Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
  • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
  • B04B11/00—Feeding, charging, or discharging bowls
  • B04B11/04—Periodical feeding or discharging; Control arrangements therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
  • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
  • B04B11/00—Feeding, charging, or discharging bowls
  • B04B11/06—Arrangement of distributors or collectors in centrifuges
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
  • B01D21/26—Separation of sediment aided by centrifugal force or centripetal force
  • B01D21/262—Separation of sediment aided by centrifugal force or centripetal force by using a centrifuge
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
  • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
  • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
  • B04B1/04—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles with inserted separating walls
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
  • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
  • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
  • B04B1/04—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles with inserted separating walls
  • B04B1/08—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles with inserted separating walls of conical shape
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
  • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
  • B04B11/00—Feeding, charging, or discharging bowls
  • B04B11/02—Continuous feeding or discharging; Control arrangements therefor
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/38—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
  • C02F1/385—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation by centrifuging suspensions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
  • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds

Definitions

• the invention relates to a centrifugal separator and a method for clarifying a liquid/solid mixture of solids using such a centrifugal separator.
• Centrifugal separators for separating tasks of all kinds are known from the prior art.
• DE 10 2005 021 331 A1 shows a three-phase separation separator and a method for three-phase separation with such a separator, in which a heavier liquid phase is discharged via an outlet to which a throttle device is assigned and a lighter liquid phase is discharged by means a peeling disc.
• the solids are discharged continuously via solids outlet nozzles.
• DE 697 12 569 T2 discloses a separating separator in which the lighter liquid phase takes place using an impeller and the other heavy liquid phase takes place using an outlet element, which is pressed with a drive device to varying locations on a free liquid surface, so that during operation the discharge is also always possible This phase takes place, with the immersion depth in this phase being kept as constant as possible in order to reduce energy consumption.
• a suitable method for clarifying the liquid/solid mixture of floating solids and sedimenting solids is to be created.
• the invention solves this problem by the (centrifugal) separator of claim 1 and the method of claim 13.
• a separator with a rotatable drum is created, the drum being designed to clarify a liquid-Zsolids mixture with sedimenting and floating solids from the solids in the centrifugal field in a batch operation, so that the liquid-Zsolids mixture is divided into a liquid phase and a first, lighter one Solids phase from floating solids and a second, heavier solids phase from sedimenting solids can be separated, the drum having a separating space and a liquid discharge from the separating space that continuously drains the clarified liquid phase during the processing of the batch, as well as at least two solids collection areas provided on different radii of the drum, of which one designed to collect the first, lighter solid phase and the other to collect the second, heavier solid phase, with the solids collection areas being able to fill with the respective solid phase over time during the processing of the respective batch.
• Such a separator is designed particularly advantageously for clarifying a product which contains at least one free-flowing phase of a first density QL and at least two solid phases with two different density classes QSI and gSh.
• the two solid phases preferably contain plastic particles of different density classes QSI and gSh and the following applies: QSI ⁇ QL ⁇ gSh.
• the lighter solid phase and the heavier solid phase can in turn be composed of solids of different densities, which are only lighter or heavier than the liquid phase. The lighter solid phase, the liquid phase and the heavier liquid phase are separated from one another and collected separately.
• the drum is designed in such a way that the liquid phase is discharged from the separating space on a central radius, the first solids collection area for the lighter solids phase is on a smaller radius relative to the central radius, and the second solids collection area for the heavier solids phase is on a is larger radius relative to the mean radius.
• the solids of different densities can advantageously be collected during operation, once radially further inwards and once radially further outwards in the drum.
• the means for increasing the equivalent clarification area can be a plate pack or else a rib insert with ribs that extend essentially radially, for example.
• the mean radius on which the continuous liquid discharge takes place can also be realized in various ways, such as with a separator plate or with one or more tubes whose inlet is in the area of the mean radius and through which the liquid from the rotating drum is guided.
• the drum can be opened, so that the solid phases can be removed from the drum after processing a batch and when the drum is stationary.
• the drum can be opened in a lower area, so that after processing a batch, the solid phases and a Residual liquid can drain from the drum via a drain into a container.
• the invention also provides a use of a separator according to one of the preceding claims for the centrifugal clarification of a liquid/solid mixture with sedimenting and floating solids from the solids.
• the invention also provides a method for centrifugally clarifying a liquid/solid mixture with sedimenting and floating solids from the solids in a separator according to one of the preceding claims, with the following steps:
• the solids can then be examined more closely or disposed of.
• separator according to the invention and the method according to the invention it is possible in particular - but not exclusively - to separate microplastics from water discontinuously in batch or batch operation.
• This technical solution can also be used to clean water and waste water from plastic and/or microplastics.
• microplastics The specific density of the individual polymers present in microplastics are very different. Thus, with a mixture of water (reference approx. 1.0 g/cm 3 for fresh water or 1.02 to 1.03 g/cm 3 for sea water) and microplastics in the gravitational field, a distinction can be made between sedimenting (sinking in water) and floating (floating in water) microplastic particles. Typical density ranges of exemplary types of plastic are listed in the table below:
• the separator according to the invention with which the different polymers can be separated from the water samples, can very well separate both sedimenting (heavier than water) and floating (lighter than water) particles and collect them separately from one another.
• the water samples can be processed in batches, with the separated particles remaining in the centrifuge during the processing of the batch, so that they can be evaluated quantitatively after the end of the processing of the batch.
• the separated amount of microplastics can be determined and compared to the volume of the water sample processed in the respective batch.
• the mixture of solids and liquids can be pre-filtered with a coarse filter before it is fed into the drum 1 in order to remove large solids. This is particularly useful when the means for increasing the equivalent clarification area is a disk pack.
• FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a schematically illustrated first drum according to the invention with a hood
• FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of a schematically illustrated second drum according to the invention with a hood
• FIG. 3 shows the separator from FIG. 1a in a sectional view, supplemented by a solids outlet
• FIGS. 1 and 3 shows the separator from FIGS. 1 and 3 in a side view.
• rotatable drum 1 shows a rotatable drum 1, which has a solid casing and preferably a vertically aligned axis of rotation D, which lies on a radius R0.
• This drum 1 is designed to clarify a liquid-Zsolids mixture of solids, which contains at least one free-flowing phase of a first density QL and at least solids with two different density classes QSI and gSh.
• the solids can essentially be polymer particles (rubber, plastic, polymers) of different densities QSI and gSh. The following applies: QSI ⁇ QL ⁇ gSh.
• the lighter solid phase Sl and the heavier solid phase Sh can in turn be composed of solids of different densities, which have in common that they are each lighter or heavier than the liquid phase.
• the liquid is clarified in a centrifugal field from the two solid phases of different density classes QSI and gSh in a batch operation - ie in batches.
• the liquid phase is continuously conducted completely out of the drum until the end of the processing of the respective batch.
• the solid phases of different densities are essentially collected on different radii in two different solids collecting areas 20 and 21 within the drum 1 and remain in these areas of the drum 1 during the processing of the respective batch. During centrifugal processing, no solids can be discharged from the drum with this drum design.
• the light solid phase S1 essentially has floating solids since this phase is lighter than the liquid phase.
• the heavier solid phase Sh contains sedimenting solids that are heavier than the liquid phase, with the floating solid phase S1 and the sedimenting solid phase Sh in turn being composed of solids of different densities.
• the liquid phase can be water, in particular the water of a body of water to be examined or cleaned. In addition to near-natural bodies of water such as rivers, lakes or seas, it can also be liquids from washing machines, PET recycling plants, car washes or other waste water.
• the drum 1 is opened and the solids are removed from the drum 1 and further examined or, if necessary, disposed of.
• drum 1 of Figure 1 is designed as follows:
• the drum 1 has a vertically aligned axis of rotation D on the radius R0.
• the rotatable drum 1 is placed on a rotary spindle 2 which is driven by a drive motor, for example directly or via a belt.
• the rotary spindle 2 is rotatably mounted accordingly.
• the rotary spindle 2 can be designed conically in its upper and/or lower peripheral area. It also preferably has a central cylindrical section.
• the drum 1 may be surrounded by a stationary hood 3 which does not rotate with the drum.
• the advantageously double-conical drum 1 has a product inlet pipe 4 for a product P to be centrifuged, to which a distributor 5 connects, which is provided with at least one or more entry openings 6, through which incoming centrifuged material enters the interior of the drum 1 into the separation space 7 is directed.
• the feed can be carried out axially from above or axially from below into the drum 1.
• a device for increasing the equivalent clarification area is preferably provided in the drum 1 . This can be realized in different ways.
• the device for enlarging the equivalent clarification area is realized by a plate stack 8 made up of preferably conical separating plates 81.
• the separating plates 81 extend up to a radius R8.
• the ribs 801 extend to a radius R800.
• the product feed pipe 4 is guided here vertically into the drum 1 from above.
• a supply line through the spindle, e.g. from below, is also conceivable (not shown).
• the design is chosen such that the outlet openings 6 are located below a riser channel 82 in the disk pack 8 made of conically shaped separating disks 81 .
• the centrifugal forces separate the liquid-solid mixture into a liquid phase L of medium density and a solid phase Sl made up of relatively lighter, floating solids and a solid phase Sh made up of relatively heavy sedimenting solids.
• a device for draining this liquid phase out of the drum is provided on a central radius in the separating space.
• This facility can be implemented in various ways.
• the device for draining off the liquid phase comprises a separating plate 9, the outer diameter of which is dimensioned such that it protrudes approximately radially centrally into the separating space 7.
• one or more small tubes with an inlet could protrude approximately radially in the middle into the separating space 7 and guide the liquid phase radially out of the drum, similar to a nozzle separator, in order to discharge this phase.
• this variant would have a disadvantageously high energy consumption.
• the plate pack 8 is closed at the top by the conical separating plate 9, which here has a (slightly) larger diameter than the plate pack 8.
• the liquid phase with the medium density QL is conducted via the separating plate 9 into a discharge chamber 10 which is provided with the impeller 11 .
• the impeller 11 directs the liquid phase L from the rotating system into a drain pipe 12 outside the drum.
• part of the kinetic energy of the liquid can be converted into pump energy (centripetal pump) with the help of the impeller.
• Stable operating behavior in the separating chamber can also be achieved by setting a constant back pressure at the outlet of the impeller.
• the drum 1 therefore has no solids discharges with which the respective solids phase could be discharged during the centrifugal processing of the charge. This discharge takes place only after the drum 1 has stopped and after the drum 1 has opened.
• Step 100 A mixture of liquids and solids with sedimenting and floating solids can thus be centrifugally processed as follows in order to clear the liquid of solids: Step 100:
• the separator and the preparation (preferably a charge or a batch) of the liquid/solid mixture are made available.
• the drum 1 is rotated and charged with the liquid/solid mixture. This is passed through/via the feed pipe 4 and the distributor 5 into the separating space 7 .
• a centrifugal separation takes place within the separation chamber 7 between the medium-heavy liquid phase L and the lighter solid phase S1 with the floating solids and the heavier solid phase Sh with the sedimenting solids.
• the liquid phase L is clarified from the solid phases S1 and Sh.
• the lightest substances - in this case the floating solids Sl - are forced in the centrifugal field through the medium-heavy liquid phase L into the center of the separation chamber 7. There is no outlet for them, so that these light solids collect in at least one first solids collection area 20 - in the center of the separation space 7 - e.g. around a central shaft 18.
• the heavy sedimenting solids Sh flow outwards in the centrifugal field. There is no outlet for them either, so they are pressed in the area of the largest diameter in at least one second solids collecting area 21 against the inner wall of the drum 1 (here a section of which is cylindrical on the inside) and remain there.
• the liquid phase L preferably water from a body of water—is passed through the device for discharging the liquid phase from the drum 1 .
• the drum 1 can be opened and the solids accumulated in the drum 1, which have also been separated into at least two different density classes in the drum 1, can be removed from the opened drum 1. It can then be further examined or disposed of, for example.
• a batch can be operated as long as the solids collection areas 20, 21 of the drum allow, i.e. they are not yet full.
• a check can e.g. be carried out by means of a sensor (not shown) at the outlet of the liquid phase. As soon as the sensor detects that a maximum permissible amount of solids in the liquid phase has been exceeded, this means that one or both solids collection areas are full and cannot absorb any more solids. Then the processing of the batch is to be terminated.
• the drum 1 is stopped and opened. Then the solids Sl, Sh can be removed from it.
• the drum can be unscrewed into an upper part 14 and a lower part 15 at a separation point 13, preferably in the area of the bottom of the drum 1, so that the separated particles - i.e. the two solid phases Sl, Sh together - if necessary with an in the residual liquid remaining in the drum 1 can flow out of the drum (see Fig. 3).
• This flowing solid/liquid mixture is drained off via a drain 16 below the drum, and according to FIG. 4 it is drained into a container 17 and collected there.
• the disk pack 8 is replaced by the preferably star-shaped rib insert 800 with circumferentially distributed, preferably radially aligned ribs 801.
• this design has a lower equivalent clarification area compared to the plate pack 8, it is more advantageously suitable for also accommodating solid particles of irregular size. In particular, the risk of clogging, which may occur in the plate pack, is further reduced and pre-filtering can be avoided .
• the particles remaining in the drum 1 or on the blade insert or in the disk pack can then be emptied manually into the container 17. Then, for example, the quantity of separated particles can be determined and compared with the volume of liquid (water, waste water, etc.) that was passed through the separator for this batch. Both the number of particles and the total weight of the separated particles can be evaluated as "quantity". In this way, both the number of particles/litre and the weight of particles/litre can be determined as the value to be determined.
• the particle value is the sum of floating and sedimenting particles.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
• Physical Water Treatments (AREA)

Priority Applications (7)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=84800047

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Citations (5)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 2021
  • 2021-12-15 DE DE102021133336.9A patent/DE102021133336A1/de active Pending
• 2022
  • 2022-12-08 WO PCT/EP2022/085075 patent/WO2023110644A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2022-12-08 EP EP22835602.8A patent/EP4448183A1/de active Pending
  • 2022-12-08 US US18/720,175 patent/US20250041877A1/en active Pending
  • 2022-12-08 JP JP2024536064A patent/JP2024544305A/ja active Pending
  • 2022-12-08 MX MX2024006927A patent/MX2024006927A/es unknown
  • 2022-12-08 AU AU2022415346A patent/AU2022415346A1/en active Pending
  • 2022-12-08 KR KR1020247016940A patent/KR20240122752A/ko active Pending
  • 2022-12-08 CN CN202280082807.7A patent/CN118414211A/zh active Pending

Patent Citations (5)

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