WO2023087683A1 - 一种组合式冲击式水轮机转轮 - Google Patents

一种组合式冲击式水轮机转轮 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023087683A1
WO2023087683A1 PCT/CN2022/098499 CN2022098499W WO2023087683A1 WO 2023087683 A1 WO2023087683 A1 WO 2023087683A1 CN 2022098499 W CN2022098499 W CN 2022098499W WO 2023087683 A1 WO2023087683 A1 WO 2023087683A1
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Prior art keywords
hole
cover plate
root
water bucket
shift fork
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PCT/CN2022/098499
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梁权伟
吴中竟
段昌德
谢可为
周恒特
刘德民
吴伟
王钊宁
胡江艺
廖乾东
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东方电气集团东方电机有限公司
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Publication of WO2023087683A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023087683A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B1/00—Engines of impulse type, i.e. turbines with jets of high-velocity liquid impinging on blades or like rotors, e.g. Pelton wheels; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B1/02—Buckets; Bucket-carrying rotors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of impact water turbines, in particular to a combined impact water turbine runner.
  • the impact turbine is a hydraulic prime mover that uses a special water guide mechanism to draw a free jet with kinetic energy, rushing to the water bucket of the runner, and making the runner rotate to do work, thereby completing the conversion of water energy into mechanical energy.
  • the impact turbine is suitable for power stations with high water head and small flow. It converts the water from the pressure pipe into a high-speed jet after passing through the nozzle, tangentially impacts the runner, and drives the runner to rotate, thereby driving the generator rotor to rotate and generate electricity.
  • the impact turbine according to the relative position of the working jet and the runner and the number of work, it can be divided into a cutting turbine, an oblique turbine and a double-click turbine.
  • the runner is an important part of the impact turbine, including two parts: the disc and the bucket.
  • the runner structure is divided into integral type and combined type.
  • the monolithic structure adopts the overall numerical control machining of casting and forging blanks. Due to the complex shape of the water bucket and the narrow gap between adjacent parts, the numerical control machining is difficult, the cycle is long, and the manufacturing cost is high.
  • the combined type processes the water bucket and the wheel disc separately, and finally assembles them into an integral shape.
  • the processing difficulty is small and the cycle is short, but the overall strength of the runner is poor, and the complex force during the rotation process is likely to cause fatigue and fracture of the bolts, and then cause the bucket to break Serious accidents such as , water bucket flying away, etc., have brought adverse hidden dangers to the safe operation of the unit.
  • the publication number is CN211975262U, and the publication date is November 20, 2020.
  • the utility model patent document discloses a mosaic-type impact turbine runner, including a wheel disc and bucket groups evenly distributed around the wheel disc.
  • the root of each water bucket in the bucket group is provided with a connecting block, and the outer circumference of the wheel disc is respectively provided with a card slot corresponding to each connecting block.
  • the inner diameter of the bottom of the card slot is larger than the inner diameter of the outer port of the card slot;
  • the root of the connection block is in contact with the roulette, and the inside of the roulette is provided with a positioning connecting piece to radially fix the connection block.
  • the runner described in the utility model is connected with the negative angle connection block at the root of the water bucket through the clamping groove of the wheel disc, and then positioned by bolts, and the water bucket is inlaid to improve the damage to the root of the water bucket during the operation of the impact turbine runner. Force conditions, so as to realize the optimization of the force on the bucket root.
  • the present invention discloses a combined impact water turbine runner.
  • the purpose of the invention is to improve the strength of the combined runner structure, improve the stress on the root of the water bucket, and solve the problem of centrifugal force. Both are borne by the bolts, which may easily cause bolt fatigue fracture, and the tangential force is borne by the root of the water bucket, which may easily cause root fracture.
  • the invention effectively improves the overall strength of the runner through the upper and lower cover plates, the wheel disc and the water bucket with a special embedded fork-type root structure, and through the multiple connections and cooperation between the components, and its structure is stable and reliable.
  • the force on the root of the water bucket is optimized, which makes the force on the unit more uniform during operation. At the same time, multiple guarantees reduce the risk of water bucket flying away and breaking, thereby ensuring the safe and stable operation of the entire unit.
  • a combined impact water turbine runner including a bucket, a wheel, an upper cover and a lower cover;
  • the water bucket is provided with several and evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the wheel.
  • the water bucket includes the water bucket root at the inner end and the bucket bucket at the outer end; the water bucket root is an embedded fork structure, including an upper fork and a
  • the lower shift fork, the upper shift fork and the lower shift fork are provided with a number of upper and lower coaxial water bucket root holes, and the end of the upper shift fork and the lower shift fork close to the water bucket is provided with an embedded stopper;
  • the center of the roulette is provided with a first shaft hole, and several sets of hole systems are provided on the surface of the roulette, and each group of hole systems is provided with a plurality of roulette through holes along the circumferential direction, and a number of roulette through holes are evenly distributed along the edge of the roulette.
  • An embedded groove, the embedded stopper is embedded in the embedded groove, so that the embedded stopper and the wheel can withstand part of the tangential force of the jet impacting the root of the water bucket, and the first fixing part passes through the hole at the root of the water bucket and the through hole of the wheel disc to install the root of the water bucket on the outer periphery of the wheel disc;
  • the centers of the upper cover and the lower cover are provided with a second shaft hole, and a number of cover fixing holes are provided on the surface of the board along the circumferential direction, and the second fixing member passes through the fixing holes of the cover and the root of the bucket. hole and the through hole of the roulette, and the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate are covered on the root of the bucket and the roulette to fix the root of the bucket and the roulette.
  • top end surface of the upper shift fork, which is close to the water bucket, and the bottom end surface of the lower shift fork, which is close to the water bucket, are provided with root grooves for the shift fork.
  • the bucket root hole includes a first fixing member installation hole for positioning and installing the bucket root on the wheel, and using the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate, the Mounting holes for the second fixing piece at the root of the water bucket and clamped by the wheel disc.
  • the first fixing member installation hole includes a first pin hole and a second pin hole on the upper shift fork, and a first through hole and a second through hole on the lower shift fork, The first pin hole is coaxial with the first through hole, and the second pin hole is coaxial with the second through hole.
  • the second fixing member installation hole includes a third through hole on the upper shift fork and a fourth through hole on the lower shift fork, the third through hole and the fourth through hole
  • the through holes are coaxial, the third through hole is located between the first pin hole and the second pin hole, and the fourth through hole is located between the first through hole and the second through hole.
  • the hole system includes a first hole system and a second hole system for the first fixing member to traverse, and a third hole system for the second fixing member to traverse, the first hole system
  • the three pore system is located between the first pore system and the second pore system.
  • the embedding groove penetrates up and down, and the outer end communicates with the outside; a cylinder is arranged inside the wheel, and the cylinder extends above and below the wheel and passes through the upper cover plate and the lower cover.
  • the second shaft hole of the cover plate, the first shaft hole is located in the cylinder, and a keyway is also arranged in the first shaft hole.
  • the bottom end surface of the upper cover plate and the top end surface of the lower cover plate are provided with circular and vertical first protrusions, and the first protrusions are connected to the top end surface of the upper shift fork or the lower end surface.
  • the bottom end surfaces of the shift fork are in contact with each other, and the fixing hole of the cover plate passes through the first protrusion.
  • the bottom end surface of the upper cover plate and the top end surface of the lower cover plate are provided with circular and vertical second protrusions, the second protrusions are located outside the first protrusions and its The height is higher than the first protrusion, and the second protrusion is inserted into the groove at the root of the shift fork.
  • the bottom end surface of the upper cover plate and the top end surface of the lower cover plate are both provided with a ring-shaped and vertical third protrusion, the third protrusion is located inside the first protrusion and is in contact with the first protrusion. The end faces of the discs are in contact.
  • first fixing part and the second fixing part are both bolts and nuts
  • the bolts of the first fixing part are bolts with positioning pins and external threads
  • the fixing holes of the cover plate are countersunk holes.
  • the invention changes the root structure of the water bucket, improves the strength of the root, and also guides the tangential force during rotation to be jointly processed by the root stopper and the wheel disc, which protects the water bucket to a certain extent and avoids high stress concentration at the root.
  • the multiple bolts at the root of the water bucket of the present invention and the structure of the upper and lower cover plates clamping the water bucket and the wheel disc further prevent the fatigue and fracture of the bolts caused by the long-term centrifugal force of the runner, reduce the risk of the water bucket flying away, and
  • the upper and lower cover plates, the bolts at the root of the water bucket and the wheel disc jointly bear the centrifugal force during rotation, so that the force of the unit during operation is optimized.
  • the present invention effectively improves the overall strength of the runner through the multiple connections and cooperation between the components. Its structure is stable and reliable, and the stress on the root of the water bucket is optimized, so that the force on the unit is more uniform during operation. At the same time, multiple guarantees reduce the risk of water bucket flying and breaking, so as to ensure the safe and stable operation of the entire unit.
  • Fig. 1 is the explosion diagram of runner of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of bucket of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of another angle of view of the bucket of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the water bucket of the present invention installed on the wheel;
  • Fig. 5 is the top view of the roulette of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the roulette of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a top view of the upper cover plate of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the upper cover plate of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the runner of the present invention.
  • a combined impact turbine runner as shown in Figures 1-9, includes a bucket 1, a wheel 2, an upper cover 3 and a lower cover 4.
  • the water bucket 1 is provided with several and evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the wheel 2.
  • the water bucket 1 includes the water bucket root 11 at the inner end and the bucket bucket 12 at the outer end; and the lower shift fork 112, the upper shift fork 111 and the lower shift fork 112 are provided with some upper and lower coaxial bucket root holes, and the end between the upper shift fork 111 and the lower shift fork 112 near the water bucket 12 is provided with an embedded Block 113.
  • the center of the wheel disc 2 is provided with a first shaft hole 21, and several groups of hole systems are provided on the disc surface, and each group of hole systems is provided with a plurality of wheel through holes along the circumferential direction, and the edge of the wheel disc 2 is evenly distributed with Several embedding grooves 22, the embedding block 113 is embedded in the embedding groove 22, so that the embedding block 113 and the wheel 2 bear part of the tangential force of the jet impacting the root 11 of the water bucket, and the first fixing part passes through the hole at the root of the water bucket and The water bucket root 11 is installed on the periphery of the wheel disc 2 through the through hole of the wheel disc.
  • the centers of the upper cover plate 3 and the lower cover plate 4 are provided with a second shaft hole 31, and a plurality of cover plate fixing holes 32 are provided on the surface of the plate along the circumferential direction, and the second fixing member passes through the cover plate fixing holes 32, the bucket The root hole and the through hole of the wheel disc cover the upper cover plate 3 and the lower cover plate 4 on the water bucket root 11 and the wheel disc 2 to fix the water bucket root 11 and the wheel disc 2 .
  • the upper shift fork 111 and the lower shift fork 112 of the water bucket 1 are provided with geometric features of an embedded stopper 113 for closely matching with the features of the embedded groove 22 of the wheel 2 .
  • the tangential force impacted by the jet flow was only borne by the root of the water bucket when the runner was running.
  • the new structure increases the strength of the root.
  • the geometric characteristics of the embedded stopper 113 make the root stronger and guide the tangential force.
  • the force is jointly processed by the embedded stopper 113 at the root and the wheel disc 2, which protects the bucket 1 to a certain extent and avoids high stress concentration at the root.
  • both the first fixing part and the second fixing part are bolts and nuts
  • the bolts of the first fixing part are bolts with positioning pins and external threads
  • the fixing holes 32 of the cover plate are countersunk holes.
  • Embodiment 1 is further improved on the basis of Embodiment 1. As shown in Figures 2-4 and 8, the top end surface of the upper shift fork 111 is close to the end of the water bucket 12, and the bottom end surface of the lower shift fork 112 is close to the water bucket. One end of the bucket 12 is provided with a slot 114 at the root of the shift fork.
  • the root groove 114 of the shift fork is used to cooperate with the second protrusion 34 of the upper and lower cover plates.
  • the upper and lower cover plates are assembled. Will be embedded in the root groove 114 of the shift fork up and down the root of the water bucket.
  • the centrifugal force suffered by the water bucket when the runner rotated at high speed was only borne by the bolts at the root of the water bucket. If the bolts failed, the water bucket might fly away. Because the upper and lower cover plates are also combined with the wheel disc) to jointly bear the centrifugal force during rotation, the force of the unit is optimized during operation, and it also prevents the dangerous situation of the bucket flying away after the bolt breaks due to fatigue failure in extreme cases.
  • the hole at the root of the water bucket includes a first fixing hole for positioning and installing the root 11 of the water bucket on the wheel 2. And utilize the upper cover plate 3 and the lower cover plate 4 to clamp the bucket root 11 and the wheel disc 2 into the second fixture installation hole.
  • the first fixing part installation hole is used for installing the bolt with the positioning pin shaft
  • the second fixing part installation hole is used for installing the bolt of the countersunk hole system of the upper and lower cover plates.
  • the first fixing member installation hole comprises the first pin hole 115 and the second pin hole 116 on the upper shift fork 111, and the first through hole 117 and the second through hole 118 on the lower shift fork 112, the first pin hole 115 is coaxial with the first through hole 117, and the second pin hole 116 is coaxial with the second through hole 118.
  • the size of the pin hole of the first pin hole 115 and the second pin hole 116 is consistent with the pin shaft size of the bolt with dowel pin, used as positioning;
  • the thread sizes of the bolts correspond to each other, and after the bolt passes through the first through hole 117 and the second through hole 118, it is connected with the nut as a handle.
  • the second fixing member mounting hole includes a third through hole 119 on the upper shift fork 111 and a fourth through hole 110 on the lower shift fork 112, the third through hole 119 and the fourth through hole 110 are coaxial, the third through hole The hole 119 is located between the first pin hole 115 and the second pin hole 116 , and the fourth through hole 110 is located between the first through hole 117 and the second through hole 118 .
  • the third through hole 119 and the fourth through hole 110 correspond to the bolts of the countersunk hole system of the upper and lower cover plates. tight.
  • the hole system includes a first hole system 23 and a second hole system 24 for the first fixing member to traverse, and for The third hole system 25 traversed by the second fixing member is located between the first hole system 23 and the second hole system 24 .
  • the first hole system 23 and the second hole system 24 are pin holes, which are used for positioning with the pins at the root of the bucket
  • the third hole system 25 is a threaded bottom hole, which is used to connect with the bolts of the upper and lower cover plates.
  • the embedding groove 22 runs through up and down, and the outer end communicates with the outside; a cylinder 26 is arranged inside the wheel disk 2, and the cylinder body 26 extends to the top and bottom of the wheel disk 2 and passes through the second shaft hole of the upper cover plate 3 and the lower cover plate 4 31.
  • the first shaft hole 21 is located in the cylinder body 26, and a keyway 27 is also provided in the first shaft hole 21. The first shaft hole 21 and the keyway 27 are used to cooperate with the rotating main shaft and the key to ensure that the position of the runner is accurate and the rotational torque is sufficient.
  • Embedding grooves 22 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the size is closely matched with the embedded stopper 113 at the root of the water bucket. After the water bucket is embedded in the wheel, the geometric features and the wheel will assist the partial cutting of the jet impacting the root of the water bucket. Steering force helps maintain root strength and reduces the risk of bucket root breakage.
  • the root of the water bucket and the wheel are clamped by bolts, and after the root of the water bucket and the wheel are assembled, the upper and lower ends of the root of the water bucket are clamped by the first protrusion 33 .
  • the water bucket and the roulette are clamped to further ensure the tight fit between the root and the roulette, making the structure more reliable.
  • Embodiment 5 is further improved on the basis of Embodiment 5.
  • the bottom end surface of the upper cover plate 3 and the top end surface of the lower cover plate 4 are provided with a circular and vertical second The protrusion 34 , the second protrusion 34 is located outside the first protrusion 33 and its height is higher than the first protrusion 33 , the second protrusion 34 is inserted into the groove 114 at the base of the shift fork.
  • the second protrusion 34 is used to clamp the fork root groove 114 at the root of the water bucket, further preventing bolt fatigue and fracture due to the long-term centrifugal force of the runner, reducing the risk of the water bucket flying away, and making the upper and lower cover plates and the water bucket
  • the root bolts and the wheel jointly bear the centrifugal force during rotation, which optimizes the force of the unit during operation.
  • the bottom end surface of the upper cover plate 3 and the top end surface of the lower cover plate 4 are provided with a ring-shaped and vertical third protrusion 35, the third protrusion 35 is located inside the first protrusion 33 and is connected to the end surface of the wheel disc 2. touch.
  • the water bucket 1 When assembling, after the production of each part is completed, the water bucket 1 is first embedded in the wheel 2, and the bolts with positioning pins are used to connect with the designated position of the wheel, so that the water bucket 1 and the wheel 2 are closely matched and the water is ensured. The positioning of the bucket is precise. After the bucket 1 and the wheel 2 are combined, the upper and lower cover plates are assembled with the wheel 2 to clamp the root of the bucket to reduce the risk of the bucket flying away due to centrifugal force, that is, to form an integral runner.
  • the embedded stopper and the embedded groove improve the strength of the root, and also guide the tangential force during rotation to be jointly processed by the root stopper and the wheel disc, which protects the water bucket to a certain extent and avoids high stress concentration at the root; at the same time
  • the multiple bolts at the root of the water bucket and the structure of the upper and lower covers clamping the water bucket and the wheel further prevent the bolts from fatigue and fracture due to the long-term centrifugal force of the runner, reduce the risk of the water bucket flying away, and make the upper and lower cover plates Together with the bolts at the root of the water bucket and the wheel disc, it bears the centrifugal force during rotation, which optimizes the force on the unit during operation.
  • the overall strength of the runner is effectively improved, the structure is stable, the reliability is strong, and the force on the root of the water bucket is optimized, so that the force on the unit is more uniform during operation, and multiple guarantees Reduce the risk of bucket flying and breaking, so as to ensure the safe and stable operation of the entire unit.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种组合式冲击式水轮机转轮，涉及冲击式水轮机技术领域，包括水斗、轮盘、上盖板和下盖板；水斗设置有若干且均匀布置在轮盘外周，水斗包括内端的水斗根部和外端的水斗戽；水斗根部呈嵌入式拨叉型结构，包括上拨叉和下拨叉，上拨叉和下拨叉上设置有若干上下同轴的水斗根部孔，上拨叉和下拨叉之间靠近水斗戽的一端设置有嵌入式挡块；轮盘的中心开设有第一轴孔，盘面上开设有若干组孔系，每一组孔系沿圆周方向均设置有若干个轮盘通孔，轮盘沿圆周方向边缘均布有若干嵌入槽，嵌入式挡块嵌入嵌入槽内，使嵌入式挡块和轮盘承受射流冲击水斗根部的部分切向力；上盖板和下盖板的中心均开设有第二轴孔，板面上开设有若干盖板固定孔。

Description

一种组合式冲击式水轮机转轮 技术领域
本发明涉及冲击式水轮机技术领域，更具体地说涉及一种组合式冲击式水轮机转轮。
背景技术
冲击式水轮机是借助于特殊导水机构引出具有动能的自由射流，冲向转轮水斗，使转轮旋转做功，从而完成将水能转换成机械能的一种水力原动机。冲击式水轮机适用于高水头、小流量的电站，它将来自压力管道的水，经喷嘴后转换为高速射流，切向冲击转轮，推动转轮旋转，从而带动发电机转子转动发电。在冲击式水轮机中，以工作射流与转轮相对位置和做工次数的不同，可分为切击式水轮机、斜击式水轮机和双击式水轮机。
转轮是冲击式水轮机的一个重要部件，包括轮盘和水斗两部分。转轮结构分为整体式和组合式。整体式结构采用铸锻件毛坯整体数控加工，由于水斗型面复杂，相邻间隙狭小，因此数控加工难度大，周期长，制造成本高昂。组合式将水斗和轮盘分别加工，最终装配至整体成型，其加工难度小，周期短，但转轮整体强度较差，转动过程中的复杂受力容易导致螺栓疲劳断裂，继而引起断斗、水斗飞逸等严重事故，对机组安全运行带来不良隐患。
公开号为CN211975262U，公开日为2020年11月20日的实用新型专利文献，公开了一种镶嵌型冲击式水轮机转轮，包括轮盘和均匀分布在轮盘周围的水斗组，所述水斗组各水斗的根部均设有连接块，轮盘外周对应每个连接块分别设有卡槽，所述卡槽槽底的内径大于卡槽外端口处的内径；所述连接块整体嵌入卡槽内，连接块的根部与轮盘相接触，轮盘内侧设有定位连接件径向固定所述连接块。本实用新型所述转轮通过轮盘卡槽和水斗根部的负角度连接块，再通过螺栓进行定位，对水斗进行镶嵌，来改善冲击式水轮机转轮在运行过程中水斗的根部受力情况，从而实现对水斗根部受力优化。
上述专利提供的冲击式水轮机转轮，在转轮长期运行中，复杂受力仍然会导致螺栓疲劳断裂，继而引起断斗、水斗飞逸等严重事故，对机组安全运行带来不良隐患。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术中存在的缺陷，本发明公开了一种组合式冲击式水轮机转轮，本发明的目的是为提升组合式转轮结构的强度，改善水斗根部受力情况，解决离心力均由螺栓承受而易引起螺栓疲劳断裂、切向力由水斗根部承受而易引起根部断裂的问题。本发明通过上下盖板、轮盘和具有特殊嵌入式拨叉型根部结构的水斗，通过各组件间的多重连接 与配合，有效提升了转轮的整体强度，其结构稳定，可靠性强，水斗根部受力情况得到优化，使机组在运行过程中受力更加均匀，同时多重保障减小水斗飞逸、断裂的风险，从而保证整个机组的安全稳定运行。
为了实现以上目的，本发明采用的技术方案：
一种组合式冲击式水轮机转轮，包括水斗、轮盘、上盖板和下盖板；
所述水斗设置有若干且均匀布置在所述轮盘外周，水斗包括内端的水斗根部和外端的水斗戽；所述水斗根部呈嵌入式拨叉型结构，包括上拨叉和下拨叉，所述上拨叉和下拨叉上设置有若干上下同轴的水斗根部孔，上拨叉和下拨叉之间靠近所述水斗戽的一端设置有嵌入式挡块；
所述轮盘的中心开设有第一轴孔，盘面上开设有若干组孔系，每一组孔系沿圆周方向均设置有若干个轮盘通孔，轮盘沿圆周方向边缘均布有若干嵌入槽，所述嵌入式挡块嵌入所述嵌入槽内，使所述嵌入式挡块和轮盘承受射流冲击水斗根部的部分切向力，第一固定件穿过所述水斗根部孔和轮盘通孔将所述水斗根部安装在所述轮盘外周；
所述上盖板和下盖板的中心均开设有第二轴孔，板面上沿圆周方向均开设有若干盖板固定孔，第二固定件穿过所述盖板固定孔、水斗根部孔和轮盘通孔，将所述上盖板和下盖板盖合在所述水斗根部和轮盘上固定所述水斗根部和轮盘。
进一步的是，所述上拨叉顶端面上靠近所述水斗戽的一端，以及所述下拨叉底端面上靠近所述水斗戽的一端均开设有拨叉根部槽。
进一步的是，所述水斗根部孔包括用于将所述水斗根部定位安装在所述轮盘上的第一固定件安装孔，以及利用所述上盖板和下盖板，将所述水斗根部和轮盘夹紧的第二固定件安装孔。
进一步的是，所述第一固定件安装孔包括位于所述上拨叉上的第一销孔和第二销孔，以及位于所述下拨叉上的第一通孔和第二通孔，所述第一销孔和第一通孔同轴，所述第二销孔和所述第二通孔同轴。
进一步的是，所述第二固定件安装孔包括位于所述上拨叉上的第三通孔和位于所述下拨叉上的第四通孔，所述第三通孔和所述第四通孔同轴，第三通孔位于所述第一销孔和第二销孔之间，第四通孔位于所述第一通孔和第二通孔之间。
进一步的是，所述孔系包括用于所述第一固定件横穿的第一孔系和第二孔系，以及用于所述第二固定件横穿的第三孔系，所述第三孔系位于所述第一孔系和第二孔系之间。
进一步的是，所述嵌入槽上下贯穿，外端与外部连通；所述轮盘内设置有筒体，所 述筒体向所述轮盘上方和下方延伸并穿过所述上盖板和下盖板的第二轴孔，所述第一轴孔位于所述筒体内，第一轴孔内还设置有键槽。
进一步的是，所述上盖板底端面和下盖板顶端面上均设置有呈圆环形且竖直的第一凸起，所述第一凸起与所述上拨叉顶端面或者下拨叉的底端面接触，所述盖板固定孔贯穿所述第一凸起。
进一步的是，所述上盖板底端面和下盖板顶端面上均设置有呈圆环形且竖直的第二凸起，所述第二凸起位于所述第一凸起外侧且其高度高于所述第一凸起，第二凸起插入所述拨叉根部槽内。
进一步的是，所述上盖板底端面和下盖板顶端面上均设置有呈圆环形且竖直的第三凸起，所述第三凸起位于所述第一凸起内侧且与所述轮盘的端面接触。
进一步的是，所述第一固定件和所述第二固定件均为螺栓螺母，第一固定件的螺栓为带定位销轴和外螺纹的螺栓，所述盖板固定孔为沉头孔。
本发明的有益效果：
1、本发明改变了水斗根部结构，提升了根部强度，也引导转动时的切向力被根部挡块、轮盘共同处理，一定程度上保护了水斗，避免了根部高应力集中。
2、本发明水斗根部的多重螺栓把合及上下盖板夹持水斗与轮盘的结构，进一步防止由于长期受转轮离心力而导致螺栓疲劳断裂，减小水斗飞逸的风险，并使上下盖板与水斗根部螺栓和轮盘共同承受转动时的离心力，使机组在运行过程中受力得到优化。
3、本发明通过各组件间的多重连接与配合，有效提升了转轮的整体强度，其结构稳定，可靠性强，水斗根部受力情况得到优化，使机组在运行过程中受力更加均匀，同时多重保障减小水斗飞逸、断裂的风险，从而保证整个机组的安全稳定运行。
4、本发明单件加工的难度小，周期短，上下盖板和轮盘皆具有通用性，可反复使用，同时新组合式结构也很牢固，可靠性强。
附图说明
图1为本发明转轮的爆炸图；
图2为本发明水斗的示意图；
图3为本发明水斗另一视角的示意图；
图4为本发明水斗安装在轮盘的示意图；
图5为本发明轮盘的俯视图；
图6为本发明轮盘的剖视图；
图7为本发明上盖板的俯视图；
图8为本发明上盖板的剖视图；
图9为本发明转轮装配后的示意图；
附图标记：
1、水斗；11、水斗根部；111、上拨叉；112、下拨叉；113、嵌入式挡块；114、拨叉根部槽；115、第一销孔；116、第二销孔；117、第一通孔；118、第二通孔；119、第三通孔；110、第四通孔；12、水斗戽；2、轮盘；21、第一轴孔；22、嵌入槽；23、第一孔系；24、第二孔系；25、第三孔系；26、筒体；27、键槽；3、上盖板；31、第二轴孔；32、盖板固定孔；33、第一凸起；34、第二凸起；35、第三凸起；4、下盖板。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例和附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果进行清楚、完整的描述，以充分地理解本发明的目的、特征和效果。
实施例1
一种组合式冲击式水轮机转轮，如图1-9所示，包括水斗1、轮盘2、上盖板3和下盖板4。
水斗1设置有若干且均匀布置在轮盘2外周，水斗1包括内端的水斗根部11和外端的水斗戽12；水斗根部11呈嵌入式拨叉型结构，包括上拨叉111和下拨叉112，上拨叉111和下拨叉112上设置有若干上下同轴的水斗根部孔，上拨叉111和下拨叉112之间靠近水斗戽12的一端设置有嵌入式挡块113。
轮盘2的中心开设有第一轴孔21，盘面上开设有若干组孔系，每一组孔系沿圆周方向均设置有若干个轮盘通孔，轮盘2沿圆周方向边缘均布有若干嵌入槽22，嵌入式挡块113嵌入嵌入槽22内，使嵌入式挡块113和轮盘2承受射流冲击水斗根部11的部分切向力，第一固定件穿过水斗根部孔和轮盘通孔将水斗根部11安装在轮盘2外周。
上盖板3和下盖板4的中心均开设有第二轴孔31，板面上沿圆周方向均开设有若干盖板固定孔32，第二固定件穿过盖板固定孔32、水斗根部孔和轮盘通孔，将上盖板3和下盖板4盖合在水斗根部11和轮盘2上固定水斗根部11和轮盘2。
本实施例中，水斗1的上拨叉111和下拨叉112上设置有嵌入式挡块113的几何特征，用于和轮盘2的嵌入槽22特征紧密配合。以往的结构中，转轮运行时受射流冲击的切向力仅靠水斗根部承受，新结构增加了根部的强度，嵌入式挡块113的几何特征使根部强度更高，也引导该切向力被根部嵌入式挡块113、轮盘2共同处理，一定程度上保护了水斗1，避免了根部高应力集中。
本实施例中，第一固定件和第二固定件均为螺栓螺母，第一固定件的螺栓为带定位销轴和外螺纹的螺栓，盖板固定孔32为沉头孔。通过设置有上盖板3和下盖板4固定水斗根部11和轮盘2，进一步保证根部与轮盘间的紧密配合，使结构更可靠。
实施例2
本实施例在实施例1的基础上作进一步的改进，如图2-4和8所示，上拨叉111顶端面上靠近水斗戽12的一端，以及下拨叉112底端面上靠近水斗戽12的一端均开设有拨叉根部槽114。
本实施例中，拨叉根部槽114用于与上下盖板的第二凸起34配合，当水斗根部与轮盘装配完成后，再装配上下盖板，盖板的第二凸起34特征将嵌入水斗根部上下的拨叉根部槽114内。以往水斗在转轮高速转动时的所受的离心力仅靠水斗根部螺栓承受，螺栓失效则水斗可能发生飞逸，新的几何特征将使上下盖板与水斗根部螺栓和轮盘(因为上下盖板也与轮盘把合)共同承受转动时的离心力，使机组在运行过程中受力优化，也防止极端情况下螺栓因疲劳失效断裂后水斗飞逸的危险情况。
实施例3
本实施例在实施例2的基础上作进一步的改进，如图2-4所示，水斗根部孔包括用于将水斗根部11定位安装在轮盘2上的第一固定件安装孔，以及利用上盖板3和下盖板4，将水斗根部11和轮盘2夹紧的第二固定件安装孔。第一固定件安装孔用于安装带有定位销轴的螺栓，第二固定件安装孔用于安装上下盖板沉头孔系的螺栓。
第一固定件安装孔包括位于上拨叉111上的第一销孔115和第二销孔116，以及位于下拨叉112上的第一通孔117和第二通孔118，第一销孔115和第一通孔117同轴，第二销孔116和第二通孔118同轴。第一销孔115和第二销孔116的销孔大小与带有定位销的螺栓的销轴大小一致，用作定位；第一通孔117和第二通孔118与带有定位销轴的螺栓的螺纹大小相对应，螺栓通过第一通孔117和第二通孔118后，与螺帽连接用作把合。
第二固定件安装孔包括位于上拨叉111上的第三通孔119和位于下拨叉112上的第四通孔110，第三通孔119和第四通孔110同轴，第三通孔119位于第一销孔115和第二销孔116之间，第四通孔110位于第一通孔117和第二通孔118之间。第三通孔119和第四通孔110与上下盖板沉头孔系的螺栓相对应，螺栓通过第三通孔119和第四通孔110，将上下盖板与水斗根部和轮盘夹紧。
实施例4
本实施例在实施例3的基础上作进一步的改进，如图4-6所示，孔系包括用于第一固定件横 穿的第一孔系23和第二孔系24，以及用于第二固定件横穿的第三孔系25，第三孔系25位于第一孔系23和第二孔系24之间。
上述孔系中，第一孔系23和第二孔系24为销孔，用于和水斗根部的销钉配合定位，第三孔系25为螺纹底孔，用于和上下盖板的螺栓把合，双重夹紧水斗根部与轮盘，三组孔系与轮盘共同承受转轮转动时的离心力，更加安全可靠。
嵌入槽22上下贯穿，外端与外部连通；轮盘2内设置有筒体26，筒体26向轮盘2上方和下方延伸并穿过上盖板3和下盖板4的第二轴孔31，第一轴孔21位于筒体26内，第一轴孔21内还设置有键槽27。第一轴孔21和键槽27用于与转动主轴和键配合，保证转轮的位置精确和转动力矩足够。
沿圆周方向均布有嵌入槽22，尺寸与水斗根部的嵌入式挡块113保持精密配合，将水斗嵌入轮盘后，该几何特征与轮盘将辅助承受射流冲击水斗根部的部分切向力，有助于保持根部强度，减小水斗根部断裂的风险。
实施例5
本实施例在实施例4的基础上作进一步的改进，如图7-8所示，上、下盖板结构和尺寸完全一致且对称。上盖板3底端面和下盖板4顶端面上均设置有呈圆环形且竖直的第一凸起33，第一凸起33与上拨叉111顶端面或者下拨叉112的底端面接触，盖板固定孔32贯穿第一凸起33。
本实施例中，利用螺栓夹持水斗根部与轮盘，在水斗根部与轮盘把合装配后，利用第一凸起33夹紧水斗根部的上下两端。在水斗和轮盘把合之外，再夹持水斗和轮盘，进一步保证根部与轮盘间的紧密配合，使结构更可靠。
实施例6
本实施例在实施例5的基础上作进一步的改进，如图7-8所示，上盖板3底端面和下盖板4顶端面上均设置有呈圆环形且竖直的第二凸起34，第二凸起34位于第一凸起33外侧且其高度高于第一凸起33，第二凸起34插入拨叉根部槽114内。
第二凸起34用于卡住水斗根部的拨叉根部槽114，进一步防止由于长期受转轮离心力而导致螺栓疲劳断裂，减小水斗飞逸的风险，并使上下盖板与水斗根部螺栓和轮盘共同承受转动时的离心力，使机组在运行过程中受力优化。
上盖板3底端面和下盖板4顶端面上均设置有呈圆环形且竖直的第三凸起35，第三凸起35位于第一凸起33内侧且与轮盘2的端面接触。
为了更好的理解本发明，下面对本发明的工作原理作一次完整的描述：
在装配时，将各部分制作完成后，先将水斗1嵌入轮盘2，并通过带有定位销的螺栓与轮盘指定位置把合，使水斗1和轮盘2紧密配合并保证水斗的定位精确。将水斗1与轮盘2把合后，再将上下盖板与轮盘2装配，夹持水斗根部，减小由于离心力使水斗飞逸的风险，即形成整体转轮。
在使用时，嵌入式挡块和嵌入槽提升了根部强度，也引导转动时的切向力被根部挡块、轮盘共同处理，一定程度上保护了水斗，避免了根部高应力集中；同时水斗根部的多重螺栓把合及上下盖板夹持水斗与轮盘的结构，进一步防止由于长期受转轮离心力而导致螺栓疲劳断裂，减小水斗飞逸的风险，并使上下盖板与水斗根部螺栓和轮盘共同承受转动时的离心力，使机组在运行过程中受力得到优化。通过各组件间的多重连接与配合，有效提升了转轮的整体强度，其结构稳定，可靠性强，水斗根部受力情况得到优化，使机组在运行过程中受力更加均匀，同时多重保障减小水斗飞逸、断裂的风险，从而保证整个机组的安全稳定运行。
以上对本发明的实施方式进行了具体说明，但本发明并不限于所述实施例，熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明精神的前提下还可作出种种等同变型或替换，这些等同或替换均包含在本发明权利要求所限定的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种组合式冲击式水轮机转轮，其特征在于：包括水斗(1)、轮盘(2)、上盖板(3)和下盖板(4)；
    所述水斗(1)设置有若干且均匀布置在所述轮盘(2)外周，水斗(1)包括内端的水斗根部(11)和外端的水斗戽(12)；所述水斗根部(11)呈嵌入式拨叉型结构，包括上拨叉(111)和下拨叉(112)，所述上拨叉(111)和下拨叉(112)上设置有若干上下同轴的水斗根部孔，上拨叉(111)和下拨叉(112)之间靠近所述水斗戽(12)的一端设置有嵌入式挡块(113)；
    所述轮盘(2)的中心开设有第一轴孔(21)，盘面上开设有若干组孔系，每一组孔系沿圆周方向均设置有若干个轮盘通孔，轮盘(2)沿圆周方向边缘均布有若干嵌入槽(22)，所述嵌入式挡块(113)嵌入所述嵌入槽(22)内，使所述嵌入式挡块(113)和轮盘(2)承受射流冲击水斗根部(11)的部分切向力，第一固定件穿过所述水斗根部孔和轮盘通孔将所述水斗根部(11)安装在所述轮盘(2)外周；
    所述上盖板(3)和下盖板(4)的中心均开设有第二轴孔(31)，板面上沿圆周方向均开设有若干盖板固定孔(32)，第二固定件穿过所述盖板固定孔(32)、水斗根部孔和轮盘通孔，将所述上盖板(3)和下盖板(4)盖合在所述水斗根部(11)和轮盘(2)上固定所述水斗根部(11)和轮盘(2)。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的组合式冲击式水轮机转轮，其特征在于：所述上拨叉(111)顶端面上靠近所述水斗戽(12)的一端，以及所述下拨叉(112)底端面上靠近所述水斗戽(12)的一端均开设有拨叉根部槽(114)。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的组合式冲击式水轮机转轮，其特征在于：所述水斗根部孔包括用于将所述水斗根部(11)定位安装在所述轮盘(2)上的第一固定件安装孔，以及利用所述上盖板(3)和下盖板(4)，将所述水斗根部(11)和轮盘(2)夹紧的第二固定件安装孔。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的组合式冲击式水轮机转轮，其特征在于：所述第一固定件安装孔包括位于所述上拨叉(111)上的第一销孔(115)和第二销孔(116)，以及位于所述下拨叉(112)上的第一通孔(117)和第二通孔(118)，所述第一销孔(115)和第一通孔(117)同轴，所述第二销孔(116)和所述第二通孔(118)同轴。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的组合式冲击式水轮机转轮，其特征在于：所述第二固定件安装孔包括位于所述上拨叉(111)上的第三通孔(119)和位于所述下拨叉(112)上的第四通孔(110)，所述第三通孔(119)和所述第四通孔(110)同轴，第三通孔(119)位于所述第一销孔(115)和第二销孔(116)之间，第四通孔(110)位于所述第一通孔(117)和第二 通孔(118)之间。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的组合式冲击式水轮机转轮，其特征在于：所述孔系包括用于所述第一固定件横穿的第一孔系(23)和第二孔系(24)，以及用于所述第二固定件横穿的第三孔系(25)，所述第三孔系(25)位于所述第一孔系(23)和第二孔系(24)之间。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的组合式冲击式水轮机转轮，其特征在于：所述嵌入槽(22)上下贯穿，外端与外部连通；所述轮盘(2)内设置有筒体(26)，所述筒体(26)向所述轮盘(2)上方和下方延伸并穿过所述上盖板(3)和下盖板(4)的第二轴孔(31)，所述第一轴孔(21)位于所述筒体(26)内，第一轴孔(21)内还设置有键槽(27)。
  8. 如权利要求2所述的组合式冲击式水轮机转轮，其特征在于：所述上盖板(3)底端面和下盖板(4)顶端面上均设置有呈圆环形且竖直的第一凸起(33)，所述第一凸起(33)与所述上拨叉(111)顶端面或者下拨叉(112)的底端面接触，所述盖板固定孔(32)贯穿所述第一凸起(33)。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的组合式冲击式水轮机转轮，其特征在于：所述上盖板(3)底端面和下盖板(4)顶端面上均设置有呈圆环形且竖直的第二凸起(34)，所述第二凸起(34)位于所述第一凸起(33)外侧且其高度高于所述第一凸起(33)，第二凸起(34)插入所述拨叉根部槽(114)内。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的组合式冲击式水轮机转轮，其特征在于：所述上盖板(3)底端面和下盖板(4)顶端面上均设置有呈圆环形且竖直的第三凸起(35)，所述第三凸起(35)位于所述第一凸起(33)内侧且与所述轮盘(2)的端面接触。
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