WO2023116115A1 - 一种基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法及其应用 - Google Patents

一种基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023116115A1
WO2023116115A1 PCT/CN2022/122966 CN2022122966W WO2023116115A1 WO 2023116115 A1 WO2023116115 A1 WO 2023116115A1 CN 2022122966 W CN2022122966 W CN 2022122966W WO 2023116115 A1 WO2023116115 A1 WO 2023116115A1
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Prior art keywords
sorghum
brewing
roller
biodegradable
pressure roller
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PCT/CN2022/122966
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐磊
汪敏
陈罡
严旎娜
蒋希芝
陈敬文
皮杰
柳军
谢洪德
冯敏
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江苏省农业科学院
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Publication of WO2023116115A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023116115A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
    • A01G13/0275—Films
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cultivating wine sorghum based on biodegradable mulch and an application thereof, belonging to the technical field of agricultural planting.
  • Brewing sorghum is an important miscellaneous grain crop in China. It has a wide range of uses in wine making and other fields. Due to the commonly used traditional planting methods in the current planting operations of brewing sorghum, the planting and production of brewing sorghum is easily affected by the effective accumulated temperature days, Influenced by factors such as natural precipitation and irrigation, especially when the water is insufficient, it will be in a dormant state, which will seriously affect the production and economic benefits of wine sorghum. The need for water and fertilizer adjustment in field management is large, which seriously increases the labor intensity of wine sorghum planting operations, labor intensity and cost of water and fertilizer management.
  • the present invention provides a method for cultivating wine sorghum based on biodegradable film and its application, which can effectively realize the planting time of wine sorghum in advance, reduce the sowing amount of wine sorghum, assist in increasing the germination rate of wine sorghum, and promote
  • the growth and development of wine sorghum can effectively reduce the root interference and nutrient loss caused by weeds to the growth and development of wine sorghum crops, and further increase the yield of wine sorghum.
  • a method for cultivating wine sorghum based on biodegradable mulch and its application comprising the following steps:
  • the herbicide is sprayed with 96% refined metolachlor EC 100ml/mu-125ml/mu, mixed with 40kg water; or sprayed with 38% atrazine water suspension concentrate 180ml/mu-240ml/mu, mixed with 40kg water apply.
  • the biodegradable plastic film is applied to the ridge surface and side surface after the S1 step, and the biodegradable plastic film is covered on the ridge surface and the side surface by the film coating equipment On the surface, and after the biodegradable mulch is laid, the surface of the biodegradable mulch is flattened and the positioning force is applied to realize the positioning of the biodegradable mulch;
  • step S3 sowing operation. At least 5 days after the completion of the biodegradable film positioning operation in step S2, use a perforated seeder to sow wine sorghum on the ridge surface, and the sowing period is mid-April to early June.
  • the soil water holding capacity is 60%-70%, the sowing depth is 2.5-5 cm, 2-5 seeds are sown in each hole, and the total sowing rate is 0.5-0.8kg/mu;
  • S4 field management, after the completion of sowing, topdressing and daily field management are carried out on the wine sorghum, and when the average plant height of the wine sorghum seedlings reaches 15-30 cm, replant and remove the seedlings of the wine sorghum, and after the completion of the replanting and After removing the seedlings, the plants will reach a scale of 10,000-15,000 plants/mu.
  • a topdressing is carried out within 3-7 days after the brewing sorghum is replanted and the seedlings are removed, and then jointing of the brewing sorghum is carried out.
  • Topdressing operation is carried out according to the basis of 10-20kg/mu during the early stage and booting stage respectively.
  • control of diseases and insect pests, weeding operations, irrigation and waterlogging management are carried out simultaneously according to the development of brewing sorghum;
  • step S5 Harvesting, the harvesting operation is carried out before the wine sorghum grows to the end of October, and after the harvest is completed, the remaining wine sorghum straw and the remaining degradable film are synchronously crushed, and the crushed straw and degradable film are returned to step S1 to pass
  • the deep plowing operation is evenly distributed in the farmland and covered and stirred by the deep plowing soil, so as to complete the return to the field and complete the farmland prefabrication work for subsequent planting.
  • the deep plowing operation is carried out after the wine sorghum is harvested, and after the deep plowing is completed and dried:
  • the brewing sorghum When the brewing sorghum has been harvested for resting treatment, it can be aired after the deep plowing is completed, and the additional base fertilizer and raking operations are carried out until the brewing sorghum is planted.
  • the topdressing base fertilizer is any one or both of biological compound fertilizer and compost, and at the same time, the soil fungicide and insecticide spraying operation is carried out simultaneously in the topdressing base fertilizer.
  • the width of the biodegradable plastic film is 1.3-2 times the width of the ridge surface, and the edges of the biodegradable plastic film are all embedded under the soil surface, and the depth is not less than 10 mm.
  • the hole diameter of the hole is 10-30 mm
  • the axis of the hole is at an angle of 45°-90° to the ridge surface
  • the sowing depth of the hole is 10%-20% of the height of the ridge.
  • the laminating equipment includes a carrying car body, a spray roller, a main pressure roller, an auxiliary pressure roller, an adjustable roller stand, a soil covering wheel, an unwinding frame, a spray pump, a medicine tank and a drive circuit, and the
  • the unwinding frame is connected to the upper end surface of the carrying vehicle body
  • the adjustable roller frame is connected to the lower end surface of the carrying vehicle body
  • the adjustable roller frame and the unwinding frame axis are distributed parallel to and perpendicular to the axis of the carrying vehicle body.
  • the supporting car body corresponding between the frame and the unwinding frame is provided with a guide groove, and at least one spray roller is embedded in the guide groove and distributed perpendicular to the axis of the carrying car body.
  • the main pressure roller and the auxiliary pressure roller are connected to the adjustable roller frame, wherein the axis of the main pressure roller is connected to the bottom of the vehicle body.
  • the end faces are distributed parallel to and perpendicular to the axis of the load-carrying car body.
  • the two auxiliary pressure rollers are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the main pressure roller.
  • the drive circuit is connected to the upper end face of the carrying car body, and is electrically connected to the adjustable roller frame, the unwinding frame, and the spray pump respectively.
  • the adjustable roller frame includes a lifting drive mechanism, a load-bearing beam, a guide side beam, a telescopic adjustment column, an elastic hinge, and a turntable mechanism.
  • frame structure in which the main pressure roller is embedded in the bearing beam and distributed parallel to the axis of the bearing beam, the auxiliary pressure roller is embedded in the guide side beam and distributed parallel to the axis of the guide side beam, and the diameter of the main pressure roller and auxiliary pressure roller is the bearing At least twice the width of the beam and the guide side beam, the upper end surface of the load-bearing beam is hinged with the lifting drive mechanism through an elastic hinge, and the intersection point of the load-bearing beam and the lift drive mechanism is located at the midpoint of the load-bearing beam, and the upper end surface of the lift drive mechanism passes through the turntable
  • the mechanism is hinged with the lower end surface of the load-bearing vehicle body, and the lower end surface of the load-bearing vehicle body on the axis of the lifting drive mechanism is at an angle of
  • the end faces are connected, and the two ends of the telescopic adjustment column are respectively hinged with the load-bearing beam and the guide side beam through the turntable mechanism.
  • the outer surface is connected with a covering wheel, and the lifting drive mechanism and the turntable mechanism are electrically connected with the drive circuit.
  • the load-bearing beam and the guide side beam are equipped with scrapers, the upper surface of the dirt-scraper is hinged with the load-bearing beam and the groove bottom of the guide side beam through elastic hinges, and the lower end surface is connected with the outer surface of the main pressure roller and the auxiliary pressure roller.
  • the surface offsets are provided.
  • the bushes corresponding to both ends of the spray roller are connected to the side wall of the guide groove through a pressure sensor, and a guide roller symmetrically distributed with the axis of the guide groove and the spray roller is set in the guide groove, and the guide roller passes through the elastic telescopic column It is connected to the side wall of the guide groove, and the distance between the spray roller and the guide roller is 0-10 mm.
  • the drive circuit is a circuit system based on a programmable controller, and a data communication module is additionally provided for the drive circuit.
  • a method for cultivating sorghum for brewing based on biodegradable plastic film and its application characterized in that the above method for cultivating sorghum for brewing based on biodegradable plastic film is used in the application.
  • the present invention Compared with traditional brewing sorghum planting method, the present invention has the following advantages:
  • biodegradable mulch black in color
  • spraying herbicides before mulching the weed control effect can be significantly improved in the early stage of sorghum growth and development (60-75 days).
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic flow sheet of the method of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the coating equipment
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustable roller frame.
  • a kind of brewing sorghum cultivation method and its application based on biodegradable plastic film comprises the following steps:
  • the average temperature during the drying period is not lower than 26°C, and there is no rainy weather. When rainfall occurs during the drying process, the drying will be restarted after the rainfall ends.
  • the depth during deep plowing operations is 30 cm.
  • the biodegradable plastic film is applied to the ridge surface and side surface after the S1 step, and the biodegradable plastic film is covered on the ridge surface and the side surface by the film coating equipment On the surface, and after the biodegradable mulch is laid, the surface of the biodegradable mulch is flattened and the positioning force is applied to realize the positioning of the biodegradable mulch;
  • the herbicide is sprayed with 96% refined metolachlor emulsifiable concentrate 100ml/mu-125ml/mu, mixed with 40kg of water.
  • step S3 sowing operation. After 5 days after completing the biodegradable film positioning operation in step S2, use a perforated seeder to sow wine sorghum on the ridge surface.
  • the sowing period is mid-April, and the soil water holding capacity at sowing is 60 %, the sowing depth is 2.5 cm, 2 seeds are sown in each hole, and the total sowing rate is 0.5kg/mu;
  • the brewing sorghum seeds for sowing are all coated with pesticides, and the water content of the brewing sorghum seeds is not more than 20% when sowing;
  • topdressing should be carried out within 3 days after the replanting and seedling removal of wine sorghum, and then 20kg/mu during the jointing and booting periods of wine sorghum. Topdressing is carried out on a per-mu basis. In addition, disease and insect pest control, weeding operations, irrigation and waterlogging management are carried out simultaneously according to the development of brewing sorghum;
  • step S5 Harvesting, the harvesting operation is carried out before the wine sorghum grows to the end of October, and after the harvest is completed, the remaining wine sorghum straw and the remaining degradable film are synchronously crushed, and the crushed straw and degradable film are returned to step S1 to pass
  • the deep plowing operation is evenly distributed in the farmland and covered and stirred by the deep plowing soil, so as to complete the return to the field and complete the farmland prefabrication work for subsequent planting.
  • the deep plowing operations are all carried out after the wine sorghum is harvested, and after the deep plowing is completed and dried:
  • the brewing sorghum When the brewing sorghum has been harvested for resting treatment, it can be aired after the deep plowing is completed, and the additional base fertilizer and raking operations are carried out until the brewing sorghum is planted.
  • the topdressing base fertilizer is any one or both of biological compound fertilizer and compost, and in the topdressing base fertilizer, the soil fungicide and insecticide spraying operations are carried out simultaneously;
  • the decomposed organic mass of compost is 1000-2500kg per mu
  • the biological compound fertilizer is 10-15kg per mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 5-10kg of phosphorus fertilizer, 8-12kg of potassium fertilizer, and 1-2.5kg of trace elements.
  • the width of the biodegradable plastic film is 1.3 times the width of the ridge surface, and the edges of the biodegradable plastic film are all embedded under the soil surface, and the depth is 10 mm.
  • the hole diameter of the hole is 10 mm
  • the axis of the hole is at an angle of 90° with the ridge surface
  • the sowing depth of the hole is 50% of the height of the ridge.
  • a kind of brewing sorghum cultivation method and its application based on biodegradable plastic film comprises the following steps:
  • the highest temperature during the drying period is not lower than 30°C, and there is no rainy weather. When rainfall occurs during the drying process, the drying will be restarted after the rainfall ends.
  • the depth during deep plowing operations is 30 cm.
  • the biodegradable plastic film is applied to the ridge surface and side surface after the S1 step, and the biodegradable plastic film is covered on the ridge surface and the side surface by the film coating equipment On the surface, and after the biodegradable mulch is laid, the surface of the biodegradable mulch is flattened and the positioning force is applied to realize the positioning of the biodegradable mulch;
  • the herbicide is 30%-60% atrazine water suspension concentrate, and the thickness of the herbicide layer sprayed on the surface of the biodegradable plastic film is 0.1-1 mm;
  • step S3 sowing operation. After 10 days after completing the biodegradable plastic film positioning operation in step S2, use a perforated seeder to sow brewing sorghum on the ridge surface.
  • the sowing period is early May, and the soil water holding capacity at sowing is 70 %, the sowing depth is 3 cm, 5 seeds are sown in each hole, and the total sowing rate is 0.8kg/mu;
  • the brewing sorghum seeds for sowing are all coated with pesticides, and the water content of the brewing sorghum seeds is not more than 20% when sowing;
  • topdressing should be carried out within 7 days after the replanting and seedling removal of wine sorghum, and then 10kg/mu during the jointing stage and booting period of wine sorghum. Topdressing is carried out on a per-mu basis. In addition, disease and insect pest control, weeding operations, irrigation and waterlogging management are carried out simultaneously according to the development of brewing sorghum;
  • step S5 Harvesting, the harvesting operation is carried out before the wine sorghum grows to the end of October, and after the harvest is completed, the remaining wine sorghum straw and the remaining degradable film are synchronously crushed, and the crushed straw and degradable film are returned to step S1 to pass
  • the deep plowing operation is evenly distributed in the farmland and covered and stirred by the deep plowing soil, so as to complete the return to the field and complete the farmland prefabrication work for subsequent planting.
  • the deep plowing operation is carried out after the winemaking sorghum is harvested.
  • the subsequent crops are planted after 5-15 days of drying, and the autumn and winter crops are After the harvest is completed, the farmland will be further plowed to prepare for the needs of wine sorghum planting in the second year;
  • the topdressing base fertilizer in the S1 step is any one or both of biological compound fertilizer and compost, and in the topdressing base fertilizer, the soil fungicide and insecticide spraying operations are carried out at the same time.
  • the width of the biodegradable plastic film is twice the width of the ridge surface, and the edges of the biodegradable plastic film are all embedded under the soil surface, and the depth is 25 mm.
  • the hole diameter of the hole is 30 mm
  • the axis of the hole is at an angle of 45° with the ridge surface
  • the sowing depth of the hole is 10% of the height of the ridge.
  • a kind of brewing sorghum cultivation method and its application based on biodegradable plastic film comprises the following steps:
  • the average temperature during the drying period is not lower than 28°C, and there is no rainy weather. When rainfall occurs during the drying process, the drying will be restarted after the rainfall ends.
  • the depth during deep plowing operations is 25 cm.
  • the biodegradable plastic film is applied to the ridge surface and side surface after the S1 step, and the biodegradable plastic film is covered on the ridge surface and the side surface by the film coating equipment On the surface, and after the biodegradable mulch is laid, the surface of the biodegradable mulch is flattened and the positioning force is applied to realize the positioning of the biodegradable mulch;
  • the herbicide is sprayed with 38% atrazine water suspension concentrate 180ml/mu-240ml/mu, mixed with 40kg of water;
  • step S3 sowing operation. After 7 days after completing the biodegradable film positioning operation in step S2, use a perforated seeder to sow wine sorghum on the ridge surface.
  • the sowing period is late April, and the soil water holding capacity at sowing is 65. %, the sowing depth is 5 cm, 3 seeds are sown in each hole, and the total sowing rate is 0.6kg/mu;
  • step S5 Harvesting, the harvesting operation is carried out before the wine sorghum grows to the end of October, and after the harvest is completed, the remaining wine sorghum straw and the remaining degradable film are synchronously crushed, and the crushed straw and degradable film are returned to step S1 to pass
  • the deep plowing operation is evenly distributed in the farmland and covered and stirred by the deep plowing soil, so as to complete the return to the field and complete the farmland prefabrication work for subsequent planting.
  • the deep plowing operation is carried out after the sorghum is harvested, and when the sorghum is harvested for off-site treatment, it can be dried in the sun after the deep plowing is completed, until the sorghum is planted. Additional base fertilizer and raking operations.
  • topdressing base fertilizer in the S1 step is any one or both of biological compound fertilizer and compost, and at the same time in the topdressing base fertilizer, the soil fungicide and insecticide spraying operations are carried out at the same time.
  • compost 1000-2500kg per acre of decomposed organic mass
  • biological compound fertilizer is 10-15kg per acre of nitrogen fertilizer, 5-10kg of phosphate fertilizer, 8-12kg of potassium fertilizer, and 1-2.5kg of trace elements.
  • the width of the biodegradable plastic film is 1.5 times the width of the ridge surface, and the edges of the biodegradable plastic film are all embedded under the soil surface, and the depth is 25 mm.
  • the hole diameter of the hole is 25 mm
  • the axis of the hole is at an angle of 60° with the ridge surface
  • the sowing depth of the hole is 30% of the height of the ridge.
  • a method for cultivating wine sorghum based on biodegradable mulch and its application comprising the following steps:
  • the biodegradable plastic film is applied to the ridge surface and side surface after the S1 step, and the biodegradable plastic film is covered on the ridge surface and the side surface by the film coating equipment On the surface, and after the biodegradable mulch is laid, the surface of the biodegradable mulch is flattened and the positioning force is applied to realize the positioning of the biodegradable mulch;
  • sowing operation 15 days after the completion of the biodegradable film positioning operation in step S2, use a perforated seeder to sow wine sorghum on the ridge surface, and the sowing period is early May, and the soil water holding capacity at sowing is 70 %, the sowing depth is 4.5 cm, 4 seeds are sown in each hole, and the total sowing rate is 0.7kg/mu;
  • step S5 Harvesting, the harvesting operation is carried out before the wine sorghum grows to the end of October, and after the harvest is completed, the remaining wine sorghum straw and the remaining degradable film are synchronously crushed, and the crushed straw and degradable film are returned to step S1 to pass
  • the deep plowing operation is evenly distributed in the farmland and covered and stirred by the deep plowing soil, so as to complete the return to the field and complete the farmland prefabrication work for subsequent planting.
  • the deep plowing operation is carried out after the wine sorghum is harvested, and after the deep plowing is completed and dried:
  • the brewing sorghum When the brewing sorghum has been harvested for resting treatment, it can be aired after the deep plowing is completed, and the additional base fertilizer and raking operations are carried out until the brewing sorghum is planted.
  • the topdressing base fertilizer in the S1 step is any one or both of biological compound fertilizer and compost, and simultaneously in the topdressing base fertilizer, the soil fungicide and insecticide spraying operations are performed simultaneously.
  • the width of the biodegradable plastic film is 1.8 times the width of the ridge surface, and the edges of the biodegradable plastic film are all embedded under the soil surface, and the depth is 12 mm.
  • the hole diameter of the hole is 20 mm
  • the axis of the hole forms an angle of 90° with the ridge surface
  • the sowing depth of the hole is 10% of the height of the ridge.
  • the biodegradable mulching planting method of brewing sorghum provided by the present invention can be widely applied to the needs of various farmlands in brewing sorghum production areas, and the biodegradable mulching and herbicides are used together to achieve the following effects:
  • the laminating equipment includes a carrier body 1, a spray roller 2, a main pressure roller 3, an auxiliary pressure roller 4, an adjustable roller frame 5, and a soil covering wheel 6 , an unwinding frame 7, a spray pump 8, a medicament tank 9 and a drive circuit 10,
  • the unwinding frame 7 is connected with the upper end surface of the carrying vehicle body 1
  • the adjustable roller frame 5 is connected with the lower end surface of the carrying vehicle body 1, and can be adjusted Roller frame 5, unwinding frame 7 axes are distributed in parallel and vertically distributed with the axis of carrying vehicle body 1, and the corresponding carrying vehicle body 1 between described adjustable roller frame 5, unwinding frame 7 is provided with guide groove 11, and described spraying roller 2
  • At least one, embedded in the guide groove 11 and distributed perpendicular to the axis of the carrying vehicle body 1, the two ends of the spray roller 2 are connected to the side wall of the guide groove 11 through a bushing, and communicate with the spray pump 8 through a guide tube, and spray The pump 8
  • the axis of the body 1 is vertically distributed, and there are two auxiliary pressure rollers 4.
  • the two auxiliary pressure rollers 4 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the main pressure roller 3, and the axes of the main pressure roller 3 and the auxiliary pressure roller 4 form an included angle of 0°-90°.
  • the drive circuit 10 is connected to the upper end surface of the carrying vehicle body 1, and is electrically connected to the adjustable roller frame 5, the unwinding frame 7, and the spray pump 8 respectively.
  • the adjustable roller frame 5 includes a lifting drive mechanism 51, a load-bearing beam 52, a guide side beam 53, a telescopic adjustment column 54, an elastic hinge 55, and a turntable mechanism 56.
  • the load-bearing beam 52 and the guide side beam 53 are all It is a “ ⁇ ”-shaped groove-shaped frame structure in axial section, in which the main pressure roller 3 is embedded in the load beam 52 and distributed parallel to the axis of the load beam 52, and the auxiliary pressure roller 4 is embedded in the guide side beam 53 and aligned with the guide side beam.
  • the diameters of the main pressure roller 3 and the auxiliary pressure roller 4 are at least twice the width of the load beam 52 and the guide side beam 53
  • the upper end surface of the load beam 52 is hinged with the lifting drive mechanism 51 through an elastic hinge 55
  • the intersection point of the load beam 52 and the lifting drive mechanism 51 is located at the midpoint of the load beam 52
  • the upper end surface of the lift drive mechanism 51 is hinged to the lower end surface of the vehicle body 1 through the turntable mechanism 56
  • the lower end surface of the vehicle body 1 is supported by the axis of the lift drive mechanism 51
  • the left side and the right side of the bearing beam 52 are respectively connected to the upper end surface of a guide side beam 53 through the telescopic adjustment column 54
  • the two ends of the telescopic adjustment column 54 are respectively passed through the turntable mechanism 56 is hinged with the load-bearing beam 52 and the guide side beam 53, the axes of the load-bearing beam 52 and the guide
  • the load-bearing beam 52 and the guide side beam 53 are equipped with a soil scraper 57, the upper end surface of the soil scraper 57 is hinged with the load-bearing beam 52 and the guide side beam 53 groove bottom through an elastic hinge 55, and the lower end surface Offset against the outer surfaces of the main pressure roller 3 and the auxiliary pressure roller 4.
  • the bushes corresponding to the two ends of the spray roller 2 are connected to the side wall of the guide groove 11 through a pressure sensor 13, and a guide roller 14 is arranged symmetrically with the axis of the guide groove 11 and the spray roller 2 in the guide groove 11,
  • the guide roller 14 is connected to the side wall of the guide groove 11 through the elastic telescopic column 12, and the distance between the spray roller 2 and the guide roller 14 is 0-10 mm.
  • the driving circuit 10 is a circuit system based on a programmable controller, and the driving circuit 10 is additionally provided with a data communication module.
  • the lifting drive mechanism 51, the telescopic adjustment column 54 and the elastic telescopic column 12 are any one of an electric telescopic rod, a hydraulic telescopic rod, a pneumatic telescopic rod, and a rack and pinion mechanism.
  • main pressure roller 3 and the auxiliary pressure roller 4 are any one of a rectangular, elliptical, or shuttle-shaped structure in the axial section; Any one of them, and the tractor is equipped with a satellite positioning device.
  • the biodegradable film roll When laminating, the biodegradable film roll is first installed on the unwinding frame, and the herbicide solution is poured into the chemical tank at the same time, and then the biodegradable film is pulled and guided through the guide groove, and is guided by the guide groove.
  • the spray roller and the guide roller are carried and positioned, and then transported to the position of the adjustable roller stand, and the biodegradable film is guided by the main pressure roller and the auxiliary pressure roller and pressed on the ridge surface and the side wall of the ditch.
  • the biodegradable film is laterally pressed into the soil surface and covered and pressed by the soil; finally, the loading car body, adjustable roller frame, spray pump, and unwinding frame are driven at the same time, so that the unwinding frame and the loading car body Simultaneously run the filming operation of the biodegradable film, and during the filming process, the spray roller sprays the herbicide on the contact surface of the biodegradable film and the soil, and wraps the biodegradable film after the herbicide spraying is completed
  • the pressure between the main pressure roller, auxiliary pressure roller and soil covering wheel and the soil during the laying of the biodegradable film can be adjusted on the one hand through the adjustable roller frame, and the stability of the covering laying position can be improved.
  • adjust the spacing and angle between the main pressure roller and the auxiliary pressure roller to meet the needs of different farmland ridge surface laying operations.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法及其应用，包括农田整地，覆膜铺设，播种作业、田间管理，收获等五个步骤。本发明较传统的酿酒高粱种植一方面可有效的实现酿酒高粱种植时间提前，减少酿酒高粱播种量，辅助提高酿酒高粱发芽率，促进酿酒高粱生长发育；另一方面有效的降低田间管理中杂草清理作业的劳动强度和成本，从而有效降低杂草对酿酒高粱作物生长发育造成的根系干扰和养分流失，进一步提高酿酒高粱产量；并促进了土壤内微生物的活性，满足酿酒高粱生长的生理性需求的同时，有效杜绝了传统覆膜作业造成的"白色污染"和过量使用化肥导致的土壤结构受损情况。

Description

一种基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法及其应用，属于农业种植技术领域。
背景技术
酿酒高粱是我国重要的一种杂粮作物，在酿酒等领域中有着广泛的用途，当前酿酒高粱在种植作业中，由于普遍采用的传统的种植方式，因此酿酒高粱种植生产极易因有效积温天数、自然降水灌溉等因素的影响，尤其是水分不足时则会处于休眠状态，从而严重影响酿酒高粱产量和经济效益，同时也导致当前酿酒高粱种植时极易受到气候环境影响导致发育生长周期稳定性差、田间管理中水肥调节需求量大，严重增加了酿酒高粱种植作业的劳动强度、水肥管理工作劳动强度及成本，同时也易因大量使用化肥而导致土壤板结、肥力下降等情况，进一步降低了酿酒高粱的种植作业的产量和经济效益；此外，由于酿酒高粱种植是水肥量较大，从而也导致了田间杂草生长旺盛，要在酿酒高粱种植过程中，另需频繁进行除草，从而导致田间管理工作劳动强度大的同时，另易因杂草而影响酿酒高粱生产发育和农田水肥流失量，从而进一步影响了酿酒高粱种植作业的产量和经济收益。
虽然当前也有利用覆膜技术进行酿酒高粱种植作业的技术，但地膜易造成塑料污染，同时进一步导致农田土壤结构受到破坏，进而影响酿酒高粱的产量。
因此，针对这一问题，当前需要开发一种全新的基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱种植技术，以克服当前酿酒高粱栽种工作中存在的不足，满足提高酿酒高粱产量和品质的需要。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术上的不足，本发明提供一种基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高 粱栽培方法及其应用，有效的实现酿酒高粱种植时间提前，减少酿酒高粱播种量，辅助提高酿酒高粱发芽率，促进酿酒高粱生长发育，从而有效降低杂草对酿酒高粱作物生长发育造成的根系干扰和养分流失，进一步提高酿酒高粱的产量。
一种基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法及其应用，包括如下步骤：
S1，农田整地，首先对农田通过旋耕版进行深耕，并在深耕后对农田晾晒5—15天，然后对农田进行耙平作业，并在耙平过程中对农田地块整体追施底肥和杀菌剂，最后对农田进行起垄作业，并对完成耙平起垄后的农田垄面、垄沟及侧表面喷洒除草剂，并在完成除草剂喷洒后晾晒1—3天。其中，除草剂用96％精异丙甲草胺乳油100ml/亩—125ml/亩，兑水40kg喷施；或用38％莠去津水悬浮剂180ml/亩—240ml/亩，兑水40kg喷施。
S2，覆膜铺设，通过覆膜设备，为S1步骤整理后的地垄垄面及侧表面通过覆膜设备进行生物降解地膜进行覆膜作业，将生物降解地膜包覆在地垄垄面及侧表面上，并在完成生物降解地膜铺设后地生物降解地膜表面时间展平定位作用力，实现生物降解地膜定位；
S3，播种作业，在完成S2步骤生物降解地膜定位作业的至少5天后，利用打孔播种机对垄面进行酿酒高粱播种打孔播种作业，其中播种期为4月中旬—6月上旬，播种时土壤持水量为60％—70％，播种深度为2.5—5厘米，每个孔位内播种2—5粒，且总播种量为0.5—0.8kg/亩；
S4，田间管理，完成播种后，对酿酒高粱进行追肥及日常田间管理，并在酿酒高粱苗平均植株高度达15—30厘米，对酿酒高粱进行补栽及去苗作业，并在完成补栽及去苗作业后，时植株达到10000—15000株/亩的规模，同时按照3—5kg/亩基准分别在酿酒高粱补栽及去苗作业后的3—7天内进行一次追肥，然 后在酿酒高粱拔节期及孕穗期间分别按照10—20kg/亩基准进行追肥作业，此外另同步根据酿酒高粱发育进行病虫害防治、除草作业及灌溉及防涝管理；
S5，收获，在酿酒高粱生长至10月下旬前进行收获作业，并在完成收获后将残留的酿酒高粱秸秆与残余可降解膜同步粉碎，并使粉碎后的秸秆及可降解膜返回S1步骤通过深耕作业均匀分布在农田内并由深耕土壤进行包覆搅拌，从而完成还田并为后续种植完成农田预制工作。
进一步的，所述S1步骤中，深耕作业均在酿酒高粱收获完成后进行，并在完成深耕晾晒后：
当需要补种秋冬季作物时，则在完成晾晒5—15天后再进行后续作物种植，且秋冬季作物在完成收获后对农田进行再次深耕作业，以备第二年酿酒高粱种植需要；
当完成酿酒高粱收获进行歇地处理时，则在完成深耕后即可进行晾晒，直至酿酒高粱种植前再进行追加底肥和耙平作业。
进一步的，所述S1步骤中追施底肥为生物复合肥、堆肥中的任意一种或两种共用，同时在追施底肥中，同时进行土壤杀菌剂及杀虫剂喷洒作业。
进一步的，所述S2步骤中，生物降解地膜宽度为垄面宽度的1.3—2倍，且生物降解地膜边缘均嵌入土壤表层下，且深度不小于10毫米。
进一步的，所述播种作业时，打孔孔径为10—30毫米，打孔轴线与垄面呈45°—90°夹角，同时打孔播种深度为地垄高度的10％—20％。
进一步的，所述S2步骤中，覆膜设备包括承载车体、喷雾辊、主压辊、辅助压辊、可调节辊架、覆土轮、放卷架、喷雾泵、药剂罐及驱动电路，所述放卷架与承载车体上端面连接，可调节辊架与承载车体下端面连接，且可调节辊架、放卷架轴线平行分布并与承载车体轴线垂直分布，所述可调节辊架、放卷 架间对应的承载车体设导向槽，所述喷雾辊至少一条，嵌于导向槽内并与承载车体轴线垂直分布，所述喷雾辊两端通过轴套与导向槽侧壁连接，另通过导流管与喷雾泵连通，且喷雾泵另与药剂罐连通，所述主压辊、辅助压辊均与可调节辊架连接，其中所述主压辊轴线与承载车体下端面平行分布并与承载车体轴线垂直分布，所述辅助压辊共两个，两辅助压辊对称分布在主压辊两侧，主压辊与辅助压辊轴线呈0°—90°夹角，所述覆土轮共两个，对称分布在可调节辊架两侧，并位于辅助压辊外侧，且所述覆土轮轴线与主压辊轴线平行分布，且覆土轮下端面超出辅助压辊下端面至少5毫米，所述驱动电路与承载车体上端面连接，并分别与可调节辊架、放卷架、喷雾泵电气连接。
进一步的，所述可调节辊架包括升降驱动机构、承载横梁、导向侧梁、伸缩调节柱、弹性铰链、转台机构，所述承载横梁、导向侧梁均为轴向截面呈“冂”字形槽状框架结构，其中主压辊嵌于承载横梁内并与承载横梁轴线平行分布，辅助压辊嵌于导向侧梁内并与导向侧梁轴线平行分布，且主压辊、辅助压辊直径为承载横梁、导向侧梁宽度的至少2倍，所述承载横梁上端面通过弹性铰链与升降驱动机构铰接，且承载横梁与升降驱动机构交点位于承载横梁中点位置，所述升降驱动机构上端面通过转台机构与承载车体下端面铰接，且升降驱动机构轴线承载车体下端面呈0°—90°夹角，所述承载横梁左侧面和右侧面分别通过伸缩调节柱与一条导向侧梁上端面连接，且所述伸缩调节柱两端分别通过转台机构与承载横梁、导向侧梁铰接，所述承载横梁、导向侧梁轴线呈0°—90°夹角，导向侧梁下端面对应的外侧面与一个覆土轮连接，所述升降驱动机构、转台机构均与驱动电路电气连接。
进一步的，所述承载横梁、导向侧梁内均设刮土板，所述刮土板上端面通过弹性铰链与承载横梁、导向侧梁槽底铰接，下端面与主压辊、辅助压辊外表 面相抵。
进一步的，所述喷雾辊两端对应的轴套与导向槽侧壁间通过压力传感器连接，且导向槽内另设一条以导向槽轴线与喷雾辊对称分布的导向辊，导向辊通过弹性伸缩柱与导向槽侧壁连接，且喷雾辊和导向辊间间距为0—10毫米，所述驱动电路为基于可编程控制器为基础的电路系统，且驱动电路另设数据通讯模块。
一种基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法及其应用，其特征在于，其应用采用了上述的基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法。
本发明较传统的酿酒高粱种植方法具有以下优点：
1、利用覆膜与除草剂同步配合作业种植技术，一方面可有效的实现酿酒高粱种植时间提前，播种量较传统酿酒高粱植播种种量减少10％—30％，辅助提高酿酒高粱发芽率；另一方面有效的降低田间管理中杂草清理作业的劳动强度和成本，从而有效降低杂草对酿酒高粱作物生长发育造成的根系干扰和养分流失，促进酿酒高粱生产发育；
2、通过降解地膜和酿酒高粱秸秆同步还田，在减少肥料使用量的同时，另显著提高了土壤内硝态氮的含量(14.2—17.8mg/kg)，促进了土壤内微生物的活性，满足酿酒高粱生长的生理性需求的同时，有效杜绝了传统覆膜作业造成的“白色污染”和过量使用化肥导致的土壤结构受损情况。
3、通过选用生物降解地膜(颜色为黑色)，结合覆膜前喷施除草剂，在高粱生长发育前期(60—75d)，可显著提高抑草效果。
4、有效提高酿酒高粱种植工作效率，提高水肥综合利用率，达到在降低水肥使用量和使用成本的并同时达到酿酒高粱增产的目的，对连续3—5年产量及成本统计分析，收获时酿酒高粱高度平均植株较传统酿酒高粱植株高度高20— 60厘米左右，酿酒高粱亩产量增加20％—30％，实现亩产经济效益增幅达15％以上。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式来详细说明本发明；
图1为本发明方法流程示意图；
图2为覆膜设备结构示意图；
图3为可调节辊架结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于施工，下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
如图1所示，一种基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法及其应用，包括如下步骤：
S1，农田整地，首先对农田通过旋耕版进行深耕，并在深耕后对农田晾晒5天，然后在播种前对农田进行耙平作业，并在耙平过程中对农田地块整体追施底肥和杀菌剂，最后对农田进行起垄作业，并对完成耙平起垄后的农田垄面、垄沟及侧表面喷洒除草剂，并在完成除草剂喷洒后晾晒1天；
需要说明的，在晾晒过程中，晾晒期间平均气温不低于26℃，且无阴雨天气，当晾晒过程中发生降雨后，在在降雨结束后再次重新开始进行晾晒。
同时，深耕作业时的深度为30厘米。
S2，覆膜铺设，通过覆膜设备，为S1步骤整理后的地垄垄面及侧表面通过覆膜设备进行生物降解地膜进行覆膜作业，将生物降解地膜包覆在地垄垄面及侧表面上，并在完成生物降解地膜铺设后地生物降解地膜表面时间展平定位作用力，实现生物降解地膜定位；
其中，除草剂用96％精异丙甲草胺乳油100ml/亩—125ml/亩，兑水40kg喷施。
S3，播种作业，在完成S2步骤生物降解地膜定位作业的5天后，利用打孔播种机对垄面进行酿酒高粱播种打孔播种作业，其中播种期为4月中旬，播种时土壤持水量为60％，播种深度为2.5厘米，每个孔位内播种2粒，且总播种量为0.5kg/亩；
其中，播种用酿酒高粱种均进行农药包衣作业，且播种时酿酒高粱种含水量不大于20％；
S4，田间管理，完成播种后，对酿酒高粱进行追肥及日常田间管理，并在酿酒高粱苗平均植株高度达30厘米，对酿酒高粱进行补栽及去苗作业，并在完成补栽及去苗作业后，时植株达到10000株/亩的规模，同时按照3kg/亩基准分别在酿酒高粱补栽及去苗作业后的3天内进行一次追肥，然后在酿酒高粱拔节期及孕穗期间分别按照20kg/亩基准进行追肥作业，此外另同步根据酿酒高粱发育进行病虫害防止、除草作业及灌溉及防涝管理；
S5，收获，在酿酒高粱生长至10月下旬前进行收获作业，并在完成收获后将残留的酿酒高粱秸秆与残余可降解膜同步粉碎，并使粉碎后的秸秆及可降解膜返回S1步骤通过深耕作业均匀分布在农田内并由深耕土壤进行包覆搅拌，从而完成还田并为后续种植完成农田预制工作。
重点说明的，所述S1步骤中，深耕作业均在酿酒高粱收获完成后进行，并在完成深耕晾晒后：
当需要补种秋冬季作物时，则在完成晾晒5天后再进行后续作物种植，且秋冬季作物在完成收获后对农田进行再次深耕作业，以备第二年酿酒高粱种植需要；
当完成酿酒高粱收获进行歇地处理时，则在完成深耕后即可进行晾晒，直至酿酒高粱种植前再进行追加底肥和耙平作业。
同时，所述S1步骤中追施底肥为生物复合肥、堆肥中的任意一种或两种共用，同时在追施底肥中，同时进行土壤杀菌剂及杀虫剂喷洒作业；
其中堆肥按每亩腐熟有机质量为1000—2500kg，生物复合肥按每亩氮肥10—15kg、磷肥5—10kg、钾肥8—12kg，微量元素1—2.5kg。
本实施例中，所述S2步骤中，生物降解地膜宽度为垄面宽度的1.3倍，且生物降解地膜边缘均嵌入土壤表层下，且深度10毫米。
同时，所述播种作业时，打孔孔径为10毫米，打孔轴线与垄面呈90°夹角，同时打孔播种深度为地垄高度的50％。
实施例2
如图1所示，一种基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法及其应用，包括如下步骤：
S1，农田整地，首先对农田通过旋耕版进行深耕，并在深耕后对农田晾晒15天，然后对农田进行耙平作业，并在耙平过程中对农田地块整体追施底肥和杀菌剂，最后对农田进行起垄作业，并对完成耙平起垄后的农田垄面、垄沟及侧表面喷洒除草剂，并在完成除草剂喷洒后晾晒3天；
需要说明的，在晾晒过程中，晾晒期间最高气温不低于30℃，且无阴雨天气，当晾晒过程中发生降雨后，在在降雨结束后再次重新开始进行晾晒。
同时，深耕作业时的深度为30厘米。
S2，覆膜铺设，通过覆膜设备，为S1步骤整理后的地垄垄面及侧表面通过覆膜设备进行生物降解地膜进行覆膜作业，将生物降解地膜包覆在地垄垄面及侧表面上，并在完成生物降解地膜铺设后地生物降解地膜表面时间展平定位作 用力，实现生物降解地膜定位；
其中，除草剂为30％—60％莠去津水悬浮剂，且生物降解地膜表面喷涂的除草剂层厚度为0.1—1毫米；
S3，播种作业，在完成S2步骤生物降解地膜定位作业的10天后，利用打孔播种机对垄面进行酿酒高粱播种打孔播种作业，其中播种期为5月上旬，播种时土壤持水量为70％，播种深度为3厘米，每个孔位内播种5粒，且总播种量为0.8kg/亩；
其中，播种用酿酒高粱种均进行农药包衣作业，且播种时酿酒高粱种含水量不大于20％；
S4，田间管理，完成播种后，对酿酒高粱进行追肥及日常田间管理，并在酿酒高粱苗平均植株高度达30厘米，对酿酒高粱进行补栽及去苗作业，并在完成补栽及去苗作业后，时植株达到10000株/亩的规模，同时按照3kg/亩基准分别在酿酒高粱补栽及去苗作业后的7天内进行一次追肥，然后在酿酒高粱拔节期及孕穗期间分别按照10kg/亩基准进行追肥作业，此外另同步根据酿酒高粱发育进行病虫害防止、除草作业及灌溉及防涝管理；
S5，收获，在酿酒高粱生长至10月下旬前进行收获作业，并在完成收获后将残留的酿酒高粱秸秆与残余可降解膜同步粉碎，并使粉碎后的秸秆及可降解膜返回S1步骤通过深耕作业均匀分布在农田内并由深耕土壤进行包覆搅拌，从而完成还田并为后续种植完成农田预制工作。
本实施例中，所述S1步骤中，深耕作业均在酿酒高粱收获完成后进行，当需要补种秋冬季作物时，则在完成晾晒5—15天后再进行后续作物种植，且秋冬季作物在完成收获后对农田进行再次深耕作业，以备第二年酿酒高粱种植需要；
同时，所述S1步骤中追施底肥为生物复合肥、堆肥中的任意一种或两种共用，同时在追施底肥中，同时进行土壤杀菌剂及杀虫剂喷洒作业。
本实施例中，所述S2步骤中，生物降解地膜宽度为垄面宽度的2倍，且生物降解地膜边缘均嵌入土壤表层下，且深度为25毫米。
同时，所述播种作业时，打孔孔径为30毫米，打孔轴线与垄面呈45°夹角，同时打孔播种深度为地垄高度的10％。
实施例3
如图1所示，一种基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法及其应用，包括如下步骤：
S1，农田整地，首先对农田通过旋耕版进行深耕，并在深耕后对农田晾晒10天，然后对农田进行耙平作业，并在耙平过程中对农田地块整体追施底肥和杀菌剂，最后对农田进行起垄作业，并对完成耙平起垄后的农田垄面、垄沟及侧表面喷洒除草剂，并在完成除草剂喷洒后晾晒2天；
需要说明的，在晾晒过程中，晾晒期间平均气温不低于28℃，且无阴雨天气，当晾晒过程中发生降雨后，在在降雨结束后再次重新开始进行晾晒。
同时，深耕作业时的深度为25厘米。
S2，覆膜铺设，通过覆膜设备，为S1步骤整理后的地垄垄面及侧表面通过覆膜设备进行生物降解地膜进行覆膜作业，将生物降解地膜包覆在地垄垄面及侧表面上，并在完成生物降解地膜铺设后地生物降解地膜表面时间展平定位作用力，实现生物降解地膜定位；
其中，除草剂用38％莠去津水悬浮剂180ml/亩—240ml/亩，兑水40kg喷施；
S3，播种作业，在完成S2步骤生物降解地膜定位作业的7天后，利用打孔播种机对垄面进行酿酒高粱播种打孔播种作业，其中播种期为4月下旬，播种 时土壤持水量为65％，播种深度为5厘米，每个孔位内播种3粒，且总播种量为0.6kg/亩；
S4，田间管理，完成播种后，对酿酒高粱进行追肥及日常田间管理，并在酿酒高粱苗平均植株高度达20厘米，对酿酒高粱进行补栽及去苗作业，并在完成补栽及去苗作业后，时植株达到12000株/亩的规模，同时按照3—5kg/亩基准分别在酿酒高粱补栽及去苗作业后的5天内进行一次追肥，然后在酿酒高粱拔节期及孕穗期间分别按照18kg/亩基准进行追肥作业，此外另同步根据酿酒高粱发育进行病虫害防止、除草作业及灌溉及防涝管理；
S5，收获，在酿酒高粱生长至10月下旬前进行收获作业，并在完成收获后将残留的酿酒高粱秸秆与残余可降解膜同步粉碎，并使粉碎后的秸秆及可降解膜返回S1步骤通过深耕作业均匀分布在农田内并由深耕土壤进行包覆搅拌，从而完成还田并为后续种植完成农田预制工作。
本实施例中，所述S1步骤中，深耕作业均在酿酒高粱收获完成后进行，当完成酿酒高粱收获进行歇地处理时，则在完成深耕后即可进行晾晒，直至酿酒高粱种植前再进行追加底肥和耙平作业。
需要说明的，所述S1步骤中追施底肥为生物复合肥、堆肥中的任意一种或两种共用，同时在追施底肥中，同时进行土壤杀菌剂及杀虫剂喷洒作业。
其中：其中堆肥按每亩腐熟有机质量为1000—2500kg，生物复合肥按每亩氮肥10—15kg、磷肥5—10kg、钾肥8—12kg，微量元素1—2.5kg。
此外，所述S2步骤中，生物降解地膜宽度为垄面宽度的1.5倍，且生物降解地膜边缘均嵌入土壤表层下，且深度为25毫米。
本实施例中，所述播种作业时，打孔孔径为25毫米，打孔轴线与垄面呈60°夹角，同时打孔播种深度为地垄高度的30％。
实施例4
一种基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法及其应用，包括如下步骤：
S1，农田整地，首先对农田通过旋耕版进行深耕，并在深耕后对农田晾晒7天，然后对农田进行耙平作业，并在耙平过程中对农田地块整体追施底肥和杀菌剂，最后对农田进行起垄作业，并对完成耙平起垄后的农田垄面、垄沟及侧表面喷洒除草剂，并在完成除草剂喷洒后晾晒2天；
S2，覆膜铺设，通过覆膜设备，为S1步骤整理后的地垄垄面及侧表面通过覆膜设备进行生物降解地膜进行覆膜作业，将生物降解地膜包覆在地垄垄面及侧表面上，并在完成生物降解地膜铺设后地生物降解地膜表面时间展平定位作用力，实现生物降解地膜定位；
S3，播种作业，在完成S2步骤生物降解地膜定位作业的15天后，利用打孔播种机对垄面进行酿酒高粱播种打孔播种作业，其中播种期为5月上旬，播种时土壤持水量为70％，播种深度为4.5厘米，每个孔位内播种4粒，且总播种量为0.7kg/亩；
S4，田间管理，完成播种后，对酿酒高粱进行追肥及日常田间管理，并在酿酒高粱苗平均植株高度达25厘米，对酿酒高粱进行补栽及去苗作业，并在完成补栽及去苗作业后，时植株达到14000株/亩的规模，同时按照3—5kg/亩基准分别在酿酒高粱补栽及去苗作业后的4天内进行一次追肥，然后在酿酒高粱拔节期及孕穗期间分别按照18kg/亩基准进行追肥作业，此外另同步根据酿酒高粱发育进行病虫害防止、除草作业及灌溉及防涝管理；
S5，收获，在酿酒高粱生长至10月下旬前进行收获作业，并在完成收获后将残留的酿酒高粱秸秆与残余可降解膜同步粉碎，并使粉碎后的秸秆及可降解膜返回S1步骤通过深耕作业均匀分布在农田内并由深耕土壤进行包覆搅拌，从 而完成还田并为后续种植完成农田预制工作。
需要说明的，所述S1步骤中，深耕作业均在酿酒高粱收获完成后进行，并在完成深耕晾晒后：
当需要补种秋冬季作物时，则在完成晾晒5—15天后再进行后续作物种植，且秋冬季作物在完成收获后对农田进行再次深耕作业，以备第二年酿酒高粱种植需要；
当完成酿酒高粱收获进行歇地处理时，则在完成深耕后即可进行晾晒，直至酿酒高粱种植前再进行追加底肥和耙平作业。
本实施例中，所述S1步骤中追施底肥为生物复合肥、堆肥中的任意一种或两种共用，同时在追施底肥中，同时进行土壤杀菌剂及杀虫剂喷洒作业。
同时，所述S2步骤中，生物降解地膜宽度为垄面宽度的1.8倍，且生物降解地膜边缘均嵌入土壤表层下，且深度为12毫米。
此外，所述播种作业时，打孔孔径为20毫米，打孔轴线与垄面呈90°夹角，同时打孔播种深度为地垄高度的10％。
本发明提供的酿酒高粱生物降解地膜覆盖种植方法，可广泛适用于酿酒高粱产区各类农田使用的需要，通过生物降解地膜覆盖与除草剂配合使用，达到以下效果：
1、有效的改善和改良酿酒高粱种萌芽育种环境的稳定性，提高酿酒高粱发芽率；
2、有效的提高了水肥综合利用率，可有效的提高农田的保水能力、改良土壤结构，提高土壤肥力，从而减低酿酒高粱种植成本，并提高酿酒高粱产量和植株抗病虫害能力；
3、有效的抑制了酿酒高粱种植期间田间杂草量，可有效防止杂草对酿酒高 粱植株发育造成干扰和影响的同时，另有效的降低了因杂草造成的农田水分机营养成分流失，进一步提高酿酒高粱产量和经济效益的同时，另有效的降低酿酒高粱农田田间管理的劳动强度和成本。
4、通过生物降解地膜和酿酒高粱秸秆的粉碎还田和自然降解，有效的消除了传统地膜造成的塑料和秸秆焚烧造成环境的同时，另可有效的提高农田有机质的含量，改良土壤结构和肥力，消除长期使用化肥造成的土壤板结等情况发生。
5、通过选用生物降解地膜，结合覆膜前喷施除草剂，在高粱生长发育前期(60—75d)，可显著提高抑草效果。
如图2和3所示，重点说明的，所述S2步骤中，覆膜设备包括承载车体1、喷雾辊2、主压辊3、辅助压辊4、可调节辊架5、覆土轮6、放卷架7、喷雾泵8、药剂罐9及驱动电路10，所述放卷架7与承载车体1上端面连接，可调节辊架5与承载车体1下端面连接，且可调节辊架5、放卷架7轴线平行分布并与承载车体1轴线垂直分布，所述可调节辊架5、放卷架7间对应的承载车体1设导向槽11，所述喷雾辊2至少一条，嵌于导向槽11内并与承载车体1轴线垂直分布，所述喷雾辊2两端通过轴套与导向槽11侧壁连接，另通过导流管与喷雾泵8连通，且喷雾泵8另与药剂罐9连通，所述主压辊3、辅助压辊4均与可调节辊架5连接，其中所述主压辊3轴线与承载车体1下端面平行分布并与承载车体1轴线垂直分布，所述辅助压辊4共两个，两辅助压辊4对称分布在主压辊3两侧，主压辊3与辅助压辊4轴线呈0°—90°夹角，所述覆土轮6共两个，对称分布在可调节辊架5两侧，并位于辅助压辊4外侧，且所述覆土轮6轴线与主压辊3轴线平行分布，且覆土轮6下端面超出辅助压辊4下端面至少5毫米，所述驱动电路10与承载车体1上端面连接，并分别与可调节辊架5、放卷架7、 喷雾泵8电气连接。
重点说明的，所述可调节辊架5包括升降驱动机构51、承载横梁52、导向侧梁53、伸缩调节柱54、弹性铰链55、转台机构56，所述承载横梁52、导向侧梁53均为轴向截面呈“冂”字形槽状框架结构，其中主压辊3嵌于承载横梁52内并与承载横梁52轴线平行分布，辅助压辊4嵌于导向侧梁53内并与导向侧梁53轴线平行分布，且主压辊3、辅助压辊4直径为承载横梁52、导向侧梁53宽度的至少2倍，所述承载横梁52上端面通过弹性铰链55与升降驱动机构51铰接，且承载横梁52与升降驱动机构51交点位于承载横梁52中点位置，所述升降驱动机构51上端面通过转台机构56与承载车体1下端面铰接，且升降驱动机构51轴线承载车体1下端面呈0°—90°夹角，所述承载横梁52左侧面和右侧面分别通过伸缩调节柱54与一条导向侧梁53上端面连接，且所述伸缩调节柱54两端分别通过转台机构56与承载横梁52、导向侧梁53铰接，所述承载横梁52、导向侧梁53轴线呈0°—90°夹角，导向侧梁51下端面对应的外侧面与一个覆土轮6连接，所述升降驱动机构51、转台机构56均与驱动电路10电气连接。
本实施例中，所述承载横梁52、导向侧梁53内均设刮土板57，所述刮土板57上端面通过弹性铰链55与承载横梁52、导向侧梁53槽底铰接，下端面与主压辊3、辅助压辊4外表面相抵。
同时，所述喷雾辊2两端对应的轴套与导向槽11侧壁间通过压力传感器13连接，且导向槽11内另设一条以导向槽11轴线与喷雾辊2对称分布的导向辊14，导向辊14通过弹性伸缩柱12与导向槽11侧壁连接，且喷雾辊2和导向辊14间间距为0—10毫米。
此外，所述驱动电路10为基于可编程控制器为基础的电路系统，且驱动电 路10另设数据通讯模块。
其中，升降驱动机构51、伸缩调节柱54及弹性伸缩柱12为电动伸缩杆、液压伸缩杆、气压伸缩杆、齿轮齿条机构中的任意一种。
进一步优化的，所述主压辊3、辅助压辊4为轴向截面呈矩形、椭圆形、梭形结构中的任意一种；所使用的承载车体为轮式牵引车、履带式牵引车中的任意一种，且牵引车另设卫星定位装置。
在进行覆膜作业时，首先将生物可降解膜卷安装到放卷架上，同时在药剂罐内灌注除草剂药液，然后将生物可降解膜通过导向槽牵引导向，并由导向槽内的喷雾辊和导向辊进行承载定位，然后输送至可调节辊架位置，并通过主压辊、辅助压辊将生物可降解膜进行导向并压覆在垄面和垄沟侧壁，同时通过覆土轮将生物可降解膜侧变压入到土壤表层下并由土壤进行包覆压制定位；最后同时驱动承载车体、可调节辊架、喷雾泵运行、放卷架运行，使得放卷架和承载车体同步运行进行生物可降解膜的覆膜作业，并在覆膜过程中，由喷雾辊对生物可降解膜和土壤接触面进行除草剂喷涂，并在完成除草剂喷涂后将生物可降解膜包覆在垄面及垄沟侧表面外，同时通过可调节辊架一方面调整主压辊、辅助压辊及覆土轮对生物可降解膜铺设时与土壤间的压力，提高包覆铺设定位的稳定性，另一方面调整主压辊、辅助压辊之间间距和夹角，以满足不同农田垄面结构铺设作业的需要。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

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  1. 一种基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法及其应用，其特征在于：所述的基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法及其应用包括如下步骤：
    S1，农田整地，首先对农田通过旋耕版进行深耕，并在深耕后对农田晾晒5—15天，然后对农田进行耙平作业，并在耙平过程中对农田地块整体追施底肥和杀菌剂，最后对农田进行起垄作业，并对完成耙平起垄后的农田垄面、垄沟及侧表面喷洒除草剂，并在完成除草剂喷洒后晾晒1—3天。其中，除草剂用96％精异丙甲草胺乳油100ml/亩—125ml/亩，兑水40kg喷施；或用38％莠去津水悬浮剂180ml/亩—240ml/亩，兑水40kg喷施；
    S2，覆膜铺设，通过覆膜设备，为S1步骤整理后的地垄垄面及侧表面通过覆膜设备进行生物降解地膜(颜色为黑色)覆膜作业，将生物降解地膜包覆在地垄垄面及侧表面上，并在完成生物降解地膜铺设后地生物降解地膜表面时间展平定位作用力，实现生物降解地膜定位；
    S3，播种作业，在完成S2步骤生物降解地膜定位作业的至少5天后，利用打孔播种机对垄面进行酿酒高粱播种打孔播种作业，其中播种期为4月中旬—6月上旬，播种时土壤持水量为60％—70％，播种深度为2.5—5厘米，每个孔位内播种2—5粒，且总播种量为0.5—0.8kg/亩；
    S4，田间管理，完成播种后，对酿酒高粱进行追肥及日常田间管理，并在酿酒高粱苗平均植株高度达15—30厘米，对酿酒高粱进行补栽及去苗作业，并在完成补栽及去苗作业后，时植株达到10000—15000株/亩的规模，同时按照3—5kg/亩基准分别在酿酒高粱补栽及去苗作业后的3—7天内进行一次追肥，然后在酿酒高粱拔节期及孕穗期间分别按照10—20kg/亩基准进行追肥作业，此外另同步根据酿酒高粱发育进行病虫害防治、除草作业及灌溉及防涝管理，在高粱生长发育前期(60—75d)，生物降解地膜发挥增温保墒除草的功效，随后生 物降解地膜开始降解，利于后期的追肥等田间操作；
    S5，收获，在酿酒高粱生长至10月下旬前进行收获作业，并在完成收获后将残留的酿酒高粱秸秆与残余可降解膜同步粉碎，并使粉碎后的秸秆及可降解膜返回S1步骤通过深耕作业均匀分布在农田内并由深耕土壤进行包覆搅拌，从而完成还田并为后续种植完成农田预制工作。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法，其特征在于：所述S1步骤中，深耕作业均在酿酒高粱收获完成后进行，并在完成深耕晾晒后：
    当需要补种秋冬季作物时，则在完成晾晒5—15天后再进行后续作物种植，且秋冬季作物在完成收获后对农田进行再次深耕作业，以备第二年酿酒高粱种植需要；
    当完成酿酒高粱收获进行歇地处理时，则在完成深耕后即可进行晾晒，直至酿酒高粱种植前再进行追加底肥和耙平作业。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法，其特征在于：所述S1步骤中追施底肥为生物复合肥、堆肥中的任意一种或两种共用，同时在追施底肥中，同时进行土壤杀菌剂及杀虫剂喷洒作业。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法，其特征在于：所述S2步骤中，生物降解地膜宽度为垄面宽度的1.3—2倍，且生物降解地膜边缘均嵌入土壤表层下，且深度不小于10毫米。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法，其特征在于：所述播种作业时，打孔孔径为10—30毫米，打孔轴线与垄面呈45°—90°夹角，同时打孔播种深度为地垄高度的10％—20％。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法，其特征 在于：所述S2步骤中，覆膜设备包括承载车体、喷雾辊、主压辊、辅助压辊、可调节辊架、覆土轮、放卷架、喷雾泵、药剂罐及驱动电路，所述放卷架与承载车体上端面连接，可调节辊架与承载车体下端面连接，且可调节辊架、放卷架轴线平行分布并与承载车体轴线垂直分布，所述可调节辊架、放卷架间对应的承载车体设导向槽，所述喷雾辊至少一条，嵌于导向槽内并与承载车体轴线垂直分布，所述喷雾辊两端通过轴套与导向槽侧壁连接，另通过导流管与喷雾泵连通，且喷雾泵另与药剂罐连通，所述主压辊、辅助压辊均与可调节辊架连接，其中所述主压辊轴线与承载车体下端面平行分布并与承载车体轴线垂直分布，所述辅助压辊共两个，两辅助压辊对称分布在主压辊两侧，主压辊与辅助压辊轴线呈0°—90°夹角，所述覆土轮共两个，对称分布在可调节辊架两侧，并位于辅助压辊外侧，且所述覆土轮轴线与主压辊轴线平行分布，且覆土轮下端面超出辅助压辊下端面至少5毫米，所述驱动电路与承载车体上端面连接，并分别与可调节辊架、放卷架、喷雾泵电气连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法，其特征在于：所述可调节辊架包括升降驱动机构、承载横梁、导向侧梁、伸缩调节柱、弹性铰链、转台机构，所述承载横梁、导向侧梁均为轴向截面呈“冂”字形槽状框架结构，其中主压辊嵌于承载横梁内并与承载横梁轴线平行分布，辅助压辊嵌于导向侧梁内并与导向侧梁轴线平行分布，且主压辊、辅助压辊直径为承载横梁、导向侧梁宽度的至少2倍，所述承载横梁上端面通过弹性铰链与升降驱动机构铰接，且承载横梁与升降驱动机构交点位于承载横梁中点位置，所述升降驱动机构上端面通过转台机构与承载车体下端面铰接，且升降驱动机构轴线承载车体下端面呈0°—90°夹角，所述承载横梁左侧面和右侧面分别通过伸缩调节柱与一条导向侧梁上端面连接，且所述伸缩调节柱两端分别通过转台机 构与承载横梁、导向侧梁铰接，所述承载横梁、导向侧梁轴线呈0°—90°夹角，导向侧梁下端面对应的外侧面与一个覆土轮连接，所述升降驱动机构、转台机构均与驱动电路电气连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法，其特征在于：所述承载横梁、导向侧梁内均设刮土板，所述刮土板上端面通过弹性铰链与承载横梁、导向侧梁槽底铰接，下端面与主压辊、辅助压辊外表面相抵。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法，其特征在于：所述喷雾辊两端对应的轴套与导向槽侧壁间通过压力传感器连接，且导向槽内另设一条以导向槽轴线与喷雾辊对称分布的导向辊，导向辊通过弹性伸缩柱与导向槽侧壁连接，且喷雾辊和导向辊间间距为0—10毫米，所述驱动电路为基于可编程控制器为基础的电路系统，且驱动电路另设数据通讯模块。
  10. 一种基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法及其应用，其特征在于，其应用采用了权利要求1至9任意一项所述的基于生物降解地膜的酿酒高粱栽培方法。
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