WO2023110375A1 - Schmelzaggregat zur stahlerzeugung mit einem abstichgewicht zwischen 60 t und 350 t - Google Patents
Schmelzaggregat zur stahlerzeugung mit einem abstichgewicht zwischen 60 t und 350 t Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023110375A1 WO2023110375A1 PCT/EP2022/083424 EP2022083424W WO2023110375A1 WO 2023110375 A1 WO2023110375 A1 WO 2023110375A1 EP 2022083424 W EP2022083424 W EP 2022083424W WO 2023110375 A1 WO2023110375 A1 WO 2023110375A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- top lance
- side wall
- process gas
- lance
- furnace
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 etc.) Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/5252—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an electrically heated multi-chamber furnace, a combination of electric furnaces or an electric furnace arranged for associated working with a non electric furnace
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/35—Blowing from above and through the bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
- C21C5/4606—Lances or injectors
- C21C5/462—Means for handling, e.g. adjusting, changing, coupling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
- C21C5/5217—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace equipped with burners or devices for injecting gas, i.e. oxygen, or pulverulent materials into the furnace
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/02—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces of single-chamber fixed-hearth type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/08—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces heated electrically, with or without any other source of heat
- F27B3/085—Arc furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
- F27B3/16—Walls; Roofs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/20—Arrangements of heating devices
- F27B3/205—Burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/22—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/28—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or the like devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
- F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
- F27B3/16—Walls; Roofs
- F27B2003/165—Roofs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
- F27D2003/168—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge through a lance
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
- F27D2003/168—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge through a lance
- F27D2003/169—Construction of the lance, e.g. lances for injecting particles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0028—Regulation
- F27D2019/0034—Regulation through control of a heating quantity such as fuel, oxidant or intensity of current
- F27D2019/004—Fuel quantity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
- F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
- F27D2099/004—Heating elements or systems using burners directed upon the charge, e.g. vertically
Definitions
- the invention relates to a melting unit for steel production with a tapping weight between 60 t and 350 t and a method for operating the same.
- Steel is usually produced from raw materials such as pig iron by removing the excess carbon, adding alloys and refining the melt (metallurgical work).
- the molten pig iron is filled into a converter and then oxygen is blown onto or into the melt using a top lance and/or bottom or side wall nozzles (refining of the melt).
- DRI iron can also be melted down in an electric arc furnace and this feedstock used as molten pig iron. The melt is then adjusted to the desired final alloy with alloying materials.
- DRI iron is increasingly being melted down and refined in a melting unit.
- a smelting unit that can perform both smelting and metallurgical work is known, for example, from publication EP 0 717 115 A1.
- electrical energy can be introduced into one of the vessels by means of the graphite electrodes, or an operating state with chemical energy or refining can be switched to by changing the cover.
- the smelting unit is thus able to produce a metallic melt starting from solid input materials, while changing the energy sources required for this and performing metallurgical work.
- oxygen is blown onto the surface of the molten bath or onto the hot charge materials using a blowing lance guided through the cover.
- the oxygen reacts with the liquid melt or the raw materials and releases energy in the process.
- the oxygen is usually blown in at high pressure or volume flow in order to achieve thorough mixing of the reactants.
- the disadvantage of the above-mentioned procedures is that steel and/or slag is spattered in the melting unit (splashing) due to the high volume flows and the associated impulse of the gas jet when blowing in.
- the process gas blown in through the side wall injector hits the surface of the molten bath at a certain angle and causes an elliptically shaped, oscillating blow mould.
- the size and depth of the blow mold depend on the distance between the side wall injector and the surface of the melt pool, the angle of inclination of the side wall injector and the amount of process gas or process gas volume flow.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a smelting unit and a method for operating the smelting unit, which uses chemical and electrical energy to produce a metallic melt from solid charge materials and performs metallurgical work without splashing and slagging occurring.
- the object of the invention is achieved by a melting unit with the features of claim 1 and a method with the features of claim 13.
- the melting unit has a top lance for blowing in a process gas and/or solid, it being possible for the top lance to be brought into a working position through an opening in the first cover.
- the top lance can be rotated around the axis of the top lance on the one hand and around a vertical axis on the other.
- the top lance can be pivoted about a horizontal axis.
- the operation of the melting unit includes both the treatment of a melt located in the melting unit and the sequence of several melts one after the other.
- the vertical pivot axis is parallel to the axis of rotation of the top lance and allows the top lance to move in a circular arc segment about the vertical axis.
- the horizontal axis lies in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the top lance. Pivoting the top lance around this axis makes it possible to set different angles of the top lance in relation to the melt pool surface.
- a large number of side wall injectors are arranged radially circumferentially in the upper furnace for blowing in a process gas and/or solid material, the side wall injectors being pivotable horizontally and/or vertically by up to ⁇ 5°.
- Process gases within the meaning of the invention are gases that react with the input materials, the melt and/or the furnace atmosphere.
- process gases in the sense of the invention can be oxygen, nitrogen, C x Hy (eg methane, ethane, etc.), hydrogen or inert gases.
- Solids within the meaning of the invention are alloying materials, slag-forming materials and/or solid energy carriers. For example, fine-grained coal, lime, chrome ore or the like can be used as solids.
- the first working position of the top lance is defined by the fact that a gas jet emerging from the top lance at this position penetrates into the furnace chamber and interacts with the furnace atmosphere or the melt.
- the movement and/or rotation about one or more axes of the top lance is carried out by means of one or more drives, which are preferably connected to the furnace control. These can be electric, pneumatic or hydraulic drives.
- the tip of the top lance is the area of the top lance closest to the melt surface. It is not necessary for an outlet opening for the gas jet to also be arranged at this point.
- Known designs for top lances typically have between 3 and 7 Laval nozzles, with the individual Laval nozzle itself being inclined at between 7° and 25° with respect to the axis of the top lance.
- Multi-hole top lances are also known, for example, from publication DE 20 2007009 161 U1.
- Sidewall injectors allow a jet of gas and/or a solid to enter the furnace chamber. In the sense of the invention, these can also be gas mixtures or solid/gas mixtures. The above definitions apply to the possible gases or solids.
- the ability to pivot the side wall injectors by up to ⁇ 5° is based on a central installation position of the respective individual injector. As a result, the orientation of the side wall injector and thus the blow mold it creates in the melt pool surface can be adapted to a small extent to different operating states and filling levels in the melting unit.
- a possible design of a side wall injector as a burner is disclosed by publication DE 603 05321 T2.
- Such a melting unit in connection with the operating method according to the invention minimizes the shearing forces of the gas jets acting on the surface of the melt and thereby reduces the number of steel and/or slag droplets produced inside the furnace, on the furnace cover and in the furnace elbow.
- the possibility of using the gases and/or solids to carry out metallurgical work or to introduce chemical energy into the melting unit is retained.
- a gas jet directed obliquely from above onto the edge region of the blast trough induced by the side wall injector reduces the oscillation width of the blast trough of the side wall injector and disrupts or prevents and ultimately reduces the tearing of the metal droplets at the edge of the side wall injector's blow cavity.
- the top lance is preferably designed as a multi-hole top lance and has more than 2 outlet openings, preferably more than 5 outlet openings, for a process gas and/or a solid.
- An increased number of outlet openings in the top lance makes it possible to influence a larger area of the molten bath surface.
- the number, size and shape of the outlet openings and the inclination of the outlet openings are adapted to the side wall injectors.
- Outlet openings can be designed, for example, as simple openings in the surface of the top lance.
- a nozzle shape is preferred for the design of an outlet opening.
- a Laval nozzle or a Venturi nozzle is preferred for a nozzle shape.
- the top lance can preferably be rotated through an angle of at least +/- 15°, more preferably at least +/- 30°, even more preferably +/- 45° around the axis of the top lance.
- the axis of the top lance is defined by the tip of the top lance and the point at which the top lance penetrates the furnace lid.
- the top lance can be rotated around the vertical axis by an angle of at least +/- 15°, preferably at least +/- 30°, more preferably +/- 45°.
- the vertical axis is an axis parallel to or coincident with the axis of the top lance. This allows the top lance to be swung in or out of the melting unit. To a small extent, limited by the opening in the furnace lid, such a pivoting movement can be used to adjust the position of the point of impact of the gas jet with respect to the blast troughs induced by the side wall injectors.
- the top lance can preferably be pivoted about the horizontal axis by an angle of at least +/-10°, more preferably at least +/-20°, even more preferably +/-30°.
- Horizontal axes are axes that lie in a horizontal plane. A rotation of the top lance about such an axis increases the movement space of the tip of the top lance in the melting unit. A particularly large area of movement for the tip is created when the horizontal axes of rotation are in the area of the lid opening.
- the top lance preferably has at least one supersonic nozzle.
- Supersonic nozzles make it possible to apply a high momentum of the gas jet to the surface of the molten bath.
- the volume flow of the process gas flowing through this nozzle can preferably be regulated separately from the volume flows of the other outlet openings. This makes it possible to refresh the melt in a targeted manner and if necessary, but also to reduce or increase the impulse input into the melt.
- the blow molds of one or more side wall injectors can be ideally influenced by a gas jet from the top lance.
- the upper furnace preferably has more than 4, more preferably more than 5, even more preferably more than 6, side wall injectors.
- side wall injectors With an increasing number of sidewall injectors, the resulting blow molds on the surface of the melt can be better distributed and the volume flow through the individual sidewall injector decreases in relation to the total volume flow required for the process.
- At least one side wall injector can preferably be switched between injector operation and burner operation.
- injector operation of the side wall injector a blowing operation for gases and a conveying operation for powdered solids can be carried out through the side wall injector.
- a single side wall injector can also be used at the beginning of the melting process, for example as a gas burner or solid fuel burner.
- the top lance and the side wall injectors can preferably be operated at the same time and in a coordinated manner with volume flows that are coordinated with one another for a respective process gas.
- Operable in a coordinated manner within the meaning of the invention includes a manual, partially manual or automatic adjustment and setting of all volume flows entering the melting unit through the top lance or side wall injector.
- the coordination is preferably carried out by adjusting the pressure and/or the volume flow of the process gas for each individual side wall injector or for side wall injectors connected together and the top lance.
- the gas jets exiting through the respective outlet opening can be operated individually or in groups in a coordinated manner.
- the prevailing pressure and the volume flow for each outlet opening can be adjusted individually or in groups.
- the first furnace cover preferably has a furnace manifold for discharging the exhaust gas produced in the melting unit with an exhaust gas flow rate of VAG 50 m/s at an exhaust gas temperature of TAG 800° C., the furnace manifold having an average diameter of 1.20 m to 3.50 m .
- the furnace elbow is preferably inclined in relation to the vertical in a range of up to ⁇ 30° and preferably has a flow-through length of >2.0 m.
- the object of the invention is achieved by a method having the features of claim 13.
- the steps are carried out: a. Creating an at least partially liquid bath surface b. Injecting a process gas onto the bath surface using the side wall injectors c. lowering the top lance into a first operating position and blowing in a process gas onto the bath surface d. Aligning the top lance by rotating, changing the distance and/or pivoting the top lance to a second operating position, so that
- the at least one core of the blowing trough that can be produced by the top lance lies between two adjacent blowing troughs of the side wall injectors, or
- the at least one core of the blow mold that can be produced by the top lance lies within the area of one of the blow molds of the side wall injectors. e. Setting and tuning the volume flows of the process gases of the side wall injectors and the top lance, so that the total amount or the total volume flow of the required process gas on the Bath surface brought to reduce or avoid splashing.
- the core of an individual blow mold is the deepest point in the melt pool surface caused by the gas jet.
- the shape and size of the blow mold changes over time.
- the volume flows are adjusted in such a way that the surface movement of the melt bath surface and the tearing of melt droplets out of the blow mold as a result of the shearing forces are reduced. This reduces the depth of an individual blow cavity.
- the ratio of the volume flows of the process gas from the top lance VTL to two adjacent side wall injectors Vsi is preferably between and In this Adjustment range can effectively reduce the ripple of the molten pool surface and the splashing.
- the steps of the method are preferably carried out in the order a) to e), steps d) and e) preferably being carried out several times. This sequence of work steps a) to e) allows the necessary top lance position to be set very quickly. By repeatedly adjusting the top lance and coordinating the volume flows, it is possible to react to different operating states of the melting unit.
- the volume flow of the process gas through the side wall injectors (15) is preferably set as a function of the volume flow of the process gas through the top lance (12) and the addition of the volume flows gives the currently required total volume flow.
- the current total volume flow is the one at the process time or process phase Related volume flow that is required for the metallurgical work at this point in time or phase.
- the total volume flow can also be formed by different gases. This ensures, for example, that the melt is not overrefreshed or overheated in relation to the point in time.
- Fig. 2 Injection molds of the side wall injectors and inflation areas of the top lance
- Fig. 4 Schematic overview of the possible movements of the top lance
- FIG. 1 shows a melting unit 1 according to the invention.
- the smelting unit 1 consists of a refractory-lined lower furnace 2 with a tap hole 3, an upper furnace 4 and two different furnace covers 9, 13.
- the vessel bottom 4 of the lower furnace 2 has a "spherical radius" of 10 m, with a melt weight of approx. 90 t sets a melt pool height of approx. 1 m.
- the water-cooled upper furnace 8 is essentially cylindrical and has a height ho of about 4.5 m and a radius ro of about 3 m.
- 6 side wall injectors 15 are arranged around the upper furnace 8 .
- the central orientation of the side wall injectors 15 is set in such a way that six blow molds 26 are formed on a melt pool surface 6 .
- the side wall injectors 15 are inclined by 40° to 50°, preferably by 45°, relative to the horizontal onto the surface 6 of the melt bath.
- the side wall injectors 15 can be inclined by up to 15° in the lateral direction. This induces a counter-clockwise circular movement of the molten pool in the melt 7 .
- Three side wall injectors 15 can be switched from injector operation to burner operation.
- Three further side wall injectors 15 can blow in solids such as coal dust, slag-forming material and/or alloy by means of a conveying gas.
- the cooling of the upper furnace 8 and the refractory lining of the lower furnace 2 are designed with regard to the cooling capacity and the thickness and type of the refractory bricks for both the melting operation and the metallurgical operation.
- the first cover 9 has an exhaust pipe 10 and an opening 11 for inserting a top lance 12 into the melting unit 1 .
- the exhaust pipe 10 is inclined by about 30° to the vertical.
- the diameter is 1.45 m and the length is 2.80 m.
- the second cover 13 has an opening 14 in the center with a cover heart for three electrodes 27 .
- the exhaust pipe 29 has a smaller diameter than the exhaust pipe 10 of the first cover 9.
- a gas station 28 or process gas control 16, not shown here, is connected to the side wall injectors 15 and the top lance 12 and controls the pressure and the volume flow of the process gases.
- the gas station 28 or process gas control 16 itself is integrated into the control of the melting unit 1 in terms of control technology.
- the top lance 12 is attached to another swivel arm. This can be moved relative to the cover by means of a large number of hydraulic drives. In this example, the top lance 12 can be rotated by ⁇ 45° about the top lance 12's own axis 17 .
- the top lance 12 can be pivoted about the horizontal axis 19 by ⁇ 30°, the pivot point being about 0.5 m above the cover opening 11 .
- the top lance 12 In a working position, the top lance 12 can be swiveled about the pivot point of the swivel arm by approx. ⁇ 10°.
- the tip of the top lance 20 can be approached to within 0.5 m of the melt bath surface 6 by the hydraulic drives.
- the swivel arm also makes it possible to remove the top lance 12 completely from the cover or the melting unit 1.
- the top lance 12 itself has seven outlet openings 21 in the area of the tip 20, six of which are attached circumferentially to the outer surface.
- a seventh orifice is positioned at the tip of the lance 20; this is in operation when the top lance is inactive in order to prevent the lance from warping.
- This seventh opening can be designed as a Venturi nozzle or supersonic nozzle 22 .
- the six outer nozzles are jointly controlled by the gas station 28 in terms of pressure and flow rate.
- the central seventh nozzle 22 is adjusted separately.
- FIG. 2 shows the melt bath surface 6 at different points in time during the process.
- a metallic melt 7 has been produced in the melting unit 1 .
- the side wall injectors 15 produce 6 circumferential blow molds 26, which are approximately oval.
- the top lance 12 is brought into the first working position 23 and the pressure and the volume flow of the six circumferential outlet openings 21 are adjusted.
- the top lance 12 is then positioned by lowering, turning and pivoting in such a way that the six blowing troughs 25 of the peripheral outlet openings 21 of the top lance 12 each touch two adjacent blowing troughs 26 of the side wall injectors 15 .
- the volume flow of the Venturi nozzle 22 is then adjusted in such a way that a flat blast trough is formed in the center of the melt bath surface 6 .
- Figure 3 shows the time course of the height of the melt bath surface (fluctuation value) in the edge area of a blow trough 26 of a side wall injector 15 and the time-averaged course of the height of the melt bath surface 6 at the edge of a blow trough 26 of a side wall injector 15.
- area A of the diagram there is a large Movement around the average melt pool height ds of 1 m can be seen. From a deviation of approx. ⁇ 0.10 m upwards and downwards, spatters of slag and/or steel occur, which detach from the surface 6 of the molten bath.
- area B of the diagram a gas jet from the top lance 12 acts on this area. This reduces the fluctuation range of the melt pool height ds by approx. 50%.
- FIG. 4 shows, by way of example, the different swiveling and rotating possibilities of the top lance 12 in relation to the melt bath surface 6 and different axes 17, 18, 19. Possible movements are indicated schematically by the arrows.
- FIG. 5 shows different variants of the positioning of the blow molds relative to one another.
- Figure 1) there are six blow molds of the side wall injectors on the melt bath surface.
- the six blow troughs of the top lance are positioned in such a way that one of the blow troughs of the top lance is in contact with one blow trough of a side wall injector.
- the contact point of the two blow molds is on the side of the blow mold facing away from the side wall injector.
- blowing troughs of the top lance are larger compared to the blowing troughs of the top lance according to Figure 1). Furthermore, the blow molds of the top lance are pushed outwards and cover part of the blow molds of the side wall injectors.
- a change in the positioning of the Blasmulden Top lances from Figure 1) to 2) can be achieved, for example, by increasing the distance between the top lance and the melt pool surface.
- the blow troughs of the top lance are positioned in such a way that one blow trough of the top lance is in contact with two blow troughs of two side wall injectors or partially covers them. Such a positioning can take place, for example, by rotating the top lance about the axis of the top lance from a positioning according to figure 2).
- Figure 4) shows an arrangement of blowing troughs with a three-hole blowing lance. In the case shown, one blowing trough of the top lance covers partial areas of two adjacent blowing troughs of the side wall injectors.
- three side wall injectors are arranged or active in the melting unit. The blow troughs of the six-hole top lance are positioned in such a way that two of the blow troughs touch or cover a blow trough of a side wall injector.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR1020247019764A KR20240112868A (ko) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-11-28 | 60t과 350t 사이의 출탕 중량을 갖는 강재 생산을 위한 제련 장치 |
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DE102021214227.3 | 2021-12-13 | ||
DE102021214227.3A DE102021214227A1 (de) | 2021-12-13 | 2021-12-13 | Schmelzaggregat zur Stahlerzeugung mit einem Abstichgewicht zwischen 60 t und 350 t |
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WO2023110375A1 true WO2023110375A1 (de) | 2023-06-22 |
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PCT/EP2022/083424 WO2023110375A1 (de) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-11-28 | Schmelzaggregat zur stahlerzeugung mit einem abstichgewicht zwischen 60 t und 350 t |
Country Status (3)
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KR (1) | KR20240112868A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102021214227A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2023110375A1 (de) |
Citations (8)
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EP0717115A1 (de) | 1994-12-17 | 1996-06-19 | MAN Gutehoffnungshütte Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines Doppelgefäss-Lichtbogenofens |
DE10115779A1 (de) | 2000-10-18 | 2002-04-25 | Sms Demag Ag | Verfahren zur Erzeugung nichtrostender Stähle, insbesondere chrom- und chromnickelhaltiger Edelstähle |
WO2003106716A1 (de) * | 2002-06-17 | 2003-12-24 | Sms Demag Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und produktionsanlage zum erzeugen von produkten aus c-stahl oder aus rostfrei-stahl |
WO2005098053A2 (de) * | 2004-04-05 | 2005-10-20 | Ispat Industries Ltd. | Verfahren und anlage zum herstellen und erhöhen der jährlichen produktionsmenge von massenstahl oder hochwertigen stahlgüten in einer zwei-gefäss-anlage |
DE60305321T2 (de) | 2002-07-11 | 2007-04-26 | Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche S.P.A., Buttrio | Injektorbrenner für metallurgische schmelzgefässe |
DE202007009161U1 (de) | 2007-06-29 | 2007-08-30 | Saar-Metallwerke Gmbh | Sauerstofflanze zum Einblasen von Sauerstoff in metallurgische Behälter |
WO2013068807A1 (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2013-05-16 | Tenova S.P.A. | Apparatus and method for positioning lances of electric arc furnace, electric arc furnace comprising such apparatus |
EP3762514A1 (de) * | 2018-03-06 | 2021-01-13 | SMS group GmbH | Schmelzaggregat zur stahlerzeugung |
-
2021
- 2021-12-13 DE DE102021214227.3A patent/DE102021214227A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-11-28 KR KR1020247019764A patent/KR20240112868A/ko unknown
- 2022-11-28 WO PCT/EP2022/083424 patent/WO2023110375A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0717115A1 (de) | 1994-12-17 | 1996-06-19 | MAN Gutehoffnungshütte Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines Doppelgefäss-Lichtbogenofens |
DE10115779A1 (de) | 2000-10-18 | 2002-04-25 | Sms Demag Ag | Verfahren zur Erzeugung nichtrostender Stähle, insbesondere chrom- und chromnickelhaltiger Edelstähle |
WO2003106716A1 (de) * | 2002-06-17 | 2003-12-24 | Sms Demag Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und produktionsanlage zum erzeugen von produkten aus c-stahl oder aus rostfrei-stahl |
DE60305321T2 (de) | 2002-07-11 | 2007-04-26 | Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche S.P.A., Buttrio | Injektorbrenner für metallurgische schmelzgefässe |
WO2005098053A2 (de) * | 2004-04-05 | 2005-10-20 | Ispat Industries Ltd. | Verfahren und anlage zum herstellen und erhöhen der jährlichen produktionsmenge von massenstahl oder hochwertigen stahlgüten in einer zwei-gefäss-anlage |
DE202007009161U1 (de) | 2007-06-29 | 2007-08-30 | Saar-Metallwerke Gmbh | Sauerstofflanze zum Einblasen von Sauerstoff in metallurgische Behälter |
WO2013068807A1 (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2013-05-16 | Tenova S.P.A. | Apparatus and method for positioning lances of electric arc furnace, electric arc furnace comprising such apparatus |
EP3762514A1 (de) * | 2018-03-06 | 2021-01-13 | SMS group GmbH | Schmelzaggregat zur stahlerzeugung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20240112868A (ko) | 2024-07-19 |
DE102021214227A1 (de) | 2023-06-15 |
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