WO2023141784A1 - 电池单体、电池、用电设备、电池单体的制造方法及设备 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池、用电设备、电池单体的制造方法及设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023141784A1
WO2023141784A1 PCT/CN2022/073883 CN2022073883W WO2023141784A1 WO 2023141784 A1 WO2023141784 A1 WO 2023141784A1 CN 2022073883 W CN2022073883 W CN 2022073883W WO 2023141784 A1 WO2023141784 A1 WO 2023141784A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
movable part
wall
battery
fixed part
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/073883
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李冠洲
苗思宇
汪志明
黄彩虾
唐鸣浩
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP22922635.2A priority Critical patent/EP4318789A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2022/073883 priority patent/WO2023141784A1/zh
Priority to CN202280027230.XA priority patent/CN117178427A/zh
Publication of WO2023141784A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023141784A1/zh
Priority to US18/502,957 priority patent/US20240072393A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0404—Machines for assembling batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/184—Sealing members characterised by their shape or structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H01M50/188—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members the sealing members being arranged between the lid and terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/325—Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
    • H01M50/333—Spring-loaded vent valves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/367—Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or case; Double cover vent systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/578—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to pressure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, in particular to a battery cell, a battery, an electrical device, and a method and device for manufacturing the battery cell.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, a battery, an electrical device, and a method and device for manufacturing the battery cell.
  • the battery cell has a long service life.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, including: a casing including a first wall; an electrode assembly disposed inside the casing; a terminal assembly including an electrode terminal and an elastic member, the electrode terminal including a A fixed part electrically connected to the electrode assembly and a movable part used to electrically connect to the current-flow component, the fixed part is fixedly arranged on the first wall, and the movable part is movably arranged on the first wall,
  • the movable part has a first position in contact with the fixed part and a second position separated from the fixed part, and the elastic member is used to apply elastic force to the movable part to keep the movable part in the the first position; wherein the movable part is configured to overcome the elastic force and move from the first position to the second position when the internal pressure of the battery cell reaches a threshold value, so as to release the the internal pressure.
  • the movable part and the fixed part are integrally arranged, and the movable part is movably arranged on the first wall.
  • the gas generated by the electrochemical reaction of the electrode assembly makes the battery cell
  • the internal pressure of the body increases, and the high-pressure gas can drive the movable part to overcome the elastic force applied by the elastic member to the movable part to move from the first position to the second position, so that the movable part is separated from the fixed part, and at the same time, the inside of the battery cell is discharged
  • the connection between the battery cell and the external circuit is cut off; when the internal pressure of the battery cell drops to less than the elastic force applied by the elastic member to the movable part, the movable part will move towards the first part under the action of the elastic force of the elastic member.
  • the position moves.
  • the movable part is in the first position, the movable part is electrically connected to the fixed part, so that the battery cell continues to work, which improves the safety and utilization of the battery cell, thereby prolonging the service life of the battery cell.
  • the battery formed by the battery cells has a longer service life.
  • the fixed part is insulated from the first wall
  • the movable part is insulated from the first wall when it is in the first position
  • the movable part is in the second position. electrically conductive when in contact with the first wall.
  • the movable part when the movable part is in the second position, it is in contact with the first wall to conduct electricity, so as to facilitate the short circuit of the battery cells, and the circuit of the battery formed by the battery cells is in a connected state, which does not affect the normal operation of the battery.
  • the terminal assembly further includes: an insulator fixed to the first wall; wherein, the fixed part is fixedly arranged on the insulator, and the movable part is movably arranged on the insulator. the insulation.
  • the insulating part is the installation base of the fixed part and the movable part, which facilitates the assembly of the fixed part and the movable part, and the fixed part and the movable part can be insulated from the first wall through the insulating part.
  • an installation hole is provided on the first wall, and the insulating member is arranged in the installation hole.
  • the insulator includes a cylindrical body, the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body is connected to the hole wall of the installation hole, and the movable part is movably arranged on the cylindrical body along the axial direction of the cylindrical body.
  • the fixed part is fixed in the cylindrical body and is sealed with the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body. Along the axial direction of the cylindrical body, the fixed part is located at the movable part close to the battery One side of the interior of the monomer.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder is connected with the hole wall of the installation hole to ensure that the insulator has a larger contact area with the first wall, and there is a space for the movable part in the cylinder; the movable part and the inner surface of the cylinder
  • the sealing fit of the surrounding surface is convenient for the gas inside the battery cell to push the movable part to move along the axial direction of the cylinder body when the battery cell is thermally out of control.
  • the cylinder includes a side wall and a bottom wall, the side wall surrounds the bottom wall, the fixed part passes through the bottom wall, and the movable part and the bottom wall The inner peripheral surface of the side wall is sealed and fit, a first chamber is formed between the movable part and the bottom wall, and the bottom wall or the fixed part is provided with a device for communicating with the inside of the battery cell and the The first through hole of the first chamber.
  • the movable part is sealed with the inner peripheral surface of the side wall, and a first chamber is formed between the bottom wall and the movable part, and the first chamber communicates with the inside of the battery cell, so that the gas inside the battery cell can enter easily.
  • the first chamber is used to push the movable part to move, so that the movable part can move to the second position, and realize the separation of the movable part and the fixed part.
  • a gas-permeable film is provided at the first through hole.
  • the gas-permeable membrane has the functions of ventilating, blocking dust and liquid, and can restrict the electrolyte from entering the first chamber, avoiding the influence of the electrolyte on the movement of the movable part relative to the cylinder, so as to ensure the movement of the movable part relative to the cylinder Flexible and stable.
  • the insulator further includes a top cover, the top cover covers an end of the barrel away from the interior of the battery cell, the movable part includes a piston and a piston rod, the The piston is movably arranged in the cylinder and is in sealing fit with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder, one end of the piston rod is connected to the piston, and the other end passes through the top cover for connecting to the confluence part.
  • the top cover covers the end of the cylinder away from the interior of the battery cell, which can protect the piston and prevent impurities from entering the cylinder and affecting the sliding fit between the piston and the cylinder.
  • the elastic member is sheathed on the piston rod, one end of the elastic member abuts against the piston, and the other end abuts against the top cover.
  • the elastic member is sleeved on the piston rod to ensure that the elastic force exerted by the elastic member on the movement is balanced and the piston moves stably relative to the cylinder.
  • the battery cell further includes: a pressure relief channel, one end of which extends to the inner peripheral surface of the barrel; when the movable part is in the first position , the movable part closes one end of the pressure relief passage, so that the pressure relief passage is disconnected from the inside of the battery cell; when the movable part is in the second position, the movable part One end of the pressure relief passage is opened, so that the pressure relief passage communicates with the inside of the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief channel connects the internal and external environment of the battery cell, when the movable part moves toward the second position, the pressure relief channel is gradually opened, and the pressure inside the battery cell is released through the pressure relief channel, Realize the pressure relief action of the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief channel includes a first section and a second section communicated with each other, the first section is disposed on the barrel, and the second section is disposed on the first wall.
  • the first section is arranged on the cylinder body, and the second section is arranged on the first wall, and the first section communicates with the second section to realize the pressure relief passage connecting the first chamber and the external environment, so that the battery cell The pressure inside the body is released to the external environment.
  • a second through hole is provided on the side wall, and a protrusion is formed on the hole wall of the installation hole, and the protrusion extends into the second through hole.
  • the movable part when the movable part is in the second position, the movable part is electrically connected to the first wall; in a battery composed of multiple battery cells, if a certain battery cell is thermally out of control, the movable part of the battery cell is in the second position. In the second position, the movable part of the battery cell conducts electricity with the first wall to realize the internal short circuit of the battery cell, while the circuit of the entire battery maintains a path, and the battery cell has little influence on the entire battery, ensuring the normal operation of the battery Work.
  • the number of the terminal assemblies is two, and the polarities of the electrode terminals of the two terminal assemblies are opposite.
  • the number of terminal assemblies is two and the polarities are opposite.
  • the movable part moves to the second position, which can release the pressure inside the battery cell in time; when the movable part is in the second position
  • the battery cell can realize internal short circuit, and in the battery composed of a plurality of battery cells, the circuit of the whole battery can maintain a path , to ensure that the battery can work normally.
  • the housing includes a housing and an end cover, the housing has an opening, the end cover is used to cover the opening, and the first wall is the end cover.
  • the first wall is an end cover, and the end cover and the casing are arranged separately, which is convenient for processing and manufacturing, and facilitates the assembly of the battery cells.
  • the present application provides a battery, which includes the battery cell described in any one of the above embodiments.
  • the present application provides an electric device, which includes the battery described in any one of the above embodiments.
  • the present application provides a method for manufacturing a battery cell, which includes: providing a casing, the casing including a first wall; providing an electrode assembly; providing a terminal assembly, the terminal assembly including an electrode terminal and an elastic member,
  • the electrode terminal includes a fixed part and a movable part; the electrode assembly is arranged in the casing; the fixed part is fixed on the first wall, and the fixed part is electrically connected to the electrode assembly;
  • the movable part is movably arranged on the first wall, so that the movable part has a first position in contact with the fixed part and a second position separated from the fixed part; to apply an elastic force to the movable part to keep the movable part at the first position; the movable part is configured to overcome the elastic force from the first position when the internal pressure of the battery cell reaches a threshold The first position is moved toward the second position to release the internal pressure.
  • the present application provides a battery cell manufacturing equipment, which includes: providing a module for providing a casing, providing an electrode assembly, and providing a terminal assembly, the casing includes a first wall, and the terminal assembly includes an electrode Terminal and elastic member, the electrode terminal includes a fixed part and a movable part; an assembly module is used to arrange the electrode assembly in the housing, fix the fixed part to the first wall, and install the The fixed part is electrically connected with the electrode assembly, and the movable part is movably arranged on the first wall, so that the movable part has a first position in contact with the fixed part and is in contact with the fixed part
  • the elastic member is used to apply an elastic force to the movable part to keep the movable part at the first position, and the movable part is configured to be inside the battery cell and moving from the first position to the second position against the elastic force when the pressure reaches a threshold to release the internal pressure.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a terminal assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a state in which the movable part is in the first position provided by some embodiments of the present application;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a state in which the movable part is in the second position provided by some embodiments of the present application;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an insulating member provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic block diagram of a battery cell manufacturing equipment provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Marking description 100-battery; 101-box; 1011-first part; 1012-second part; 1-battery unit; 11-shell; 111-housing; 112-first wall; -protrusion; 12-electrode assembly; 13-electrode terminal; 131-fixed part; 132-movable part; 1321-piston; 1322-piston rod; 133-insulator; 1334-first through hole; 1335-top cover; 1336-second chamber; 1337-second through hole; 14-connecting member; 15-elastic piece; 16-breathable membrane; 17-pressure relief Channel; 171-first segment; 172-second segment; 200-controller; 300-motor; 1000-vehicle.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it may be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it may be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application in specific situations.
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, etc.
  • Batteries generally include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative plates.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the current collector without the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive pole tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the diaphragm can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • the battery cell also includes an electrode terminal, which is electrically connected to the electrode assembly, so as to export or import electric energy of the battery cell.
  • the battery cell also includes a pressure relief structure disposed on the housing.
  • the pressure relief structure refers to an element or component that is activated to release the internal pressure or temperature when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold.
  • the battery includes a plurality of battery cells that are electrically connected through a bus member to form an electric circuit.
  • the battery cell is usually provided with a pressure relief part, which is used to activate when the battery cell is thermally runaway, so as to release the pressure or temperature inside the battery cell.
  • some pressure relief parts can only release the pressure but cannot cut off the circuit connected to multiple battery cells, and some pressure relief parts also disconnect the circuit while releasing the pressure. Deformation occurs, but the deformation is irreversible.
  • the battery cell is damaged due to the deformation of the pressure relief part and cannot be used any longer, which makes the utilization rate of the battery cell low and affects the service life of the battery cell, which in turn affects the service life of the battery. .
  • the inventor has designed a battery cell after in-depth research, the battery cell includes a casing, an electrode assembly and a terminal assembly, the casing includes a first wall, the electrode assembly is set In the housing, the terminal assembly includes an electrode terminal and an elastic member.
  • the electrode terminal includes a fixed part for electrical connection with the electrode assembly and a movable part for electrical connection with the bus part.
  • the fixed part is fixed on the first wall, and the movable part can be The movable part has a first position in contact with the fixed part and a second position separated from the fixed part, and the elastic member is used to apply elastic force to the movable part to keep the movable part in the first position.
  • the movable part is configured to move from the first position to the second position against the elastic force when the internal pressure of the battery cell reaches a threshold value, so as to release the internal pressure.
  • the movable part and the fixed part are integrally arranged, and the movable part is movably arranged on the first wall.
  • the gas generated by the thermochemical reaction of the electrode assembly makes the battery cell
  • the internal pressure rises, and the high-pressure gas can drive the movable part to overcome the elastic force applied by the elastic member to the movable part to move from the first position to the second position, so that the movable part is separated from the fixed part, and at the same time, the internal pressure of the battery cell is released.
  • the connection between the battery cell and the external circuit is cut off; when the internal pressure of the battery cell drops below the elastic force applied by the elastic member to the movable part, the movable part moves toward the first position under the action of the elastic force of the elastic member , when the movable part is in the first position, the movable part is electrically connected to the fixed part, so that the battery cell continues to work, improving the safety and utilization of the battery cell, thereby prolonging the service life of the battery cell, making the battery Batteries made of single cells have a long service life.
  • the battery cells disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used, but not limited, in electrical equipment such as vehicles, ships, or aircrafts.
  • the power supply system of the electrical equipment can be composed of the battery cells and batteries disclosed in this application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electric device that uses a battery as a power source.
  • the electric device can be, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, an electric bicycle, an electric motorcycle, an electric car, a ship, Spacecraft and more.
  • electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • a vehicle 1000 as an electric device according to an embodiment of the present application is taken as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with a battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 , used for the circuit system of the vehicle 1000 , for example, used for starting, navigating, and operating power requirements of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and running the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery 100 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 101 and a battery cell 1 , and the battery cell 1 is housed in the case 101 .
  • the box body 101 is used to provide accommodating space for the battery cell 1 , and the box body 101 can adopt various structures.
  • the box body 101 may include a first part 1011 and a second part 1012, the first part 1011 and the second part 1012 cover each other, the first part 1011 and the second part 1012 jointly define a of accommodation space.
  • the second part 1012 can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first part 1011 can be a plate-shaped structure, and the first part 1011 covers the opening side of the second part 1012, so that the first part 1011 and the second part 1012 jointly define an accommodation space ;
  • the first part 1011 and the second part 1012 can also be hollow structures with one side opening, and the opening side of the first part 1011 is covered by the opening side of the second part 1012 .
  • the battery 100 there may be multiple battery cells 1, and the multiple battery cells 1 may be connected in series or in parallel or mixed.
  • a plurality of battery cells 1 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole of the plurality of battery cells 1 is housed in the box 101; of course, the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells 1
  • the battery modules are firstly connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a whole and accommodated in the box 101 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a current flow component for realizing electrical connection between multiple battery cells 1 .
  • each battery cell 1 can be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it can also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 1 provided in the embodiment of the present application is in the shape of a cube.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell 1 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 1 refers to the smallest unit constituting the battery 100 .
  • the battery cell 1 includes a casing 11 , an electrode assembly 12 , a terminal assembly, a connecting member 14 and other functional components.
  • the casing 11 is a component used to form the internal environment of the battery cell 1 , and the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 12 , electrolyte and other components.
  • the casing 11 may include a housing 111 and an end cover 112.
  • the housing 111 and the end cover 112 may be independent parts, or an opening may be provided on the housing 111, and the end cover 112 may cover the opening at the opening to form a battery cell.
  • the end cover 112 and the housing 111 can also be integrated. Specifically, the end cover 112 and the housing 111 can form a common connection surface before other components are inserted into the housing.
  • the housing 111 may be in the shape of a cuboid. Specifically, the shape of the casing 111 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 12 .
  • the housing 111 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which are not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the end cover 112 refers to a component that covers the opening of the casing 111 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 1 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap 112 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 111 to fit the housing 111 .
  • the end cap 112 can be made of a material (such as aluminum alloy) with a certain hardness and strength, so that the end cap 112 is not easily deformed when being squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 1 can have a higher Structural strength and safety performance can also be improved.
  • Functional components such as electrode terminals 13 may be provided on the end cap 112 .
  • the electrode terminal 13 can be used to electrically connect with the electrode assembly 12 for outputting or inputting electric energy of the battery cell 1 .
  • the end cover 112 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 1 reaches a threshold value.
  • the material of the end cap 112 may also be various, for example, copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • an insulator can be provided inside the end cover 112 , and the insulator can be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 111 from the end cover 112 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member may be plastic, rubber or the like.
  • the electrode assembly 12 is a part where the electrochemical reaction occurs in the battery cell 1 .
  • One or more electrode assemblies 12 may be contained within the case 111 .
  • the electrode assembly 12 is mainly formed by winding or stacking the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece, and usually a diaphragm is provided between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece, and the diaphragm is used to insulate and isolate the positive pole piece and the negative pole. pole piece.
  • the part of the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece with the active material constitutes the main body of the electrode assembly 12 , and the parts of the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece without the active material respectively form tabs.
  • the positive pole tab and the negative pole tab can be located at one end of the main body together or at two ends of the main body respectively.
  • the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material react with the electrolyte, and the tabs are connected to the electrode terminal 13 through the connecting member 14 to form a current loop.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a terminal assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a state where the movable part 132 is in the first position provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the present application provides a battery cell 1 , as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , the battery cell 1 includes a casing 11 , an electrode assembly 12 and a terminal assembly.
  • the casing 11 includes a first wall 112
  • the electrode assembly 12 is disposed in the casing 11 .
  • the terminal assembly includes an electrode terminal 13 and an elastic member 15.
  • the electrode terminal 13 includes a fixed part 131 for electrical connection with the electrode assembly 12 and a movable part 132 for electrical connection with the busbar.
  • the fixed part 131 is fixed on the first wall 112
  • the movable part 132 is movably arranged on the first wall 112
  • the movable part 132 has a first position in contact with the fixed part 131 and a second position separated from the fixed part 131
  • the elastic member 15 is used to apply an elastic force to the movable part 132 , to keep the movable part 132 at the first position; wherein the movable part 132 is configured to move from the first position to the second position against the elastic force to release the internal pressure when the internal pressure of the battery cell 1 reaches a threshold.
  • the first wall 112 is a part of the casing 11 and is used for mounting and positioning the electrode terminals 13 so as to facilitate the connection between the electrode terminals 13 and the bus components.
  • the electrode terminal 13 is a component used to realize the electrical connection between the electrode assembly 12 and the bus component, and is used for outputting or inputting electric energy of the battery cell 1 .
  • the movable part 132 is a part of the electrode terminal 13 for electrical connection with the bus member
  • the fixed part 131 is a part of the electrode terminal 13 for electrical connection with the bus part. After the movable part 132 is in contact with the fixed part 131 and conducts electricity, the battery cell 1 can be electrically connected with other battery cells 1 through the busbar to form an external circuit.
  • the first position and the second position are two positions of the movable part 132 in the thickness direction of the first wall 112 .
  • the first position refers to the position where the movable part 132 is in contact with the fixed part 131 .
  • the movable part 132 is in contact with the fixed part 131 and conducts electricity, and can output or input electric energy of the battery cell 1 .
  • the second position refers to the position where the movable part 132 is separated from the fixed part 131 . At this time, the movable part 132 is separated from the fixed part 131 , disconnecting the communication between the battery cell 1 and the external circuit.
  • the elastic member 15 is a component that provides elastic force to the movable part 132 to keep the movable part 132 at the first position, and the elastic member 15 can be a spring, rubber or the like.
  • the elastic member 15 is a spring, which has better elastic force.
  • the movable part 132 is configured to overcome the elastic force and move from the first position to the second position when the internal pressure of the battery cell 1 reaches a threshold value, so as to release the internal pressure, that is, when the battery cell 1 undergoes thermal runaway, the battery The internal pressure of the cell 1 rises.
  • the internal pressure overcomes the elastic force and drives the movable part 132 to move from the first position to the second position.
  • the threshold refers to the preset pressure value, and the threshold design varies according to different design requirements. The threshold value depends on the pressure value of the elastic deformation of the elastic member 15.
  • the elastic member 15 When the internal pressure reaches the threshold value, the elastic member 15 will not be able to keep the movable part 132 at the first position. When the internal pressure exceeds the threshold value, the elastic member 15 is compressed and deformed. The pressure drives the movable part 132 to move from the first position toward the second position. When the elastic member 15 is compressed to the limit position, the internal pressure cannot drive the movable part 132 to continue to squeeze the elastic member 15. At this time, the movable part 132 is relatively opposite to the fixed part 131. The distance is fixed.
  • the movable part 132 and the fixed part 131 are provided separately, and the movable part 132 is movably arranged on the first wall 112.
  • the electrode assembly 12 When the battery cell 1 suffers thermal runaway, the electrode assembly 12 generates electricity
  • the gas generated by the chemical reaction increases the internal pressure of the battery cell 1, and the high-pressure gas can drive the movable part 132 to overcome the elastic force exerted by the elastic member 15 on the movable part 132 to move from the first position to the second position, so that the movable part 132 Separate from the fixed part 131 and release the internal pressure of the battery cell 1 at the same time, at this time, cut off the connection between the battery cell 1 and the external circuit; the internal pressure of the battery cell 1 drops to less than the elastic member 15 applied to the movable part 132 When the elastic force of the elastic part 132 moves toward the first position under the action of the elastic force of the elastic member 15, when the movable part 132 is in the first position, the movable part 132
  • the fixed part 131 is insulated and isolated from the first wall 112
  • the movable part 132 is insulated and isolated from the first wall 112 when it is in the first position, and is insulated from the first wall 112 when the movable part 132 is in the second position.
  • the wall 112 contacts are electrically conductive.
  • the first wall 112 may be a conductive component.
  • the fixing part 131 is insulated from the first wall 112 , so that the transmission of electric energy cannot be realized between the fixing part 131 and the first wall 112 .
  • the movable part 132 When the movable part 132 is in the first position, it is insulated from the first wall 112. When the movable part 132 is in the second position, it is in contact with the first wall 112 to conduct electricity, so that when the movable part 132 is in contact with the fixed part 131, the electrode terminal 13 and the first The wall 112 is insulated, and electric energy transmission cannot be realized between the electrode terminal 13 and the first wall 112; Able to transmit electric energy.
  • the movable part 132 When the movable part 132 is in the second position, it is in contact with the first wall 112 to conduct electricity, so as to facilitate the short circuit of the battery cell 1 , and the circuit of the battery formed by the battery cell 1 is in a connected state, which does not affect the normal operation of the battery.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an insulating member 133 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the terminal assembly further includes an insulator 133 fixed to the first wall 112; , the movable part 132 is movably disposed on the insulating member 133 .
  • the insulating member 133 is an electrically insulating component, for example, the insulating member 133 can be rubber, plastic (such as PET (Polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate), PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) and the like).
  • PET Polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate
  • PP polypropylene, polypropylene
  • the insulator 133 is fixed on the first wall 112 means that the insulator 133 is installed on the first wall 112 and relatively fixed with the first wall 112.
  • the insulator 133 can be glued to the first wall 112, or can Card connection, embedding and other ways to connect.
  • the fixing part 131 is fixed on the insulating part 133 means that the fixing part 131 is installed on the insulating part 133 and relatively fixed to the insulating part 133 .
  • the fixing part 131 is disposed on the insulator 133 , the fixing part 131 can be in contact with the first wall 112 to conduct electricity, and the fixing part 131 can also be insulated from the first wall 112 by the insulator 133 .
  • the fixing portion 131 is insulated from the first wall 112 by an insulating member 133 .
  • the movable part 132 is movably arranged on the insulator 133, which means that the movable part 132 can move relative to the insulator 133, that is, the movable part 132 is slidably fitted with the insulator 133, and the movable part 132 can move from the insulator 133 to The first position moves to the second position, or the movable part 132 can move from the second position to the first position relative to the insulator 133 .
  • the movable part 132 is insulated and isolated from the first wall 112 when it is in the first position, and is in contact with the first wall 112 when the movable part 132 is in the second position, the fixed part 131 is insulated and isolated from the first wall 112 by the insulating member 133 , and the movable part 132 is insulated and isolated from the first wall 112 by the insulating member 133 when it is in the first position.
  • the insulating part 133 is the installation base of the fixed part 131 and the movable part 132 , which facilitates the assembly of the fixed part 131 and the movable part 132 .
  • the fixed part 131 and the movable part 132 can be insulated from the first wall 112 by the insulating part 133 .
  • the first wall 112 is provided with a mounting hole 1121 , and the insulating member 133 is disposed in the mounting hole 1121 .
  • the installation hole 1121 is a hole opened on the first wall 112 for installing the insulator 133 .
  • the insulator 133 is assembled with the first wall 112 , and then the fixed part 131 and the movable part 132 are matched with the first wall 112 .
  • the insulator 133 includes a cylindrical body, the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body is connected with the hole wall of the mounting hole 1121, and the movable part 132 is along the axis of the cylindrical body.
  • the fixed part 131 is fixed to the cylindrical body to be movably arranged in the cylinder and sealed with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder. Along the axial direction of the cylinder, the fixed part 131 is located on the side of the movable part 132 close to the inside of the battery cell 1 .
  • the barrel is a structure with a central axis, and a cross section perpendicular to the central axis is a regular figure, for example, the barrel may be cylindrical.
  • the barrel is a hollow structure with at least one end open so that the movable part is arranged in the barrel.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder body is connected to the hole wall of the installation hole 1121. It can be that the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder body is bonded to the hole wall of the installation hole 1121 by glue, or it can be that the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder body is connected to the hole wall of the installation hole 1121. interference fit.
  • the movable part 132 is movably disposed in the cylinder along the axial direction of the cylinder, and the movable part 132 can move relative to the cylinder along the axial direction of the cylinder.
  • the barrel may be a cylinder, and the axis of the barrel refers to the extension direction of the central axis of the barrel.
  • the movable part 132 is in sealing fit with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder, and when the movable part 132 moves relative to the cylinder along the axial direction of the cylinder, the movable part 132 is always in sealing fit with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder.
  • the fixed part 131 is located on the side of the movable part 132 close to the inside of the battery cell 1 , so as to facilitate the electrical connection between the fixed part 131 and the electrode assembly 12 .
  • the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder is connected with the hole wall of the mounting hole 1121 to ensure that the insulator 133 has a larger contact area with the first wall 112, and the cylinder has a space for the movable part 132 to move; the movable part 132 and the inner surface of the cylinder
  • the sealing fit of the peripheral surface facilitates that when the battery cell 1 is thermally out of control, the gas inside the battery cell 1 can push the movable part 132 to move along the axial direction of the barrel.
  • the bottom wall 1332, the movable part 132 is in sealing fit with the inner peripheral surface of the side wall 1331, the first chamber 1333 is formed between the movable part 132 and the bottom wall 1332, and the bottom wall 1332 or the fixed part 131 is provided with a hole for communicating with the battery cell 1 The inside and the first through hole 1334 of the first chamber 1333 .
  • the side wall 1331 is surrounded by the bottom wall 1332, and the side wall 1331 and the bottom wall 1332 form a chamber for accommodating the movable part 132, and the movable part 132 is sealed with the inner peripheral surface of the side wall 1331 to ensure that the movable part 132 is stable relative to the movement of the cylinder.
  • the side wall 1331 and the bottom wall 1332 are integrally formed to facilitate processing.
  • the bottom wall 1332 or the fixing portion 131 is provided with a first through hole 1334 for connecting the interior of the battery cell 1 with the first chamber 1333.
  • the first through hole 1334 can be provided on the bottom wall 1332, or the first through hole 1334 can also be It may be provided on the fixing part 131 .
  • the first through hole 1334 is disposed on the bottom wall 1332 , which is not only convenient for processing, but also can ensure a larger connection area between the fixed part 131 and the movable part 132 .
  • the movable part 132 is in sealing fit with the inner peripheral surface of the side wall 1331, and a first chamber 1333 is formed between the bottom wall 1332 and the movable part 132, and the first chamber 1333 communicates with the inside of the battery cell 1, so that the inside of the battery cell 1 can be easily
  • the gas enters the first chamber 1333 to push the movable part 132 to move, so that the movable part 132 can move to the second position, and realize the separation of the movable part 132 from the fixed part 131 .
  • a breathable membrane 16 is disposed at the first through hole 1334 .
  • the air-permeable membrane 16 is a component used to keep gas circulating and block dust and liquid (such as water, electrolyte, etc.).
  • the air-permeable membrane 16 is arranged at the first through hole 1334, which can restrict the electrolyte solution from entering the first chamber 1333, and avoid the influence of the electrolyte solution on the movement of the movable part 132 relative to the cylinder body, so as to ensure that the movable part 132 moves flexibly and smoothly relative to the cylinder body. Stablize.
  • the air-permeable film 16 is disposed at one end of the first through hole 1334 close to the electrode assembly 12 , so as to prevent the electrolyte from entering the first through hole 1334 and prevent the electrolyte from crystallizing to block the first through hole 1334 .
  • the piston 1321 is movably arranged in the cylinder and is in sealing fit with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder, one end of the piston rod 1322 is connected to the piston 1321, and the other end passes through the top cover 1335 for connecting the confluence part.
  • the top cover 1335 is a cover plate for covering the end of the barrel away from the interior of the battery cell 1 , and the top cover 1335 is connected to the barrel to cover the opening of the end of the barrel far away from the interior of the battery cell 1 .
  • the top cover 1335 is provided with a hole for the piston rod 1322 to pass through, so that the end of the piston rod 1322 away from the piston 1321 passes through the top cover 1335 and is connected to the flow-combining component.
  • a second chamber 1336 is formed between the top cover 1335 and the piston 1321, and the second chamber 1336 may be a closed chamber, so as to prevent impurities from entering the second chamber 1336 and affecting the sealing fit between the piston 1321 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder; or , the second chamber 1336 can also be a non-airtight chamber, that is, the connection between the top cover 1335 and the barrel does not need to be sealed, which reduces the difficulty of assembly, as long as the connection between the top cover 1335 and the barrel is guaranteed to keep the barrel away from the battery cell 1
  • the opening at one end of the inside is sufficient.
  • top cover 1335 and the cylinder body There are many ways to connect the top cover 1335 and the cylinder body.
  • the top cover 1335 and the cylinder body can be thermally melted or glued.
  • the top cover 1335 is disposed in the barrel, the top cover 1335 is connected to the inner peripheral surface of the barrel, and the outer surface of the top cover 1335 is coplanar with the end surface of the barrel, so as to prevent the top cover 1335 from protruding and affecting the battery cell 1 assembly height.
  • the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder refers to the surface arranged around the central axis of the cylinder and enclosing the inner space of the cylinder.
  • the inner peripheral surface of the barrel may be the inner surface of the side wall 1331 .
  • the piston 1321 When the movable part 132 is in the first position, the piston 1321 is in contact with the fixed part 131 to conduct electricity; when the movable part 132 is in the second position, the piston 1321 is separated from the fixed part 131 .
  • One end of the piston rod 1322 is connected to the piston 1321, and the other end passes through the top cover 1335.
  • the central axis of the piston rod 1322 is collinear with the central axis of the cylinder, and is collinear with the central axis of the piston 1321, so that the piston 1321 is aligned with the cylinder. Body movement is stable.
  • the top cover 1335 covers the end of the barrel away from the inside of the battery cell 1 , which can protect the piston 1321 and prevent impurities from entering the barrel and affecting the sliding fit between the piston 1321 and the barrel.
  • the elastic member 15 is sleeved on the piston rod 1322 , one end of the elastic member 15 abuts against the piston 1321 , and the other end abuts against the top cover 1335 .
  • the elastic member 15 is sheathed on the piston rod 1322 .
  • the piston rod 1322 is inserted into the elastic member 15 , and the piston rod 1322 guides the elastic member 15 to limit the deformation of the elastic member 15 during expansion and contraction.
  • the elastic member 15 abuts against the piston 1321 , and the other end abuts against the top cover 1335 .
  • the elastic member 15 is in a compressed state to provide the piston 1321 to move away from the top cover 1335 , so that the movable part 132 remains at the first position.
  • the elastic member 15 is sleeved on the piston rod 1322 to ensure that the elastic force exerted by the elastic member 15 on the movement is balanced, and to ensure that the piston 1321 moves stably relative to the barrel.
  • the battery cell 1 further includes: a pressure relief channel 17, one end of which extends to the inner peripheral surface of the barrel; When the movable part 132 is in the first position, the movable part 132 will close one end of the pressure relief passage 17, so that the pressure relief passage 17 is disconnected from the inside of the battery cell 1; when the movable part 132 is in the second position, the movable part 132 will One end of the pressure relief passage 17 is opened, so that the pressure relief passage 17 communicates with the inside of the battery cell 1 .
  • the pressure relief passage 17 is a passage for discharging the internal pressure of the battery cell 1, and one end of the pressure relief passage 17 extends to the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder, so that the pressure relief passage 17 can realize the connection with the inside of the battery cell 1 through the cylinder.
  • the other end of the pressure relief passage 17 communicates with the external environment, so that the pressure relief passage 17 communicates with the inside and outside of the battery cell 1 .
  • the movable part 132 When the movable part 132 is in the first position, the movable part 132 closes one end of the pressure relief channel 17 communicating with the interior of the barrel, the pressure relief channel 17 is disconnected from the inside of the battery cell 1, and the inside of the battery cell 1 is connected to the outside. isolation. When the movable part 132 is in the second position, the movable part 132 opens one end of the pressure relief channel 17 communicating with the inside of the barrel, so that the pressure relief channel 17 communicates with the inside of the battery cell 1, so that the battery cell 1 The internal and external communication of the battery cell 1 facilitates the release of the internal pressure of the battery cell 1.
  • the movable part 132 moves from the first position to the second position.
  • the movable part 132 is insulated from the first wall 112 .
  • one end of the pressure relief channel 17 is fully opened, and at this time the movable part 132 is also insulated from the first wall 112, and only the movable part 132 reaches the second position completely.
  • the movable part 132 is in contact with the first wall 112 to conduct electricity.
  • the pressure relief passage 17 communicates with the internal and external environments of the battery cell 1, when the movable part 132 moves toward the second position, the pressure relief passage 17 is gradually opened, and the pressure inside the battery cell 1 is released through the pressure relief passage 17. , to realize the pressure release action of the battery cell 1 .
  • the segment 172 is disposed on the first wall 112 .
  • the first section 171 and the second section 172 are two components of the pressure relief passage 17, the first section 171 is arranged on the cylinder body and penetrates through the side wall 1331 of the cylinder body, so that the interior of the cylinder body communicates with the second section 172;
  • the second section 172 is disposed on the first wall 112 and penetrates through the first wall 112 such that the first section 171 communicates with the outside.
  • One end of the second segment 172 communicates with the installation hole 1121 , and the other end is disposed on the side of the first wall 112 away from the interior of the battery cell 1 , so as to discharge the gas inside the battery cell 1 .
  • the end of the second section 172 away from the installation hole 1121 can also be arranged on the side of the first wall 112, the surface of the first wall 112 facing the inside of the battery cell 1 is the first surface, and the first wall 112 The surface away from the inside of the battery cell 1 is the second surface, and the side of the first wall 112 refers to the surface of the first wall 112 used to connect the first surface and the second surface, as long as the gas inside the battery cell 1 can be Just discharge.
  • the first section 171 is arranged on the barrel, and the second section 172 is arranged on the first wall 112.
  • the first section 171 communicates with the second section 172, so that the pressure relief passage 17 communicates with the first chamber 1333 and the external environment, so as to facilitate the The pressure inside the battery cell 1 is released to the external environment.
  • the side wall 1331 is provided with a second through hole 1337, and a protrusion 1122 is formed on the hole wall of the installation hole 1121, and the protrusion 1122 extends into the second through hole 1337.
  • the movable part 132 is in contact with the protrusion 1122 to conduct electricity.
  • the protrusion 1122 is formed on the wall of the installation hole 1121 and protrudes from the wall of the installation hole 1121 .
  • the protrusion 1122 extends into the second through hole 1337, and the end surface of the protrusion 1122 away from the wall of the mounting hole 1121 is flush with the inner surface of the side wall 1331, so that when the movable part 132 is in the second position, the movable part 132 It can contact with the protrusion 1122 to conduct electricity.
  • the shape of the protrusion 1122 can be in any form, for example, a cylinder, a prism or a special-shaped structure.
  • the protrusion 1122 is cylindrical, which is convenient for manufacturing.
  • the movable part 132 When the movable part 132 is in the second position, the movable part 132 is electrically connected to the first wall 112; in a battery composed of a plurality of battery cells 1, if a certain battery cell 1 is thermally out of control, the movable part 132 of the battery cell 1 When it is in the second position, the movable part 132 of the battery cell 1 conducts electricity with the first wall 112, realizing the internal short circuit of the battery cell 1, while the circuit of the whole battery remains open, and the influence of the battery cell 1 on the whole battery Smaller, to ensure that the battery can work properly.
  • FIGS. 3 to 7 there are two terminal assemblies, and the polarities of the electrode terminals 13 of the two terminal assemblies are opposite.
  • the number of terminal assemblies is two, and the electrode terminals 13 of the two terminal assemblies are positive electrode terminals 13 and negative electrode terminals 13 respectively.
  • the positive electrode terminals 13 and the negative electrode terminals 13 have the same structure, which is convenient for processing and manufacturing.
  • the number of terminal assemblies is two and the polarity is opposite.
  • the movable part 132 moves to the second position, which can release the pressure inside the battery cell 1 in time; when the movable part 132 is in the second position
  • the battery cell 1 can realize an internal short circuit, and in a battery composed of a plurality of battery cells 1, the circuit of the entire battery It can maintain the access and ensure the normal operation of the battery.
  • the casing 11 includes a housing 111 and an end cover, the housing 111 has an opening, the end cover is used to cover the opening, and the first wall 112 is an end cover.
  • the first wall 112 is an end cover, which is provided separately from the housing 111 , which is convenient for manufacturing and assembling the battery cells 1 .
  • the present application also provides a battery 100, which includes the battery cell 1 described in any of the above schemes.
  • the present application also provides an electric device, which includes the battery 100 described in any solution above, and the battery 100 is used to provide electric energy for the electric device.
  • the powered device may be any of the aforementioned devices or systems using the battery 100 .
  • the present application provides a battery cell 1 , and the battery cell 1 includes a casing 11 , an electrode assembly 12 and a terminal assembly.
  • the housing 11 includes a housing 111 and an end cover.
  • the housing 111 has an opening, the end cover covers the opening, the end cover is a first wall 112 , and the first wall 112 is provided with a mounting hole 1121 .
  • the electrode assembly 12 is disposed in the casing 111 .
  • the terminal assembly includes an electrode terminal 13 and an elastic member 15 , and the electrode terminal 13 includes a fixed portion 131 for electrically connecting with the electrode assembly 12 and a movable portion 132 for electrically connecting with a bus component.
  • the fixed part 131 is fixedly arranged on the first wall 112, and the movable part 132 is movably arranged on the first wall 112.
  • the movable part 132 has a first position in contact with the fixed part 131 and a second position separated from the fixed part 131.
  • the elastic member 15 is used to apply elastic force to the movable part 132 to keep the movable part 132 at the first position.
  • the battery cell 1 also includes an insulator 133 , a top cover 1335 and a pressure relief channel 17 , the insulator 133 includes a cylindrical body, the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body is connected to the hole wall of the mounting hole 1121 , and the cylindrical body includes a bottom wall 1332 and a side wall 1331 , the side wall 1331 surrounds the bottom wall 1332 , the fixing part 131 penetrates the bottom wall 1332 , the top cover 1335 covers the end of the cylinder body away from the interior of the battery cell 1 , the top cover 1335 is arranged opposite to the bottom wall 1332 ,
  • the movable part 132 includes a piston 1321 and a piston rod 1322.
  • the piston 1321 is movably arranged in the cylinder and is sealed with the inner peripheral surface of the side wall 1331.
  • a first chamber 1333 is formed between the piston 1321 and the bottom wall 1332.
  • the piston rod 1322 One end of the piston rod 1322 is connected to the piston 1321, and the other end of the piston rod 1322 passes through the top cover 1335 to be connected to the flow-combining component.
  • the movable part 132 has a first position in contact with the fixed part 131 and a second position separated from the fixed part 131.
  • the piston 1321 can move relative to the cylinder along the axial direction of the cylinder so that the movable part 132 is in the first position and the second position. Switch between two positions.
  • the elastic member 15 is sheathed on the piston rod 1322.
  • the pressure relief passage 17 includes a first section 171 and a second section 172.
  • the first section 171 is arranged on the cylinder body, and the second section 172 is arranged on the first wall 112.
  • One end of the pressure relief passage 17 communicates with the inside of the cylinder body to release pressure.
  • the other end of the channel 17 communicates with the outside.
  • the piston 1321 closes the end of the pressure relief channel 17 communicating with the interior of the barrel so that the pressure relief channel 17 is disconnected from the inside of the battery cell 1; when the movable part 132 is in the second position In the second position, the piston 1321 opens the end of the pressure relief passage 17 communicating with the interior of the barrel so that the pressure relief passage 17 communicates with the interior of the battery cell 1 .
  • the movable part 132 is configured to overcome the elastic force provided by the elastic member 15 and move from the first position to the second position to release the internal pressure when the internal pressure of the battery cell 1 reaches a threshold.
  • the movable part 132 and the fixed part 131 are provided separately, and the movable part 132 is movably arranged on the first wall 112.
  • the electrode assembly 12 When the battery cell 1 suffers thermal runaway, the electrode assembly 12 generates electricity
  • the gas generated by the chemical reaction increases the internal pressure of the battery cell 1, and the high-pressure gas can drive the movable part 132 to overcome the elastic force exerted by the elastic member 15 on the movable part 132 to move from the first position to the second position, so that the movable part 132 Separate from the fixed part 131 and release the internal pressure of the battery cell 1 at the same time, at this time, cut off the connection between the battery cell 1 and the external circuit; the internal pressure of the battery cell 1 drops to less than the elastic member 15 applied to the movable part 132 When the elastic force of the elastic part 132 moves toward the first position under the action of the elastic force of the elastic member 15, when the movable part 132 is in the first position, the movable part 132
  • the movable part 132 of the battery cell 1 moves from the first position to the second position to achieve pressure relief, The movable part 132 is in contact with the first wall 112 to conduct electricity, so that the battery cell 1 is short-circuited internally, and the circuit of the entire battery 100 is in a connected state, so as to ensure the normal operation of the battery 100 .
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic flowchart of a method 400 for manufacturing a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the present application provides a method 400 for manufacturing a battery cell, and the method 400 for manufacturing a battery cell includes:
  • housing 11 where the housing 11 includes a first wall 112;
  • the terminal assembly includes an electrode terminal 13 and an elastic member 15, and the electrode terminal 13 includes a fixed part 131 and a movable part 132;
  • the elastic member 15 is used to apply elastic force to the movable part 132, so as to keep the movable part 132 at the first position;
  • the movable part 132 is configured to move from the first position to the second position against the elastic force to release the internal pressure when the internal pressure of the battery cell 1 reaches a threshold.
  • Fig. 9 shows a schematic block diagram of a battery cell manufacturing device 500 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the present application provides a battery cell manufacturing device 500
  • the battery cell manufacturing device 500 may include: a providing module 501 and an assembling module 502 .
  • a module 501 for providing a casing 11, providing an electrode assembly 12, and providing a terminal assembly the casing 11 includes a first wall 112, the terminal assembly includes an electrode terminal 13 and an elastic member 15, and the electrode terminal 13 includes a fixed part 131 and a movable part 132;
  • the assembly module 502 is used for disposing the electrode assembly 12 in the casing 11, fixing the fixed part 131 on the first wall 112, electrically connecting the fixed part 131 and the electrode assembly 12, and movably disposing the movable part 132 on the second wall 112.
  • a wall 112 so that the movable part 132 has a first position in contact with the fixed part 131 and a second position separated from the fixed part 131
  • the elastic member 15 is used to apply elastic force to the movable part 132, so that the movable part 132 remains in In the first position, the movable part 132 is configured to move from the first position to the second position against the elastic force when the internal pressure of the battery cell 1 reaches a threshold, so as to release the internal pressure.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池单体。该电池单体包括：外壳，包括第一壁；电极组件，设置于所述外壳内；端子组件，包括电极端子和弹性件，所述电极端子包括用于与所述电极组件电连接的固定部和用于与汇流部件电连接的活动部，所述固定部固定设置于所述第一壁，所述活动部可移动地设置于所述第一壁，所述活动部具有与所述固定部接触的第一位置和与所述固定部分离的第二位置，所述弹性件用于向所述活动部施加弹性力，以使所述活动部保持在所述第一位置；其中，所述活动部被配置为在所述电池单体的内部压力达到阈值时克服所述弹性力从所述第一位置向所述第二位置移动，以泄放所述内部压力。该电池单体，具有较长的使用寿命。

Description

电池单体、电池、用电设备、电池单体的制造方法及设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池单体、电池、用电设备、电池单体的制造方法及设备。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术的发展中，除了提高电池的性能外，使用寿命也是一个不可忽视的问题。如果电池的使用寿命不能保证，则电池的使用成本较高。因此，如何提高电池的使用寿命，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电池单体、电池、用电设备、电池单体的制造方法及设备。该电池单体，具有较长的使用寿命。
本申请是通过如下技术方案实现的：
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体，包括：外壳，包括第一壁；电极组件，设置于所述外壳内；端子组件，包括电极端子和弹性件，所述电极端子包括用于与所述电极组件电连接的固定部和用于与汇流部件电连接的活动部，所述固定部固定设置于所述第一壁，所述活动部可移动地设置于所述第一壁，所述活动部具有与所述固定部接触的第一位置和与所述固定部分离的第二位置，所述弹性件用于向所述活动部施加弹性力，以使所述活动部保持在所述第一位置；其中，所述活动部被配置为在所述电池单体的内部压力达到阈值时克服所述弹性力从所述第一位置向所述第二位置移动，以泄放所述内部压力。
根据本申请实施例的电池单体，活动部与固定部分体设置，活动部可移动地设置于第一壁，在电池单体发生热失控时，电极组件发生电化学反应产生的气体使得电池单体的内部压力升高，高压气体能够驱动活动部克服弹性件施加于活动部的弹性力从第一位置移动至第二位置，以使活动部与固定部分离，同时泄放电池单体的内部压力，此时，切断该电池单体与外部电路的连接；在电池单体内部压力下降至小于弹性件施加于活动部的弹性力时，活动部在弹性件的弹性力的作用下朝向第一位置移动，当活动部处于第一位置时，活动部与固定部电连接，从而使得电池单体继续工作，提高了电池单体的安全性和利用率，进而延长了电池单体的使用寿命，使得电池单体构成的电池具有较长的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述固定部与所述第一壁绝缘隔离，所述活动部处于所述第一位置时与所述第一壁绝缘隔离，所述活动部处于所述第二位置时与所述第一壁接触导电。
在上述方案中，活动部处于第二位置时与第一壁接触导电，以便于电池单体短路，该电池单体构成的电池的电路处于连通的状态，不影响电池的正常工作。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述端子组件还包括：绝缘件，固定于所述第一壁；其中，所述固定部固定设置于所述绝缘件，所述活动部可活动地设置于所述绝缘件。
在上述方案中，绝缘件为固定部和活动部的安装基础，便于实现固定部和活动部的装配，固定部和活动部可以通过绝缘件与第一壁绝缘隔离。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一壁上设置有安装孔，所述绝缘件设置在所述安装孔内。
在上述方案中，通过将绝缘件设置于安装孔内，以实现绝缘件与第一壁的装配，进而实现固定部和活动部与第一壁的配合。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述绝缘件包括筒体，所述筒体的外周面与所述安装孔的孔壁连接，所述活动部沿所述筒体的轴向可移动地设置于所述筒体内且与所述筒体的内周面密封配合，所述固定部固定于所述筒体，沿所述筒体的轴向，所述固定部位于所述活动部靠近所述电池单体内部的一侧。
在上述方案中，筒体的外周面与安装孔的孔壁连接，保证绝缘件与第一壁具有较大的接触面积，并且筒体内具有供活动部活动的空间；活动部与筒体的内周面密封配合，便于电池单体热失控时，电池单体内部的气体能够推动活动部沿筒体的轴向移动。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述筒体包括侧壁和底壁，所述侧壁围设在所述底壁的周围，所述固定部穿设于所述底壁，所述活动部与所述侧壁的内周面密封配合，所述活动部与所述底壁之间形成第一腔室，所述底壁或所述固定部设置有用于连通所述电池单体的内部和所述第一腔室的第一通孔。
在上述方案中，活动部与侧壁的内周面密封配合，底壁与活动部之间形成第一腔室，第一腔室与电池单体的内部连通，便于电池单体内部的气体进入第一腔室以推动活动部移动，以使得活动部能够移动至第二位置，实现活动部与固定部的分离。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一通孔处设置有透气膜。
在上述方案中，透气膜具有透气、阻隔粉尘和液体的作用，能够限制电解液进入第一腔室，避免电解液对活动部相对于筒体移动的影响，以保证活动部相对于筒体移动灵活、稳定。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述绝缘件还包括顶盖，所述顶盖覆盖于所述筒体的远离所述电池单体内部的一端，所述活动部包括活塞和活塞杆，所述活塞可移动地设置于所述筒体内且与所述筒体的内周面密封配合，所述活塞杆的一端连接于所述活塞，另一端穿过所述顶盖以用于连接所述汇流部件。
在上述方案中，顶盖覆盖于筒体的远离电池单体内部的一端，能够对活塞起到保护作用，避免杂质进入筒体内二影响活塞与筒体之间的滑动配合。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述弹性件套设于所述活塞杆，所述弹性件的一端抵接于所述活塞，另一端抵接于所述顶盖。
在上述方案中，弹性件套设于活塞杆，保证弹性件对活动施加的弹性力均衡，保证活塞相对于筒体移动稳定。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电池单体还包括：泄压通道，所述泄压通道的一端延伸至所述筒体的内周面；当所述活动部处于所述第一位置时，所述活动部将所述泄压通道的一端封闭，以使所述泄压通道与所述电池单体的内部断开；当所述活动部处于所述第二位置时，所述活动部将所述泄压通道的一端打开，以使所述泄压通道与所述电池单体的内部连通。
在上述方案中，由于泄压通道连通电池单体的内部和外部环境，当活动部朝向第二位置移动时，泄压通道逐渐被打开，通过泄压通道将电池单体内部的压力泄放，实现电池单体的泄压动作。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述泄压通道包括相互连通的第一段和第二段，所述第一段设置于所述筒体，所述第二段设置于所述第一壁。
在上述方案中，第一段设置于筒体，第二段设置于第一壁，通过第一段与第二段连通，实现泄压通道连通第一腔室和外部环境，以便于将电池单体内部的压力泄放至外部环境。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述侧壁上设置有第二通孔，所述安装孔的孔壁上形成有凸起，所述凸起伸入所述第二通孔，当所述活动部处于所述第二位置时，所述活动部与所述凸起接触导电。
在上述方案中，当活动部处于第二位置时，活动部与第一壁电连接；在多个电池单体构成电池中，某个电池单体热失控，该电池单体的活动部处于第二位置时，该电池单体的活动部与第一壁导电，实现该电池单体的内部短路，而整个电池的电路保持通路，该电池单体对整个电池的影响较小，保证电池能够正常工作。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述端子组件的数量为两个，两个所述端子组件的所述电极端子的极性相反。
在上述方案中，端子组件的数量为两个且极性相反，在电池单体热失控时，活动部移动至第二位置，能够及时泄放电池单体内部的压力；在活动部处于第二位置时能够与第一壁电连接的实施例中，活动部处于第二位置状态时，电池单体能够实现内部短路，而在多个电池单体构成的电池中，整个电池的电路能够保持通路，保证电池能够正常工作。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述外壳包括壳体和端盖，所述壳体具有开口，所述端盖用于覆盖所述开口，所述第一壁为所述端盖。
在上述方案中，第一壁为端盖，端盖与壳体分体设置，便于加工制造，便于实现电池单体的装配。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种电池，其包括上述任一项实施例所述的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种用电设备，其包括上述任一项实施例所述的电池。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体的制造方法，其包括：提供外壳，所述 外壳包括第一壁；提供电极组件；提供端子组件，所述端子组件包括电极端子和弹性件，所述电极端子包括固定部和活动部；将所述电极组件设置于所述外壳内；将所述固定部固定设置于所述第一壁，将所述固定部与所述电极组件电连接；将所述活动部可移动地设置于所述第一壁，以使所述活动部具有与所述固定部接触的第一位置和与所述固定部分离的第二位置；所述弹性件用于向所述活动部施加弹性力，以使所述活动部保持在所述第一位置；所述活动部被配置为在所述电池单体的内部压力达到阈值时克服所述弹性力从所述第一位置向所述第二位置移动，以泄放所述内部压力。
第五方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体的制造设备，其包括：提供模块，用于提供外壳、提供电极组件、提供端子组件，所述外壳包括第一壁，所述端子组件包括电极端子和弹性件，所述电极端子包括固定部和活动部；组装模块，用于将将所述电极组件设置于所述外壳内，将所述固定部固定设置于所述第一壁，将所述固定部与所述电极组件电连接，将所述活动部可移动地设置于所述第一壁，以使所述活动部具有与所述固定部接触的第一位置和与所述固定部分离的第二位置，所述弹性件用于向所述活动部施加弹性力，以使所述活动部保持在所述第一位置，所述活动部被配置为在所述电池单体的内部压力达到阈值时克服所述弹性力从所述第一位置向所述第二位置移动，以泄放所述内部压力。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的分解结构示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的分解结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的端子组件的分解结构示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的活动部处于第一位置的状态示意图；
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的活动部处于第二位置的状态示意图；
图7为本申请一些实施例提供的绝缘件的结构示意图；
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法的示意性流程图；
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造设备的示意性框图；
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
标记说明：100-电池；101-箱体；1011-第一部分；1012-第二部分；1-电池单体；11-外壳；111-壳体；112-第一壁；1121-安装孔；1122-凸起；12-电极组件；13-电极端 子；131-固定部；132-活动部；1321-活塞；1322-活塞杆；133-绝缘件；1331-侧壁；1332-底壁；1333-第一腔室；1334-第一通孔；1335-顶盖；1336-第二腔室；1337-第二通孔；14-连接构件；15-弹性件；16-透气膜；17-泄压通道；171-第一段；172-第二段；200-控制器；300-马达；1000-车辆。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排它的包含。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“周向”等指示的方位或者位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序，可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包 等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。
电池单体还包括电极端子，电极端子与电极组件电连接，以将电池单体的电能导出或导入。
电池单体还包括泄压结构，泄压结构设置于外壳，泄压结构是指电池单体的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度的元件或部件。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的使用寿命。
电池包括多个电池单体，多个电池单体通过汇流部件电连接，以形成电路。
电池的制造过程中，安全性是较为重要的设计因素。电池单体通常设置有泄压部，泄压部用于在电池单体发生热失控时致动，以泄放电池单体内部的压力或温度。现有技术中，有的泄压部只能泄压而无法切断多个电池单体连接的电路，有的泄压部在泄压的同时也将电路断开，往往泄压部在致动时发生变形，但是该变形是不可逆的，电池单体因泄压部的变形而损坏，无法继续使用，使得电池单体的利用率较低，影响电池单体的使用寿命，进而影响电池的使用寿命。
鉴于此，为了解决电池的使用寿命较低的问题，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种电池单体，该电池单体包括外壳、电极组件和端子组件，外壳包括第一壁，电极组件设置于外壳内，端子组件包括电极端子和弹性件，电极端子包括用于与电极组件电连接的固定部和用于与汇流部件电连接的活动部，固定部固定设置于第一壁，活动部可移动地设置于第一壁，活动部具有与固定部接触的第一位置和与所述固定部分离的第二位置，弹性件用于向活动部施加弹性力，以使活动部保持在第一位置；活动部被配置为在电池单体的内部压力达到阈值时克服弹性力从第一位置向第二位置移动，以泄放内部压力。通过将电极端子设置为活动部和固定部，在电池单体热失控时，活动部能够与固定部分离，以泄放内部压力，当内部压力小于弹性力时，活动部在弹性件的弹性力的作用下移动至与固定部接触，使得电池单体正常工作，提高了电池单体的安全性和利用率，延长了电池单体的使用寿命。
在这样的电池单体中，活动部与固定部分体设置，活动部可移动地设置于第一 壁，在电池单体发生热失控时，电极组件发生热化学反应产生的气体使得电池单体的内部压力升高，高压气体能够驱动活动部克服弹性件施加于活动部的弹性力从第一位置移动至第二位置，以使活动部与固定部分离，同时泄放电池单体的内部压力，此时，切断该电池单体与外部电路的连接；在电池单体内部压力下降至小于弹性件施加于活动部的弹性力时，活动部在弹性件的弹性力的作用下朝向第一位置移动，当活动部处于第一位置时，活动部与固定部电连接，从而使得电池单体继续工作，提高了电池单体的安全性和利用率，进而延长了电池单体的使用寿命，使得电池单体构成的电池具有较长的使用寿命。
本申请实施例公开的电池单体可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电设备中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池单体、电池等组成该用电设备的电源系统。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电设备，用电设备可以为但不限于手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电设备为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，用于车辆1000的电路系统，例如用于车辆1000的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。
车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的分解结构示意图。电池100包括箱体101和电池单体1，电池单体1容纳于箱体101内。其中，箱体101用于为电池单体1提供容纳空间，箱体101可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体101可以包括第一部分1011和第二部分1012，第一部分1011与第二部分1012相互盖合，第一部分1011和第二部分1012共同限定出用于容纳电池单体1的容纳空间。第二部分1012可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分1011可以为板状结构，第一部分1011盖合于第二部分1012的开口侧，以使第一部分1011与第二部分1012共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分1011和第二部分1012也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分1011的开口侧盖合于第二部分1012的开口侧。
在电池100中，电池单体1可以是多个，多个电池单体1之间可串联或并联或 混联，混联是指多个电池单体1中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体1之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体1构成的整体容纳于箱体101内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体1先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体101内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体1之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体1可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。本申请实施例提供的电池单体1呈方体。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体1的分解结构示意图。电池单体1是指组成电池100的最小单元。如图3，电池单体1包括有外壳11、电极组件12、端子组件、连接构件14以及其他的功能性部件。
外壳11是用于形成电池单体1的内部环境的组件，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件12、电解液以及其他部件。外壳11可以包括壳体111和端盖112，壳体111和端盖112可以是独立的部件，也可以于壳体111上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖112盖合开口以形成电池单体1的内部环境。不限地，也可以使端盖112和壳体111一体化，具体地，端盖112和壳体111可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体111的内部时，再使端盖112盖合壳体111。壳体111可以是长方体形。具体地，壳体111的形状可以根据电极组件12的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体111的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
端盖112是指盖合于壳体111的开口处以将电池单体1的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖112的形状可以与壳体111的形状相适应以配合壳体111。可选地，端盖112可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖112在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体1能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。端盖112上可以设置有如电极端子13等的功能性部件。电极端子13可以用于与电极组件12电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体1的电能。在一些实施例中，端盖112上还可以设置有用于在电池单体1的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。端盖112的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中，在端盖112的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件，绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体111内的电连接部件与端盖112，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
电极组件12是电池单体1中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体111内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件12。本申请实施中，电极组件12主要由正极极片和负极极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极极片和负极极片之间设有隔膜，隔膜用于绝缘隔离正极极片和负极极片。正极极片和负极极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件12的主体部，正极极片和负极极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳通过连接构件14连接电极端子 13以形成电流回路。
请参照图4至图6，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的端子组件的分解结构示意图，图5为本申请一些实施例提供的活动部132处于第一位置的状态示意图，图6为本申请一些实施例提供的活动部132处于第二位置的状态示意图。根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请提供了一种电池单体1，如图3和图4所示，该电池单体1包括外壳11、电极组件12及端子组件。外壳11包括第一壁112，电极组件12设置于外壳11内。端子组件包括电极端子13和弹性件15，电极端子13包括用于与电极组件12电连接的固定部131和用于与汇流部件电连接的活动部132，固定部131固定设置于第一壁112，活动部132可移动地设置于第一壁112，活动部132具有与固定部131接触的第一位置和与固定部131分离的第二位置，弹性件15用于向活动部132施加弹性力，以使活动部132保持在第一位置；其中，活动部132被配置为在电池单体1的内部压力达到阈值时克服弹性力从第一位置向第二位置移动，以泄放内部压力。
第一壁112为外壳11的一部分，用于安装定位电极端子13，以便于电极端子13与汇流部件连接。
电极端子13为用于实现电极组件12与汇流部件电连接的部件，用于输出或输入电池单体1的电能。活动部132为电极端子13的用于与汇流部件电连接的部位，固定部131为电极端子13的用于与汇流部件电连接的部位。当活动部132与固定部131接触并导电后，该电池单体1能够通过汇流部件与其他电池单体1电连接形成外部电路。
第一位置和第二位置为活动部132在第一壁112的厚度方向上的两个位置。
如图5所示，第一位置是指活动部132与固定部131接触的位置，此时，活动部132与固定部131接触并导电，能够输出或输入电池单体1的电能。
如图6所示，第二位置是指活动部132与固定部131分离的位置，此时，活动部132与固定部131分离，断开该电池单体1与外部电路的连通。
弹性件15为向活动部132提供弹性力、以使活动部132保持在第一位置的部件，弹性件15可以为弹簧、橡胶等。可选地，弹性件15为弹簧，具有较好的弹性力。
活动部132被配置为在电池单体1的内部压力达到阈值时克服弹性力从第一位置向第二位置移动，以泄放内部压力，也即，当电池单体1发生热失控时，电池单体1的内部压力升高，当内部压力值达到并超过阈值时，内部压力克服弹性力，驱动活动部132从第一位置向第二位置移动，在活动部132与固定部131分离后，内部压力能够被泄放至电池单体1外部。阈值是指预设的压力值，该阈值设计根据设计需求不同而不同。阈值取决于弹性件15发生弹性变形的压力值，当内部压力达到阈值时，弹性件15即将无法使得活动部132保持在第一位置，当内部压力超过阈值时，弹性件15被压缩变形且内部压力驱动活动部132从第一位置朝向第二位置移动，当弹性件15被压缩至极限位置时，内部压力无法驱动活动部132继续挤压弹性件15，此时活动部132相对于固定部131的距离固定。
根据本申请实施例的电池单体1，活动部132与固定部131分体设置，活动部132可移动地设置于第一壁112，在电池单体1发生热失控时，电极组件12发生电化 学反应产生的气体使得电池单体1的内部压力升高，高压气体能够驱动活动部132克服弹性件15施加于活动部132的弹性力从第一位置移动至第二位置，以使活动部132与固定部131分离，同时泄放电池单体1的内部压力，此时，切断该电池单体1与外部电路的连接；在电池单体1内部压力下降至小于弹性件15施加于活动部132的弹性力时，活动部132在弹性件15的弹性力的作用下朝向第一位置移动，当活动部132处于第一位置时，活动部132与固定部131电连接，从而使得电池单体1继续工作，提高了电池单体1的安全性和利用率，进而延长了电池单体1的使用寿命，使得电池单体1构成的电池具有较长的使用寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，固定部131与第一壁112绝缘隔离，活动部132处于第一位置时与第一壁112绝缘隔离，活动部132处于第二位置时与第一壁112接触导电。
本申请实施例中，第一壁112可以为导电部件。
固定部131与第一壁112绝缘隔离，使得固定部131与第一壁112之间无法实现电能的传输。
活动部132处于第一位置时与第一壁112绝缘隔离，活动部132处于第二位置时与第一壁112接触导电，使得活动部132与固定部131接触导电时，电极端子13与第一壁112绝缘，电极端子13与第一壁112之间无法实现电能传输；活动部132与固定部131分离时，活动部132与第一壁112接触导电，活动部132与第一壁112之间能够实现电能的传输。
活动部132处于第二位置时与第一壁112接触导电，以便于电池单体1短路，该电池单体1构成的电池的电路处于连通的状态，不影响电池的正常工作。
请参照图7，图7为本申请一些实施例提供的绝缘件133的结构示意图。根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，如图4至图7所示，端子组件还包括绝缘件133，绝缘件133固定于第一壁112；其中，固定部131固定设置于绝缘件133，活动部132可活动地设置于绝缘件133。
绝缘件133为电绝缘的部件，例如，绝缘件133可以为橡胶、塑胶(如PET(Polyethylene terephthalate，聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯)、PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)等)。
绝缘件133固定于第一壁112是指，绝缘件133安装于第一壁112并与第一壁112位置相对固定，例如，绝缘件133可以与第一壁112通过胶粘接，也可以通过卡接、嵌设等方式连接。
固定部131固定于绝缘件133是指，固定部131安装于绝缘件133并与绝缘件133位置相对固定。固定部131设置于绝缘件133，固定部131可以与第一壁112接触导电，固定部131也可以与第一壁112通过绝缘件133绝缘隔离。可选地，固定部131与第一壁112通过绝缘件133绝缘隔离。
活动部132可活动地设置于绝缘件133是指，活动部132能够相对于绝缘件133发生位置移动，也即，活动部132与绝缘件133滑动配合，活动部132能够相对于绝缘件133从第一位置移动至第二位置，或者，活动部132能够相对于绝缘件133从 第二位置移动至第一位置。
在固定部131与第一壁112绝缘隔离，活动部132处于第一位置时与第一壁112绝缘隔离，活动部132处于第二位置时与第一壁112接触导电的实施例中，固定部131通过绝缘件133与第一壁112绝缘隔离，活动部132处于第一位置时通过绝缘件133与第一壁112绝缘隔离。
绝缘件133为固定部131和活动部132的安装基础，便于实现固定部131和活动部132的装配，固定部131和活动部132可以通过绝缘件133与第一壁112绝缘隔离。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，如图4至图7所示，第一壁112上设置有安装孔1121，绝缘件133设置在安装孔1121内。
安装孔1121为第一壁112上开设的、用于安装绝缘件133的孔。
通过将绝缘件133设置于安装孔1121内，以实现绝缘件133与第一壁112的装配，进而实现固定部131和活动部132与第一壁112的配合。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，如图4至图7所示，绝缘件133包括筒体，筒体的外周面与安装孔1121的孔壁连接，活动部132沿筒体的轴向可移动地设置于筒体内且与筒体的内周面密封配合，固定部131固定于筒体，沿筒体的轴向，固定部131位于活动部132靠近电池单体1内部的一侧。
筒体为具有中心轴线、且垂直于中心轴线的截面为规则图形的结构，例如，筒体可以为圆柱状。筒体为内部中空的结构，且至少一端开口，以便于活动部设置于筒体内。
筒体的外周面与安装孔1121的孔壁连接，可以为，筒体的外周面通过胶粘接于安装孔1121的孔壁，也可以为，筒体的外周面与安装孔1121的孔壁过盈配合。
活动部132沿筒体的轴向可移动地设置于筒体内，活动部132能够相对于筒体沿筒体的轴向移动。筒体可以为圆柱体，筒体的轴向是指筒体的中心轴线的延伸方向。
活动部132与筒体的内周面密封配合，活动部132在相对于筒体沿筒体的轴向移动时，活动部132始终与筒体的内周面密封配合。
固定部131位于活动部132靠近电池单体1内部的一侧，以便于固定部131与电极组件12电连接。
筒体的外周面与安装孔1121的孔壁连接，保证绝缘件133与第一壁112具有较大的接触面积，并且筒体内具有供活动部132活动的空间；活动部132与筒体的内周面密封配合，便于电池单体1热失控时，电池单体1内部的气体能够推动活动部132沿筒体的轴向移动。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，如图4至图7所示，筒体包括侧壁1331和底壁1332，侧壁1331围设在底壁1332的周围，固定部131穿设于底壁1332，活动部132与侧壁1331的内周面密封配合，活动部132与底壁1332之间形成第一腔室1333，底壁1332或固定部131设置有用于连通电池单体1的内部和第一腔室1333的第一通孔1334。
侧壁1331围设在底壁1332的周围，侧壁1331与底壁1332围成用于容纳活动部132的腔室，并且，活动部132与侧壁1331的内周面密封配合，保证活动部132相对于筒体移动稳定。
可选地，侧壁1331与底壁1332一体成型，便于加工。
底壁1332或固定部131设置有用于连通电池单体1的内部和第一腔室1333的第一通孔1334，第一通孔1334可以设置于底壁1332，或者，第一通孔1334也可以设置于固定部131。可选地，第一通孔1334设置于底壁1332，既便于加工，并且也能够保证固定部131与活动部132具有较大的连接面积。
活动部132与侧壁1331的内周面密封配合，底壁1332与活动部132之间形成第一腔室1333，第一腔室1333与电池单体1的内部连通，便于电池单体1内部的气体进入第一腔室1333以推动活动部132移动，以使得活动部132能够移动至第二位置，实现活动部132与固定部131的分离。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，第一通孔1334处设置有透气膜16。
透气膜16为用于保持气体流通、阻隔粉尘和液体(如水、电解液等)的部件。透气膜16设置于第一通孔1334处，能够限制电解液进入第一腔室1333，避免电解液对活动部132相对于筒体移动的影响，以保证活动部132相对于筒体移动灵活、稳定。
可选地，透气膜16设置于第一通孔1334的靠近电极组件12的一端，以免电解液进入第一通孔1334，并且阻止电解液结晶而堵塞第一通孔1334。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，如图4至图6所示，绝缘件133还包括顶盖1335，顶盖1335覆盖于筒体的远离电池单体1内部的一端，活动部132包括活塞1321和活塞杆1322，活塞1321可移动地设置于筒体内且与筒体的内周面密封配合，活塞杆1322的一端连接于活塞1321，另一端穿过顶盖1335以用于连接汇流部件。
顶盖1335为用于覆盖于筒体的远离电池单体1内部的一端的盖板，顶盖1335与筒体连接能够将筒体的远离电池单体1内部的一端的开口覆盖。顶盖1335开设有供活塞杆1322穿设的孔，以使活塞杆1322的远离活塞1321的一端穿过顶盖1335后与汇流部件连接。顶盖1335与活塞1321之间形成第二腔室1336，第二腔室1336可以为密闭腔室，以避免杂质进入第二腔室1336影响活塞1321与筒体的内周面的密封配合；或者，第二腔室1336也可以为非密闭腔室，也即，顶盖1335与筒体的连接不必密封连接，降低装配难度，只要保证顶盖1335与筒体连接遮挡筒体的远离电池单体1内部的一端的开口即可。
顶盖1335与筒体的连接方式可以为多种，例如，顶盖1335与筒体可以热熔连接，也可以通过胶粘接。
由于活塞杆1322需要穿过顶盖1335，当顶盖1334的外表面凸出于筒体的端面时，为使活塞杆1322与汇流部件电连接，将会增加电池单体1的整体高度。可选地，顶盖1335设置于筒体内，顶盖1335与筒体的内周面连接，且顶盖1335的外表面与筒体的端面共面，避免顶盖1335外凸而影响电池单体1的装配高度。
需要指出的是，筒体的内周面是指围绕筒体的中心轴线设置的、且围成筒体 的内部空间的表面。例如，筒体的内周面可以为侧壁1331的内表面。
当活动部132处于第一位置时，活塞1321与固定部131接触导电；当活动部132处于第二位置时，活塞1321与固定部131分离。
活塞杆1322的一端连基于活塞1321，另一端穿过顶盖1335，活塞杆1322的中心轴线与筒体的中心轴线共线，并且与活塞1321的中心轴线共线，以保证活塞1321相对于筒体移动稳定。
顶盖1335覆盖于筒体的远离电池单体1内部的一端，能够对活塞1321起到保护作用，避免杂质进入筒体内二影响活塞1321与筒体之间的滑动配合。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，如图5和图6所示，弹性件15套设于活塞杆1322，弹性件15的一端抵接于活塞1321，另一端抵接于顶盖1335。
弹性件15套设于活塞杆1322，换句话说，活塞杆1322插设于弹性件15内，活塞杆1322对弹性件15具有导向的作用，限制弹性件15伸缩过程中发生歪斜。
弹性件15的一端抵接于活塞1321，另一端抵接于顶盖1335，弹性件15处于压缩状态，以为活塞1321提供朝远离顶盖1335的方向移动，使得活动部132保持在第一位置。
弹性件15套设于活塞杆1322，保证弹性件15对活动施加的弹性力均衡，保证活塞1321相对于筒体移动稳定。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，如图5和图6所示，电池单体1还包括：泄压通道17，泄压通道17的一端延伸至筒体的内周面；当活动部132处于第一位置时，活动部132将泄压通道17的一端封闭，以使泄压通道17与电池单体1的内部断开；当活动部132处于第二位置时，活动部132将泄压通道17的一端打开，以使泄压通道17与电池单体1的内部连通。
泄压通道17为用于排泄电池单体1的内部压力的通道，泄压通道17的一端延伸至筒体的内周面，使得泄压通道17能够通过筒体实现与电池单体1内部的连通，泄压通道17的另一端与外部环境连通，从而使得泄压通道17连通电池单体1的内部和外部。
当活动部132处于第一位置时，活动部132将泄压通道17的与筒体内部连通的一端封闭，泄压通道17与电池单体1的内部断开，电池单体1的内部与外部隔离。当活动部132处于第二位置时，活动部132将泄压通道17的与筒体的内部连通的一端打开，以使泄压通道17与电池单体1的内部连通，从而使得电池单体1的内部和外部连通，以便于泄放电池单体1的内部压力。
为了保证电池单体1在未发生热失控时正常工作，沿第一壁112的厚度方向，第一位置和第二位置之间具有一定间距，也即活动部132从第一位置移动至第二位置的过程中，活动部132与第一壁112绝缘隔离。换句话说，当活动部132离开第一位置后、到达第二位置前，泄压通道17的一端完全打开，此时活动部132也处于与第一壁112绝缘隔离，只有活动部132完全到达第二位置后，活动部132才与第一壁112接触导电。
由于泄压通道17连通电池单体1的内部和外部环境，当活动部132朝向第 二位置移动时，泄压通道17逐渐被打开，通过泄压通道17将电池单体1内部的压力泄放，实现电池单体1的泄压动作。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，如图4至图7所示，泄压通道17包括相互连通的第一段171和第二段172，第一段171设置于筒体，第二段172设置于第一壁112。
第一段171和第二段172为泄压通道17的两个组成部分，第一段171设置于筒体且贯穿筒体的侧壁1331，以使筒体的内部与第二段172连通；第二段172设置于第一壁112且贯穿第一壁112，以使第一段171与外部连通。第二段172的一端与安装孔1121连通，另一端设置于第一壁112的远离电池单体1内部的一侧，以便于将电池单体1内部的气体排出。
在其他实施例中，第二段172的远离安装孔1121的一端也可以设置于第一壁112的侧面，第一壁112的面向电池单体1内部的面为第一面，第一壁112的远离电池单体1内部的面为第二面，第一壁112的侧面是指第一壁112的用于连接第一面和第二面的面，只要能够将电池单体1内部的气体排出即可。
第一段171设置于筒体，第二段172设置于第一壁112，通过第一段171与第二段172连通，实现泄压通道17连通第一腔室1333和外部环境，以便于将电池单体1内部的压力泄放至外部环境。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，侧壁1331上设置有第二通孔1337，安装孔1121的孔壁上形成有凸起1122，凸起1122伸入第二通孔1337，当活动部132处于第二位置时，活动部132与凸起1122接触导电。
凸起1122为形成于安装孔1121的孔壁上、且凸出与安装孔1121的孔壁的部位。凸起1122伸入第二通孔1337，并且凸起1122的远离安装孔1121的孔壁的端面与侧壁1331的内表面齐平，以便于当活动部132处于第二位置时，活动部132能够与凸起1122接触导电。
凸起1122的形状可以为任意形式，例如，圆柱状、棱柱或者异形结构。可选地，凸起1122为圆柱状，便于加工制造。
当活动部132处于第二位置时，活动部132与第一壁112电连接；在多个电池单体1构成电池中，某个电池单体1热失控，该电池单体1的活动部132处于第二位置时，该电池单体1的活动部132与第一壁112导电，实现该电池单体1的内部短路，而整个电池的电路保持通路，该电池单体1对整个电池的影响较小，保证电池能够正常工作。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，如图3至图7所示，端子组件的数量为两个，两个端子组件的电极端子13的极性相反。
端子组件的数量为两个，两个端子组件的电极端子13分别为正极电极端子13和负极电极端子13，正极电极端子13和负极电极端子13的结构相同，便于加工制造。
端子组件的数量为两个且极性相反，在电池单体1热失控时，活动部132移动至第二位置，能够及时泄放电池单体1内部的压力；在活动部132处于第二位置 时能够与第一壁112电连接的实施例中，活动部132处于第二位置状态时，电池单体1能够实现内部短路，而在多个电池单体1构成的电池中，整个电池的电路能够保持通路，保证电池能够正常工作。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，如图3所示，外壳11包括壳体111和端盖，壳体111具有开口，端盖用于覆盖开口，第一壁112为端盖。
第一壁112为端盖，端盖与壳体111分体设置，便于加工制造，便于实现电池单体1的装配。
关于电池单体1中各部件的描述可以参见前述各实施例，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池100，其包括以上任一方案所述的电池单体1。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种用电设备，其包括以上任一方案所述的电池100，并且电池100用于为用电设备提供电能。
用电设备可以是前述任一应用电池100的设备或系统。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图3至图7，本申请提供了一种电池单体1，电池单体1包括外壳11、电极组件12及端子组件。外壳11包括壳体111和端盖，壳体111具有开口，端盖覆盖于开口，端盖为第一壁112，第一壁112设置有安装孔1121。电极组件12设置于壳体111内。端子组件包括电极端子13和弹性件15，电极端子13包括用于与电极组件12电连接的固定部131和用于与汇流部件电连接的活动部132。固定部131固定设置于第一壁112，活动部132可移动地设置于第一壁112，活动部132具有与固定部131接触的第一位置和与固定部131分离的第二位置，弹性件15用于向活动部132施加弹性力，以使活动部132保持在第一位置。电池单体1还包括绝缘件133、顶盖1335和泄压通道17，绝缘件133包括筒体，筒体的外周面与安装孔1121的孔壁连接，筒体包括底壁1332和侧壁1331，侧壁1331围设在底壁1332的周围，固定部131穿设于底壁1332，顶盖1335覆盖于筒体的远离电池单体1内部的一端，顶盖1335与底壁1332相对设置，活动部132包括活塞1321和活塞杆1322，活塞1321可移动地设置于筒体内且与侧壁1331的内周面密封配合，活塞1321与底壁1332之间形成第一腔室1333，活塞杆1322的一端连接于所述活塞1321，活塞杆1322的另一端穿过顶盖1335以与汇流部件连接。活动部132具有与固定部131接触的第一位置和与固定部131分离的第二位置，活塞1321能够相对于筒体沿筒体的轴向移动，以使活动部132在第一位置和第二位置之间切换。弹性件15套设于活塞杆1322，弹性件15的一端抵接于活塞1321，另一端抵接于顶盖1335，弹性件15为活塞1321施加弹性力，以使活动部132保持在第一位置。泄压通道17包括第一段171和第二段172，第一段171设置于筒体，第二段172设置于第一壁112，泄压通道17的一端与筒体的内部连通，泄压通道17的另一端与外部连通。当活动部132处于第一位置时，活塞1321将泄压通道17的与筒体的内部连通的一端封闭，以使泄压通道17与电池单体1的内部断开；当活动部132处于第二位置时，活塞1321将泄压通道17的与筒体的内部连通的一端打开，以使泄压通道17与电池单体1的内部连通。活动部132被配置为 在电池单体1的内部压力达到阈值时克服弹性件15提供的弹性力从第一位置向第二位置移动，以泄放内部压力。
根据本申请实施例的电池单体1，活动部132与固定部131分体设置，活动部132可移动地设置于第一壁112，在电池单体1发生热失控时，电极组件12发生电化学反应产生的气体使得电池单体1的内部压力升高，高压气体能够驱动活动部132克服弹性件15施加于活动部132的弹性力从第一位置移动至第二位置，以使活动部132与固定部131分离，同时泄放电池单体1的内部压力，此时，切断该电池单体1与外部电路的连接；在电池单体1内部压力下降至小于弹性件15施加于活动部132的弹性力时，活动部132在弹性件15的弹性力的作用下朝向第一位置移动，当活动部132处于第一位置时，活动部132与固定部131电连接，从而使得电池单体1继续工作，提高了电池单体1的安全性和利用率，进而延长了电池单体1的使用寿命，使得电池单体1构成的电池100具有较长的使用寿命。在采用上述电池单体1构成的电池100中，当某个电池单体1出现热失控时，该电池单体1的活动部132从第一位置移动至第二位置，实现泄压的同时，活动部132与第一壁112接触导电，使得该电池单体1内部短路，整个电池100的电路处于连通状态，保证电池100的正常工作。
上文描述了本申请实施例的电池单体、电池和用电设备，下面将描述本申请实施例的电池单体的制造方法和制造设备，其中未详细描述的部分可参见前述各实施例。
图8示出了本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法400的示意性流程图。根据本申请的一些实施例，如图8所示，本申请提供了一种电池单体的制造方法400，该电池单体的制造方法400包括：
401，提供外壳11，外壳11包括第一壁112；
402，提供电极组件12；
403，提供端子组件，端子组件包括电极端子13和弹性件15，电极端子13包括固定部131和活动部132；
404，将电极组件12设置于外壳11内；
405，将固定部131固定设置于第一壁112，将固定部131与电极组件12电连接；
406，将活动部132可移动地设置于第一壁112，以使活动部132具有与固定部131接触的第一位置和与固定部131分离的第二位置；
弹性件15用于向活动部132施加弹性力，以使活动部132保持在第一位置；
活动部132被配置为在电池单体1的内部压力达到阈值时克服弹性力从第一位置向第二位置移动，以泄放内部压力。
图9示出了本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造设备500的示意性框图。根据本申请的一些实施例，如图9所示，本申请提供了一种电池单体的制造设备500，电池单体的制造设备500可以包括：提供模块501和组装模块502。
提供模块501，用于提供外壳11、提供电极组件12、提供端子组件，外壳11包括第一壁112，端子组件包括电极端子13和弹性件15，电极端子13包括固定部 131和活动部132；
组装模块502，用于将将电极组件12设置于外壳11内，将固定部131固定设置于第一壁112，将固定部131与电极组件12电连接，将活动部132可移动地设置于第一壁112，以使活动部132具有与固定部131接触的第一位置和与固定部131分离的第二位置，弹性件15用于向活动部132施加弹性力，以使活动部132保持在第一位置，活动部132被配置为在电池单体1的内部压力达到阈值时克服弹性力从第一位置向第二位置移动，以泄放内部压力。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳，包括第一壁；
    电极组件，设置于所述外壳内；
    端子组件，包括电极端子和弹性件，所述电极端子包括用于与所述电极组件电连接的固定部和用于与汇流部件电连接的活动部，所述固定部固定设置于所述第一壁，所述活动部可移动地设置于所述第一壁，所述活动部具有与所述固定部接触的第一位置和与所述固定部分离的第二位置，所述弹性件用于向所述活动部施加弹性力，以使所述活动部保持在所述第一位置；
    其中，所述活动部被配置为在所述电池单体的内部压力达到阈值时克服所述弹性力从所述第一位置向所述第二位置移动，以泄放所述内部压力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述固定部与所述第一壁绝缘隔离，所述活动部处于所述第一位置时与所述第一壁绝缘隔离，所述活动部处于所述第二位置时与所述第一壁接触导电。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池单体，其中，所述端子组件还包括：
    绝缘件，固定于所述第一壁；
    其中，所述固定部固定设置于所述绝缘件，所述活动部可活动地设置于所述绝缘件。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一壁上设置有安装孔，所述绝缘件设置在所述安装孔内。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体，其中，所述绝缘件包括筒体，所述筒体的外周面与所述安装孔的孔壁连接，所述活动部沿所述筒体的轴向可移动地设置于所述筒体内且与所述筒体的内周面密封配合，所述固定部固定于所述筒体，沿所述筒体的轴向，所述固定部位于所述活动部靠近所述电池单体内部的一侧。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其中，所述筒体包括侧壁和底壁，所述侧壁围设在所述底壁的周围，所述固定部穿设于所述底壁，所述活动部与所述侧壁的内周面密封配合，所述活动部与所述底壁之间形成第一腔室，所述底壁或所述固定部设置有用于连通所述电池单体的内部和所述第一腔室的第一通孔。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一通孔处设置有透气膜。
  8. 根据权利要求5-7中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述绝缘件还包括顶盖，所述顶盖覆盖于所述筒体的远离所述电池单体内部的一端，所述活动部包括活塞和活塞杆，所述活塞可移动地设置于所述筒体内且与所述筒体的内周面密封配合，所述活塞杆的一端连接于所述活塞，另一端穿过所述顶盖以用于连接所述汇流部件。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，所述弹性件套设于所述活塞杆，所述弹性件的一端抵接于所述活塞，另一端抵接于所述顶盖。
  10. 根据权利要求5-9中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括：
    泄压通道，所述泄压通道的一端延伸至所述筒体的内周面；
    当所述活动部处于所述第一位置时，所述活动部将所述泄压通道的一端封闭，以使所述泄压通道与所述电池单体的内部断开；
    当所述活动部处于所述第二位置时，所述活动部将所述泄压通道的一端打开，以使所述泄压通道与所述电池单体的内部连通。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池单体，其中，所述泄压通道包括相互连通的第一段和第二段，所述第一段设置于所述筒体，所述第二段设置于所述第一壁。
  12. 根据权利要求5-11中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述侧壁上设置有第二通孔，所述安装孔的孔壁上形成有凸起，所述凸起伸入所述第二通孔，当所述活动部处于所述第二位置时，所述活动部与所述凸起接触导电。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述端子组件的数量为两个，两个所述端子组件的所述电极端子的极性相反。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳包括壳体和端盖，所述壳体具有开口，所述端盖用于覆盖所述开口，所述第一壁为所述端盖。
  15. 一种电池，包括如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的电池单体。
  16. 一种用电设备，包括如权利要求15所述的电池。
  17. 一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：
    提供外壳，所述外壳包括第一壁；
    提供电极组件；
    提供端子组件，所述端子组件包括电极端子和弹性件，所述电极端子包括固定部和活动部；
    将所述电极组件设置于所述外壳内；
    将所述固定部固定设置于所述第一壁，将所述固定部与所述电极组件电连接；
    将所述活动部可移动地设置于所述第一壁，以使所述活动部具有与所述固定部接触的第一位置和与所述固定部分离的第二位置；
    所述弹性件用于向所述活动部施加弹性力，以使所述活动部保持在所述第一位置；
    所述活动部被配置为在所述电池单体的内部压力达到阈值时克服所述弹性力从所述第一位置向所述第二位置移动，以泄放所述内部压力。
  18. 一种电池单体的制造设备，包括：
    提供模块，用于提供外壳、提供电极组件、提供端子组件，所述外壳包括第一壁，所述端子组件包括电极端子和弹性件，所述电极端子包括固定部和活动部；
    组装模块，用于将将所述电极组件设置于所述外壳内，将所述固定部固定设置于所述第一壁，将所述固定部与所述电极组件电连接，将所述活动部可移动地设置于所述第一壁，以使所述活动部具有与所述固定部接触的第一位置和与所述固定部分离的第二位置，所述弹性件用于向所述活动部施加弹性力，以使所述活动部保持在所述第一位置，所述活动部被配置为在所述电池单体的内部压力达到阈值时克服所述弹性力从所述第一位置向所述第二位置移动，以泄放所述内部压力。
PCT/CN2022/073883 2022-01-25 2022-01-25 电池单体、电池、用电设备、电池单体的制造方法及设备 WO2023141784A1 (zh)

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