WO2023092414A1 - 动力电池充电的方法和电池管理系统 - Google Patents

动力电池充电的方法和电池管理系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023092414A1
WO2023092414A1 PCT/CN2021/133266 CN2021133266W WO2023092414A1 WO 2023092414 A1 WO2023092414 A1 WO 2023092414A1 CN 2021133266 W CN2021133266 W CN 2021133266W WO 2023092414 A1 WO2023092414 A1 WO 2023092414A1
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Prior art keywords
power battery
safety threshold
charging
potential safety
negative electrode
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PCT/CN2021/133266
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄珊
徐广玉
李海力
李世超
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宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to JP2023542000A priority Critical patent/JP2024503844A/ja
Priority to EP21965149.4A priority patent/EP4254714A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/133266 priority patent/WO2023092414A1/zh
Priority to KR1020237023077A priority patent/KR20230117425A/ko
Priority to CN202180054667.8A priority patent/CN116670887A/zh
Publication of WO2023092414A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023092414A1/zh
Priority to US18/209,491 priority patent/US20230327464A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00309—Overheat or overtemperature protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
    • H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of power batteries, in particular to a method for charging a power battery and a battery management system.
  • battery technology is an important factor related to their development, especially the safety performance of batteries, which not only affects the development and application of battery-related products, but also affects consumers' acceptance of electric vehicles .
  • users may have different charging requirements for electric vehicles in different charging scenarios. Therefore, how to balance the safety performance of the battery and the different needs of users is an urgent problem to be solved.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a method for charging a power battery and a battery management system, which can meet charging requirements of users in different charging scenarios on the basis of ensuring the safety performance of the power battery.
  • a method for charging a power battery which is applied to the battery management system of the power battery, and the method includes: acquiring the charging mode of the power battery; determining the charging mode of the power battery according to the charging mode of the power battery.
  • the negative electrode potential safety threshold of the power battery during the charging process of the power battery, obtain the negative electrode potential of the power battery; based on the negative electrode potential of the power battery and the negative electrode potential safety threshold, adjust the power battery recharging current.
  • the charging mode of the power battery is usually the charging mode selected by the user according to his own needs in the current charging scenario, so adjusting the charging current according to the safety threshold of the negative potential determined by the charging mode can satisfy the user in different charging modes.
  • the charging demand in the charging scene on the other hand, adjusting the charging current of the power battery according to the negative electrode potential of the power battery and the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential can avoid the safety problems of the power battery caused by the accumulation of lithium ions, such as battery burning or Explosion, etc., so as to ensure the safety performance of the power battery.
  • the above technical solution is realized by software, that is, without increasing the cost of BMS hardware, it achieves the purpose of ensuring the safety performance of the power battery and meeting the charging needs of users in different charging scenarios.
  • the determining the negative potential safety threshold of the power battery according to the charging mode of the power battery includes: according to the charging mode of the power battery, and according to the charging mode and the negative potential safety threshold The corresponding relationship is to determine the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential of the power battery.
  • the negative electrode potential safety threshold is determined according to the corresponding relationship between the charging mode and the negative electrode potential safety threshold, which is not only simple to implement, but also takes less time.
  • the charging mode includes at least a first charging mode or a second charging mode; wherein, in the first charging mode, the charging current of the power battery is the first charging current, and the In the second charging mode, the charging current of the power battery is the second charging current, the first charging current is greater than the second charging current, and the negative electrode potential safety threshold corresponding to the first charging mode is smaller than the second charging current.
  • the negative potential safety threshold corresponding to the charging mode is smaller than the second charging current.
  • the charging mode of the power battery is a charging mode with a large charging current, it indicates that the user hopes to charge the power battery to the expected power or even fully in a short period of time.
  • a smaller threshold value can avoid the problem that the BMS will adjust the charging current to be smaller when the negative electrode potential does not drop too small, so as not to affect the charging current and charging time of the power battery.
  • the charging mode of the power battery is a charging mode with a small charging current, it indicates that the user has a low demand for charging speed and a high demand for the safety performance of the power battery.
  • the larger setting can ensure the safety performance of the power battery.
  • the determining the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential of the power battery according to the charging mode of the power battery includes: according to the charging mode of the power battery and the battery state parameters of the power battery, The negative electrode potential safety threshold is determined, and the battery state parameter includes at least one of the state of charge SOC, temperature and state of health SOH of the power battery.
  • the above technical solution determines the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential according to the battery state parameters of the power battery, so that the determined safety threshold of the negative electrode potential can be more accurate and closer to The critical potential of lithium analysis of the power battery. In this way, adjusting the charging current of the power battery based on the determined safety threshold of the negative electrode potential and the negative electrode potential of the power battery can more effectively ensure the safety performance of the power battery.
  • the battery state parameter of the power battery is a battery state parameter before the power battery is charged.
  • the negative potential safety threshold in the same charging mode, when the SOC of the power battery is in the first SOC interval, the negative potential safety threshold is the first preset negative potential safety threshold; When the SOC is in the second SOC interval, the negative electrode potential safety threshold is the second preset negative electrode potential safety threshold; wherein, the SOC in the first SOC interval is smaller than the SOC in the second SOC interval, and the first The preset negative potential safety threshold is smaller than the second preset negative potential safety threshold.
  • the above technical solution sets a relatively large negative potential safety threshold corresponding to a power battery with a high risk of lithium analysis, which can effectively suppress the risk of lithium analysis of the power battery and improve the safety performance of the power battery.
  • the above technical solution sets the negative potential safety threshold corresponding to the power battery with low risk of lithium analysis relatively small, which can ensure the charging speed of the power battery without affecting the safety performance of the power battery.
  • the negative potential safety threshold in the same charging mode, when the temperature of the power battery is in the first temperature range, the negative potential safety threshold is the third preset negative potential safety threshold; When the temperature is in the second temperature range, the negative electrode potential safety threshold is the fourth preset negative electrode potential safety threshold; wherein, the temperature in the first temperature range is lower than the temperature in the second temperature range, and the third The preset negative potential safety threshold is greater than the fourth preset negative potential safety threshold.
  • the above technical solution sets a relatively large negative potential safety threshold corresponding to a power battery with a high risk of lithium analysis, which can effectively suppress the risk of lithium analysis of the power battery and improve the safety performance of the power battery.
  • the above technical solution sets the negative potential safety threshold corresponding to the power battery with low risk of lithium analysis relatively small, which can ensure the charging speed of the power battery without affecting the safety performance of the power battery.
  • the negative potential safety threshold in the same charging mode, when the SOH of the power battery is in the first SOH interval, the negative potential safety threshold is the fifth preset negative potential safety threshold; When the SOH is in the second SOH interval, the negative electrode potential safety threshold is the sixth preset negative electrode potential safety threshold; wherein, the SOH in the first SOH interval is smaller than the SOH in the second SOH interval, and the fifth The preset negative potential safety threshold is greater than the sixth preset negative potential safety threshold.
  • the above technical solution sets a relatively large negative potential safety threshold corresponding to a power battery with a high risk of lithium analysis, which can effectively suppress the risk of lithium analysis of the power battery and improve the safety performance of the power battery.
  • the above technical solution sets the negative potential safety threshold corresponding to the power battery with low risk of lithium analysis relatively small, which can ensure the charging speed of the power battery without affecting the safety performance of the power battery.
  • the adjusting the charging current of the power battery based on the negative electrode potential of the power battery and the negative electrode potential safety threshold includes: if the negative electrode potential drops to the negative electrode potential safety threshold , adjusting the charging current from the first charging current to a second charging current, where the second charging current is smaller than the first charging current.
  • the adjusting the charging current of the power battery based on the negative electrode potential of the power battery and the negative electrode potential safety threshold includes: if the negative electrode potential does not drop to the negative electrode potential safety threshold, threshold and the charging duration of the power battery is greater than the time threshold, the charging current is adjusted from the first charging current to a third charging current, and the third charging current is greater than the first charging current.
  • a battery management system for a power battery including: an acquisition unit, configured to acquire the charging mode of the power battery; a determination unit, configured to determine the power battery according to the charging mode of the power battery The safety threshold of the negative potential of the power battery; the acquisition unit is also used to acquire the negative potential of the power battery during the charging process of the power battery; the adjustment unit is used to obtain the negative potential of the power battery based on the negative potential of the power battery and the negative The potential safety threshold is used to adjust the charging current of the power battery.
  • the determination unit is specifically configured to: determine the negative potential safety threshold of the power battery according to the charging mode of the power battery and the corresponding relationship between the charging mode and the negative potential safety threshold.
  • the charging mode includes at least a first charging mode or a second charging mode; wherein, in the first charging mode, the charging current of the power battery is the first charging current, and in the In the second charging mode, the charging current of the power battery is the second charging current, the first charging current is greater than the second charging current, and the negative electrode potential safety threshold corresponding to the first charging mode is smaller than the first charging current.
  • the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential corresponding to the second charging mode is smaller than the first charging current.
  • the determination unit is specifically configured to: determine the negative electrode potential safety threshold according to the charging mode of the power battery and the battery state parameters of the power battery, the battery state parameters include the At least one of the state of charge SOC, temperature and state of health SOH of the power battery.
  • the battery state parameter of the power battery is a battery state parameter before the power battery is charged.
  • the negative potential safety threshold in the same charging mode, when the SOC of the power battery is in the first SOC interval, the negative potential safety threshold is the first preset negative potential safety threshold; When the SOC is in the second SOC interval, the negative electrode potential safety threshold is the second preset negative electrode potential safety threshold; wherein, the SOC in the first SOC interval is smaller than the SOC in the second SOC interval, and the first The preset negative potential safety threshold is smaller than the second preset negative potential safety threshold.
  • the negative potential safety threshold in the same charging mode, when the temperature of the power battery is in the first temperature range, the negative potential safety threshold is the third preset negative potential safety threshold; When the temperature is in the second temperature range, the negative electrode potential safety threshold is the fourth preset negative electrode potential safety threshold; wherein, the temperature in the first temperature range is lower than the temperature in the second temperature range, and the third The preset negative potential safety threshold is greater than the fourth preset negative potential safety threshold.
  • the negative potential safety threshold in the same charging mode, when the SOH of the power battery is in the first SOH interval, the negative potential safety threshold is the fifth preset negative potential safety threshold; When the SOH is in the second SOH interval, the negative electrode potential safety threshold is the sixth preset negative electrode potential safety threshold; wherein, the SOH in the first SOH interval is smaller than the SOH in the second SOH interval, and the fifth The preset negative potential safety threshold is greater than the sixth preset negative potential safety threshold.
  • the adjustment unit is specifically configured to: adjust the charging current from the first charging current to the second charging current if the negative electrode potential drops to the negative electrode potential safety threshold, and the first charging current The second charging current is smaller than the first charging current.
  • the adjustment unit is specifically configured to: if the negative electrode potential does not drop to the negative electrode potential safety threshold and the charging time of the power battery is longer than the time threshold, change the charging current from the first The charging current is adjusted to a third charging current, and the third charging current is greater than the first charging current.
  • a battery management system BMS for a power battery including: a memory for storing programs; a processor for executing the programs stored in the memory, and when the programs stored in the memory are executed, the The processor is configured to execute the method in the first aspect or various implementations thereof.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a charging system applicable to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for charging a power battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hierarchical first-order RC equivalent circuit model according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for charging a power battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a BMS according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a BMS according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • power batteries can be used as the main power source of electric devices (such as vehicles, ships or spacecraft, etc.).
  • the power batteries on the market are rechargeable storage batteries, the most common being lithium batteries, such as lithium-ion batteries or lithium-ion polymer batteries.
  • the power battery is generally charged by continuous charging, and continuous charging of the power battery will cause the phenomenon of lithium deposition and heat generation of the power battery.
  • the performance of the battery is degraded, the cycle life is greatly shortened, and the fast charging capacity of the power battery is also limited, which may cause catastrophic consequences such as combustion and explosion, causing serious safety problems.
  • users may have different charging needs in different charging scenarios. For example, when the user is in a hurry to charge, his demand for charging the battery may be more biased towards the charging speed; another example, when the user is resting and charging at night, his demand for the charging speed of the battery is significantly reduced, and he is more inclined to charge on security.
  • the embodiment of the present application proposes a method for charging a power battery, which can meet the charging needs of users in different charging scenarios on the basis of ensuring the safety performance of the power battery.
  • Fig. 1 shows a structure diagram of a charging system applicable to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging system 100 may include: a charging device 110 and a battery system 120.
  • the battery system 120 may be an electric vehicle (including a pure electric vehicle and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle). Battery system or battery system in other application scenarios.
  • the power battery 121 can be any type of battery, including but not limited to: lithium ion battery, lithium metal battery, lithium sulfur battery, lead acid battery, nickel battery, nickel metal hydride battery, or lithium air battery and so on.
  • the power battery 121 in the embodiment of the present application can be a battery cell/battery monomer (cell), or a battery module or battery pack.
  • a battery module or battery pack can be composed of multiple battery strings. Formed in parallel, in the embodiment of the present application, the specific type and scale of the power battery 121 are not specifically limited.
  • the battery system 120 is generally equipped with a battery management system (battery management system, BMS) 122, It is used to implement functions such as charge and discharge management, high voltage control, battery protection, battery data collection, and battery status evaluation.
  • BMS battery management system
  • the BMS 122 can be integrated with the power battery 121 and set in the same device or device, or the BMS 122 can also be set outside the power battery 121 as an independent device or device.
  • the charging device 110 can output charging power according to the charging demand of the BMS 122, so as to charge the power battery 121.
  • the charging device 110 may output voltage and current according to the required voltage and required current sent by the BMS 122.
  • the charging device 110 in the embodiment of the present application may be a charging pile, also called a charging machine.
  • the charging pile here may be, for example, a common charging pile, a super charging pile, a charging pile supporting a vehicle to grid (V2G) mode, and the like.
  • the charging device 110 can be connected to the power battery 121 through the electric wire 130, and connected to the BMS 122 through the communication line 140, wherein the communication line 140 is used to realize the information exchange between the charging device 110 and the BMS.
  • the communication line 140 includes, but is not limited to, a controller area network (control area network, CAN) communication bus or a daisy chain (daisy chain) communication bus.
  • the charging device 110 can also communicate with the BMS 122 through a wireless network.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the wired communication type or the wireless communication type between the charging device 110 and the BMS 122.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a method 200 for charging a power battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method 200 can be executed by a BMS, and the BMS can be, for example, the BMS 122 in FIG. 1 .
  • the method 200 may include at least some of the following.
  • Step S210 Obtain the charging mode of the power battery.
  • Step S220 According to the charging mode of the power battery, determine the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential of the power battery.
  • Step S230 During the charging process of the power battery, obtain the negative electrode potential of the power battery.
  • Step S240 Adjust the charging current of the power battery based on the negative potential of the power battery and the safety threshold of the negative potential.
  • the charging mode of the power battery may include but not limited to a super fast charging mode, a conventional fast charging mode, a long-life charging mode, and the like.
  • the super fast charging mode is biased towards the charging speed requirement, and usually the charging current is relatively large.
  • the conventional fast charging mode does not have such a high demand for charging speed, which can be understood as a charging mode that balances charging speed and charging safety.
  • the long-life charging mode is biased towards the charging safety requirements, and the charging speed is not high. Users generally choose the long-life charging mode when charging the power battery at night. It should be understood that the charging current in the super fast charging mode, the normal fast charging mode and the long-life charging mode decreases sequentially, and the charging time increases sequentially.
  • the charging mode of the power battery can also include other charging modes, such as the fixed-time fixed SOC mode, which is a charging mode that charges to a certain SOC within a specified time period, and is biased towards the reservation function.
  • the fixed-time fixed SOC mode which is a charging mode that charges to a certain SOC within a specified time period, and is biased towards the reservation function.
  • the BMS acquires the charging mode of the power battery, specifically, the BMS receives the charging mode information sent by the charging pile, and the charging mode information is used to indicate the charging mode of the power battery. Specifically, after the user inserts the charging gun into the charging pile and selects the charging mode of this charging, the charging pile obtains the charging mode, so that the charging pile can send charging mode information to the BMS, and the charging mode information is used to indicate the power of the power battery. charging mode.
  • the BMS can receive the charging mode information.
  • the electric device including the power battery is provided with a man-machine interface, such as a touch screen, through which the user can input the charging mode of the charge, and then the BMS can obtain the charging mode.
  • a man-machine interface such as a touch screen
  • the electric device including the power battery can be connected with the user's electronic device (such as a smart phone, a wearable device, etc.), and the user can select the charging mode for this charge through the electronic device, so that the BMS can communicate with the power
  • the electronic device connected to the device acquires the charging mode.
  • the BMS can acquire the charging mode only once during the entire charging process. In other words, during the entire charging process of the power battery, the charging mode is fixed.
  • the BMS can acquire the charging mode multiple times during the charging process.
  • the BMS may acquire the charging mode periodically, for example, the BMS may acquire the charging mode every 5s.
  • the BMS can determine the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential of the power battery according to the charging mode.
  • the negative potential safety threshold may be slightly higher than the negative potential of the power battery when lithium precipitation occurs, that is, the difference between the negative potential safety threshold and the negative potential of the power battery when lithium precipitation occurs is within a preset range .
  • the BMS may determine the negative electrode potential safety threshold according to the acquired charging mode and the corresponding relationship between the charging mode and the negative electrode potential safety threshold.
  • the corresponding relationship between the charging mode and the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential may be pre-configured on the BMS.
  • the corresponding relationship between the charging mode and the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential can be obtained through a large amount of experimental data, and then the technicians can configure the corresponding relationship on the BMS when the BMS leaves the factory.
  • the corresponding relationship between the charging mode and the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential may be pre-configured on the BMS in the form of a table or a graph. In this way, the BMS can determine the charging mode through internal table lookup or internal map lookup.
  • the corresponding relationship between the charging mode and the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential may also be obtained by the BMS from other devices or from the cloud.
  • the correspondence between the charging mode and the negative potential safety threshold can be updated every preset time period, and the updated correspondence can be preconfigured on the BMS or stored on other devices or stored in the cloud.
  • the negative electrode potential safety threshold is determined according to the corresponding relationship between the charging mode and the negative electrode potential safety threshold, which is not only simple to implement, but also takes less time.
  • the charging mode selected by the user is relevant to the user's current needs. For example, when the user selects the super fast charging mode, it indicates that the user hopes to charge the power battery to the expected power or even fully in a short period of time. In this case, the negative potential safety threshold cannot be too high. If the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential is too high, the charging current of the power battery will be limited, and the charging time of the power battery will be prolonged, which is exactly the opposite of the user's needs. For another example, when the user selects the long-life charging mode, it indicates that the user may not use the electric device including the power battery for a period of time in the future. The user has lower requirements for charging speed, but cares more about the safety performance of the power battery.
  • the negative potential safety threshold cannot be too low. If the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential is too low, it may appear that the negative electrode potential of the power battery has dropped to the critical potential of lithium precipitation, but has not yet dropped to the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential, which will affect the safety performance of the power battery.
  • the charging mode with a larger charging current corresponds to a smaller safety threshold of the negative electrode potential.
  • the charging mode includes at least a first charging mode and a second charging mode.
  • the charging current of the power battery is the first charging current.
  • the charging current of the power battery is The current is the second charging current, the first charging current is greater than the second charging current, and the negative electrode potential safety threshold corresponding to the first charging mode is smaller than the negative electrode potential safety threshold corresponding to the second charging mode.
  • the first charging mode is the super fast charging mode
  • the second charging mode is the normal fast charging mode.
  • the super fast charging mode corresponds to a safety threshold of negative potential of 8mv
  • the corresponding safety threshold of the normal fast charging mode is 12mv.
  • the corresponding relationship between the charging mode and the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential can be shown in Table 1.
  • the unit of the negative potential safety threshold is millivolt (mv).
  • the other factors in Table 1 are the state of health (SOH) of the power battery.
  • SOH can be used to indicate the aging state of the power battery, and can also be understood as the remaining life of the power battery. The performance of the power battery will continue to decline after long-term operation, so the remaining life will be shorter, that is, the SOH value will be smaller. The smaller the SOH, the higher the risk of lithium analysis in the power battery.
  • the safety thresholds of the negative electrode potential corresponding to the super fast charging mode, the conventional fast charging mode and the long-life charging mode respectively increase sequentially.
  • the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential corresponding to the super fast charging mode is 8mv
  • the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential corresponding to the conventional fast charging mode is 12mv
  • the corresponding negative electrode potential safety threshold of the long-life charging mode is safe.
  • the threshold is 15mv.
  • the safety thresholds of the negative electrode potential corresponding to the super fast charging mode, the conventional fast charging mode and the long-life charging mode respectively increase sequentially.
  • Table 1 is only an example, and the charging modes do not necessarily only include the super fast charging mode, the conventional fast charging mode, and the fixed-time fixed SOC mode. Under the same SOH, the corresponding negative potential safety threshold of the charging mode is not necessarily as shown in the table. 1. It should also be understood that the corresponding relationship between the charging mode and the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential can be a linear relationship or a nonlinear relationship.
  • the BMS may determine the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential according to the charging mode of the power battery and the battery state parameters of the battery of the power battery.
  • the battery state parameters of the power battery may include but not limited to the state of charge (state of charge, SOC), temperature and SOH of the power battery.
  • the above technical solution determines the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential according to the battery state parameters of the power battery, so that the determined safety threshold of the negative electrode potential can be more accurate and closer to The critical potential of lithium analysis of the power battery. In this way, adjusting the charging current of the power battery based on the determined safety threshold of the negative electrode potential and the negative electrode potential of the power battery can more effectively ensure the safety performance of the power battery.
  • the battery state parameters of the power battery may be battery state parameters before the power battery is charged. That is, before the power battery is charged, the BMS obtains the battery state parameters of the power battery, and determines the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential based on the battery state parameters. Afterwards, during the entire charging process, the BMS no longer obtains the battery status of the power battery, and the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential will no longer change.
  • the battery state parameters of the power battery may be battery state parameters during the charging process of the power battery. That is, during the charging process of the power battery, the BMS can obtain the battery status parameters of the power battery in real time. In other words, BMS can try to determine the safety threshold of the negative potential.
  • the BMS can periodically acquire the battery state parameters of the power battery during the charging process of the power battery. For example, during the charging process of the power battery, the BMS can obtain the battery status parameters of the power battery every 5s.
  • the BMS can acquire the battery state parameter every time the battery state parameter of the traction battery changes.
  • the BMS determines the battery state parameters of the power battery during the charging process. In this way, the determined battery state parameters may be the closest to the current moment.
  • the parameters of the actual battery state parameters of the battery make the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential determined by the BMS according to the latest battery state parameters of the power battery more accurate, so that the charging speed of the battery can be effectively improved on the basis of ensuring the safety performance of the battery.
  • the negative potential safety threshold is the first preset negative potential safety threshold
  • the negative potential safety threshold is the second preset negative potential safety threshold, wherein the SOC in the first SOC interval is smaller than the SOC in the second SOC interval, and the first preset negative potential safety threshold is smaller than the second preset negative potential safety threshold.
  • the negative potential safety threshold when the temperature of the power battery is in the first temperature range, the negative potential safety threshold is the third preset negative potential safety threshold; when the temperature of the power battery is in the second temperature range , the negative potential safety threshold is the fourth preset negative potential safety threshold, wherein the temperature in the first temperature range is lower than the temperature in the second temperature range, and the third preset negative potential safety threshold is greater than the fourth preset negative potential safety threshold .
  • the negative electrode potential safety threshold is the fifth preset negative electrode potential safety threshold
  • the negative potential safety threshold is the sixth preset potential safety threshold.
  • the SOH in the first SOH interval is smaller than the SOH in the second SOH interval
  • the fifth preset negative potential safety threshold is greater than the sixth preset negative potential safety threshold.
  • the above technical solution sets the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential based on the risk of lithium analysis of the power battery.
  • the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential corresponding to the power battery with a high risk of lithium analysis is set relatively large, which can effectively suppress the lithium analysis of the power battery. risk and improve the safety performance of power batteries.
  • setting the negative electrode potential safety threshold corresponding to the power battery with low risk of lithium analysis is relatively small, which can ensure the charging speed of the power battery without affecting the safety performance of the power battery.
  • the BMS can estimate the negative potential of the power battery through the negative potential estimation model, or the BMS can obtain the negative potential of the power battery through the actual measurement of the three-electrode battery with the reference electrode.
  • the BMS can separate the positive and negative electrodes of the battery through the negative electrode potential estimation model, so as to obtain the negative electrode potential.
  • the negative electrode potential estimation model may be, for example, an equivalent circuit model, an electrochemical model, and an equivalent circuit and electrochemical coupling model.
  • the BMS can also obtain the negative potential of the power battery by collecting the negative potential of the three-electrode battery with the reference electrode and the potential of the reference electrode, wherein the three-electrode battery refers to
  • a reference electrode is added, such as a lithium metal reference electrode, a lithium alloy reference electrode or a copper wire in-situ lithium-plated reference electrode.
  • a polarization equivalent model of the three-electrode battery can be established first, and the polarization equivalent model can include positive electrode parameters and negative electrode parameters to reflect the external characteristics and internal characteristics of the three-electrode battery, so as to accurately predict the negative electrode potential.
  • the polarized equivalent model may include a Rint model, a polarized first-order RC equivalent circuit model, a polarized second-order RC equivalent circuit model, and the like.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a polarized first-order RC equivalent circuit model of an embodiment of the present application.
  • Ut is the full battery terminal voltage
  • Uca and Uan are the potential of the positive electrode relative to the reference electrode and the potential of the negative electrode relative to the reference electrode, respectively.
  • OCVca and OCVan represent the open circuit voltage of the positive electrode and the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode, respectively
  • Rca_0 and Ran_0 represent the ohmic internal resistance of the positive electrode and the ohmic internal resistance of the negative electrode, respectively
  • Uca_p and Uan_p represent the polarization voltage of the positive electrode and the polarization voltage of the negative electrode, respectively
  • Rca_p and Ran_p represent the polarization internal resistance of the positive electrode and the polarization internal resistance of the negative electrode, respectively
  • Cca_p and Can_p represent the polarization capacitance of the positive electrode and the polarization capacitance of the negative electrode, respectively
  • I represents the current.
  • Uca_p' and Uan_p' denote the derivatives of Uca_p and Uan_p, respectively.
  • the open circuit voltage OCVca of the positive pole and the open circuit voltage OCVan of the negative pole can be obtained through actual measurement, and then the calibration model parameters Rca_0, Ran_0, Rca_p can be calibrated according to the formulas (1) ⁇ (5) combined with optimization algorithms, such as the least square method, genetic algorithm, etc. , Ran_p, Cca_p, and Can_p, and finally use the extended Kalman filter algorithm, proportional-integral-differential (Proportion Integral Differential, PID) algorithm or Romberg observer to estimate the negative electrode potential.
  • PID Proportion Integral Differential
  • the extended Kalman filter algorithm is mainly composed of state equation (6) and observation equation (7), combined with recursive equations (8)-(12) to iteratively update time and state to realize state estimation.
  • X is the state quantity to be estimated
  • U is the controllable input quantity
  • Y is the output quantity
  • Q and R represent the system error and measurement error respectively
  • the subscript k represents the variable at time k
  • the subscript k-1 represents k-
  • the variable at time 1 the subscript k+1 represents the variable at time k+1
  • the superscript " ⁇ " represents the estimated value
  • the superscript T represents the transposition operation of the matrix.
  • P is the covariance matrix of the estimation error, for example, Represents the prior estimated covariance matrix at time k
  • P k represents the posterior estimated covariance matrix at time k.
  • A, B, C and D are coefficient matrices
  • K k is Kalman gain.
  • the negative electrode potential can be obtained through the negative electrode potential estimation equation:
  • the BMS can determine the adjusted charging current through a predictive control algorithm.
  • the BMS may determine the adjusted charging current through a proportional-integral-differential (PID) control algorithm.
  • PID proportional-integral-differential
  • the BMS can obtain the adjusted charging current through the following formula:
  • I0 k+1 I0 k + ⁇ I k
  • I0 k+1 is the charging request current at time k+1, that is, the adjusted charging current
  • I0 k is the charging request current at k time, that is, the charging current before adjustment
  • ⁇ Uan k is the negative electrode potential safety threshold at k time
  • ⁇ Uan k-1 is the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential at time k-1 or the negative electrode potential of the power battery at time k-1
  • k p , k i , and k d are respectively the PID control algorithm Proportional, integral and derivative parameters.
  • k p may be 20
  • ki may be 5
  • k d may be 70.
  • the method 200 may further include: the BMS determines the first charging current, and sends the first charging current to the charging pile.
  • the BMS can determine the first charging current according to parameters such as temperature, SOC, SOH, and voltage of the power battery. After the charging pile receives the first charging current, the charging pile can charge the power battery based on the first charging current.
  • the first charging current may be carried in, but not limited to, the battery charging requirement BCL message.
  • the BMS can adjust the charging current of the power battery based on the negative potential of the power battery and the safety threshold of the negative potential during the charging process of the power battery.
  • the BMS can obtain the negative electrode potential of the power battery in real time, and judge in real time whether the negative electrode potential of the power battery has dropped to the negative electrode potential safety threshold.
  • the BMS can periodically obtain the negative potential of the power battery, and periodically judge whether the negative potential of the power battery has dropped to the negative potential safety threshold.
  • the BMS can reduce the charging current of the power battery, that is, adjust the charging current from the first charging current to the second charging current, and the second charging current The current is less than the first charging current.
  • the BMS can send the second charging current to the charging pile, so that the charging pile can charge the power battery based on the second charging current.
  • the BMS can increase the charging current of the power battery, that is, the charging current from the first A charging current is adjusted to a third charging current, and the third charging current is greater than the first charging current.
  • the BMS may start a timer, and the timing duration of the timer is a time threshold. After the timer expires, it indicates that the charging time of the power battery is longer than the time threshold.
  • the time threshold may be but not limited to 30s.
  • the BMS After adjusting the first charging current to the third charging current, the BMS can send the third charging current to the charging pile, so that the charging pile can charge the power battery based on the third charging current.
  • the charging current of the power battery remains unchanged, and the BMS can continue to send the first charging current to the charging pile, or, the BMS
  • the negative electrode potential of the power battery can be continuously obtained to compare the negative electrode potential with the negative electrode potential safety threshold.
  • the BMS can continue to restart timing.
  • step 401 the BMS judges whether the power battery is in a charging state.
  • step 402 If the power battery is in the charging state, then execute step 402; if the power battery is not in the charging state, then execute step 411.
  • step 402 the BMS acquires the charging mode of the power battery.
  • step 403 the BMS determines the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential of the power battery according to the charging mode of the power battery.
  • step 404 the BMS determines the first charging current I1 of the power battery.
  • the BMS can first obtain parameters such as SOC, SOH, temperature and voltage of the power battery, and determine I1 according to the parameters such as SOC, SOH, temperature and voltage of the power battery.
  • step 405 the BMS sends the first charging current I1 to the charging post to request charging, and starts timing.
  • step 406 the BMS acquires the potential of the negative electrode of the power battery.
  • step 407 the BMS compares the negative electrode potential of the power battery with the negative electrode potential safety threshold, and determines whether the negative electrode potential of the power battery drops to the negative electrode potential safety threshold.
  • step 408 is performed; if the negative potential safety threshold of the power battery does not drop to the negative potential safety threshold, step 409 is performed.
  • step 408 the BMS adjusts the first charging current I1 to the second charging current I2, and sends the second charging current I2 to the charging pile, so that the charging pile charges the power battery based on I2.
  • step 409 the BMS judges whether the charging duration of the power battery is greater than a time threshold.
  • the BMS executes step 410; if the charging duration is smaller than the time threshold, the BMS executes step 405.
  • step 410 the BMS adjusts the first charging current I1 to a third charging current I3, and sends the third charging current I3 to the charging pile, so that the charging pile charges the power battery based on I3.
  • step 411 the BMS judges whether the power battery is fully charged or drawn.
  • step 406 If the power battery is fully charged or the gun is drawn, the charging process ends; if the power battery is not fully charged or the gun is drawn, the BMS continues to execute step 406 .
  • the charging mode of the power battery is usually the charging mode selected by the user according to his own needs in the current charging scenario
  • adjusting the charging current according to the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential determined by the charging mode can meet the needs of the user. Charging requirements under different charging scenarios; on the other hand, adjusting the charging current of the power battery according to the negative electrode potential of the power battery and the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential can avoid the safety problems of the power battery caused by lithium ion accumulation, such as battery burning or Explosion, etc., so as to ensure the safety performance of the power battery.
  • the above technical solution is realized by software, that is, without increasing the cost of BMS hardware, it achieves the purpose of ensuring the safety performance of the power battery and meeting the charging needs of users in different charging scenarios.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic block diagram of a BMS 500 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the BMS 500 can execute the power battery charging method 200 of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present application.
  • the BMS 500 may include:
  • the acquiring unit 510 is configured to acquire the charging mode of the power battery.
  • the determination unit 520 is configured to determine the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential of the power battery according to the charging mode of the power battery.
  • the acquisition unit 510 is also used to acquire the negative electrode potential of the power battery during the charging process of the power battery.
  • the adjustment unit 530 is configured to adjust the charging current of the power battery based on the negative potential of the power battery and the safety threshold of the negative potential.
  • the determination unit 520 is specifically configured to: determine the negative pole of the power battery according to the charging mode of the power battery, and according to the corresponding relationship between the charging mode and the negative potential safety threshold. Potential safety threshold.
  • the charging mode includes at least the first charging mode or the second charging mode; wherein, in the first charging mode, the charging current of the power battery is the first charging Current, in the second charging mode, the charging current of the power battery is the second charging current, the first charging current is greater than the second charging current, and the negative electrode potential safety threshold corresponding to the first charging mode is less than the safety threshold of the negative electrode potential corresponding to the second charging mode.
  • the determination unit 520 is specifically configured to: determine the negative electrode potential safety threshold according to the charging mode of the power battery and the battery state parameters of the power battery, and the battery The state parameters include at least one of the state of charge SOC, temperature and state of health SOH of the power battery.
  • the battery state parameter of the power battery is a battery state parameter before the power battery is charged.
  • the negative potential safety threshold in the same charging mode, when the SOC of the power battery is in the first SOC interval, the negative potential safety threshold is the first preset negative potential safety threshold; When the SOC of the power battery is in the second SOC interval, the negative electrode potential safety threshold is the second preset negative electrode potential safety threshold; wherein, the SOC in the first SOC interval is smaller than the SOC in the second SOC interval, The first preset negative potential safety threshold is smaller than the second preset negative potential safety threshold.
  • the negative potential safety threshold in the same charging mode, when the temperature of the power battery is in the first temperature range, the negative potential safety threshold is the third preset negative potential safety threshold; When the temperature of the power battery is in the second temperature range, the negative electrode potential safety threshold is the fourth preset negative electrode potential safety threshold; wherein, the temperature in the first temperature range is lower than the temperature in the second temperature range, The third preset negative potential safety threshold is greater than the fourth preset negative potential safety threshold.
  • the negative potential safety threshold in the same charging mode, when the SOH of the power battery is in the first SOH interval, the negative potential safety threshold is the fifth preset negative potential safety threshold;
  • the negative electrode potential safety threshold is the sixth preset negative electrode potential safety threshold; wherein, the SOH in the first SOH interval is smaller than the SOH in the second SOH interval , the fifth preset negative electrode potential safety threshold is greater than the sixth preset negative electrode potential safety threshold.
  • the adjustment unit 530 is specifically configured to: adjust the charging current from the first charging current to the second charging current if the negative electrode potential drops to the negative electrode potential safety threshold. current, the second charging current is smaller than the first charging current.
  • the adjustment unit 530 is specifically configured to: if the negative electrode potential does not drop to the negative electrode potential safety threshold and the charging time of the power battery is longer than the time threshold, set the The charging current is adjusted from the first charging current to a third charging current, and the third charging current is greater than the first charging current.
  • the BMS 500 can implement the corresponding operations of the BMS in the method 200, and for the sake of brevity, details are not repeated here.
  • the BMS 500 can achieve the same technical effect as the aforementioned method 200, and for the sake of brevity, no further description is given here.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a BMS according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • BMS 600 includes memory 601, processor 602, communication interface 603 and bus 604. Wherein, the memory 601 , the processor 602 , and the communication interface 603 are connected to each other through a bus 604 .
  • the memory 601 may be a read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), a static storage device and a random access memory (random access memory, RAM).
  • the memory 601 may store a program. When the program stored in the memory 601 is executed by the processor 602, the processor 602 and the communication interface 603 are used to execute various steps of the method for charging a power battery according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the processor 602 may be a general-purpose central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), a microprocessor, an application specific integrated circuit (application specific integrated circuit, ASIC), a graphics processing unit (graphics processing unit, GPU) or one or more
  • the integrated circuit is used to execute related programs to realize the functions required by the units in the device of the embodiment of the present application, or to execute the method for charging the power battery of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the processor 602 may also be an integrated circuit chip, which has a signal processing capability. During implementation, each step of the method for charging a power battery in the embodiment of the present application may be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 602 or instructions in the form of software.
  • processor 602 can also be general-purpose processor, digital signal processor (digital signal processing, DSP), ASIC, off-the-shelf programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC off-the-shelf programmable gate array
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • Various methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented or executed.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor, or the like.
  • the steps of the methods disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present application may be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.
  • the software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, register.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory 601, and the processor 602 reads the information in the memory 601, and combines its hardware to complete the functions required by the units included in the BMS of the embodiment of the application, or execute the power battery charging method of the embodiment of the application .
  • the communication interface 603 uses a transceiver device such as but not limited to a transceiver to realize communication between the BMS 600 and other devices or communication networks.
  • a transceiver device such as but not limited to a transceiver to realize communication between the BMS 600 and other devices or communication networks.
  • the BMS 600 can send charging request information to the charging pile through the communication interface 603.
  • the bus 604 may include pathways for transferring information between various components of the device 600 (eg, memory 601 , processor 602 , communication interface 603 ).
  • BMS 600 only shows a memory, a processor, and a communication interface
  • the BMS 600 may also include other devices necessary for normal operation.
  • the BMS 600 may also include hardware devices for implementing other additional functions.
  • the BMS 600 may only include the devices necessary to realize the embodiment of the present application, and does not necessarily include all the devices shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores program codes for device execution, and the program codes include instructions for executing the steps in the above method for charging a power battery.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, the computer program product includes a computer program stored on a computer-readable storage medium, the computer program includes program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by the computer, the The computer executes the above-mentioned method for charging a power battery.
  • the above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium may be a transitory computer-readable storage medium, or a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.
  • sequence numbers of the processes do not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of the processes should be determined by their functions and internal logic, rather than by the execution order of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the implementation process constitutes no limitation.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种动力电池充电的方法和电池管理系统，能够在保证动力电池安全性能的基础上，满足用户在不同充电场景下的充电需求。该方法应用于所述动力电池的电池管理系统，所述方法包括：获取所述动力电池的充电模式；根据所述动力电池的充电模式，确定所述动力电池的负极电位安全阈值；在所述动力电池的充电过程中，获取所述动力电池的负极电位；基于所述动力电池的负极电位和所述负极电位安全阈值，调整所述动力电池的充电电流。

Description

动力电池充电的方法和电池管理系统 技术领域
本申请涉及动力电池领域，特别是涉及一种动力电池充电的方法和电池管理系统。
背景技术
随着时代的发展，电动汽车由于其高环保性、低噪音、使用成本低等优点，具有巨大的市场前景且能够有效促进节能减排，有利社会的发展和进步。
对于电动汽车及其相关领域而言，电池技术是关乎其发展的一项重要因素，尤其是电池的安全性能，不仅影响电池相关产品的发展和应用，而且还影响消费者对电动汽车的接受度。此外，用户在不同的充电场景下对电动汽车的的充电需求可能不同。因此，如何平衡电池的安全性能和用户的不同需求，是一项亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种动力电池充电的方法和电池管理系统，能够在保证动力电池安全性能的基础上，满足用户在不同充电场景下的充电需求。
第一方面，提供了一种动力电池充电的方法，应用于所述动力电池的电池管理系统，所述方法包括：获取所述动力电池的充电模式；根据所述动力电池的充电模式，确定所述动力电池的负极电位安全阈值；在所述动力电池的充电过程中，获取所述动力电池的负极电位；基于所述动力电池的负极电位和所述负极电位安全阈值，调整所述动力电池的充电电流。
上述技术方案，一方面，由于通常情况下动力电池的充电模式是用户在当前充电场景下根据自身需求选择的充电模式，因此根据充电模式确定的负极电位安全阈值来调整充电电流能够满足用户在不同充电场景下的充电需求；另一方面，根据动力电池的负极电位和负极电位安全阈值调整动力电池的充电电流，能够、避免由于锂离子聚集等问题引发的动力电池的安全问题，例如电池燃烧或爆炸等，从而保证动力电池的安全性能。进一步地，上述技术方案通过软件实现，即在不增加BMS硬件成本的基础上，实现了保证动力电池的安全性能和满足用户在不同充电场景下的充电需求的目的。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述根据所述动力电池的充电模式，确定所述动力电池的负极电位安全阈值，包括：根据所述动力电池的充电模式，以及根据充电模式和负极电位安全阈值的对应关系，确定所述动力电池的负极电位安全阈值。
上述技术方案，根据充电模式和负极电位安全阈值的对应关系确定负极电位安 全阈值，不仅实现简单，而且时耗较短。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述充电模式至少包括第一充电模式或第二充电模式；其中，在所述第一充电模式下，所述动力电池的充电电流为第一充电电流，所述第二充电模式下，所述动力电池的充电电流为第二充电电流，所述第一充电电流大于所述第二充电电流，所述第一充电模式对应的负极电位安全阈值小于所述第二充电模式对应的负极电位安全阈值。
在动力电池的充电模式为充电电流较大的充电模式时，表明用户希望在较短的时间内可以将动力电池的电量充至预期电量甚至充满，上述技术方案将该充电模式对应的负极电位安全阈值设置的较小，能够避免BMS在负极电位下降的不是太小的情况下就将充电电流调整的更小的问题，从而不会影响动力电池的充电电流和充电时长。在动力电池的充电模式为充电电流较小的充电模式时，表明用户对充电速度的需求较低且对动力电池的安全性能的需求较高，上述技术方案将该充电模式对应的负极电位安全阈值设置的较大，能够保证动力电池的安全性能。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述根据所述动力电池的充电模式，确定所述动力电池的负极电位安全阈值，包括：根据所述动力电池的充电模式和所述动力电池的电池状态参数，确定所述负极电位安全阈值，所述电池状态参数包括所述动力电池的荷电状态SOC、温度和健康状态SOH中的至少一个。
上述技术方案，由于动力电池的析锂风险程度与其自身的电池状态参数密切相关，上述技术方案根据动力电池的电池状态参数确定负极电位安全阈值，使得确定的负极电位安全阈值能够更准确，更接近该动力电池的析锂的临界电位。这样，基于确定的负极电位安全阈值和动力电池的负极电位调整动力电池的充电电流，能够更有效地保证动力电池的安全性能。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述动力电池的电池状态参数为所述动力电池充电前的电池状态参数。
在一些可能的实现方式中，在相同的充电模式下，当所述动力电池的SOC处于第一SOC区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第一预设负极电位安全阈值；所述动力电池的SOC处于第二SOC区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第二预设负极电位安全阈值；其中，所述第一SOC区间中的SOC小于所述第二SOC区间中的SOC，所述第一预设负极电位安全阈值小于所述第二预设负极电位安全阈值。
由于动力电池的SOC越大，则动力电池的析锂风险越高。一方面，上述技术方案将析锂风险高的动力电池所对应的负极电位安全阈值设置的相对较大，能够有效抑制动力电池的析锂风险，提高动力电池的安全性能。另一方面，上述技术方案将析锂风险低的动力电池所对应的负极电位安全阈值设置的相对较小，在不影响动力电池安全性能的前提下，可以保证动力电池的充电速度。
在一些可能的实现方式中，在相同的充电模式下，当所述动力电池的温度处于第一温度区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第三预设负极电位安全阈值；所述动力电池的温度处于第二温度区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第四预设负极电位安全阈值；其中，所述第一温度区间中的温度小于所述第二温度区间中的温度，所述第三预设负 极电位安全阈值大于所述第四预设负极电位安全阈值。
由于动力电池的温度越低，则动力电池的析锂风险越高。一方面，上述技术方案将析锂风险高的动力电池所对应的负极电位安全阈值设置的相对较大，能够有效抑制动力电池的析锂风险，提高动力电池的安全性能。另一方面，上述技术方案将析锂风险低的动力电池所对应的负极电位安全阈值设置的相对较小，在不影响动力电池安全性能的前提下，可以保证动力电池的充电速度。
在一些可能的实现方式中，在相同的充电模式下，当所述动力电池的SOH处于第一SOH区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第五预设负极电位安全阈值；所述动力电池的SOH处于第二SOH区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第六预设负极电位安全阈值；其中，所述第一SOH区间中的SOH小于所述第二SOH区间中的SOH，所述第五预设负极电位安全阈值大于所述第六预设负极电位安全阈值。
由于动力电池的SOH越小，则动力电池的析锂风险越高。一方面，上述技术方案将析锂风险高的动力电池所对应的负极电位安全阈值设置的相对较大，能够有效抑制动力电池的析锂风险，提高动力电池的安全性能。另一方面，上述技术方案将析锂风险低的动力电池所对应的负极电位安全阈值设置的相对较小，在不影响动力电池安全性能的前提下，可以保证动力电池的充电速度。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述基于所述动力电池的负极电位和所述负极电位安全阈值，调整所述动力电池的充电电流，包括：若所述负极电位下降至所述负极电位安全阈值，将所述充电电流从第一充电电流调整为第二充电电流，所述第二充电电流小于所述第一充电电流。
上述技术方案，在动力电池的负极电位下降至负极电位安全阈值时，表明该动力电池可能即将出现析锂现象，在这种情况下降低动力电池的充电电流，能够避免由于锂离子聚集等问题引发的动力电池的安全问题，例如电池燃烧或爆炸等，从而保证动力电池的安全性能。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述基于所述动力电池的负极电位和所述负极电位安全阈值，调整所述动力电池的充电电流，包括：若所述负极电位未下降至所述负极电位安全阈值且所述动力电池的充电时长大于时间阈值，将所述充电电流从第一充电电流调整为第三充电电流，所述第三充电电流大于所述第一充电电流。
上述技术方案，若动力电池的负极电位长时间未下降至负极电位安全阈值，则表明动力电池当前时刻的充电电流过小。在这种情况下提高动力电池的充电电流，能够提高充电速度，极大地减小了动力电池的充电时长，进而提高了用户体验
第二方面，提供了一种动力电池的电池管理系统，包括：获取单元，用于获取所述动力电池的充电模式；确定单元，用于根据所述动力电池的充电模式，确定所述动力电池的负极电位安全阈值；所述获取单元还用于，在所述动力电池的充电过程中，获取所述动力电池的负极电位；调整单元，用于基于所述动力电池的负极电位和所述负极电位安全阈值，调整所述动力电池的充电电流。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述确定单元具体用于：根据所述动力电池的充电模式，以及根据充电模式和负极电位安全阈值的对应关系，确定所述动力电池的负极 电位安全阈值。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述充电模式至少包括第一充电模式或第二充电模式；其中，在所述第一充电模式下，所述动力电池的充电电流为第一充电电流，在所述第二充电模式下，所述动力电池的充电电流为第二充电电流，所述第一充电电流大于所述第二充电电流，所述第一充电模式对应的负极电位安全阈值小于所述第二充电模式对应的负极电位安全阈值。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述确定单元具体用于：根据所述动力电池的充电模式和所述动力电池的电池状态参数，确定所述负极电位安全阈值，所述电池状态参数包括所述动力电池的荷电状态SOC、温度和健康状态SOH中的至少一个。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述动力电池的电池状态参数为所述动力电池充电前的电池状态参数。
在一些可能的实现方式中，在相同的充电模式下，当所述动力电池的SOC处于第一SOC区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第一预设负极电位安全阈值；所述动力电池的SOC处于第二SOC区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第二预设负极电位安全阈值；其中，所述第一SOC区间中的SOC小于所述第二SOC区间中的SOC，所述第一预设负极电位安全阈值小于所述第二预设负极电位安全阈值。
在一些可能的实现方式中，在相同的充电模式下，当所述动力电池的温度处于第一温度区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第三预设负极电位安全阈值；所述动力电池的温度处于第二温度区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第四预设负极电位安全阈值；其中，所述第一温度区间中的温度小于所述第二温度区间中的温度，所述第三预设负极电位安全阈值大于所述第四预设负极电位安全阈值。
在一些可能的实现方式中，在相同的充电模式下，当所述动力电池的SOH处于第一SOH区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第五预设负极电位安全阈值；所述动力电池的SOH处于第二SOH区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第六预设负极电位安全阈值；其中，所述第一SOH区间中的SOH小于所述第二SOH区间中的SOH，所述第五预设负极电位安全阈值大于所述第六预设负极电位安全阈值。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述调整单元具体用于：若所述负极电位下降至所述负极电位安全阈值，将所述充电电流从第一充电电流调整为第二充电电流，所述第二充电电流小于所述第一充电电流。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述调整单元具体用于：若所述负极电位未下降至所述负极电位安全阈值且所述动力电池的充电时长大于时间阈值，将所述充电电流从第一充电电流调整为第三充电电流，所述第三充电电流大于所述第一充电电流。
第三方面，提供了一种动力电池的电池管理系统BMS，包括：存储器，用于存储程序；处理器，用于执行所述存储器存储的程序，当所述存储器存储的程序被执行时，所述处理器用于执行上述第一方面或其各实现方式中的方法。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例适用的一种充电系统的架构图。
图2是本申请实施例的动力电池充电的方法的示意性图。
图3是本申请实施例的分级一阶RC等效电路模型的示意图。
图4是是本申请实施例的一种动力电池充电的方法的示意性流程图。
图5是本申请实施例的BMS的示意性框图。
图6是本申请实施例的BMS的示意性框图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在新能源领域中，动力电池可作为用电装置(例如车辆、船舶或航天器等)的主要动力源。目前，市面上的动力电池多为可充电的蓄电池，最常见的是锂电池，例如锂离子电池或锂离子聚合物电池等等。在充电过程中，一般采用持续充电的方式对动力电池进行充电，而对动力电池进行持续充电会造成动力电池的析锂、发热等现象的发生，其中，析锂、发热等现象不仅会使动力电池的性能下降，循环寿命大幅缩短，还限制了动力电池的快充容量，并有可能引起燃烧、爆炸等灾难性后果，造成严重的安全问题。
此外，用户在不同的充电场景下的充电需求可能不同。比如，在用户着急充电时，其对电池的充电需求可能更多偏向于充电速度上；再比如，在用户夜间休息充电时，其对电池的充电速度的需求明显降低，转而更偏向于充电安全上。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提出了一种动力电池充电的方法，能够在保证动力电池的安全性能的基础上满足用户在不同充电场景下的充电需求。
图1示出了本申请实施例适用的一种充电系统的架构图。如图1所示，该充电系统100可包括：充电装置110和电池系统120，可选地，该电池系统120可为电动汽车(包含纯电动汽车和可插电的混合动力电动汽车)中的电池系统或者其它应用场景下的电池系统。
可选地，电池系统120中可设置有至少一个电池包(battery pack)，该至少一个电池包的整体可统称为动力电池121。从电池的种类而言，该动力电池121可以是任意类型的电池，包括但不限于：锂离子电池、锂金属电池、锂硫电池、铅酸电池、镍隔电池、镍氢电池、或者锂空气电池等等。从电池的规模而言，本申请实施例中的动力电池121可以是电芯/电池单体(cell)，也可以是电池模组或电池包，电池模组或电池包均可由多个电池串并联形成，在本申请实施例中，动力电池121的具体类型和规模均不做具体限定。
此外，为了智能化管理及维护该动力电池121，防止动力电池121出现过充电和过放电，延长电池的使用寿命，电池系统120中一般还设置有电池管理系统(battery management system，BMS)122，用于实施充放电管理、高压控制、保护电池、采集电池数据、评估电池状态等功能。可选地，该BMS 122可以与动力电池121集成设置于同一设备或装置中，或者，该BMS 122也可作为独立的设备或装置设置于动力电池121之外。
充电装置110可以按照BMS 122的充电需求输出充电功率，以给动力电池121充电。例如，充电装置110可以按照BMS 122发送的需求电压和需求电流输出电压和电流。可选地，本申请实施例中的充电装置110可以为充电桩，也称为充电机。这里的充电桩例如可以是普通充电桩、超级充电桩、支持汽车对电网(vehicle to grid，V2G)模式的充电桩等。
如图1所示，充电装置110可通过电线130连接于动力电池121，且通过通信线140连接于BMS 122，其中，通信线140用于实现充电装置110以及BMS之间的信息交互。作为示例，该通信线140包括但不限于是控制器局域网(control area network，CAN)通信总线或者菊花链(daisy chain)通信总线。
充电装置110除了可通过通信线140与BMS 122进行通信以外，还可以通过无线网络与BMS 122进行通信。本申请实施例对充电装置110与BMS 122的有线通信类型或无线通信类型均不做具体限定。
图2示出了本申请实施例的一种动力电池的充电方法200的示意性图。方法200可以由BMS执行，BMS例如可以为图1中的BMS 122。方法200可以包括以下内容中的至少部分内容。
步骤S210：获取动力电池的充电模式。
步骤S220：根据动力电池的充电模式，确定动力电池的负极电位安全阈值。
步骤S230：在动力电池的充电过程中，获取动力电池的负极电位。
步骤S240：基于动力电池的负极电位和负极电位安全阈值，调整动力电池的充电电流。
其中，动力电池的充电模式可以包括但不限于超级快充模式、常规快充模式、长寿命充电模式等。超级快充模式偏向于充电速度需求，通常情况下充电电流较大。在用户着急使用包括该动力电池的用电装置的情况下，用户一般会选择超级快充模式。相对于超级快充模式，常规快充模式对充电速度的需求没有那么高，可以理解为在充电速度和充电安全之间折中平衡的一种充电模式。长寿命充电模式偏向于充电安全需 求，对充电速度需求不高。用户在夜间对动力电池充电时一般会选择长寿命充电模式。应理解，超级快充模式、常规快充模式和长寿命充电模式的充电电流依次减小，充电时长依次增大。
当然，动力电池的充电模式还可以包括其他充电模式，如定时长定SOC模式，该充电模式为在规定时长内充电至某一SOC的充电模式，偏向于预约功能。
BMS获取动力电池的充电模式，具体可以为：BMS接收充电桩发送的充电模式信息，该充电模式信息用于指示动力电池的充电模式。具体而言，在用户将充电枪插入充电桩且选择本次充电的充电模式后，充电桩获取到充电模式，从而充电桩可以向BMS发送充电模式信息，该充电模式信息用于指示动力电池的充电模式。相应地，BMS可以接收到该充电模式信息。
或者，包括该动力电池的用电装置上设置有人机交互界面，如触控屏等，用户可以通过该人机交互界面输入该次充电的充电模式，进而BMS可以获取到充电模式。
再或者，包括该动力电池的用电装置可以与用户的电子设备(如智能手机、可穿戴设备等)连接，用户可以通过电子设备选择该次充电的充电模式，这样，BMS可以通过与用电装置连接的电子设备获取到充电模式。
可选地，BMS可以在整个充电过程中只获取一次充电模式。换言之，在动力电池的整个充电过程中，充电模式都是固定的。
可选地，考虑到用户在充电过程中可能会更改充电模式，比如，在用户刚开始充电时选择的长寿命充电模式，充电一段时间后用户可能临时有急事，急需使用该用电装置，则将充电模式更改为超级快充模式。因此，BMS在充电过程中可以多次获取充电模式。示例性地，BMS可以周期性地获取充电模式，比如，BMS可以每隔5s获取一次充电模式。
在BMS获取到充电模式后，BMS可以根据该充电模式，确定动力电池的负极电位安全阈值。
通常情况下，在动力电池的充电过程中，动力电池的负极电位(或称为阳极电位)会逐渐下降，当动力电池的负极电位下降至某一电位时，会出现析锂现象。在本申请实施例中，负极电位安全阈值可以比动力电池出现析锂现象时的负极电位稍高一点，即负极电位安全阈值与动力电池出现析锂现象时的负极电位之差在预设范围内。
在一种实现方式中，BMS可以根据获取到的充电模式，以及根据充电模式和负极电位安全阈值之间的对应关系，确定负极电位安全阈值。
可选地，充电模式和负极电位安全阈值的对应关系可以是预配置在BMS上的。比如，充电模式和负极电位安全阈值的对应关系可以是通过大量的实验数据得到的，之后，在BMS出厂时技术人员可将对应关系配置在BMS上。
作为示例而非限定，充电模式和负极电位安全阈值的对应关系可以是以表格或曲线图的形式预配置在BMS上的。这样，BMS可以通过内部查表或内部查图的方式确定充电模式。
可选地，充电模式和负极电位安全阈值的对应关系也可以是BMS从其他设备处或者从云端获取的。
应理解，充电模式和负极电位安全阈值的对应关系可以每隔预设时间段更新一次，更新后的对应关系可以再预配置在BMS上或者存储在其他设备上或者存储在云端等。
上述技术方案，根据充电模式和负极电位安全阈值的对应关系确定负极电位安全阈值，不仅实现简单，而且时耗较短。
通常情况下，用户选择的充电模式当该用户当前的需求有关。比如，在用户选择超级快充模式时，表明该用户希望在较短的时间内可以将动力电池的电量充至预期电量甚至充满。在这种情况下，负极电位安全阈值不能太高。若负极电位安全阈值太高，则会限制动力电池的充电电流，动力电池的充电时长会延长，这与用户的需求恰恰相反。再比如，在用户选择长寿命充电模式时，表明该用户在未来一段时间内可能不使用包括该动力电池的用电装置，用户对充电速度的需求较低，反而更在意动力电池的安全性能。在这种情况下，负极电位安全阈值不能太低。若负极电位安全阈值太低，可能会出现动力电池的负极电位已下降至析锂的临界电位，但仍未下降至负极电位安全阈值，从而会影响动力电池的安全性能。
因此，在其他因素相同的情况下，充电电流越大的充电模式对应的负极电位安全阈值越小。
在一种实施方式中，充电模式至少包括第一充电模式和第二充电模式，在第一充电模式下，动力电池的充电电流为第一充电电流，在第二充电模式下，动力电池的充电电流为第二充电电流，第一充电电流大于第二充电电流，第一充电模式对应的负极电位安全阈值小于第二充电模式对应的负极电位安全阈值。例如，第一充电模式为超级快充模式，第二充电模式为常规快充模式，在相同的条件下，超级快充模式对应规定负极电位安全阈值为8mv，常规快充模式对应的安全阈值为12mv。
举例说明，充电模式和负极电位安全阈值的对应关系可以如表1所示。其中，负极电位安全阈值的单位为毫伏(mv)。表1中的其他因素为动力电池的健康状态(state of health，SOH)，SOH可用于表示动力电池的老化状态，也可理解为动力电池的剩余寿命。动力电池经过长期运行后性能将会不断衰减，因此，剩余寿命也就越短，即SOH数值也就越小。SOH越小，表明动力电池的析锂风险越高。
表1
Figure PCTCN2021133266-appb-000001
从表1中可以看出，在SOH相同的情况下，超级快充模式、常规快充模式以及长寿命充电模式分别对应的负极电位安全阈值依次增大。比如，在SOH处于(90％,95％]范围时，超级快充模式对应的负极电位安全阈值为8mv，常规快充模式对应的负极电位安全阈值为12mv，长寿命充电模式对应的负极电位安全阈值为15mv。显然，超级快充模式、常规快充模式以及长寿命充电模式分别对应的负极电位安全阈值依次增大。
应理解，表1仅为示例，充电模式不一定只包括超级快充模式、常规快充模式和定时长定SOC模式，在相同的SOH下，充电模式对应的负极电位安全阈值也不一定如表1所示。还应理解，充电模式和负极电位安全阈值的对应关系可以是线性关系也可以是非线性关系。
在另一种实现方式中，BMS可以根据动力电池的充电模式和动力电池的电池的电池状态参数，确定负极电位安全阈值。
其中，动力电池的电池状态参数可以包括但不限于动力电池的荷电状态(state of charge，SOC)、温度和SOH。SOC可用于表示动力电池的剩余容量，其数值上定义为动力电池当前的剩余容量与总的可用容量的比值，常用百分比表示。具体地，SOC＝100％时，表示动力电池完全充满；反之，SOC＝0％时，表示动力电池完全放电。
该技术方案，由于动力电池的析锂风险程度与其自身的电池状态参数密切相关，上述技术方案根据动力电池的电池状态参数确定负极电位安全阈值，使得确定的负极电位安全阈值能够更准确，更接近该动力电池的析锂的临界电位。这样，基于确定的负极电位安全阈值和动力电池的负极电位调整动力电池的充电电流，能够更有效地保证动力电池的安全性能。
可选地，动力电池的电池状态参数可以是动力电池充电前的电池状态参数。即在动力电池充电前，BMS获取动力电池的电池状态参数，并基于该电池状态参数确定负极电位安全阈值。之后，在整个充电过程中，BMS不再获取动力电池的电池状态，负极电位安全阈值也就不再变化。
可选地，动力电池的电池状态参数可以是动力电池充电过程中的电池状态参数。即在动力电池的充电过程中，BMS可以实时获取动力电池的电池状态参数。也就是说，BMS可以试试确定负极电位安全阈值。
其中，BMS可以在动力电池的充电过程中，周期性地获取动力电池的电池状态参数。比如，在动力电池的充电过程中，BMS可以每隔5s获取一次动力电池的电池状态参数。
或者，在动力电池的充电过程中，动力电池的电池状态参数每变化一次，BMS可以获取一次电池状态参数。
由于动力电池的电池状态参数在充电过程中可能是不停发生变化的，上述技术方案，BMS在充电过程中确定动力电池的电池状态参数，这样，确定的电池状态参数可能是最接近当前时刻动力电池的实际电池状态参数的参数，使得BMS根据动力电池的最新的电池状态参数确定的负极电位安全阈值更准确，从而能够进一步在保证电池安全性能的基础上，有效提高电池的充电速度。
在本申请实施例中，在相同的充电模式下，动力电池的析锂风险越高，则负极 电位安全阈值越大。
作为一种示例，在相同的充电模式下，当动力电池的SOC处于第一SOC区间时，负极电位安全阈值为第一预设负极电位安全阈值；当动力电池的SOC处于第二SOC区间时，负极电位安全阈值为第二预设负极电位安全阈值，其中，第一SOC区间中的SOC小于第二SOC区间中的SOC，第一预设负极电位安全阈值小于第二预设负极电位安全阈值。
作为另一种示例，在相同的充电模式下，当动力电池的温度处于第一温度区间时，负极电位安全阈值为第三预设负极电位安全阈值；当动力电池的温度处于第二温度区间时，负极电位安全阈值为第四预设负极电位安全阈值，其中，第一温度区间中的温度小于第二温度区间中的温度，第三预设负极电位安全阈值大于第四预设负极电位安全阈值。
作为再一种示例，在相同的充电模式下，当动力电池的SOH处于第一SOH区间时，负极电位安全阈值为第五预设负极电位安全阈值；当动力电池的SOH处于第二SOH区间时，负极电位安全阈值为第六预设电位安全阈值。其中，第一SOH区间中的SOH小于第二SOH区间中的SOH，第五预设负极电位安全阈值大于第六预设负极电位安全阈值。
例如，继续参考表1，在充电模式为常规快充模式时，动力电池的SOH越小，则负极电位安全阈值越高。
上述技术方案，基于动力电池的析锂风险程度设置负极电位安全阈值，一方面，将析锂风险高的动力电池所对应的负极电位安全阈值设置的相对较大，能够有效抑制动力电池的析锂风险，提高动力电池的安全性能。另一方面，将析锂风险低的动力电池所对应的负极电位安全阈值设置的相对较小，在不影响动力电池安全性能的前提下，可以保证动力电池的充电速度。
本申请实施例对步骤230的具体实现方式不作具体限定。例如，BMS可以通过负极电位预估模型预估动力电池的负极电位，或者BMS可以通过带参比电极的三电极电池实测得到动力电池的负极电位。
在一种实施例中，针对两电极电池，BMS可以通过负极电位预估模型，将电池的正极和负极分开，从而获取到负极电位。其中，负极电位预估模型例如可以为等效电路模型、电化学模型、以及等效电路和电化学耦合模型等。
在另一种实施例中，BMS还可以通过采集带参比电极的三电极电池的负极电位与参比电极的电位获取动力电池的负极电位，其中，三电极电池是指除了包括传统两电极电池的正极和负极之外，还新增一个参比电极，该参比电极例如是锂金属参比电极、锂合金参比电极或铜丝原位镀锂参比电极等。
具体地，可以先建立三电极电池的分极等效模型，该分极等效模型可以包括正极参数和负极参数，以反映该三电极电池的外部特性和内部特性，以便于准确预测负极电位。其中，分极等效模型可以包括Rint模型、分极一阶RC等效电路模型、分极二阶RC等效电路模型等。
图3示出了本申请实施例的分极一阶RC等效电路模型的示意图。如图3所示， Ut为全电池端电压；Uca和Uan分别为正极相对参比电极的电位和负极相对参比电极的电位。OCVca和OCVan分别表示正极的开路电压和负极的开路电压，Rca_0和Ran_0分别表示正极的欧姆内阻和负极的欧姆内阻，Uca_p和Uan_p分别表示正极的极化电压和负极的极化电压，Rca_p和Ran_p分别表示正极的极化内阻和负极的极化内阻，Cca_p和Can_p分别表示正极的极化电容和负极的极化电容，I表示电流。Uca_p’和Uan_p’分别表示Uca_p和Uan_p的导数。
首先，可以通过实测获得正极的开路电压OCVca和负极的开路电压OCVan，然后在根据公式(1)～(5)再结合优化算法，例如最小二乘法、遗传算法等标定模型参数Rca_0、Ran_0、Rca_p、Ran_p、Cca_p和Can_p，最后再利用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法、比例-积分-微分(Proportion Integral Differential，PID)算法或者龙贝格观测器等对负极电位进行预估。
Ut＝Uca–Uan           (1)
Uca＝OCVca+I*Rca_0+Uca_p        (2)
Uan＝OCVan+I*Ran_0+Uan_p         (3)
Uca_p’＝I/Cca_p-Uca_p/(Rca_p*Cca_p)         (4)
Uan_p’＝I/Can_p-Uan_p/(Ran_p*Can_p)         (5)
下面将简单介绍利用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法对负极电位预估的实施例。扩展卡尔曼滤波算法主要由状态方程(6)和观测方程(7)组成，再结合递归方程(8)-(12)对时间和状态迭代更新实现状态估计。
X k+1＝A kX k+B kU k+Q k           (6)
Y k＝C kX k+R k            (7)
Figure PCTCN2021133266-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021133266-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2021133266-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2021133266-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2021133266-appb-000006
其中，X为待估计的状态量，U为可控制输入量，Y为输出量，Q和R分别表示系统误差和测量误差，下标k代表k时刻的变量，下标k-1表示k-1时刻的变量，下标k+1表示k+1时刻的变量，上标“ ∧”表示估计值，上标T表示对矩阵进行转置运算。P为估计误差的协方差矩阵，例如，
Figure PCTCN2021133266-appb-000007
表示k时刻的先验估计协方差矩阵，P k表示k时刻的后验估计协方差矩阵。A、B、C和D为系数矩阵，K k为卡尔曼增益。
将X、A、B、C、Q、R的值代入上述方程中：
Figure PCTCN2021133266-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2021133266-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2021133266-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2021133266-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2021133266-appb-000012
R k＝0.01
即可通过负极电位预估方程获取负极电位：
Figure PCTCN2021133266-appb-000013
在一些实施例中，BMS可以通过预测控制算法确定调整后的充电电流。例如，BMS可以通过比例-积分-微分(proportion integral differential，PID)控制算法确定调整后的充电电流。
具体来说，BMS可以通过以下公式得到调整后的充电电流：
I0 k+1＝I0 k+ΔI k
Figure PCTCN2021133266-appb-000014
其中，I0 k+1为k+1时刻的充电请求电流即调整后的充电电流，I0 k为k时刻的充电请求电流即调整前的充电电流，ΔUan k为k时刻的负极电位安全阈值，也可以为k时刻的动力电池的负极电位，ΔUan k-1为k-1时刻的负极电位安全阈值或者k-1时刻的动力电池的负极电位，k p、k i、k d分别PID控制算法的比例参数、积分参数和微分参数。示例性地，k p可以为20，k i可以为5，k d可以为70。
可选地，方法200还可以包括：BMS确定第一充电电流，并向充电桩发送第一充电电流。具体而言，BMS可以根据动力电池的温度、SOC、SOH和电压等参数确定第一充电电流。充电桩接收到第一充电电流后，充电桩可以基于第一充电电流对动力电池进行充电。
可选地，第一充电电流可以携带于但不限于电池充电需求BCL报文中。
确定负极电位安全阈值和动力电池的负极电位之后，BMS可以在动力电池的充电过程中，基于动力电池的负极电位和负极电位安全阈值，调整动力电池的充电电流。
可选地，BMS可以实时获取动力电池的负极电位，并实时判断动力电池的负极电位是否下降至负极电位安全阈值。比如，BMS可以周期性地获取动力电池的负极电位，并周期性地判断动力电池的负极电位是否下降至负极电位安全阈值。
具体来说，在充电过程中，若动力电池的负极电位下降至负极电位安全阈值，则BMS可以降低动力电池的充电电流，即将充电电流从第一充电电流调整为第二充电电流，第二充电电流小于第一充电电流。
将第一充电电流调整为第二充电电流后，BMS可以向充电桩发送第二充电电流，以使充电桩基于第二充电电流对动力电池进行充电。
上述技术方案，在动力电池的负极电位下降至负极电位安全阈值时，表明该动力电池可能即将出现析锂现象，在这种情况下降低动力电池的充电电流，能够避免由于锂离子聚集等问题引发的动力电池的安全问题，例如电池燃烧或爆炸等，从而保证动力电池的安全性能。
或者，若动力电池的负极电位未下降至负极电位安全阈值，且动力电池的充电时长大于时间阈值，说明当前时刻的充电电流较小，则BMS可以提高动力电池的充电电流，即将充电电流从第一充电电流调整为第三充电电流，第三充电电流大于第一充电电流。
可选地，在BMS向充电桩发送第一充电电流时，BMS可以启动定时器，该定时器的定时时长为时间阈值。在定时器超时后，表明动力电池的充电时长大于时间阈值。
可选地，时间阈值可以为但不限于30s。
将第一充电电流调整为第三充电电流后，BMS可以向充电桩发送第三充电电流，以使充电桩基于第三充电电流对动力电池进行充电。
上述技术方案，若动力电池的负极电位长时间未下降至负极电位安全阈值，则表明动力电池当前时刻的充电电流过小。在这种情况下提高动力电池的充电电流，能够提高充电速度，极大地减小了动力电池的充电时长，进而提高了用户体验。
或者，若动力电池的负极电位未下降至负极电位安全阈值，且动力电池的充电时长小于时间阈值，则动力电池的充电电流不变，BMS可以继续向充电桩发送第一充电电流，或者，BMS可以继续获取动力电池的负极电位，以将负极电位与负极电位安全阈值进行比较。
应理解，BMS调整动力电池的充电电流后，BMS可以继续重新开始计时。
还应理解，在本申请实施例中，“第一”、“第二”和“第三”仅仅为了区分不同的对象，但并不对本申请实施例的范围构成限制。
为了更加清楚地理解本申请实施例的动力电池充电的方法200，以下结合图4描述本申请一种可能的实施例的动力电池充电的方法。
在步骤401中，BMS判断动力电池是否处于充电状态。
若动力电池处于充电状态，则执行步骤402；若动力电池未处于充电状态，则 执行步骤411。
在步骤402中，BMS获取动力电池的充电模式。
在步骤403中，BMS根据动力电池的充电模式，确定动力电池的负极电位安全阈值。
在步骤404中，BMS确定动力电池的第一充电电流I1。
具体而言，BMS可以先获取动力电池的SOC、SOH、温度和电压等参数，并根据动力电池的SOC、SOH、温度和电压等参数确定I1。
在步骤405中，BMS向充电桩发送第一充电电流I1以请求充电，并开始计时。
在步骤406中，BMS获取动力电池的负极电位。
在步骤407中，BMS将动力电池的负极电位与负极电位安全阈值进行比较，判断动力电池的负极电位是否下降至负极电位安全阈值。
若动力电池的负极电位下降至负极电位安全阈值，则执行步骤408；若动力电池的负极电位安全阈值未下降至负极电位安全阈值，则执行步骤409。
在步骤408中，BMS将第一充电电流I1调整为第二充电电流I2，并向充电桩发送第二充电电流I2，以使充电桩基于I2对动力电池进行充电。
在步骤409中，BMS判断动力电池的充电时长是否大于时间阈值。
若充电时长大于时间阈值，则BMS执行步骤410；若充电时长小于时间阈值，则BMS执行步骤405。
在步骤410中，BMS将第一充电电流I1调整为第三充电电流I3，并向充电桩发送第三充电电流I3，以使充电桩基于I3对动力电池进行充电。
在步骤411中，BMS判断动力电池是否处于满充状态或拔枪状态。
若动力电池处于满充状态或拔枪状态，则本次充电过程结束；若动力电池未处于满充状态或拔枪状态，则BMS继续执行步骤406。
本申请实施例，一方面，由于通常情况下动力电池的充电模式是用户在当前充电场景下根据自身需求选择的充电模式，因此根据充电模式确定的负极电位安全阈值来调整充电电流能够满足用户在不同充电场景下的充电需求；另一方面，根据动力电池的负极电位和负极电位安全阈值调整动力电池的充电电流，能够避免由于锂离子聚集等问题引发的动力电池的安全问题，例如电池燃烧或爆炸等，从而保证动力电池的安全性能。进一步地，上述技术方案通过软件实现，即在不增加BMS硬件成本的基础上，实现了保证动力电池的安全性能和满足用户在不同充电场景下的充电需求的目的。
上文详细描述了本申请实施例的方法实施例，下面描述本申请实施例的装置实施例，装置实施例与方法实施例相互对应，因此未详细描述的部分可参见前面各方法实施例，装置可以实现上述方法中任意可能实现的方式。
图5示出了本申请一个实施例的BMS 500的示意性框图。该BMS 500可以执行上述本申请实施例的动力电池充电的方法200。如图5所示，该BMS 500可以包括：
获取单元510，用于获取所述动力电池的充电模式。
确定单元520，用于根据所述动力电池的充电模式，确定所述动力电池的负极电位安全阈值。
该获取单元510还用于，在所述动力电池的充电过程中，获取所述动力电池的负极电位。
调整单元530，用于基于所述动力电池的负极电位和所述负极电位安全阈值，调整所述动力电池的充电电流。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，所述确定单元520具体用于：根据所述动力电池的充电模式，以及根据充电模式和负极电位安全阈值的对应关系，确定所述动力电池的负极电位安全阈值。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，所述充电模式至少包括第一充电模式或第二充电模式；其中，在所述第一充电模式下，所述动力电池的充电电流为第一充电电流，在所述第二充电模式下，所述动力电池的充电电流为第二充电电流，所述第一充电电流大于所述第二充电电流，所述第一充电模式对应的负极电位安全阈值小于所述第二充电模式对应的负极电位安全阈值。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，所述确定单元520具体用于：根据所述动力电池的充电模式和所述动力电池的电池状态参数，确定所述负极电位安全阈值，所述电池状态参数包括所述动力电池的荷电状态SOC、温度和健康状态SOH中的至少一个。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，所述动力电池的电池状态参数为所述动力电池充电前的电池状态参数。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，在相同的充电模式下，当所述动力电池的SOC处于第一SOC区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第一预设负极电位安全阈值；所述动力电池的SOC处于第二SOC区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第二预设负极电位安全阈值；其中，所述第一SOC区间中的SOC小于所述第二SOC区间中的SOC，所述第一预设负极电位安全阈值小于所述第二预设负极电位安全阈值。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，在相同的充电模式下，当所述动力电池的温度处于第一温度区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第三预设负极电位安全阈值；所述动力电池的温度处于第二温度区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第四预设负极电位安全阈值；其中，所述第一温度区间中的温度小于所述第二温度区间中的温度，所述第三预设负极电位安全阈值大于所述第四预设负极电位安全阈值。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，在相同的充电模式下，当所述动力电池的SOH处于第一SOH区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第五预设负极电位安全阈值；
所述动力电池的SOH处于第二SOH区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第六预设负极电位安全阈值；其中，所述第一SOH区间中的SOH小于所述第二SOH区间中的SOH，所述第五预设负极电位安全阈值大于所述第六预设负极电位安全阈值。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，所述调整单元530具体用于：若所述负极电位下降至所述负极电位安全阈值，将所述充电电流从第一充电电流调整为第二充电电流，所述第二充电电流小于所述第一充电电流。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，所述调整单元530具体用于：若所述负极电位未下降至所述负极电位安全阈值且所述动力电池的充电时长大于时间阈值，将所述充电电流从第一充电电流调整为第三充电电流，所述第三充电电流大于所述第一充电 电流。
应理解，该BMS 500可以实现方法200中BMS的相应操作，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。相应地，该BMS 500可以实现与前述方法200相同的技术效果，为了内容的简洁，此处不再进行描述。
图6是本申请实施例的BMS的硬件结构示意图。BMS 600包括存储器601、处理器602、通信接口603以及总线604。其中，存储器601、处理器602、通信接口603通过总线604实现彼此之间的通信连接。
存储器601可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)，静态存储设备和随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)。存储器601可以存储程序，当存储器601中存储的程序被处理器602执行时，处理器602和通信接口603用于执行本申请实施例的动力电池充电的方法的各个步骤。
处理器602可以采用通用的中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)，微处理器，应用专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，图形处理器(graphics processing unit，GPU)或者一个或多个集成电路，用于执行相关程序，以实现本申请实施例的装置中的单元所需执行的功能，或者执行本申请实施例的动力电池充电的方法。
处理器602还可以是一种集成电路芯片，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，本申请实施例的动力电池充电的方法的各个步骤可以通过处理器602中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。
上述处理器602还可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processing，DSP)、ASIC、现成可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。可以实现或者执行本申请实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成，或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器601，处理器602读取存储器601中的信息，结合其硬件完成本申请实施例的BMS中包括的单元所需执行的功能，或者执行本申请实施例的动力电池充电的方法。
通信接口603使用例如但不限于收发器一类的收发装置，来实现BMS 600与其他设备或通信网络之间的通信。例如，BMS 600可以通过通信接口603向充电桩发送充电请求信息。
总线604可包括在装置600各个部件(例如，存储器601、处理器602、通信接口603)之间传送信息的通路。
应注意，尽管上述BMS 600仅仅示出了存储器、处理器、通信接口，但是在具体实现过程中，本领域的技术人员应当理解，BMS 600还可以包括实现正常运行所必须的其他器件。同时，根据具体需要，本领域的技术人员应当理解，BMS 600还可包括实现其他附加功能的硬件器件。此外，本领域的技术人员应当理解，装BMS 600也 可仅仅包括实现本申请实施例所必须的器件，而不必包括图6中所示的全部器件。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，存储用于设备执行的程序代码，所述程序代码包括用于执行上述动力电池充电的方法中的步骤的指令。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包括存储在计算机可读存储介质上的计算机程序，所述计算机程序包括程序指令，当所述程序指令被计算机执行时，使所述计算机执行上述动力电池充电的方法。
上述的计算机可读存储介质可以是暂态计算机可读存储介质，也可以是非暂态计算机可读存储介质。
应理解，在本申请的各种实施例中，各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
还应理解，本说明书中描述的各种实施方式，既可以单独实施，也可以组合实施，本申请实施例对此并不限定。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种动力电池充电的方法，其特征在于，应用于所述动力电池的电池管理系统，所述方法包括：
    获取所述动力电池的充电模式；
    根据所述动力电池的充电模式，确定所述动力电池的负极电位安全阈值；
    在所述动力电池的充电过程中，获取所述动力电池的负极电位；
    基于所述动力电池的负极电位和所述负极电位安全阈值，调整所述动力电池的充电电流。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述动力电池的充电模式，确定所述动力电池的负极电位安全阈值，包括：
    根据所述动力电池的充电模式，以及根据充电模式和负极电位安全阈值的对应关系，确定所述动力电池的负极电位安全阈值。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述充电模式至少包括第一充电模式或第二充电模式；
    其中，在所述第一充电模式下，所述动力电池的充电电流为第一充电电流，在所述第二充电模式下，所述动力电池的充电电流为第二充电电流，所述第一充电电流大于所述第二充电电流，所述第一充电模式对应的负极电位安全阈值小于所述第二充电模式对应的负极电位安全阈值。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述动力电池的充电模式，确定所述动力电池的负极电位安全阈值，包括：
    根据所述动力电池的充电模式和所述动力电池的电池状态参数，确定所述负极电位安全阈值，所述电池状态参数包括所述动力电池的荷电状态SOC、温度和健康状态SOH中的至少一个。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述动力电池的电池状态参数为所述动力电池充电前的电池状态参数。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的方法，其特征在于，在相同的充电模式下，当所述动力电池的SOC处于第一SOC区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第一预设负极电位安全阈值；
    所述动力电池的SOC处于第二SOC区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第二预设负极电位安全阈值；
    其中，所述第一SOC区间中的SOC小于所述第二SOC区间中的SOC，所述第一预设负极电位安全阈值小于所述第二预设负极电位安全阈值。
  7. 根据权利要求4至6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在相同的充电模式下，当所述动力电池的温度处于第一温度区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第三预设负极电位安全阈值；
    所述动力电池的温度处于第二温度区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第四预设负 极电位安全阈值；
    其中，所述第一温度区间中的温度小于所述第二温度区间中的温度，所述第三预设负极电位安全阈值大于所述第四预设负极电位安全阈值。
  8. 根据权利要求4至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在相同的充电模式下，当所述动力电池的SOH处于第一SOH区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第五预设负极电位安全阈值；
    所述动力电池的SOH处于第二SOH区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第六预设负极电位安全阈值；
    其中，所述第一SOH区间中的SOH小于所述第二SOH区间中的SOH，所述第五预设负极电位安全阈值大于所述第六预设负极电位安全阈值。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基于所述动力电池的负极电位和所述负极电位安全阈值，调整所述动力电池的充电电流，包括：
    若所述负极电位下降至所述负极电位安全阈值，将所述充电电流从第一充电电流调整为第二充电电流，所述第二充电电流小于所述第一充电电流。
  10. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基于所述动力电池的负极电位和所述负极电位安全阈值，调整所述动力电池的充电电流，包括：
    若所述负极电位未下降至所述负极电位安全阈值且所述动力电池的充电时长大于时间阈值，将所述充电电流从第一充电电流调整为第三充电电流，所述第三充电电流大于所述第一充电电流。
  11. 一种动力电池的电池管理系统，其特征在于，包括：
    获取单元，用于获取所述动力电池的充电模式；
    确定单元，用于根据所述动力电池的充电模式，确定所述动力电池的负极电位安全阈值；
    所述获取单元还用于，在所述动力电池的充电过程中，获取所述动力电池的负极电位；
    调整单元，用于基于所述动力电池的负极电位和所述负极电位安全阈值，调整所述动力电池的充电电流。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池管理系统，其特征在于，所述确定单元具体用于：
    根据所述动力电池的充电模式，以及根据充电模式和负极电位安全阈值的对应关系，确定所述动力电池的负极电位安全阈值。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的电池管理系统，其特征在于，所述充电模式至少包括第一充电模式或第二充电模式；
    其中，在所述第一充电模式下，所述动力电池的充电电流为第一充电电流，在所述第二充电模式下，所述动力电池的充电电流为第二充电电流，所述第一充电电流大于所述第二充电电流，所述第一充电模式对应的负极电位安全阈值小于所述第二充电模式对应的负极电位安全阈值。
  14. 根据权利要求11至13中任一项所述的电池管理系统，其特征在于，所述确定单元具体用于：
    根据所述动力电池的充电模式和所述动力电池的电池状态参数，确定所述负极电位安全阈值，所述电池状态参数包括所述动力电池的荷电状态SOC、温度和健康状态SOH中的至少一个。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电池管理系统，其特征在于，所述动力电池的电池状态参数为所述动力电池充电前的电池状态参数。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的电池管理系统，其特征在于，在相同的充电模式下，当所述动力电池的SOC处于第一SOC区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第一预设负极电位安全阈值；
    所述动力电池的SOC处于第二SOC区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第二预设负极电位安全阈值；
    其中，所述第一SOC区间中的SOC小于所述第二SOC区间中的SOC，所述第一预设负极电位安全阈值小于所述第二预设负极电位安全阈值。
  17. 根据权利要求14至16中任一项所述的电池管理系统，其特征在于，在相同的充电模式下，当所述动力电池的温度处于第一温度区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第三预设负极电位安全阈值；
    所述动力电池的温度处于第二温度区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第四预设负极电位安全阈值；
    其中，所述第一温度区间中的温度小于所述第二温度区间中的温度，所述第三预设负极电位安全阈值大于所述第四预设负极电位安全阈值。
  18. 根据权利要求14至17中任一项所述的电池管理系统，其特征在于，在相同的充电模式下，当所述动力电池的SOH处于第一SOH区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第五预设负极电位安全阈值；
    所述动力电池的SOH处于第二SOH区间时，所述负极电位安全阈值为第六预设负极电位安全阈值；
    其中，所述第一SOH区间中的SOH小于所述第二SOH区间中的SOH，所述第五预设负极电位安全阈值大于所述第六预设负极电位安全阈值。
  19. 根据权利要求11至18中任一项所述的电池管理系统，其特征在于，所述调整单元具体用于：
    若所述负极电位下降至所述负极电位安全阈值，将所述充电电流从第一充电电流调整为第二充电电流，所述第二充电电流小于所述第一充电电流。
  20. 根据权利要求11至18中任一项所述的电池管理系统，其特征在于，所述调整单元具体用于：
    若所述负极电位未下降至所述负极电位安全阈值且所述动力电池的充电时长大于时间阈值，将所述充电电流从第一充电电流调整为第三充电电流，所述第三充电电流大于所述第一充电电流。
  21. 一种动力电池的电池管理系统，其特征在于，包括处理器和存储器，所述存储器用于存储计算机程序，所述处理器用于调用所述计算机程序，执行如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的动力电池充电的方法。
PCT/CN2021/133266 2021-11-25 2021-11-25 动力电池充电的方法和电池管理系统 WO2023092414A1 (zh)

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