WO2023089986A1 - 化合物、そのラセミ体、それらの塩、組成物、抗炎症剤、認知症治療剤及びRett症候群治療剤 - Google Patents
化合物、そのラセミ体、それらの塩、組成物、抗炎症剤、認知症治療剤及びRett症候群治療剤 Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
- A61K31/661—Phosphorus acids or esters thereof not having P—C bonds, e.g. fosfosal, dichlorvos, malathion or mevinphos
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
- C07F9/10—Phosphatides, e.g. lecithin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to compounds, racemates thereof, salts thereof, compositions, anti-inflammatory agents, therapeutic agents for dementia, and therapeutic agents for Rett's syndrome.
- Plasmalogen is a type of phospholipid with antioxidant activity and is one of the glycerophospholipids. Plasmalogens are present in all mammalian tissues and constitute approximately 18% of the phospholipids in the human body. In particular, plasmalogen is known to be abundant in cranial nerves, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, leukocytes and sperm.
- Plasmalogens Since many plasmalogens are bound to polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid, storage of polyunsaturated fatty acids, prostaglandins and leukotrienes produced from these polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc. It is involved in the release of second messengers for intercellular signals in cells. Plasmalogens are also involved in cell fusion, ion transport, and the like. Plasmalogens also perform cellular antioxidant functions, as the vinyl ether (alkenyl) bonds of plasmalogens are particularly sensitive to oxidative stress.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an anti-central nervous system inflammatory agent containing plasmalogen.
- Plasmalogen is known to decrease in neurological diseases such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, depression, and schizophrenia, as well as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, ischemic heart disease, infectious diseases, and immune disorders.
- Non-Patent Document 1 reported that ethanolamine-type plasmalogen is significantly decreased in the frontal lobe and hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease brains.
- Non-Patent Document 2 reports that serum plasmalogen is reduced in Alzheimer's disease patients.
- Non-Patent Document 3 reports that choline-type plasmalogen is decreased in a group of patients with ischemic heart disease compared to a group of normal controls.
- Patent Literature 2 proposes a method of extracting breast meat in a layer using ethanol as an extraction solvent and recovering the extract.
- Patent Document 3 bivalves such as scallops are subjected to an extraction treatment with a mixed solvent of a nonpolar organic solvent and a branched alcohol, and treated with phospholipase A1 (PLA1) to obtain diacyl glyceroline, which is a contaminant.
- PPA1 phospholipase A1
- a method has been proposed which is characterized by the removal of lipids by hydrolysis.
- Non-Patent Document 4 as a result of oral administration of plasmalogen extracted from scallop strings in a randomized double-blind clinical trial targeting humans with mild Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment, cognitive function was improved with mild Alzheimer's disease. It has been reported that it is strongly suggested that
- Patent Document 4 discloses a novel plasmalogen precursor in which ⁇ -lipoic acid is bound to the sn-3 position of plasmalogen. In Non-Patent Document 5, these derivatives are shown to be effective in monkey Parkinson's disease models.
- Patent Document 5 proposes that a derivative obtained by acetylating the sn-1 position is a good carrier for docosahexaenoic acid.
- Non-Patent Document 6 reports that the derivative is effective in an acute stroke model in rats.
- An object of the present invention is to provide compounds, racemates thereof, salts thereof, compositions, anti-inflammatory agents, therapeutic agents for dementia, and therapeutic agents for Rett's syndrome that exhibit excellent anti-inflammatory effects.
- plasmalogen exhibits excellent anti-inflammatory effects even without a vinyl ether bond at the sn-1 position, which is a major feature of plasmalogen, and in Rett syndrome model animals.
- the present invention was completed based on the discovery that the Rett syndrome-like symptoms were ameliorated.
- the compounds according to the first aspect of the present invention, their racemates or their salts are A compound represented by formula (I), a racemate thereof, or a salt thereof.
- the carbon atom of the glycerol skeleton may have a substituent
- the oxygen atom bonded to R 1 is *
- R 1 may have a substituent is.
- composition according to the second aspect of the present invention comprises It contains the compound according to the first aspect of the present invention, its racemate, or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- the anti-inflammatory agent according to the third aspect of the present invention is The composition according to the second aspect of the present invention is included.
- the anti-inflammatory agent according to the third aspect of the present invention is for the prevention or amelioration of cranial neuroinflammatory diseases, You can do it.
- the therapeutic agent for dementia according to the fourth aspect of the present invention is The composition according to the second aspect of the present invention is included.
- the therapeutic agent for Rett syndrome according to the fifth aspect of the present invention is The composition according to the second aspect of the present invention is included.
- the compounds, etc. according to the present invention exhibit excellent anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, the compounds, etc. of the present invention improve symptoms of dementia and Rett's syndrome.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the expression level of p65 in the nucleus induced by LPS according to Test Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the expression level of IL-1 ⁇ induced by LPS according to Test Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the expression level of IL-1 ⁇ induced by LPS according to Test Example 2.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing survival days of mice according to Test Example 3.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing changes over time in Rett syndrome (hereinafter also referred to as “RTT”)-like score according to Test Example 4;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing body weights of mice according to Test Example 5.
- FIG. FIG. 10 shows the results of a water maze test of an LPS-induced memory impairment model mouse according to Test Example 6.
- FIG. 10 shows the results of a water maze test of an LPS-induced memory impairment model mouse according to Test Example 6.
- the compound according to this embodiment is represented by formula (I).
- the carbon atom of the glycerol skeleton in formula (I) may have a substituent.
- substituents on the carbon atoms of the glycerol skeleton include hydroxy group, halogen, aryl group, alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 1 has include a hydroxy group, a halogen group, an aryl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and the like.
- the compound according to the present embodiment is represented by formula (II) below.
- a racemate of the above compound, a salt of the compound, and a salt of the racemate are provided. It is not particularly limited as long as it is a pharmacologically acceptable salt, and may be either an acid salt or a basic salt.
- salts include alkali metal salts such as lithium salts, sodium salts and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium salts and calcium salts, hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulfates, nitrates, oxalic acid Salts and inorganic acid salts such as phosphates and acetates, propionates, hexanoates, cyclopentanepropionates, glycolates, pyruvates, lactates, malonates, succinates, malic acid salt, fumarate, tartrate, citrate, benzoate, o-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoate, cinnamate, mandelate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, 1,2 - ethanedisulfonate, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-chlorobenzenesulfonate, 2-naphthal
- the compound according to this embodiment can be synthesized by a known method. For example, when synthesizing a compound in which R 1 is ethanolamine, tert-butyl (2-((tert-butoxy((R)-2-hydroxy-3-(octadecyloxy)propoxy)phosphoryl)oxy)ethyl ) The carbamate is reacted with arachidonic acid using a condensing agent. The compound according to the present embodiment can be obtained by deprotecting the obtained product with a strong acid such as trifluoroacetic acid.
- the condensing agent is not particularly limited, and includes 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) hydrochloride, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), HATU, HBTU, TATU, TBTU and diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA). can be used.
- EDC 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide
- DCC dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- HATU hexylcarbodiimide
- HBTU HBTU
- TATU TATU
- TBTU diphenylphosphoryl azide
- DMAP dimethylaminopyridine
- the compound according to the present embodiment has a novel structure and has an anti-inflammatory effect as shown in the examples below.
- composition comprising the compound represented by formula (I) above, its racemate, or a salt thereof (hereinafter also referred to as "compounds, etc.") as an active ingredient.
- the composition may contain other pharmacologically acceptable ingredients.
- the composition has an anti-inflammatory effect as shown in the examples below, it can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent for the prevention or treatment of inflammatory diseases.
- the composition is particularly effective for prevention or treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.
- Cranial neuroinflammatory diseases include, for example, dementia, Parkinson's disease, depression and schizophrenia.
- the composition is particularly effective for Alzheimer's dementia.
- a therapeutic agent for dementia containing the composition as an active ingredient is provided.
- the composition is effective in preventing or treating RTT, a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the MeCP2 gene on the X chromosome. Therefore, the composition can be used as an active ingredient of an RTT therapeutic agent.
- RTT mainly develops in girls, who grow normally for about six months to one year after birth, but then show various neurological symptoms such as autistic tendencies.
- the anti-inflammatory agent containing the above composition will be described below, but the therapeutic agent for dementia and the therapeutic agent for RTT can be referred to by replacing the anti-inflammatory agent with the therapeutic agent for dementia and the therapeutic agent for RTT, respectively.
- the content of compounds, etc. in the anti-inflammatory agent is adjusted as appropriate.
- the anti-inflammatory agent contains 0.00001 to 99.9% by mass, 0.0001 to 99.8% by mass, 0.001 to 99.7% by mass, 0.005 to 99.6% by mass, 0.01 to 99.5% by mass, 0.1 to 99% by mass, 0.5 to 60% by mass, 1 to 50% by mass, or 1 to 2% by mass of compounds and the like.
- Anti-inflammatory agents are used for cells, living tissues, organisms and animals. Pharmaceutical anti-inflammatory agents are administered to humans and animals. Animals are preferably mammals, more specifically dogs, cats, cows, pigs, horses, sheep and deer.
- Anti-inflammatory agents are preferably used as external preparations, injections and orally administered preparations.
- Anti-inflammatory agents may include, for example, compounds and the like, and pharmacologically acceptable carriers.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are various organic or inorganic carrier substances used as pharmaceutical ingredients.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are, for example, excipients, lubricants, binders and disintegrants in solid formulations, or solvents, solubilizers, suspending agents, tonicity agents and buffers in liquid formulations. and an analgesic. Additives such as preservatives, antioxidants, coloring agents and sweetening agents may also be added as necessary.
- Anti-inflammatory agents are manufactured by known methods and provided in the form of liquids, creams, ointments, tablets, granules, fine granules, powders, tablets and capsules, for example.
- the dosage of the anti-inflammatory agent is appropriately determined according to the age, weight, symptoms, etc. of the human or animal to be administered.
- the anti-inflammatory agent is administered such that the compound etc. is in an effective amount.
- An effective amount is that amount of a compound or the like necessary to produce a desired result, and is that amount necessary to slow, inhibit, prevent, reverse or cure the condition being treated or treated.
- the compounds and the like according to the present embodiment may be used as reagents in in vitro and in vivo experiments.
- the composition is provided as an anti-inflammatory oral composition, an oral composition for treating dementia, or an oral composition for treating RTT.
- Specific examples of the anti-inflammatory oral composition, the oral composition for treating dementia, and the oral composition for RTT treatment include supplements, food compositions, food and drink, functional foods, and food additives.
- the form of the supplement is not particularly limited, and may be in any form such as tablets, powders, granules, capsules, sugar-coated tablets, films, lozenges, chewables, solutions, emulsions and suspensions.
- a supplement may contain any ingredient normally used as a supplement.
- “Functional food” means food or beverage that is ingested for the purpose of maintaining health.
- the functional food food with specified health uses or food with nutrient function claims, which are foods with health claims, are preferable.
- various additives used in food specifically, coloring agents, preservatives, thickening stabilizers, antioxidants, bleaching agents, antibacterial antifungal agents , acidulants, sweeteners, flavor enhancers, emulsifiers, enhancers, manufacturing agents, flavoring agents and the like may be added to the anti-inflammatory oral composition.
- Functional foods may be foods or beverages, and are not particularly limited as long as they can be taken orally.
- Examples of functional foods include beverages, confectionery, processed grain products, paste products, dairy products, and seasonings.
- Beverages include nutritional drinks, soft drinks, black tea, green tea, and the like.
- Confectionery includes candies, cookies, tablet confectionery, chewing gum, jelly, and the like.
- Bread, rice, biscuits and the like are exemplified as processed grain noodles. Sausages, hams, fish cakes, and the like are examples of paste products.
- Dairy products include butter and yogurt.
- the anti-inflammatory oral composition, the oral composition for treating dementia, and the oral composition for RTT treatment may be added to foods as food additives.
- the food additives may be pastes, gels, powders, liquids, suspensions, emulsions, granules, etc. so as to be easily added to foods.
- the anti-inflammatory oral composition, the oral composition for treating dementia, and the oral composition for RTT treatment contain water, vitamins, minerals, organic acids, organic bases, It may contain fruit juice, flavor, functional ingredients, food additives, and the like.
- the anti-inflammatory oral composition, the oral composition for the treatment of dementia, and the oral composition for the treatment of RTT can be produced by known methods by adding other ingredients other than the above-mentioned compounds, etc., if necessary.
- the anti-inflammatory oral composition, the oral composition for treating dementia, and the oral composition for RTT treatment may be divided and housed in one or more containers so that the daily intake is the above-mentioned intake.
- one container preferably contains one day's worth of the anti-inflammatory oral composition, dementia therapeutic oral composition or RTT therapeutic oral composition.
- the anti-inflammatory oral composition, the oral composition for treating dementia, and the oral composition for RTT treatment are provided in a manner that can be distinguished from other products as products in that they are used for inflammatory diseases, dementia, or RTT. be done.
- at least one of the product packaging, instructions and promotional material for the anti-inflammatory oral composition is labeled as having anti-inflammatory activity.
- At least one of the packaging, instructions, and promotional material of the oral composition for treating dementia is labeled as having an action to improve dementia.
- at least one of the packaging, instructions, and promotional materials of the oral composition for RTT treatment indicates that it has an RTT-improving effect.
- KIT-13 was synthesized as a compound according to formula (I) as follows.
- KIT-2 was synthesized as follows.
- tert-butyl (2-((tert-butoxy((R)-2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3-(octadecyloxy)propoxy)phosphoryl)oxy)ethyl)carbamate (980 mg, 1.33 mmol ) and triethylamine (2.7 mL, 19.5 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (13 mL), triethylamine trihydrofluoride (2.2 mL, 13 mmol) was added at room temperature, the temperature was raised to 40° C., and 18 Stirred for an hour. A saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution was added thereto, and the mixture was extracted twice with chloroform.
- BV2 cells which are mouse microglial cells, were incubated in DMEM medium containing 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 16 hours in the presence (5 ⁇ g/ml) and absence of KIT-2 or KIT-13. cultured. After that, they were treated with LPS (1 ⁇ g/ml) for 6 hours. Subsequently, nuclear proteins were extracted from the cells, and p65 was detected by Western blotting. Anti-p65 NFkB antibody (Ref no. 51-0500, Invitrogen) was used for detection.
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- the inflammatory cytokine IL-1 ⁇ was detected from 20 ⁇ l of the LPS-treated cell culture supernatant by ELISA using a mouse IL-1 ⁇ ELISA kit (manufactured by Rand D Systems; Catalog no. DY401-05).
- KIT-13 markedly suppressed the nuclear accumulation of p65 induced by LPS.
- KIT-13 markedly reduced the expression of the LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine IL-1 ⁇ .
- Plasmalogen was prepared from scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) by the following method. Cochrase P (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Foods) was added to raw scallops and mixed, ethanol was added, and suction filtration was performed. The filtrate was dried on a rotary evaporator to obtain sPls.
- BV2 cells were cultured in DMEM medium containing 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 16 hours in the presence (5 ⁇ g/ml) and absence of sPls or KIT-13. After that, they were treated with LPS (1 ⁇ g/ml) for 2 hours. Subsequently, intracellular RNA was extracted using TRIzol (trademark) reagent, and cDNA was prepared from the RNA using PrimeScript (trademark) 1st strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (manufactured by Takara, 6110). Using TaKaRa TaqTM (manufactured by Takara, R110A), the expression levels of IL-1 ⁇ gene and ⁇ -actin gene as an internal standard were quantified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- the forward and reverse primer sequences for the IL-1 ⁇ gene are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 2, respectively.
- the nucleotide sequences of forward and reverse primers for the ⁇ -actin gene are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 3 and 4, respectively.
- FIG. 3 shows IL-1 ⁇ gene expression relative to controls not treated with LPS (average of three PCR samples prepared from the same cDNA sample). KIT-13 and sPls significantly suppressed the expression of the IL-1 ⁇ gene compared to the case where they were not added.
- Figure 4 shows the number of days the mice survived.
- the KIT-13 administration group had a higher survival rate than the control group.
- the number of days until the survival rate reached 50% was 64.5 days for the mice in the control group, while the survival days for the mice in the KIT-13 administration group was 90 days. From the above, it was shown that the RTT model mice to which KIT-13 was administered had a longer life span.
- RTT-like scoring was performed once a week from 5 weeks of age on the following items 1 to 6.
- Hindlimb clasp Observe the mouse when it is hung by the base of its tail. 0 points: Spread the legs outward. Score 1: Hind leg pulled in opposite direction or one leg pulled toward body. 2 points: Tightly pull both legs together. To attract or touch each other. 4. Tremor Observe the mouse standing on a flat palm. 0 points: No shaking. 1 point: Intermittent, mild shaking. 2 points: continuous shaking or intermittent violent shaking. 5. Breathing Observe flank movements while the animal is stationary. 0 points: normal breathing. Score 1: Periods of regular breathing interspersed with short periods of faster breathing or respiratory arrest. 2 points: Very irregular breathing. gasping or shortness of breath. 6.
- Fig. 5 shows the changes in RTT-like scores over time.
- a lower RTT-like score indicates that RTT-like symptoms are suppressed.
- Administration of KIT-13 reduced the RTT-like scores of mice. Therefore, it was revealed that administration of KIT-13 improved RTT-like symptoms.
- FIG. 6 shows changes in body weight over time. No statistical difference was found between the changes in body weight of the KIT-13 administration group and those of the control group (t-test). Therefore, KIT-13 is believed to be non-toxic.
- Fig. 7 shows the time required to reach the evacuation platform (arrival time). Comparison between groups was performed by ANOVA test and Bonferroni's post hoc test.
- the LPS group showed decreased memory (increased arrival time) compared to the control group (P ⁇ 0.01).
- the KIT-13 group showed an improvement in memory at the 6th trial compared to the LPS group (P ⁇ 0.01). Therefore, KIT-13 is effective in improving brain function (cognitive function).
- the present invention is useful for pharmaceuticals and oral compositions.
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Abstract
Description
式(I)で示される化合物、そのラセミ体又はそれらの塩である。
上記本発明の第1の観点に係る化合物、そのラセミ体又はそれらの塩を有効成分として含む。
上記本発明の第2の観点に係る組成物を含む。
脳神経炎症性疾患の予防又は改善用である、
こととしてもよい。
上記本発明の第2の観点に係る組成物を含む。
上記本発明の第2の観点に係る組成物を含む。
以下のように、式(I)に係る化合物としてKIT-13を合成した。
KIT-2又はKIT-13の存在下(5μg/ml)、及び非存在下の各条件下で、2%ウシ胎仔血清(FBS)を含むDMEM培地においてマウスのミクログリア細胞であるBV2細胞を16時間培養した。その後、LPS(1μg/ml)で6時間処理した。続いて、細胞から核内のタンパク質を抽出して、ウエスタンブロッティング法によりp65を検出した。検出に使用した抗体は、抗p65 NFkB抗体(Ref no.51-0500、Invitrogen社製)である。
図1は、LPSで処理していない対照に対する20μgの核内のタンパク質におけるp65の発現量を示す(n=2)。KIT-13はLPSによって誘発されるp65の核内蓄積を顕著に抑制した。図2は5000細胞におけるIL-1βタンパク質の量を示す(n=4)。KIT-13は、LPSによって誘発される炎症性サイトカインIL-1βの発現を顕著に低減させた。
ホタテガイ(Mizuhopecten yessoensis)から次の方法でプラズマローゲン(sPls)を調製した。生ホタテヒモにコクラーゼP(三菱ケミカルフーズ社製)を加え混和し、エタノールを加え、吸引濾過した。ろ液をロータリーエバポレーターで乾固し、sPlsを得た。
図3は、LPSで処理していない対照に対するIL-1β遺伝子の発現量を示す(同一のcDNA試料から調製した3つのPCR試料の平均)。KIT-13及びsPlsはこれらを添加しない場合と比較して有意にIL-1β遺伝子の発現を抑制した。
本試験例では、RTTと同様の表現型を示すMeCP2欠損マウスを用いて、KIT-13がマウスの成長に与える影響を評価した。
KIT-13を投与したMeCP2欠損マウスのRTT様症状について、RTT様スコアリングによって評価した。試験には、4週齢の雄性MeCP2欠損マウスを用いた。MeCP2欠損マウスを、KIT-13投与群(KO-KIT-13、n=14)及び対照群(KO、n=15)の2群に分けた。KIT-13投与群には、KIT-13を試験例3と同様に20ng/g体重となるように飲水投与した。また、対照群には水のみを同様に与えた。
1.Mobility
マウスを台の上に穏やかに置いて観察。
0点:野生型と同じ。
1点:野生型と比較して、動きが少ない。(始めに台に置いた時にフリージング期間が長い、じっとしている時間が長い。)
2点:台に置いてから自発的な動きがない。穏やかな刺激またはすぐ近くに置かれたエサに反応して動くことは出来る。
2.Gait
0点:野生型と同じ。
1点:骨盤の高度の減少を伴って、歩行または走行時、後ろ足が野生型よりも広がっている。よたつき歩行。あひる歩行。
2点:より顕著な異常。足が上がった時に揺れる、後方へ歩く、後ろ足が同時に持ち上がる。
3.Hindlimb clasping
尻尾の付け根を持って吊るした時のマウスを観察。
0点:足を外に広げる。
1点:後ろ足をもう片方の方向へ引く、または片足を体へ引く。
2点:両足をきつく引き寄せる。お互いが引っ付くまたは体に触れる。
4.Tremor
平らな手のひらの上に立っているマウスを観察。
0点:揺れない。
1点:断続的で軽度な揺れ。
2点:連続した揺れ、または断続的な激しい揺れ。
5.Breathing
動物が静止状態にある間の脇腹の動きを観察する。
0点:普通の呼吸。
1点:規則的な呼吸の期間と、短期間のより速い呼吸または呼吸停止がともに散在する。
2点:かなり不規則な呼吸。喘ぎまたは息切れ。
6.General condition
コート条件(毛なみ)、目、姿勢のような一般的な幸福の指標に基づいて観察した。
0点:きれいでつやのある毛、きれいな目、通常の姿勢。
1点:うつろな目、光沢のない毛/毛繕いしない、若干の猫背姿勢。
2点:目をつぶったままの状態または細めた目、立毛、猫背姿勢。
KIT-13を投与したMeCP2欠損マウスの体重を毎週測定し、体重の推移を評価した。試験には、4週齢の雄性MeCP2欠損マウスを用いた。MeCP2欠損マウスを、KIT-13投与群(KO-KIT-13、n=14)及び対照群(KO、n=21)の2群に分けた。KIT-13投与群には、KIT-13を試験例3と同様に20ng/g体重となるように飲水投与した。対照群には水のみを同様に与えた。
マウスのLPS誘発性記憶障害に対するKIT-13の効果を検討した。8週齢の雄性c57BL6Jマウス(各群5匹、n=5)に、KIT-13を10mg/50kg/日の用量で30日間飲用させた後、同様にKIT-13の飲用をさせつつLPS処理(250mg/kg/日)を7日間行った。その後、水迷路試験を2日間行った(1日3回試行)。
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