WO2023136266A1 - 食用魚の生産方法及び食用魚 - Google Patents
食用魚の生産方法及び食用魚 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023136266A1 WO2023136266A1 PCT/JP2023/000488 JP2023000488W WO2023136266A1 WO 2023136266 A1 WO2023136266 A1 WO 2023136266A1 JP 2023000488 W JP2023000488 W JP 2023000488W WO 2023136266 A1 WO2023136266 A1 WO 2023136266A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing food fish and food fish.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method of cultivating rainbow trout and coho salmon in freshwater and seawater and shipping them.
- Patent Document 2 describes an invention in which yellowtail, red sea bream, goldfish, prawns, and short-necked clams are immersed in an aqueous solution containing various amino acids including alanine and valine to increase the concentration of amino acids in muscles.
- Non-Patent Document 1 is a technique of exposing cultured fish to high-salinity water just before shipment to temporarily increase the amino acid content in the fish meat and improve the taste.
- non-patent document 1 describes an invention in which various amino acids in muscles are increased by transferring tiger puffer from an environment with a salinity of 0.9% to seawater with a salinity of 3.5%.
- the present invention increases the resistance to osmotic stress load by alleviating the stress load due to deterioration of water quality, maximizes the effect of improving taste and reduces the risk of mortality, and produces edible fish with higher umami than before.
- the task is to produce efficiently without dying.
- a first aspect includes a first step of stopping the supply of food to the food fish raised in the first breeding water, and after stopping the food supply to the food fish, the food fish breeding water is supplied to the food fish in the first step. a second step of transferring the first breeding water to a second breeding water having a higher salt concentration than the first breeding water; and a third step of landing the edible fish from the second breeding water after transferring to the second breeding water.
- a second aspect is the method of producing an edible fish according to the first aspect, wherein the fasting period during which the supply of food is stopped prior to landing does not exceed 4 days.
- a third aspect is the method for producing edible fish according to the first or second aspect, wherein the period of high-salinity treatment in which the fish are reared in the second breeding water prior to landing does not exceed 3 days.
- the blood osmotic pressure of the food fish within a period not exceeding two days after the transfer from the first breeding water to the second breeding water is This is the method for producing edible fish, wherein the blood osmotic pressure is increased by 20% or more relative to the blood osmotic pressure during breeding in the first breeding water.
- the concentration of alanine in the muscle of the edible fish at the time of landing is the same as the concentration of alanine when shifting from the first breeding water to the second breeding water.
- This is a method for producing food fish, which increases the concentration of alanine in the muscle of the food fish by 1.5 times or more.
- a sixth aspect is the method for producing food fish according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the first breeding water is fresh water or low-salinity breeding water having an osmotic pressure of 250 mOsm/kg or less. be.
- a seventh aspect is the method for producing an edible fish according to the sixth aspect, wherein the edible fish is a fish species capable of growing in freshwater and seawater.
- An eighth aspect is the method for producing an edible fish according to the seventh aspect, wherein the edible fish is a fish belonging to the Salmonidae family.
- a ninth aspect is the method for producing an edible fish according to the eighth aspect, wherein the edible fish is rainbow trout.
- a tenth aspect is any one of the sixth to ninth aspects, wherein the second breeding water is high-salinity breeding water with a salt concentration of 27 ⁇ or more or an osmotic pressure of 800 mOsm/kg or more. production method.
- An eleventh aspect is the method for producing an edible fish according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the edible fish is a fish species that cannot grow in seawater.
- a twelfth aspect is the method for producing food fish according to the eleventh aspect, wherein the second breeding water is breeding water with a high salinity concentration that does not exceed a salinity concentration of 14 ⁇ or an osmotic pressure that does not exceed 400 mOsm/kg. be.
- a thirteenth aspect is the method for producing food fish according to any one of the first to tenth aspects, wherein the food fish, including rainbow trout, has a blood osmotic pressure of 382 mOsm/kg or more.
- a fourteenth aspect is a method for producing food fish according to any one of the first to tenth and thirteenth aspects, wherein the concentration of alanine in the muscle is 7.1 mM or more, including rainbow trout. .
- a fifteenth aspect is an edible fish, including rainbow trout, landed after a fasting period and having a blood osmotic pressure of 382 mOsm/kg or more.
- a sixteenth aspect is an edible fish, including rainbow trout, landed after a fasting period and having a muscle alanine concentration of 7.1 mM or higher.
- the gene expression level of ALT (alanine aminotransferase) involved in alanine biosynthesis in muscle, which is landed after a fasting period, is significantly increased compared to the food fish of the same species. , are edible fish, including rainbow trout.
- the process of exposing to high-salinity water is started after the start of fasting, the stress load caused by the deterioration of water quality is alleviated and the resistance to the osmotic stress load is enhanced.
- the effect of enhancing the taste is maximized and the risk of death is reduced, and it is possible to efficiently produce food fish with higher umami taste than before without causing death.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart explaining each step of the method for producing food fish according to the first and second embodiments.
- FIGS. 2(A) and 2(B) are timing charts illustrating the methods of producing food fish according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment, respectively.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the measurement results of the example, showing changes in the concentration of alanine in the muscles of rainbow trout.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the measurement results of the example, showing changes in the concentration of glutamic acid in the muscles of rainbow trout.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the measurement results of the example, showing changes in the concentration of anserine in the muscles of rainbow trout.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the measurement results of the example, showing changes in the concentration of alanine in the muscles of rainbow trout.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the measurement results of the example, showing changes in the concentration of glutamic acid in the muscles of rainbow trout.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the measurement results of the
- FIG. 6A is a graph showing the gene expression levels of ALT involved in alanine biosynthesis in muscle of food fish produced by the method for producing food fish of the first embodiment, in comparison with comparative examples.
- FIG. 6B is a graph showing the gene expression level of ALT of another species involved in alanine biosynthesis in the muscle of the food fish produced by the method for producing food fish of the first embodiment, in comparison with a comparative example.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the plasma osmotic pressure of food fish produced by the method for producing food fish of the first embodiment, in comparison with a comparative example.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing each step of the method for producing food fish according to the first embodiment.
- Figures 2(A) and (B) show a timing chart of the method for producing food fish according to the first embodiment.
- the edible fish targeted in the first embodiment is rainbow trout.
- Rainbow trout is a fish species belonging to the Salmonidae family, and is a fish species that can grow in both freshwater and seawater.
- the first water tank stores the first breeding water.
- the first breeding water is fresh water, for example.
- a predetermined population of rainbow trout is housed in the first water tank. Feed the rainbow trout regularly.
- the first breeding water does not necessarily have to be fresh water, and may be breeding water with a low salinity concentration that differs from the second breeding water in salinity concentration.
- the first breeding water is preferably breeding water with a low salt concentration of 250 mOsm/kg or less.
- a feeding stop start date and time T1 is set at a predetermined date and time before the rainbow trout is landed, and the first breeding water is used during a predetermined fasting period (T1 to Te1) from the feeding stop start date and time T1 to the fasting end date and time Te1. Stop feeding the captive rainbow trout.
- the fasting period (T1-Te1) should preferably not exceed 4 days before landing the rainbow trout. If the fasting period (T1-Te1) is longer than 4 days, the concentration of free amino acids in the body of the rainbow trout will decrease, and the lipid content will decrease, which may reduce the quality of the fish as an edible fish. be.
- the fasting end date and time Te1 may be any of the beginning T2, the middle, and the end Te2 of the high-salinity treatment period (T2 to Te2) described later.
- the fasting end date and time Te1 is desirably a point in time when water quality does not significantly deteriorate due to excretion or vomiting.
- the fasting end date and time Te1 may be a time when the risk of death can be reduced and the effect of improving taste can be enhanced (first step S1).
- the rainbow trout is transferred from the first tank to the second tank at a second rearing water transfer date T2 after the feeding stop start date T1 when the supply of food to the rainbow trout is stopped.
- a second breeding water is stored in the second water tank.
- the second breeding water is, for example, 80% diluted seawater. 80% diluted seawater corresponds to high salinity breeding water with a salinity of 27 ⁇ or an osmotic pressure of 800 mOsm/kg.
- the second breeding water is not necessarily limited to seawater diluted with tap water or distilled water, and may be breeding water with a higher salt concentration than the first breeding water.
- the second breeding water is desirably high salt concentration breeding water with a salt concentration of 27 ⁇ or more or an osmotic pressure of 800 mOsm/kg or more.
- transition from the first breeding water to the second breeding water does not necessarily have to be accompanied by a shift from the first tank to the second tank. good.
- the high-salinity treatment period (T2-Te2) is set from the second breeding water transfer date and time T2 to the high-salinity treatment end date and time Te2, and the rainbow trout is exposed to high-salinity water during this high-salinity treatment period (T2-Te2). do.
- the high-salinity treatment period (T2-Te2) should preferably not exceed 3 days before landing the rainbow trout. This is because if the high-salinity treatment period (T2 to Te2) exceeds 3 days before landing the rainbow trout, the risk of mortality may increase (second step S2).
- the rainbow trout are landed from the second breeding water on the landing date and time T3 after the second breeding water transfer time and date T2 when the breeding water for the rainbow trout is transferred from the first breeding water to the second breeding water.
- the landing date and time T3 may be the same date and time as the high-salinity treatment end date and time Te2, or may be a date and time after the high-salinity treatment end date and time Te2.
- landing is used as a concept including immediate killing. Almost at the same time as landing, ikijime or nerve-jime is performed. For example, after landing rainbow trout, katsujime or nerve-jime is performed on the spot without transportation.
- the fasting period (T1 to Te1) is set to 3 days, and the two consecutive days of the fasting period (T1 to Te1) are set to the high salt treatment period (T2 to Te2). Landing can be done at the same time as the end.
- the end Te1 of the fasting period (T1-Te1) and the beginning T2 of the high-salinity treatment period (T2-Te2) coincide, the end Te2 of the high-salinity treatment period (T2-Te2) and the landing date T3 coincide, Landing is performed in 5 days from the start of fasting (third step S3).
- the process of exposure to high-salinity water is started. Therefore, the stress load caused by deterioration of water quality is alleviated. Then, the stress capacity of the rainbow trout can be distributed to the osmotic pressure stress that is effective in enhancing the taste of the rainbow trout. This enhances the resistance to osmotic stress loads, maximizing the effect of enhancing the taste and reducing the risk of mortality. For this reason, it is possible to efficiently produce edible fish with high umami flavor compared with the conventional method without killing them.
- the blood osmotic pressure of the rainbow trout should be increased by 20% or more compared to the blood osmotic pressure during breeding in the first breeding water within a period not exceeding two days after the transition from the first breeding water to the second breeding water. It is desirable to set each parameter to In addition, the concentration of alanine in the muscle of the rainbow trout at the time of landing is increased by 1.5 times or more as compared to the concentration of alanine in the muscle of the rainbow trout when shifting from the first breeding water to the second breeding water. It is desirable to set each parameter as follows.
- Fresh water was used as the first breeding water, and 80% diluted seawater (salinity: 27 ⁇ or osmotic pressure: 800 mOsm/kg) was used as the second breeding water.
- the fasting period (T1-Te1) was set to 3 days, and the two days following the fasting period (T1-Te1) were set to the high-salinity treatment period (T2-Te2).
- the blood osmotic pressure of the rainbow trout increased by 21.2% compared to the blood osmotic pressure (315 mOsm/kg) during breeding in the first breeding water after one day from the start of high salt treatment T2. Furthermore, the blood osmotic pressure of the rainbow trout increased by 30.7% compared to the blood osmotic pressure (315 mOsm/kg) when the rainbow trout were reared in the first breeding water two days after the start of the high-salt treatment T2.
- the blood osmotic pressure of the rainbow trout within a period not exceeding two days after the transfer from the first breeding water to the second breeding water was higher than the blood osmotic pressure during breeding in the first breeding water. An increase of 20% or more was confirmed.
- FIG. 3 shows changes in the concentration of alanine in muscle.
- the horizontal axis is before the transition (T1 at the start of fasting), the first day after the transition (one day after the start of the high-salt treatment T2), and the second day after the transition (two days after the start of the high-salt treatment T2), and the vertical axis. indicates the concentration (mM) of alanine in muscle.
- the dashed line in the figure indicates a taste threshold of 7.1 mM.
- Alanine is a representative substance of sweetness among tastes.
- FIG. 4 shows changes in the concentration of glutamate in muscle.
- the horizontal axis is before the transition (T1 at the start of fasting), the first day after the transition (one day after the start of the high-salt treatment T2), and the second day after the transition (two days after the start of the high-salt treatment T2), and the vertical axis. indicates the concentration (mM) of glutamate in muscle.
- Glutamic acid is a representative substance of umami among tastes.
- FIG. 5 shows changes in the concentration of anserine in muscle.
- the horizontal axis is before the transition (T1 at the start of fasting), the first day after the transition (one day after the start of the high-salt treatment T2), and the second day after the transition (two days after the start of the high-salt treatment T2), and the vertical axis. indicates the concentration (mM) of anserine in muscle.
- Anserine is a component that is abundantly contained in the muscles of salmonid fish and the like, and is reported to have functions such as lowering blood pressure, lowering uric acid levels, high inflammation, anti-fatigue, and scavenging active oxygen.
- the concentration of alanine in the muscles of the rainbow trout at the start of fasting T1 was 3.5 (mM)
- the concentration of alanine in the muscles of the rainbow trout on the second day after transition (T2 at the start of high salt treatment) was 3.5 (mM).
- the concentration was 10 (mM).
- the concentration of alanine in the muscles of the rainbow trout at the time of landing is 1.5 times or more the concentration of alanine in the muscles of the rainbow trout when shifting from the first breeding water to the second breeding water. was confirmed.
- the concentration (mM) of alanine in the muscles of the rainbow trout exceeded the taste threshold of 7.1 mM after the first day from the start of the high-salt treatment T2, and it was evaluated that the taste was enhanced. .
- the concentration (mM) of alanine in the muscle of the rainbow trout continued to rise from T2 at the start of the salt treatment until the second day.
- the high salt treatment period (T2 to Te2) should be set to two days, two days plus a predetermined period, or two days minus a predetermined period to improve the taste of the rainbow trout. desirable to obtain.
- the concentration of glutamic acid in the muscle increases from the start to the end of the high-salt treatment, and it is considered that amino acid biosynthesis related to glycolysis and the citric acid cycle is enhanced. bottom. There was no decrease in muscle concentrations of the antioxidant anserine from the beginning to the end of high-salt treatment.
- the rainbow trout produced by the production method of the first embodiment is landed after a fasting period, and is characterized by having a blood osmotic pressure of 382 mOsm/kg or more.
- the rainbow trout produced by the production method of the first embodiment is landed after a fasting period, and is characterized by having a concentration of alanine in the muscle of 7.1 mM or higher.
- the production method is the production method of the food fish of the first embodiment.
- the method for producing rainbow trout as food fish and the rainbow trout produced by this production method have been described.
- the first embodiment can be applied to fish species belonging to the Salmonidae family other than rainbow trout, such as chum salmon, Atlantic salmon (Atlantic salmon), sockeye salmon, coho salmon, and king salmon.
- the first embodiment can be applied to fish species that can grow in freshwater and seawater, such as eel.
- the first embodiment can be applied to seawater fish that cannot grow in freshwater, such as tuna, bonito, horse mackerel, sardine, pufferfish, and other fish species belonging to the genus Tuna, Bonito, Soma, Tiger puffer, and the like.
- the first embodiment can also be applied to fish species that cannot grow in seawater, such as loach, carp, and crucian carp.
- the edible fish targeted in the second embodiment are fish species that cannot grow in seawater.
- the first water tank stores the first breeding water.
- the first breeding water is fresh water, for example.
- a first water tank contains a predetermined population of edible fish that cannot grow in seawater. Raise food fish while feeding them on a regular basis.
- the first breeding water does not necessarily have to be fresh water, and may be breeding water with a low salinity concentration that differs from the second breeding water in salinity concentration.
- the first breeding water is preferably breeding water with a low salt concentration of 250 mOsm/kg or less.
- the first breeding water is used during a predetermined fasting period (T1-Te1) from the start date and time T1 of stopping feeding to the end date and time Te1 of fasting. stop feeding food fish kept in
- the fasting period (T1-Te1) should preferably not exceed 4 days before landing the fish for food.
- the fasting end date and time Te1 may be any of the beginning T2, the middle, and the end Te2 of the high-salinity treatment period (T2 to Te2) described later.
- the fasting end date and time Te1 is desirably a point in time when water quality does not significantly deteriorate due to excretion or vomiting.
- the fasting end date and time Te1 may be a time when the risk of death can be reduced and the effect of improving taste can be enhanced (first step S1).
- the edible fish are transferred from the first tank to the second tank at a second breeding water transfer date T2 after the feeding stop start date T1 at which the supply of food to the edible fish is stopped.
- a second breeding water is stored in the second water tank.
- the second breeding water may have a salt concentration higher than that of the first breeding water.
- the second breeding water is, for example, breeding water with a salt concentration of 14 ⁇ or an osmotic pressure of 400 mOsm/kg.
- the second breeding water is desirably high-salinity breeding water with a salinity not exceeding 14 ⁇ or an osmotic pressure not exceeding 400 mOsm/kg.
- the blood osmotic pressure may be higher than the osmotic pressure of the second breeding water, and the fish may not be able to survive when the salinity exceeds 14 ⁇ or the osmotic pressure exceeds 400 mOsm/kg.
- transition from the first breeding water to the second breeding water does not necessarily have to be accompanied by a shift from the first tank to the second tank. good.
- the high-salinity treatment period (T2-Te2) is set from the second breeding water transfer date and time T2 to the high-salinity treatment end date and time Te2, and the process of exposing the edible fish to high-salinity water during this high-salinity treatment period (T2-Te2). Execute.
- the high-salinity treatment period (T2 to Te2) is desirably a period not exceeding 3 days before the fish for food is landed (second step S2).
- the edible fish are landed from the second breeding water on the landing date and time T3 after the second breeding water transfer date and time T2 when the breeding water for the edible fish is shifted from the first breeding water to the second breeding water.
- the landing date and time T3 may be the same date and time as the high-salinity treatment end date and time Te2, or may be a date and time after the high-salinity treatment end date and time Te2.
- ikijime or nerve-jime is performed.
- tightening or nerve tightening is performed on the spot without transportation.
- the fasting period (T1 to Te1) is set to 3 days, and the two consecutive days of the fasting period (T1 to Te1) are set to the high salt treatment period (T2 to Te2). Landing can be done at the same time as the end.
- the end Te1 of the fasting period (T1-Te1) and the beginning T2 of the high-salinity treatment period (T2-Te2) coincide, the end Te2 of the high-salinity treatment period (T2-Te2) and the landing date T3 coincide, Landing is performed in 5 days from the start of fasting (third step S3).
- the stress load due to the deterioration of water quality is alleviated and the resistance to the osmotic stress load is enhanced.
- the effect of raising the taste is maximized and the risk of death is reduced, and it is possible to efficiently produce edible fish with higher umami than before without causing death. .
- 6A and 6B show the gene expression levels of two ALTs (alanine aminotransferases) involved in alanine biosynthesis in the muscle of food fish produced by the method for producing food fish of the first embodiment, compared with a comparative example. It is a graph shown by
- FIG. 6A shows a group of food fish (hereinafter referred to as seawater transfer group) G11 produced by the method for producing food fish of the first embodiment for one of the two types of ALT, and G11 of the food fish of the first comparative example.
- Group G21 hereinafter referred to as pre-transition control group
- group G22 of food fish of the second comparative example hereinafter referred to as post-transition control group
- FIG. 6B shows the ALT of the other of the two types of ALT, the group of food fish (hereinafter referred to as the seawater transition group) G12 produced by the method for producing food fish of the first embodiment, and the food fish of the third comparative example.
- Group G23 (hereinafter referred to as pre-transition control group) and group G24 of the fourth comparative example of food fish hereinafter referred to as post-transition control group) are shown for comparison.
- the seawater migration groups G11 and G12 are groups of rainbow trout that have been transferred from a freshwater rearing environment to a seawater rearing environment and landed after a fasting period, for example, a group of six rainbow trout samples.
- the pre-transition control groups G21 and G23 are groups of rainbow trout landed in a freshwater breeding environment, for example, a group of rainbow trout with 6 samples.
- Post-transfer control groups G22 and G24 are rainbow trout that were transferred from the freshwater breeding environment to the freshwater breeding environment in another tank, and landed after a fasting period.
- the vertical axis in FIGS. 6A and 6B indicates the expression level of ALT mRNA/ef1 ⁇ ( ⁇ 10 3 ). Note that "10 ⁇ 3" is defined as “10 to the third power”. ef1 ⁇ is an internal standard gene, and is used here for standardization when quantifying the expression level of ALT mRNA. In the embodiment, the ALT gene expression level is evaluated as the ALT mRNA expression level.
- the vertical axes in FIGS. 6A and 6B indicate average values measured for six rainbow trout samples.
- Tukey's HSD Test was used to compare seawater transfer groups G11 and G12 with pre-transfer control groups G21 and G23 and post-transfer control groups G22 and G24 of comparative examples.
- the significance level was 0.05 (5%), and significance was determined when the significance probability P value was smaller than the significance level of 0.05 (P ⁇ 0.05). The test was repeated for six rainbow trout samples.
- the gene expression level of the ALT of the other species in the seawater migration group G12 is the control group G23 before migration of Comparative Example 3 and the ALT gene of the other species in the control group G24 after migration of Comparative Example 4.
- the increase relative to the expression level was statistically significant (not an accidental increase), and was attributed to the transition from the freshwater breeding environment to the seawater breeding environment and going through a fasting period. became clear.
- the gene expression level of ALT, an enzyme involved in alanine biosynthesis, in the alanine metabolic pathway in an individual of an edible fish, for example, a rainbow trout decreased to that of a comparative example. increases significantly compared to From this result, it is considered that the biosynthesis of alanine is promoted with the transition of the seawater environment through the fasting period, and the amount of alanine accumulated in the muscles of the rainbow trout significantly increases compared to the comparative example.
- the ALT gene expression level was involved in the increase in alanine accumulation.
- Alanine a free amino acid, is deeply involved in the taste (sweetness) of rainbow trout. Therefore, the group of rainbow trout exhibiting a significant increase in the ALT gene expression level compared to the comparative example is the rainbow trout with enhanced taste (sweetness) produced by the method for producing food fish of the first embodiment. It can be specified as a group.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the plasma osmotic pressure of food fish produced by the method for producing food fish of the first embodiment, in comparison with a comparative example.
- seawater transition group G13 produced by the food fish production method of the first embodiment, pre-transfer control group G25 of the fifth comparative example, and post-transfer control of the sixth comparative example Group G26 is shown in contrast.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 7 indicates plasma osmotic pressure (mOsm/kg).
- the seawater migration group G13 is the same population as the seawater migration groups G11 and G12 shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B.
- the seawater migration group G13 is the same population as the seawater migration groups G11 and G12 shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B.
- the pre-migration control group G25 is the same group of individuals as the pre-migration control groups G21 and G23 shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B.
- the post-migration control group G26 is the same group of individuals as the post-migration control groups G22 and G24 shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B.
- FIG. 7 shows that the average plasma osmotic pressure of the seawater migration group G13 was 383 mOsm/kg, the average plasma osmotic pressure of the control group G25 before migration of the fifth comparative example was 303 mOsm/kg, and the migration of the sixth comparative example was 303 mOsm/kg. It shows an increase compared to the mean plasma osmolarity of 308 mOsm/kg in the post-control group G26.
- the increase in plasma osmotic pressure in the seawater transfer group G13 shown in FIG. It shows an increase in alanine as an amino acid.
- the group of rainbow trout is a group of rainbow trout in which alanine biosynthesis is performed by ALT in the alanine metabolic pathway in the rainbow trout individual, thereby increasing alanine in the muscle, and the production of the first embodiment It can be identified as a group of rainbow trout with enhanced palatability (sweetness) produced by the method.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (17)
- 第1の飼育水で飼育される食用魚に対する餌の供給を停止する第1工程と、
前記食用魚に対する餌の供給を停止した後に、前記食用魚の飼育水を、前記第1の飼育水から当該第1の飼育水の塩分濃度よりも高い塩分濃度の第2の飼育水に移行させる第2工程と、
前記食用魚の飼育水を、前記第1の飼育水から前記第2の飼育水に移行させた後に、前記食用魚を前記第2の飼育水から水揚げする第3工程と、
を含む食用魚の生産方法。 - 水揚げ前に餌の供給が停止されている絶食期間が4日を超えない期間である、
請求項1に記載の食用魚の生産方法。 - 水揚げ前に前記第2の飼育水で飼育されている高塩分処理期間が3日を超えない期間である、
請求項1又は2に記載の食用魚の生産方法。 - 前記第1の飼育水から前記第2の飼育水に移行後2日を超えない期間内に前記食用魚の血液浸透圧が、前記第1の飼育水における飼育時の血液浸透圧に対して20%以上上昇する、
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の食用魚の生産方法。 - 水揚げ時の前記食用魚の筋肉中のアラニンの濃度が、前記第1の飼育水から前記第2の飼育水に移行する際の前記食用魚の筋肉中のアラニンの濃度に対して1.5倍以上に上昇する、
請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の食用魚の生産方法。 - 前記第1の飼育水は、淡水又は浸透圧が250mOsm/kg以下の低塩分濃度の飼育水である、
請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の食用魚の生産方法。 - 前記食用魚は、淡水及び海水で生育可能な魚種である、
請求項6に記載の食用魚の生産方法。 - 前記食用魚は、サケ科に属する魚種である、
請求項7に記載の食用魚の生産方法。 - 前記食用魚は、ニジマスである、
請求項8に記載の食用魚の生産方法。 - 前記第2の飼育水は、塩分濃度27‰以上又は浸透圧800mOsm/kg以上の高塩分濃度の飼育水である、
請求項6から9のいずれか一項に記載の食用魚の生産方法。 - 前記食用魚は、海水で生育不可能な魚種である、
請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の食用魚の生産方法。 - 前記第2の飼育水は、塩分濃度14‰を超えない又は浸透圧400mOsm/kgを超えない高塩分濃度の飼育水である、
請求項11に記載の食用魚の生産方法。 - 血液の浸透圧が382mOsm/kg以上である、ニジマスを含む食用魚を生産する、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の食用魚の生産方法。
- 筋肉中のアラニンの濃度が7.1mM以上である、ニジマスを含む食用魚を生産する、請求項1から10及び13のいずれか一項に記載の食用魚の生産方法。
- 絶食期間を経て水揚げされ、血液の浸透圧が382mOsm/kg以上になっている、ニジマスを含む食用魚。
- 絶食期間を経て水揚げされ、筋肉中のアラニンの濃度が7.1mM以上になっている、ニジマスを含む食用魚。
- 絶食期間を経て水揚げされ、筋肉中のアラニン生合成に関与するALT(アラニンアミノトランスフェラーゼ)の遺伝子発現量が、同種の食用魚と比較して、有意な増加を呈している、ニジマスを含む食用魚。
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