WO2023087258A1 - 一种超声波发声器、显示器及电子设备 - Google Patents

一种超声波发声器、显示器及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023087258A1
WO2023087258A1 PCT/CN2021/131812 CN2021131812W WO2023087258A1 WO 2023087258 A1 WO2023087258 A1 WO 2023087258A1 CN 2021131812 W CN2021131812 W CN 2021131812W WO 2023087258 A1 WO2023087258 A1 WO 2023087258A1
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ultrasonic
magnetic
signal
vibrating body
sound
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PCT/CN2021/131812
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English (en)
French (fr)
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匡正
毛峻伟
黄建月
张阳
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苏州清听声学科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023087258A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023087258A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F27/00—Combined visual and audible advertising or displaying, e.g. for public address
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic sound generation, in particular to an ultrasonic sounder, a display and electronic equipment.
  • screen sounders have gradually entered the sight of more and more people due to their larger screen ratio, such as mobile phones, computers, TVs, photo frames, and multimedia players. wait.
  • the traditional screen sound is to use a vibrator to directly drive the entire electronic device screen, and then achieve the sound effect through the screen vibration.
  • this method will inevitably have a high amplitude, which requires high reliability of the entire screen sounder, and is prone to failures such as breakage or peeling. Therefore, the present invention proposes a new solution to solve this problem.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic sounder, a display and an electronic device.
  • the sound of the screen can be realized while having high directivity. It can also reduce the split vibration and improve the reliability of the ultrasonic generator.
  • an ultrasonic sounder comprising:
  • a vibrating body having opposing first and second faces
  • the sound driver includes a conductive circuit and a magnetic circuit unit, and the magnetic circuit unit includes a plurality of magnetic steels distributed at certain intervals and arranged in multiple rows, and the magnetic poles at the corresponding ends of two adjacent magnetic steels are opposite,
  • the conductive circuit is attached to the second surface of the vibrating body, a vibration space is provided between the vibrating body and the magnetic circuit unit, the conductive circuit is routed from the gap formed between the magnetic steels, and its The way of wiring in the gap makes the conductive circuit drive the sound driver to vibrate perpendicular to the plane where the vibrating body is located after being loaded with an audio-modulated ultrasonic signal, thereby driving the vibrator to vibrate and make sound.
  • the range is 0.5mm ⁇ 10mm.
  • the magnetic circuit unit further includes a plurality of magnetically permeable sheets, the positions of the magnetically permeable sheets correspond to those of the magnetic steel, and each magnetically permeable sheet is disposed on each corresponding on the top surface of the magnet near the vibrating body.
  • the conductive circuit is arranged on a flexible circuit board.
  • the conductive lines are parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field in the gap.
  • the direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic field in the gap are parallel to the direction in which the surface of the vibrating body extends, and the direction of the current is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field, and the conductive lines in different gaps
  • the direction of force is the same or approximately the same.
  • the routing of the conductive circuit is distributed in an arcuate shape, an S shape, or a serpentine shape.
  • the mechanical resonance frequency of the vibration body is the same as or close to the frequency of the applied ultrasonic signal.
  • the frequency of the ultrasonic signal is above 20 kHz to 200 kHz.
  • the ultrasonic sounder also includes a signal generator connected to the sound driver, and the signal generator includes:
  • Carrier signal sounding unit used to send ultrasonic carrier signal
  • a modulation unit connected to the carrier signal sounding unit, for receiving the ultrasonic carrier signal and audio signal, and performing amplitude modulation on the ultrasonic carrier signal and the audio signal to generate an ultrasonic modulation signal;
  • the signal adjustment unit is configured to adjust the ultrasonic modulation signal, and send out the ultrasonic signal modulated with an audio signal.
  • the magnetic conductive sheet and the magnetic steel are fixed by glue bonding.
  • the parameters of the ultrasonic signals loaded on the conductive lines are all the same or different or partially the same, and the parameters include signal strength and transmission time.
  • the present invention provides a display including the above-mentioned ultrasonic sound generator.
  • the vibrating body is a screen.
  • the screen is an LCD screen or an OLED screen
  • the material of the LCD screen or the OLED screen is glass or plastic.
  • the thickness of the screen is 0.01mm-10mm, and the amplitude is between 1um-20um.
  • the present invention provides an electronic device, which includes the above-mentioned ultrasonic sound generator, or it includes the above-mentioned display.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention avoids the sound distortion caused by the split vibration by adjusting the routing structure of the conductive circuit, the gap size between the magnetic steels, and the frequency of the ultrasonic signal, and can reduce the overall vibration amplitude of the sounder and improve the overall sound quality. Sounder reliability, less prone to breakage or peeling.
  • the present invention vibrates and sounds by loading an ultrasonic signal above 20kHz. Since the directivity of the ultrasonic wave is obviously better than that of the audible sound, the sound directivity of the sound generator is improved.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the ultrasonic generator in the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the vibrating units (circular) arranged in a rectangular array on the vibrating body in one embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the vibrating units (square) arranged in a rectangular array on the vibrating body in one embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the arrangement of vibration units (regular hexagons) on the vibration body in a rectangular array in one of the embodiments of the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the arrangement of the vibrating units (circular) on the vibrating body in a circular array in one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of an ultrasonic generator (a vibrating unit 31 between the vibrating body 1 and the supporting body 2) in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural block diagram of a signal generator in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural block diagram of a signal adjustment unit in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the reference signs are: 1. vibrating body, 11, first surface, 12, second surface, 2, sound driver, 21, conductive circuit, 22, magnetic circuit unit, 221, magnetic steel, 222, gap, 223, guide Magnetic sheet, 23. Flexible circuit board, 24. Vibration space, 3. Signal generator, 31. Carrier signal sound unit, 32. Modulation unit, 33. Signal adjustment unit, 331. Signal amplification unit, 332. Power amplification unit, 333. Filter, 334. Matching circuit.
  • the ultrasonic sounder of the present invention includes a vibrating body 1 and a sounding driver 2.
  • the sounding driver 2 drives the vibrating body 1 to vibrate by loading an ultrasonic signal, and the ultrasonic signal is self-demodulated in the air to generate an audible sound. Sound, so as to realize the directional sound of the vibrating body 1. Since the directivity of the ultrasonic signal is obviously due to the audible sound, the directivity of the sound emitted by the vibrating body 1 can be improved.
  • the vibrating body 1 has a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 opposite to each other.
  • the vibrating body 1 can be a screen, such as an LCD screen or an OLED screen, and the material can be glass, plastic, etc.
  • the present invention does not limit the shape, size, and dimensions of the vibrating body 1 , and screens with different thicknesses and materials have different mechanical resonance frequencies.
  • the vibration body 1 is generally arranged in a cuboid shape, the thickness is preferably 0.01mm-10mm, and the vibration amplitude is preferably between 1um-20um. In other alternative embodiments, the vibrating body 1 may not be provided.
  • the sounding driver 2 is arranged on the second surface 12 of the vibrating body 1, and by applying an ultrasonic signal to the sounding driver 2, the sounding driver 3 generates vibration perpendicular to the direction of the vibrating body 1, driving the vibrator to vibrate and produce sound.
  • the sound driver 2 includes a conductive circuit 21 and a magnetic circuit unit 22, wherein the magnetic circuit unit 22 includes a plurality of magnetic steels 221, and the plurality of magnetic steels 221 are distributed at a certain distance and arranged in multiple rows.
  • a gap 222 is set between two adjacent magnetic steels 221, and a gap 222 is also set between two adjacent magnetic steels 221 in two adjacent rows, and two adjacent two adjacent rows
  • the positions of the magnetic steels 221 are corresponding or misaligned.
  • the sizes of all the gaps 222 can be all the same or all different or partly the same, preferably all the same, and the positions of the adjacent two magnetic steels 221 in two adjacent rows are preferably staggered, so that the magnetic circuit units 22 of the same size Among them, compared with the structure in which two adjacent magnetic steels 221 are arranged correspondingly in two adjacent rows, the length of the conductive circuit 21 is relatively longer, so the generated electromagnetic force is greater.
  • each magnetic steel 221 is a flat cuboid shape, which is magnetized in the Z direction, that is, the upper and lower ends of each magnetic steel 221 are two magnetic poles with opposite magnetic properties, defined here
  • the upper end is the end close to the vibrating body 1, and the lower end is the end far away from the vibrating body 1. If the upper end is the N pole, the lower end is the S pole.
  • the magnetic poles of the corresponding two ends of adjacent two magnetic steels 221 are opposite, if the upper end of one magnetic steel 221 is N pole, then the lower end is S pole, then the upper end of another piece of magnetic steel 221 is S pole, then the lower end is N pole. pole.
  • the size of the gap between the magnetic steels 221 can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the range of the gap is preferably 0.5 mm to 10 mm.
  • the magnetic circuit unit 22 further includes a plurality of magnetically conductive sheets 223, and the positions of the magnetically conductive sheets 223 are set corresponding to the positions of the magnetic steel 221, that is, each magnetically conductive sheet 223 corresponds to one magnetic steel 221, specifically, each magnetically conductive sheet 223 corresponds to a magnetic steel 221, specifically, each The size of the magnetic sheet 223 is the same as that of the corresponding magnetic steel 221, and the thickness can be adjusted according to actual needs.
  • the gap 222 between two adjacent magnetic conductive sheets 223 is also the same as the gap 222 between the magnetic steel 221.
  • the magnetic conductive sheet 223 is arranged on the upper end surface of the magnetic steel 221, and the magnetic conductive sheet 223 and the corresponding magnetic steel 221 can be bonded with glue to enhance the magnetic field strength at the upper end of the magnetic steel 221.
  • magnetic permeable sheets 223 may be provided on both the upper and lower end surfaces of the magnetic steel 221 , so that the magnetic field strength at both the upper and lower ends of the magnetic steel 221 is enhanced.
  • a vibrating space 24 is formed between the magnetic circuit unit 22 and the vibrating body 1 , and the vibrating space 24 is used to provide a space required for the vibrating body 1 to vibrate.
  • the conductive circuit 21 is placed between the magnetic circuit unit 22 and the vibrating body 1. Specifically, the conductive circuit 21 can be directly attached to the second surface 12 of the vibrating body 1. In this embodiment, the conductive circuit 21 is carried on the On a flexible circuit board 23 , the flexible circuit board 23 is attached to the second surface 12 of the vibrating body 1 . Since there is a vibration space 24 between the magnetic circuit unit 22 and the vibrating body 1 , and the flexible circuit board 23 is attached to the vibrating body 1 , the flexible circuit board 23 is suspended on the magnetic circuit unit 22 .
  • the conductive circuit 21 is routed from the gap 222 formed between the magnetic steels 221, and its routing method in the gap 222 makes the magnetic field in the gap 222 when the conductive circuit 21 is loaded with an audio frequency modulated ultrasonic signal. Under the action, a force perpendicular to the vertical direction of the plane where the vibrating body 1 is located is generated, thereby driving the vibrating body 1 to vibrate in the vertical direction, and further driving the vibrating body 1 to vibrate and produce sound.
  • the present invention does not limit the wiring method of the conductive circuit 21 in the gap 222 between the magnetic steels 221 , as long as the direction of the force on the vibrating body 1 is consistent or almost consistent.
  • the traces of the conductive circuit 21 are distributed in an arcuate shape, an S shape, or a serpentine shape. Specifically, taking Figure 6 as an example, there are 6 magnets in the figure, which are respectively defined as magnet a to magnet f, where magnet a and magnet b are located in the first row and the upper end of magnet a is the S pole 1.
  • the upper end of magnet b is N pole
  • magnet c and magnet d are located in the second row
  • the upper end of magnet c is S pole opposite to the upper N pole of magnet b
  • the upper end of magnet d is
  • the N pole at the upper end of c is opposite to the S pole
  • the magnet steel e and the magnet steel f are located in the third row
  • the upper end of the magnet steel e is the N pole opposite to the S pole at the upper end of the magnet steel c
  • the upper end of the magnet steel f is the opposite pole to the magnet steel e
  • the upper N pole is opposite to the S pole.
  • the direction of the magnetic field between the magnetic steel a and the magnetic steel b is the direction from the N pole at the upper end of the magnetic steel b to the S pole at the upper end of the magnetic steel a, and the direction of the current on the conductive line 21 routed from the gap between the magnetic steel a and the magnetic steel b is the direction pointed by the arrow, then the force on the conductive circuit 21 in the gap 222 is a force perpendicular to the direction of the vibrating body 1 and downward, and so on, the conductive circuit 21 is between the magnetic steel b and the magnetic steel c
  • the force and the force on the conductive line 21 in the gap 222 between the magnetic steel e and the magnetic steel f are perpendicular to the direction of the vibrating body 1 and downward
  • the conductive circuit 21 is parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field in the gap 222. When parallel, it is parallel to the direction of the plane of the vibrating body 1. When it is perpendicular, it is parallel to the direction of the plane of the vibrating body 1. vertical. Compared with the way that the conductive line 21 is parallel to the magnetic field direction in the gap 222, when the conductive line 21 is perpendicular to the magnetic field direction in the gap 222, there are more magnetic induction lines passing through the conductive line 21 in the gap 222, and the magnetic field strength is higher. powerful. Moreover, the conductive circuit 21 is not limited to one turn, and may also be multi-turn.
  • the mechanical resonance frequency of the vibration body 1 in the present invention when the mechanical resonance frequency of the vibration body 1 in the present invention is close to the frequency of the applied ultrasonic signal, a larger audible sound can be emitted.
  • the mechanical resonant frequency of vibration body 1 and the thickness of vibration body 1, material, the arrangement mode of magnetic circuit unit 22, the gap size between magnetic circuit unit 22, the wiring mode of conductive circuit 21 and driving frequency (ie ultrasonic signal Frequency) etc., and vibrator 1 with different thickness and material will have different mechanical resonance frequencies, so the arrangement of the corresponding magnetic circuit units 22, the gap between the magnetic circuit units 22, the routing of the conductive circuit 21 and The driving frequency needs to be adjusted accordingly so that the ultrasonic sounder can obtain the maximum sounding efficiency.
  • the first-order resonance mode of the sonotrode is set near 37kHz. At this time, if the frequency of the ultrasonic signal is 37kHz, the sonotrode can be excited with a larger amplitude.
  • the parameters of the ultrasonic signals loaded on the conductive line 21 are all the same or different or partially the same, and the parameters include signal strength and transmission time.
  • the sound waves sent by the sound driver 2 Direction adjustable or non-adjustable. Specifically, if different phase differences or delay time differences are used to excite different parts of the conductive circuit 21 of the sound driver 2, the sound beam deflection of the sound driver 2 can be realized according to the sound wave superposition principle, so that the direction of the sound wave emitted by the sound driver 2 can be adjusted.
  • the parameters of the ultrasonic signals loaded on the conductive circuit 21 are the same, the sound wave emitted by the sound driver 2 is sent in a fixed direction.
  • the ultrasonic sounder of the present invention also includes a signal generator 3 connected to the sound driver 2, for sending an ultrasonic signal to the sound driver 3, driving the sound driver 3 to vibrate, and the sound driver 3 vibrates.
  • the vibrating body 1 is driven to vibrate, so that the vibrating body 1 vibrates and produces sound.
  • the signal generator 4 preferably includes a carrier signal sounding unit 31, a modulation unit 32 and a signal adjustment unit 33, wherein the carrier signal sounding unit 31 is used to send out an ultrasonic carrier signal, and the signal frequency can be from 20kHz to 200kHz.
  • the carrier signal sounding unit 31 can adopt MCU (Microcontroller Unit, micro control unit), dedicated DSP (Digital Signal Processing, digital signal processing) and other devices or circuits that can realize this function.
  • the modulation unit 32 is connected with the carrier signal sounding unit 31, and is used for receiving the ultrasonic carrier signal and the audio signal, and performing amplitude modulation on the ultrasonic carrier signal and the audio signal to generate an ultrasonic modulation signal.
  • the modulation method can adopt AM (amplitude modulation) modulation
  • the modulation algorithm can include but not limited to: double sideband modulation, single sideband modulation, approximate square root modulation, square root truncated double sideband modulation, wherein, single sideband modulation can improve the system Efficiency
  • the modulation method can be used but not limited to: filtering method, phase shifting method, phase shifting filtering method, etc.
  • the signal adjustment unit 33 is used to adjust the ultrasonic modulation signal, and send out the ultrasonic signal modulated with the audio signal.
  • the signal adjustment unit 33 may include a signal amplifying unit 331, a power amplifying unit 332, a filter 333, and a matching circuit 334, wherein the signal amplifying unit 331 is connected to the modulating unit 32, and is used to convert the amplitude of the modulated ultrasonic modulation signal to Amplifying can increase the amplitude of the ultrasonic modulation signal.
  • the signal amplifying unit 331 may use a proportional amplifier or other circuits or devices that can realize the same function.
  • the power amplifying unit 332 is connected with the signal amplifying unit 331 and is used to amplify the power of the ultrasonic modulation signal.
  • the power amplifying unit 332 can use an H-bridge or a half-bridge circuit composed of an integrated power amplifier chip or separate components and other components that can be realized A circuit or device for power amplification.
  • the filter 333 is connected with the power amplifying unit 332, and is used for filtering the ultrasonic modulation signal.
  • the filter 333 can use an elliptic filter, a Chebyshev filter, a Butterworth filter or other low-pass filtering. functional circuit.
  • the matching circuit 334 is connected with the filter 333 and is used for adjusting according to the load so as to output the voltage required by the sound driver 3 .
  • the matching circuit 334 can be realized by using but not limited to series inductors, parallel inductors, LC or LC series capacitors and other methods.
  • a display proposed by the present invention includes the ultrasonic generator mentioned above, and the ultrasonic generator can be used as a part of the display screen.
  • the vibrating body can be a screen, and the type of the screen is not limited, for example, it can be an LCD display or an OLED display, and the material can be glass or plastic.
  • An electronic device proposed by the present invention includes the above-mentioned ultrasonic generator or the above-mentioned display.
  • Electronic devices may be, but are not limited to, display devices such as computers, mobile phones, and televisions.
  • the advantages of the present invention are: 1.
  • the present invention avoids the sound distortion caused by split vibration by adjusting the wiring structure of the conductive circuit, the size of the gap between the magnetic steels, the frequency of the ultrasonic signal, etc., and can reduce the overall noise level of the sound generator.
  • the high vibration amplitude improves the reliability of the entire sounder, and it is not easy to break or peel off.
  • the present invention vibrates and sounds by loading an ultrasonic signal above 20kHz. Since the directivity of the ultrasonic wave is obviously better than that of the audible sound, the sound directivity of the sound generator is improved.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种超声波发声器、显示器及电子设备，所述超声波发声器包括振动体和发声驱动器，发声驱动器包括导电线路和磁路单元，磁路单元包括多个按一定距离间隔分布且按多行排布的磁钢，且相邻两个磁钢的相对应的两端的磁极相反，导电线路贴合于振动体上，振动体和磁路单元之间设置有振动空间，导电线路自磁钢之间形成的间隙中走线，且其在间隙中的走线方式使导电线路在加载了音频调制的超声波信号后，驱动发声驱动器产生垂直于振动体所在平面的振动，从而带动振动器振动发声。本发明通过对导电线路的走线结构、磁钢间的间隙大小及驱动频率等进行调整，实现屏幕发声在具有指向性高的同时又能减少分割振动。

Description

一种超声波发声器、显示器及电子设备 技术领域
本发明涉及超声波发声技术领域，具体涉及一种超声波发声器、显示器及电子设备。
背景技术
随着便携式消费类电子产品市场的发展，屏幕发声器由于带来了更大的屏占比，已经慢慢进入越来越多的人的视线，如手机、电脑、电视、相框、多媒体播放器等。
传统的屏幕发声是用一个振动器直接带动整个电子设备屏幕，继而通过屏幕振动实现发声的效果。但是，该方式必然会有很高的振幅，这会对整个屏幕发声器的可靠性要求很高，容易出现折断或剥离等失效情况。因此，本发明提出了一种新的方案来解决这一问题。
发明内容：
本发明的目的在于提供一种超声波发声器、显示器及电子设备，其通过对导电线路的走线结构及磁钢间的间隙大小及驱动频率等进行调整，实现屏幕发声在具有指向性高的同时又能减少分割振动，提高超声波发生器的使用可靠性。
为实现上述目的，一方面，本发明提出了一种超声波发声器，包括：
振动体，其具有相对的第一面和第二面；
发声驱动器，包括导电线路和磁路单元，所述磁路单元包括多个按一定距离间隔分布且按多行排布的磁钢，且相邻两个磁钢的相对应的两端的磁极相反，所述导电线路贴合于所述振动体的第二面上，所述振动体和磁路单元 之间设置有振动空间，所述导电线路自磁钢之间形成的间隙中走线，且其在所述间隙中的走线方式使所述导电线路在加载了音频调制的超声波信号后，驱动所述发声驱动器产生垂直于振动体所在平面的振动，从而带动振动器振动发声，所述间隙的范围为0.5mm～10mm。
在一优选实施例中，所述磁路单元还包括多个导磁片，所述导磁片的设置位置与所述磁钢的设置位置相对应，且每个导磁片设置于每个对应的磁钢的靠近振动体的顶部表面上。
在一优选实施例中，所述导电线路设置于一柔性电路板上。
在一优选实施例中，所述导电线路与间隙内的磁场方向相平行或相垂直。
在一优选实施例中，所述间隙内的电流方向以及磁场方向均与振动体表面所延伸的方向相平行，且所述电流方向与磁场方向相垂直，且所述导电线路在不同间隙内所受力的方向相同或大致相同。
在一优选实施例中，所述导电线路的走线呈弓形或S形或蛇形分布。
在一优选实施例中，所述振动体的机械共振频率与加载的所述超声波信号的频率相同或相接近。
在一优选实施例中，所述超声波信号的频率为20kHz～200kHz以上。
在一优选实施例中，所述超声波发声器还包括与所述发声驱动器相连的信号发生器，所述信号发生器包括：
载波信号发声单元，用于发出超声波载波信号；
调制单元，与所述载波信号发声单元相连，用于接收所述超声波载波信号和音频信号，并将所述超声波载波信号和所述音频信号进行振幅调制，生成超声波调制信号；
信号调整单元，用于对所述超声波调制信号进行调整，发出调制了音频信号的所述超声波信号。
在一优选实施例中，所述导磁片与磁钢之间通过胶粘接固定。
在一优选实施例中，所述导电线路上加载的超声波信号的参数均相同或者均不同或者部分相同，所述参数包括信号强度、发送时间，通过调整超声波信号的参数，使发声驱动器发出的声波方向可调或不可调。
另一方面，本发明提出了一种显示器，包括上述超声波发声器。
在一优选实施例中，所述振动体为屏幕。
在一优选实施例中，所述屏幕为LCD屏或OLED屏，所述LCD屏或OLED屏的材质为玻璃或塑料材质。
在一优选实施例中，所述屏幕的厚度为0.01mm～10mm，振幅在1um～20um之间。
再一方面，本发明提出了一种电子设备，其包括上述超声波发声器，或者，其包括上述的显示器。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
1、本发明通过对导电线路的走线结构、磁钢间的间隙大小、超声波信号的频率等进行调整，避免了分割振动带来的声音失真，且可以降低发声器整体的振动振幅，提高整个发声器的可靠性，不易出现折断或剥离。
2、本发明通过加载20kHz以上的超声波信号进行振动发声，由于超声波指向性明显优于可听声，从而提高发声器的声音指向性。
附图说明：
图1为本发明中超声波发生器的分体结构示意图。
图2为本发明其中一实施例中振动体上振动单元(圆形)按矩形阵列排布的结构示意图；
图3为本发明其中一实施例中振动体上振动单元(方形)按矩形阵列排布的结构示意图；
图4为本发明其中一实施例中振动体上振动单元(正六边形)按矩形阵列排布的结构示意图；
图5为本发明其中一实施例中振动体上振动单元(圆形)按圆形阵列排布的结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例中超声波发生器(振动体1和支撑体2之间的一个振动单元31)的剖视结构示意图；
图7为本发明实施例中信号发生器的结构框图示意图；
图8为本发明实施例中信号调整单元的结构框图示意图。
附图标记为：1、振动体，11、第一面，12、第二面，2、发声驱动器，21、导电线路，22、磁路单元，221、磁钢，222、间隙，223、导磁片，23、柔性电路板，24、振动空间，3、信号发生器，31、载波信号发声单元，32、调制单元，33、信号调整单元，331、信号放大单元，332、功率放大单元，333、滤波器，334、匹配电路。
具体实施方式：
下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述，但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。
除非另有其它明确表示，否则在整个说明书和权利要求书中，术语“包括”或其变换如“包含”或“包括有”等等将被理解为包括所陈述的元件或组成部分，而并未排除其它元件或其它组成部分。
如图1至图7所示，本发明的超声波发声器包括振动体1和发声驱动器2，发声驱动器2通过加载超声波信号驱动振动体1振动，且超声波信号在空气传播中自解调产生可听声，从而实现振动体1定向发声。由于超声波信号的指向性明显由于可听声，所以可以提高振动体1发声的指向性。
振动体1具有相对的第一面11和第二面12，实施时，振动体1可以是屏幕，如可以是LCD屏或OLED屏等，材质可以是玻璃、塑料等。本发明对振动体1的形状、大小、尺寸等均不做限制，不同厚度和不同材质的屏幕会有不同的机械共振频率。优选地，振动体1一般设置为长方体状，厚度优选为0.01mm～10mm，振动幅度优选为1um～20um之间。在其他替换实施例中，也可以不设置振动体1。
发声驱动器2设置于振动体1的第二面12上，通过对发声驱动器2加载超声波信号，使发声驱动器3产生垂直于振动体1方向的振动，带动振动器振动发声。具体地，发声驱动器2包括导电线路21和磁路单元22，其中，磁路单元22包括多个磁钢221，多个磁钢221按一定距离间隔分布且按多行排布。具体地，每一行中，相邻两个磁钢221之间设置有间隙222，相邻两行中相邻两个磁钢221之间也设置有间隙222，且相邻两行的相邻两个磁钢221的位置相对应或者相错位。所有所述间隙222大小可全部相同或全部不同或者部分相同，优选全部相同，且相邻两行的相邻两个磁钢221的位置优选相错位设置，这样能使相同大小的磁路单元22中，相比于相邻两行的相邻两个磁 钢221位置相对应设置的结构，导电线路21的走线长度相对较长，所以产生的电磁力更大。
本实施例中，如图5所示，每个磁钢221为扁平的长方体形状，其为Z向充磁，即，每个磁钢221的上下两端为磁性相反的两个磁极，定义这里的上端为靠近振动体1的那一端，下端即为远离振动体1的那一端，如上端为N极，则下端为S极。且相邻两个磁钢221的相对应的两端的磁极相反，如一块磁钢221的上端为N极，则下端为S极，则另一块磁钢221的上端为S极，则下端为N极。
实施时，磁钢221之间的间隙大小可根据实际需要进行调整，间隙的范围优选为0.5mm～10mm。
优选地，磁路单元22还包括多个导磁片223，导磁片223的位置与磁钢221的位置对应设置，即每个导磁片223对应一个磁钢221，具体地，每个导磁片223的大小与对应的磁钢221大小相同，厚度可根据实际需要调整设定，相邻两个导磁片223之间的间隙222也与磁钢221之间的间隙222大小相同。本实施例中，导磁片223设置于磁钢221的上端面上，导磁片223和对应的磁钢221之间可以采用胶水粘接，用于增强磁钢221上端的磁场强度，在其他实施例中，可以在磁钢221的上下端面上均设置导磁片223，使磁钢221上下端的磁场强度均增强。
磁路单元22和振动体1之间形成有振动空间24，该振动空间24用以提供振动体1振动所需的空间。导电线路21置于磁路单元22和振动体1之间，具体地，导电线路21可直接贴合到振动体1的第二面12上，在本实施例中，是将导线线路21承载于一柔性电路板23上，将柔性电路板23贴合到振动体 1的第二面12上。因磁路单元22和振动体1之间存在有振动空间24，而柔性电路板23是贴合在振动体1上的，所以柔性电路板23是悬空于磁路单元22上的。
另外，导电线路21是自磁钢221之间形成的间隙222中走线，且其在间隙222中的走线方式使导电线路21在加载了音频调制的超声波信号后，在间隙222内的磁场作用下，产生垂直于振动体1所在平面的上下方向的力，从而驱动振动体1在上下方向振动，进而带动振动体1振动发声。
本发明对导电线路21在磁钢221之间的间隙222内的走线方式不做限制，只要能保证振动体1所受力的方向一致或近乎一致即可。本实施例中，导电线路21的走线呈弓形或S形或蛇形分布。具体地，以图6为例，图中有6个磁钢，分别定义为磁钢a～磁钢f，其中，磁钢a和磁钢b位于第一行且磁钢a的上端为S极、磁钢b的上端为N极，磁钢c和磁钢d位于第二行，且磁钢c的上端为与磁钢b上端N极相反的S极，磁钢d的上端为与磁钢c上端S极相反的N极，磁钢e和磁钢f位于第三行，且磁钢e的上端为与磁钢c上端S极相反的N极，磁钢f的上端为与磁钢e上端N极相反的S极。磁钢a和磁钢b之间的磁场方向为磁钢b上端N极到磁钢a上端S极的方向，自磁钢a和磁钢b之间空隙走线的导电线路21上的电流方向为箭头所指的方向，则导电线路21在该间隙222内所受的力为垂直于振动体1方向且向下的力，依此类推，导电线路21在磁钢b和磁钢c之间的间隙222内所受的力、导电线路21在磁钢c和磁钢d之间的间隙222内所受的力、导电线路21在磁钢c和磁钢e之间的间隙222内所受的力以及导电线路21在磁钢e和磁钢f之间的间隙222内所受的力均为垂直于振动体1方向且向下的力，反之，当改变导电 线路21上的电流方向为相反方向时，则导电线路21在磁钢a～磁钢f之间的空隙222内产生的力的方向均垂直于振动体1方向且向上的力。因此，可以驱动振动体1在上下方向上振动发声。
优选地，导电线路21与间隙222内的磁场方向相平行或相垂直，相平行时即与振动体1平面所在的方向是相平行的，相垂直时即与振动体1平面所在的方向是相垂直的。相较于导电线路21与间隙222内的磁场方向相平行的方式，导电线路21与间隙222内的磁场方向相垂直时，间隙222内通过导电线路21的磁感线较多，磁场强度则较强。且导电线路21不限于设置一圈，也可以是多圈。
优选地，当本发明中的振动体1的机械共振频率与加载的超声波信号频率相近时，可以发出更大的可听声。而振动体1的机械共振频率与振动体1的厚度、材质、磁路单元22的排布方式、磁路单元22之间的间隙大小、导电线路21的走线方式和驱动频率(即超声波信号频率)等有关，而不同厚度和材质的振动体1会有不同的机械共振频率，所以相应的磁路单元22的排列方式、磁路单元22之间的间隙、导电线路21的走线方式和驱动频率均需要做相应的调整，以使超声波发声器获得最大的发声效率。如通过调整磁路单元22之间的间距，将超声波发生器的一阶共振模态定在37kHz附近，此时，若超声波信号频率为37kHz，可以激发超声波发生器更大的振幅。
优选地，导电线路21上加载的超声波信号的参数均相同或者均不同或者部分相同，参数包括信号强度、发送时间，通过调整导电线路21上加载的超声波信号的参数，使发声驱动器2发出的声波方向可调或不可调。具体地，如采用不同的相位差或者延迟时间差激励发声驱动器2的导电线路21的不同 部位，根据声波叠加原理实现发声驱动器2的声束偏转，从而使发声驱动器2发出的声波方向可调。又如，当导电线路21上加载的超声波信号的参数相同时，发声驱动器2发出的声波朝固定方向发送。
结合图7和图8所示，本发明的超声波发声器还包括与发声驱动器2相连的信号发生器3，用于发出超声波信号给发声驱动器3，驱动发声驱动器3振动，发声驱动器3振动的同时带动振动体1振动，实现振动体1振动发声。实施时，信号发生器4优选包括载波信号发声单元31、调制单元32和信号调整单元33，其中，载波信号发声单元31用于发出超声波载波信号，信号频率可以从20kHz到200kHz。实施时，载波信号发声单元31可以采用MCU(Microcontroller Unit，微控制单元)，专用DSP(Digital Signal Processing，数字信号处理)以及其它能实现此功能的器件或电路。调制单元32与载波信号发声单元31相连，用于接收超声波载波信号和音频信号，并将超声波载波信号和音频信号进行振幅调制，生成超声波调制信号。实施时，调制方式可采用AM(调幅)调制，调制算法可以包含但不限于：双边带调制、单边带调制、近似平方根调制、平方根截断双边带调制，其中，单边带调制法可以提升系统效率，调制方法可以采用但不限于：滤波法、移相法、移相滤波法等。信号调整单元33用于对超声波调制信号进行调整，发出调制了音频信号的超声波信号。具体地，信号调整单元33可包括信号放大单元331、功率放大单元332、滤波器333和匹配电路334，其中，信号放大单元331与调制单元32相连，用于将已调制的超声波调制信号的幅度进行放大，可以提升超声波调制信号的幅度。实施时，信号放大单元331可以使用比例放大器或其它可以实现相同功能的电路或器件。功率放大单元332与信号放大单元 331相连，用于对超声波调制信号进行功率放大，实施时，功率放大单元332可以使用集成功放芯片或分离式元器件组成的H桥或半桥电路以及其它可以实现功率放大的电路或器件。滤波器333与功率放大单元332相连，用于对超声波调制信号进行滤波处理，实施时，滤波器333可以使用椭圆滤波器、切比雪夫滤波器、巴特沃斯滤波器或其它能实现低通滤波功能的电路。匹配电路334与滤波器333相连，用于根据负载进行调整，使输出发声驱动器3所需的电压。实施时，匹配电路334可以使用但不限于使用串联电感、并联电感、LC或LC串联电容等方法实现。
本发明提出的一种显示器，其包括上文所述的超声波发生器，该超声波发生器可以作为显示屏的一部分。当超声波发生器作为显示器的一部分时，振动体可以是屏幕，屏幕的种类不限，例如可以是LCD显示器或者OLED显示器等，材质可以是玻璃或者塑料等。
本发明提出的一种电子设备，其包括上文所述的超声波发生器或者上文所述的显示器。电子设备可以是但不限于是电脑、手机、电视等显示设备。
本发明的优点在于，1、本发明通过对导电线路的走线结构、磁钢间的间隙大小、超声波信号的频率等进行调整，避免了分割振动带来的声音失真，且可以降低发声器整体的振动振幅，提高整个发声器的可靠性，不易出现折断或剥离。2、本发明通过加载20kHz以上的超声波信号进行振动发声，由于超声波指向性明显优于可听声，从而提高发声器的声音指向性。
前述对本发明的具体示例性实施方案的描述是为了说明和例证的目的。这些描述并非想将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式，并且很显然，根据上述教导，可以进行很多改变和变化。对示例性实施例进行选择和描述的目的在 于解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用，从而使得本领域的技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种不同的示例性实施方案以及各种不同的选择和改变。本发明的范围意在由权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种超声波发声器，其特征在于，包括：
    振动体，其具有相对的第一面和第二面；
    发声驱动器，包括导电线路和磁路单元，所述磁路单元包括多个按一定距离间隔分布且按多行排布的磁钢，且相邻两个磁钢的相对应的两端的磁极相反，所述导电线路贴合于所述振动体的第二面上，所述振动体和磁路单元之间设置有振动空间，所述导电线路自磁钢之间形成的间隙中走线，且其在所述间隙中的走线方式使所述导电线路在加载了音频调制的超声波信号后，驱动所述发声驱动器产生垂直于振动体所在平面的振动，从而带动振动器振动发声，所述间隙的范围为0.5mm～10mm。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的超声波发声器，其特征在于，所述磁路单元还包括多个导磁片，所述导磁片的设置位置与所述磁钢的设置位置相对应，且每个导磁片设置于每个对应的磁钢的靠近振动体的顶部表面上。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的超声波发声器，其特征在于，所述导电线路设置于一柔性电路板上。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的超声波发声器，其特征在于，所述导电线路与间隙内的磁场方向相平行或相垂直。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的超声波发声器，其特征在于，所述间隙内的电流方向以及磁场方向均与振动体表面所延伸的方向相平行，且所述电流方向与磁场方向相垂直，且所述导电线路在不同间隙内所受力的方向相同或大致相同。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的超声波发声器，其特征在于，所述导电线路的走线呈弓形或S形或蛇形分布。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的超声波发声器，其特征在于，所述振动体的机械共振频率与加载的所述超声波信号的频率相同或相接近。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的超声波发声器，其特征在于，所述超声波信号的频率为20kHz～200kHz以上。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的超声波发声器，其特征在于，所述超声波发声器还包括与所述发声驱动器相连的信号发生器，所述信号发生器包括：
    载波信号发声单元，用于发出超声波载波信号；
    调制单元，与所述载波信号发声单元相连，用于接收所述超声波载波信号和音频信号，并将所述超声波载波信号和所述音频信号进行振幅调制，生成超声波调制信号；
    信号调整单元，用于对所述超声波调制信号进行调整，发出调制了音频信号的所述超声波信号。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的超声波发声器，其特征在于，所述导电线路上加载的超声波信号的参数均相同或者均不同或者部分相同，所述参数包括信号强度、发送时间，通过调整超声波信号的参数，使发声驱动器发出的声波方向可调或不可调。
  11. 一种显示器，其特征在于，包括上述权利要求1～10任意一项所述的超声波发声器。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的显示器，其特征在于，所述振动体为屏幕。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的显示器，其特征在于，所述屏幕为LCD屏或OLED屏，所述LCD屏或OLED屏的材质为玻璃或塑料材质。
  14. 如权利要求12或13所述的显示器，其特征在于，所述屏幕的厚度 为0.01mm～10mm，振幅在1um～20um之间。
  15. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，其包括上述权利要求1～10任一项所述超声波发声器，或者，其包括如权利要求11～14所述的显示器。
PCT/CN2021/131812 2021-11-18 2021-11-19 一种超声波发声器、显示器及电子设备 WO2023087258A1 (zh)

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