WO2015196407A1 - 一种酿酒用高粱的种植方法 - Google Patents
一种酿酒用高粱的种植方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015196407A1 WO2015196407A1 PCT/CN2014/080806 CN2014080806W WO2015196407A1 WO 2015196407 A1 WO2015196407 A1 WO 2015196407A1 CN 2014080806 W CN2014080806 W CN 2014080806W WO 2015196407 A1 WO2015196407 A1 WO 2015196407A1
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- sorghum
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- organic fertilizer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- the invention relates to a method for planting sorghum for winemaking, in particular to the field of crop planting.
- sorghum As the main raw material for brewing, the production of sorghum has been cultivated by farmers for a long time. It is self-cultivated by itself, and its cultivation techniques are backward. The varieties are degraded, messy, insect-resistant and disease-resistant. The yield is long-term hovering around 150-250 kg/mu. The economic benefits are relatively low. Since sorghum is a regular cross-pollination crop, the natural outcrossing rate is low, generally 0.5-5 %, and it is easy to obtain excellent hybrid lines in the field.
- the characteristics of blush sorghum for winemaking are reasonable ratio of sugar, tannin and keratin.
- the starch content is 66%, of which amylopectin accounts for more than 90%, which is several times or even tens of times higher than other sorghum varieties.
- an important criterion for measuring its quality is: The higher the amylopectin content, the better the quality.
- the red sorghum sorghum has a tannin content of 1.68%, a starch content of up to 71%, and amylopectin content of about 90% of the total starch. It is resistant to cooking and has a high rate of wine production. It is the best raw material that meets the requirements of brewing Moutai.
- Liquor is made from sorghum, corn, rice and other food crops. Therefore, there is a large amount of rice husk (which contains more cellulose and lignin) in the liquor, which forms a hard-to-digest material, which is not conducive to animals.
- rice husk which contains more cellulose and lignin
- the distiller's grains are rich in nutrients, including a large amount of residual alcohol, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, crude fiber and a small amount of plant crude protein, starch and other nutrients. It is an important renewable organic resource with great development. potential.
- the vinasse can be fermented as a fertilizer by microbial fermentation.
- the distiller's grains itself is the product of the fermentation of white wine by grain crops, the material properties are very suitable for the growth of microbial flora.
- the method of microbial treatment has a long fermentation cycle and generally takes 30-40 days; the obtained product is relatively single, and the added value of the product is low.
- Patent ZL201210260936.9, ZL201210252105.7 and ZL201210252010.5 disclose a method for the ecological transformation of Musca domestica to treat different types of white wine, in which the larvae are placed in the production of maggot protein in order to ensure the stability of the production of the flies. The bottom material is propagated, and the residual bottom material after the fly maggot is dried to make a bio-organic fertilizer.
- Maotai Winery has 600,000 mu of organic sorghum planting base, and needs 90,000 tons of organic fertilizer per year. Annual output of Maotai Distillery The distiller's grains are about 120,000 tons.
- nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are used together in the fertilization period, or organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are used in combination.
- the amount of traditional fertilizer used is large, which may cause environmental pollution and other problems.
- the housefly is bred by the liquor, and the residual bottom material after the growth of the maggot is dried. It is combined with other components to make a special fertilizer for sorghum planting. It is used in the cultivation of sorghum for brewing, and no related technical reports have been reported yet.
- a method for planting sorghum for winemaking comprising the following steps: 1) Seeding and seedling: sowing from late March to late April, seedling raising, seedling 3-5 leaves after emergence, 5-7 days before seedling transplanting, per acre Datian Shigao special organic fertilizer 40-60kg as the base fertilizer, the ratio of the area of the seedling seedling bed and the field is 1 : 25 ⁇ 1:30;
- cultivating and weeding cultivating weeding in late April; 5-7 days before the first cultivating and weeding, 15-35kg of special organic fertilizer per acre for jointing fertilizer; second cultivating and weeding in mid- May, the second 3-5 days after cultivating and weeding, 40-60kg of special organic fertilizer per acre is used as the earing fertilizer; in the middle of June, the third cultivating and weeding is carried out, and 5-15kg of special organic fertilizer for sorghum is applied as the grouting fertilizer; the third cultivating and weeding After 20-25 days, apply 10-20kg of sorghum special organic fertilizer per acre for ear grain fertilizer;
- step 1) 5 leaves are transplanted after emergence, and the ratio of the area of the seedling seedling bed and the field is 1:30. Further, in the step 1), the substrate for seedling raising is prepared by using 10-15 parts of peat soil, 3-5 parts of perlite, 2-3 parts of red jade soil and 3-5 parts of bark in parts by weight. to make.
- the substrate for seedling raising is prepared by adding 12 parts of peat soil, 5 parts of perlite, 2 parts of red jade soil and 4 parts of bark in parts by weight.
- step 1) 6 days before the seedling transplanting, 50 kg of special organic fertilizer per acre is used as the base fertilizer; in step 2), 6 days before the first cultivating and weeding, 25 kg of special organic fertilizer per acre is used for jointing Fertilizer; 4 days after the second cultivating and weeding, 50kg of special organic fertilizer per acre is used as the fertilizer for the ear; the third cultivating and weeding (ie, grain filling period), 10kg of special organic fertilizer for sorghum is used as the grouting fertilizer; 23 days after weeding, 15kg sorghum special organic fertilizer per acre was applied as panicle fertilizer.
- step 2) 6 days before the first cultivating and weeding, 25 kg of special organic fertilizer per acre is used for jointing Fertilizer; 4 days after the second cultivating and weeding, 50kg of special organic fertilizer per acre is used as the fertilizer for the ear; the third cultivating and weeding (ie, grain filling period), 10kg of special
- the above-mentioned sorghum special organic fertilizer is 60-67 parts of the residual base after the housewife is sown by the white wine, 5-12 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 15-18 parts of potassium chloride, and 3: 5 parts and 10-15 parts of water are prepared.
- the aforementioned sorghum special organic fertilizer is made up of 60 parts of residual base material after the housefly is regenerated by the liquor, and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 8 A portion, 16 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of housefly cockroach and 12 parts of water are mixed in proportion, and then pulverized and granulated.
- the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potassium chloride are organically certified by relevant state agencies.
- the residual bottom material of the aforementioned white wine after the housefly is propagated is the residual base material after the growth of the fly maggot in the invention patent ZL201210260936.9, or the residual base material after the growth of the fly maggot in the invention patent ZL201210252105.7, or the invention patent ZL201210252010.5 Residual primer after the growth of maggots.
- Peat soil, perlite, red jade soil and bark are used to form seedling substrate. It is based on: (1) peat soil, light texture, good water retention, good gas permeability, rich in organic matter; (2) perlite, good ventilation and water retention, Excellent fertilizer retention, light texture; (3) Red jade soil, can increase the drainage and air permeability in the soil; (4) Bark, fiber is more and stronger, can avoid weeds or soil loss; The combination of the points can effectively improve the soil and is more conducive to sorghum seedlings.
- the sorghum planting method adopted by the invention adopts sorghum special organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer, the jointing fertilizer, the booting fertilizer, the grouting fertilizer and the ear granule fertilizer in each period of fertilization.
- the sorghum special organic fertilizer is a method for treating different types of white wine by using the family fly breeding ecological transformation disclosed in the patents ZL201210260936.9, ZL201210252105.7 and ZL201210252010.5, and converting the white wine to the bottom material of the sorghum special organic fertilizer.
- the residual base of the housewife after the housewife has been bred and mixed with other organic fertilizer components.
- the fly maggot protein base remaining after the fly maggots in the breeding process of the housefly which realizes the secondary utilization of the residual bottom material and avoids the waste of resources; on the other hand, the residual metabolites of the maggots in the bottom material
- the bioactive functional ingredients can reduce and decompose the residues of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the soil and play a role in solidifying the metal, improving the soil environment and avoiding environmental pollution.
- the sorghum special organic fertilizer, the commercially available sorghum special formula fertilizer and the commercially available bio-organic fertilizer are respectively used as fertilizers in the fertilization period, 150 kg per acre is fertilized, and the sorghum yield is recorded, and the results are shown in Table 1. Show.
- the area per plot is 10m 2 , the yield of the plot is the total seed weight, the yield per mu is calculated as the total seed removal rate, and the yield per mu is calculated as 85% of the seed removal rate).
- the base material By converting the white wine into the base material of sorghum special organic fertilizer, the base material is combined with other organic fertilizer components to make sorghum special organic fertilizer, forming a closed-loop agricultural production process of "organic planting - sorghum wine-fertilizer production organic fertilizer" .
- the subsidiary products of the previous link will be used as the raw materials of the next link to form a sustainable virtuous cycle, meeting the requirements of ecological, green and environmental protection; ensuring the rational secondary utilization of the subsidiary products produced in each link. It avoids the waste of resources, enhances the added value of resources, and forms new high value-added products; thus achieving the goal of lowering the cost of the entire industrial chain and generating better economic benefits.
- the use of the sorghum planting method of the present invention can not only improve the yield of high-quality sorghum, but also effectively solve the problem of large demand for brewing raw materials. At the same time, it can provide a more reasonable and efficient and safe treatment method for the residual fly maggot protein production base produced during the process of brewing liquor, which can realize the secondary utilization of resources and generate new high added value.
- the industrialization process of sustainable recycling can be used to realize the secondary utilization of resources and generate new high added value.
- the present invention provides a method for planting sorghum for brewing, and uses sorghum special organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, a jointing fertilizer, a booting fertilizer, a grouting fertilizer and a spike fertilizer in the fertilization period.
- the special organic fertilizer for sorghum is made by using the domestic fly breeding ecological transformation to treat the different types of white wine, and the residual fly maggot protein production base after the growth of the maggot is used as the main component, and is also combined with other organic fertilizer components.
- the residual bottom material after the growth of maggots is rationally utilized, the secondary utilization of resources is realized, the waste of resources is avoided, the production cost is saved, and new added value is generated.
- the planting method of the present invention can significantly increase the yield of the organic sorghum and have a significant yield increasing effect.
- the demand for sorghum-specific organic fertilizers is reduced, and excessive fertilization can be avoided to pollute the environment.
- the overall value of the entire industry chain has been raised.
- peat soil, perlite, red jade soil, bark, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride, and housefly cockroach shells in the following examples are all commercially available products.
- Example 1 A method for planting sorghum for brewing, using the sorghum-dedicated organic fertilizer prepared in Example 4, comprising the following steps:
- Seeding and seedling Seeding on March 25, seedling raising, seedling bed seedlings, consisting of 20 kg of peat soil, 6 kg of perlite, 4 kg of red jade soil and 6 kg of bark, transplanting 3 leaves after emergence, seedling transplanting In the first 5 days, 40kg of special organic fertilizer per ar of field sorghum was used as the base fertilizer, and the ratio of the area of seedling seedling bed and field was 1:25;
- Example 2 A method for planting sorghum for winemaking, using the sorghum-dedicated organic fertilizer prepared in Example 5, comprising the following steps:
- Seeding and seedling Seeding on March 31, seedling seedling raising, seedling bed seedling substrate, prepared from peat soil 30kg, perlite 10kg, red jade soil 6kg and bark 8kg, transplanted 5 leaves after emergence, seedling transplanting In the first 7 days, 60kg of special organic fertilizer per ar of field sorghum is used as the base fertilizer, and the ratio of the area of seedling seedling bed and field is 1:30;
- cultivating and weeding cultivating and weeding on April 22; 7 days before the first cultivating and weeding, 35 kg of special organic fertilizer per acre of sorghum for jointing fertilizer; second cultivating and weeding on May 18, second cultivating and weeding In the last 5 days, 40 kg of special organic fertilizer per acre of sorghum was used as the booting fertilizer; on June 17th, the third cultivating and weeding (ie, grain filling period), supplementing sorghum special organic fertilizer 5kg as grouting fertilizer to increase 1000-grain weight; 25 days after weeding, 20kg high sorghum special organic fertilizer per mu was used as ear grain fertilizer;
- Example 3 A method for planting sorghum for winemaking, using the sorghum-dedicated organic fertilizer prepared in Example 6, comprising the following steps:
- Seeding and seedling April 5th sowing, seedling seedling raising, seedling bed seedling substrate, prepared from peat soil 25kg, perlite 7kg, red jade soil 5kg and bark 10kg, transplanted 4 leaves after emergence, seedling transplanting
- 50kg of special organic fertilizer for each acre of sorghum is used as the base fertilizer, and the ratio of the area of seedling seedling bed and field is 1:28;
- cultivating and weeding cultivating and weeding on April 30; 6 days before the first cultivating and weeding, 25kg of special organic fertilizer per acre of sorghum for jointing fertilizer; second cultivating and weeding on May 12, second cultivating and weeding In the last 4 days, 50kg of special organic fertilizer per acre was used as the booting fertilizer; on June 13th, the third cultivating and weeding was carried out, and 10kg of special organic fertilizer for sorghum was applied as grouting fertilizer to increase 1000-grain weight; 23 days after the third cultivating and weeding, chasing Apply 15kg of sorghum special organic fertilizer per mu as ear grain fertilizer;
- Example 4 Preparation of special organic fertilizer for sorghum: The residual base of the housewife after the white wine was discarded (the invention patent ZL201210252010.5, "The method of ecological transformation of the housefly larvae of the scented liquor" Residual base material) 300kg, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 25kg, potassium chloride 75kg, housefly oyster shell 25kg and water 75kg, granulated and obtained.
- Example 5 Preparation of special organic fertilizer for sorghum: Retaining the residual base after the white wine is discarded and breeding housefly (invention patent ZL201210252105.7, "Method for the treatment of scented liquor by the fly maggots" The residual base after the growth of the maggots) 335kg, organically certified calcium magnesium phosphate 60kg, organically certified potassium chloride 90kg, home 15kg of maggot shell and 50kg of water are obtained by crushing and granulating.
- Example 6 Preparation of special organic fertilizer for sorghum: Retaining the residual base after the white wine is discarded and breeding the housefly (Invention patent ZL201210260936.9, "Method for the reproduction of the ecologically-transformed sauce-flavored liquor of Musca domestica" Residual bottom material after growth) 320kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 45kg, potassium chloride 85kg, housefly cockroach shell 20kg and water 60kg, granulated and obtained.
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Abstract
一种酿酒用高粱的种植方法，包括以下步骤：1）播种育苗：3月下旬至4月下旬播种，苗床育苗，出苗后3-5叶移栽，移栽前5-7天，每亩施高粱专用有机肥40-60kg作底肥，撒播育苗苗床和大田的面积比例为1:25～1:30；2）中耕除草：4月下旬进行中耕除草；第一次中耕除草前5-7天，每亩施高粱专用有机肥15-35kg作拔节肥；5月中旬进行第二次中耕除草，第二次中耕除草后3-5天，每亩施高粱专用有机肥40-60kg作孕穗肥；6月中旬进行第三次中耕除草，补施高粱专用有机肥5-15kg作为灌浆肥；第三次中耕除草后20-25天，追施每亩10-20kg高粱专用有机肥作穗粒肥；3）收获：当穗子上中部籽粒变红时及时采收。采用本发明的技术方案，可以显著提高酿酒用高粱的产量。
Description
说 明 书
一种酿酒用高粱的种植方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种酿酒用高粱的种植方法， 具体属于农作物种植领域。
背景技术
作为酿酒的主要原料， 高粱的生产长期以来， 基本是农户自然种植， 自行留种， 栽培技 术落后， 品种退化、 杂乱， 抗虫、 抗病力弱， 产量长期徘徊在 150-250公斤 /亩左右， 经济效 益比较低。 由于高粱是常异花授粉作物， 天然异交率低， 一般为 0.5-5 %， 田间容易获得优 良杂交品系。 在大面积生产上采取系统选育法就可以选育新的高产、 优质、 适合酿酒的高粱 品种， 经过标准化有机栽培管理技术， 生产优质、 高产的酿酒有机高粱产品。
酿酒用糯红高梁的特性是糖分、 单宁、 角质比例合理， 淀粉含量达 66%， 其中支链淀粉 占 90%以上， 为其它高粱品种的数倍， 甚至数十倍。 而作为酿酒主要原料的糯红高粱， 衡量 其品质的一个重要标准就是： 支链淀粉含量越高， 品质越好。
目前茅台酒厂有机红粮种植基地种植的糯红高粱单宁含量 1.68%， 淀粉含量最高 71%， 支链淀粉含量约占总淀粉的 90%， 糯性好， 玻璃质含量高， 种皮厚， 耐蒸煮、 出酒率高， 是 最符合酿造茅台酒工艺要求的优质原料。
根据有机绿色白酒标准， 其原材料生产加工过程中， 不使用任何基因技术， 不施用任何 化学农药、 化肥、 生长调节剂、 食品添加剂及防腐剂等化学物质。 所以种植过程必须使用有 机肥。
白酒酿造以高粱、 玉米、 大米等粮食作物为主要原料， 所以白酒丢糟中有大量的稻壳 (其中含有较多的纤维素和木质素）， 形成一种难以消化的物质， 不利于动物的吸收； 另一 方面， 酒糟中含有丰富的营养成分， 包括大量的残留酒精、 酿酒酵母、 粗纤维及少量的植物 粗蛋白、 淀粉等营养物质， 是重要的可再生有机资源， 具有极大的开发潜力。 酒糟可经微生 物发酵用作肥料。 由于酒糟本身就是粮食类作物发酵酿造白酒后的产物， 其物料性质非常适 合微生物菌群的生长。 但是微生物处理的方法发酵周期比较长， 一般需要 30-40天； 所得产 品比较单一， 产品衍生附加值较低。
专利 ZL201210260936.9、 ZL201210252105.7和 ZL201210252010.5中公开了家蝇繁殖生 态转化处理不同类型白酒丢糟的方法， 其中为了保证白酒丢糟生产蝇株的稳定性， 将幼虫置 于蝇蛆蛋白生产底料中繁殖， 蝇蛆生长后的残余底料烘干制成生物有机肥料。
目前仅茅台酒厂就有有机高粱种植基地 60万亩， 年需要有机肥 9万吨。 茅台酒厂年产
酒糟 12万吨左右。 传统的高粱种植方法中， 施肥期采用氮、 磷、 钾配合使用， 或者是使用 有机肥与无机肥配合施用。 为了达到高产的目的， 使用传统肥料的量较大， 易导致环境污染 等问题。 利用白酒丟糟培育家蝇， 蝇蛆生长后的残余底料烘干， 与其他组分配合制成高粱种 植的专用肥料， 将其用于酿酒用高粱的种植中， 还尚未有相关技术报道。
发明内容
为解决现有技术的不足， 本发明的目的在于提供一种酿酒用高粱的种植方法。 采用本发 明的技术方案， 在同样的施肥量的情况下， 能够有效地提高酿酒用有机高粱的产量。
为了实现上述目标， 本发明采用如下的技术方案：
一种酿酒用高粱的种植方法， 包括以下步骤： 1 ) 播种育苗： 3 月下旬至 4 月下旬播 种， 苗床育苗， 出苗后 3-5 叶移栽， 育苗移栽前 5-7 天， 每亩大田施高粱专用有机肥 40- 60kg作底肥， 撒播育苗苗床和大田的面积比例为 1:25~1:30；
2) 中耕除草： 4月下旬进行中耕除草； 第一次中耕除草前 5-7天， 每亩施高粱专用有机 肥 15-35kg作拔节肥； 5月中旬进行第二次中耕除草， 第二次中耕除草后 3-5天， 每亩施高 粱专用有机肥 40-60kg 作孕穗肥； 6 月中旬进行第三次中耕除草， 补施高粱专用有机肥 5- 15kg 作为灌浆肥； 第三次中耕除草后 20-25 天， 追施每亩 10-20kg 高粱专用有机肥作穗粒 肥；
3 ) 收获： 当穗子上中部籽粒变红时及时采收。
进一步地， 步骤 1 ) 中， 出苗后 5叶移栽， 撒播育苗苗床和大田的面积比例为 1:30。 进一步地， 步骤 1 ) 中， 苗床育苗的基质为， 以重量份数计， 由泥炭土 10-15份、 珍珠 岩 3-5份、 赤玉土 2-3份和树皮 3-5份配制而成。
进一步地， 步骤 1 ) 中， 苗床育苗的基质为， 以重量份数计， 由泥炭土 12份、 珍珠岩 5 份、 赤玉土 2份和树皮 4份配制而成。
进一步地， 步骤 1 ) 中， 育苗移栽前 6天， 每亩施高粱专用有机肥 50kg作底肥； 步骤 2) 中， 第一次中耕除草前 6天， 每亩施高粱专用有机肥 25kg作拔节肥； 第二次中耕除草后 4 天， 每亩施高粱专用有机肥 50kg 作孕穗肥； 第三次中耕除草时 （即籽粒灌浆期） 补施高 粱专用有机肥 10kg作为灌浆肥； 第三次中耕除草后 23天， 追施每亩 15kg高粱专用有机肥 作穗粒肥。
以重量份数计， 前述高粱专用有机肥由白酒丢糟繁殖家蝇后的残余底料 60-67份、 钙镁 磷肥 5-12份、 氯化钾 15-18份、 家蝇蛹壳 3-5份和水 10-15份配制而成。
优选的， 前述高粱专用有机肥由白酒丢糟繁殖家蝇后的残余底料 60 份、 钙镁磷肥 8
份、 氯化钾 16份、 家蝇蛹壳 4份和水 12份按比例混合后， 粉碎造粒制得。 其中所述的钙镁 磷肥、 氯化钾是经过国家相关机构进行了有机认证的。
前述白酒丢糟繁殖家蝇后的残余底料是发明专利 ZL201210260936.9 中蝇蛆生长后的残 余底料， 或者是发明专利 ZL201210252105.7 中蝇蛆生长后的残余底料， 也可以是发明专利 ZL201210252010.5中蝇蛆生长后的残余底料。
采用泥炭土、 珍珠岩、 赤玉土和树皮配制成育苗基质， 是基于： （1 ) 泥炭土， 质地轻， 保水、 透气性好， 富含有机质； （2) 珍珠岩， 通气性良好保水、 保肥性极佳， 质地轻； （3 ) 赤玉土， 能够增加土壤中的排水性及透气度； （4) 树皮， 纤维多而强韧， 可以避免杂草蔓生 或土壤流失； 通过以上组分的配合作用， 可以有效改良土壤， 更加利于高粱育苗。
本发明采用的高粱种植方法， 在施肥的各个时期采用高粱专用有机肥分别作为底肥、 拔 节肥、 孕穗肥、 灌浆肥和穗粒肥等等。 该高粱专用有机肥是通过专利 ZL201210260936.9、 ZL201210252105.7和 ZL201210252010.5 中公开的家蝇繁殖生态转化处理不同类型白酒丢糟 的方法， 将白酒丟糟转化为高粱专用有机肥的底料， 白酒丢糟繁殖家蝇后的残余底料与其他 有机肥料成分配合制成的。 一方面充分利用了家蝇繁殖过程中蝇蛆生长后残余的蝇蛆蛋白底 料， 实现了对残余底料的二次利用， 避免了资源的浪费； 另一方面底料中蝇蛆残留代谢物中 的生物活性功能成分可以降低和分解化肥农药在土壤中的残留物并起到重金属固化作用， 改 善了土壤环境， 避免了对环境造成污染。
采用本发明的高粱种植方法， 分别使用高粱专用有机肥、 市售高粱专用配方化肥和市售 生物有机肥作为施肥期的肥料， 每亩施肥 150kg， 对高粱产量进行记录， 其结果如表 1 所 示。
表 1
(每小区面积 10m2， 小区产量为全脱籽粒重， 亩产量①为全脱籽率算， 亩产量②按 85%脱籽率算）。
由表 1中可以看出， 在相同的种植周期中， 使用本发明种植方法， 在同样的施肥量的情 况下， 采用高粱专用有机肥后， 高粱的小区产量与亩产量明显高于使用市售高粱专用配方化 肥和市售生物有机肥的， 实现了增产的目的。 因此， 达到同等程度的增产量的情况下， 对高
粱专用有机肥的需求量减少， 可以避免过度施肥， 对环境造成污染。
通过将白酒丟糟转化为高粱专用有机肥的底料， 底料与其他有机肥料成分配合制成高粱 专用有机肥， 形成 "有机种植 -高粱酿酒-酒糟生产有机肥料" 的闭式循环农业生产过程。 通 过各环节间的配合， 上一环节的附属产物作为下一环节的原料， 形成可持续的良性循环， 达 到了生态、 绿色、 环保的要求； 保证了各个环节产生的附属产物的合理二次利用， 避免了资 源的浪费， 提升了资源的附加价值， 形成新的高附加值的产品； 从而实现了整个产业链的成 本降低， 产生更好经济效益的目的。
随着白酒企业对高粱的需求量的增加， 使用本发明的高粱种植方法， 不仅可以提升优质 的高粱的亩产量， 有效地解决酿酒原料需求量大的问题。 同时对于酿酒产生的白酒丟糟处理 过程中产生的残余的蝇蛆蛋白生产底料， 也能提供更加合理高效安全的处理方式， 实现资源 的二次利用， 并产生新的高附加值， 实现了可持续的循环利用的产业化过程。
与现有种植方法相比， 本发明提供的一种酿酒用高粱的种植方法， 在施肥期使用高粱专 用有机肥分别作为底肥、 拔节肥、 孕穗肥、 灌浆肥和穗粒肥等等。 高粱专用有机肥， 是采用 家蝇繁殖生态转化处理不同类型白酒丢糟过程中， 蝇蛆生长后残余的蝇蛆蛋白生产底料作为 主要成分， 同时与其他有机肥料成分配合而制成的。 一方面是将蝇蛆生长后的残余底料进行 合理利用， 实现了对资源的二次利用， 避免资源的浪费， 节约了生产成本， 并且产生新的附 加价值。 另一方面经过高粱种植产量的验证， 使用本发明的种植方法， 可以显著提高有机高 粱的产量， 起到明显的增产效果。 达到同等程度的增产量的情况下， 对高粱专用有机肥的需 求量减少， 可以避免过度施肥， 对环境造成污染。 因此， 实现了整个产业链价值的整体提 升。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的介绍。
下述实施例中的泥炭土、 珍珠岩、 赤玉土、 树皮、 钙镁磷肥、 氯化钾、 家蝇蛹壳均为市 售产品。
实施例 1 : 一种酿酒用高粱的种植方法， 采用实施例 4制得的高粱专用有机肥， 包括以 下步骤：
1 ) 播种育苗： 3月 25日播种， 苗床育苗， 苗床育苗的基质为， 由泥炭土 20kg、 珍珠岩 6kg, 赤玉土 4kg和树皮 6kg配制而成， 出苗后 3叶移栽， 育苗移栽前 5天， 每亩大田施高 粱专用有机肥 40kg作底肥， 撒播育苗苗床和大田的面积比例为 1:25;
2) 中耕除草： 4月 20 日进行中耕除草； 第一次中耕除草前 5天， 每亩施高粱专用有机
肥 15kg作拔节肥； 5月 16日进行第二次中耕除草， 第二次中耕除草后 3天， 每亩施高粱专 用有机肥 60kg作孕穗肥； 6月 16 日进行第三次中耕除草 （即籽粒灌浆期）， 补施高粱专用 有机肥 15kg作为灌浆肥提高千粒重； 第三次中耕除草后 20天， 追施每亩 10kg高粱专用有 机肥作穗粒肥；
3 ) 收获： 当穗子上中部籽粒变红时及时采收。
实施例 2: —种酿酒用高粱的种植方法， 采用实施例 5制得的高粱专用有机肥， 包括以 下步骤：
1 ) 播种育苗： 3月 31 日播种， 苗床育苗， 苗床育苗的基质为， 由泥炭土 30kg、 珍珠岩 10kg, 赤玉土 6kg和树皮 8kg配制而成， 出苗后 5叶移栽， 育苗移栽前 7天， 每亩大田施高 粱专用有机肥 60kg作底肥， 撒播育苗苗床和大田的面积比例为 1:30;
2) 中耕除草： 4月 22 日进行中耕除草； 第一次中耕除草前 7天， 每亩施高粱专用有机 肥 35kg作拔节肥； 5月 18 日进行第二次中耕除草， 第二次中耕除草后 5天， 每亩施高粱专 用有机肥 40kg作孕穗肥； 6月 17 日进行第三次中耕除草 （即籽粒灌浆期）， 补施高粱专用 有机肥 5kg作为灌浆肥提高千粒重； 第三次中耕除草后 25天， 追施每亩 20kg高粱专用有机 肥作穗粒肥；
3 ) 收获： 当穗子上中部籽粒变红时及时采收。
实施例 3: —种酿酒用高粱的种植方法， 采用实施例 6制得的高粱专用有机肥， 包括以 下步骤：
1 ) 播种育苗： 4月 5 日播种， 苗床育苗， 苗床育苗的基质为， 由泥炭土 25kg、 珍珠岩 7kg、 赤玉土 5kg和树皮 10kg配制而成， 出苗后 4叶移栽， 育苗移栽前 6天， 每亩大田施高 粱专用有机肥 50kg作底肥， 撒播育苗苗床和大田的面积比例为 1:28;
2) 中耕除草： 4月 30 日进行中耕除草； 第一次中耕除草前 6天， 每亩施高粱专用有机 肥 25kg作拔节肥； 5月 12日进行第二次中耕除草， 第二次中耕除草后 4天， 每亩施高粱专 用有机肥 50kg作孕穗肥； 6月 13 日进行第三次中耕除草， 补施高粱专用有机肥 10kg作为 灌浆肥提高千粒重； 第三次中耕除草后 23天， 追施每亩 15kg高粱专用有机肥作穗粒肥；
3 ) 收获： 当穗子上中部籽粒变红时及时采收。
实施例 4: 高粱专用有机肥的配制： 称取白酒丢糟繁殖家蝇后的残余底料 （发明专利 ZL201210252010.5 , "清香型白酒丢糟家蝇幼虫生态转化的方法" 中蝇蛆生长后的残余底 料） 300kg、 钙镁磷肥 25kg、 氯化钾 75kg、 家蝇蛹壳 25kg和水 75kg， 粉碎造粒即得。
实施例 5 : 高粱专用有机肥的配制： 称取白酒丢糟繁殖家蝇后的残余底料 （发明专利
ZL201210252105.7, "蝇蛆资源化处理浓香型白酒丢糟的方法" 中蝇蛆生长后的残余底料） 335kg , 经有机认证的钙镁磷肥 60kg、 经有机认证的氯化钾 90kg、 家蝇蛹壳 15kg 和水 50kg, 粉碎造粒即得。
实施例 6: 高粱专用有机肥的配制： 称取白酒丢糟繁殖家蝇后的残余底料 （发明专利 ZL201210260936.9, "家蝇繁殖生态转化处理酱香型白酒丢糟的方法" 中蝇蛆生长后的残余 底料） 320kg、 钙镁磷肥 45kg、 氯化钾 85kg、 家蝇蛹壳 20kg和水 60kg， 粉碎造粒即得。
Claims
1. 一种酿酒用高粱的种植方法， 其特征在于： 包括以下步骤：
1 ) 播种育苗： 3月下旬至 4月下旬播种， 苗床育苗， 出苗后 3-5叶移栽， 育苗移栽前 5- 7 天， 每亩大田施高粱专用有机肥 40-60kg 作底肥， 撒播育苗苗床和大田的面积比例为 1:25-1:30；
2) 中耕除草： 4月下旬进行中耕除草， 第一次中耕除草前 5-7天， 每亩施高粱专用有机 肥 15-35kg作拔节肥； 5月中旬进行第二次中耕除草， 第二次中耕除草后 3-5天， 每亩施高 粱专用有机肥 40-60kg 作孕穗肥； 6 月中旬进行第三次中耕除草， 补施高粱专用有机肥 5- 15kg 作为灌浆肥； 第三次中耕除草后 20-25 天， 追施每亩 10-20kg 高粱专用有机肥作穗粒 肥；
3 ) 收获： 当穗子上中部籽粒变红时及时采收。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种酿酒用高粱的种植方法， 其特征在于： 步骤 1 ) 中， 出苗后 5 叶移栽， 撒播育苗苗床和大田的面积比例为 1:30。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种酿酒用高粱的种植方法， 其特征在于： 步骤 1 ) 中， 苗床育苗 的基质为， 以重量份数计， 由泥炭土 10-15份、 珍珠岩 3-5份、 赤玉土 2-3份和树皮 3-5份 配制而成。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的一种酿酒用高粱的种植方法， 其特征在于： 步骤 1 ) 中， 苗床育苗 的基质为， 以重量份数计， 由泥炭土 12份、 珍珠岩 5份、 赤玉土 2份和树皮 4份配制而 成。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种酿酒用高粱的种植方法， 其特征在于： 步骤 1 ) 中， 育苗移栽 前 6天， 每亩施高粱专用有机肥 50kg作底肥； 步骤 2) 中， 第一次中耕除草前 6天， 每亩 施高粱专用有机肥 25kg作拔节肥； 第二次中耕除草后 4天， 每亩施高粱专用有机肥 50kg作 孕穗肥； 第三次中耕除草时补施高粱专用有机肥 10kg 作为灌浆肥； 第三次中耕除草后 23 天， 追施每亩 15kg高粱专用有机肥作穗粒肥。
6. 根据权利要求 1 或 5 所述的一种酿酒用高粱的种植方法， 其特征在于： 以重量份数计， 所述高粱专用有机肥由白酒丢糟繁殖家蝇后的残余底料 60-67 份、 钙镁磷肥 5-12份、 氯化 钾 15-18份、 家蝇蛹壳 3-5份和水 10-15份配制而成。
7. 根据权利要求 6 所述的一种酿酒用高粱的种植方法， 其特征在于： 所述高粱专用有机肥 由白酒丢糟繁殖家蝇后的残余底料 60份、 钙镁磷肥 8份、 氯化钾 16份、 家蝇蛹壳 4份和水 12份按比例混合后， 粉碎造粒制得。
8. 根据权利要求 6 所述的一种酿酒用高粱的种植方法， 其特征在于： 所述白酒丢糟繁殖家
蝇后的残余底料是发明专利 ZL201210260936.9中蝇蛆生长后的残余底料。
9. 根据权利要求 6 所述的酿酒用高粱的种植方法， 其特征在于： 所述白酒丢糟繁殖家蝇后 的残余底料是发明专利 ZL201210252105.7中蝇蛆生长后的残余底料。
10. 根据权利要求 6所述的酿酒用高粱的种植方法， 其特征在于： 所述白酒丢糟繁殖家蝇后 的残余底料是发明专利 ZL201210252010.5中蝇蛆生长后的残余底料。
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