WO2023095658A1 - 発光装置及び電子機器 - Google Patents
発光装置及び電子機器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023095658A1 WO2023095658A1 PCT/JP2022/042213 JP2022042213W WO2023095658A1 WO 2023095658 A1 WO2023095658 A1 WO 2023095658A1 JP 2022042213 W JP2022042213 W JP 2022042213W WO 2023095658 A1 WO2023095658 A1 WO 2023095658A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light
- light emitting
- protective film
- emitting device
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/87—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K59/873—Encapsulations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
- G09F9/302—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements characterised by the form or geometrical disposition of the individual elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K50/844—Encapsulations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K50/858—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
- H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
- H10K59/122—Pixel-defining structures or layers, e.g. banks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
- H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
- H10K59/131—Interconnections, e.g. wiring lines or terminals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
- H10K59/35—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
- H10K59/35—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels
- H10K59/353—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels characterised by the geometrical arrangement of the RGB subpixels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
- H10K59/38—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising colour filters or colour changing media [CCM]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/875—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K59/879—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to light-emitting devices and electronic devices.
- the light emitting devices there is a top emission type light emitting device in which white light emitted from the light emitting layer of the light emitting element located on the lower side is extracted to the outside through the color filter located on the upper side.
- white light emitted from the light emitting layer of the light emitting element located on the lower side is extracted to the outside through the color filter located on the upper side.
- the top emission method light can be efficiently extracted, low power consumption, and long life can be realized.
- the present disclosure proposes a light-emitting device and an electronic device that can further improve the light extraction efficiency.
- a plurality of light emitting elements arranged in a matrix on a semiconductor substrate are provided, and each of the light emitting elements provided so as to be covered with a first protective film includes the first electrode, the first a light-emitting layer provided on an electrode of the light-emitting layer, a second electrode provided on the light-emitting layer, and a stack of a second protective film provided on the second electrode; and the first protection a sidewall formed of a film-forming material and a material having a different refractive index and covering at least a part of a side surface of the stack, the sidewall extending from top to bottom in the stacking direction along the second
- a light-emitting device is provided that extends from a position above the top surface of the electrode to a position below the top surface of the light-emitting layer.
- an electronic device mounted with one or more light emitting devices, the light emitting device including a plurality of light emitting elements arranged in a matrix on a semiconductor substrate,
- Each of the light-emitting elements provided so as to be covered with a film includes a first electrode, a light-emitting layer provided on the first electrode, a second electrode provided on the light-emitting layer, and the second electrode. and a side wall made of a material having a refractive index different from that of the material forming the first protective film and covering at least a part of the side surface of the stacked layer. wherein the sidewall extends from a position above the upper surface of the second electrode to a position below the upper surface of the light emitting layer along the stacking direction from top to bottom.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a planar structure of a light emitting device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of an example of the drive circuit section 40 of the light emitting device 10 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the background of the first embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an overview of a cross-sectional structure of a light emitting element 300 according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure
- 1 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an overview of a cross-sectional structure of a light emitting device 10 according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram (part 1) for explaining the details of the structure of the light emitting element 300 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram (part 2) for explaining the details of the structure of the light emitting element 300 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a light emitting element 300 according to a modification of the first embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an example of a planar arrangement of light emitting elements 300 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram (Part 1) for explaining the method for manufacturing the light emitting device 300 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram (part 2) for explaining the manufacturing method of the light emitting device 300 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method for manufacturing the light emitting element 300 according to the modified example of the first embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing optical simulation results of the first embodiment of the present disclosure and a comparative example
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the cross-sectional structure of the light emitting device 10 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram (part 1) for explaining the cross-sectional structure of the light emitting device 10 according to the modification of the second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram (part 2) for explaining the cross-sectional structure of the light-emitting device 10 according to the modification of the second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram (part 3) for explaining the cross-sectional structure of the light emitting device 10 according to the modified example of the second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram (part 1) for explaining an example of the planar arrangement of the light emitting elements 300 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram (Part 2) for explaining an example of a planar arrangement of the light emitting elements 300 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram (Part 1) for explaining the method for manufacturing the light emitting device 300 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram (part 2) for explaining the method for manufacturing the light emitting device 300 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram (part 3) for explaining the method for manufacturing the light emitting device 300 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram (part 4) for explaining the method for manufacturing the light emitting device 300 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram (No. 5) for explaining the method for manufacturing the light emitting device 300 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram (No. 5) for explaining the method for manufacturing the light emitting device 300 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram (No. 5) for explaining the method for manufacturing the light emitting device 300 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a model of optical simulation; It is a figure which shows the result of an optical simulation.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the tendency of emission intensity with respect to the height of sidewall 310.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the tendency of emission intensity with respect to the width of sidewall 310.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the tendency of emission intensity with respect to the taper angle of sidewall 310.
- FIG. 1 is an external view showing an example of an electronic device to which a light emitting device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied; FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 4 is an external view showing another example of electronic equipment to which the light emitting device 10 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied;
- FIG. 4 is an external view showing still another example of an electronic device to which the light emitting device 10 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied;
- FIG. 4 is an external view showing still another example of an electronic device to which the light emitting device 10 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied;
- the drawings referred to in the following description are drawings for explaining the embodiments of the present disclosure and promoting understanding thereof, and for the sake of clarity, the shapes, dimensions, ratios, etc. shown in the drawings are actual. may differ.
- the light-emitting device and the constituent elements included in the light-emitting device shown in the drawings can be appropriately changed in design in consideration of the following description and known techniques.
- the vertical direction of the laminated structure of the light-emitting device is the relative direction when the light-emitting device is arranged so that the light emitted by the light-emitting device is directed from the bottom to the top. corresponds to
- shapes expressed in the following description not only refer to geometrically defined shapes, but also include differences (errors and distortions) that are permissible in the operation of the light emitting device and the manufacturing process of the light emitting device.
- a shape is also meant to be included as a shape similar to the shape in question.
- electrically connected refers to a connection in which electricity (signal) is conducted between a plurality of elements. means that in addition, "electrically connected” in the following description includes not only the case of directly and electrically connecting a plurality of elements, but also the case of indirectly and electrically connecting a plurality of elements through other elements. It also includes the case of connecting to
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a planar structure of a light emitting device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- an organic EL device will be described as an example of the light emitting device 10 of this embodiment.
- the light-emitting device 10 is configured by stacking a semiconductor substrate 100 and a semiconductor substrate 200 and bonding the semiconductor substrates 100 and 200 to each other.
- the semiconductor substrates 100 and 200 may be, for example, single-crystal Si (silicon) substrates or other semiconductor substrates such as SiC (silicon carbide) substrates.
- 1 shows a plan view of the light-emitting device 10 viewed from above (above the light-emitting portion 20), in other words, the semiconductor substrate 200 positioned above the stack is viewed from above. Plan view is shown.
- the semiconductor substrate 200 is mainly provided with the light emitting section 20, the peripheral circuit section 30, and the pads 50.
- the semiconductor substrate 100 may be provided with part of a drive circuit section including a pixel transistor group including a plurality of pixel transistors for driving the light emitting section 20 . Details of each block provided on the semiconductor substrate 200 of the light emitting device 10 according to this embodiment will be described below.
- the light emitting section 20 has a plurality of light emitting elements 300 (see FIG. 2) arranged in a matrix along the horizontal direction and vertical direction (row direction and column direction).
- the light-emitting element 300 can be, for example, an organic EL (Electronic Luminescent) element (OLED) whose emission luminance changes according to the amount of current supplied. More specifically, each light-emitting element 300 has a well-known configuration and structure including an anode electrode 302, a light-emitting layer 304, a cathode electrode 306 (see FIG. 4), and the like.
- the light emitting layer has a structure in which, for example, a hole transport layer (not shown), an organic light emitting layer (not shown), and an electron transport layer (not shown) are laminated.
- a drive circuit block (pixel transistor group) may be provided for each light emitting element 300 or for driving a plurality of light emitting elements 300 .
- One or a plurality of drive circuit blocks constitute a drive circuit section 40 (see FIG. 2), which will be described later.
- the light-emitting device 10 may be configured to perform monochrome display or may be configured to perform color display.
- the plurality of light emitting elements 300 may have color filters 360 of different colors (see FIG. 4), or may emit light of different colors. It may have a layer 304 (see FIG. 4).
- the peripheral circuit section 30 is a circuit section located around the light emitting section 20 and supplying a signal voltage or a power supply voltage to the drive circuit section 40 described above.
- the peripheral circuit section 30 includes, for example, a horizontal scanning circuit (not shown), a vertical scanning circuit (not shown), a gamma voltage generation circuit (not shown), a timing controller (not shown), a D/A ( Digital/Analog) converter (not shown), amplifier (not shown), interface (not shown), memory (not shown), etc. can be included.
- the peripheral circuit section 30 may have a test circuit (not shown).
- the horizontal scanning circuit corresponds to the scanning circuit 33 and the emission control transistor control circuit 34
- the vertical scanning circuit corresponds to the image signal output circuit 35 (see FIG. 2).
- the pad 50 electrically connects a power supply circuit to the cathode electrode 306 (see FIG. 4) of the light emitting element 300 of the light emitting section 20, and electrically connects the power supply circuit to various transistors in order to apply voltage to the various transistors. It is a pad for connecting.
- the pad 50 is made of, for example, a conductive material such as a metal film. Note that the pads 50 may be provided between the light emitting elements 300 within the light emitting section 20 .
- planar configuration example of the light emitting device 10 according to the present embodiment is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 1, and may include, for example, other circuit units.
- FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of an example of the drive circuit section 40 of the light emitting device 10 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 4 shows a drive circuit block (pixel transistor group) provided for each pixel.
- a 4Tr-2C type circuit configuration having four transistors and two capacitors will be described as an example of the drive circuit block of the drive circuit unit 40, but the present embodiment is limited to this.
- a 3Tr-2C type circuit configuration having three transistors and two capacitors
- a 4Tr-1C type circuit configuration having four transistors and one capacitor
- three transistors and one capacitor A 3Tr-1C type circuit configuration or the like can be applied.
- the drive circuit section 40 is a circuit section that drives the light emitting element 300 of the light emitting section 20, and is composed of one or a plurality of drive circuit blocks shown in FIG.
- the driving circuit section 40 includes four transistors (pixel transistors) (a driving transistor TR Drv , an image signal writing transistor TR Sig , a first emission control transistor TR EL_C1 and a second emission control transistor TR EL_C2 ). , two capacitors (first capacitor C1, second capacitor C2), various signal lines (scanning line SCL, data line DTL, first current supply line CSL 1 , second current supply line CSL 2 , first light emission a control line CL EL_C1 and a second emission control line CL EL_C2 ).
- the drive circuit section 40 includes a transistor group (pixel transistor group) including the above-described four transistors and two capacitors provided so as to correspond to each of the plurality of light emitting elements 300 constituting the light emitting section 20 .
- the driving transistor TR Drv is a transistor that drives the light emitting element 300 by controlling the current flowing through the light emitting section 20 .
- the drive transistor TR Drv includes one source/drain connected to the anode of the light emitting unit 20, the other source/drain connected to one source/drain of the first emission control transistor TR EL_C1 , and an image signal write transistor. It has a gate connected to one source/drain of TR sig and one electrode of the first capacitive part C1.
- the image signal write transistor TR Sig is a transistor that switches a signal voltage (row selection signal) and selects a row according to the signal voltage.
- the image signal write transistor TR Sig has the other source/drain connected to the image signal output circuit 35 via the data line DTL, and the gate connected to the scanning circuit 33 via the scanning line SCL.
- the first light emission control transistor TR EL_C1 is a transistor that switches a power supply voltage (column selection signal) and performs column selection according to the power supply voltage.
- the first emission control transistor TR EL_C1 has the other source/drain connected to the first current supply unit 36 through the first current supply line CSL1 , and the emission control transistor control transistor through the first emission control line CL EL_C1 . and a gate connected to circuit 34 .
- a drive voltage Vcc is applied from the first current supply section 36 to the other source/drain region of the first light emission control transistor TR EL_C1 .
- the second light emission control transistor TR EL_C2 is a transistor that resets the voltage (anode voltage) applied to the light emitting section 20 .
- the second light emission control transistor TR EL_C2 has one source/drain connected to the anode of the light emitting unit 20, the other source/drain connected to the reset voltage line Vss , and the second light emission control line CL EL_C2 . and a gate connected to the light emission control transistor control circuit 34 .
- the first capacitive section C1 and the second capacitive section C2 are connected in series with each other.
- One electrode of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the gate of the driving transistor TR Drv and one source/drain of the image signal writing transistor TR Sig .
- the other electrode of the first capacitor C1 and one electrode of the second capacitor C2 are connected to the other source/drain of the drive transistor TR Drv and one source/drain of the first emission control transistor TR EL_C1 .
- the other electrode of the second capacitance section C2 is connected to the second current supply section 37 via the second current supply line CSL2 .
- a driving voltage Vcc is applied from the second current supply section 37 to the other electrode of the second capacitance section C2.
- the light-emitting element 300 has a configuration and structure according to embodiments of the present disclosure, which are described later, including an anode electrode 302, a light-emitting layer 304, a cathode electrode 306 (see FIG. 4), and the like.
- the anode electrode 302 is connected to one source/drain of the driving transistor TR Drv and one source/drain of the second emission control transistor TR EL_C2 .
- the cathode electrode 306 is connected to the power supply line Vcath .
- the driving transistor TR Drv , the image signal writing transistor TR Sig , the first emission control transistor TR EL_C1 and the second emission control transistor TR EL_C2 are, for example, p-channel MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor ) and formed in an n-type well formed in a p-type silicon semiconductor substrate.
- MOSFETs Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
- circuit configuration example of the drive circuit section 40 according to the present embodiment is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 2, as described above.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the background of the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 3 shows a top-emission light-emitting device 10 in which white light from the light-emitting layer 304 of the light-emitting element 300 located on the lower side is extracted to the outside through the color filter 360 located on the upper side.
- the top emission method light can be efficiently extracted, low power consumption, and long life can be realized.
- the structure shown in FIG. 3 by condensing light with a lens (on-chip lens) 370 provided on the color filter 360, the light extraction efficiency is further improved.
- part of the light emitted from one light-emitting layer 304 was located directly above the light-emitting layer 304. It has been found that the light passes through the adjacent color filter 360 instead of the adjacent color filter 360 and is condensed onto the lens 370 positioned directly above it. In such a case, since the light cannot be collected by the desired lens 370, there is a limit to the improvement of the light extraction efficiency of the light emitting device 10, and problems such as color mixture occur. In particular, when the light-emitting element 300 is miniaturized, there is concern that the above-described phenomenon will remarkably appear.
- the present inventors came to create the first embodiment of the present disclosure, which further improves the light extraction efficiency. Details of the first embodiment of the present disclosure created by the present inventors will be described below.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the outline of the cross-sectional structure of the light emitting element 300 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the outline of the cross-sectional structure of the light-emitting device 10 according to the present embodiment. corresponds to a cross-sectional view of the case.
- the light-emitting device 300 includes an anode electrode (first electrode) 302, a light-emitting layer 304, and a cathode electrode (second electrode) 306 provided on a semiconductor substrate 200. , a protective film (second protective film) 308 , and sidewalls 310 .
- first electrode anode electrode
- second electrode cathode electrode
- sidewalls 310 sidewalls
- anode electrode 302 is provided on the semiconductor substrate 200 .
- the anode electrode 302 can be a single layer film made of either metal or metal oxide, or a laminated film made of multiple materials selected from these.
- metals include chromium (Cr), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), Aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), etc., or alloys thereof (e.g., AlCu, etc.), alloys with these carbides (e.g., aluminum and carbon - ACX, which is an alloy with magnesium, etc.) can be included.
- Metal oxides can include, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), and the like.
- the light-emitting layer 304 is provided on the anode electrode 302 described above and sandwiched between the anode electrode 302 and a cathode electrode 306 described later. Electrons and holes injected by these electrodes recombine in the light-emitting layer 304. can emit light. Furthermore, the light emitting layer 304 has a structure in which, for example, a hole transport layer (not shown), an organic light emitting layer (not shown), and an electron transport layer (not shown) are laminated.
- the light-emitting layer 304 is made of an organic material, and can emit any one of white light, blue light, green light, and red light by appropriately selecting the material and layered structure.
- the cathode electrode 306 is made of a conductive material that transmits light and is provided on the light emitting layer 304 .
- the cathode electrode 306 can be a single layer film made of either metal or metal oxide, or a laminated film made of multiple materials selected from these.
- the metal includes, for example, at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), calcium (Ca), and sodium (Na).
- Metal oxides can include, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), and the like.
- the protective film 308 is a light-transmitting film that protects the anode electrode 302 , the light-emitting layer 304 and the cathode electrode 306 .
- the shape of the protective film 308 provided on the cathode electrode 306 has, for example, a substantially semicircular cross section with an arc upward, as shown in FIG.
- the protective film 308 is preferably a single-layer film or laminated film formed of an inorganic material with low hygroscopicity that transmits light.
- the protective film 308 may be silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) (refractive index of 1.5 or less), silicon nitride (SiN) (refractive index of 2 or less), silicon oxynitride (SiON) (refractive index of 1.7 or less), oxide It preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium (TiO 2 ) (refractive index of 2.5 or less) and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) (refractive index of 1.6 or less).
- the protective film 308 is made of silicon nitride (SiN) having a height or film thickness of approximately 0.5 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- the side wall 310 is provided so as to cover at least a part of the side surfaces of the laminated layer composed of the anode electrode 302 , the light emitting layer 304 , the cathode electrode 306 and the protective film 308 . Further, the side wall 310 is made of a material that transmits light and has a refractive index different from that of a protective film (first protective film) 350 (see FIG. 5), which will be described later. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 4, the sidewall 310 is preferably formed to have a lens-shaped (approximately semicircular) cross-section protruding toward the outside of the stack.
- the sidewalls 310 can function like lenses to guide the light emitted from the light emitting layer 304 in a desired direction.
- the interface between the side wall 310 and the protective film 350 is defined as the lens portion of the side wall 310 in the arc portion.
- the lens portion of the side wall 310 means the range of the side wall 310 indicated by the arc arrow in FIG.
- the lens portion of the side wall 310 extends from a position above the upper surface of the cathode electrode 306 along the lamination direction of the lamination. It is provided so as to extend to a position below the top surface of 304 . Specifically, the end of the lens portion (the position indicated by the dashed line in FIG. 4) is positioned below the upper surface of the light emitting layer 304 . In other words, the sidewall 310 is provided so as to cover the entire end surface of the cathode electrode 306 and part of the end surface of the light emitting layer 304 .
- the lens portion of the side wall 310 is below the lower surface of the light-emitting layer 304 along the lamination direction of the lamination. It is preferably provided so as to extend to a position flush with the lower surface. Specifically, the end of the lens portion (the position indicated by the dashed line in FIG. 4) is positioned below the lower surface of the light emitting layer 304 or flush with the lower surface. In other words, the lens portion of the side wall 310 is preferably provided to extend to a position below the top surface of the anode electrode 302 . In this case, the sidewall 310 is provided so as to cover the entire end surface of the light emitting layer 304 and part of the end surface of the anode electrode 302 .
- the lens portion of the side wall 310 extends from the bottom to the top in the lamination direction of the lamination so as to cover the protective film 308. It is preferably provided.
- the sidewall 310 has a higher refractive index than a material that transmits light and forms a protective film 350 described later, has a refractive index equal to or lower than that of a material that forms a protective film 308, and has a refractive index equal to or lower than that of the material forming the protective film 308. It is preferably formed from a material of 2.5 or less, more preferably of 1.6 or less.
- the side wall 310 is preferably a single-layer film or laminated film formed of organic or inorganic material with low hygroscopicity.
- the sidewalls 310 are made of organic material (refractive index of about 1.8), silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) (refractive index of 1.5 or less), silicon nitride (SiN) (refractive index of 2 or less), or silicon oxynitride (SiON). (refractive index of 1.7 or less), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) (refractive index of 2.5 or less), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) (refractive index of 1.6 or less), and indium zinc oxide (IZO) ( It preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a refractive index of 2.0).
- the sidewall 310 is made of silicon nitride (SiN) having a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1.0 ⁇ m, for example.
- the light emitted from the light emitting layer 304 can be guided in a desired direction (see FIG. 5). Therefore, in the present embodiment, part of the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 304 is transmitted through the color filter 360 adjacent to the light-emitting layer 304 rather than the color filter 360 positioned directly above the light-emitting layer 304, and the lens positioned directly above it. It is possible to prevent the light from being condensed to 370 . As a result, according to this embodiment, the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 304 can be collected by the desired lens 370, so that the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting device 10 can be improved, and furthermore, the color mixture can be achieved. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of problems such as
- the light emitting element 300 is not limited to the cross-sectional structure as shown in FIG. 4, and other elements may be added, for example.
- the light-emitting device 10 includes a plurality of light-emitting elements 300 provided on a semiconductor substrate 200, a protective film (first protective film) 350 covering the light-emitting elements 300, and a protective film. It mainly has a color filter 360 provided on the film 350 , a lens 370 provided on the color filter 360 , and an opposing glass 380 provided on the lens 370 . Details of each element of the light-emitting device 10 according to the present embodiment will be sequentially described below. 5, the cross-sectional structure of the light emitting element 300 is different from the structure shown in FIG. 4, and details of the different portions will be described later.
- the protective film 350 is a film that protects the plurality of light emitting elements 300 and is provided on the plurality of light emitting elements 300 and between the light emitting elements 300 adjacent to each other.
- the protective film 350 may include at least one of a thermosetting resin and an ultraviolet curable resin that transmit light, and is made of a material having a refractive index of about 1.2 to 2.0. be done.
- the protective film 350 is made of, for example, an acrylic resin or a polyimide resin.
- the color filter 360 is provided on the protective film 350 and below the lens 370 to be described later so as to correspond to each light emitting element 300, and can selectively transmit blue light, green light, or red light. . Note that in this embodiment, the color filter 360 may not be provided when the light-emitting layer 304 described above can emit blue light, green light, or red light.
- lens 370 is provided above the protective film 350 so as to correspond to each light emitting element 300 .
- the lens 370 can be made of, for example, silicon nitride (SiN), or a resin material such as styrene resin, acrylic resin, styrene-acrylic copolymer resin, or siloxane resin.
- the opposing glass 380 is provided above the lens 370, is a layer that protects the light emitting element 300, the color filter 360, and the lens 370, and can be made of glass or the like.
- the sidewalls 310 described above can be provided so as to be connected to the sidewalls 310 of the other adjacent light emitting elements 300 .
- the side wall 310 is not limited to being connected to the side wall 310 of the other adjacent light emitting element 300 , and the side wall 310 of the other adjacent light emitting element 300 You may provide so that it may be divided.
- the interface between the arc-shaped side wall 310 and the protective film 350 functions like a lens.
- Light can be directed to a color filter 360 and lens 370 located directly above the emissive layer 304 . Therefore, in the present embodiment, part of the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 304 is transmitted through the color filter 360 adjacent to the light-emitting layer 304 rather than the color filter 360 positioned directly above the light-emitting layer 304, and the lens positioned directly above it. It is possible to prevent the light from being condensed to 370 .
- the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 304 can be collected by the desired lens 370, so that the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting device 10 can be improved, and furthermore, the color mixture can be achieved. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of problems such as
- the light emitting device 10 is not limited to the cross-sectional structure as shown in FIG. 5, and other elements may be added, for example.
- FIG. 6 and 7 are explanatory diagrams for explaining the details of the structure of the light emitting element 300 according to this embodiment. Specifically, a top view of the light emitting element 300 is shown on the left side, and the light emitting element 300 is shown on the right side. shows a cross-sectional view of
- FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the light emitting element 300 taken along line AA' in the top view shown on the left side of FIG.
- a light emitting device 300 according to this embodiment has a structure similar to the cross-sectional structure described with reference to FIG. It differs in that it has a common electrode 320 and a hole (contact hole) 322 .
- the protective films 308 (308a, 308b), the common electrode 320, and the hole 322 will be described, and the description of the elements common to FIG. 4 will be omitted.
- the protective film 308 is composed of laminated protective films 308a and 308b, and the upper protective film 308b has a substantially semicircular cross section with an arc upward.
- the common electrode 320 is an electrode that is electrically connected to the cathode electrode 306, and functions as an electrode common to the plurality of light emitting elements 300 by connecting the common electrodes 320 of the light emitting elements 300 that are adjacent to each other. can be done.
- a uniform voltage is applied to the cathode electrodes 306 of the light emitting elements 300, so that variations in the light emission intensity of the light emitting elements 300 (light emission unevenness) can be suppressed. can.
- the common electrode 320 is provided so as to cover the sidewalls 310 covering the protective film 308 and the like, and extends through the sidewalls 310, the protective films 308b and 308a, and the inner walls of the holes 322 exposing the cathode electrodes 306. provided to cover.
- the common electrode 320 can be made of a conductive material that transmits light, has a higher refractive index than the material forming the protective film 350, and has the same refractive index as the material forming the sidewalls 310.
- common electrode 320 can be formed from magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), and the like.
- Hole 322 is provided to expose cathode electrode 306 through sidewall 310, protective film 308b and protective film 308a, as described above.
- the hole 322 is provided in the center of the light emitting element 300, but in this embodiment the hole 322 is not limited to being provided in the center of the light emitting element 300. Depending on the position of the light emitting element 300 in the , the center of the light emitting element 300 may be shifted as appropriate. Furthermore, the hole 322 may be filled with a high refractive index material.
- the light emitting element 300 may have a cross-sectional structure as shown in FIG.
- the center of FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the light emitting element 300 cut along the line AA′ in the top view shown on the left side of FIG. 7, and the right side of FIG.
- a cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element 300 cut along line BB' in the top view is shown.
- the light emitting element 300 has holes 322 formed at the ends of the light emitting element 300 instead of forming the hole 322 at the center of the light emitting element 300 .
- the cathode electrode 306 is extended to the edge of the light emitting element 300, and a hole 322 is formed through the side wall 310 to expose the extended portion of the cathode electrode 306.
- a common electrode 320 is provided to cover the sidewalls 310 and the inner walls of the holes 322 .
- the cross-sectional structure of the light emitting element 300 according to this embodiment is not limited to the examples shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, and can be changed as appropriate.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a light emitting element 300 according to a modification of this embodiment.
- a light emitting element 300 includes an element isolation film 330 provided on a semiconductor substrate 200, an anode electrode 302 provided so as to be surrounded by the element isolation film 330, an element isolation It mainly has a light-emitting layer 304 provided to cover the film 330 and the anode electrode 302, a cathode electrode 306, and protective films 308a and 308b.
- a light-emitting layer 304 provided to cover the film 330 and the anode electrode 302, a cathode electrode 306, and protective films 308a and 308b.
- the element isolation film 330 is a film that partitions the light emitting elements 300 provided on the semiconductor substrate 200 , and more specifically, is provided so as to surround the anode electrode 302 .
- the device isolation layer 330 can be made of an organic material or an inorganic material.
- organic materials include polyimide resins and acrylic resins.
- inorganic materials include silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), silicon nitride (SiN), silicon oxynitride (SiON), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ).
- the anode electrode 302 provided so as to be surrounded by the isolation film 330 may have a flat upper surface as shown in FIG. It may have a generally concave cross-section.
- the anode electrode 302 can efficiently guide light toward the lens 370 by having such a concave cross section.
- the cathode electrode 306 is provided so as to be connected to the cathode electrode 306 of the adjacent light emitting element 300 .
- the light-emitting layer 304, the cathode electrode 306, and the protective film 308a are provided along the shapes of the element isolation film 330 and the anode electrode 302 so as to cover the element isolation film 330 and the anode electrode 302. be done.
- the protective film 308b is provided so as to cover the protective film 308a, and has a substantially semicircular cross section with an arc upward.
- cross-sectional structure of the light emitting element 300 according to this modified example is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 8, and can be changed as appropriate.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an example of the planar arrangement of the light emitting elements 300 according to this embodiment.
- the light emitting element 300 can emit red light, green light, and blue light, respectively.
- light emitting elements 300b blue light
- 300g green light
- 300r red light
- the light emitting section 20 in a square (rectangular), They can be arranged in a delta arrangement (triangular) or the like.
- the light emitting elements 300b, 300g, and 300r according to the present embodiment are not limited to the arrangement shown in FIG. 9, and other arrangement can be selected.
- FIGS. 10A and 10B are schematic diagrams for explaining the method for manufacturing the light emitting device 300 according to this embodiment.
- an anode electrode 302 is formed on a semiconductor substrate 200 as shown on the upper left side of FIG. 10A.
- the anode electrode 302 can be made of, for example, aluminum (Al), aluminum-copper alloy (AlCu), aluminum-titanium alloy (AlTi), ACX which is an alloy of aluminum and carbon/magnesium, indium tin oxide (ITO), or the like. can.
- a light-emitting layer 304 made of an organic material, a cathode electrode 306 made of indium zinc oxide (IZO), a magnesium-silver alloy (MgAg), or the like are formed on the anode electrode 302, a light-emitting layer 304 made of an organic material, a cathode electrode 306 made of indium zinc oxide (IZO), a magnesium-silver alloy (MgAg), or the like are formed.
- protective films 308a and 308b made of silicon nitride (SiN) or the like having a film thickness of about 0.5 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m are sequentially formed. At this time, the film can be formed using a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method) or the like.
- the protective film 308b is processed into a lens shape.
- a spherical resist 400 is formed on the protective film 308b by using reflow or a gray-tone mask. Furthermore, by etching the protective film 308b so as to transfer the shape of the resist 400 to the protective film 308b, a lens-shaped protective film 308b can be obtained as shown in the lower left part of FIG. 10A.
- the entire surface is etched by an isotropic etching method to process from the protective film 308b to the anode electrode 302 .
- the end face of the light emitting layer 304 is etched so as to be flush with the end face of the anode electrode 302 or to exist inside the end face of the anode electrode 302 .
- the sidewall 310 can be provided so as to cover the entire end surface of the light emitting layer 304 .
- sidewalls 310 are formed to suppress deterioration of the light emitting layer 304 .
- silicon nitride (SiN) or the like having a film thickness of about 0.1 ⁇ m to 1.0 ⁇ m is formed using CVD or the like.
- the formation of the sidewalls 310 is preferably performed in-situ with the etching process described above.
- a resist 402 is formed to cover the light emitting element 300, and holes 322 are formed in the sidewalls 310 and protective films 308a and 308b using photolithography, etching, or the like.
- films of magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium tin oxide (ITO), etc. are formed by sputtering or the like. to form the common electrode 320 .
- a protective film 350, a lens 370, and the like are further formed.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method for manufacturing the light emitting device 300 according to the modified example of this embodiment.
- an element isolation film 330 is formed on a semiconductor substrate 200, a recess is formed in the element isolation film 330, and an anode electrode 302 is formed in the recess.
- the element isolation film 330 is divided into the light emitting elements 300 by forming trenches 200 nm to 1000 nm deeper than the lower surface of the anode electrode 302 .
- a light-emitting layer 304, a cathode electrode 306, and protective films 308a and 308b are sequentially formed on the anode electrode 302.
- the protective film 308b is formed so as to have a film thickness of 500 nm to 5000 nm.
- protective films 308 a and 308 b are formed in sequence on the cathode electrode 306 as shown in the upper center of FIG. 11 . At this time, the protective film 308b is formed so as to have a film thickness of 500 nm to 5000 nm.
- a spherical resist 404 is formed on the protective film 308b by using reflow or a gray-tone mask. Further, by etching the protective film 308b so as to transfer the shape of the resist 404 to the protective film 308b, a lens-shaped protective film 308b can be obtained as shown in the lower part of FIG. Furthermore, although not shown, a protective film 350, a lens 370, and the like are further formed.
- the light emitting device 300 according to this embodiment and this modification is not limited to being formed by the manufacturing method shown in FIGS. 10A, 10B, and 11. good too.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing optical simulation results of this embodiment and a comparative example.
- the simulation results shown on the right side of FIG. 12 are the results for the structure according to this embodiment.
- the simulation result of structure 2 shown in the center of FIG. 12 is the result of a case where the lens portion of the side wall 310 does not extend to a position below the upper surface of the anode electrode 302 as a comparative example with respect to this embodiment.
- the simulation result of structure 1 shown on the left side of FIG. 12 is the result in the case where the side wall 310 is not provided as a comparative example with respect to this embodiment.
- the interface between the arc-shaped side wall 310 and the protective film 350 functions like a lens. , can lead to a color filter 360 and a lens 370 located directly above the light-emitting layer 304 . Therefore, in the present embodiment, part of the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 304 is transmitted through the color filter 360 adjacent to the light-emitting layer 304 rather than the color filter 360 positioned directly above the light-emitting layer 304, and the lens positioned directly above it. It is possible to prevent the light from being condensed to 370 .
- the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 304 can be collected by the desired lens 370, so that the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting device 10 can be improved, and furthermore, the color mixture can be achieved. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of problems such as
- Second Embodiment>> ⁇ 3.1 Cross-sectional structure> The second embodiment of the present disclosure also aims to further improve the light extraction efficiency of the light emitting device 10, like the first embodiment described above. The details of the second embodiment of the present disclosure created by the present inventors will be described below.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory view for explaining the cross-sectional structure of the light-emitting device 10 according to this embodiment, and more specifically, a cross-sectional view when the light-emitting device 10 is cut along the film thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate 200.
- FIG. corresponds to
- a light emitting device 10 includes a plurality of light emitting elements 300 provided on a semiconductor substrate 200 and a protective film covering the light emitting elements 300, as in the first embodiment described above. It mainly has a (first protective film) 350 , a color filter 360 provided on the protective film 350 , and a lens 370 provided on the color filter 360 . Note that the protective film 350, the color filter 360, and the lens 370 are the same as those in the above-described first embodiment, so detailed description thereof will be omitted here.
- the light-emitting element 300 includes an anode electrode (first electrode) 302, a light-emitting layer 304, a cathode electrode (second electrode) 302, a light-emitting layer 304, and a cathode electrode (second electrode) provided on the semiconductor substrate 200. ) 306 , a protective film (second protective film) 308 , a sidewall 310 , a common electrode 320 and an element isolation film 330 .
- first electrode first electrode
- second electrode a cathode electrode
- second electrode a cathode electrode
- An anode electrode 302 is provided on the semiconductor substrate 200 .
- the anode electrode 302 can be a single layer film made of either metal or metal oxide, or a laminated film made of multiple materials selected from these. Note that an example of the material forming the anode electrode 302 is the same as that of the anode electrode 302 of the first embodiment, so description thereof is omitted here.
- the light-emitting layer 304 is provided on the anode electrode 302 described above and sandwiched between the anode electrode 302 and the cathode electrode 306. Electrons and holes injected by these electrodes recombine in the light-emitting layer 304 to emit light. can radiate.
- the light-emitting layer 304 is made of an organic material, and can emit any one of white light, blue light, green light, and red light by appropriately selecting the material and layered structure.
- the cathode electrode 306 is made of a conductive material that transmits light and is provided on the light emitting layer 304 .
- the cathode electrode 306 can be a single layer film made of either metal or metal oxide, or a laminated film made of multiple materials selected from these. Note that an example of the material forming the cathode electrode 306 is the same as that of the cathode electrode 306 of the first embodiment, so description thereof will be omitted here.
- the protective film 308 is a film that protects the anode electrode 302, the light emitting layer 304, and the cathode electrode 306 and transmits light.
- the protective film 308 has a hole 322 that penetrates the protective film 308 and exposes the cathode electrode 306 , and a common electrode that is provided to cover the inner wall of the hole 322 and the protective film 308 .
- 320 connects the cathode electrodes 306 of each light emitting element 300 to each other.
- the protective film 308 is preferably a single-layer film or laminated film formed of an inorganic material with low hygroscopicity that transmits light.
- the protective film 308 may be silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) (refractive index of 1.5 or less), silicon nitride (SiN) (refractive index of 2 or less), silicon oxynitride (SiON) (refractive index of 1.7 or less), oxide It preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium (TiO 2 ) (refractive index of 2.5 or less) and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) (refractive index of 1.6 or less).
- the side walls 310 are provided so as to cover the side surfaces of the stacked layer composed of the anode electrode 302 , the light emitting layer 304 , the cathode electrode 306 and the protective film 308 . Furthermore, the sidewall 310 is made of a material that transmits light and has a refractive index different from that of the protective film (first protective film) 350 . Also, as shown in FIG. 13, the side wall 310 is preferably formed to have a lens-like cross-section that protrudes outward from the stack. In this embodiment, light is refracted at the interface between the sidewalls 310 and the protective film 350, and the sidewalls 310 can act like a lens to guide the light emitted from the light emitting layer 304 in a desired direction.
- the side wall 310 is provided to extend from a position above the upper surface of the cathode electrode 306 to a position below the light emitting layer 304 along the lamination direction of the lamination. Furthermore, in this embodiment, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. It is preferably provided to extend to a position below the position.
- the sidewall 310 has a higher refractive index than a material that transmits light and forms a protective film 350 described later, has a refractive index equal to or lower than that of a material that forms a protective film 308, and has a refractive index equal to or lower than that of the material forming the protective film 308. It is preferably formed from a material of 2.5 or less. Furthermore, the side wall 310 is preferably a single-layer film or laminated film formed of an inorganic material with low hygroscopicity.
- sidewalls 310 may be made of silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) (refractive index of 1.5 or less), silicon nitride (SiN) (refractive index of 2 or less), silicon oxynitride (SiON) (refractive index of 1.7 or less), or titanium oxide. It preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of (TiO 2 ) (refractive index of 2.5 or less) and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) (refractive index of 1.6 or less).
- the sidewalls 310 may be provided so as to be separated from the sidewalls 310 of the adjacent light emitting elements 300, or may be provided so as to be connected.
- the interface between the sidewalls 310 and the protective film 350 functions like a lens due to the difference in refractive index, so that the light emitted from the light emitting layer 304 can be filtered. , can lead to a color filter 360 and a lens 370 located directly above the light-emitting layer 304 . Therefore, in the present embodiment, part of the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 304 is transmitted through the color filter 360 adjacent to the light-emitting layer 304 rather than the color filter 360 positioned directly above the light-emitting layer 304, and the lens positioned directly above it. It is possible to prevent the light from being condensed to 370 .
- the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 304 can be collected by a desired lens 370, so that the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting device 10 can be improved, and furthermore, color mixing can be achieved. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of problems such as
- the common electrode 320 is an electrode that is electrically connected to the cathode electrode 306, and functions as an electrode common to the plurality of light emitting elements 300 by connecting the common electrodes 320 of the light emitting elements 300 that are adjacent to each other. can be done.
- a voltage can be uniformly applied to the cathode electrodes 306 of the light emitting elements 300, so that variations in the light emission intensity of the light emitting elements 300 (light emission unevenness) can be suppressed. be able to.
- the common electrode 320 is provided so as to cover the protective film 308 and the sidewalls 310 , and the common electrode 320 penetrates the protective film 308 and covers the inner wall of the hole 322 exposing the cathode electrode 306 .
- the common electrode 320 can be made of a conductive material that transmits light, has a higher refractive index than the material forming the protective film 350, and has the same refractive index as the material forming the sidewalls 310. preferable. Note that an example of the material forming the common electrode 320 is the same as that of the common electrode 320 of the first embodiment, so description thereof is omitted here.
- the element isolation film 330 is a film that is provided on the semiconductor substrate 200 and partitions the light emitting elements 300 . Specifically, the element isolation film 330 is provided so as to surround the anode electrode 302 .
- the device isolation layer 330 can be made of organic material or inorganic material. Specifically, examples of organic materials include polyimide resins and acrylic resins. Examples of inorganic materials include silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), silicon nitride (SiN), silicon oxynitride (SiON), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ).
- the light emitting element 300 is not limited to the cross-sectional structure as shown in FIG. 13, and other elements may be added, for example.
- FIGS. 14 to 16 are explanatory diagrams for explaining the light emitting device 10 according to the modified example of this embodiment.
- a gap 354 may be provided between the light emitting elements 300 adjacent to each other.
- a blocking film 352 is provided on the protective film 308 .
- the blocking film 352 is preferably a single-layer film or a laminated film formed of an inorganic material with low hygroscopicity that transmits light.
- the blocking film 352 may be made of silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) (refractive index of 1.5 or less), silicon nitride (SiN) (refractive index of 2 or less), silicon oxynitride (SiON) (refractive index of 1.7 or less), oxidized It preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium (TiO 2 ) (refractive index of 2.5 or less) and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) (refractive index of 1.6 or less).
- the side wall 310 can have a substantially right-angled triangular shape, a substantially quarter circle shape, or a rectangular cross section as shown in FIG. It may have a shaped cross section.
- the side wall 310 may protrude below the color filter 360 adjacent to the color filter 360 directly above the light emitting layer 304 covered by the side wall 310 .
- the sidewalls 310 may protrude to adjacent partitions of the light emitting elements 300 .
- cross-sectional structure of the light emitting element 300 according to this embodiment is not limited to the examples shown in FIGS. 14 to 16, and can be changed as appropriate.
- FIGS. 17 and 18 are explanatory diagrams for explaining an example of the planar arrangement of the light emitting elements 300 according to this embodiment.
- the light emitting device 300 can emit red light, green light, blue light, and white light, respectively.
- the light emitting elements 300b, 300g, 300r, and 300w that emit light of different colors are arranged on the light emitting section 20 in a square arrangement (rectangular shape), a delta arrangement (triangular shape), a stripe arrangement, or the like. can be placed in a square arrangement (rectangular shape), a delta arrangement (triangular shape), a stripe arrangement, or the like. can be placed in a square arrangement (rectangular shape), a delta arrangement (triangular shape), a stripe arrangement, or the like. can be placed in
- the light emitting elements 300b, 300g, 300r, and 300w are provided with pads 50 (or cathode electrodes) between adjacent light emitting elements 300 in the light emitting section 20, as shown in FIG. may
- the light emitting elements 300b, 300g, 300r, and 300w according to the present embodiment are not limited to the arrangement shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, and other arrangement can be selected.
- FIGS. 19A to 19F are schematic diagrams for explaining the method for manufacturing the light emitting device 300 according to this embodiment.
- an anode electrode 302, a light emitting layer 304, a cathode electrode 306, a protective film 308, and an element isolation film 330 are formed on a semiconductor substrate 200. Then, as shown in FIG. 19A, an anode electrode 302, a light emitting layer 304, a cathode electrode 306, a protective film 308, and an element isolation film 330 are formed on a semiconductor substrate 200. Then, as shown in FIG. 19A, an anode electrode 302, a light emitting layer 304, a cathode electrode 306, a protective film 308, and an element isolation film 330 are formed on a semiconductor substrate 200. Then, as shown in FIG.
- a resist is formed on the protective film 308, and a pattern is formed in the resist using photolithography. Then, according to the pattern, the light emitting layer 304, the cathode electrode 306 and the protective film 308 are dry-etched to separate the light emitting elements 300 from each other. Further, as shown in FIG. 19B, a film that will be the material of the side wall 310 is formed so as to cover the separated lamination of the light emitting layer 304, the cathode electrode 306, and the protective film 308. Then, as shown in FIG.
- the entire surface of the wafer is processed by dry etching so that sidewalls 310 are left on the end surfaces of the protective film 308 , the cathode electrode 306 , the light emitting layer 304 and the anode electrode 302 .
- the taper angle of the side wall 310 is preferably 90 degrees or less (see FIG. 20 for details of the taper angle), and the side wall 310 may have a curved surface.
- a hole 322 is formed through the protective film 308 to expose the cathode electrode 306 , and a common electrode 320 is formed to cover the protective film 308 and sidewalls 310 .
- a protective film 350 is formed so as to cover each light emitting element 300, and after flattening its upper surface, a color filter 360 is formed.
- the color filter 360 may not be provided when the light-emitting layer 304 described above can emit blue light, green light, or red light.
- a lens 370 is formed on the color filter 360.
- the light emitting element 300 according to this embodiment and this modification is not limited to being formed by the manufacturing method shown in FIGS. 19A to 19F, and the process may be changed as appropriate.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an optical simulation model
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the results of the optical simulation.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the tendency of the emission intensity with respect to the height of the sidewall 310
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the tendency of the emission intensity with respect to the width of the sidewall 310
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the tendency of emission intensity with respect to .
- the inventors performed an optical simulation under the conditions of the side wall 310 as shown in FIG. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 20, in the optical simulation, the anode electrode 302 is made of a copper aluminum alloy (AlCu) with a width of 3000 nm and a thickness of 55 nm, and the light emitting layer 304 is made of a width of 2200 nm. and a single organic layer with a thickness of 177 nm (i.e., the light-emitting layer 304 emits white light), and the cathode electrode 306 is made of indium zinc oxide (IZO) with a width of 2200 nm and a thickness of 60 nm. bottom.
- AlCu copper aluminum alloy
- IZO indium zinc oxide
- the side wall (Side Wall; SW) 310 has a width of 200 nm or 400 nm, a height of 200 nm, 400 nm, 800 nm, and 1600 nm, and a taper angle of the side wall 310 between 0 and 90 degrees. bottom. Note that specific points of the height of the side wall 310, the width of the side wall 310, and the taper angle of the side wall 310 are as shown in FIG.
- the luminescence intensity of the light emitting element 300 improved as the height of the sidewall 310 increased.
- the light emission intensity of the light emitting element 300 is improved as the film thickness of the protective film 308 is increased (see FIG. 20).
- the interface between the sidewall 310 and the protective film 350 functions like a lens. can lead to a color filter 360 and a lens 370 that Therefore, in the present embodiment, part of the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 304 is transmitted through the color filter 360 adjacent to the light-emitting layer 304 rather than the color filter 360 positioned directly above the light-emitting layer 304, and the lens positioned directly above it. It is possible to prevent the light from being condensed to 370 .
- the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 304 can be collected by the desired lens 370, so that the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting device 10 can be improved, and furthermore, the color mixture can be achieved. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of problems such as
- the interface between the side wall 310 and the protective film 350 functions like a lens due to the difference in refractive index, so that the light emitted from the light emitting layer 304 is It can lead to a color filter 360 and a lens 370 located directly above the light emitting layer 304 . Therefore, in the present embodiment, part of the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 304 is transmitted through the color filter 360 adjacent to the light-emitting layer 304 rather than the color filter 360 positioned directly above the light-emitting layer 304, and the lens positioned directly above it. It is possible to prevent the light from being condensed to 370 .
- the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 304 can be collected by the desired lens 370, so that the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting device 10 can be improved, and furthermore, the color mixture can be achieved. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of problems such as It should be noted that the above-described first embodiment and second embodiment of the present disclosure may be implemented by combining a part or all of them.
- the semiconductor substrates 100 and 200 are not necessarily silicon substrates, and may be other substrates (for example, SOI (Silicon On Insulator) substrates, SiGe substrates, etc.).
- SOI Silicon On Insulator
- examples of methods for forming the layers and films described above include physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
- PVD methods include a vacuum deposition method using resistance heating or high-frequency heating, an EB (electron beam) deposition method, various sputtering methods (magnetron sputtering method, RF (Radio Frequency)-DC (Direct Current) combined bias sputtering method, ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) sputtering method, facing target sputtering method, high frequency sputtering method, etc.), ion plating method, laser ablation method, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) method, laser transfer method, etc. .
- MBE molecular beam epitaxy
- CVD method examples include plasma CVD, thermal CVD, MOCVD, and optical CVD.
- other methods include electrolytic plating method, electroless plating method, spin coating method; immersion method; casting method; microcontact printing method; drop casting method; screen printing method, inkjet printing method, offset printing method, and gravure printing.
- various printing methods such as printing method, flexographic printing method; stamp method; spray method; air doctor coater method, blade coater method, rod coater method, knife coater method, squeeze coater method, reverse roll coater method, transfer roll coater method, gravure coater method , kiss coater method, cast coater method, spray coater method, slit orifice coater method and calendar coater method.
- planarization techniques include a CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) method, a laser planarization method, a reflow method, and the like. That is, the light-emitting device 10 according to the present embodiment can be manufactured easily and inexpensively using the existing manufacturing process of semiconductor devices.
- FIGS. 25 to 28 are external views showing examples of electronic devices to which the light emitting device 10 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied.
- the light-emitting device 10 according to this embodiment can be applied to a display unit provided in electronic devices such as smartphones.
- the smartphone 600 has a display unit 602 that displays various types of information, and an operation unit that includes buttons and the like for receiving operation input by the user.
- the display unit 602 may be the light emitting device 10 according to this embodiment.
- the light-emitting device 10 can be applied to the display section of electronic equipment such as a digital camera.
- the digital camera 700 includes a main unit (camera body) 702 and a monitor unit 704 for displaying various information. and an EVF (Electronic View Finder) 706 that displays a through-the-lens image observed by the user during shooting.
- the monitor unit 704 and the EVF 706 can be the light emitting device 10 according to this embodiment.
- the light emitting device 10 according to the present embodiment can be applied to the display section of electronic equipment such as HMD (Head Mounted Display).
- HMD Head Mounted Display
- the HMD 800 includes a spectacles-type display section 802 that displays various information, and an ear hook section 804 that is hooked to the user's ear when worn.
- the display unit 802 can be the light emitting device 10 according to this embodiment.
- the light-emitting device 10 according to this embodiment can be applied to the display section of electronic equipment such as a television device.
- the television device 900 includes a display section 902 covered with filter glass or the like.
- the display unit 902 can be the light emitting device 10 according to this embodiment.
- the light-emitting device 10 according to the present embodiment can be applied to display units of electronic devices in all fields that perform display based on an image signal input from the outside or an image signal generated inside.
- Examples of such electronic devices include television devices, electronic books, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), notebook personal computers, video cameras, smart watches, and game devices.
- the light-emitting device 10 according to this embodiment can also be applied to lighting devices, advertising display devices, and the like.
- the present technology can also take the following configuration. (1) Equipped with a plurality of light emitting elements arranged in a matrix on a semiconductor substrate, Each of the light emitting elements provided so as to be covered with the first protective film, A first electrode, a light-emitting layer provided on the first electrode, a second electrode provided on the light-emitting layer, and a second protective film provided on the second electrode lamination; a sidewall made of a material having a refractive index different from that of the material forming the first protective film and covering at least a portion of the side surface of the lamination; has The sidewall extends from a position above the top surface of the second electrode to a position below the top surface of the light emitting layer along the stacking direction from top to bottom.
- Luminescent device (2) The light-emitting device according to (1) above, wherein the second electrode, the first and second protective films, and the sidewalls are made of a material that transmits light. (3) The light-emitting device according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the side wall extends from top to bottom in the stacking direction to a lower surface of the light-emitting layer. (4) The light-emitting device according to (1), wherein the side wall extends from top to bottom in the stacking direction to a position below the upper surface of the first electrode. (5) The light emitting device according to any one of (1) to (4) above, wherein the side wall extends from bottom to top along the stacking direction to a position above the upper surface of the second protective film.
- the sidewall has any one of a substantially semicircular shape, a substantially trapezoidal shape, a substantially right triangle shape, a substantially quarter circle shape, and a rectangular shape.
- the light-emitting device according to any one of (1) to (9) above, wherein the sidewall of one of the light-emitting elements is provided so as to be connected to the sidewall of another adjacent light-emitting element.
- the second protective film has a substantially semicircular cross section with an arc upward in a cross section obtained by cutting the light emitting element along the stacking direction.
- the second protective film has a hole that penetrates the second protective film and exposes the second electrode; The second electrode is electrically connected to a common electrode covering at least part of the upper surface of the second protective film and part of the inner wall of the hole.
- the light-emitting device according to any one of (1) to (12) above.
- the first protective film is embedded between the light-emitting elements adjacent to each other.
- An electronic device equipped with one or more light emitting devices The light emitting device Equipped with a plurality of light emitting elements arranged in a matrix on a semiconductor substrate, Each of the light emitting elements provided so as to be covered with the first protective film, A first electrode, a light-emitting layer provided on the first electrode, a second electrode provided on the light-emitting layer, and a second protective film provided on the second electrode lamination; a sidewall made of a material having a refractive index different from that of the material forming the first protective film and covering at least a portion of the side surface of the lamination; has The sidewall extends from a position above the top surface of the second electrode to a position below the top surface of the light emitting layer along the stacking direction from top to bottom. Electronics.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Abstract
Description
1. 本開示の実施形態に係る発光装置について
1.1 平面構造
1.2 駆動回路部の等価回路
2. 第1の実施形態
2.1 背景
2.2 断面構造の概要
2.3 断面構造の詳細
2.4 変形例
2.5 平面配置
2.6 製造方法
2.7 シミュレーション結果
3. 第2の実施形態
3.1 断面構造
3.2 変形例
3.3 平面配置
3.4 製造方法
3.5 シミュレーション結果
4. まとめ
5. 適用例
6. 補足
まず、本開示の実施形態の詳細を説明する前に、本開示の実施形態に係る発光装置について説明する。
図1を参照して、本開示の実施形態に係る発光装置10の平面構造の一例について説明する。図1は、本開示の実施形態の発光装置10の平面構造の一例を模式的に示した断面図である。以下の説明においては、本実施形態の発光装置10として、有機EL装置を例に挙げて説明する。
発光部20は、水平方向及び垂直方向(行方向及び列方向)に沿ってマトリックス状に配列された複数の発光素子300(図2 参照)を有する。発光素子300は、例えば、供給される電流の大きさに応じて発光輝度が変化する、有機EL(Electronic Luminescent)素子(OLED)であることができる。より具体的には、各発光素子300は、アノード電極302、発光層304、カソード電極306(図4 参照)等からなる周知の構成や構造を有する。さらに、上記発光層は、例えば正孔輸送層(図示省略)、有機発光層(図示省略)、電子輸送層(図示省略)が積層された構造を有する。また、発光素子300ごとに、もしくは、複数の発光素子300発光素子を駆動する駆動回路ブロック(画素トランジスタ群)が設けられていてもよい。なお、1つ又は複数の駆動回路ブロックが、後述する駆動回路部40(図2 参照)を構成することとなる。
周辺回路部30は、図1に示すように、発光部20の周囲に位置し、上述した駆動回路部40に信号電圧あるいは電源電圧を供給する回路部である。詳細には、周辺回路部30は、例えば、水平方向走査回路(図示省略)、垂直方向走査回路(図示省略)、ガンマ電圧生成回路(図示省略)、タイミングコントローラ(図示省略)、D/A(Digital/Analog)変換器(図示省略)、増幅器(図示省略)、インタフェース(図示省略)、メモリ(図示省略)等を含むことができる。さらに、周辺回路部30は、テスト回路(図示省略)を有していてもよい。なお、以下の説明においては、水平方向走査回路は、走査回路33及び発光制御トランジスタ制御回路34に対応し、垂直方向走査回路は、画像信号出力回路35に対応する(図2 参照)。
パッド50は、発光部20の発光素子300のカソード電極306(図4 参照)に電源回路を電気的に接続したり、各種トランジスタに電圧を印加するために、各種トランジスタに電源回路を電気的に接続したりためのパッドである。パッド50は、例えば、金属膜等の導電性材料から形成される。なお、パッド50は、発光部20内の発光素子300の間に設けられていてもよい。
次に、図2を参照して、本開示の実施形態に係る発光装置10の駆動回路部40の等価回路について説明する。図2は、本開示の実施形態の発光装置10の駆動回路部40の一例の等価回路図であって、詳細には、図2に示す等価回路は、1画素(1つの発光素子300)分ごとに設けられた駆動回路ブロック(画素トランジスタ群)を示す。以下の説明においては、駆動回路部40の駆動回路ブロックとして、4つのトランジスタと2つの容量を有する4Tr-2C型の回路構成を例に挙げて説明するが、本実施形態はこれに限定されるものではない。本実施形態においては、例えば、3つのトランジスタと2つの容量を有する3Tr-2C型の回路構成、4つのトランジスタと1つの容量を有する4Tr-1C型の回路構成、3つのトランジスタと1つの容量を有する3Tr-1C型の回路構成等を適用することができる。
<2.1 背景>
まずは、図3を参照して、本開示の第1の実施形態を説明する前に、本発明者らが本開示の第1の実施形態を創作するに至る背景について説明する。図3は、本開示の第1の実施形態の背景を説明するための説明図である。
まずは、図4及び図5を参照して、本実施形態に係る発光素子300及び発光装置10の断面構造の概要を説明する。図4は、本実施形態に係る発光素子300の断面構造の概要を説明するための説明図であって、詳細には、半導体基板200の膜厚方向に沿って発光素子300を切断した場合の断面図に対応する。また、図5は、本実施形態に係る発光装置10の断面構造の概要を説明するための説明図であって、詳細には、半導体基板200の膜厚方向に沿って発光装置10を切断した場合の断面図に対応する。
アノード電極302は、半導体基板200上に設けられる。例えば、アノード電極302は、金属及び金属酸化物のうちのいずれかからなる単層膜、又は、これらから選択される複数の材料からなる積層膜であることができる。詳細には、金属としては、例えば、クロム(Cr)、金(Au)、白金(Pt)、ニッケル(Ni)、銅(Cu)、モリブデン(Mo)、チタン(Ti)、タンタル(Ta)、アルミニウム(Al)、マグネシウム(Mg)、鉄(Fe)、タングステン(W)及び銀(Ag)等、もしくはこれらの合金(例えば、AlCu等)や、これらの炭化物との合金(例えば、アルミニウムとカーボン・マグネシウムとの合金であるACX等)を含むことができる。また、金属酸化物としては、例えば、酸化インジウムスズ(ITO)、酸化インジウム亜鉛(IZO)、酸化亜鉛(ZnO)、酸化銅(CuO)及び酸化チタン(TiO2)等を含むことができる。
発光層304は、上述したアノード電極302上に設けられ、当該アノード電極302と後述するカソード電極306とに挟まれ、これら電極により注入された電子及び正孔が、発光層304で再結合することにより光を放射することができる。さらに、発光層304は、例えば、正孔輸送層(図示省略)、有機発光層(図示省略)、電子輸送層(図示省略)が積層された構造を有する。また、発光層304は、有機材料から形成され、適宜材料や積層構造を選択することにより、白色光、青色光、緑色光、赤色光のいずれかを放射することができる。
カソード電極306は、光を透過する導電性材料からなり、発光層304上に設けられる。例えば、カソード電極306は、金属及び金属酸化物のうちのいずれかからなる単層膜、又は、これらから選択される複数の材料からなる積層膜であることができる。詳細には、金属としては、例えば、マグネシウム(Mg)、アルミニウム(Al)、銀(Ag)、カルシウム(Ca)及びナトリウム(Na)からなる群のうち少なくとも1種の金属元素を含む。また、金属酸化物としては、例えば、酸化インジウムスズ(ITO)、酸化インジウム亜鉛(IZO)、酸化亜鉛(ZnO)、酸化銅(CuO)及び酸化チタン(TiO2)等を含むことができる。
保護膜308は、アノード電極302、発光層304及びカソード電極306を保護する、光を透過する膜である。カソード電極306上に設けられる保護膜308の形状は、例えば、図4に示すように、上方に円弧を持つ略半円状の断面を持つ。詳細には、保護膜308は、光を透過する、吸湿性が低い無機材料から形成される単層膜又は積層膜であることが好ましい。例えば、保護膜308は、酸化シリコン(SiO2)(屈折率1.5以下)、窒化シリコン(SiN)(屈折率2以下)、酸窒化シリコン(SiON)(屈折率1.7以下)、酸化チタン(TiO2)(屈折率2.5以下)及び酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)(屈折率1.6以下)からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含むことが好ましい。例えば、保護膜308は、0.5μm~5μm程度の高さ又は膜厚を持つ窒化シリコン(SiN)からなる。
側壁310は、アノード電極302、発光層304、カソード電極306及び保護膜308からなる積層の側面の少なくとも一部を覆うように設けられる。さらに、側壁310は、光を透過し、且つ、後述する保護膜(第1の保護膜)350(図5 参照)を形成する材料と屈折率が異なる材料から形成される。また、側壁310は、図4に示すように、上記積層の外側に向かって突出するレンズ状(略半円状)の断面を持つように形成されることが好ましい。本実施形態においては、このような側壁310を設けることにより、屈折率の違いから、側壁310と保護膜350との界面において光を屈折させることができる。従って、本実施形態によれば、側壁310をレンズのように機能させて、発光層304から放射された光を所望の方向に導くことができる。
保護膜350は、複数の発光素子300を保護する膜であって、複数の発光素子300の上と、互いに隣り合う発光素子300の間とに設けられる。詳細には、保護膜350は、光を透過する熱硬化性樹脂及び紫外線硬化性樹脂のうちの少なくとも1種を含むことができ、屈折率が1.2から2.0程度である材料から形成される。具体的には、保護膜350は、例えば、アクリル系樹脂やポリイミド系樹脂から形成される。
カラーフィルタ360は、保護膜350の上、後述するレンズ370の下方に、各発光素子300に対応するように設けられ、青色光、緑色光、又は、赤色光を選択的に透過することができる。なお、本実施形態においては、上述した発光層304が青色光、緑色光、又は、赤色光を放射することができる場合には、カラーフィルタ360は設けられていなくてもよい。
レンズ370は、保護膜350の上方に、各発光素子300に対応するように設けられる。レンズ370は、例えば、窒化シリコン(SiN)、又は、スチレン系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、スチレン-アクリル共重合系樹脂、もしくは、シロキサン系樹脂等の樹脂系材料によって形成することができる。
対向ガラス380は、レンズ370の上方に設けられ、発光素子300やカラーフィルタ360及びレンズ370を保護する層であり、ガラス等により形成することができる。
まずは、図6及び図7を参照して、本実施形態に係る発光素子300の構造の詳細を説明する。図6及び図7は、本実施形態に係る発光素子300の構造の詳細を説明するための説明図であって、詳細には、左側に発光素子300の上面図を示し、右側に発光素子300の断面図を示す。
図6に示す構造では、保護膜308は、保護膜308aと保護膜308bとの積層からなり、上側の保護膜308bは、上方に円弧を持つ略半円状の断面を持つ。
共通電極320は、カソード電極306に電気的に接続される電極であり、互いに隣り合う発光素子300の共通電極320が互いに接続されることにより、複数の発光素子300に共通する電極として機能することができる。共通電極320をこのような構造にすることにより、各発光素子300のカソード電極306に均一に電圧がかかることとなることから、発光素子300の発光強度のバラツキ(発光ムラ)を抑制することができる。詳細には、共通電極320は、保護膜308等を覆う側壁310を覆うように設けられ、さらに、側壁310、保護膜308b及び保護膜308aを貫き、カソード電極306を露出させるホール322の内壁を覆うように設けられる。
ホール322は、先に説明したように、側壁310、保護膜308b及び保護膜308aを貫き、カソード電極306を露出させるように設けられる。図6では、発光素子300の中心にホール322が設けられているが、本実施形態においては、ホール322は、発光素子300の中心に設けることに限定されるものではなく、例えば、発光部20における発光素子300の位置に応じて、適宜、発光素子300の中心からずらして設けてもよい。さらに、ホール322内は、高屈折率の材料で埋め込まれてもよい。
また、本実施形態においては、発光素子300の構造をさらに変形することもできる。そこで、図8を参照して、本実施形態の変形例を説明する。図8は、本実施形態の変形例に係る発光素子300を説明するための説明図である。
次に、図9を参照して、本開示の実施形態に係る発光素子300の平面配置の例について説明する。図9は、本実施形態に係る発光素子300の平面配置の一例を説明するための説明図である。
次に、図10A及び図10Bを参照して、本実施形態に係る発光素子300の製造方法を説明する。図10A及び図10Bは、本実施形態に係る発光素子300の製造方法を説明するための模式図である。
本実施形態による効果を検証するために、本発明者らは光学的シミュレーションを実施した。以下、図12を参照して、本実施形態に対する光学的シミュレーション結果を説明する。図12は、本実施形態及び比較例の光学的シミュレーション結果を示す図である。
<3.1 断面構造>
本開示の第2の実施形態も、上述した第1の実施形態と同様に、発光装置10の光の取り出し効率をさらに向上させることを目的としている。以下、本発明者らが創作した本開示の第2の実施形態の詳細を説明する。
アノード電極302は、半導体基板200上に設けられる。例えば、アノード電極302は、金属及び金属酸化物のうちのいずれかからなる単層膜、又は、これらから選択される複数の材料からなる積層膜であることができる。なお、アノード電極302を形成する材料の例は、第1の実施形態のアノード電極302と同様であるため、ここでは説明を省略する。
発光層304は、上述したアノード電極302上に設けられ、当該アノード電極302とカソード電極306とに挟まれ、これら電極により注入された電子及び正孔が、発光層304で再結合することにより光を放射することができる。また、発光層304は、有機材料から形成され、適宜材料や積層構造を選択することにより、白色光、青色光、緑色光、赤色光のいずれかを放射することができる。
カソード電極306は、光を透過する導電性材料からなり、発光層304上に設けられる。例えば、カソード電極306は、金属及び金属酸化物のうちのいずれかからなる単層膜、又は、これらから選択される複数の材料からなる積層膜であることができる。なお、カソード電極306を形成する材料の例は、第1の実施形態のカソード電極306と同様であるため、ここでは説明を省略する。
保護膜308は、アノード電極302、発光層304及びカソード電極306を保護し、光を透過する膜である。本実施形態においては、保護膜308は、保護膜308を貫き、カソード電極306を露出させるように設けられたホール322を有し、ホール322の内壁及び保護膜308を覆うように設けられる共通電極320により、各発光素子300のカソード電極306は互いに接続される。さらに、詳細には、保護膜308は、光を透過する、吸湿性が低い無機材料から形成される単層膜又は積層膜であることが好ましい。例えば、保護膜308は、酸化シリコン(SiO2)(屈折率1.5以下)、窒化シリコン(SiN)(屈折率2以下)、酸窒化シリコン(SiON)(屈折率1.7以下)、酸化チタン(TiO2)(屈折率2.5以下)及び酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)(屈折率1.6以下)からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含むことが好ましい。
側壁310は、アノード電極302、発光層304、カソード電極306及び保護膜308からなる積層の側面を覆うように設けられる。さらに、側壁310は、光を透過し、且つ、保護膜(第1の保護膜)350を形成する材料と屈折率が異なる材料から形成される。また、側壁310は、図13に示すように、上記積層の外側に向かって突出するレンズ状の断面を持つように形成されることが好ましい。本実施形態においては、側壁310と保護膜350との界面において光を屈折させ、側壁310をレンズのように機能させて、発光層304から放射された光を所望の方向に導くことができる。
共通電極320は、カソード電極306に電気的に接続される電極であり、互いに隣り合う発光素子300の共通電極320が互いに接続されることにより、複数の発光素子300に共通する電極として機能することができる。共通電極320をこのような構造にすることにより、各発光素子300のカソード電極306に均一に電圧が印加されるようになることから、発光素子300の発光強度のバラツキ(発光ムラ)を抑制することができる。詳細には、共通電極320は、保護膜308と側壁310とを覆うように設けられ、さらに、共通電極320は、保護膜308を貫き、カソード電極306を露出させるホール322の内壁を覆うように設けられる。また、共通電極320は、光を透過し、保護膜350を形成する材料と比べて屈折率が高く、側壁310を形成する材料と比べて屈折率が同等の導電性材料から形成されることが好ましい。なお、共通電極320を形成する材料の例は、第1の実施形態の共通電極320と同様であるため、ここでは説明を省略する。
素子分離膜330は、半導体基板200上に設けられた、発光素子300を区画する膜であり、詳細には、アノード電極302を取り囲むように設けられる。例えば、素子分離膜330は、有機材料又は無機材料から形成することができる。具体的には、有機材料としては、例えば、ポリイミド系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂を挙げることができる。無機材料としては、例えば、酸化シリコン(SiO2)、窒化シリコン(SiN)、酸窒化シリコン(SiON)、酸化チタン(TiO2)、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)等を挙げることができる。
また、本実施形態においては、発光装置10の構造をさらに変形することもできる。そこで、図14から図16を参照して、本実施形態の変形例を説明する。図14から図16は、本実施形態の変形例に係る発光装置10を説明するための説明図である。
次に、図17及び図18を参照して、本開示の実施形態に係る発光素子300の平面配置の例について説明する。図17及び図18は、本実施形態に係る発光素子300の平面配置の一例を説明するための説明図である。
次に、図19Aから図19Fを参照して、本実施形態に係る発光素子300の製造方法を説明する。図19Aから図19Fは、本実施形態に係る発光素子300の製造方法を説明するための模式図である。
本実施形態による効果を検証するために、本発明者らは光学的シミュレーションを実施した。そこで、図20から図24を参照して、本実施形態に対する光学的シミュレーション結果を説明する。図20は、光学的シミュレーションのモデルを示す図であり、図21は、光学的シミュレーションの結果を示す図である。さらに、図22は、側壁310の高さに対する発光強度の傾向を示す図であり、図23は、側壁310の幅に対する発光強度の傾向を示す図であり、図24は、側壁310のテーパ角に対する発光強度の傾向を示す図である。
以上のように、本開示の各実施形態によれば、屈折率の違いから、側壁310と保護膜350との界面がレンズのように機能することから、発光層304から放射された光を、当該発光層304の直上に位置するカラーフィルタ360及びレンズ370に導くことができる。従って、本実施形態においては、発光層304から放射された光の一部が、当該発光層304の直上に位置するカラーフィルタ360ではなく隣接するカラーフィルタ360を透過し、その直上に位置するレンズ370へ集光されてしまうことを防ぐことができる。その結果、本実施形態によれば、発光層304から放射された光を所望のレンズ370により集光することができることから、発光装置10の光の取り出し効率を向上させることができ、さらには混色等の問題の発生を抑制することができる。なお、上述した本開示の第1の実施形態及び第2の実施形態は、その一部または全部を組み合わせて実施してもよい。
続いて、図25から図28を参照して、本開示の実施形態に係る発光装置10の適用例について説明する。図25から図28は、本開示の実施形態に係る発光装置10が適用され得る電子機器の一例を示す外観図である。
以上、添付図面を参照しながら本開示の好適な実施形態について詳細に説明したが、本開示の技術的範囲はかかる例に限定されない。本開示の技術分野における通常の知識を有する者であれば、請求の範囲に記載された技術的思想の範疇内において、各種の変更例または修正例に想到し得ることは明らかであり、これらについても、当然に本開示の技術的範囲に属するものと了解される。
(1)
半導体基板上にマトリックス状に配置された複数の発光素子を備え、
第1の保護膜に覆われるように設けられた前記各発光素子は、
第1の電極、前記第1の電極上に設けられた発光層、前記発光層上に設けられた第2の電極、及び、前記第2の電極上に設けられた第2の保護膜からなる積層と、
前記第1の保護膜を形成する材料と屈折率が異なる材料から形成され、前記積層の側面の少なくとも一部を覆う側壁と、
を有し、
前記側壁は、前記積層方向の上から下に沿って、前記第2の電極の上面よりも上の位置から、前記発光層の上面よりも下の位置まで延伸する、
発光装置。
(2)
前記第2の電極と、前記第1及び第2の保護膜と、前記側壁は、光を透過する材料で形成される、上記(1)に記載の発光装置。
(3)
前記側壁は、前記積層方向の上から下に沿って、前記発光層の下面の位置まで延伸する、上記(1)又は(2)に記載の発光装置。
(4)
前記側壁は、前記積層方向の上から下に沿って、前記第1の電極の上面の下の位置まで延伸する、上記(1)に記載の発光装置。
(5)
前記側壁は、前記積層方向の下から上に沿って、前記第2の保護膜の上面の上の位置まで延伸する、上記(1)~(4)のいずれか1つに記載の発光装置。
(6)
前記側壁は、前記第1の保護膜を形成する材料と比べて、屈折率が高い材料から形成される、上記(1)~(5)のいずれか1つに記載の発光装置。
(7)
前記側壁は、前記第2の保護膜を形成する材料と比べて、屈折率が同等又は低い材料から形成される、上記(6)に記載の発光装置。
(8)
前記側壁は、2.5以下の屈折率を持つ材料から形成される、上記(7)に記載の発光装置。
(9)
前記積層方向に沿って前記発光素子を切断した断面において、前記側壁は、略半円状、略台形状、略直角三角形状、略4分円形状、矩形状のうちのいずれか1つの形状を持つ、上記(1)~(8)のいずれか1つに記載の発光装置。
(10)
一の前記発光素子の前記側壁は、隣り合う他の前記発光素子の前記側壁と分断されるように設けられる、上記(1)~(9)のいずれか1つに記載の発光装置。
(11)
一の前記発光素子の前記側壁は、隣り合う他の前記発光素子の前記側壁と接続されるように設けられる、上記(1)~(9)のいずれか1つに記載の発光装置。
(12)
前記積層方向に沿って前記発光素子を切断した断面において、前記第2の保護膜は、上方に円弧を持つ略半円状の断面を持つ、上記(1)~(11)のいずれか1つに記載の発光装置。
(13)
前記第2の保護膜は、当該第2の保護膜を貫き、前記第2の電極を露出させるホールを有し、
前記第2の電極は、少なくとも前記第2の保護膜の上面の一部と前記ホールの内壁の一部とを覆う共通電極に電気的に接続されている、
上記(1)~(12)のいずれか1つに記載の発光装置。
(14)
前記積層方向に沿って前記発光素子を切断した断面において、前記第2の電極は、略凹形状を持つ、上記(1)~(13)のいずれか1つに記載の発光装置。
(15)
前記第1の保護膜は、互いに隣り合う前記発光素子の間に埋め込まれる、上記(1)~(14)のいずれか1つに記載の発光装置。
(16)
前記第1の保護膜の上方に前記各発光素子に対応するように設けられた複数のレンズをさらに備える、上記(1)~(15)のいずれか1つに記載の発光装置。
(17)
前記各レンズの下方に前記各発光素子に対応するように設けられた複数のカラーフィルタをさらに備える、上記(16)に記載の発光装置。
(18)
前記発光層は、白色光、赤色光、緑色光、及び青色光のうちの少なくとも1つの光を放射する、上記(1)~(17)のいずれか1つに記載の発光装置。
(19)
前記複数の発光素子は、赤色光、緑色光、及び青色光をそれぞれ放射し、
異なる色の光を放射する前記複数の発光素子は、矩形状、三角形状、又は、ストライプ状に前記半導体基板上に配置される、上記(1)~(17)のいずれか1つに記載の発光装置。
(20)
1つ又は複数の発光装置を搭載する電子機器であって、
前記発光装置は、
半導体基板上にマトリックス状に配置された複数の発光素子を備え、
第1の保護膜に覆われるように設けられた前記各発光素子は、
第1の電極、前記第1の電極上に設けられた発光層、前記発光層上に設けられた第2の電極、及び、前記第2の電極上に設けられた第2の保護膜からなる積層と、
前記第1の保護膜を形成する材料と屈折率が異なる材料から形成され、前記積層の側面の少なくとも一部を覆う側壁と、
を有し、
前記側壁は、前記積層方向の上から下に沿って、前記第2の電極の上面よりも上の位置から、前記発光層の上面よりも下の位置まで延伸する、
電子機器。
20 発光部
30 周辺回路部
33 走査回路
34 発光制御トランジスタ制御回路
35 画像信号出力回路
36 第1電流供給部
37 第2電流供給部
40 駆動回路部
50 パッド
100、200 半導体基板
300、300b、300g、300r、300w 発光素子
302 アノード電極
304 発光層
306 カソード電極
308、308a、308b、350 保護膜
310 側壁
320 共通電極
322 ホール
330 素子分離膜
352 閉塞膜
354 空隙
360 カラーフィルタ
370 レンズ
380 対向ガラス
400、402、404 レジスト
600 スマートフォン
602、802、902 表示部
700 デジタルカメラ
702 本体部
704 モニタ部
706 EVF
800 HMD
804 耳掛け部
900 テレビジョン装置
Claims (20)
- 半導体基板上にマトリックス状に配置された複数の発光素子を備え、
第1の保護膜に覆われるように設けられた前記各発光素子は、
第1の電極、前記第1の電極上に設けられた発光層、前記発光層上に設けられた第2の電極、及び、前記第2の電極上に設けられた第2の保護膜からなる積層と、
前記第1の保護膜を形成する材料と屈折率が異なる材料から形成され、前記積層の側面の少なくとも一部を覆う側壁と、
を有し、
前記側壁は、前記積層方向の上から下に沿って、前記第2の電極の上面よりも上の位置から、前記発光層の上面よりも下の位置まで延伸する、
発光装置。 - 前記第2の電極と、前記第1及び第2の保護膜と、前記側壁は、光を透過する材料で形成される、請求項1に記載の発光装置。
- 前記側壁は、前記積層方向の上から下に沿って、前記発光層の下面の位置まで延伸する、請求項1に記載の発光装置。
- 前記側壁は、前記積層方向の上から下に沿って、前記第1の電極の上面の下の位置まで延伸する、請求項1に記載の発光装置。
- 前記側壁は、前記積層方向の下から上に沿って、前記第2の保護膜の上面の上の位置まで延伸する、請求項1に記載の発光装置。
- 前記側壁は、前記第1の保護膜を形成する材料と比べて、屈折率が高い材料から形成される、請求項1に記載の発光装置。
- 前記側壁は、前記第2の保護膜を形成する材料と比べて、屈折率が同等又は低い材料から形成される、請求項6に記載の発光装置。
- 前記側壁は、2.5以下の屈折率を持つ材料から形成される、請求項7に記載の発光装置。
- 前記積層方向に沿って前記発光素子を切断した断面において、前記側壁は、略半円状、略台形状、略直角三角形状、略4分円形状、矩形状のうちのいずれか1つの形状を持つ、請求項1に記載の発光装置。
- 一の前記発光素子の前記側壁は、隣り合う他の前記発光素子の前記側壁と分断されるように設けられる、請求項1に記載の発光装置。
- 一の前記発光素子の前記側壁は、隣り合う他の前記発光素子の前記側壁と接続されるように設けられる、請求項1に記載の発光装置。
- 前記積層方向に沿って前記発光素子を切断した断面において、前記第2の保護膜は、上方に円弧を持つ略半円状の断面を持つ、請求項1に記載の発光装置。
- 前記第2の保護膜は、当該第2の保護膜を貫き、前記第2の電極を露出させるホールを有し、
前記第2の電極は、少なくとも前記第2の保護膜の上面の一部と前記ホールの内壁の一部とを覆う共通電極に電気的に接続されている、
請求項1に記載の発光装置。 - 前記積層方向に沿って前記発光素子を切断した断面において、前記第2の電極は、略凹形状を持つ、請求項1に記載の発光装置。
- 前記第1の保護膜は、互いに隣り合う前記発光素子の間に埋め込まれる、請求項1に記載の発光装置。
- 前記第1の保護膜の上方に前記各発光素子に対応するように設けられた複数のレンズをさらに備える、請求項1に記載の発光装置。
- 前記各レンズの下方に前記各発光素子に対応するように設けられた複数のカラーフィルタをさらに備える、請求項16に記載の発光装置。
- 前記発光層は、白色光、赤色光、緑色光、及び青色光のうちの少なくとも1つの光を放射する、請求項1に記載の発光装置。
- 前記複数の発光素子は、赤色光、緑色光、及び青色光をそれぞれ放射し、
異なる色の光を放射する前記複数の発光素子は、矩形状、三角形状、又は、ストライプ状に前記半導体基板上に配置される、請求項1に記載の発光装置。 - 1つ又は複数の発光装置を搭載する電子機器であって、
前記発光装置は、
半導体基板上にマトリックス状に配置された複数の発光素子を備え、
第1の保護膜に覆われるように設けられた前記各発光素子は、
第1の電極、前記第1の電極上に設けられた発光層、前記発光層上に設けられた第2の電極、及び、前記第2の電極上に設けられた第2の保護膜からなる積層と、
前記第1の保護膜を形成する材料と屈折率が異なる材料から形成され、前記積層の側面の少なくとも一部を覆う側壁と、
を有し、
前記側壁は、前記積層方向の上から下に沿って、前記第2の電極の上面よりも上の位置から、前記発光層の上面よりも下の位置まで延伸する、
電子機器。
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202280076861.0A CN118266284A (zh) | 2021-11-26 | 2022-11-14 | 发光装置和电子设备 |
| US18/711,067 US20250017082A1 (en) | 2021-11-26 | 2022-11-14 | Light emitting device and electronic device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2021192246 | 2021-11-26 | ||
| JP2021-192246 | 2021-11-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2023095658A1 true WO2023095658A1 (ja) | 2023-06-01 |
Family
ID=86539598
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2022/042213 Ceased WO2023095658A1 (ja) | 2021-11-26 | 2022-11-14 | 発光装置及び電子機器 |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250017082A1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN118266284A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2023095658A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20210113181A (ko) * | 2019-01-08 | 2021-09-15 | 소니 세미컨덕터 솔루션즈 가부시키가이샤 | 표시 장치 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10208883A (ja) * | 1996-11-20 | 1998-08-07 | Hokuriku Electric Ind Co Ltd | 発光装置とその製造方法 |
| JP2013114772A (ja) * | 2011-11-25 | 2013-06-10 | Canon Inc | 表示装置 |
| CN109509765A (zh) * | 2017-09-14 | 2019-03-22 | 黑牛食品股份有限公司 | 一种有机发光显示屏及其制造方法 |
| JP2021012251A (ja) * | 2019-07-04 | 2021-02-04 | シャープ福山セミコンダクター株式会社 | 画像表示素子 |
| WO2021201144A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-10-07 | ソニーグループ株式会社 | 表示装置および電子機器 |
-
2022
- 2022-11-14 WO PCT/JP2022/042213 patent/WO2023095658A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2022-11-14 CN CN202280076861.0A patent/CN118266284A/zh not_active Withdrawn
- 2022-11-14 US US18/711,067 patent/US20250017082A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10208883A (ja) * | 1996-11-20 | 1998-08-07 | Hokuriku Electric Ind Co Ltd | 発光装置とその製造方法 |
| JP2013114772A (ja) * | 2011-11-25 | 2013-06-10 | Canon Inc | 表示装置 |
| CN109509765A (zh) * | 2017-09-14 | 2019-03-22 | 黑牛食品股份有限公司 | 一种有机发光显示屏及其制造方法 |
| JP2021012251A (ja) * | 2019-07-04 | 2021-02-04 | シャープ福山セミコンダクター株式会社 | 画像表示素子 |
| WO2021201144A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-10-07 | ソニーグループ株式会社 | 表示装置および電子機器 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20250017082A1 (en) | 2025-01-09 |
| CN118266284A (zh) | 2024-06-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US11871611B2 (en) | Display unit with reflector layer and electronic apparatus | |
| JP7186620B2 (ja) | 表示装置、電子機器、及び表示装置の製造方法 | |
| CN112928147B (zh) | 显示面板及显示装置 | |
| US11075253B2 (en) | Organic light-emitting display device | |
| CN113540185B (zh) | 有机发光显示设备及其制造方法 | |
| CN106206648B (zh) | 有机发光显示装置及其制造方法 | |
| US11088355B2 (en) | Display unit with prevented current leakage, method of manufacturing the same, and method of manufacturing electronic apparatus | |
| TW201503352A (zh) | 顯示單元、製造顯示單元之方法、及電子裝置 | |
| JP2013054863A (ja) | 有機el表示装置、有機el表示装置の製造方法および電子機器 | |
| US20100252839A1 (en) | Display and method of manufacturing the same | |
| JP2016219125A (ja) | 発光素子及び表示装置 | |
| US12507539B2 (en) | Display substrate, manufacturing method thereof, and display device | |
| WO2019001362A1 (zh) | 显示基板及其制造方法、显示面板及显示装置 | |
| WO2023095658A1 (ja) | 発光装置及び電子機器 | |
| JP2009064703A (ja) | 有機発光表示装置 | |
| JP2011040277A (ja) | 表示装置およびその製造方法 | |
| CN115802824A (zh) | 显示装置 | |
| JP2012156136A (ja) | 有機発光表示装置 | |
| JP2009224118A (ja) | 有機発光素子の製造方法および有機発光表示装置、並びに自発光素子の製造方法および自発光表示装置 | |
| CN111162190A (zh) | 发光显示面板、发光显示面板的制作方法及显示装置 | |
| WO2025173569A1 (ja) | 発光装置及び電子機器 | |
| WO2025013622A1 (ja) | 表示装置及び表示装置の製造方法 | |
| CN119233696A (zh) | Oled显示面板及其制作方法、显示装置 | |
| JP2005116330A (ja) | 有機発光素子の製造方法および有機発光素子並びに表示装置 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22898442 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 18711067 Country of ref document: US |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202280076861.0 Country of ref document: CN |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 22898442 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP |