WO2023120720A1 - 新規澱粉分解物の製造方法 - Google Patents
新規澱粉分解物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023120720A1 WO2023120720A1 PCT/JP2022/047725 JP2022047725W WO2023120720A1 WO 2023120720 A1 WO2023120720 A1 WO 2023120720A1 JP 2022047725 W JP2022047725 W JP 2022047725W WO 2023120720 A1 WO2023120720 A1 WO 2023120720A1
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- Prior art keywords
- starch
- waxy
- mass
- waxy seed
- amylase
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 102000004139 alpha-Amylases Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 108090000637 alpha-Amylases Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229940024171 alpha-amylase Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002486 Waxy potato starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 27
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
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- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 8
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- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000015067 sauces Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920000945 Amylopectin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 3
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000001592 Amaranthus caudatus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009328 Amaranthus caudatus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000195940 Bryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005273 Canna coccinea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000008555 Canna flaccida Species 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004278 EU approved seasoning Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002774 Maltodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005913 Maltodextrin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000004713 Pisum sativum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010582 Pisum sativum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012735 amaranth Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004178 amaranth Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021015 bananas Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021185 dessert Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015071 dressings Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002523 gelfiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010353 genetic engineering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000021374 legumes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940035034 maltodextrin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000011929 mousse Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- DBTMGCOVALSLOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 32-alpha-galactosyl-3-alpha-galactosyl-galactose Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(OC2C(C(CO)OC(O)C2O)O)OC(CO)C1O DBTMGCOVALSLOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001685 Amylomaize Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RXVWSYJTUUKTEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-maltotriose Natural products OC1C(O)C(OC(C(O)CO)C(O)C(O)C=O)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 RXVWSYJTUUKTEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002245 Dextrose equivalent Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010073178 Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100022624 Glucoamylase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000004373 Pullulan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001218 Pullulan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013334 alcoholic beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016213 coffee Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013353 coffee beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021438 curry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011950 custard Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182478 glucoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000015243 ice cream Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008960 ketchup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020888 liquid diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021056 liquid food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N mannotriose Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(CO)OC(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)C(O)C1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011962 puddings Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019423 pullulan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014214 soft drink Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013547 stew Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009747 swallowing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013618 yogurt Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-BYLHFPJWSA-N β-1,4-galactotrioside Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-BYLHFPJWSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/04—Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/30—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols, e.g. xylitol; containing starch hydrolysates, e.g. dextrin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B30/00—Preparation of starch, degraded or non-chemically modified starch, amylose, or amylopectin
- C08B30/12—Degraded, destructured or non-chemically modified starch, e.g. mechanically, enzymatically or by irradiation; Bleaching of starch
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for simply and efficiently producing a starch hydrolyzate that has a low DE and is resistant to aging.
- the starch hydrolyzate can be obtained as a starch hydrolyzate with a desired DE value by reacting ⁇ -amylase (liquefying enzyme), glucoamylase (saccharifying enzyme), or acid on the raw starch suspension.
- ⁇ -amylase liquefying enzyme
- glucoamylase sacharifying enzyme
- starch hydrolysates with a low degree of decomposition i.e., starch hydrolysates with a low DE value
- starch hydrolysates with a low DE value are used in powdered foods such as seasonings and soup bases, and in recent years have also been used in nursing care foods such as liquid diets and swallowing aids. ing.
- the starch hydrolyzate with a low DE value is once dissolved in water, it deteriorates over time and becomes cloudy, which has the problem of adversely affecting the appearance and texture of food and drink.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a method in which raw starch is hydrolyzed to obtain a highly stable starch hydrolyzate with a DE of 20 to 40, and then low-molecular-weight saccharides are separated using a reverse osmosis membrane. Further, in Patent Document 2, amylopectin-containing starch is treated with a special enzyme to increase ⁇ -1,6 bonds, and then maltodextrin having a molecular weight of about 20,000 to 50,000 daltons and a DE value of less than 8 is ultrafiltered. Disclosed is a method of fractionating at
- Patent Document 3 waxy tapioca starch is aged to a DE value of 1.2 to 1.7 by two-step decomposition with ⁇ -amylase under specific conditions without going through a special step of separating low-molecular-weight sugars. It is disclosed that a hard starch hydrolyzate is obtained.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for simply, inexpensively and efficiently producing a starch hydrolyzate having a low DE and high aging stability.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a starch hydrolyzate having a low DE, high aging stability, and relatively low viscosity.
- the present inventors first attempted to solve this problem by adding a specific amount of a starch hydrolyzate made from waxy seed starch to a starch hydrolyzate made from relatively inexpensive non-waxy seed starch. Tried.
- a plurality of starch hydrolysates are not mixed afterward, but are mixed at the stage of the raw material starch, that is, waxy starch is mixed in advance at a specific ratio with respect to non-waxy starch.
- the present inventors have completed the present invention by discovering that a starch hydrolyzate having a low DE and high aging stability can be obtained by hydrolyzing it with an acid and/or ⁇ -amylase.
- the present invention comprises the following [1] to [5].
- [1] A method for producing a starch hydrolyzate, which comprises the step of hydrolyzing a mixed suspension of waxy seed starch and non-waxy seed starch with one or more of acid or ⁇ -amylase.
- [2] The method for producing a starch hydrolyzate according to [1] above, wherein the waxy seed starch is one or more selected from the group consisting of waxy tapioca starch, waxy corn starch, waxy potato starch and waxy rice starch.
- Starch hydrolyzate is also called “starch syrup”, “dextrin”, “maltodextrin”, etc., and is obtained by hydrolyzing starch with acid and/or enzymes.
- the degree of decomposition is generally represented by “DE value” (dextrose equivalent), and the DE value of the starch hydrolyzate of the present invention is 5 to 10, preferably 5 to 8, more preferably 6 to 8. be.
- the DE value here is an analytical value by the Willstetter-Schudel method, and is obtained by the formula "[(mass of direct reducing sugar (expressed as glucose)) / (mass of solid content)] x 100". .
- the "waxy seed starch” used as a raw material in the method of the present invention is a starch having an amylopectin content of 90% by mass or more, preferably 95% by mass or more.
- This "waxy seed starch” may be natural starch found in nature or other plant-derived starch including algae obtained by standard breeding techniques including genetic engineering techniques. tubers, roots, algae, legumes and fruits. More specific examples of sources include waxy species of corn, peas, potatoes, sweet potatoes, bananas, barley, wheat, rice, sago, amaranth, tapioca, canna, and sorghum. Waxy tapioca, waxy corn, waxy potato or glutinous rice are preferred, and among these, waxy tapioca is more preferred.
- non-waxy seed starch used as a raw material in the method of the present invention refers to anything other than the waxy seed starch, and includes so-called high-amylose starch. Its amylopectin content is less than 90% by weight, preferably less than 85% by weight.
- This "non-waxy starch” may be any natural starch found in nature or any plant-derived starch including algae obtained by standard breeding techniques including genetic engineering techniques. , cereals, tubers, roots, algae, legumes and fruits.
- sources include corn, peas, potatoes, sweet potatoes, bananas, barley, wheat, rice, sago, amaranth, tapioca, canna, sorghum, preferably tapioca, corn, potatoes or rice. Among them, tapioca is more preferable.
- the method of the present invention employs a mixed suspension of waxy seed starch and non-waxy seed starch.
- a step of pre-mixing the waxy seed starch and the non-waxy seed starch before the hydrolysis step (raw material mixing step) may be included in order to prepare the mixed suspension.
- the mixing ratio mass ratio of solid content
- mass ratio is at least 10% by mass or more. It is preferably 30% by mass or more, more preferably 50% by mass or more.
- the mass ratio of waxy seed starch to the total mass of waxy seed starch and non-waxy seed starch is 10 to 50 if cost effectiveness is taken into consideration. It is desirable to keep it within the mass % range.
- the solvent for the mixed suspension of waxy seed starch and non-waxy seed starch is not particularly limited, but examples include water.
- the total mass fraction of solids of the waxy seed starch and the non-waxy seed starch in the mixed suspension to be hydrolyzed is preferably 15 to 40 mass %, more preferably 20 to 40 mass %. .
- the method of the present invention essentially includes a step of hydrolyzing the mixed suspension obtained by mixing the waxy seed starch and the non-waxy starch at a specific mass ratio (hydrolysis step), and further purifying the suspension (purification step). step) may be included.
- hydrolysis step hydrolysis is performed using acid and/or ⁇ -amylase.
- the type of acid used is not particularly limited, and examples include hydrochloric acid and oxalic acid.
- the amount of acid to be used can be appropriately adjusted depending on the type of acid.
- the amount is 0.1 to 0.6% by mass based on the solid content of raw starch (total of waxy seed starch and non-waxy seed starch). and more preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by mass.
- the temperature in the acid hydrolysis step is preferably 100° C. to 140° C., more preferably 120° C. to 140° C., and the pH is preferably 1.0 to 2.0, more preferably 1.6 to 2. .0 and the treatment time is preferably 5 to 60 minutes, more preferably 10 to 40 minutes. Also, the raw material starch concentration during treatment is preferably about 15 to 40% by mass.
- This hydrolysis step with an acid can also be carried out using a heating device such as a heating and pressurized steaming pot or a jet cooker.
- the treatment temperature and treatment time can be adjusted while monitoring the progress of the reaction by thin layer chromatography, HPLC, DE value or osmotic pressure.
- ⁇ -amylase is an endo-type enzyme that hydrolyzes the ⁇ -1,4-linked glucoside bond of starch. made), etc.
- the amount of ⁇ -amylase used is preferably 0.01 to 0.2% by mass, more preferably 0%, based on the solid content of the raw material starch (total mass of waxy seed starch and non-waxy seed starch). 0.02 to 0.18% by mass.
- the temperature in the hydrolysis step with ⁇ -amylase is preferably 70 to 100°C, more preferably 75 to 90°C, and the pH is preferably 5.0 to 7.0, more preferably 5.5 to 6.0°C. 5.
- the concentration of raw material starch (total of waxy seed starch and non-waxy seed starch) when treated with ⁇ -amylase is preferably about 15 to 40% by mass.
- the hydrolysis reaction by ⁇ -amylase can be adjusted by setting the reaction treatment time to preferably 3 to 40 minutes, more preferably 5 to 30 minutes.
- the DE value or osmotic pressure (15% by mass aqueous solution) of the decomposed product reaches a predetermined range, for example, a DE value of 5 to 10 or an osmotic pressure of 50 to 110 mOSmol/kg, an increase of about 0.2 MPa. It can also be adjusted by pressure treatment or terminating the reaction with an acid such as oxalic acid.
- a heating apparatus such as a heating and pressurized cooking pot or a jet cooker may be used.
- the hydrolysis step can be performed with acid or ⁇ -amylase as described above, or can be performed by two-step hydrolysis with acid and ⁇ -amylase.
- acid hydrolysis is performed under the conditions described above, and after adjusting the pH to 5.0 to 7.0 with oxalic acid or slaked lime, hydrolysis with ⁇ -amylase can be performed under the conditions described above.
- Acid decomposition can be performed after ⁇ -amylase decomposition, or ⁇ -amylase decomposition can be performed after ⁇ -amylase decomposition, but the latter is preferable from the viewpoint of production efficiency. preferable.
- ⁇ -amylase decomposition is further performed after ⁇ -amylase decomposition, for example, raw material starch with a concentration of about 15 to 40% by mass is added with 0.01 to 0.2 mass with respect to the solid content mass of raw material starch. %, more preferably 0.02 to 0.18% by mass, of ⁇ -amylase is added to perform the first-stage ⁇ -amylase decomposition.
- the treatment time is preferably 3 to 40 minutes, more preferably 5 to 30 minutes.
- 0.01 to 0.2% by mass more preferably 0.02 to 0.1% by mass of ⁇ - ⁇ -amylase degradation can be performed by adding amylase.
- the osmotic pressure of the decomposition product (15% by mass aqueous solution) reaches a predetermined range, for example, 50 to 110 mOSmol / kg, pressurization of about 0.2 MPa
- the reaction may be terminated by treatment or an acid such as oxalic acid.
- the treatment temperature is preferably 70 to 100° C., more preferably 75 to 90° C. in any of the decomposition steps.
- the pH is preferably 5.0 to 7.0, more preferably 5.5 to 6.5.
- a heating apparatus such as a heating and pressurized steaming pot or a jet cooker may be used in this decomposition step. It is considered that the shape of the starch chain is changed by subjecting the first-stage ⁇ -amylase decomposition to a pressure treatment, etc., and the second-stage ⁇ -amylase becomes easier to act, resulting in uniform and efficient decomposition.
- the reaction solution obtained through the above hydrolysis step can be filtered through diatomaceous earth and desalted with an ion exchange resin, and then concentrated into a liquid product, or can be pulverized into a powder product by spray drying or the like.
- the refined starch hydrolyzate liquid can be directly reduced (hydrogenated) to obtain a reduced starch hydrolyzate.
- the starch hydrolyzate obtained by the method of the present invention has excellent aging stability.
- the “aging stability” referred to here is evaluated as an index of turbidity after refrigerating a 15% by mass aqueous solution of a starch hydrolyzate at 4° C. for a certain period of time, and the turbidity is a 15% by mass aqueous solution of a starch hydrolyzate.
- the turbidity after 16 days of refrigeration is 10.0 or less, preferably 2.0 or less, and more preferably 1.6 or less.
- the molecular weight referred to in the present invention is the number average molecular weight, which can be determined from the molecular weight distribution obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) by gel filtration. For example, it can be determined from the molecular weight distribution obtained under the following analytical conditions: [Column]: TSKgel G2500PWXL, G3000PWXL, G6000PWXL (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), [Column temperature]: 80°C, [Mobile phase]: distilled water, [Flow rate]: 0.5 mL/min, [Detector]: differential refractometer, [Sample injection volume]: 100 ⁇ L of 1% by mass aqueous solution, [Calibration curve]: pullulan standard (manufactured by Showa Denko KK), maltotriose and glucose.
- the analysis of sugar composition in the present invention is performed by the following method using high performance liquid chromatography, and the composition is expressed as simple area %: [Column]: MCI GEL CK04SS (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) [Column temperature]: 80°C, [Mobile phase]: distilled water, [Flow rate]: 0.3 mL/min, [Detector]: differential refractometer, [Sample injection volume]: 10 ⁇ L of 5% by mass solution.
- the starch hydrolyzate obtained by the method of the present invention has a number average molecular weight of 1,500 to 4,000, preferably 2,000 to 4,000, more preferably 2,000 to 3,000, and a sugar composition of The percentage of DP 8 or higher is 70% or more, preferably 80-93%, more preferably 80-88%, and the DE value is 5-10, preferably 5-8, more preferably 6-8.
- This DE value is a relatively low value for a starch hydrolyzate.
- the starch hydrolyzate obtained by the method of the present invention has high aging stability in spite of its low DE value.
- the starch hydrolyzate obtained by the method of the present invention can be suitably used for food and drink.
- the type of the food and drink is not particularly limited, it can be particularly suitably used in liquid or fluid food and drink, in which transparency and smoothness are important.
- soft drinks such as coffee, tea, juice, beverages such as alcoholic beverages, milk-containing foods such as ice cream, milk pudding, custard cream, yogurt, mousse, dessert products such as jelly, soups and sauces, sushi vinegar, dressings , ketchup, seasonings such as sauces, curries, stews, concentrated liquid foods, enteral nutrients, etc.
- dessert products such as mousse, soups and sauces, sauces, dressings, etc.
- the content of the starch hydrolyzate obtained by the method of the present invention in these foods and drinks is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 2 to 15% by mass, and still more preferably 2 to 11% by mass.
- the amount is sufficient, it is possible to obtain a food or drink in which white turbidity due to aging is suppressed and transparency is not impaired.
- a mixed raw material was prepared by blending waxy tapioca starch and tapioca starch at the mass ratio shown in Table 1.
- this decomposition solution is adjusted to about 6.0 using slaked lime and oxalic acid, and the above-mentioned ⁇ -amylase is added again so that the solid content of the raw material is 0.04% by mass. reacted.
- the osmotic pressure (15% by mass aqueous solution) reaches 62 to 66 mOSmol/kg
- the enzyme is deactivated by adjusting the pH to 3.5 or less with oxalic acid, and the DE value is 6.4 to 6.7.
- a stepped solution was obtained.
- pH conductivity
- the degree of coloration and turbidity of each starch hydrolyzate was measured by placing a 30% by weight aqueous solution in a 1 cm plastic cell. The degree of coloring was confirmed by multiplying the absorbance difference between 420 nm and 720 nm by 10 (spectrophotometer U-2900, manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation), and the turbidity was confirmed by multiplying the absorbance by 10 at a wavelength of 720 nm. .
- osmotic pressure The osmotic pressure of each starch hydrolyzate was measured using an osmometer (ModelOsmometer 3250, manufactured by ADVANCED INSTRUMENTS) for a 10% by mass aqueous solution.
- viscosity The viscosity of each starch decomposition product was measured for 30 seconds using a viscometer (BM type manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.) set at 60 revolutions/minute and a rotor No. 1 while keeping a 30% by weight aqueous solution at 30°C.
- the number average molecular weight of each starch hydrolyzate was determined from the molecular weight distribution obtained by high performance liquid chromatography using gel filtration. The analysis conditions are shown in Table 3, and the formula for calculating the number average molecular weight Mn is shown in Formula 1.
- sugar composition The sugar composition of the starch hydrolyzate was obtained from the chromatogram obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography under the conditions shown in Table 4. ) was calculated and used as sugar composition % (mass %).
- Prototype no. 1 and mixture no. 1 (the same at 10% by mass), or prototype No. 2 and mixture no. 2 (the same at 30% by mass) were compared, it was found that the prototype had better aging stability than the mixed product.
- mixed product No. Prototype No. 3 (mixing ratio of waxy seed starch is 40% by mass). 2 (mixing ratio of waxy seed starch is 30% by mass) is superior in aging stability, and by mixing a small amount of waxy seed starch in the raw material stage, a starch hydrolyzate with excellent aging stability can be efficiently obtained. It was found that
- the waxy seed starch should be at least 10% by mass with respect to the total mass of the waxy seed starch and the non-waxy seed starch (solid content mass ratio). After mixing, this may be hydrolyzed with acid and/or ⁇ -amylase.
- the starch hydrolyzate obtained by this method has a DE value of 5 to 10, a number average molecular weight of 1,500 to 4,000, a proportion of DP8 or higher in the sugar composition of 70% or higher, and improved aging stability. It becomes what was done.
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Abstract
Description
また、特許文献3の方法で得られる澱粉分解物は比較的高い分子量を有しているため粘度が高くなり、使用できる食品が限定されたり、滅菌フィルターに通りにくいという弊害が生じやすい。
また本発明のさらなる目的は低DEでありながら老化安定性が高い澱粉分解物であって、比較的粘度の低い澱粉分解物を提供することである。
[1]ワキシー種澱粉と非ワキシー種澱粉の混合懸濁液に、酸又はα-アミラーゼのいずれか一以上を作用させて加水分解する工程を含む、澱粉分解物の製造方法。
[2]ワキシー種澱粉が、ワキシータピオカ澱粉、ワキシーコーン澱粉、ワキシーポテト澱粉及びモチ米澱粉からなる群より選択される一以上である、上記[1]記載の澱粉分解物の製造方法。
[3]非ワキシー種澱粉が、タピオカ澱粉、コーン澱粉、ポテト澱粉及び米澱粉からなる群より選択される一以上である、上記[1]又は[2]に記載の澱粉分解物の製造方法。
[4]ワキシー種澱粉と非ワキシー種澱粉の合計質量に対するワキシー種澱粉の質量比(固形分質量比)が少なくとも10質量%である、上記[1]~[3]のいずれか一項に記載の澱粉分解物の製造方法。
[5]澱粉分解物の数平均分子量が1,500~4,000であり、糖組成のDP8以上が70%以上である、上記[1]~[4]のいずれか一項に記載の澱粉分解物の製造方法。
ワキシー種澱粉と非ワキシー種澱粉の混合懸濁液は、その混合比(固形分質量比)が重要であり、ワキシー種澱粉と非ワキシー種澱粉の合計質量に対するワキシー種澱粉の質量比(固形分質量比)が少なくとも10質量%以上であればよい。好ましくは30質量%以上、より好ましくは50質量%以上である。もっとも、ワキシー種澱粉は高価であることから、対費用効果を考慮するのであれば、ワキシー種澱粉と非ワキシー種澱粉の合計質量に対するワキシー種澱粉の質量比(固形分質量比)は10~50質量%の範囲にとどめておくことが望ましい。
ワキシー種澱粉と非ワキシー種澱粉の混合懸濁液の溶媒は特に限定されないが、例えば水が挙げられる。
加水分解に供する混合懸濁液中のワキシー種澱粉と非ワキシー種澱粉の固形分の合計質量分率は、15~40質量%であることが好ましく、20~40質量%であることがより好ましい。
上記加水分解工程では、酸及び/又はα-アミラーゼを用いて加水分解を行う。酸を用いる場合は、使用する酸の種類は特に制限されないが、例えば、塩酸やシュウ酸等が挙げられる。酸の使用量は、酸の種類により適宜調整でき、例えばシュウ酸の場合、原料澱粉の固形分質量(ワキシー種澱粉と非ワキシー種澱粉の合計)に対して0.1~0.6質量%であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.1~0.5質量%である。
また、α-アミラーゼで処理する際の原料澱粉(ワキシー種澱粉と非ワキシー種澱粉の合計)濃度は、15~40質量%程度であることが好ましい。その際、α-アミラーゼによる加水分解反応の調整は、反応処理時間を好ましくは3~40分、より好ましくは5~30分とすることで可能である。その他にも、分解処理物のDE値又は浸透圧(15質量%水溶液)が所定の範囲、例えばDE値5~10又は浸透圧50~110mOSmol/kgに到達した時点で、0.2MPa程度の加圧処理又はシュウ酸などの酸により反応を終了させることによって調整することもできる。また、このα-アミラーゼによる加水分解工程は、加熱加圧蒸煮釜やジェットクッカーなどの加熱装置を用いてもよい。
[カラム]:TSKgel G2500PWXL,G3000PWXL,G6000PWXL(東ソー(株)製)、
[カラム温度]:80℃、
[移動相]:蒸留水、
[流速]:0.5mL/min、
[検出器]:示差屈折率計、
[サンプル注入量]:1質量%水溶液100μL、
[検量線]:プルラン標準品(昭和電工(株)製)、マルトトリオース及びグルコース。
Mn=ΣHi/Σ(Hi/Mi) [Hi:ピーク高さ、Mi:分子量]。
[カラム]:MCI GEL CK04SS(三菱ケミカル(株)社製)
[カラム温度]:80℃、
[移動相]:蒸留水、
[流速]:0.3mL/min、
[検出器]:示差屈折率計、
[サンプル注入量]:5質量%溶液10μL。
ワキシータピオカ澱粉とタピオカ澱粉を表1に示した質量割合で配合した混合原料を調製した。
表1の各混合原料を水に懸濁して21質量%澱粉スラリー液とし、消石灰及びシュウ酸を用いてpH6.0程度に調整してから、対原料固形分0.14質量%となるようα-アミラーゼ(クライスターゼL1、天野エンザイム社製)を添加した。この酵素-澱粉水懸濁液を、83℃に保温された加熱加圧蒸煮釜へ投入して29分間酵素反応を行い、0.2MPaの加圧処理により酵素を失活して分解液を得た。この分解液のDE値は4.4~4.8であった。次に、この分解液を、消石灰及びシュウ酸を用いてpHを6.0程度に調整し、対原料固形分0.04質量%となるよう上述のα-アミラーゼを再度添加し、83℃で反応させた。その後、浸透圧(15質量%水溶液)が62~66mOSmol/kgに到達した時点で、シュウ酸でpH3.5以下とすることにより酵素を失活させ、DE値6.4~6.7の二段分解液を得た。
得られた二段分解液を、活性炭及び珪藻土によるろ過、並びにイオン交換樹脂による脱塩によって精製した後、30質量%まで濃縮し、澱粉混合品1~4に各々対応する澱粉分解物試作品1~4(以降、「試作品No.1~4」ともいう。)を得た。
試作品No.3(ワキシータピオカ澱粉の分解物)及び試作品No.4(タピオカ澱粉の分解物)を表2の質量割合で配合し、30質量%の各水溶液を調製した。
pHは、30質量%水溶液をpHメーター(D-51、(株)堀場製作所社製)により測定した。導電率は、30質量%水溶液を電気伝導率計(ES-71、(株)堀場製作所社製)により測定した。
各澱粉分解物の着色度及び濁度は、30質量%水溶液を1cmのプラスティック材質のセルに入れて測定した。着色度は420nmと720nmの吸光度の差を10倍した値(分光光度計 U-2900、日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製)をもって確認し、濁度は、720nmの波長における吸光度を10倍した値をもって確認した。
製造工程段階の分解処理物、又は最終的に得られる澱粉分解物のDE値は、ウイルシュテッターシューデル法(「澱粉糖関連工業分析法」、食品化学新聞社発行(平成3年11月1日発行))により測定した。
各澱粉分解物の浸透圧は、10質量%水溶液を浸透圧計(ModelOsmometer3250、ADVANCED INSTRUMENTS社製)により測定した。
各澱粉分解物の粘度は、30質量%水溶液を30℃に保ち、60回転/分に設定した粘度計(BM型 東機産業社製)及びローター番号1を用いて30秒間測定した。
各澱粉分解物の数平均分子量は、ゲルろ過による高速液体クロマトグラフィーより得られる分子量分布から求めた。分析条件は表3に、数平均分子量Mnの計算式は数1に示す。
Mn=ΣHi/Σ(Hi/Mi) [Hi:ピーク高さ、Mi:分子量]
澱粉分解物の糖組成は、表4に示す条件下の高速液体クロマトグラフィーにより得られるクロマトグラムから単純面積%(全ピーク面積(サンプル中の糖の全量に対応)を100%としたときの割合)を算出し、糖組成%(質量%)とした。
各澱粉分解物の15質量%水溶液をガラス製のバイアル瓶に入れて4℃で0、2、4、6、8、12、16日間冷蔵し、経日の濁度を測定した。結果を以下の表6に示す。
Claims (7)
- ワキシー種澱粉と非ワキシー種澱粉の混合懸濁液に、酸又はα-アミラーゼのいずれか一以上を作用させて加水分解する工程を含む、澱粉分解物の製造方法。
- ワキシー種澱粉が、ワキシータピオカ澱粉、ワキシーコーン澱粉、ワキシーポテト澱粉及びモチ米澱粉からなる群より選択される一以上である、請求項1記載の澱粉分解物の製造方法。
- 非ワキシー種澱粉が、タピオカ澱粉、コーン澱粉、ポテト澱粉及び米澱粉からなる群より選択される一以上である、請求項1に記載の澱粉分解物の製造方法。
- 非ワキシー種澱粉が、タピオカ澱粉、コーン澱粉、ポテト澱粉及び米澱粉からなる群より選択される一以上である、請求項2に記載の澱粉分解物の製造方法。
- ワキシー種澱粉と非ワキシー種澱粉の合計質量に対するワキシー種澱粉の質量比(固形分質量比)が、少なくとも10質量%である、請求項1に記載の澱粉分解物の製造方法。
- ワキシー種澱粉と非ワキシー種澱粉の合計質量に対するワキシー種澱粉の質量比(固形分質量比)が、少なくとも10質量%である、請求項4に記載の澱粉分解物の製造方法。
- 澱粉分解物の数平均分子量が1,500~4,000であり、糖組成のDP8以上が70%以上である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の澱粉分解物の製造方法。
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HAGENIMANA ANASTASE, DING XIAOLIN: "A Comparative Study on Pasting and Hydration Properties of Native Rice Starches and Their Mixtures", CEREAL CHEMISTRY, AACC INTERNATIONAL INC., US, vol. 82, no. 1, 1 January 2005 (2005-01-01), US , pages 70 - 76, XP093074191, ISSN: 0009-0352, DOI: 10.1094/CC-82-0070 * |
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