WO2023092486A1 - 安装拆卸组件、轴和轴承组件、安装方法及拆卸方法 - Google Patents

安装拆卸组件、轴和轴承组件、安装方法及拆卸方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023092486A1
WO2023092486A1 PCT/CN2021/133655 CN2021133655W WO2023092486A1 WO 2023092486 A1 WO2023092486 A1 WO 2023092486A1 CN 2021133655 W CN2021133655 W CN 2021133655W WO 2023092486 A1 WO2023092486 A1 WO 2023092486A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shaft
bearing
mounting
outer sleeve
dismounting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/133655
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩慧敏
克劳斯·齐默曼
托马斯·迪特里希
Original Assignee
舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
韩慧敏
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司, 韩慧敏 filed Critical 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/133655 priority Critical patent/WO2023092486A1/zh
Priority to CN202180100940.6A priority patent/CN117730211A/zh
Publication of WO2023092486A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023092486A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • F16C35/07—Fixing them on the shaft or housing with interposition of an element
    • F16C35/073—Fixing them on the shaft or housing with interposition of an element between shaft and inner race ring

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of installation and disassembly of shafts and bearings, in particular to an installation and disassembly assembly, a shaft and bearing assembly including the installation and disassembly assembly, and an installation method for installing a bearing on a shaft and dismounting a bearing from a shaft using the installation and disassembly assembly disassembly method.
  • the mechanical force may be transmitted through the rolling elements of the bearing, which may cause damage to the raceways of the inner ring and outer ring, resulting in a reduction in the life of the bearing;
  • the removal process can be quite difficult. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a means to prevent the bearing from being damaged during the bearing installation process and to facilitate the disassembly of the bearing.
  • the present application is made based on the defects of the above-mentioned prior art.
  • An object of the present application is to provide a new mounting and dismounting assembly, which can not only prevent the bearing from being damaged during the mounting process, but also facilitate the dismounting of the bearing by using the mounting and dismounting assembly.
  • Another object of the present application is to provide a shaft and bearing assembly comprising the above assembly and disassembly assembly.
  • Another object of the present application is to provide an installation method for installing a bearing and a dismounting method for dismounting a bearing by using the above-mentioned installation and disassembly assembly.
  • the present application provides a mounting and dismounting assembly for mounting a bearing on a shaft and dismounting the bearing from the shaft, the mounting and dismounting assembly includes:
  • the outer sleeve the outer peripheral surface of the outer sleeve is formed with a first mounting surface for installing the bearing, the inner peripheral surface of the outer sleeve is formed with a first conical surface, and the first conical surface faces the radial direction extending along the axial direction of the installation and removal assembly to one end of the outer sleeve in the axial direction while extending outside;
  • the inner sleeve, the inner peripheral surface of the inner sleeve is formed with a second mounting surface for being installed on the shaft
  • the outer peripheral surface of the inner sleeve is formed with a threaded part and a second conical surface
  • the threaded part is located at On one axial end side of the second conical surface
  • the second conical surface extends radially inward from the threaded portion and extends along the axial direction to the other axial end of the inner sleeve.
  • a support ring the support ring is threadedly engaged with the threaded portion, and the support ring and the inner sleeve can move relatively in the axial direction while maintaining the threaded engagement.
  • the installation and disassembly assembly further includes a lock nut, and the lock nut is used to threadably engage with the shaft so as to limit the outer sleeve at the other axial end of the outer sleeve. The axial position of the sleeve relative to the shaft.
  • the installation and disassembly assembly further includes locking bolts,
  • the inner peripheral surface of the lock nut is formed with an annular groove extending in the circumferential direction of the installation and removal assembly, and the lock nut abuts against the shaft when the installation and removal assembly is installed on the shaft.
  • the locking nut is formed with a mounting hole extending along the axial direction, the mounting hole extends through the annular groove, and the locking bolt is installed in the mounting hole for locking the locking The axial position of the nut relative to the shaft.
  • the outer sleeve is formed with a first stepped structure, the bottom surface of the first stepped structure is the first installation surface, and the first stepped structure and the support ring are used to to define the axial position of the bearing.
  • the support ring is formed with a second stepped structure, and the bottom surface of the second stepped structure is a third mounting surface for supporting the bearing.
  • an inner oil groove is formed on the first conical surface of the outer sleeve, and the inner oil groove opens toward the radially inner side, and an inner oil groove corresponding to the inner oil groove is formed inside the outer sleeve.
  • the oil supply passage communicated with the inner oil tank.
  • the inner oil groove includes a circumferential oil groove and a plurality of axial oil grooves, and the plurality of axial oil grooves are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the installation and removal assembly, and each of the The axial oil grooves extend along the axial direction, and the circumferential oil grooves extend continuously along the circumferential direction and communicate with each of the axial oil grooves.
  • the inner sleeve is formed with a plurality of grooves on the second installation surface, and the plurality of grooves are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the installation and removal assembly, Each of the grooves opens radially inward and extends along the axial direction.
  • the support ring is formed with a fixing hole penetrating along the axial direction, and the fixing hole faces an axial end surface of the inner sleeve,
  • the installation and disassembly assembly further includes a fixing piece, which passes through the fixing hole and abuts against an axial end surface of the inner sleeve, so that the inner sleeve and the support ring are relatively fixed.
  • the outer sleeve is formed with a first disassembly hole extending along the axial direction
  • the lock nut is formed with a second disassembly hole matching with the first disassembly hole
  • the second disassembly hole passes through the lock nut along the axial direction
  • the second disassembly hole can be aligned with the first disassembly hole by rotating the lock nut relative to the shaft.
  • the support ring is formed with a third disassembly hole extending along the axial direction, and the second disassembly hole can be aligned with the second disassembly hole by rotating the lock nut relative to the shaft.
  • the third removal holes are aligned.
  • the present application also provides the following shaft and bearing assembly, which includes a shaft, a bearing, and the installation and disassembly assembly described in any one of the above technical solutions, the outer sleeve, inner sleeve and A support ring is located at least partially between the shaft and the bearing, the bearing being mounted to and detached from the shaft via the mounting and demounting assembly.
  • a shaft oil supply passage is formed inside the shaft, and the oil outlet of the shaft oil supply passage is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft and faces the second inner sleeve. Two mounting surfaces.
  • the shaft is formed with a shaft shoulder, and the shaft shoulder abuts against the support ring, so that the shaft shoulder axially limits the installation and disassembly assembly.
  • the present application also provides an installation method for installing the secondary bearing on the shaft by using the installation and disassembly assembly described in any one of the above technical solutions, including the following steps:
  • the support ring is threadedly engaged with the inner sleeve, and the length of thread engagement between the support ring and the inner sleeve is adjusted so that there is a gap between the bearing and the support ring axial limit surface of the support ring. a predetermined axial clearance before securing the support ring to the inner sleeve;
  • hydraulic oil is supplied between the first conical surface and the second conical surface through an oil supply passage of the outer sleeve.
  • the lock nut of the installation and disassembly assembly is installed On the shaft, hold the lock nut against the outer sleeve.
  • the present application also provides a dismounting method for dismounting a bearing from a shaft using the mounting and dismounting assembly described in some of the solutions above, including the following steps:
  • the present application also provides a dismounting method for dismounting a bearing from a shaft by using the installation and disassembly assembly described in any one of the above technical solutions, including the following steps:
  • the outer sleeve and the bearing are separated from the outer sleeve by using a screw threaded through a lock nut fixed to the shaft or a dismounting plate abutting against the shaft and screwed into the first dismounting hole of the outer sleeve. the shaft is removed; and
  • the inner sleeve is then detached from the shaft by means of a screw threaded through the lock nut or the demounting plate and screwed into the third demounting hole of the support ring.
  • hydraulic oil is supplied between the shaft and the inner sleeve through the shaft oil supply passage of the shaft .
  • the installation and disassembly assembly includes an outer sleeve, an inner sleeve and a support ring.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the outer sleeve is formed with a first mounting surface for mounting the bearing
  • the inner peripheral surface of the outer sleeve is formed with a first conical surface, and the first conical surface extends radially outward and is along the axial direction of the installation and disassembly assembly. Extends to the axial end of the outer sleeve.
  • the inner peripheral surface of the inner sleeve is formed with a second mounting surface for mounting on the shaft
  • the outer peripheral surface of the inner sleeve is formed with a threaded portion and a second conical surface
  • the threaded portion is located at one axial end side of the second conical surface
  • the second The conical surface extends radially inward from the threaded portion and at the same time extends axially to the other end of the inner sleeve in the axial direction, in a state where the second conical surface is located radially inward of the first conical surface and is in contact with the first conical surface
  • the support ring is threadedly engaged with the threaded part, and the support ring and the inner sleeve can move relative to each other in the axial direction while maintaining the threaded engagement.
  • the bearing is pre-installed on the outer sleeve and installed by sliding the first conical surface of the outer sleeve on the second conical surface of the inner sleeve.
  • the first conical surface of the outer sleeve can also be used to slide on the second conical surface of the inner sleeve to facilitate disassembly.
  • FIG. 1A is a perspective view showing the structure of an installation and detachment assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1B is a perspective view showing the structure of an outer sleeve of the mounting and detaching assembly in FIG. 1A .
  • FIG. 1C is a perspective view showing the structure of the inner sleeve of the installation and detachment assembly in FIG. 1A .
  • FIG. 1D is a perspective view showing the structure of the support ring of the installation and detachment assembly in FIG. 1A .
  • FIG. 1E is a perspective view showing the structure of a lock nut of the installation and removal assembly in FIG. 1A .
  • FIG. 2A to FIG. 2F are schematic diagrams for explaining a method for installing a bearing by using an installation and disassembly assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are schematic diagrams for explaining a dismounting method for dismounting a bearing by using the mounting and dismounting assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B are schematic diagrams for explaining another dismounting method for dismounting a bearing by using the mounting and dismounting assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • outer sleeve, inner sleeve, support ring and lock nut of the installation and disassembly assembly are all rotating bodies with a central axis, and these components are assembled in a coaxial manner.
  • axial unless otherwise specified, “axial”, “radial” and “circumferential” respectively refer to the axial, radial and circumferential directions of the entire installation and disassembly assembly in an assembled state.
  • radially inner refers to the side radially close to the central axis of the mounting and detachable assembly
  • radially outer refers to the side radially away from the central axis of the mounting and detachable assembly.
  • an installation and disassembly assembly according to an embodiment of the present application includes an outer sleeve 1 , an inner sleeve 2 , a support ring 3 , a lock nut 4 and a lock bolt 5 (for example, see FIG. 2E ). .
  • the outer sleeve 1 is formed in a cylindrical shape.
  • the outer sleeve 1 includes a first large-diameter portion 11 and a first small-diameter portion 12 connected to each other, and the outer diameter of the first large-diameter portion 11 is greater than the outer diameter of the first small-diameter portion 12 .
  • a first stepped structure is formed on the outer periphery of the outer sleeve 1 by the first large-diameter portion 11 and the first small-diameter portion 12 .
  • the outer peripheral surface of the outer sleeve 1 is formed with a first cylindrical surface 1s1 (an example of a first mounting surface) for mounting the bearing BE, and the first cylindrical surface 1s1 serves as a bottom surface of the first stepped structure. Furthermore, at the first small-diameter portion 12, the inner peripheral surface of the outer sleeve 1 is formed with a first conical surface 1s2 extending radially outward and extending along the axial direction A to the end of the outer sleeve 1. One axial end (the first small-diameter portion 12 or the end of the outer sleeve 1 away from the first large-diameter portion 11 ). That is, the inner diameter of the portion of the outer sleeve 1 corresponding to the first conical surface 1s2 becomes gradually larger toward one axial end thereof.
  • an inner oil groove is formed on the first conical surface 1s2 of the outer sleeve 1 .
  • the inner oil groove is open towards the radially inner side but closed in other directions.
  • the inner oil groove includes a plurality of axial oil grooves 1c1 and one circumferential oil groove 1c2.
  • Each axial oil groove 1c1 extends along (including substantially along) the axial direction A, and a plurality of axial oil grooves 1c1 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the outer sleeve 1 .
  • the circumferential oil grooves 1c2 extend continuously along the entire circumference in the circumferential direction to connect the plurality of axial oil grooves 1c1 together.
  • an oil supply passage 1 p communicating with the inner oil tank is also formed inside the outer sleeve 1 .
  • the oil supply passage 1p is provided with an oil inlet 1h1 at the first large diameter portion 11 and an oil outlet 1h2 in the inner oil groove.
  • the oil outlet 1h2 may be arranged in the axial oil groove 1c1 or the circumferential oil groove 1c2, preferably near the intersection of the two.
  • the oil supply passage 1p may include an axial passage and a radial passage communicating with each other. It can be understood that a part of the oil supply passage 1p close to the oil inlet 1h1 may be formed with threads connected with the oil supply pipeline of the oil supply device. In this way, supplying hydraulic oil through the oil supply passage 1p can provide oil pressure and form an oil film between the first conical surface 1s2 and the second conical surface 2s2, thereby facilitating the connection between the outer sleeve 1 and the inner sleeve 2 during the installation and disassembly process. relative motion between them.
  • the outer sleeve 1 is formed with a plurality of first removal holes 1h3 on the end face of the outer sleeve 1 (the end away from the first small-diameter portion 12 ).
  • a plurality of first dismounting holes 1h3 are uniformly distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction, and each first dismounting hole 1h3 is formed with an internal thread threadedly engaged with a dismounting tool.
  • a second detachment hole 4h2 described later of the lock nut 4 can be opposed to the first detachment hole 1h3, thereby attaching a detachment tool to the second detachment hole 4h2 and the first detachment hole 1h3.
  • the inner sleeve 2 is formed in a cylindrical shape.
  • the inner sleeve 2 includes a threaded portion 21 and a tapered portion 22 connected to each other.
  • the threaded portion 21 is located at one axial end of the tapered portion 22 .
  • the outer diameter of the threaded portion 21 is larger than the maximum outer diameter of the tapered portion 22 .
  • the outer peripheral surface of the inner sleeve 2 is formed with an external thread for threaded engagement with the support ring 3 .
  • the outer peripheral surface of the inner sleeve 2 forms a second conical surface 2s2, and the second conical surface 2s2 extends from the threaded portion 21 toward the radially inner side while extending to the other end in the axial direction of the inner sleeve 2 (cone). shaped part 22 or the end of the inner sleeve 2 away from the threaded part 21). That is to say, the outer diameter of the tapered portion 22 gradually decreases from the threaded portion 21 toward the other axial end of the inner sleeve 2 .
  • the inclination angle of the second conical surface 2s2 relative to the axial direction A is the same as that of the first conical surface 1s2 relative to the axis.
  • the angle of inclination towards A is the same.
  • the inner sleeve 2 and the outer sleeve 1 can move relative to each other in the axial direction A when the second conical surface 2s2 is located on the radial inner side of the first conical surface 1s2 and cooperates with the first conical surface 1s2.
  • the inner peripheral surface of the inner sleeve 2 is formed with a second cylindrical surface 2s1 (an example of a second mounting surface) for mounting to the shaft SH.
  • a plurality of grooves 2c are formed on the second cylindrical surface 2s1 of the inner sleeve 2 .
  • a plurality of grooves 2c are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the inner sleeve 2, each groove 2c extends along (including substantially along) the axial direction A, and each groove 2c is open toward the radially inner side and is open on the other side. closed in the direction.
  • the end surface of the inner sleeve 2 at one axial end corresponds to the following fixing hole 3h1 of the support ring 3 .
  • the installation and disassembly assembly also includes a fixing member 33 such as a bolt.
  • the fixing member 33 is inserted through the fixing hole 3h1, the fixing member 33 is threadedly engaged with the support ring 3, and the fixing member 33 abuts against one axial end of the inner sleeve 2 The end face, so that the inner sleeve 2 and the support ring 3 can be relatively fixed.
  • the support ring 3 is formed in a cylindrical shape.
  • the support ring 3 includes a second large-diameter portion 31 and a second small-diameter portion 32 connected to each other, and the outer diameter of the second large-diameter portion 31 is larger than the outer diameter of the second small-diameter portion 32 .
  • a second stepped structure is formed on the outer periphery of the support ring 3 by the second large-diameter portion 31 and the second small-diameter portion 32 .
  • the outer peripheral surface of the support ring 3 is formed with a third cylindrical surface 3s (an example of a third mounting surface) for mounting the bearing BE, the third cylindrical surface 3s serving as the bottom surface of the second stepped structure. While the bottom surfaces (the first cylindrical surface 1s1 and the third cylindrical surface 3s) of both the second stepped structure and the first stepped structure support the bearing BE, the large diameter portions (the first cylindrical surface 3s) of both the second stepped structure and the first stepped structure The large diameter portion 11 and the third large diameter portion 31) also serve to define the axial position of the bearing BE.
  • the surface of the first large-diameter portion 11 facing toward one end side in the axial direction may be referred to as an axial limit surface of the outer sleeve
  • the surface of the third large-diameter portion 31 facing toward the other end side in the axial direction (the left side in FIG. 2E ) is called the axial limit surface of the support ring
  • the axial limit surface of the outer sleeve and the axial limit surface of the support ring define the axial position of the bearing BE.
  • the inner peripheral surface of the support ring 3 is also formed with an internal thread corresponding to the external thread of the threaded part 21 of the inner sleeve 2, so that the support ring 3 can be threadedly engaged with the inner sleeve 2, and then the support ring 3 can be axially A is installed on the threaded part 21 in a manner capable of moving relative to the inner sleeve 2 .
  • the support ring 3 is formed with a plurality of fixing holes 3h1 penetrating along the axial direction A, and these fixing holes 3h1 are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.
  • the support ring 3 is formed with internal threads in the fixing hole 3h1 for screwing engagement with the external threads of the fixing piece 33 .
  • each fixing hole 3h1 faces the end surface of the inner sleeve 2 at one axial end, so that the fixing piece 33 passing through the fixing holes 3h1 can abut against the end surface of the inner sleeve 2 at one axial end.
  • the support ring 3 is formed with a third dismounting hole 3h2 penetrating along the axial direction A, and a plurality of third dismounting holes 3h2 are evenly distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction, and each third dismounting hole 3h2 Both are formed with internal threads for threaded engagement with a removal tool.
  • a second detachment hole 4h2 described later of the lock nut 4 can be opposed to the third detachment hole 3h2, thereby attaching a detachment tool to the second detachment hole 4h2 and the third detachment hole 3h2.
  • the inner peripheral surface of the lock nut 4 is formed with internal threads threadedly engaged with the shaft SH so that the lock nut 4 can be threadedly engaged with the shaft SH.
  • the lock nut 4 will abut against the outer sleeve 1 when the installation and removal assembly is installed on the shaft SH, and is used to define the axial position of the outer sleeve 1 relative to the shaft SH.
  • the inner peripheral surface of the lock nut 4 is formed with an annular groove 4c extending continuously along the entire circumference in the circumferential direction. Make the inner thread of the lock nut 4 disconnected. As shown in FIG.
  • the lock nut 4 is formed with a mounting hole 4h1 extending along the axial direction A, and the mounting hole 4h1 extends through the ring groove 4c.
  • the part of the mounting hole 4h1 located at one axial end of the ring groove 4c may be threaded, and the part of the mounting hole 4h1 located at the other axial end of the ring groove 4c may not be threaded, as shown in Figure 2E , the lock bolt 5 is installed into the installation hole 4h1 and threadedly engaged with the installation hole 4h1, so that the parts on both sides of the ring groove 4c of the lock nut 4 clamp the thread of the shaft SH, thereby limiting the lock nut 4 relative to the shaft SH.
  • the axial position that is, makes the lock nut 4 relatively fixed to the shaft SH.
  • the lock nut 4 is formed with a second disassembly hole 4h2 cooperating with the first disassembly hole 1h3 and the third disassembly hole 3h2, and the second disassembly hole 4h2 penetrates the lock nut 4 along the axial direction A .
  • the second removal hole 4h2 can be aligned with the first removal hole 1h3 of the outer sleeve 1 or the third removal hole 3h2 of the support ring 3, so that the removal tool can be attached to the second removal tool.
  • the bearing BE is mounted on the first cylindrical surface 1s1 of the outer sleeve 1 .
  • the bearing BE and the outer sleeve 1 need to be installed together through interference fit, so the bearing BE needs to be heated or the outer sleeve 1 needs to be cooled before installation.
  • the outer sleeve 1 is placed on a horizontal installation support surface, and then a pair of thrust bearings BE are installed on the first cylindrical surface 1s1 of the outer sleeve 1 from the vertical direction.
  • the ribs of the bearings BE are positioned against the first stepped structure of the outer sleeve 1 (against the first large diameter portion 11 ). After the above assembly is completed, the assembly composed of the bearing BE and the outer sleeve 1 is placed at room temperature.
  • the inner sleeve 2 is installed into the outer sleeve 1 .
  • the inner sleeve 2 is installed vertically into the assembly of the bearing BE and the outer sleeve 1 placed on a horizontal installation support surface, so that the first conical surface 1s2 and the second conical surface 2s2 cooperate with each other.
  • the inner sleeve 2 can be pressed into the outer sleeve 1 for a certain distance in the vertical direction, but it must be ensured that the inner sleeve
  • the inner diameter of the barrel 2 is still larger than the outer diameter of the shaft SH to be mounted.
  • the support ring 3 is installed on the inner sleeve 2 , and the two are threadedly engaged.
  • the first conical surface 1s2 of the outer sleeve 1 is determined according to the actual size of the detection point on the inspection report of the outer sleeve 1 and the inner sleeve 2
  • the relative position when it is in surface contact with the second conical surface 2s2 of the inner sleeve 2 push the outer sleeve 1 to make the outer sleeve 1 and the inner sleeve 2 in a predetermined relative position, so that the distance between the inner sleeve 2 and the shaft SH
  • the advancing distance is the axial distance between the rib of the bearing BE shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C and the second stepped structure (second large diameter portion 31 ) of the support ring 3 .
  • the rib of the bearing BE is in contact with the second stepped structure of the support ring 3, it can be ensured that the inner sleeve 2 and the shaft SH achieve the required interference fit.
  • the relative position of the support ring 3 and the inner sleeve 2 must be adjusted.
  • the relative position needs to be adjusted according to the actual size of the shaft diameter to ensure that each component (that is, the shaft SH , the inner sleeve 2, the outer sleeve 1, the inner ring of the bearing) to achieve an interference fit in the subsequent installation steps.
  • each component that is, the shaft SH , the inner sleeve 2, the outer sleeve 1, the inner ring of the bearing
  • the above adjustment process is limited by parameters such as the maximum tangential stress allowed by the material of the inner ring of the bearing and its geometric dimensions.
  • the thread engagement length of the internal thread of the support ring 3 and the external thread of the inner sleeve 2 can be adjusted through the adjustment handle shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 2A .
  • FIG. 2A shows a schematic diagram of the components after the above-mentioned installation process is completed.
  • the entire assembly relies on the shoulder of the support ring 3 and the shaft SH for axial positioning. Since the inner diameter of the outer sleeve 1 is slightly larger than the shaft diameter, the inner sleeve 2, the support ring 3 and the shaft SH are all in this step. Clearance fit, so the process does not require any auxiliary devices to achieve the above installation process.
  • a hydraulic nut and a hydraulic pump connector are installed on the shaft SH.
  • the hydraulic nut is used to apply an axial thrust to the outer sleeve 1 until the rib of the bearing BE contacts the second large-diameter portion 31 of the support ring 3 .
  • oil pressure is provided between the first conical surface 1s2 of the outer sleeve 1 and the second conical surface 2s2 of the inner sleeve 2 through the inner oil groove on the first conical surface 1s2 of the outer sleeve 1 and an oil film is formed, The friction force between the first conical surface 1s2 and the second conical surface 2s2 is reduced, thereby reducing the axial thrust.
  • Whether the bearing BE is installed in place can be judged by detecting the distance from the end face of the outer sleeve 1 to the end face of the shaft SH (the left end face in FIG. 2C ). After judging that the installation is in place, the hydraulic nut needs to maintain the pressure for a predetermined time; otherwise, the hydraulic nut needs to be pushed forward, and then the hydraulic nut is repeatedly used to apply an axial thrust to the outer sleeve 1 .
  • the hydraulic nut and the hydraulic pump connector are removed, and the oil inlet 1h1 of the outer sleeve 1 and the oil inlet of the shaft SH (located on the end face of the axial end of the shaft SH) are respectively connected to each other with a cap. ) sealed to prevent foreign matter from entering the inside of the bearing BE.
  • the shaft and bearing assembly according to the present application can be obtained through the above installation method.
  • the shaft and bearing assembly includes a shaft SH, a bearing BE and a mounting and dismounting assembly assembled together.
  • the outer sleeve 1, the inner sleeve 2 and the support ring 3 are located at least partially between the shaft SH and the bearing BE, the lock nut 4 and the shaft shoulder of the shaft SH are used to define the outer sleeve 1, the inner sleeve 2, the support ring 3 and the axial position of the assembly formed by the bearing BE.
  • the shaft SH is formed with a shaft oil supply passage op, the oil inlet of the shaft oil supply passage op is located on the end surface of one axial end of the shaft SH, and the oil outlet is located on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft SH and the second end of the inner sleeve 2.
  • the part where the two cylindrical surfaces 2s1 are opposite can provide oil pressure and form an oil film between the outer peripheral surface of the shaft SH and the second cylindrical surface 2s1 of the inner sleeve 2 during disassembly, which is beneficial to the inner sleeve 2 and the shaft.
  • the relative movement of SH and SH along the axial direction A facilitates the disassembly of the inner sleeve.
  • a detachment method for detaching the bearing BE from the shaft SH using the mounting and demounting assembly will be described below with reference to FIGS. 3A , 3B, 4A and 4B.
  • the lock bolt 5 and the caps of the outer sleeve 1 and the shaft SH are disassembled.
  • the lock nut 4 is rotated from the threaded part of the shaft end to the direction of releasing the thread engagement, so that a certain distance is ensured between the end surface of the lock nut 4 and the end surface of the outer sleeve 1, which is used as the outer sleeve 1 and the bearing BE Dismantling space for components such as
  • Use tools such as a torque wrench to act on the nut at the free end of the screw rod TR, and by turning the nut, the screw rod TR drives the outer sleeve 1 to disengage the outer sleeve 1 from the inner sleeve 2 .
  • the hydraulic pump connector, nut, screw rod TR and lock nut 4 are disassembled sequentially, and then the outer sleeve 1, bearing BE, bearing seat SE and end cover CO are disassembled as components.
  • the hydraulic oil can protect the shaft SH from being damaged when disassembling the inner sleeve 2, and make the disassembly process easier .
  • a tool such as a torque wrench to act on the nut at the end of the screw TR, turn the nut to make the screw TR drive the inner sleeve 2, remove the inner sleeve 2 and the support ring 3 for a certain distance, and connect the hydraulic pump connector, nut,
  • the screw TR and the lock nut 4 are disassembled in sequence, and finally the inner sleeve 2 and the support ring 3 can be disassembled from the shaft SH by hand. In this way, the entire disassembly process is completed.
  • a disassembly plate can also be used instead of the locking nut 4 during the disassembly process. If the disassembly load exerted by the nut is not large enough, a jack can also be installed between the disassembly plate and the shaft end to disengage the bearing BE and the outer sleeve 1 from the tapered surface of the inner sleeve 2.
  • the mounting and dismounting assembly according to the present application can be used for mounting and dismounting between different types of bearings and shafts.
  • the mounting and dismounting process is simple and easy to implement, and the bearing will not be damaged during the mounting and dismounting process.
  • first installation surface of the outer sleeve 1, the second installation surface of the inner sleeve 2, and the third installation surface of the support ring 3 are all cylindrical surfaces in the above specific embodiments, the present invention Applications are not limited to this.
  • the specific shapes of the first installation surface, the second installation surface and the third installation surface can be correspondingly set as required.
  • disassembly process can be realized conveniently by using the screw nut mechanism passing through the corresponding disassembly holes, such disassembly process is very convenient and quick , and will not cause any damage to the bearing BE and shaft SH.
  • the support ring 3 can omit the small-diameter portion 32 , that is to say, the support ring 3 only needs to axially limit the bearing BE, and does not have to support the bearing BE from the radially inner side.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种安装拆卸组件，其包括外套筒（1）、内套筒（2）和支撑环（3），外套筒（1）的外周面形成有用于安装轴承（BE）的第一安装面（1s1），外套筒（1）的内周面形成有第一圆锥面（1s2），内套筒（2）的内周面形成有用于安装于轴（SH）的第二安装面（2s1），内套筒（2）的外周面形成有螺纹部（21）和第二圆锥面（2s2），支撑环（3）与螺纹部（21）螺纹接合。通过将轴承（BE）预先安装于外套筒（1）上并且通过第一圆锥面（1s2）在第二圆锥面（2s2）上滑动来实现安装，避免了安装过程中轴承受损且便于拆卸。还提供了包括该安装拆卸组件的轴和轴承组件，以及利用该安装拆卸组件的安装方法及拆卸方法。

Description

安装拆卸组件、轴和轴承组件、安装方法及拆卸方法 技术领域
本申请涉及轴和轴承的安装拆卸领域，特别地涉及一种安装拆卸组件及包括该安装拆卸组件的轴和轴承组件，以及利用该安装拆卸组件将轴承安装于轴的安装方法和从轴拆卸轴承的拆卸方法。
背景技术
在现有技术中，对于例如推力轴承等的轴承，使用时通常将轴承直接安装到轴上，但是这种在轴上直接安装轴承的方法存在以下问题。
一方面，当采用上述方法安装轴承时，机械作用力可能会经过轴承的滚动体进行传递，因而可能导致内圈和外圈的滚道损伤，导致轴承寿命降低；另一方面，当需要从轴拆卸轴承时，拆卸过程会相当困难。因此，亟需一种在轴承安装过程中防止轴承受损且便于拆卸轴承的手段。
发明内容
基于上述现有技术的缺陷而做出了本申请。本申请的一个目的在于提供一种新型的安装拆卸组件，其不仅能够在安装过程中防止轴承受损，而且利用该安装拆卸组件便于拆卸轴承。本申请的另一个目的在于提供一种包括上述安装拆卸组件的轴和轴承组件。本申请的又一个目的在于提供利用上述安装拆卸组件安装轴承的安装方法和拆卸轴承的拆卸方法。
为了实现上述发明目的，本申请采用如下的技术方案。
本申请提供了一种如下的安装拆卸组件，其用于将轴承安装于轴和从所述轴拆卸所述轴承，所述安装拆卸组件包括：
外套筒，所述外套筒的外周面形成有用于安装所述轴承的第一安装面， 所述外套筒的内周面形成有第一圆锥面，所述第一圆锥面朝向径向外侧延伸的同时沿着所述安装拆卸组件的轴向延伸到所述外套筒的轴向一端；
内套筒，所述内套筒的内周面形成有用于安装于所述轴的第二安装面，所述内套筒的外周面形成有螺纹部和第二圆锥面，所述螺纹部位于所述第二圆锥面的轴向一端侧，所述第二圆锥面从所述螺纹部朝向径向内侧延伸的同时沿着所述轴向延伸到所述内套筒的轴向另一端，在所述第二圆锥面位于所述第一圆锥面的径向内侧且与所述第一圆锥面接触的状态下，所述内套筒和所述外套筒在所述轴向上能够相对运动；以及
支撑环，所述支撑环与所述螺纹部螺纹接合，所述支撑环和所述内套筒能够在保持螺纹接合的状态下在所述轴向上相对运动。
在一种可选的方案中，所述安装拆卸组件还包括锁止螺母，所述锁止螺母用于与所述轴螺纹接合，以在所述外套筒的轴向另一端限定所述外套筒相对于所述轴的轴向位置。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述安装拆卸组件还包括锁止螺栓，
所述锁止螺母的内周面形成有沿着所述安装拆卸组件的周向延伸的环槽，在所述安装拆卸组件安装于所述轴的状态下所述锁止螺母抵靠于所述外套筒，
所述锁止螺母形成有沿着所述轴向延伸的安装孔，所述安装孔延伸通过所述环槽，所述锁止螺栓安装到所述安装孔中，用于锁止所述锁止螺母相对于所述轴的轴向位置。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述外套筒形成有第一台阶结构，所述第一台阶结构的底面为所述第一安装面，所述第一台阶结构和所述支撑环用于限定所述轴承的轴向位置。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述支撑环形成有第二台阶结构，所述第二台 阶结构的底面为用于支撑所述轴承的第三安装面。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述外套筒在所述第一圆锥面上形成有内油槽，所述内油槽朝向径向内侧开放，所述外套筒的内部还形成有与所述内油槽连通的供油通路。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述内油槽包括周向油槽和多条轴向油槽，所述多条轴向油槽在所述安装拆卸组件的周向上间隔开地布置，每条所述轴向油槽沿着所述轴向延伸，所述周向油槽沿着所述周向连续地延伸并与每条所述轴向油槽连通。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述内套筒在所述第二安装面上形成有多条凹槽，所述多条凹槽在所述安装拆卸组件的周向上间隔开地布置，每条所述凹槽朝向径向内侧开放且沿着所述轴向延伸。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述支撑环形成有沿着所述轴向贯通的固定孔，所述固定孔面对所述内套筒的轴向一端面，
所述安装拆卸组件还包括固定件，所述固定件穿过所述固定孔并抵靠所述内套筒的轴向一端面，使得所述内套筒和所述支撑环相对固定。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述外套筒形成有沿着所述轴向延伸的第一拆卸孔，所述锁止螺母形成有与所述第一拆卸孔配合的第二拆卸孔，所述第二拆卸孔沿着所述轴向贯通所述锁止螺母，通过相对于所述轴转动所述锁止螺母能够使得所述第二拆卸孔与所述第一拆卸孔对准。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述支撑环形成有沿着所述轴向延伸的第三拆卸孔，通过相对于所述轴转动所述锁止螺母能够使得所述第二拆卸孔与所述第三拆卸孔对准。
本申请还提供了一种如下的轴和轴承组件，其包括轴、轴承和以上技术方案中任意一项技术方案所述的安装拆卸组件，所述安装拆卸组件的外套 筒、内套筒和支撑环至少部分地位于所述轴和所述轴承之间，所述轴承经由所述安装拆卸组件安装于所述轴以及从所述轴拆卸所述轴承。
在一种可选的方案中，所述轴的内部形成有轴供油通路，所述轴供油通路的出油口设置在所述轴的外周面，并且面对所述内套筒的第二安装面。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述轴形成有轴肩，所述轴肩与所述支撑环抵靠，使得所述轴肩对所述安装拆卸组件进行轴向限位。
本申请还提供了一种利用以上技术方案中任意一项技术方案所述的安装拆卸组件将从轴承安装于轴的安装方法，包括如下步骤：
将所述轴承套装固定于所述外套筒的第一安装面，使得所述轴承抵靠所述外套筒的第一台阶结构；
将所述内套筒插入所述外套筒中，使得所述第二圆锥面与所述第一圆锥面接触；
将所述支撑环与所述内套筒螺纹接合，调节所述支撑环与所述内套筒的螺纹接合长度，使得所述轴承与所述支撑环的支撑环轴向限位面之间具有预定的轴向间隙，之后使所述支撑环与所述内套筒固定；
将所述外套筒、所述内套筒、所述支撑环和所述轴承构成的组件套装于所述轴，使得所述支撑环抵靠所述轴的轴肩；
推动所述外套筒，使得所述外套筒和所述轴承在所述轴向上相对于所述内套筒运动，最终使所述轴承沿着所述轴向抵靠于所述支撑环的所述支撑环轴向限位面。
在一种可选的方案中，在推动所述外套筒的过程中，经由所述外套筒的供油通路向所述第一圆锥面和所述第二圆锥面之间供给液压油。
在另一种可选的方案中，在最终使所述轴承沿着所述轴向抵靠于所述支撑环的支撑环轴向限位面之后，将所述安装拆卸组件的锁止螺母安装于所述 轴，使所述锁止螺母抵靠所述外套筒。
本申请还提供了一种利用上述一些方案所述的安装拆卸组件从轴拆卸轴承的拆卸方法，包括如下步骤：
在向所述外套筒的供油通路供给液压油的状态下，使所述外套筒与所述内套筒分离，将所述外套筒从所述轴拆卸下来。
本申请还提供了一种利用以上技术方案中任意一项技术方案所述的安装拆卸组件从轴拆卸轴承的拆卸方法，包括如下步骤：
利用穿过固定于所述轴的锁止螺母或抵接于所述轴的拆卸板且旋入所述外套筒的第一拆卸孔的螺杆，使得所述外套筒和所述轴承从所述轴拆卸下来；以及
然后利用穿过所述锁止螺母或所述拆卸板且旋入所述支撑环的第三拆卸孔的螺杆，使得所述内套筒从所述轴拆卸下来。
在一种可选的方案中，在将所述内套筒从所述轴拆卸下来的过程中，通过所述轴的轴供油通路向所述轴和所述内套筒之间供给液压油。
通过采用上述技术方案，本申请提供了一种新型的安装拆卸组件，其用于将轴承安装于轴和从轴拆卸轴承。该安装拆卸组件包括外套筒、内套筒和支撑环。外套筒的外周面形成有用于安装轴承的第一安装面，外套筒的内周面形成有第一圆锥面，第一圆锥面朝向径向外侧延伸的同时沿着安装拆卸组件的轴向延伸到外套筒的轴向一端。内套筒的内周面形成有用于安装于轴的第二安装面，内套筒的外周面形成有螺纹部和第二圆锥面，螺纹部位于第二圆锥面的轴向一端侧，第二圆锥面从螺纹部朝向径向内侧延伸的同时沿着轴向延伸到内套筒的轴向另一端，在第二圆锥面位于第一圆锥面的径向内侧且与第一圆锥面接触的状态下，内套筒和外套筒在轴向上能够相对运动。支撑环与螺纹部螺纹接合，支撑环和内套筒能够在保持螺纹接合的状态下在轴向 上相对运动。
这样，在将轴承安装于轴的过程中，轴承预先安装于外套筒上并且通过外套筒的第一圆锥面在内套筒的第二圆锥面上滑动来实现安装。由此，在安装过程中，避免了如背景技术中说明的由于滚动体传递机械作用力而导致轴承的内圈和外圈的滚道受损的情况。而且，当需要进行拆卸时，同样利用外套筒的第一圆锥面在内套筒的第二圆锥面上滑动就能够方便地进行拆卸。
附图说明
图1A是示出了根据本申请的一实施例的安装拆卸组件的结构的立体图。
图1B是示出了图1A中的安装拆卸组件的外套筒的结构的立体图。
图1C是示出了图1A中的安装拆卸组件的内套筒的结构的立体图。
图1D是示出了图1A中的安装拆卸组件的支撑环的结构的立体图。
图1E是示出了图1A中的安装拆卸组件的锁止螺母的结构的立体图。
图2A至图2F是用于说明利用根据本申请的一实施例的安装拆卸组件安装轴承的安装方法的示意图。
图3A和图3B是用于说明利用根据本申请的一实施例的安装拆卸组件拆卸轴承的一种拆卸方法的示意图。
图4A和图4B是用于说明利用根据本申请的一实施例的安装拆卸组件拆卸轴承的另一种拆卸方法的示意图。
附图标记说明
1外套筒 11第一大径部 12第一小径部 1s1第一圆柱面(第一安装面) 1s2第一圆锥面 1c1轴向油槽 1c2周向油槽 1p供油通路 1h1进油口 1h2出油口 1h3第一拆卸孔
2内套筒 21螺纹部 22锥状部 2s1第二圆柱面(第二安装面) 2s2第二圆锥面 2c凹槽
3支撑环 31第二大径部 32第二小径部 33固定件 3s第三圆柱面(第三安装面) 3h1固定孔 3h2第三拆卸孔
4锁止螺母 4c环槽 4h1安装孔 4h2第二拆卸孔
5锁止螺栓
SH轴 op轴供油通路 BE轴承 CO端盖 SE轴承座 TR螺杆
A轴向 R径向。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图描述本申请的示例性实施例。应当理解，这些具体的说明仅用于示教本领域技术人员如何实施本申请，而不用于穷举本申请的所有可行的方式，也不用于限制本申请的范围。
根据本申请的安装拆卸组件的外套筒、内套筒、支撑环和锁止螺母均为具有中心轴线的旋转体，且这些部件以同轴的方式组装。在本申请中，如无特殊说明，“轴向”、“径向”和“周向”分别是指处于组装状态下的安装拆卸组件整体的轴向、径向和周向。另外，“径向内侧”是指在径向上接近安装拆卸组件的中心轴线的那侧，“径向外侧”是指在径向上远离安装拆卸组件的中心轴线的那侧。
以下将结合说明书附图说明根据本申请的一实施例的安装拆卸组件的结构。
(根据本申请的一实施例的安装拆卸组件的结构)
根据本申请的一实施例的安装拆卸组件用于将轴承BE安装于轴SH上以及从轴SH拆卸轴承BE，能够实现便于实施安装拆卸过程的情况下防止轴承BE受损。如图1A至图1E所示，根据本申请的一实施例的安装拆卸组件包括外套筒1、内套筒2、支撑环3、锁止螺母4和锁止螺栓5(例如参见图2E)。
在本实施例中，如图1A和图1B所示，外套筒1形成为圆筒形状。外套筒1包括彼此相连的第一大径部11和第一小径部12，第一大径部11的外径大于第一小径部12的外径。由此，通过第一大径部11和第一小径部12，在外套筒1的外周形成有第一台阶结构。在第一小径部12处，外套筒1的外周面形成有用于安装轴承BE的第一圆柱面1s1(第一安装面的示例)，第一圆柱面1s1作为第一台阶结构的底面。而且，在第一小径部12处，外套筒1的内周面形成有第一圆锥面1s2，第一圆锥面1s2朝向径向外侧延伸的同时沿着轴向A延伸到外套筒1的轴向一端(第一小径部12或者说外套筒1的远离第一大径部11的那端)。也就是说，外套筒1的与第一圆锥面1s2对应的部分的内径朝向其轴向一端逐渐变大。
进一步地，由于外套筒1和内套筒2两者将在外套筒1的第一圆锥面1s2与内套筒2的下述第二圆锥面2s2配合的状态下相对运动(滑动)，为了有利于这种相对运动，如图1B所示，外套筒1的第一圆锥面1s2上形成有内油槽。内油槽朝向径向内侧开放但在其它方向上封闭。内油槽包括多条轴向油槽1c1和一条周向油槽1c2。每条轴向油槽1c1沿着(包括大致沿着)轴向A延伸，多条轴向油槽1c1在外套筒1的周向上间隔开地布置。周向油槽1c2沿着周向在整周上连续地延伸，以将多条轴向油槽1c1连通在一起。如图1B、图2B、图2C和图2E所示，外套筒1的内部还形成有与内油槽连通的供油通路1p。供油通路1p在第一大径部11处设置有进油口1h1并且在内油槽中设置有出油口1h2。出油口1h2可以设置在轴向油槽1c1或周向油槽1c2中，优选地设置在两者的交汇的部位附近。供油通路1p可以包括彼此连通的轴向通路和径向通路。可以理解，供油通路1p的靠近进油口1h1的一部分可以形成有与供油装置的供油管路连接的螺纹。这样，通过供油通路1p供给液压油，能够在第一圆锥面1s2和第二圆锥面2s2之间提供油压且形成油膜，从而有利于在安装拆 卸过程中外套筒1和内套筒2之间的相对运动。
进一步地，为了方便与拆卸工具(下述的螺杆TR，参见图3A)连接，如图1B、图3A和图4A所示，在外套筒1的轴向另一端(第一大径部11或外套筒1的远离第一小径部12的那端)的端面，外套筒1形成有多个第一拆卸孔1h3。多个第一拆卸孔1h3在周向上间隔开地均匀分布，每个第一拆卸孔1h3均形成有与拆卸工具螺纹接合的内螺纹。通过在轴SH上转动锁止螺母4能够使得锁止螺母4的下述第二拆卸孔4h2与第一拆卸孔1h3相对，从而将拆卸工具安装于第二拆卸孔4h2和第一拆卸孔1h3。
在本实施例中，如图1A和图1C所示，内套筒2形成为圆筒形状。内套筒2包括彼此相连的螺纹部21和锥状部22，螺纹部21位于锥状部22的轴向一端侧，螺纹部21的外径大于锥状部22的最大外径。在螺纹部21处，内套筒2的外周面形成有用于与支撑环3螺纹接合的外螺纹。在锥状部22处，内套筒2的外周面形成第二圆锥面2s2，第二圆锥面2s2从螺纹部21朝向径向内侧延伸的同时延伸到内套筒2的轴向另一端(锥状部22或内套筒2的远离螺纹部21的那端)。也就是说，锥状部22的外径从螺纹部21朝向内套筒2的轴向另一端逐渐减小。而且，为了使得内套筒2的第二圆锥面2s2和外套筒1的第一圆锥面1s2形状配合，第二圆锥面2s2相对于轴向A的倾斜角度与第一圆锥面1s2相对于轴向A的倾斜角度相同。这样，在第二圆锥面2s2位于第一圆锥面1s2的径向内侧且与第一圆锥面1s2配合的状态下，内套筒2与外套筒1能够在轴向A上进行相对运动。内套筒2的内周面形成有用于安装于轴SH的第二圆柱面2s1(第二安装面的示例)。
进一步地，为了改善内套筒2的弹性变形能力，如图1C所示，内套筒2的第二圆柱面2s1上形成有多条凹槽2c。多条凹槽2c在内套筒2的周向上间隔开地布置，每条凹槽2c沿着(包括大致沿着)轴向A延伸，而且每条凹槽2c 朝向径向内侧开放且在其它方向上封闭。
进一步地，如图2A所示，内套筒2的轴向一端(螺纹部21或内套筒2的远离锥状部22的那端)的端面与支撑环3的下述固定孔3h1对应。安装拆卸组件还包括例如螺栓的固定件33，在固定件33插入穿过固定孔3h1的状态下，固定件33与支撑环3螺纹接合，并且固定件33抵靠内套筒2的轴向一端的端面，使得内套筒2和支撑环3能够相对固定。
在本实施例中，如图1A和图1D所示，支撑环3形成为圆筒形状。支撑环3包括彼此相连的第二大径部31和第二小径部32，第二大径部31的外径大于第二小径部32的外径。由此，通过第二大径部31和第二小径部32在支撑环3的外周形成有第二台阶结构。在第二小径部32处，支撑环3的外周面形成有用于安装轴承BE的第三圆柱面3s(第三安装面的示例)，第三圆柱面3s作为第二台阶结构的底面。在第二台阶结构和第一台阶结构两者的底面(第一圆柱面1s1和第三圆柱面3s)支撑轴承BE的同时，第二台阶结构和第一台阶结构两者的大径部(第一大径部11和第三大径部31)还用于限定轴承BE的轴向位置。这里，可以将第一大径部11的朝向轴向一端侧的面称为外套筒轴向限位面，将第三大径部31的朝向轴向另一端侧(图2E中的左侧)的端面称为支撑环轴向限位面，外套筒轴向限位面和支撑环轴向限位面限定轴承BE的轴向位置。另外，支撑环3的内周面还形成有与内套筒2的螺纹部21的外螺纹对应的内螺纹，使得支撑环3能够与内套筒2螺纹接合，进而支撑环3以在轴向A上能够相对于内套筒2运动的方式安装于螺纹部21。
进一步地，如图1D所示，支撑环3形成有多个沿着轴向A贯通的固定孔3h1，这些固定孔3h1在周向上均匀分布。支撑环3在固定孔3h1中形成有内螺纹，用于与固定件33的外螺纹螺纹接合。另外，每个固定孔3h1都面向内套筒2的轴向一端的端面，使得穿过固定孔3h1的固定件33能够抵靠内套筒2的 轴向一端的端面。
进一步地，如图1D所示，支撑环3形成有沿着轴向A贯通的第三拆卸孔3h2，多个第三拆卸孔3h2在周向上间隔开地均匀分布，每个第三拆卸孔3h2均形成有与拆卸工具螺纹接合的内螺纹。通过在轴SH上转动锁止螺母4能够使得锁止螺母4的下述第二拆卸孔4h2与第三拆卸孔3h2相对，从而将拆卸工具安装于第二拆卸孔4h2和第三拆卸孔3h2。
在本实施例中，如图1A和图1E所示，锁止螺母4的内周面形成有与轴SH螺纹接合的内螺纹，从而锁止螺母4能够与轴SH螺纹接合。如图2E所示，在安装拆卸组件安装于轴SH的状态下锁止螺母4将抵靠于外套筒1，用于限定外套筒1相对于轴SH的轴向位置。另外，锁止螺母4的内周面形成有沿着周向在整周上连续地延伸的环槽4c，环槽4c朝向径向内侧开放且朝向径向外侧凹陷，环槽4c在轴向A上使锁止螺母4的内螺纹断开。如图1E所示，锁止螺母4形成有沿着轴向A延伸的安装孔4h1，安装孔4h1延伸通过环槽4c。具体地，安装孔4h1的位于环槽4c的轴向一端侧的部分可以形成有螺纹，安装孔4h1的位于环槽4c的轴向另一端侧的部分可以不形成螺纹这样，如图2E所示，锁止螺栓5安装到安装孔4h1中并与安装孔4h1螺纹接合，使得锁止螺母4的环槽4c两侧的部分夹紧轴SH的螺纹，从而限定锁止螺母4相对于轴SH的轴向位置，也就是使得锁止螺母4与轴SH相对固定。
进一步地，如图1E所示，锁止螺母4形成有与第一拆卸孔1h3和第三拆卸孔3h2配合的第二拆卸孔4h2，第二拆卸孔4h2沿着轴向A贯通锁止螺母4。通过在轴SH上转动锁止螺母4，能够使得第二拆卸孔4h2与外套筒1的第一拆卸孔1h3或支撑环3的第三拆卸孔3h2对准，从而能够将拆卸工具安装于第二拆卸孔4h2和第一拆卸孔1h3中或者安装于第二拆卸孔4h2和第三拆卸孔3h2中。
以下将结合图2A至图2F说明利用上述安装拆卸组件将轴承BE安装于轴 SH的安装方法。
(安装方法)
在以下的安装方法中，以将一对推力轴承BE安装于轴SH为例来说明利用上述安装拆卸组件的安装方法。
首先，如图2A所示，将轴承BE安装到外套筒1的第一圆柱面1s1上。具体地，轴承BE和外套筒1需要通过过盈配合安装在一起，因此在进行安装之前需要将轴承BE加热或者将外套筒1冷却。之后，将外套筒1放置在水平的安装支撑面上，再将一对推力轴承BE从竖直方向安装到外套筒1的第一圆柱面1s1上。在将一对推力轴承BE安装到位之后，轴承BE的挡边抵靠外套筒1的第一台阶结构处(抵靠第一大径部11)进行定位。完成以上装配之后，将轴承BE和外套筒1构成的组件放置至常温。
进一步地，如图2A所示，将内套筒2安装到外套筒1中。具体地，将内套筒2从竖直方向安装到放置在水平的安装支撑面上的轴承BE和外套筒1构成的组件中，使得第一圆锥面1s2和第二圆锥面2s2彼此配合。而且，为了保证在运输过程中内套筒2不会和外套筒1脱开，可以将内套筒2在竖直方向上向外套筒1中压进一定的距离，但要保证内套筒2的内径仍然大于待安装的轴SH的外径。
进一步地，如图2A所示，将支撑环3安装到内套筒2上，两者之间进行螺纹接合。在内套筒2与支撑环3之间进行螺纹接合之后，一方面，根据外套筒1和内套筒2的检测报告上检测点的实际尺寸，确定外套筒1的第一圆锥面1s2和内套筒2的第二圆锥面2s2实现面接触时的相对位置，推动外套筒1使外套筒1和内套筒2处于预定的相对位置，使得内套筒2和轴SH之间达到实现间隙配合所需的间隙量；另一方面，根据支撑环3以及轴承BE的检测报告上的实际宽度尺寸，调整内套筒2的外螺纹和支撑环3的内螺纹的螺纹接合长度，来 保证在随后的安装步骤中外套筒1在内套筒2上的推进距离。该推进距离即是图2A至图2C中所示轴承BE的挡边与支撑环3的第二台阶结构(第二大径部31)之间的轴向间距。在轴承BE的挡边与支撑环3的第二台阶结构接触时，可以保证内套筒2与轴SH达到实现过盈配合所需的过盈量。
需要注意的是，如果轴径实际尺寸超差，则必须调整支撑环3和内套筒2的相对位置，该相对位置需要根据轴径的实际尺寸进行调整，以确保各个部件(也就是轴SH、内套筒2、外套筒1、轴承内圈)之间在随后的安装步骤中达到过盈配合。需要说明的是，上述调整过程受轴承内圈材料允许的最大切向应力和其几何尺寸等参数限制。支撑环3的内螺纹和内套筒2的外螺纹的螺纹接合长度可以通过图1A和图2A中所示的调节手柄进行调整。在支撑环3的位置确定之后拆掉调节手柄，并用例如为锁紧螺钉的固定件33使支撑环3与内套筒2相对固定。图2A示出了完成上述安装过程之后的组件的示意图。
其次，如图2B所示，如果需要安装轴承座SE，则调转(即，上下翻转)完成上述安装过程之后的组件，将其安装在放置于水平的安装支撑面上的轴承座SE中，然后安装端盖CO，再用螺栓将端盖CO和轴承座SE连接在一起，最终得到如图2B所示的组件。随后，将轴承BE、外套筒1、内套筒2、支撑环3、轴承座SE和端盖CO构成的组件从水平方向或竖直方向安装到轴SH上，直至支撑环3的第二大径部31的轴向端面与轴SH的轴肩抵靠。整个组件依靠支撑环3与轴SH的轴肩抵靠进行轴向定位，由于外套筒1的内径的尺寸稍大于轴径，内套筒2以及支撑环3与轴SH在该步骤中均为间隙配合，所以该过程不需要任何的辅助装置就能够实现上述安装过程。
进一步地，如图2C和图2D所示，在轴SH上安装液压螺母以及液压泵连接器。液压螺母用于对外套筒1施加轴向推力，直至轴承BE的挡边和支撑环3的第二大径部31接触。在上述过程中，通过外套筒1的第一圆锥面1s2上的内 油槽在外套筒1的第一圆锥面1s2和内套筒2的第二圆锥面2s2之间提供油压且形成油膜，降低第一圆锥面1s2和第二圆锥面2s2之间的摩擦力，从而降低轴向推力。可以通过检测外套筒1的端面到轴SH的端面(图2C中的左侧端面)的距离，来判断轴承BE是否安装到位。在判断安装到位之后，液压螺母需要保压预定时间；否则需要液压螺母继续推进，然后重复利用液压螺母对外套筒1施加轴向推力。在液压螺母保压完成之后，将液压螺母以及液压泵连接器拆掉，并用盖帽分别将外套筒1的进油口1h1和轴SH的进油口(位于轴SH的轴向一端的端面上)封住，以防异物进入到轴承BE内部。
最后，如图2E和图2F所示，将锁止螺母4安装到轴SH的端部处，使锁止螺母4的端面至少80％的面积和外套筒1的端面抵靠，最后用锁止螺栓5锁止锁止螺母4，使得锁止螺母4与轴SH相对固定，从而配合轴肩对外套筒1、内套筒2、支撑环3和轴承BE构成的组件进行轴向限位。这样，完成了整个安装过程。
通过以上的安装方法能够得到根据本申请的轴和轴承组件。
(根据本申请的轴和轴承组件的结构)
如图2E和图2F所示，根据本申请的轴和轴承组件包括组装在一起的轴SH、轴承BE和安装拆卸组件。外套筒1、内套筒2和支撑环3至少部分地位于轴SH和轴承BE之间，锁止螺母4和轴SH的轴肩用于限定外套筒1、内套筒2、支撑环3和轴承BE构成的组件的轴向位置。
进一步地，轴SH形成有轴供油通路op，轴供油通路op的进油口位于轴SH的轴向一端的端面上，出油口位于轴SH的外周面的与内套筒2的第二圆柱面2s1相对的部位，从而能够在拆卸的过程中在轴SH的外周面和内套筒2的第二圆柱面2s1之间提供油压并形成油膜，从而有利于内套筒2和轴SH两者沿着轴向A的相对运动，进而有利于拆卸内套筒。
以下将结合图3A、图3B、图4A和图4B说明利用安装拆卸组件从轴SH拆卸轴承BE的拆卸方法。
(拆卸方法)
在以下的拆卸方法中，以通过上述安装方法安装得到的轴和轴承组件为例来说明利用安装拆卸组件的拆卸方法。
在一种拆卸方法中，如图3A所示，首先，拆卸锁止螺栓5以及外套筒1和轴SH的盖帽。然后，将锁止螺母4从轴端螺纹处向解除螺纹接合的方向旋转，使得锁止螺母4的端面和外套筒1的端面之间保证一定的间距，用作外套筒1和轴承BE等构成的组件的拆卸空间。
进一步地，将液压泵连接器安装到外套筒1的进油口1h1处，对外套筒1泵液压油，为外套筒1的第一圆锥面1s2和内套筒2的第二圆锥面2s2之间提供油压并形成油膜。如果液压油产生的作用力不足以将外套筒1拆卸，如图3A所示，将轴向锁止螺母4的第二拆卸孔4h2与外套筒1的第一拆卸孔1h3对准，将螺杆TR穿过锁止螺母4的第二拆卸孔4h2旋入外套筒1的第一拆卸孔1h3中，这样螺杆TR穿过未形成螺纹的第二拆卸孔4h2，进而与第一拆卸孔1h3螺纹接合。然后在螺杆TR的自由端部旋入螺母。利用力矩扳手等工具作用在螺杆TR的自由端部的螺母上，通过转动螺母使得螺杆TR带动外套筒1，使外套筒1从内套筒2脱开。之后，将液压泵连接器、螺母，螺杆TR和锁止螺母4依次拆卸下来，再将外套筒1、轴承BE、轴承座SE和端盖CO构成组件拆卸下来。
进一步地，如果内套筒2和支撑环3不能徒手直接拆卸，如图3B所示，将锁止螺母4重新安装到轴端上，将锁止螺母4的第二拆卸孔4h2与支撑环3的第三拆卸孔3h2对中。将螺杆TR穿过锁止螺母4的第二拆卸孔4h2旋入支撑环3的第三拆卸孔3h2中，这样螺杆TR穿过未形成螺纹的第二拆卸孔4h2，进而与第三拆卸孔3h2螺纹接合。随后将螺母旋入螺杆TR的自由端部。之后，将液 压泵连接器安装到轴供油通路op的进油口处，对轴SH泵液压油，液压油可以保护轴SH在拆卸内套筒2时不被损坏，并且使拆卸过程更容易。利用力矩扳手等工具作用在螺杆TR的端部的螺母上，通过转动螺母使得螺杆TR带动内套筒2，将内套筒2和支撑环3拆下一段距离，将液压泵连接器、螺母、螺杆TR、锁止螺母4依次拆卸下来，最后可以徒手将内套筒2和支撑环3从轴SH上拆卸下来。这样，完成了整个拆卸过程。
在另一种可选的拆卸方法中，如图4A和图4B所示，在拆卸过程中也可以用拆卸板替代锁止螺母4。如果螺母施加的拆卸载荷不够大，也可以在拆卸板和轴端之间安装千斤顶，将轴承BE和外套筒1从内套筒2的锥面上脱开。
本申请不限于上述实施例，本领域技术人员在本申请的教导下可以对本申请的上述实施例做出各种变型，而不脱离本申请的范围。另外，还进行以下说明。
i.可以理解，根据本申请的安装拆卸组件可以用于不同类型的轴承和轴之间的安装拆卸。当利用根据本申请的安装拆卸组件时，安装拆卸过程简单且易于实现，而且在安装拆卸过程中都不会对轴承造成损坏。
ii.可以理解，虽然在以上的具体实施例中说明了外套筒1的第一安装面、内套筒2的第二安装面以及支撑环3的第三安装面均为圆柱面，但是本申请不限于此。可以根据需要来对应设置第一安装面、第二安装面和第三安装面的具体形状。
iii.可以理解，由于在利用根据本申请的安装拆卸组件进行安装和拆卸的过程中，只有一对相对滑动的面(第一圆锥面1s2和第二圆锥面2s2)，因而不会对轴承BE和轴SH造成任何损伤。而且，通过调节支撑环3和内套筒2的相对位置关系就能够预先限定外套筒1在内套筒2上的滑动距离，因而可以预先设定，方便安装。进一步地，通过在外套筒1、支撑环3和锁止螺母4上设 置对应的拆卸孔，能够方便地利用穿过对应的拆卸孔的螺杆螺母机构来实现拆卸过程，这样的拆卸过程非常方便快捷，而且不会对轴承BE和轴SH造成任何损伤。
iv.可以理解，支撑环3可以省略小径部32，也就是说支撑环3只要对轴承BE进行轴向限位，而不必须从径向内侧支撑轴承BE。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种安装拆卸组件，其用于将轴承(BE)安装于轴(SH)和从所述轴(SH)拆卸所述轴承(BE)，所述安装拆卸组件包括：
    外套筒(1)，所述外套筒(1)的外周面形成有用于安装所述轴承(BE)的第一安装面(1s1)，所述外套筒(1)的内周面形成有第一圆锥面(1s2)，所述第一圆锥面(1s2)朝向径向外侧延伸的同时沿着所述安装拆卸组件的轴向(A)延伸到所述外套筒(1)的轴向一端；
    内套筒(2)，所述内套筒(2)的内周面形成有用于安装于所述轴的第二安装面(2s1)，所述内套筒(2)的外周面形成有螺纹部(21)和第二圆锥面(2s2)，所述螺纹部(21)位于所述第二圆锥面(2s2)的轴向一端侧，所述第二圆锥面(2s2)从所述螺纹部(21)朝向径向内侧延伸的同时沿着所述轴向(A)延伸到所述内套筒(2)的轴向另一端，在所述第二圆锥面(2s2)位于所述第一圆锥面(1s2)的径向内侧且与所述第一圆锥面(1s2)接触的状态下，所述内套筒(2)和所述外套筒(1)在所述轴向(A)上能够相对运动；以及
    支撑环(3)，所述支撑环(3)与所述螺纹部(21)螺纹接合，所述支撑环(3)和所述内套筒(2)能够在保持螺纹接合的状态下在所述轴向(A)上相对运动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的安装拆卸组件，其特征在于，所述安装拆卸组件还包括锁止螺母(4)，所述锁止螺母(4)用于与所述轴(SH)螺纹接合，以在所述外套筒(1)的轴向另一端限定所述外套筒(1)相对于所述轴(SH)的轴向位置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的安装拆卸组件，其特征在于，所述安装拆卸组件还包括锁止螺栓(5)，
    所述锁止螺母(4)的内周面形成有沿着所述安装拆卸组件的周向延伸 的环槽(4c)，在所述安装拆卸组件安装于所述轴(SH)的状态下所述锁止螺母(4)抵靠于所述外套筒(1)，
    所述锁止螺母(4)形成有沿着所述轴向(A)延伸的安装孔(4h1)，所述安装孔(4h1)延伸通过所述环槽(4c)，所述锁止螺栓(5)安装到所述安装孔(4h1)中，用于锁止所述锁止螺母(4)相对于所述轴(SH)的轴向位置。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的安装拆卸组件，其特征在于，所述外套筒(1)形成有第一台阶结构，所述第一台阶结构的底面为所述第一安装面(1s1)，所述第一台阶结构和所述支撑环(3)用于限定所述轴承(BE)的轴向位置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的安装拆卸组件，其特征在于，所述支撑环(3)形成有第二台阶结构，所述第二台阶结构的底面为用于支撑所述轴承(BE)的第三安装面(3s)。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的安装拆卸组件，其特征在于，所述外套筒(1)在所述第一圆锥面(1s2)上形成有内油槽，所述内油槽朝向径向内侧开放，所述外套筒(1)的内部还形成有与所述内油槽连通的供油通路(1p)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的安装拆卸组件，其特征在于，所述内油槽包括周向油槽(1c2)和多条轴向油槽(1c1)，所述多条轴向油槽(1c1)在所述安装拆卸组件的周向上间隔开地布置，每条所述轴向油槽(1c1)沿着所述轴向(A)延伸，所述周向油槽(1c2)沿着所述周向连续地延伸并与每条所述轴向油槽(1c1)连通。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的安装拆卸组件，其特征在于，所述内套筒(2)在所述第二安装面(2s1)上形成有多条凹槽(2c)，所述多条凹 槽(2c)在所述安装拆卸组件的周向上间隔开地布置，每条所述凹槽(2c)朝向径向内侧开放且沿着所述轴向(A)延伸。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的安装拆卸组件，其特征在于，所述支撑环(3)形成有沿着所述轴向(A)贯通的固定孔(3h1)，所述固定孔(3h1)面对所述内套筒(2)的轴向一端面，
    所述安装拆卸组件还包括固定件(33)，所述固定件(33)穿过所述固定孔(3h1)并抵靠所述内套筒(2)的轴向一端面，使得所述内套筒(2)和所述支撑环(3)相对固定。
  10. 根据权利要求2或3所述安装拆卸组件，其特征在于，所述外套筒(1)形成有沿着所述轴向(A)延伸的第一拆卸孔(1h3)，所述锁止螺母(4)形成有与所述第一拆卸孔(1h3)配合的第二拆卸孔(4h2)，所述第二拆卸孔(4h2)沿着所述轴向(A)贯通所述锁止螺母(4)，通过相对于所述轴(SH)转动所述锁止螺母(4)能够使得所述第二拆卸孔(4h2)与所述第一拆卸孔(1h3)对准。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的安装拆卸组件，其特征在于，所述支撑环(3)形成有沿着所述轴向(A)延伸的第三拆卸孔(3h2)，通过相对于所述轴(SH)转动所述锁止螺母(4)能够使得所述第二拆卸孔(4h2)与所述第三拆卸孔(3h2)对准。
  12. 一种轴和轴承组件，其包括轴(SH)、轴承(BE)和权利要求1至11中任一项所述的安装拆卸组件，所述安装拆卸组件的外套筒(1)、内套筒(2)和支撑环(3)至少部分地位于所述轴(SH)和所述轴承(BE)之间，所述轴承(BE)经由所述安装拆卸组件安装于所述轴(SH)以及从所述轴拆卸所述轴承(BE)。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的轴和轴承组件，其特征在于，所述轴(SH) 的内部形成有轴供油通路(op)，所述轴供油通路(op)的出油口设置在所述轴(SH)的外周面，并且面对所述内套筒(2)的第二安装面(2s1)。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的轴和轴承组件，其特征在于，所述轴(SH)形成有轴肩，所述轴肩与所述支撑环(3)抵靠，使得所述轴肩对所述安装拆卸组件进行轴向限位。
  15. 一种利用权利要求1至11中任一项所述的安装拆卸组件将从轴承安装于轴的安装方法，包括如下步骤：
    将所述轴承(BE)套装固定于所述外套筒(1)的第一安装面(1s1)，使得所述轴承(BE)抵靠所述外套筒(1)的第一台阶结构；
    将所述内套筒(2)插入所述外套筒(1)中，使得所述第二圆锥面(2s2)与所述第一圆锥面(1s2)接触；
    将所述支撑环(3)与所述内套筒(2)螺纹接合，调节所述支撑环(3)与所述内套筒(2)的螺纹接合长度，使得所述轴承(BE)与所述支撑环(3)的支撑环轴向限位面之间具有预定的轴向间隙，之后使所述支撑环(3)与所述内套筒(2)固定；
    将所述外套筒(1)、所述内套筒(2)、所述支撑环(3)和所述轴承(BE)构成的组件套装于所述轴(SH)，使得所述支撑环(3)抵靠所述轴(SH)的轴肩；
    推动所述外套筒(1)，使得所述外套筒(1)和所述轴承(BE)在所述轴向(A)上相对于所述内套筒(2)运动，最终使所述轴承(BE)沿着所述轴向(A)抵靠于所述支撑环(3)的所述支撑环轴向限位面。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的安装方法，其特征在于，在推动所述外套筒(1)的过程中，经由所述外套筒(1)的供油通路(1p)向所述第一圆锥面(1s2)和所述第二圆锥面(2s2)之间供给液压油。
  17. 根据权利要求15或16所述的安装方法，其特征在于，在最终使所述轴承(BE)沿着所述轴向(A)抵靠于所述支撑环(3)的支撑环轴向限位面之后，将所述安装拆卸组件的锁止螺母(4)安装于所述轴(SH)，使所述锁止螺母(4)抵靠所述外套筒(1)。
  18. 一种利用权利要求6或7所述的安装拆卸组件从轴拆卸轴承的拆卸方法，包括如下步骤：
    在向所述外套筒(1)的供油通路(1p)供给液压油的状态下，使所述外套筒(1)与所述内套筒(2)分离，将所述外套筒(1)从所述轴拆卸下来。
  19. 一种利用权利要求1至11中任一项所述的安装拆卸组件从轴拆卸轴承的拆卸方法，包括如下步骤：
    利用穿过固定于所述轴(SH)的锁止螺母(4)或抵接于所述轴(SH)的拆卸板且旋入所述外套筒(1)的第一拆卸孔(1h3)的螺杆(TR)，使得所述外套筒(1)和所述轴承(BE)从所述轴(SH)拆卸下来；以及
    然后利用穿过所述锁止螺母(4)或所述拆卸板且旋入所述支撑环(3)的第三拆卸孔(3h2)的螺杆(TR)，使得所述内套筒(2)从所述轴(SH)拆卸下来。
  20. 根据权利要求18或19所述的拆卸方法，其特征在于，在将所述内套筒(2)从所述轴(SH)拆卸下来的过程中，通过所述轴(SH)的轴供油通路(op)向所述轴(SH)和所述内套筒(2)之间供给液压油。
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WO2018017030A1 (en) * 2016-07-20 2018-01-25 Ortadogu Rulman Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi Fixing of a ball bearing on a shaft with interposition of a conical sleeve
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