4 is formed by mixing the heat-absorbing material with the gel matrix, so that the heat-absorbing layer 4 can adhere to and cover the outer peripheral surface of the adapter 3, and eliminate the gap between the heat-absorbing layer 4 and the outer peripheral surface of the adapter 3.
  • the gap ensures sufficient heat transfer area and improves heat absorption effect.
  • the heat absorbing material includes an inorganic salt heat absorbing material.
  • magnesium hydroxide there are many kinds of inorganic salt heat-absorbing materials, such as magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, etc.
  • magnesium hydroxide When magnesium hydroxide is heated, it absorbs heat and decomposes into magnesium oxide and water.
  • aluminum hydroxide When aluminum hydroxide is heated, it absorbs heat and decomposes into aluminum oxide and water.
  • magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide have the properties of insulation and fire resistance, and can play the role of insulation, flame retardancy and heat insulation.
  • the inorganic salt heat-absorbing materials can decompose and generate water and flame-retardant and heat-insulating compounds after absorbing heat.
  • the compound can reduce the influence of the temperature of the adapter 3 on the electrode assembly 1 , thereby further preventing deflagration and improving the safety of the battery cell 102 .
  • the battery cell 102 further includes a sleeve 5 , the sleeve 5 is disposed in the winding center hole 13 and sleeved on the adapter 3 ,
  • the heat absorbing layer 4 is arranged between the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve 5 and the outer peripheral surface of the adapter 3 , and the sleeve 5 and the adapter 3 are bonded and fixed by the heat absorbing layer 4 .
  • the sleeve 5, the adapter 3, and the heat-absorbing layer 4 are combined into a whole, and the sleeve 5 plays the role of protecting the heat-absorbing layer 4, preventing the heat-absorbing layer from being damaged during the process of passing through the winding center hole 13 4 is scratched and damaged, ensure that the heat absorbing layer 4 is evenly arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the adapter 3, and improve the heat absorbing effect.
  • the heat absorbing layer 4 insulates the isolation sleeve 5 and the adapter 3 .
  • the heat absorbing layer 4 is made of insulating material, or the outer surface of the heat absorbing layer 4 is made of insulating material, so that the heat absorbing layer 4 has insulating properties.
  • the heat absorbing layer 4 is formed by mixing an insulating colloidal matrix and an insulating heat absorbing material.
  • the heat-absorbing layer 4 to insulate the isolation sleeve 5 and the adapter 3, so as to prevent the components in the battery cell 102 with opposite polarities from the adapter 3 from overlapping the adapter 3 through the sleeve 5, prevent short circuit, and further improve Safety of the battery cell 102 .
  • the battery cell 102 further includes a first current collector, the first current collector covers the first tab 11 , and the first electrode lead-out part 21 and the first tab 11 are electrically connected through the first current collector.
  • the first current collector is a component for electrically connecting the first tab 11 and the first electrode lead-out portion 21 , so that electric energy can be transmitted between the electrode assembly 1 and the first electrode lead-out portion 21 .
  • the first current collector Before the electrode assembly 1 is put into the case, the first current collector is first connected to the first tab 11 (the connection referred to here refers to abutment, welding or bonding), and the first current collector is compared with the first tab. 11 is less likely to be deformed, and it is convenient for the electrode assembly 1 to be connected to the first electrode lead-out part 21 through the first current collector after being put into the case, and the connection is more stable.
  • the first collector includes a plurality of collector arms 51 arranged around the circumference of the sleeve 5 , and one end of each collector arm 51 It is connected to the sleeve 5, and the other end extends along the radial direction of the sleeve 5.
  • the sleeve 5 is installed in the winding center hole 13, the axial direction of the sleeve 5 is the same as the axial direction of the winding center hole 13, the radial direction of the sleeve 5 and the radial direction of the winding center hole 13 are perpendicular to the sleeve Axial direction of cylinder 5.
  • Each current collecting arm 51 is arranged along the radial direction of the sleeve 5, that is, a plurality of current collecting arms 51 are arranged at intervals around the circumference of the electrode assembly 1 on the end surface of the electrode assembly 1, and the extension direction of each current collecting arm 51 is the radial direction of the electrode assembly 1.
  • each current collecting arm 51 extends from the center of the electrode assembly 1 to the edge, so that each current collecting arm 51 can be connected to the inner ring layer and the outer ring layer of the first tab 11, preventing pole problem.
  • the “inner” mentioned in the embodiment of the present application refers to the center of the electrode assembly 1
  • the “outer” refers to the edge of the electrode assembly 1 .
  • the electrolyte can enter between the pole pieces of the electrode assembly 1 from between the adjacent collector arms 51 , effectively improving the wetting efficiency and wetting effect of the electrolyte, thereby improving the performance of the battery 100 .
  • multiple collector arms 51 are integrally formed with the sleeve 5 .
  • a plurality of collector arms 51 are connected to the sleeve 5 and can conduct heat transfer.
  • a part of the heat generated by the plurality of collector arms 51 during the transmission of electric energy is dissipated outward through the shell assembly 2, and the other part is transferred to the heat-absorbing layer 4 through the sleeve 5 to be absorbed.
  • 51 Overcurrent causes thermal runaway.
  • a crease 52 is formed between each collector arm 51 and the sleeve 5 .
  • a plurality of collecting arms 51 and the sleeve 5 are integrally formed, and a crease 52 is located between each collecting arm 51 and the sleeve 5 .
  • a plurality of collecting arms 51 extend along the axial direction of the sleeve 5, and the sleeve 5 is bonded and fixed to the adapter 3 through the heat absorbing layer 4 and passed through the winding center together.
  • the current collecting arm 51 is folded along the crease 52 and abuts against the first tab 11 , so as to realize the electrical connection between the first tab 11 and the first electrode lead-out portion 21 .
  • the crease 52 is formed by the collector arm 51 being turned outward under force.
  • the connecting portion of each collector arm 51 and the sleeve 5 has a weakened area, so that the collector arm 51 is easy to fold outwards to form creases 52 when stressed.
  • each broken seam 53 runs through the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 5
  • each broken seam 53 extend from the end surface of one extended end axially toward the other end
  • a plurality of fractured slits 53 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the sleeve 5
  • a collector arm 51 is formed between two adjacent fractured slits 53 .
  • the extending direction of the breaking slit 53 may not be parallel to the axial direction of the sleeve 5 , for example, the extending direction of the breaking slit 53 is slightly inclined relative to the axial direction.
  • each current collecting arm 51 and the sleeve 5 By integrating each current collecting arm 51 and the sleeve 5 into one body, and providing creases 52, it is convenient for the sleeve 5 to pass through the winding center hole 13, and it is also ensured that the current collecting arm 51 abuts against the first tab 11, thereby achieving Easy to assemble and improve production efficiency.
  • the battery cell 102 further includes a first insulating member 6 , and the first insulating member 6 is located between the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 5 and the inner wall of the winding center hole 13 space, to insulate and isolate the electrode assembly 1 and the sleeve 5.
  • the first insulating member is an insulating part with a cylindrical structure, and the first insulating member 6 is sheathed on the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 5 to prevent the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 5 from contacting the inner wall of the winding center hole 13 .
  • the sleeve 5 is connected to the collector arm, and the polarity of the sleeve 5 is the same as that of the first pole lug 11.
  • the housing assembly 2 includes a housing 23 and an end cover.
  • the bottom wall 231 is connected to one end of the side wall 232, the other end of the side wall 232 forms an opening, the end cover covers the opening, the first electrode lead-out part 21 is an end cover, and the second electrode lead-out part 22 is insulated and mounted on end cap.
  • the housing 23 is used to accommodate functional components such as the electrode assembly 1 and the electrolyte.
  • the housing 23 can be in various shapes and sizes, such as cuboid, cylinder, hexagonal prism and so on.
  • the casing 23 is a part of the cylinder.
  • the housing 23 includes a side wall 232 and a bottom wall 231 , the side wall 232 surrounds, the bottom wall 231 closes one end of the side wall 232 , and the other end of the side wall 232 forms an opening opposite to the bottom wall 231 .
  • the end cap refers to a component that covers the opening of the casing 23 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 102 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap can be adapted to the shape of the housing 23 to fit the housing 23 .
  • the end cap is another part of the cylinder.
  • the end cap can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy), so that the end cap is not easy to deform when being squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 102 can have higher structural strength , safety performance can also be improved.
  • the housing 23 and the end cover can be independent components, and an opening can be provided on the housing 23 , and the internal environment of the battery cell 102 can be formed by making the end cover cover the opening at the opening.
  • the end cover and the housing 23 can also be integrated. Specifically, the end cover and the housing 23 can form a common connection surface before other components are inserted into the housing. When the inside of the housing 23 needs to be encapsulated, Then make the end cover cover the housing 23 .
  • the second electrode drawing part 22 may be configured as an electrode terminal. As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 12 , a through hole is formed on the end cap, and the second electrode lead-out portion 22 is penetrated through the through hole, and a fourth insulating member 9 is provided between the second electrode lead-out portion 22 and the end cap. In order to realize the insulating installation of the second electrode lead-out part 22 on the end cover.
  • the area of the end cover is larger, which facilitates the connection of the first tab 11 and the connection of the external current-combining component, and facilitates assembly.
  • the end cap includes a body portion 211 and an edge portion 212, the edge portion 212 surrounds the body portion 211, and the second electrode lead-out portion 22 is insulated and mounted on the body portion 211;
  • the side wall 232 is formed with a first limiting portion 2321 and a second limiting portion 2322 facing each other along the height direction of the battery cell 102, and the first limiting portion 2321 and the second limiting portion 2322 cooperate to clamp the edge 212 , the first limiting portion 2321 is closer to the electrode assembly 1 relative to the second limiting portion 2322 , and the first limiting portion 2321 abuts against the first tab 11 to realize the electrical connection between the end cap and the first tab 11 .
  • the edge portion 212 is disposed on the outer periphery of the main body portion 211 , and the center of the main body portion 211 is provided with a through hole for installing the second electrode lead-out portion 22 .
  • the first limiting portion 2321 and the second limiting portion 2322 are both located on the side of the electrode assembly 1 where the first tab 11 is provided, and the first limiting portion 2321 is located on the first pole. between the ear 11 and the second limiting portion 2322 .
  • the first limiting portion 2321 includes a first side and a second side opposite to each other along the height direction of the battery cell 102 , the first side abuts against the first tab 11 , and the second side faces the second limiting portion 2322 .
  • a space for accommodating the edge portion 212 of the end cap is formed between the second side of the first limiting portion 2321 and the second limiting portion 2322 .
  • the edge portion 212 of the end cap When the edge portion 212 of the end cap is clamped by the second side of the first limiting portion 2321 and the second limiting portion 2322, the first tab 11 and the end cap are connected through the first limiting portion 2321 to realize power transmission .
  • the unshielded portion of the body portion 211 of the end cap can be used to connect external bus components.
  • the first side of the first limiting portion 2321 abuts against the first current collector so as to be electrically connected to the first tab 11 .
  • the first limiting part 2321 and the second limiting part 2322 can be fixedly connected to the side wall 232 and the end cover without welding etc. Means connection, convenient connection, high assembly efficiency.
  • the first tab 11 and the second tab 12 are often treated separately to reduce the interlayer gap of the first tab 11 and the interlayer gap of the second tab 12 .
  • the first tab 11 can be flattened, so that the first tab 11 can be gathered together, and the gap between the tab layers can be reduced, so that the first tab 11 forms a dense structure at one end of the electrode assembly 1.
  • the end face facilitates the connection between the first tab 11 and the first electrode lead-out portion 21 .
  • a conductive material may also be filled between two adjacent tab layers, so as to reduce the gap between the tab layers.
  • the second tab 12 is also smoothed or filled with conductive material, so as to reduce the gap between the tab layers of the second tab 12 .
  • the end surfaces of the tabs are sometimes uneven, which leads to the problem of false welding when the tabs and the end caps are welded, which adversely affects the flow-through capability of the battery cells 102 .
  • the end cover is electrically connected to the first tab 11 through the first stopper 2321, and the first stopper 2321 can further compress the first tab 11, and relieve the pressure caused by the first tab 11. The situation of poor flow caused by uneven surface, and there is no need for welding, the assembly efficiency is high.
  • the side wall 232 is formed with a concave part recessed from the outer peripheral surface of the side wall 232 inwardly, and a protruding part is formed on the side wall 232 at the position corresponding to the concave part.
  • the first limiting portion 2321 of the inner peripheral wall of the wall 232 , the concave portion and the first limiting portion 2321 are all ring structures.
  • the side wall 232 is bent and deformed by force to form a recess on the side of the side wall 232 facing away from the interior of the battery cell 102 , and to form a protrusion on the side of the side wall 232 facing the interior of the battery cell 102 , the recess and the protrusion corresponding to the position.
  • the concave portion is an annular groove extending along the circumferential direction of the side wall 232
  • the protrusion is an annular protrusion extending along the circumferential direction of the side wall 232
  • the annular protrusion serves as the first limiting portion 2321 .
  • the first limiting portion 2321 When the battery 100 is assembled alone, the first limiting portion 2321 is not formed on the side wall 232, and after the electrode assembly 1 is installed in the casing 23, the first limiting portion 2321 is formed on the side wall 232 by rolling. , the first limiting part 2321 will not hinder the assembly of the electrode assembly 1 in the casing 23, and can ensure that the electrode assembly 1 and its first tab 11 and second tab 12 are further compressed to prevent the electrode assembly 1 from contacting the bottom wall. 231. There is a gap between the first limiting parts 2321, so that the structure of the battery cell 102 is more compact, and the overcurrent capability is better.
  • the annular first limiting portion 2321 can abut against the first tab 11 in the entire circumferential direction of the electrode assembly 1 , and has a relatively high flow-through capacity.
  • the annular first stopper 2321 In the embodiment provided with a plurality of collector arms 51, compared to the non-circular shape, by setting the annular first stopper 2321, it is not necessary to consider the assembly positions of the plurality of collector arms 51, and the plurality of collector arms 51 Any position on the end surface of the first tab 11 can abut against the annular first limiting portion 2321 , which is convenient for assembly.
  • the cooperation between the first limiting part 2321 and a plurality of current collecting arms 51 not only facilitates assembly, compacts the first tab 11 and avoids false welding, but also makes the layers from the inner ring to the outer ring of the first tab 11 uniform.
  • An overcurrent position is formed to effectively avoid polarization, and the charge and discharge capacity of the battery cell 102 is relatively high.
  • the second limiting portion 2322 is a flanging structure in which the side wall 232 is turned inward at the opening position.
  • the second limiting part 2322 is a flanging structure in which the side wall 232 is turned inward at the opening position, that is, the second limiting part 2322 is a part of the side wall 232, so that the second limiting part 2322 can be stably positioned on the end cover.
  • the side away from the electrode assembly 1 limits the end cap.
  • the second limiting portion 2322 is a part of the side wall 232 , which can also reduce the connection relationship of the side wall 232 , thereby improving the structural strength of the side wall 232 .
  • the second limiting portion 2322 may be an annular structure, so that the second limiting portion 2322 can limit the end cap to move away from the electrode assembly 1 at any position in the circumferential direction.
  • the second limiting portion 2322 and the main body portion 211 of the end cap can be used together as the first electrode lead-out portion 21 to connect to an external bus component.
  • the battery cell 102 further includes a second insulating member 7, and the second insulating member 7 is located between the casing 23 and the electrode assembly 1 to insulate and isolate the casing. 23 and the second tab 12.
  • the second insulating member 7 includes two connected parts, the first part 71 is located between the second tab 12 and the bottom wall 231, and the second part 72 is located between the side wall 232 and the electrode assembly 1, so that Both the part of the second tab 12 facing the bottom wall 231 and the part of the second tab 12 facing the side wall 232 are isolated to ensure the insulation effect.
  • the first part 71 and the second part 72 of the second insulating member 7 are preformed with insulating materials and assembled on the electrode assembly 1 .
  • the second insulating member 7 is an annular insulating film.
  • the second part 72 is folded inward to cover the The second tab 12.
  • the second insulator 7 is a heat-shrinkable film. After the first part 71 is sheathed on the outer peripheral surface of the electrode assembly 1, the second part 72 is heated so that the diameter of the second part 72 gradually decreases, thereby covering the second part 72.
  • the second insulator 7 By arranging the second insulator 7 , it is possible to effectively prevent the casing 23 from overlapping with the second tab 12 , prevent a short circuit, and improve the safety of the battery cell 102 .
  • the battery cell 102 further includes a third insulating member 8, and the third insulating member 8 is located between the first tab 11 and the second electrode lead-out portion 22 The first tab 11 and the second electrode lead-out part 22 are separated by insulation.
  • the third insulator 8 is an insulator with a disc-shaped structure.
  • the third insulator 8 covers the end face of the second electrode lead-out part 22 facing the electrode assembly 1, and the edge of the third insulator 8 is folded toward the end cap and abuts against the fourth insulator 9 to completely cover the second electrode lead-out part 22 is located inside the battery cell 102 .
  • the third insulator 8 is also provided with an escape opening axially penetrating, so that the adapter 3 can pass through the escape opening to connect to the second electrode lead-out portion 22 .
  • the first tab 11 and the second electrode lead-out portion 22 are prevented from overlapping, preventing short circuit, and improving the safety of the battery 100 .
  • the second electrode lead-out part 22 is provided with a liquid injection hole 221, and a flow channel for allowing the electrolyte to flow is formed in the adapter 3 31 , one end of the flow channel 31 is opposite to the liquid injection hole 221 .
  • the liquid injection hole 221 runs through the second electrode lead-out part 22 , and the second electrode lead-out part 22 is provided with a seal 222 , and the seal 222 is used to close the liquid injection hole 221 located outside the battery cell 102 one end.
  • the flow channel 31 is formed inside the adapter 3, and one end of the flow channel 31 is opposite to the liquid injection hole 221, so that the electrolyte can be injected from the liquid injection hole 221 and enter the battery cell 102 through the flow channel 31, as shown in FIG. 4 As shown, the flow channel 31 runs through the adapter 3 in the axial direction, so that the electrolyte can fill the inside of the battery cell 102 from bottom to top.
  • a flow channel 31 is formed in the adapter 3, and the adapter 3 has both a conductive function and a liquid injection function, so that the battery cell 102 can be opened and formed, and the battery 100 is reduced.
  • the internal pressure increases the safety of the battery 100 .
  • the opening formation means that after the battery cell 102 is filled with liquid, it is charged and discharged for the first time under the condition that it is not completely sealed.
  • the sealing member 222 is connected to the second electrode lead-out portion 22 after the battery cells 102 are formed, so as to realize the formation of the opening.
  • the battery cell 102 further includes a pressure relief mechanism (not shown in the figure), which is configured to be activated to discharge the battery cell when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 102 reaches a threshold value.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is disposed on the bottom wall 231 and opposite to the end of the flow channel 31 away from the second electrode lead-out portion 22 . When the battery cell 102 is thermally out of control, it can dissipate heat and release pressure through the flow channel 31 to improve the safety of the battery 100 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism can take the form of an explosion-proof valve, an air valve, a pressure relief valve or a safety valve, and can specifically use a pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive element or structure, that is, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 102 reaches a predetermined When the threshold is reached, the pressure relief mechanism performs an action or the weak structure provided in the pressure relief mechanism is destroyed, thereby forming an opening or channel for internal pressure or temperature release.
  • the “activation” mentioned in this application means that the pressure release mechanism is activated or activated to a certain state, so that the internal pressure and temperature of the battery cells 102 can be released.
  • Actions by the pressure relief mechanism may include, but are not limited to, at least a portion of the pressure relief mechanism rupture, shatter, be torn, or open, among others.
  • the pressure release mechanism When the pressure release mechanism is actuated, the high temperature and high pressure material inside the battery cell 102 will be discharged from the actuated part as discharge. In this way, the pressure and temperature of the battery cells 102 can be released under controllable pressure or temperature, thereby avoiding potential more serious accidents.
  • the emissions from the battery cell 102 mentioned in this application include, but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or split positive and negative electrodes, fragments of separator, high temperature and high pressure gas generated by reaction, flame, etc.
  • the battery cell 102 further includes a second current collector 32, the second current collector 32 covers the second tab 12, and the second electrode leads out The portion 22 is electrically connected to the second tab 12 through the second current collector 32 .
  • the second current collector is a conductive member with a disc-shaped structure.
  • the second current collector 32 covers the second tab 12 of the electrode assembly 1.
  • One end of the adapter 3 is connected to the second current collector 32, and the other end is connected to the second electrode. Extraction part 22.
  • the connection method between the second current collector 32 and the second tab 12 may be contact conduction, bonding or welding through conductive glue.
  • the connection method between the second current collecting piece 32 and the adapter piece 3 can be contacting and conducting, bonding or welding through conductive glue.
  • the second current collector 32 is integrally formed with the adapter 3 , and when the adapter 3 passes through the winding center hole 13 , the second current collector 32 covers and contacts the second tab 12 .
  • the second current collecting piece 32 is not easily deformed. By setting the second current collecting piece 32, it is convenient to connect, and the second current collecting piece 32 can cover a large area of the second tab 12 to improve the flow rate. ability to prevent polarization problems.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery 100 , as shown in FIG. 2 , the battery 100 includes at least one battery cell 102 described in the above solutions.
  • the battery cells 102 are not prone to thermal runaway, and even if thermal runaway is not easy to explode, the time from thermal runaway to explosion is relatively long, which can reduce the hazard of explosion, and the battery 100 has good safety .
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electric device, which may be, but not limited to, the vehicle 1000 shown in FIG. 1 , and the electric device includes the above-mentioned battery 100 .
  • the battery 100 of the electric device is safe, and the electric device is not prone to the risk of explosion.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for manufacturing a battery cell 102, as shown in FIG. 14 , the method includes:
  • the electrode assembly 1 includes a first tab 11 and a second tab 12 with opposite polarities.
  • the first tab 11 and the second tab 12 are respectively located at both ends of the electrode assembly 1.
  • the electrode assembly 1 Has a winding center hole 13;
  • the shell assembly 2 includes a first electrode lead-out portion 21 and a second electrode lead-out portion 22 for inputting or outputting electric energy, the first electrode lead-out portion 21 and the second electrode lead-out portion 22 are both arranged on the shell assembly 2 on the same side;
  • the manufacturing method further includes:
  • step S201 disposing the heat absorbing layer 4 on the outer peripheral surface of the adapter 3 includes: setting the sleeve 5 on the adapter 3, disposing the heat absorbing layer 4 on the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve 5 and connecting Between the outer peripheral surfaces of the parts 3, the heat absorbing layer 4 is used to bond and fix the sleeve 5 and the adapter part 3.
  • the sleeve 5 is sleeved on the adapter 3, and the mixture of the gel matrix and the heat-absorbing material is filled between the sleeve 5 and the adapter 3 to bond the sleeve 5 and the adapter 3 It is fixed as a whole and plays the role of insulation and heat absorption.
  • the sleeve 5 protects the heat absorbing layer 4 from being scratched, ensures that the heat absorbing layer 4 evenly covers the adapter 3, and ensures a better heat absorbing effect.
  • each collector arm 51 is connected to the sleeve 5 , and a crease 52 is formed between each collector arm 51 and the sleeve 5 .
  • step S202 passing the heat absorbing layer 4 and the adapter 3 through the winding center hole 13 further includes: as shown in FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 , folding each collector arm 51 outward along the crease 52 , The other end of each collector arm 51 extends in the radial direction of the sleeve 5 and abuts against the first tab 11 .
  • step S202 electrically connecting the first electrode lead-out portion 21 to the first tab 11 includes: the first electrode lead-out portion 21 abuts against a plurality of current collector arms 51, so as to realize the connection between the first electrode lead-out portion 21 and the second tab. 12 electrical connections.
  • steps S101 , S102 , S103 , S104 , S105 , S201 , and S202 are executed in no particular order, and may also be executed simultaneously.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 102 manufacturing equipment 2000. As shown in FIG. Assembly device 2600 and second assembly device 2700 .
  • the first providing device 2100 is used to provide the electrode assembly 1.
  • the electrode assembly 1 includes a first tab 11 and a second tab 12 with opposite polarities.
  • the first tab 11 and the second tab 12 are respectively located on two sides of the electrode assembly 1 At the end, the electrode assembly 1 has a winding center hole 13 .
  • the second providing device 2200 is used to provide the shell assembly 2, the shell assembly 2 includes a first electrode lead-out part 21 and a second electrode lead-out part 22 for inputting or outputting electric energy, the first electrode lead-out part 21 and the second electrode lead-out part 22 They are all arranged on the same side of the housing assembly 2 .
  • the third providing device 2300 is used for providing the adapter 3 .
  • the fourth providing device 2400 is used for providing the heat absorbing layer 4 .
  • the first assembly device 2600 is used for disposing the heat absorbing layer 4 on the outer peripheral surface of the adapter 3 .
  • the second assembly device 2700 is used to pass the adapter 3 provided with the heat absorbing layer 4 through the winding center hole 13, put the electrode assembly 1, the heat absorbing layer 4 and the adapter 3 into the inside of the shell assembly 2, Make the first tab 11 close to the side of the housing assembly 2 where the first electrode lead-out portion 21 and the second electrode lead-out portion 22 are provided, and make the first electrode lead-out portion 21 electrically connected to the first tab 11, and make the transition One end of the component 3 is connected to the second tab 12 , and the other end of the adapter 3 is connected to the second electrode lead-out portion 22 , so as to realize the electrical connection between the second tab 12 and the second electrode lead-out portion 22 .
  • the manufacturing equipment 2000 further includes a fifth providing device 2500 for providing the sleeve 5 .
  • the first assembly device 2600 includes a first subcomponent 2610 and a second subcomponent 2620, the first subcomponent 2610 is used to sleeve the sleeve 5 on the adapter 3, and the second subcomponent 2620 is used to set the heat absorbing layer 4 Between the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve 5 and the outer peripheral surface of the adapter 3 , the sleeve 5 and the adapter 3 are bonded and fixed through the heat absorbing layer 4 .
  • the sleeve 5 provided by the fifth providing device 2500 is integrally connected with a first collector, the first collector includes a plurality of collector arms 51, and the plurality of collector arms 51 wrap around the sleeve Circumferential arrangement of the barrel 5 , one end of each collector arm 51 is connected to the sleeve 5 , and a crease 52 is formed between each collector arm 51 and the sleeve 5 .
  • the second assembly device 2700 includes a third subassembly 2710 and a fourth subassembly 2720.
  • the third subassembly 2710 is used to fold each collector arm 51 outward along the crease 52, so that each collector arm 51 The other end extends along the radial direction of the sleeve 5 and abuts against the first tab 11; the fourth subcomponent 2720 is used to make the first electrode lead-out part 21 abut against a plurality of current collector arms 51 to realize the first electrode lead-out
  • the portion 21 is electrically connected to the second tab 12 .
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a cylindrical battery cell 102, the battery cell 102 includes a shell assembly 2, an electrode assembly 1, and an adapter 3 , heat absorbing layer 4 and sleeve 5.
  • the housing assembly 2 includes a housing 23 and end caps.
  • the housing 23 includes a bottom wall 231 and a side wall 232 .
  • the side wall 232 surrounds the bottom wall 231 .
  • the bottom wall 231 is connected to one end of the side wall 232 .
  • the other end of the side wall 232 forms an opening.
  • the end cap includes a body portion 211 and an edge portion 212
  • the second electrode lead-out portion 22 of the battery cell 102 is an electrode terminal that is insulated and installed on the body portion 211 of the end cap. Therefore, both the first electrode lead-out portion 21 and the second electrode lead-out portion 22 are located on the same side of the housing assembly 2 .
  • the electrode assembly 1 , the adapter 3 , the heat absorbing layer 4 and the sleeve 5 are all arranged in the shell assembly 2 .
  • the end of the electrode assembly 1 facing the end cap forms a first tab 11
  • the end facing away from the end cap forms a second tab 12 .
  • the electrode assembly 1 has a winding central hole 13 extending to both ends.
  • the sleeve 5 is sleeved on the adapter 3, and the heat absorbing layer 4 is arranged between the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve 5 and the outer peripheral surface of the adapter 3, and the heat absorbing layer 4 bonds the adapter 3 and the sleeve 5 Integrate, and insulate and isolate the adapter 3 and the sleeve 5 .
  • the adapter 3 is disposed in the winding center hole 13 , one end of the adapter 3 is connected to the second tab 12 , and the other end extends out of the sleeve 5 to connect to the second electrode lead-out portion 22 .
  • the battery cell 102 also includes a first current collector, the first current collector includes a plurality of current collector arms 51, the plurality of current collector arms 51 are arranged around the circumference of the sleeve 5, and one end of each current collector arm 51 is connected to The other end of the sleeve 5 extends along the radial direction of the sleeve 5 .
  • the plurality of current collecting arms 51 are all in contact with the first tab 11 .
  • the inner peripheral surface of the side wall 232 is provided with a first limiting portion 2321 and a second limiting portion 2322, the first limiting portion 2321 abuts against a plurality of collector arms 51, and the first limiting portion 2321 is away from the side of the first tab 11
  • One side cooperates with the second limiting portion 2322 to clamp the edge portion 212 of the end cap, and the end cap is electrically connected to the first tab 11 through the first limiting portion 2321 and the plurality of collector arms 51 .
  • the second electrode lead-out part 22 is provided with a liquid injection hole 221
  • the adapter 3 is a cylindrical structure, and the inner space of the adapter 3 forms a flow channel 31, and one end of the flow channel 31 is aligned with the injector. Liquid hole 221 .
  • the cylindrical battery cell 102 provided in the embodiment of the present application realizes opening formation, reduces the internal pressure of the battery cell 102, and the heat generated by the overcurrent of the adapter 3 can be absorbed by the heat absorbing layer 4 Absorption, so as not to cause the temperature of the electrode assembly 1 to rise sharply, thereby alleviating the problem of thermal runaway of the battery cell 102 caused by the overcurrent of the adapter 3 .

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Abstract

本申请涉及一种电池单体、电池、用电设备及电池单体的制造方法和设备。电池单体包括：电极组件，包括极性相反的第一极耳和第二极耳，第一极耳和第二极耳分别位于电极组件的两端，电极组件具有卷绕中心孔；外壳组件，包括用于输入或输出电能的第一电极引出部和第二电极引出部，外壳组件的内部设有电极组件，第一电极引出部和第二电极引出部均设于外壳组件靠近第一极耳的一侧，第一电极引出部与第一极耳电连接；转接件，穿设于卷绕中心孔，转接件的一端连接第二极耳，转接件的另一端连接第二电极引出部，以实现第二极耳与第二电极引出部的电连接；吸热层，位于卷绕中心孔内且设置于转接件的外周面，用于吸收转接件的热量。

Description

电池单体、电池、用电设备及电池单体的制造方法和设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电池单体、电池、用电设备及电池单体的制造方法和设备。
背景技术
在追求节能减排的大环境下，电池广泛应用于手机、电脑、电动汽车等用电设备，为用电设备提供电能，电池的安全性对用电设备的使用性能极为重要。
发明内容
本申请旨在提供一种电池单体、电池、用电设备及电池单体的制造方法和设备，以提高电池单体的安全性。
本申请的实施例是这样实现的：
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，其包括：电极组件，包括极性相反的第一极耳和第二极耳，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳分别位于所述电极组件的两端，所述电极组件具有卷绕中心孔；外壳组件，包括用于输入或输出电能的第一电极引出部和第二电极引出部，所述外壳组件的内部设有所述电极组件，所述第一电极引出部和所述第二电极引出部均设于所述外壳组件靠近所述第一极耳的一侧，所述第一电极引出部与所述第一极耳电连接；转接件，穿设于所述卷绕中心孔，所述转接件的一端连接所述第二极耳，所述转接件的另一端连接所述第二电极引出部，以实现所述第二极耳与所述第二电极引出部的电连接；吸热层，位于所述卷绕中心孔内且设置于所述转接件的外周面，用于吸收所述转接件的热量。
本申请的技术方案中，通过在电池单体内部设置转接件，能够实现在电池单体的同一侧连接汇流部件，使得结构更紧凑，能量密度更高，通过在转接件的外周面设置吸热层，用于吸收转接件产生的热量，缓解转接件过流升温导致电极组件的温度急剧升高的问题，以免转接件过流导致电池单体热失控，有效提高电池单体的安全性。另一方面，当电极组件本身出现温度急剧升高的情况时，吸热层还能够吸收电极组件产生的热量，以避免热失控加剧导致发生燃爆，或者延长电池单体从热失控到发生燃爆的时间，从而提高电池单体的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述吸热层为胶状基体和吸热材料的混合物。
在上述技术方案中，通过将吸热材料与胶状基体混合形成吸热层，使得吸热层能够粘附并覆盖转接件的外周面，消除吸热层和转接件的外周面之间的间隙，保证足够的传热面积，提高吸热效果。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述吸热材料包括无机盐类吸热材料。
在上述技术方案中，通过吸热层中设置无机盐类吸热材料，无机盐类吸热材料吸收热量后能够分解生成水和阻燃隔热的化合物，水能够进一步吸热热量、降低温度，阻燃隔热的化合物能够降低转接件的温度对电极组件的影响，从而进一步防止爆燃，提高电池单体的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述电池单体还包括：套筒，所述套筒设置于所述卷绕中心孔内且套设于所述转接件，所述吸热层设置在所述套筒的内周面和所述转接件的外周面之间，所述套筒和所述转接件通过所述吸热层粘接固定。
在上述技术方案中，套筒、转接件、吸热层三者结合为一整体，套筒起到保护吸热层的作用，防止在穿设于卷绕中心孔的过程中，吸热层被剐蹭、破坏，保证吸热层均匀设置于转接件的外周面，提高吸热效果。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述吸热层绝缘隔离所述套筒和所述转接件。
在上述技术方案中，在吸热层作用下，转接件和套筒相互绝缘，进一步防止短路，提高电池单体的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述电池单体还包括第一集流件，所述第一集流件覆盖于所述第 一极耳，所述第一电极引出部和所述第一极耳通过所述第一集流件电连接。
在上述技术方案中，第一集流件相比第一极耳更不容易变形，便于电极组件入壳后通过第一集流件连接第一电极引出部，连接更稳定。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第一集流件包括多个集流臂，所述多个集流臂绕所述套筒的周向布置，每个所述集流臂的一端连接于所述套筒，另一端沿所述套筒的径向延伸。
在上述技术方案中，一方面，每个集流臂都从电极组件的中心向边缘延伸，防止出现极化问题；另一方面，电解液能够从相邻的集流臂之间进入电极组件的极片层间，有效提高电解液的浸润效率和浸润效果，进而提升电池的性能。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述的多个集流臂与所述套筒一体成型。
在上述技术方案中，多个集流臂在传输电能的过程中产生的热量，一部分通过外壳组件向外散发，另一部分通过套筒传递至吸热层被吸收，两种散热方式配合，加快散热速度，缓解温度急剧升高，缓解集流臂过流导致热失控的问题。
在本申请的一些实施例中，每个所述集流臂和所述套筒之间形成有折痕。
在上述技术方案中，通过将每个集流臂和套筒集成为一体，并设置折痕，起到便于装配的作用，提高生产效率。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述电池单体还包括：第一绝缘件，位于所述套筒的外周面和所述卷绕中心孔的内壁之间，以绝缘隔离所述电极组件和所述套筒。
在上述技术方案中，通过设置第一绝缘件，防止套筒与第二极片搭接，防止短路，提高安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述外壳组件包括壳体和端盖，所述壳体包括底壁和侧壁，所述侧壁围设于所述底壁，所述底壁连接于所述侧壁的一端，所述侧壁的另一端形成开口，所述端盖覆盖所述开口，所述第一电极引出部为所述端盖，所述第二电极引出部绝缘安装于所述端盖。
在上述技术方案中，通过将端盖作为第一电极引出部，端盖的面积较大，便于连接第一极耳，也便于连接外部汇流部件，方便装配。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述端盖包括本体部和边缘部，所述边缘部围绕所述本体部，所述第二电极引出部绝缘安装于所述本体部；所述侧壁的内周面形成有沿所述电池单体的高度方向相对的第一限位部和第二限位部，所述第一限位部和所述第二限位部配合以夹持所述边缘部，所述第一限位部相对所述第二限位部靠近所述电极组件，所述第一限位部抵接于所述第一极耳，以实现所述端盖和所述第一极耳电连接。
在上述技术方案中，第一限位部和第二限位部配合即可固定连接侧壁和端盖，无需通过焊接等手段连接，连接方便，装配效率高。另一方面，端盖通过第一限位部抵接于第一极耳实现电连接，第一限位部能够进一步压实第一极耳，缓解由于第一极耳的表面不平整导致的过流不良的情况，而且还无需焊接，装配效率高。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述侧壁上形成有从所述侧壁的外周面向内凹陷的凹部，并在所述侧壁与所述凹部相对应的位置形成凸出于所述侧壁的内周壁的所述第一限位部，所述凹部与所述第一限位部均为环形结构。
在上述技术方案中，环形的第一限位部在电极组件的整个周向上都能够抵接于第一极耳，过流能力较高。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第二限位部为所述侧壁在所述开口位置向内翻折的翻边结构。
在上述技术方案中，第二限位部为侧壁的一部分，以使第二限位部能够稳定地在端盖背离电极组件的一侧对端盖进行限位；第二限位部为侧壁的一部分，减少侧壁的连接关系，从而提高侧壁的结构强度。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述电池单体还包括：第二绝缘件，位于所述壳体和所述电极组件之间，以绝缘隔离所述壳体和所述第二极耳。
在上述技术方案中，通过设置第二绝缘件，有效防止壳体和第二极耳搭接，防止短路，提高电池单体的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述电池单体还包括：第三绝缘件，位于所述第一极耳和所述第二电极引出部之间，以绝缘隔离所述第一极耳和所述第二电极引出部。
在上述技术方案中，通过设置第三绝缘件，防止第一极耳和第二电极引出部搭接，防止短路，提高电池的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第二电极引出部设有注液孔，所述转接件内形成有用于容许电解液流通的流道，所述流道的一端与所述注液孔相对。
在上述技术方案中，转接件兼具导电功能和注液功能，使得电池单体能够实现开口化成，降低电池的内压，提高电池的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述电池单体还包括：第二集流件，所述第二集流件覆盖于所述第二极耳，所述第二电极引出部和所述第二极耳通过所述第二集流件电连接。
在上述技术方案中，第二集流件相比第二极耳不易变形，而且第二集流件能够覆盖第二极耳的较多面积，提高过流能力，防止出现极化问题。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池，其中，所述电池包括前述的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种用电设备，其中，所述用电设备包括前述的电池。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体的制造方法，其中，包括：提供电极组件，所述电极组件包括极性相反的第一极耳和第二极耳，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳分别位于所述电极组件的两端，所述电极组件具有卷绕中心孔；提供外壳组件，所述外壳组件包括用于输入或输出电能的第一电极引出部和第二电极引出部，所述第一电极引出部和所述第二电极引出部均设于所述外壳组件的同一侧；提供转接件；提供吸热层；将所述吸热层设置于所述转接件的外周面；将设有所述吸热层的所述转接件穿设于所述卷绕中心孔，将所述电极组件、所述吸热层和所述转接件放入所述外壳组件的内部，使第一极耳靠近所述外壳组件设有所述第一电极引出部和所述第二电极引出部的一侧，并使所述第一电极引出部与所述第一极耳电连接，且使所述转接件的一端连接所述第二极耳、所述转接件的另一端连接所述第二电极引出部，以实现所述第二极耳与所述第二电极引出部的电连接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述制造方法还包括：提供套筒；所述将所述吸热层设置于所述转接件的外周面包括：将所述套筒套设于所述转接件，将所述吸热层设置于所述套筒的内周面和所述转接件的外周面之间，通过所述吸热层粘接固定所述套筒和所述转接件。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述套筒一体连接有第一集流件，所述第一集流件包括多个集流臂，所述多个集流臂绕所述套筒的周向布置，每个所述集流臂的一端连接于所述套筒，每个所述集流臂和所述套筒之间形成有折痕；所述制造方法还包括：所述将所述吸热层和所述转接件穿设于所述卷绕中心孔还包括：沿所述折痕将每个所述集流臂向外翻折，以使每个所述集流臂的另一端沿所述套筒的径向延伸并抵接于所述第一极耳；所述使所述第一电极引出部与所述第一极耳电连接包括：所述第一电极引出部抵接于所述多个集流臂，以实现所述第一电极引出部与所述第二极耳电连接。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体的制造设备，其中，包括：第一提供装置，用于提供电极组件，所述电极组件包括极性相反的第一极耳和第二极耳，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳分别位于所述电极组件的两端，所述电极组件具有卷绕中心孔；第二提供装置，用于提供外壳组件，所述外壳组件包括用于输入或输出电能的第一电极引出部和第二电极引出部，所述第一电极引出部和所述第二电极引出部均设于所述外壳组件的同一侧；第三提供装置，用于提供转接件；第四提供装置，用于提供吸热层；第一组装装置，用于将所述吸热层设置于所述转接件的外周面；第二 组装装置，用于将设有所述吸热层的所述转接件穿设于所述卷绕中心孔，将所述电极组件、所述吸热层和所述转接件放入所述外壳组件的内部，使第一极耳靠近所述外壳组件设有所述第一电极引出部和所述第二电极引出部的一侧，并使所述第一电极引出部与所述第一极耳电连接，且使所述转接件的一端连接所述第二极耳、所述转接件的另一端连接所述第二电极引出部，以实现所述第二极耳与所述第二电极引出部的电连接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述制造设备还包括：第五提供装置，用于提供套筒；所述第一组装装置包括第一子部件和第二子部件，所述第一子部件用于将所述套筒套设于所述转接件，所述第二子部件用于将所述吸热层设置于所述套筒的内周面和所述转接件的外周面之间，以通过所述吸热层粘接固定所述套筒和所述转接件。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述套筒一体连接有第一集流件，所述第一集流件包括多个集流臂，所述多个集流臂绕所述套筒的周向布置，每个所述集流臂的一端连接于所述套筒，每个所述集流臂和所述套筒之间形成有折痕；所述第二组装装置包括第三子部件和第四子部件，所述第三子部件用于沿所述折痕将每个所述集流臂向外翻折，以使每个所述集流臂的另一端沿所述套筒的径向延伸并抵接于所述第一极耳；所述第四子部件用于使所述第一电极引出部抵接于所述多个集流臂，以实现所述第一电极引出部与所述第二极耳电连接。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一实施例提供的车辆的示意图；
图2为本申请一实施例提供的电池的分解图；
图3为本申请一实施例提供的电池单体的主视图；
图4为本申请一实施例提供的电池单体的内部结构示意图；
图5为图4中B部分放大图；
图6为本申请一实施例提供的转接件、套筒和吸热层的连接示意图；
图7为本申请一实施例提供的套筒和多个集流臂装配于电极组件后的示意图；
图8为本申请一实施例提供的套筒和多个集流臂装配于电极组件之前的示意图；
图9为图8中C部分放大图；
图10为本申请一实施例提供的集流臂沿折痕翻折前的示意图；
图11为本申请一实施例提供的集流臂沿折痕翻折后的示意图；
图12为本申请一实施例提供的电池单体的分解图；
图13为图4的D部分放大图；
图14为本申请一实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法的流程示意图；
图15为本申请另一实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法的流程示意图；
图16为将吸热层设置于套筒和转接件之间后的结构示意图；
图17为将电极组件、吸热层、套筒和转接件放入外壳组件内部的结构示意图；
图18为将多个集流臂沿折痕翻折之后的结构示意图；
图19为本申请一实施例提供的电池单体的制造设备的示意性框图。
图标：1000-车辆；100-电池；200-马达；300-控制器；101-箱体；1011-第一箱体部；1012- 第二箱体部；102-电池单体；1-电极组件；11-第一极耳；12-第二极耳；13-卷绕中心孔；2-外壳组件；21-第一电极引出部；211-本体部；212-边缘部；22-第二电极引出部；221-注液孔；222-密封件；23-壳体；231-底壁；232-侧壁；2321-第一限位部；2322-第二限位部；3-转接件；31-流道；32-第二集流件；4-吸热层；5-套筒；51-集流臂；52-折痕；53-断缝；6-第一绝缘件；7-第二绝缘件；71-第一部分；72-第二部分；8-第三绝缘件；9-第四绝缘件；2000-制造设备；2100-第一提供装置；2200-第二提供装置；2300-第三提供装置；2400-第四提供装置；2500-第五提供装置；2600-第一组装装置；2610-第一子部件；2620-第二子部件；2700-第二组装装置；2710-第三子部件；2720-第四子部件。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：存在A，同时存在A和B，存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解质，电极组件包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面；正极集流体包括正极集流部和凸出于正极集流部的正极极耳，正极集流部涂覆有正极活性物质层，正极极耳的至少部分未涂覆正极活性物质层。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质层包括正极活性物质，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面；负极集流体包括负极集流部和凸出于负极集流部的负极极耳，负极集流部涂覆有负极活性物质层，负极极耳的至少部分未涂覆负极活性物质层。负极集流体的材 料可以为铜，负极活性物质层包括负极活性物质，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。隔离件的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。
电池单体还包括外壳组件，外壳组件的内部形成密封的容纳空间，用于容纳电极组件、电解质及其他功能性部件，以在外壳组件的内部实现电化学反应。外壳组件上设置电极引出部，电极引出部包括正极电极引出部和负极电极引出部，正极电极引出部连接正极极耳，负极电极引出部连接负极极耳，以将电能输出或输入。
在电池中，还包括汇流部件，汇流部件用于连接电池单体的电极引出部。多个电池单体通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现多个电池单体的并联、串联或混联。为了简化电池的结构，发明人将电池单体的正极电极引出部和负极电极引出部设置到电池单体的同一端，以便于汇流部件连接到正极电极引出部和负极电极引出部。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，还要考虑安全性。
出于安全性的考虑，电极组件的正极极耳和负极极耳一般分设在电极组件的相对两侧，以免正极极耳、负极极耳变形搭接导致短路。这使得电池单体的正极电极引出部和负极电极引出部中的一者远离与其极性相同的极耳，例如正极极耳位于电极组件的靠近正极电极引出部和负极电极引出部的一端时，负极极耳位于电极组件的背离正极电极引出部和负极电极引出部的一端，导致负极极耳和负极电极引出部不便于连接。为实现连接，考虑在电池单体中设置转接件，转接件穿设于电极组件的卷绕中心孔，转接件的一端连接负极极耳，转接件的另一端连接负极电极引出部，从而实现负极极耳和负极电极引出部电连接。
然而，在电池单体的内部设置转接件的方案中，电池单体在充放电过程中容易出现热失控的问题，进而导致电池单体发生燃爆。发明人进一步研究发现，当转接件中通过的电流过大时，转接件将产生大量热量，而转接件位于电极组件的中心位置，不容易向外散热，使得电极组件的中心位置的温度急剧升高,从而导致热失控。
鉴于此，为提高电池单体的安全性，本申请提供一种方案，在电池单体的内部设置吸热层，吸热层设置在电极组件的卷绕中心孔内，且吸热层围绕转接件的外周面，转接件过流升温时，热量被吸热层吸收，以免导致电极组件的温度急剧升高，从而缓解转接件过流导致电池单体热失控的问题，有效提高电池单体的安全性。
另外，当电极组件本身出现温度急剧升高的情况时，吸热层还能够吸收电极组件产生的热量，以缓解电极组件热失控的情况，实现延长电池单体从热失控到发生燃爆的时间，或者避免热失控加剧导致发生燃爆，从而提高电池单体的安全性。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
如图1所示，图示出了本申请一种实施例的一种车辆1000，车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部可以设置电池100、控制器300以及马达200，控制器300用来控制电池100为马达200的供电。例如，在车辆1000的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池100。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，用于车辆1000的电路系统，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以 作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，如图2所示，电池100可以包括多个电池单体102，其中，多个电池单体102之间串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。电池100也可以称为电池100包。可选地，多个电池单体102可以先串联、并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联组成电池100。也就是说，多个电池单体102可以直接组成电池100，也可以先组成电池模块，电池模块再组成电池100。
电池100还可以包括箱体101(或称罩体)，多个电池单体102容纳于箱体101内。箱体101可以包括两个用于容纳的部分(可参照图2)，这里分别称为第一箱体部1011和第二箱体部1012，第一箱体部1011和第二箱体部1012扣合在一起。第一箱体部1011和第二箱体部1012的形状可以根据多个电池单体102组合的形状而定，第一箱体部1011和第二箱体部1012可以均具有一个开口。例如，第一箱体部1011和第二箱体部1012均可以为中空长方体且各自只有一个面为开口面，第一箱体部1011的开口和第二箱体部1012的开口相对设置，并且第一箱体部1011和第二箱体部1012相互扣合形成具有封闭腔室的箱体101。第一箱体部1011和第二箱体部1012中，也可以一者为具有开口的长方体，另一者为盖板结构以封闭长方体的开口。多个电池单体102相互并联或串联或混联组合后置于第一箱体部1011和第二箱体部1012扣合后形成的箱体101内。
电池100还包括汇流部件(图2中未示出)，汇流部件用于实现多个电池单体102之间的电连接，例如并联或串联或混联。具体地，汇流部件可通过连接电池单体102的电极引出部实现电池单体102之间的电连接。进一步地，汇流部件可通过焊接固定于电池单体102的电极引出部。多个电池单体102的电能可进一步通过导电机构穿过箱体101而引出。可选地，导电机构也可属于汇流部件。
下面针对任意一个电池单体102进行详细描述，如图3、图4和图5所示，电池单体102包括电极组件1、外壳组件2、转接件3和吸热层4。电极组件1包括极性相反的第一极耳11和第二极耳12，第一极耳11和第二极耳12分别位于电极组件1的两端，电极组件1具有卷绕中心孔13。外壳组件2包括用于输入或输出电能的第一电极引出部21和第二电极引出部22，电极组件1设置于外壳组件2的内部，第一电极引出部21和第二电极引出部22均设于外壳组件2靠近第一极耳11的一侧，第一电极引出部21与第一极耳11电连接。转接件3穿设于卷绕中心孔13，转接件3的一端连接第二极耳12，转接件3的另一端连接第二电极引出部22，以实现第二极耳12与第二电极引出部22的电连接。吸热层4位于卷绕中心孔13内且设置于转接件3的外周面，用于吸收转接件3的热量。
电极组件1包括第一极片、第二极片和隔离件，隔离件用于将第一极片和第二极片隔开。第一极片和第二极片的极性相反，换言之，第一极片和第二极片中的一者为正极极片，第一极片和第二极片中的另一者为负极极片。第一极片、第二极片、隔离件为现有技术，本申请说明书附图中虽未示出，本领域技术人员应理解其具体结构。第一极耳11为第一极片的未涂覆活性物质层的部分，第二极耳12为第二极片的未涂覆活性物质层的部分，换言之，第一极耳11和第二极耳12中的一者为正极极耳，第一极耳11和第二极耳12中的另一者为负极极耳。如图4所示，本申请中，电极组件1为卷绕结构，具有卷绕中心孔13，第一极耳11和第二极耳12分别位于电极组件1的沿其卷绕中心孔13的延伸方向的两端。
外壳组件2的内部形成用于容纳电极组件1的空间。外壳组件2的形状可根据电极组件1的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件1为圆柱体结构，则外壳组件2可选为圆柱体；若电极组件1为长方体结构，则外壳组件2可选为长方体。可选地，电极组件1和外壳组件2均为圆柱体。
第一电极引出部21与第一极耳11电连接的方式可以是直接连接或间接连接以实现导电。电极引出部与第一极耳11直接连接包括：直接接触导电，通过导电胶粘结，或焊接。第一电极引出部21与第一极耳11间接连接是指通过其他导电部件连接。
转接件3是用于导电过流的部件。示例性的，转接件3为金属材料制成。转接件3的一端连接第二极耳12、另一端伸出卷绕中心孔13连接第二电极引出部22。转接件3与第二极耳12的连接方式可以是接触导电、通过导电胶粘结或焊接，转接件3与第二电极引出部22的连接方式可以 是接触导电、通过导电胶粘结或焊接。
吸热层4采用吸热、隔热的材料制成。可选地，先将吸热、隔热的材料定型为管状的吸热层4，然后将吸热层4套设在转接件3的外周面。或者，可选地，将吸热、隔热的材料涂覆于转接件3的外周面，从而在转接件3的外周面形成吸热层4。
本申请提供的技术方案，通过在电池单体102内部能够实现在电池单体102的同一侧连接汇流部件，使得结构更紧凑，能量密度更高，通过在转接件3的外周面设置吸热层4，用于吸收转接件3产生的热量，缓解转接件3过流升温导致电极组件1的温度急剧升高的问题，以免转接件3过流导致电池单体102热失控，有效提高电池单体102的安全性。
另一方面，当电极组件1本身出现温度急剧升高的情况时，吸热层4还能够吸收电极组件1产生的热量，以避免热失控加剧导致发生燃爆，或者延长电池单体102从热失控到发生燃爆的时间，从而提高电池单体102的安全性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，吸热层4为胶状基体和吸热材料的混合物。
胶状基体用于聚集吸热材料，以便能够形成具有吸热性能的混合物，使得胶状基体还具有粘结和绝缘的作用，以使吸热层4能够粘附于转接件3的外周面。在一些实施例中，胶状基体包括环氧树脂和橡胶增韧剂。
吸热材料是吸热层4中起吸热作用的主要成分。吸热材料可以是相变材料、无机盐类吸热材料等。
通过将吸热材料与胶状基体混合形成吸热层4，使得吸热层4能够粘附并覆盖转接件3的外周面，消除吸热层4和转接件3的外周面之间的间隙，保证足够的传热面积，提高吸热效果。
根据本申请的一些实施例，吸热材料包括无机盐类吸热材料。
无机盐类吸热材料有多种，例如氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝等，氢氧化镁受热时吸热分解为氧化镁和水，氢氧化铝受热时吸热分解为三氧化二铝和水，氧化镁和三氧化二铝都具有绝缘耐火的性能，能够起到绝缘作用和阻燃、隔热的作用。
通过吸热层4中设置无机盐类吸热材料，无机盐类吸热材料吸收热量后能够分解生成水和阻燃隔热的化合物，水能够进一步吸热热量、降低温度，阻燃隔热的化合物能够降低转接件3的温度对电极组件1的影响，从而进一步防止爆燃，提高电池单体102的安全性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图4、图5和图6所示，电池单体102还包括套筒5，套筒5设置于卷绕中心孔13内且套设于转接件3，吸热层4设置在套筒5的内周面和转接件3的外周面之间，套筒5和转接件3通过吸热层4粘接固定。
套筒5、转接件3、吸热层4三者结合为一整体，套筒5起到保护吸热层4的作用，防止在穿设于卷绕中心孔13的过程中，吸热层4被剐蹭、破坏，保证吸热层4均匀设置于转接件3的外周面，提高吸热效果。
根据本申请的一些实施例，吸热层4绝缘隔离套筒5和转接件3。
吸热层4采用绝缘的材料制成，或者吸热层4的外表面为绝缘材料，以使得吸热层4具有绝缘性能。如，吸热层4由绝缘的胶质基体和绝缘的吸热材料混合而成。
通过利用吸热层4绝缘隔离套筒5和转接件3，以免电池单体102中的与转接件3极性相反的部件通过套筒5搭接转接件3，防止短路，进一步提高电池单体102的安全性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图4、图5和图6所示，电池单体102还包括第一集流件，第一集流件覆盖于第一极耳11，第一电极引出部21和第一极耳11通过第一集流件电连接。
第一集流件是用于将第一极耳11和第一电极引出部21电连接的部件，以使电能在电极组件1和第一电极引出部21之间输送。
在电极组件1入壳前，先在第一极耳11上连接第一集流件(这里所说的连接是指抵接、焊 接或粘结)，第一集流件相比第一极耳11更不容易变形，便于电极组件1入壳后通过第一集流件连接第一电极引出部21，连接更稳定。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图7所示，第一集流件包括多个集流臂51，多个集流臂51绕套筒5的周向布置，每个集流臂51的一端连接于套筒5，另一端沿套筒5的径向延伸。
套筒5穿设于卷绕中心孔13，套筒5的轴向与卷绕中心孔13的轴向为同一方向，套筒5的径向与卷绕中心孔13的径向均垂直于套筒5的轴向。每个集流臂51沿套筒5的径向布置，也即多个集流臂51绕电极组件1的周向间隔布置在电极组件1的端面上，且每个集流臂51的延伸方向为电极组件1的径向。
一方面，每个集流臂51都从电极组件1的中心向边缘延伸，使得每个集流臂51都能够连接到第一极耳11的靠内圈层和靠外圈层，防止出现极化问题。本申请实施例中所说的“内”是指电极组件1的中心，“外”是指电极组件1的边缘。
另一方面，电解液能够从相邻的集流臂51之间进入电极组件1的极片层间，有效提高电解液的浸润效率和浸润效果，进而提升电池100的性能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，多个集流臂51与套筒5一体成型。
多个集流臂51与套筒5是连接的，能够进行热传递。
多个集流臂51在传输电能的过程中产生的热量，一部分通过外壳组件2向外散发，另一部分通过套筒5传递至吸热层4被吸收，两种散热方式配合，缓解集流臂51过流导致热失控的问题。
并且，在电池单体102的装配过程中，无需分别提供多个集流臂51和套筒5，还减少了多个集流臂51和套筒5的焊接步骤，有效降低生产成本，提高生产效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图8和图9所示，每个集流臂51和套筒5之间形成有折痕52。
多个集流臂51和套筒5一体成型，折痕52位于每个集流臂51和套筒5之间。如图10所示，在装配前，多个集流臂51沿套筒5的轴向延伸，在套筒5通过吸热层4粘接固定于转接件3并一起穿设于卷绕中心孔13后，如图11所示集流臂51沿折痕52翻折并抵接于第一极耳11，用于实现第一极耳11和第一电极引出部21的电连接。
在一些实施例中，折痕52由集流臂51受力向外翻折后形成。在另一些实施例中，每个集流臂51和套筒5的连接部位具有薄弱区，使得集流臂51受力时易于向外翻折形成折痕52。
如图8和图9所示，套筒5的一端延长，并在延长的部分设置多个断缝53，每个断缝53都贯穿套筒5的内周面和外周面，每个断缝53均从延长的一端的端面沿轴向朝另一端延伸，多个断缝53沿套筒5的周向间隔布置，相邻的两个断缝53之间形成一个集流臂51。在另一些实施例中，断缝53的延伸方向也可以不平行于套筒5的轴向，例如断缝53的延伸方向相对轴向略微倾斜。
通过将每个集流臂51和套筒5集成为一体，并设置折痕52，便于套筒5穿过卷绕中心孔13，还保证集流臂51抵接第一极耳11，起到便于装配的作用，提高生产效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，结合图5和图12所示，电池单体102还包括第一绝缘件6，第一绝缘件6位于套筒5的外周面和卷绕中心孔13的内壁之间，以绝缘隔离电极组件1和套筒5。
第一绝缘件为筒状结构的绝缘部件，第一绝缘件6套设在套筒5的外周面，以免套筒5的外周面与卷绕中心孔13的内壁接触。
套筒5与集流臂连接，套筒5的极性与第一极耳11相同，通过设置第一绝缘件6，防止套筒5与第二极片搭接，防止短路，提高安全性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，结合图3、图4、图5和图12所示，外壳组件2包括壳体23和端盖，壳体23包括底壁231和侧壁232，侧壁232围设于底壁231，底壁231连接于侧壁232的一 端，侧壁232的另一端形成开口，端盖覆盖开口，第一电极引出部21为端盖，第二电极引出部22绝缘安装于端盖。
壳体23是用于容纳电极组件1、电解质等功能部件的部件，壳体23可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。可选地，当外壳为圆柱体时，壳体23为圆柱体的一部分。壳体23包括侧壁232和底壁231，侧壁232围合，底壁231封闭侧壁232的一端，侧壁232的另一端形成与底壁231相对的开口。
端盖是指盖合于壳体23的开口处以将电池单体102的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖的形状可以与壳体23的形状相适应以配合壳体23。可选地，当外壳为圆柱体时，端盖为圆柱体的另一部分。可选地，端盖可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体102能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。
壳体23和端盖可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体23上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖盖合开口以形成电池单体102的内部环境。不限地，也可以使端盖和壳体23一体化，具体地，端盖和壳体23可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体23的内部时，再使端盖盖合壳体23。
第二电极引出部22可被配置为电极端子。如图5和图12所示，端盖上形成有通孔，第二电极引出部22穿设于该通孔，在第二电极引出部22和端盖之间设有第四绝缘件9，以实现第二电极引出部22绝缘安装于端盖。
本实施例中，通过将端盖作为第一电极引出部21，端盖的面积较大，便于连接第一极耳11，也便于连接外部汇流部件，方便装配。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请再参照图5所示，端盖包括本体部211和边缘部212，边缘部212围绕本体部211，第二电极引出部22绝缘安装于本体部211；侧壁232的内周面形成有沿电池单体102的高度方向相对的第一限位部2321和第二限位部2322，第一限位部2321和第二限位部2322配合以夹持边缘部212，第一限位部2321相对第二限位部2322靠近电极组件1，第一限位部2321抵接于第一极耳11，以实现端盖和第一极耳11电连接。
结合图12所示，边缘部212设置在本体部211的外周，本体部211的中心设置用于安装第二电极引出部22的通孔。
沿电池单体102的高度方向上，第一限位部2321和第二限位部2322均位于电极组件1设有第一极耳11的一侧，且第一限位部2321位于第一极耳11和第二限位部2322之间。第一限位部2321包括沿电池单体102的高度方向相对的第一侧和第二侧，第一侧抵接于第一极耳11，第二侧面向第二限位部2322。第一限位部2321的第二侧和第二限位部2322之间形成容纳端盖的边缘部212的空间。当端盖的边缘部212被第一限位部2321的第二侧和第二限位部2322夹持时，第一极耳11和端盖通过第一限位部2321导通并实现电能输送。端盖的本体部211的未被遮蔽的部分，可用于连接外部汇流部件。
在设有第一集流件的实施例中，第一限位部2321的第一侧抵接于第一集流件，从而与第一极耳11电连接。
通过在侧壁232上设置第一限位部2321和第二限位部2322，第一限位部2321和第二限位部2322配合即可固定连接侧壁232和端盖，无需通过焊接等手段连接，连接方便，装配效率高。
另一方面，为便于电连接，常对第一极耳11和第二极耳12分别进行处理，以减小第一极耳11的层间缝隙和第二极耳12的层间缝隙。例如，可对第一极耳11进行揉平处理，以使第一极耳11收拢、集合在一起，减小极耳层间的缝隙，使得第一极耳11在电极组件1的一端形成致密的端面，便于第一极耳11与第一电极引出部21连接。可替代地，本申请实施例也可以在相邻的两圈极耳层之间填充导电材料，以减小极耳层间的缝隙。同理地，第二极耳12也经过了揉平处理或填充导电材料，以减小第二极耳12的极耳层间的缝隙。然而，极耳的端面有时存在不平整的情况，这导致极耳和端盖焊接时容易出现虚焊的问题，对电池单体102的过流能力产生不良影响。本实施 例中，端盖通过第一限位部2321抵接于第一极耳11实现电连接，第一限位部2321能够进一步压实第一极耳11，缓解由于第一极耳11的表面不平整导致的过流不良的情况，而且还无需焊接，装配效率高。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请再参照图5所示，侧壁232上形成有从侧壁232的外周面向内凹陷的凹部，并在侧壁232与凹部相对应的位置形成凸出于侧壁232的内周壁的第一限位部2321，凹部与第一限位部2321均为环形结构。
换言之，侧壁232受力弯折变形，以在侧壁232背离电池单体102内部的一侧形成凹部，并在侧壁232面向电池单体102内部的一侧形成凸起，凹部和凸起的位置对应。其中，凹部为沿侧壁232的周向延伸的环形凹槽，凸起为沿侧壁232的周向延伸的环形凸起，环形凸起作为第一限位部2321。
电池100单体装配时，侧壁232上先不形成第一限位部2321，电极组件1装入壳体23后，再通过辊压加工的方式在侧壁232上形成第一限位部2321，第一限位部2321不会阻碍电极组件1装配于壳体23，且能够保证电极组件1及其第一极耳11和第二极耳12被进一步压紧，以免电极组件1与底壁231、第一限位部2321之间出现间隙，使得电池单体102的结构更紧凑，过流能力更好。
环形的第一限位部2321在电极组件1的整个周向上都能够抵接于第一极耳11，过流能力较高。
在设有多个集流臂51的实施例中，相对非环形的形状，通过设置环形的第一限位部2321，无需考虑多个集流臂51的装配位置，多个集流臂51在第一极耳11的端面上的任意位置都能够与环形的第一限位部2321抵接，装配方便。第一限位部2321和多个集流臂51配合，不仅能够方便装配，压实第一极耳11并避免虚焊，还使得第一极耳11的靠内圈层至靠外圈层均形成有过流位置，有效避免极化，电池单体102的充放电能力较高。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请再参照图5所示，第二限位部2322为侧壁232在开口位置向内翻折的翻边结构。
第二限位部2322为侧壁232在开口位置向内翻折的翻边结构，即第二限位部2322为侧壁232的一部分，以使第二限位部2322能够稳定地在端盖背离电极组件1的一侧对端盖进行限位。
并且，第二限位部2322为侧壁232的一部分，也能减少侧壁232的连接关系，从而提高侧壁232的结构强度。
在一些实施例中，第二限位部2322可以是环形结构，以使第二限位部2322能够在周向的任意位置限制端盖沿背离电极组件1的方向移动。
在一些实施例中，第二限位部2322和端盖的本体部211可共同作为第一电极引出部21，以连接外部汇流部件。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图12和图13所示，电池单体102还包括第二绝缘件7，第二绝缘件7位于壳体23和电极组件1之间，以绝缘隔离壳体23和第二极耳12。
如图13所示，第二绝缘件7包括相连的两部分，第一部分71位于第二极耳12和底壁231之间，第二部分72位于侧壁232和电极组件1之间，以使第二极耳12面向底壁231的部分和第二极耳12面向侧壁232的部分都被隔离，保证绝缘效果。
在一些实施例中，第二绝缘件7的第一部分71和第二部分72采用绝缘材料预先定型后装配于电极组件1。在另一些实施例中，如图12所示，第二绝缘件7为环形的绝缘膜，装配时，第一部分71套设于电极组件1的外周面后，第二部分72向内折叠以覆盖第二极耳12。可选地，第二绝缘件7为热缩膜，第一部分71套设于电极组件1的外周面后，加热第二部分72，以使第二部分72的直径逐渐缩小，从而覆盖在第二极耳12上。
通过设置第二绝缘件7，有效防止壳体23和第二极耳12搭接，防止短路，提高电池单体102的安全性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请再结合图5和图12所示，电池单体102还包括第三绝缘件8，第三绝缘件8位于第一极耳11和第二电极引出部22之间，以绝缘隔离第一极耳11和第二电极引出部22。
第三绝缘件8为盘状结构的绝缘部件。第三绝缘件8覆盖第二电极引出部22面向电极组件1的一端的端面，第三绝缘件8的边缘朝向端盖翻折并抵接第四绝缘件9，以完全覆盖第二电极引出部22位于电池单体102的内部的部分。第三绝缘件8还设有沿轴向贯穿的避让口，以便转接件3能够穿过避让口连接第二电极引出部22。
通过设置第三绝缘件，防止第一极耳11和第二电极引出部22搭接，防止短路，提高电池100的安全性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请再结合图4、图5和图12所示，第二电极引出部22设有注液孔221，转接件3内形成有用于容许电解液流通的流道31，流道31的一端与注液孔221相对。
如图5和图12所示，注液孔221贯穿第二电极引出部22，第二电极引出部22设有密封件222，密封件222用于封闭注液孔221位于电池单体102的外部的一端。
流道31形成在转接件3的内部，流道31的一端与注液孔221相对，使得电解液能够从注液孔221注入并经流道31进入电池单体102内，如图4所示，流道31沿轴向贯穿转接件3，使得电解液能够由下至上充满电池单体102内部。
通过在第二电极引出部设置注液孔221，在转接件3内形成流道31，转接件3兼具导电功能和注液功能，使得电池单体102能够实现开口化成，降低电池100的内压，提高电池100的安全性。开口化成是指电池单体102注液后，在未完全密封的情况下进行首次充放电。本实施例中电池单体102化成后再将密封件222连接于第二电极引出部22，从而实现开口化成。
在一些实施例中，电池单体102还包括泄压机构(图中未示出)，泄压机构被配置为在电池单体102的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放电池单体102的内部压力，泄压机构设置于底壁231并与流道31远离第二电极引出部22的一端相对。当电池单体102热失控时，能够通过流道31向外散热、泄压，提高电池100的安全性。泄压机构可以采用诸如防爆阀、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等的形式，并可以具体采用压敏或温敏的元件或构造，即，当电池单体102的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时，泄压机构执行动作或者泄压机构中设有的薄弱结构被破坏，从而形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的开口或通道。本申请中所提到的“致动”是指泄压机构产生动作或被激活至一定的状态，从而使得电池单体102的内部压力及温度得以被泄放。泄压机构产生的动作可以包括但不限于：泄压机构中的至少一部分破裂、破碎、被撕裂或者打开，等等。泄压机构在致动时，电池单体102的内部的高温高压物质作为排放物会从致动的部位向外排出。以此方式能够在可控压力或温度的情况下使电池单体102发生泄压及泄温，从而避免潜在的更严重的事故发生。本申请中所提到的来自电池单体102的排放物包括但不限于：电解液、被溶解或分裂的正负极极片、隔离膜的碎片、反应产生的高温高压气体、火焰等等。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请再结合图12和图13所示，电池单体102还包括第二集流件32，第二集流件32覆盖于第二极耳12，第二电极引出部22和第二极耳12通过第二集流件32电连接。
第二集流件为盘状结构的导电件，第二集流件32覆盖电极组件1的第二极耳12，转接件3的一端连接第二集流件32、另一端连接第二电极引出部22。第二集流件32与第二极耳12的连接方式可以是接触导电、通过导电胶粘结或焊接。第二集流件32与转接件3的连接方式可以是接触导电、通过导电胶粘结或焊接。本实施例中，第二集流件32与转接件3一体成型，当转接件3穿设于卷绕中心孔13后，第二集流件32覆盖并抵接第二极耳12。
第二集流件32相比第二极耳12不易变形，通过设置第二集流件32，便于连接，而且第二集流件32能够覆盖第二极耳12的较多面积，提高过流能力，防止出现极化问题。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池100，如图2所示，电池100包括至少一个以上各方案中所述的电池单体102。本申请实施例提供的电池100，其电池单体102不容易热失控，即使热 失控也不容易燃爆，热失控到燃爆的时间较长，能够降低燃爆的危害，电池100安全性好。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种用电设备，用电设备可以是但不限于是图1所示的车辆1000，用电设备包括上述的电池100。用电设备的电池100安全性好，用电设备不容易出现燃爆风险。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体102的制造方法，如图14所示，制造方法包括：
S101、提供电极组件1，电极组件1包括极性相反的第一极耳11和第二极耳12，第一极耳11和第二极耳12分别位于电极组件1的两端，电极组件1具有卷绕中心孔13；
S102、提供外壳组件2，外壳组件2包括用于输入或输出电能的第一电极引出部21和第二电极引出部22，第一电极引出部21和第二电极引出部22均设于外壳组件2的同一侧；
S103、提供转接件3；
S104、提供吸热层4；
S201、将吸热层4设置于转接件3的外周面；
S202、将设有吸热层4的转接件3穿设于卷绕中心孔13，将电极组件1、吸热层4和转接件3放入外壳组件2的内部，使第一极耳11靠近外壳组件2设有第一电极引出部21和第二电极引出部22的一侧，并使第一电极引出部21与第一极耳11电连接，且使转接件3的一端连接第二极耳12、转接件3的另一端连接第二电极引出部22，以实现第二极耳12与第二电极引出部22的电连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图15所示，制造方法还包括：
S105、提供套筒5；
在步骤S201中，将吸热层4设置于转接件3的外周面包括：将套筒5套设于转接件3，将吸热层4设置于套筒5的内周面和转接件3的外周面之间，通过吸热层4粘接固定套筒5和转接件3。
例如，将套筒5套设于转接件3，并将胶质基体和吸热材料的混合物填充至套筒5和转接件3之间，以将套筒5和转接件3粘接固定为一体，并起到绝缘隔离和吸热隔热的作用。
在转接件3穿设于卷绕中心孔13的过程中，套筒5保护吸热层4免于被剐蹭，保证吸热层4均匀覆盖转接件3，保证较好的吸热效果。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图16所示，套筒5一体连接有第一集流件，第一集流件包括多个集流臂51，多个集流臂51绕套筒5的周向布置，每个集流臂51的一端连接于套筒5，每个集流臂51和套筒5之间形成有折痕52。
步骤S202中，将吸热层4和转接件3穿设于卷绕中心孔13还包括：结合图17和图18所示，沿折痕52将每个集流臂51向外翻折，以使每个集流臂51的另一端沿套筒5的径向延伸并抵接于第一极耳11。
步骤S202中，使第一电极引出部21与第一极耳11电连接包括：第一电极引出部21抵接于多个集流臂51，以实现第一电极引出部21与第二极耳12电连接。
需要说明的是，通过上述电池单体102的制造方法制造出的电池单体102的相关结构，可参见上述各实施例提供的电池单体102。
在基于上述的电池单体102的制造方法组装电池单体102时，不必按照上述步骤依次进行，也就是说，可以按照实施例中提及的顺序执行步骤，也可以不同于实施例中提及的顺序执行步骤，或者若干步骤同时执行。例如，步骤S101、S102、S103、S104、S105、S201、S202的执行不分先后，也可以同时进行。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体102的制造设备2000，如图19所示，制造设备 2000包括第一提供装置2100、第二提供装置2200、第三提供装置2300、第一组装装置2600和第二组装装置2700。
第一提供装置2100用于提供电极组件1，电极组件1包括极性相反的第一极耳11和第二极耳12，第一极耳11和第二极耳12分别位于电极组件1的两端，电极组件1具有卷绕中心孔13。
第二提供装置2200用于提供外壳组件2，外壳组件2包括用于输入或输出电能的第一电极引出部21和第二电极引出部22，第一电极引出部21和第二电极引出部22均设于外壳组件2的同一侧。
第三提供装置2300用于提供转接件3。
第四提供装置2400用于提供吸热层4。
第一组装装置2600用于将吸热层4设置于转接件3的外周面。
第二组装装置2700用于将设有吸热层4的转接件3穿设于卷绕中心孔13，将电极组件1、吸热层4和转接件3放入外壳组件2的内部，使第一极耳11靠近外壳组件2设有第一电极引出部21和第二电极引出部22的一侧，并使第一电极引出部21与第一极耳11电连接，且使转接件3的一端连接第二极耳12、转接件3的另一端连接第二电极引出部22，以实现第二极耳12与第二电极引出部22的电连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，制造设备2000还包括第五提供装置2500，第五提供装置2500用于提供套筒5。
第一组装装置2600包括第一子部件2610和第二子部件2620，第一子部件2610用于将套筒5套设于转接件3，第二子部件2620用于将吸热层4设置于套筒5的内周面和转接件3的外周面之间，以通过吸热层4粘接固定套筒5和转接件3。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第五提供装置2500提供的套筒5，其一体连接有第一集流件，第一集流件包括多个集流臂51，多个集流臂51绕套筒5的周向布置，每个集流臂51的一端连接于套筒5，每个集流臂51和套筒5之间形成有折痕52。
第二组装装置2700包括第三子部件2710和第四子部件2720，第三子部件2710用于沿折痕52将每个集流臂51向外翻折，以使每个集流臂51的另一端沿套筒5的径向延伸并抵接于第一极耳11；第四子部件2720用于使第一电极引出部21抵接于多个集流臂51，以实现第一电极引出部21与第二极耳12电连接。
通过上述制造设备2000制造出的电池单体102的相关结构，可参见上述各实施例提供的电池单体102。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图3-图13所示，本申请实施例提供一种圆柱形的电池单体102，电池单体102包括外壳组件2、电极组件1、转接件3、吸热层4和套筒5。外壳组件2包括壳体23和端盖。壳体23包括底壁231和侧壁232。侧壁232围设于底壁231，底壁231连接于侧壁232的一端，侧壁232的另一端形成开口，端盖覆盖开口，端盖作为电池单体102的第一电极引出部21。端盖包括本体部211和边缘部212，电池单体102的第二电极引出部22为绝缘安装于端盖的本体部211的电极端子。因此，第一电极引出部21和第二电极引出部22均位于外壳组件2的同一侧。电极组件1、转接件3、吸热层4和套筒5均设置在外壳组件2内。电极组件1面向端盖的一端形成第一极耳11、背离端盖的一端形成第二极耳12，电极组件1具有延伸至两端的卷绕中心孔13。套筒5套设于转接件3，吸热层4设置在套筒5的内周面和转接件3的外周面之间，吸热层4将转接件3和套筒5粘结为一体，并绝缘隔离转接件3和套筒5。转接件3设置在卷绕中心孔13内，转接件3的一端连接第二极耳12、另一端伸出套筒5以连接第二电极引出部22。电池单体102还包括第一集流件，第一集流件包括多个集流臂51，多个集流臂51绕套筒5的周向布置，每个集流臂51的一端连接于套筒5，另一端沿套筒5的径向延伸。多个集流臂51均抵接于第一极耳11。侧壁232的内周面设置第一限位部2321和第二限位部2322，第一限位部2321抵接多个集 流臂51，第一限位部2321背离第一极耳11的一面与第二限位部2322配合夹持端盖的边缘部212，端盖通过第一限位部2321和多个集流臂51与第一极耳11电连接。为便于注液和开口化成，第二电极引出部22设有注液孔221，转接件3为筒状结构，转接件3的内部空间形成流道31，流道31的一端对准注液孔221。本申请实施例提供的圆柱电池单体102，通过转接件3注液和导电，实现开口化成，降低电池单体102的内压，转接件3过流产生的热量能够被吸热层4吸收，以免导致电极组件1的温度急剧升高，从而缓解转接件3过流导致电池单体102热失控的问题。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (26)

  1. 一种电池单体，其中，包括：
    电极组件，包括极性相反的第一极耳和第二极耳，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳分别位于所述电极组件的两端，所述电极组件具有卷绕中心孔；
    外壳组件，包括用于输入或输出电能的第一电极引出部和第二电极引出部，所述外壳组件的内部设有所述电极组件，所述第一电极引出部和所述第二电极引出部均设于所述外壳组件靠近所述第一极耳的一侧，所述第一电极引出部与所述第一极耳电连接；
    转接件，穿设于所述卷绕中心孔，所述转接件的一端连接所述第二极耳，所述转接件的另一端连接所述第二电极引出部，以实现所述第二极耳与所述第二电极引出部的电连接；
    吸热层，位于所述卷绕中心孔内且设置于所述转接件的外周面，用于吸收所述转接件的热量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述吸热层为胶状基体和吸热材料的混合物。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述吸热材料包括无机盐类吸热材料。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括：
    套筒，所述套筒设置于所述卷绕中心孔内且套设于所述转接件，所述吸热层设置在所述套筒的内周面和所述转接件的外周面之间，所述套筒和所述转接件通过所述吸热层粘接固定。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体，其中，所述吸热层绝缘隔离所述套筒和所述转接件。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括第一集流件，所述第一集流件覆盖于所述第一极耳，所述第一电极引出部和所述第一极耳通过所述第一集流件电连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一集流件包括多个集流臂，所述多个集流臂绕所述套筒的周向布置，每个所述集流臂的一端连接于所述套筒，另一端沿所述套筒的径向延伸。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其中，所述的多个集流臂与所述套筒一体成型。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，每个所述集流臂和所述套筒之间形成有折痕。
  10. 根据权利要求4-9任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括：
    第一绝缘件，位于所述套筒的外周面和所述卷绕中心孔的内壁之间，以绝缘隔离所述电极组件和所述套筒。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳组件包括壳体和端盖，所述壳体包括底壁和侧壁，所述侧壁围设于所述底壁，所述底壁连接于所述侧壁的一端，所述侧壁的另一端形成开口，所述端盖覆盖所述开口，所述第一电极引出部为所述端盖，所述第二电极引出部绝缘安装于所述端盖。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池单体，其中，所述端盖包括本体部和边缘部，所述边缘部围绕所述本体部，所述第二电极引出部绝缘安装于所述本体部；
    所述侧壁的内周面形成有沿所述电池单体的高度方向相对的第一限位部和第二限位部，所述第一限位部和所述第二限位部配合以夹持所述边缘部，所述第一限位部相对所述第二限位部靠近所述电极组件，所述第一限位部抵接于所述第一极耳，以实现所述端盖和所述第一极耳电连接。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池单体，其中，所述侧壁上形成有从所述侧壁的外周面向内凹陷的凹部，并在所述侧壁与所述凹部相对应的位置形成凸出于所述侧壁的内周壁的所述第一限位部，所述凹部与所述第一限位部均为环形结构。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二限位部为所述侧壁在所述开口位置向内翻折的翻边结构。
  15. 根据权利要求11-14任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括：
    第二绝缘件，位于所述壳体和所述电极组件之间，以绝缘隔离所述壳体和所述第二极耳。
  16. 根据权利要求11-15任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括：
    第三绝缘件，位于所述第一极耳和所述第二电极引出部之间，以绝缘隔离所述第一极耳和所述第二电极引出部。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二电极引出部设有注液孔，所述转接件内形成有用于容许电解液流通的流道，所述流道的一端与所述注液孔相对。
  18. 根据权利要求1-17任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括：
    第二集流件，所述第二集流件覆盖于所述第二极耳，所述第二电极引出部和所述第二极耳通过 所述第二集流件电连接。
  19. 一种电池，其中，所述电池包括权利要求1-18任一项所述的电池单体。
  20. 一种用电设备，其中，所述用电设备包括权利要求19所述的电池。
  21. 一种电池单体的制造方法，其中，包括：
    提供电极组件，所述电极组件包括极性相反的第一极耳和第二极耳，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳分别位于所述电极组件的两端，所述电极组件具有卷绕中心孔；
    提供外壳组件，所述外壳组件包括用于输入或输出电能的第一电极引出部和第二电极引出部，所述第一电极引出部和所述第二电极引出部均设于所述外壳组件的同一侧；
    提供转接件；
    提供吸热层；
    将所述吸热层设置于所述转接件的外周面；
    将设有所述吸热层的所述转接件穿设于所述卷绕中心孔，将所述电极组件、所述吸热层和所述转接件放入所述外壳组件的内部，使第一极耳靠近所述外壳组件设有所述第一电极引出部和所述第二电极引出部的一侧，并使所述第一电极引出部与所述第一极耳电连接，且使所述转接件的一端连接所述第二极耳、所述转接件的另一端连接所述第二电极引出部，以实现所述第二极耳与所述第二电极引出部的电连接。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的电池单体的制造方法，其中，所述制造方法还包括：
    提供套筒；
    所述将所述吸热层设置于所述转接件的外周面包括：将所述套筒套设于所述转接件，将所述吸热层设置于所述套筒的内周面和所述转接件的外周面之间，通过所述吸热层粘接固定所述套筒和所述转接件。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的电池单体的制造方法，其中，所述制造方法还包括：
    所述套筒一体连接有第一集流件，所述第一集流件包括多个集流臂，所述多个集流臂绕所述套筒的周向布置，每个所述集流臂的一端连接于所述套筒，每个所述集流臂和所述套筒之间形成有折痕；
    所述将所述吸热层和所述转接件穿设于所述卷绕中心孔还包括：沿所述折痕将每个所述集流臂向外翻折，以使每个所述集流臂的另一端沿所述套筒的径向延伸并抵接于所述第一极耳；
    所述使所述第一电极引出部与所述第一极耳电连接包括：所述第一电极引出部抵接于所述多个集流臂，以实现所述第一电极引出部与所述第二极耳电连接。
  24. 一种电池单体的制造设备，其中，包括：
    第一提供装置，用于提供电极组件，所述电极组件包括极性相反的第一极耳和第二极耳，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳分别位于所述电极组件的两端，所述电极组件具有卷绕中心孔；
    第二提供装置，用于提供外壳组件，所述外壳组件包括用于输入或输出电能的第一电极引出部和第二电极引出部，所述第一电极引出部和所述第二电极引出部均设于所述外壳组件的同一侧；
    第三提供装置，用于提供转接件；
    第四提供装置，用于提供吸热层；
    第一组装装置，用于将所述吸热层设置于所述转接件的外周面；
    第二组装装置，用于将设有所述吸热层的所述转接件穿设于所述卷绕中心孔，将所述电极组件、所述吸热层和所述转接件放入所述外壳组件的内部，使第一极耳靠近所述外壳组件设有所述第一电极引出部和所述第二电极引出部的一侧，并使所述第一电极引出部与所述第一极耳电连接，且使所述转接件的一端连接所述第二极耳、所述转接件的另一端连接所述第二电极引出部，以实现所述第二极耳与所述第二电极引出部的电连接。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的电池单体的制造设备，其中，所述制造设备还包括：
    第五提供装置，用于提供套筒；
    所述第一组装装置包括第一子部件和第二子部件，所述第一子部件用于将所述套筒套设于所述转接件，所述第二子部件用于将所述吸热层设置于所述套筒的内周面和所述转接件的外周面之间，以通过所述吸热层粘接固定所述套筒和所述转接件。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的电池单体的制造设备，其中，所述套筒一体连接有第一集流件，所述第一集流件包括多个集流臂，所述多个集流臂绕所述套筒的周向布置，每个所述集流臂的一端连接于所述套筒，每个所述集流臂和所述套筒之间形成有折痕；
    所述第二组装装置包括第三子部件和第四子部件，所述第三子部件用于沿所述折痕将每个所述集流臂向外翻折，以使每个所述集流臂的另一端沿所述套筒的径向延伸并抵接于所述第一极耳；所述第四子部件用于使所述第一电极引出部抵接于所述多个集流臂，以实现所述第一电极引出部与所述第二极耳电连接。
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