WO2023087241A1 - Groupe de batteries, bloc-batterie, appareil électrique, procédé de fabrication et dispositif de fabrication de groupe de batteries, et procédé de commande de groupe de batteries - Google Patents

Groupe de batteries, bloc-batterie, appareil électrique, procédé de fabrication et dispositif de fabrication de groupe de batteries, et procédé de commande de groupe de batteries Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023087241A1
WO2023087241A1 PCT/CN2021/131688 CN2021131688W WO2023087241A1 WO 2023087241 A1 WO2023087241 A1 WO 2023087241A1 CN 2021131688 W CN2021131688 W CN 2021131688W WO 2023087241 A1 WO2023087241 A1 WO 2023087241A1
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Prior art keywords
cell
battery
battery pack
type
rate
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PCT/CN2021/131688
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
徐晓富
叶永煌
张新羽
潘坚福
刘倩
李全国
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/131688 priority Critical patent/WO2023087241A1/fr
Priority to CN202180092797.0A priority patent/CN116802869A/zh
Priority to EP21962766.8A priority patent/EP4228043A4/fr
Priority to US18/125,143 priority patent/US11749999B2/en
Publication of WO2023087241A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023087241A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/448—End of discharge regulating measures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
    • H01M50/51—Connection only in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M2010/4292—Aspects relating to capacity ratio of electrodes/electrolyte or anode/cathode
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of energy storage devices, and in particular to a battery pack, a battery pack, an electrical device, a manufacturing method and manufacturing equipment for a battery pack, and a control method for a battery pack.
  • Secondary batteries have the advantages of small size, high energy density, high power density, many cycle times and long storage time. They are widely used in some electronic equipment, electric vehicles, electric toys and electric equipment, such as mobile phones, notebook computers, Battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes and electric tools, etc. Secondary batteries are used as the driving power source of new energy vehicles or the large-capacity storage unit of energy storage power stations. Usually, multiple single cells need to be connected in series and parallel to obtain battery packs and battery packs with high volumetric energy density.
  • the SOC-OCV curve of some systems has a large plateau area. If the high-end area (that is, high SOC area) is not used for a long time, it will cause the BMS (battery management system) to affect the SOC. The prediction accuracy is reduced. For example, the conventional ampere-hour integration method to calculate SOC will gradually accumulate sampling errors of voltage and current, resulting in wrong judgment of SOC.
  • This application is completed in view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and its purpose is to provide a battery pack, which can indicate the working battery cell by adding at least one indicating cell, and control it so that the charging of the battery pack During the process, when the BMS detects that the value of the state of charge SOC2 of the indicating cell reaches the specified SOC value in the high-end area, it stops charging the battery pack, and takes the state of charge of the battery pack at this time as a fully charged state, thereby It can prevent the cumulative error of the ampere-hour integration method and improve the overall SOC prediction accuracy of the battery pack; and by keeping the capacity of the high-end area (that is, the high SOC area) from being released, the working cell can adopt a smaller discharge cell balance rate (CB Value) is designed, which can save the amount of negative electrode graphite while realizing life (capacity) compensation, and can further increase the energy density of the battery pack.
  • CB Value discharge cell balance rate
  • the life (capacity) compensation levels of the working cell and the indicating cell can be basically consistent, and the working cell and the The attenuation rate of the indicator cells is basically the same, which can prevent the barrel effect of the battery pack from affecting the overall capacity.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a battery pack, the battery pack includes at least a first type of battery cell and a second type of battery cell electrically connected in series, the first type of battery cell includes N first battery cells,
  • the second type of battery includes M second batteries, N and M are positive integers;
  • the discharge battery balance rate of the first battery is CB1
  • the discharge battery balance rate of the second battery is CB2, 0.5 ⁇ CB1 ⁇ CB2 ⁇ 1.4
  • the open-circuit voltage change rate corresponding to the first battery cell is not greater than 0.005V/%SOC
  • the second The open-circuit voltage change rate corresponding to the second type of battery cell is greater than the open-circuit voltage change rate corresponding to the first battery cell.
  • the discharged battery balance rate of the second battery cell is CB2, 0.5 ⁇ CB2 ⁇ 1.4, optionally, 1 ⁇ CB2 ⁇ 1.25.
  • the nominal capacity of the first cell is CAP1
  • the nominal capacity of the second cell is CAP2
  • M and N satisfy: 1 ⁇ M ⁇ N, optionally, 1 ⁇ M ⁇ 15N, during the charging process of the battery pack, for a certain SOC interval ⁇ SOC, the open circuit voltage difference of the first cell
  • the value is ⁇ OCV1
  • the open circuit voltage difference of the second cell is ⁇ OCV2, which satisfies the following relationship: (M ⁇ OCV2+N ⁇ OCV1)/((M+N) ⁇ SOC)>0.005V/%SOC.
  • the open circuit voltage OCV2 of the second battery cell relative to the state of charge of the second battery cell is in the range of 20% to 70% SOC
  • the rate of change of SOC2 ⁇ OCV2/ ⁇ SOC2 satisfies: ⁇ OCV2/ ⁇ SOC2 ⁇ 0.005V/%SOC.
  • the positive electrode active material of the second cell includes lithium-containing phosphate represented by formula (I),
  • M' is selected from one or more of transition metal elements and non-transition metal elements other than Fe and Mn.
  • the positive electrode active material of the second cell further includes at least one of the layered lithium transition metal oxide represented by formula (II), the compound represented by formula (IV) or formula (V),
  • M1 is selected from at least Mn and Al
  • M2 is selected from one or more of Fe, Cr, Ti, Zn, V, Al, W, Mg, B, Cu, Y, Si, Sr, Zr and Ce
  • A1 is selected from S, N, One or more of F, Cl, Br, PO 4 3- and I; optionally, 0.5 ⁇ a1 ⁇ 0.7, 0.01 ⁇ b1 ⁇ 0.15;
  • M3 is a transition metal
  • M' is a transition metal, 0 ⁇ x4 ⁇ 2, 0.8 ⁇ y4 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ z4 ⁇ 20;
  • M4 and M5 are independently selected from Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sr, Y, Nb, Mo, Sn, Ba, W transition Metal ion or O;
  • X is a halide ion selected from F, Cl and Br, wherein h, k, 1, y3 are all ⁇ 0, and satisfy chemical coordination with z3.
  • the positive active material of the first cell includes lithium-containing phosphate represented by formula (III),
  • 0 ⁇ x5 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y5 ⁇ 0.1, M is selected from one or more of transition metal elements and non-transition metal elements except Fe and Mn.
  • the negative active material of the first cell and the negative active material of the second cell can be independently selected from artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, One or several kinds of lithium titanate;
  • the negative active material of the first battery cell and the negative active material of the second battery cell have the same composition.
  • a second aspect of the present application provides a battery pack, including the battery pack described in the first aspect above.
  • the third aspect of the present application provides an electrical device, comprising the battery pack described in the first aspect above or the battery pack described in the second aspect above, and using the battery pack or the battery pack as the electrical device power supply or energy storage unit.
  • a fourth aspect of the present application provides a method for manufacturing a battery pack, including the following steps: obtaining a first type of battery cell and a second type of battery cell, the first type of battery cell includes N first battery cells, and the first type of battery cell
  • the second type of battery includes M second batteries, N and M are positive integers; the discharge battery balance rate of the first battery is CB1, and the discharge battery balance rate of the second battery is CB2, 0.5 ⁇ CB1 ⁇ CB2 ⁇ 1.4, and when the charging of the battery pack reaches the 95%-100% state of charge interval, the change rate of the open circuit voltage corresponding to the first battery cell is not greater than 0.005V/%SOC, and the second type battery
  • the rate of change of the open circuit voltage corresponding to the cell is greater than the rate of change of the open circuit voltage corresponding to the first cell; and the first type of cell and the second type of cell are electrically connected in series to form the above-mentioned first A battery pack as described in one aspect.
  • a fifth aspect of the present application provides a battery pack manufacturing equipment, including: a clamping arm unit, the clamping arm unit is used to obtain a first type of battery cell and a second type of battery cell, the first type of battery cell Including N first batteries, the second type of batteries includes M second batteries, N and M are positive integers; the discharge battery balance rate of the first batteries is CB1, and the second batteries The balance rate of the discharged battery is CB2, 0.5 ⁇ CB1 ⁇ CB2 ⁇ 1.4, and when the charging of the battery pack reaches the range of 95% to 100% state of charge, the open circuit voltage change rate corresponding to the first battery cell is not greater than 0.005 V/%SOC, the open circuit voltage change rate corresponding to the second type of battery is greater than the open circuit voltage change rate corresponding to the first battery; assembly unit, the assembly unit is used to use the first type of battery The cells and the second type of cells are electrically connected including in series to form the battery pack described in the first aspect above; and a control unit, the control unit is used to control the
  • the working battery is indicated by adding at least one indicating battery, and is controlled so that when the BMS detects that the value of the state of charge SOC2 of the indicating battery reaches the specified SOC in the high-end area during the charging process of the battery pack value, stop charging the battery pack, and take the state of charge of the battery pack at this time as a fully charged state, thereby preventing the cumulative error of the ampere-hour integration method and improving the overall SOC prediction accuracy of the battery pack; and by retaining The capacity of the high-end area (that is, the high SOC area) is not released, so that the working cell can be designed with a smaller discharge cell balance rate (CB value), which can save the amount of negative electrode graphite while realizing life (capacity) compensation , which can further increase the energy density of the battery pack.
  • CB value discharge cell balance rate
  • the life (capacity) compensation levels of the working cell and the indicating cell can be basically consistent, and the working cell and the The attenuation rate of the indicator cells is basically the same, which can prevent the barrel effect of the battery pack from affecting the overall capacity.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a battery cell of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view showing an example of the cell of the present application shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing one example of the battery pack of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing one example of the battery pack of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded view showing an example of the battery pack of the present application shown in FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an electrical device using the battery pack of the present application as a power source.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the plateau region of the SOC-OCV curve of the working cell in the battery pack of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing that the indicating cell indicates the working cell in the battery pack of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the SOC-OCV curve of the indicated cell in the battery pack of the present application.
  • ranges disclosed herein are defined in terms of lower and upper limits, and a given range is defined by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit that define the boundaries of the particular range. Ranges defined in this manner may be inclusive or exclusive and may be combined arbitrarily, ie any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if ranges of 60-120 and 80-110 are listed for a particular parameter, it is understood that ranges of 60-110 and 80-120 are contemplated. Additionally, if the minimum range values 1 and 2 are listed, and if the maximum range values 3, 4, and 5 are listed, the following ranges are all expected: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2- 3, 2-4 and 2-5.
  • the numerical range "a-b” represents an abbreviated representation of any combination of real numbers between a and b, where a and b are both real numbers.
  • the numerical range "0-5" indicates that all real numbers between "0-5" have been listed in this article, and "0-5" is only an abbreviated representation of the combination of these values.
  • a certain parameter is an integer ⁇ 2
  • the method includes steps (a) and (b), which means that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed in sequence, and may also include steps (b) and (a) performed in sequence.
  • steps (c) means that step (c) may be added to the method in any order, for example, the method may include steps (a), (b) and (c) , may also include steps (a), (c) and (b), may also include steps (c), (a) and (b) and so on.
  • the "comprising” and “comprising” mentioned herein mean an open type or a closed type.
  • the “comprising” and “comprising” may mean that other components not listed may be included or included, or only listed components may be included or included.
  • the term "or” is inclusive.
  • the phrase “A or B” means “A, B, or both A and B.” More specifically, the condition “A or B” is satisfied by either of the following: A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists) ; or both A and B are true (or exist).
  • battery cell refers to a single battery that can be independently charged and discharged.
  • the components of the battery cell may include a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece, a separator, an electrolyte, and an outer package for packaging the positive electrode piece, the negative electrode piece, the separator, and the electrolyte.
  • the present application has no special restrictions on the type and shape of the battery cell, which may be a soft pack battery cell, a cylindrical battery cell, or a square battery cell and other types of batteries.
  • the batteries in the present application may be lithium-ion batteries, potassium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, etc., and are particularly preferably lithium-ion batteries.
  • active ions are intercalated and extracted back and forth between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
  • the electrolyte plays the role of conducting ions between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece.
  • the "chemical system" of the battery is divided according to the composition of the positive electrode active material used in the positive electrode sheet of the battery, and there is no limitation on the doping or coating elements or substances of the positive electrode active material.
  • cells whose positive electrode active material is lithium iron phosphate can be defined as lithium iron phosphate chemical system cells.
  • the cell whose positive electrode active material is lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (generally referred to as NCM) can be defined as an NCM chemical system cell.
  • the battery chemical system can be further limited according to the relative content of nickel , cobalt , and manganese in the positive electrode active material.
  • the positive electrode active material is LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (generally referred to as NCM622) can be defined as the NCM622 chemical system cell, the positive electrode active material is LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 ( Generally referred to as NCM811) batteries can be defined as NCM811 chemical system batteries.
  • Nickel-cobalt-lithium-aluminate system batteries (generally called NCA) as positive electrode materials can be defined as NCA chemical system batteries.
  • NCA nickel-cobalt-lithium-aluminate system batteries
  • a hybrid battery cell such as a hybrid battery cell including NCM and NCA, may also be used.
  • the battery cell of the present application includes a negative electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode film layer disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode film layer contains a negative electrode active material.
  • the negative electrode active material of the negative electrode film layer can include common negative electrode active materials, for example, natural graphite, artificial graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, lithium titanate one or more of.
  • the silicon-based material can be selected from one or more of elemental silicon, silicon oxide, and silicon-carbon composites.
  • the tin-based material may be selected from one or more of simple tin, tin oxide compounds, and tin alloys.
  • the negative electrode membrane includes negative electrode active materials, optional binders, optional conductive agents and other optional additives, and is usually formed by coating and drying negative electrode slurry.
  • the negative electrode slurry is usually formed by dispersing the negative electrode active material and optional conductive agent and binder in a solvent and stirring evenly.
  • the solvent can be N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) or deionized water.
  • the conductive agent may include one or more of superconducting carbon, carbon black (such as acetylene black, ketjen black), carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon nanofibers.
  • carbon black such as acetylene black, ketjen black
  • carbon dots carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon nanofibers.
  • the binder may include styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), water-soluble unsaturated resin SR-1B, polyacrylic acid (PAA), sodium polyacrylate (PAAS), polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) , sodium alginate (SA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) in one or more.
  • the binder may include one of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), polymethacrylic acid (PMAA), and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) or several.
  • Other optional additives are, for example, thickeners (such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose CMC-Na), PTC thermistor materials, and the like.
  • the negative pole piece does not exclude other additional functional layers other than the negative film layer.
  • the negative electrode sheet of the present application can also include a conductive primer layer (for example, made of a conductive agent and a bonding agent composition).
  • the negative electrode sheet of the present application may further include a covering protective layer covering the surface of the second negative electrode film layer.
  • the negative electrode current collector may be a metal foil or a composite current collector, for example, the metal foil may be copper foil, silver foil, iron foil, or a foil composed of an alloy of the above metals.
  • the composite current collector can include a polymer material base and a metal layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer material base, which can be made by adding metal materials (copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) ) formed on the base layer of polymer materials (such as polypropylene PP, polyethylene terephthalate PET, polybutylene terephthalate PBT, polystyrene PS, polyethylene PE and its copolymers and other materials) Formed on the base layer).
  • polymer materials such as polypropylene PP, polyethylene terephthalate PET, polybutylene terephthalate PBT, polystyrene PS, polyethylene PE and its copolymers and other materials
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode film layer disposed on at least one surface of the positive electrode collector and including a positive electrode active material.
  • the positive current collector has two opposite surfaces in its thickness direction, and the positive electrode film layer is disposed on any one or both of the two opposite surfaces of the positive current collector.
  • the positive current collector may be a metal foil or a composite current collector, for example, the metal foil may be an aluminum foil, and the composite current collector may include a polymer material base layer and a base layer formed on the polymer material. A metal layer on at least one surface of a base material.
  • the composite current collector can be formed by forming a metal material (aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as polypropylene PP, polyethylene terephthalic acid It is formed on substrates such as ethylene glycol ester PET, polybutylene terephthalate PBT, polystyrene PS, polyethylene PE and its copolymers).
  • a metal material aluminum alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.
  • a polymer material substrate such as polypropylene PP, polyethylene terephthalic acid It is formed on substrates such as ethylene glycol ester PET, polybutylene terephthalate PBT, polystyrene PS, polyethylene PE and its copolymers.
  • the positive active material for electric cores known in the art may be used.
  • the positive electrode active material may include one or more of the following: olivine-structured lithium-containing phosphate, lithium transition metal oxides, and their respective modified compounds.
  • the present application is not limited to these materials, and other traditional materials that can be used as the positive electrode active material of the battery can also be used.
  • These positive electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • lithium transition metal oxides may include, but are not limited to, lithium cobalt oxides (such as LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickel oxides (such as LiNiO 2 ), lithium manganese oxides (such as LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 ), lithium Nickel cobalt oxide, lithium manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (such as LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (NCM333), LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 (NCM523), LiNi 0.5 Co 0.25 Mn 0.25 O 2 (NCM211), LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (NCM622), LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 (NCM811)), lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (such as One or more of LiNi 0.85 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 ) and its modified compounds.
  • lithium cobalt oxides such as LiCoO 2
  • lithium nickel oxides such as Li
  • olivine-structured lithium-containing phosphates may include, but are not limited to, lithium iron phosphate (such as LiFePO 4 (LFP)), lithium iron phosphate and carbon composites, lithium manganese phosphate (such as LiMnPO 4 ), lithium manganese phosphate and carbon One or more of composite materials, lithium manganese iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate and carbon composite materials.
  • the positive electrode film layer may further optionally include a binder.
  • the non-limiting example that can be used for the binding agent of anode membrane layer can include following one or more: polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-propylene meta-copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer and fluorine-containing acrylate resin.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • terpolymer vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer
  • the positive electrode film layer may further optionally contain a conductive agent.
  • a conductive agent used in the positive film layer may include one or more of superconducting carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene and carbon nanofibers.
  • the positive electrode can be prepared in the following manner: the above-mentioned components for preparing the positive electrode, such as positive electrode active material, conductive agent, binder and any other components, are dispersed in a solvent (such as N- Methylpyrrolidone) to form a uniform positive electrode slurry; the positive electrode slurry is coated on the positive electrode current collector, and after drying, cold pressing and other processes, the positive electrode sheet can be obtained.
  • a solvent such as N- Methylpyrrolidone
  • the electrolyte plays the role of conducting ions between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece.
  • the electrolyte solution includes an electrolyte salt and a solvent.
  • the electrolyte salt may be selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF 6 ), difluorosulfonyl Lithium amide (LiFSI), lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonyl imide (LiTFSI), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiTFS), lithium difluorooxalate borate (LiDFOB), lithium difluorooxalate borate (LiBOB), lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO 2 F 2 ), lithium difluorooxalate phosphate (LiDFOP) and lithium
  • the solvent can be selected from one or more of the following: ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC), Dipropyl Carbonate (DPC), Methyl Propyl Carbonate (MPC), Ethyl Propyl Carbonate (EPC), Butylene Carbonate (BC), Fluoroethylene Carbonate (FEC ), methyl formate (MF), methyl acetate (MA), ethyl acetate (EA), propyl acetate (PA), methyl propionate (MP), ethyl propionate (EP), propyl propionate (PP), methyl butyrate (MB), ethyl butyrate (EB), 1,4-butyrolactone (GBL), sulfolane (SF), dimethyl sulfone (MSM), methyl ethyl sulfone (EMS) and two E
  • the content of the solvent is 60-99% by weight, such as 65-95% by weight, or 70-90% by weight, or 75- 89% by weight, or 80-85% by weight. In one embodiment of the present application, based on the total weight of the electrolyte, the content of the electrolyte is 1-40% by weight, such as 5-35% by weight, or 10-30% by weight, or 11- 25% by weight, or 15-20% by weight.
  • additives may optionally be included in the electrolyte.
  • additives can include one or more of the following: negative electrode film-forming additives, positive electrode film-forming additives, and additives that can improve certain performances of the battery, such as additives that improve battery overcharge performance, additives that improve battery high-temperature performance, Additives to improve low-temperature performance of batteries, etc.
  • the cell further includes a separator, which separates the anode side of the cell from the cathode side, and provides selective permeation or barrier to substances of different types, sizes and charges in the system.
  • the separator can insulate the electrons, physically separate the positive and negative active materials of the cell, prevent internal short circuit and form an electric field in a certain direction, and at the same time enable the ions in the battery to move between the positive and negative electrodes through the separator .
  • the material used to prepare the isolation film may include one or more of glass fiber, non-woven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride.
  • the isolation film can be a single-layer film or a multi-layer composite film.
  • the separator is a multilayer composite film, the materials of each layer may be the same or different.
  • the above-mentioned positive pole piece, negative pole piece and separator can be made into an electrode assembly/bare cell through a winding process or a lamination process.
  • the battery cell may include an outer package, and the outer package may be used to package the above-mentioned electrode assembly and electrolyte.
  • the outer package of the battery cell may be a hard shell, such as a hard plastic shell, aluminum shell, steel shell, and the like.
  • the outer package of the battery cell may be a soft bag, such as a bag-type soft bag.
  • the material of the soft bag can be plastic, such as one or more of polypropylene (PP), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polybutylene succinate (PBS) and the like.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a battery cell 5 of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view showing an example of the battery cell 5 of the present application shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the outer package may include a shell 51 and a cover 53 , the shell 51 may include a bottom plate and a side plate connected to the bottom plate, and the bottom plate and the side plates enclose to form an accommodating cavity.
  • the housing 51 has an opening communicating with the accommodating cavity, and the cover plate 53 can cover the opening to close the accommodating cavity.
  • the positive pole piece, the negative pole piece and the separator can form the electrode assembly 52 through a winding process or a lamination process.
  • the number of electrode assemblies 52 contained in the battery cell 5 can be one or more.
  • a “battery pack” is formed by electrically connecting a certain number of cells together and putting them into a frame in order to protect the cells from external impact, heat, vibration, etc.
  • the shape of the electric core of the present application may be cylindrical, square or any other shape.
  • the battery pack contains two or more battery cells, and the specific number depends on the application of the battery pack and the parameters of a single battery pack.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing one example of the battery pack of the present application.
  • a plurality of battery cells 5a, 5b may be arranged sequentially along the length direction of the battery pack 4 (5a may be the first battery cell, and 5b may be the second battery cell). Of course, it can also be arranged in any other manner. Further, the plurality of electric cores 5a, 5b may be fixed by fasteners.
  • the battery pack 4 may also include a casing having a housing space in which a plurality of packs 5a, 5b are housed.
  • the battery pack includes at least a first type of battery cell and a second type of battery cell electrically connected in series, the first type of battery cell includes N first battery cells, and the second type of battery cell includes M a second battery cell, N and M are positive integers; the discharge battery balance rate of the first battery cell is CB1, and the discharge battery balance rate of the second battery cell is CB2, 0.5 ⁇ CB1 ⁇ CB2 ⁇ 1.4, and
  • the open circuit voltage change rate corresponding to the first battery cell is not greater than 0.005V/%SOC, and the open circuit voltage corresponding to the second type battery cell
  • the rate of change is greater than the rate of change of the open circuit voltage corresponding to the first cell.
  • SOC means the state of charge (State Of Charge), which refers to the ratio of the remaining power of the current battery to the rated capacity under the same conditions, for example, it can be 100%, 99%, 90%, 80%, 70% , 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 0%.
  • the first type of battery cell is a working battery cell
  • the second type of battery cell is an indicator battery cell.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the plateau region of the SOC-OCV curve of the working cell in the battery pack of the present application.
  • the SOC-OCV curve of the working cell has a plateau region in the interval of approximately 30% SOC to 95% SOC, and in this plateau region, the open circuit voltage OCV1 of the working cell is relatively
  • the change rate ⁇ OCV1/ ⁇ SOC1 of the state of charge SOC1 is less than or equal to 0.005V/%SOC.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing that the indicating cell in the battery pack of the present application indicates the working cell.
  • the BMS detects that the value indicating the state of charge SOC2 of the battery cell reaches the specified SOC value (for example, 100% SOC), it stops charging the battery pack, and the battery pack at this time will be charged state as a fully charged state.
  • the dotted line box represents the indication area of the indicated cell, which indicates to stop charging the battery pack
  • the shaded part represents the effective capacity area of the battery pack obtained by indicating the stop of charging from the indicated cell,
  • the working cell only uses the capacity of the SOC corresponding to the indication area of the indicating cell (for example, 80% capacity).
  • the method for obtaining the OCV variation curve of the cell within the range of 0%-100% SOC generally includes the following steps:
  • S101 Charge the cell until it reaches the nominal upper limit cut-off voltage of the cell, so that the cell is fully charged;
  • S103 Use the preset discharge rate to discharge to the lower limit cut-off voltage of the battery cell, and test the actual discharged capacity C0 of the battery cell, and the actual discharged capacity C0 is the actual capacity of the battery cell;
  • S104 Let the discharged cell stand for a preset time, so that the electrolyte in the cell can fully infiltrate the diaphragm and electrode material, so that the voltage of the cell tends to be stable;
  • S106 Using a preset discharge rate, discharge for a time of t1, that is, discharge 5% of the battery capacity, and the remaining capacity of the battery at this time is 95% SOC.
  • S108 Repeat steps S106-S107 to sequentially obtain 90% SOC, 85% SOC, . . . 0% SOC corresponding to the static OCV respectively, and obtain the change curve of OCV within the range of 0%-100% SOC.
  • S101 Use the nominal current constant current and constant voltage to charge the battery cell until it reaches the nominal upper limit cut-off voltage of the battery cell, so that the battery cell is fully charged;
  • S103 Use a discharge rate of 0.33C to discharge to the lower limit cut-off voltage of the battery cell, and test to obtain the actual released capacity C0 of the battery cell, and the actual released capacity C0 is the actual capacity of the battery cell;
  • S104 Let the discharged cell stand for 2 hours, so that the electrolyte in the cell can fully infiltrate the diaphragm and electrode material, so that the voltage of the cell tends to be stable;
  • S106 Use a discharge rate of 0.33C0, discharge for 9.09 minutes, that is, discharge 5% of the battery capacity, and the remaining capacity of the battery is 95% SOC at this time.
  • S108 Repeat steps S106-S107 to sequentially obtain 90% SOC, 85% SOC, . . . 0% SOC corresponding to the static OCV respectively, and obtain the OCV variation curve within the range of 0%-100% SOC.
  • the nominal current can be freely selected according to the capacity of the battery pack. For example, when the capacity of the battery pack is 50Ah, the nominal current can be 50A; for example, when the capacity of the battery pack is 100Ah, the nominal current can be 100A.
  • the discharge battery balance rate of a battery cell has a well-known meaning in the art, and conventional methods can be used for testing.
  • the discharge capacity of the positive pole piece can be calculated to obtain the discharge battery balance rate of the battery cell.
  • the discharge capacity of the positive pole piece or the negative pole piece is a well-known meaning in the art, and can be tested by conventional methods. As an example, the following steps can be used for testing:
  • the sampling position of the positive pole piece is: select any position in the middle of the distance > 15mm from the edge.
  • the sampling position of the negative pole piece is: select the negative pole piece at the opposite position of the selected positive pole piece; and the sampling area of the positive pole piece is the same as the sampling area of the negative pole piece;
  • the test voltage is 0.05-2.0V
  • the test temperature is 25°C
  • the charge/discharge rate is 0.1C.
  • the working battery is indicated by adding at least one indicating battery, and is controlled so that when the BMS detects that the value of the state of charge SOC2 of the indicating battery reaches the specified SOC in the high-end area during the charging process of the battery pack value, stop charging the battery pack, and take the state of charge of the battery pack at this time as a fully charged state, thereby preventing the cumulative error of the ampere-hour integration method and improving the overall SOC prediction accuracy of the battery pack; and by retaining The capacity of the high-end area (that is, the high SOC area) is not released, so that the working cell can be designed with a smaller discharge cell balance rate (CB value), which can save the amount of negative electrode graphite while realizing life (capacity) compensation , which can further increase the energy density of the battery pack.
  • CB value discharge cell balance rate
  • the discharge cell balance ratio of the second cell is CB2, 0.5 ⁇ CB2 ⁇ 1.4, optionally, 1 ⁇ CB2 ⁇ 1.25. Therefore, in the present application, the energy density of the battery pack as a whole can be further improved by making the discharge battery balance rate of the second battery cell meet the above conditions.
  • the nominal capacity of the first cell is CAP1
  • the nominal capacity of the second cell is CAP2, CAP1/CAP2 ⁇ 1, and CB2/CB1 ⁇ 1.
  • the CAP value is the nominal capacity at the nominal voltage of the battery cell.
  • the 0.33C discharge capacity value of the material system within the commonly used voltage range in the industry is used as C0; for example, lithium iron phosphate batteries are generally 2.5 V ⁇ 3.65V; NCM is generally 2.5V/2.8V ⁇ 4.25V/4.30V/4.35V/4.4V; if the first cell and the second cell are of the same chemical system, the test voltage range of the second cell It is consistent with the first battery; after the capacity test is completed, the data is valid if there is no lithium analysis on the battery disassembly interface. The pole piece is punched and assembled into a half-battery with a lithium piece, and then the same test is carried out as follows:
  • step 6 Use the discharge capacity in step 6 as the CAP of the battery cell; if the number is ⁇ 12, remove the 2 maximum values and 2 minimum values, and take the average value.
  • M and N satisfy: 1 ⁇ M ⁇ N, optionally, 1 ⁇ M ⁇ 15N, during the charging process of the battery pack, for a certain SOC interval ⁇ SOC, the first battery
  • the open circuit voltage difference of the core is ⁇ OCV1
  • the open circuit voltage difference of the second cell is ⁇ OCV2, which satisfies the following relationship: (M ⁇ OCV2+N ⁇ OCV1)/((M+N) ⁇ SOC)>0.005V/%SOC . Therefore, in the present application, by making the SOC-OCV curves of the first battery cell and the second battery cell meet the above conditions, the voltage control accuracy of the battery pack as a whole can be further improved.
  • the open circuit voltage OCV2 of the second battery cell is relative to the second battery cell in the range of 20% to 70% SOC.
  • the rate of change ⁇ OCV2/ ⁇ SOC2 of the state of charge SOC2 of the core satisfies: ⁇ OCV2/ ⁇ SOC2 ⁇ 0.005V/%SOC.
  • the positive electrode active material of the second cell includes lithium-containing phosphate represented by formula (I),
  • M' is selected from one or more of transition metal elements and non-transition metal elements other than Fe and Mn.
  • the positive electrode active material of the second battery cell also includes the layered lithium transition metal oxide shown in formula (II), the compound shown in formula (IV) or formula (V) at least one,
  • M1 is selected from at least Mn and Al
  • M2 is selected from one or more of Fe, Cr, Ti, Zn, V, Al, W, Mg, B, Cu, Y, Si, Sr, Zr and Ce
  • A1 is selected from S, N, One or more of F, Cl, Br, PO 4 3- and I; optionally, 0.5 ⁇ a1 ⁇ 0.7, 0.01 ⁇ b1 ⁇ 0.15;
  • M3 is a transition metal
  • M' is a transition metal, 0 ⁇ x4 ⁇ 2, 0.8 ⁇ y4 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ z4 ⁇ 20;
  • M4 and M5 are independently selected from Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sr, Y, Nb, Mo, Sn, Ba, W transition Metal ion or O;
  • X is a halide ion selected from F, Cl and Br, wherein h, k, l, y3 are all ⁇ 0, and satisfy chemical coordination with z3.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the SOC-OCV curve of the indicated cell in the battery pack of the present application.
  • the solid line represents the SOC-OCV curve of the indicator cell whose positive electrode material is lithium manganese iron phosphate
  • the dotted line represents the SOC-OCV curve of the indicator cell whose positive electrode material is lithium manganese iron phosphate mixed with NCM.
  • the one-dot dash line indicates the SOC-OCV curve of the indicator cell in the blending case 2 where the positive electrode material is lithium manganese iron phosphate mixed with NCM
  • the double-dot dash line indicates that the positive electrode material is lithium manganese iron phosphate
  • the dotted line indicates the SOC-OCV curve of the indicator cell in blending case 4 in which the positive electrode material is lithium manganese iron phosphate blended with NCA.
  • the SOC-OCV curves of the above five kinds of indicating cells they all include the SOC correction and equalization indication area and the charging indication area (that is, the indication cell indication area in Figure 8).
  • the accumulative discharge capacity is calculated according to the discharge current and the stepping point of time.
  • the sampling error of the current sampler there will be a large accumulative error in the SOC prediction after a certain period of accumulation.
  • the static SOC-OCV of the battery cell system can maintain a high consistency with the aging of the battery cell, but the voltage change in the platform area is small, and the calibration effect of SOC is weakened . By changing the variation difference of OCV, the functional utilization of SOC correction can be improved.
  • the equilibrium indicator action area refers to the change of the initial SOC-OCV curve through the mixed system. Since lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese iron phosphate materials have a long plateau area (very small voltage change), it is difficult to obtain the change of SOC, and also It is difficult to distinguish the differences in the self-discharge and SOC states of different cells, so it is difficult to identify the balancing requirements of the cells in this working condition. Therefore, by making the OCV change greatly, it can help to identify the inconsistency of the battery cells, facilitate the equalization of command requirements, adjust the 0% SOC or 100% SOC alignment of each battery cell, and prevent the high and low ends caused by the inconsistency of the cells. The barrel effect worsens the overall total capacity play.
  • the positive electrode active material of the first cell includes a lithium-containing phosphate represented by formula (III),
  • 0 ⁇ x5 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y5 ⁇ 0.1, M is selected from one or more of transition metal elements and non-transition metal elements except Fe and Mn.
  • the negative active material of the first cell and the negative active material of the second cell can be independently selected from artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon-based materials , one or more of tin-based materials and lithium titanate;
  • the negative active material of the first battery cell and the negative active material of the second battery cell have the same composition.
  • the life (capacity) compensation levels of the working battery and the indicating battery can be basically consistent, and the working battery can be made
  • the attenuation rate of the cell and the indicator cell are basically the same, which can prevent the barrel effect of the battery pack from affecting the overall capacity.
  • the indicator cell can use lithium supplementation technology to achieve long life.
  • lithium supplementation technology can be: pre-lithiation of cathode and anode active materials; or compensation with different lithium supplementation agents, such as cathode lithium supplementation agent, anode lithium supplementation agent, electrolyte lithium supplementation agent; or directly press into the anode surface Technologies such as lithium foil or ribbon.
  • the first type of battery cell is electrically connected to the second type of battery cell, so as to output or store electrical energy at a required voltage and current.
  • the battery cells of the first type and the battery cells of the second type may be electrically connected in series or in series/parallel combination.
  • the first type of battery cell and the second type of battery cell when the first type of battery cell and the second type of battery cell are at least electrically connected in series, the first type of battery cell and the second type of battery cell can be charged/discharged synchronously, which facilitates the realization of different battery packs.
  • the capacity decay characteristics of the chemical system cells are consistent, which is conducive to achieving a long cycle life of the battery pack.
  • the electrical connection manner of the first type of battery cell and the second type of battery cell is a series connection.
  • the electrical connection manner of the first type of cells and the second type of cells also includes parallel connection.
  • the parallel connection of the first type of cells and the second type of cells can be that multiple first type cells and the second type cells are connected in series to form sub-modules, and on this basis, it will have the same More than 2 sub-modules of the total voltage are connected in parallel. This can further increase the external output current of the battery pack.
  • Another aspect of the present application provides a method for manufacturing a battery pack, which includes the following steps: obtaining a first type of battery cell and a second type of battery cell, the first type of battery cell includes N first battery cells, and the first type of battery cell
  • the second type of battery includes M second batteries, N and M are positive integers; the discharge battery balance rate of the first battery is CB1, and the discharge battery balance rate of the second battery is CB2, 0.5 ⁇ CB1 ⁇ CB2 ⁇ 1.4, and when the charging of the battery pack reaches the 95%-100% state of charge interval, the change rate of the open circuit voltage corresponding to the first battery cell is not greater than 0.005V/%SOC, and the second type battery
  • the rate of change of the open circuit voltage corresponding to the cell is greater than the rate of change of the open circuit voltage corresponding to the first cell; and the first type of cell and the second type of cell are electrically connected in series to form the above the battery pack described above.
  • At least one indicating cell is added to indicate the working cell, and it is controlled so that when the BMS detects the state of charge SOC2 of the indicating cell during the charging process of the battery pack When the value reaches the specified SOC value in the high-end area, the charging of the battery pack is stopped, and the state of charge of the battery pack at this time is regarded as a fully charged state, thereby preventing the cumulative error of the ampere-hour integration method and improving the overall performance of the battery pack.
  • the working cell can be designed with a smaller discharge cell balance rate (CB value), so that the service life (capacity) can be achieved Compensating while saving the amount of negative electrode graphite can further increase the energy density of the battery pack.
  • CB value discharge cell balance rate
  • the technical features of the battery pack in this application are also applicable to the manufacturing method of the battery pack, and produce corresponding beneficial effects.
  • Both the first type of cell and the second type of cell are commercially available or prepared by methods known in the art.
  • the positive pole piece, the separator and the negative pole piece can be stacked or wound to form a battery cell; the battery monomer is put into the outer packaging, the electrolyte is injected, and after subsequent processes such as packaging, the battery is obtained. monomer.
  • the positive electrode sheet can be prepared according to conventional methods in the art.
  • the positive electrode active material, conductive agent and binder are dispersed in a solvent to form a uniform positive electrode slurry, and the solvent is, for example, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); the positive electrode slurry is coated on the positive electrode current collector, and the After drying, cold pressing and other processes, the positive electrode sheet is obtained.
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • the negative electrode sheet can be prepared according to conventional methods in the art. For example, disperse the negative electrode active material, conductive agent, binder and thickener in the solvent to form a uniform negative electrode slurry, the solvent is, for example, deionized water; the negative electrode slurry is coated on the negative electrode current collector, and after drying After drying, cold pressing and other processes, the negative electrode sheet is obtained.
  • the solvent is, for example, deionized water
  • the negative electrode slurry is coated on the negative electrode current collector, and after drying After drying, cold pressing and other processes, the negative electrode sheet is obtained.
  • a battery pack manufacturing equipment including: a clamp arm unit, the clamp arm unit is used to obtain the first type of battery cell and the second type of battery cell, the first type of battery cell includes N The first battery cell, the second type of battery cell includes M second battery cells, N and M are positive integers; the discharged battery balance rate of the first battery cell is CB1, and the discharged battery cell of the second battery cell When the balance rate is CB2, 0.5 ⁇ CB1 ⁇ CB2 ⁇ 1.4, and the charging of the battery pack reaches the 95%-100% state of charge interval, the change rate of the open circuit voltage corresponding to the first battery cell is not greater than 0.005V/% SOC, the rate of change of the open circuit voltage corresponding to the second type of cell is greater than the rate of change of the open circuit voltage corresponding to the first cell; an assembly unit, the assembly unit is used to combine the first type of cell and the first type of cell The battery cells of the second type are electrically connected in a series manner to form the battery pack as described above; and
  • Another aspect of the present application also provides a battery pack, which includes any one or several battery packs of the present application.
  • the number of battery packs contained in the battery pack can be adjusted according to the application and capacity of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack may further include battery management system modules (BMS), cooling/heating components and other auxiliary components.
  • BMS battery management system modules
  • the battery pack includes more than two battery packs, each of which is a battery pack described in this application.
  • the battery pack has high safety, and at the same time, the capacity fading tendencies of cells with different chemical systems are basically the same, so its cycle life can be significantly improved.
  • the battery pack 1 may include a battery box and a plurality of battery packs 4 disposed in the battery box.
  • the battery box includes an upper box body 2 and a lower box body 3 , the upper box body 2 can cover the lower box body 3 and form a closed space for accommodating the battery pack 4 .
  • Multiple battery packs 4 can be arranged in the battery box in any manner.
  • the electric device includes the battery pack or battery pack described in the present application.
  • the battery pack or the battery pack can be used as a power source of the electric device to provide power for the electric device; it can also be used as an energy storage unit of the electric device.
  • the electric device can be, but not limited to, mobile devices (such as mobile phones, notebook computers, etc.), electric vehicles (such as pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, electric trucks, etc.), electric trains, ships and satellites, energy storage systems, etc.
  • the electrical device can select an electrochemical device, such as a battery pack or a battery pack, according to its usage requirements.
  • FIG. 6 is an example of an electrical device.
  • the electric device is a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.
  • the electric device can use a battery pack or a battery module.
  • the battery pack includes at least a first type of battery cell and a second type of battery cell electrically connected in series, the first type of battery cell includes N first
  • the batteries of the second type include M second batteries, and N and M are positive integers; the discharge battery balance rate of the first batteries is CB1, and the discharge battery balance rate of the second batteries is CB2, 0.5 ⁇ CB1 ⁇ CB2 ⁇ 1.4, and when the charging of the battery pack reaches the range of 95%-100% state of charge, the open circuit voltage change rate corresponding to the first battery cell is not greater than 0.005V/%SOC, The open-circuit voltage change rate corresponding to the second type of battery cell is greater than the open-circuit voltage change rate corresponding to the first battery cell.
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • the positive electrode material slurry is evenly coated on the positive electrode current collector A1 foil, and after drying, the electrode sheet is cold-pressed to the design compaction, and is divided into strips for later use to obtain the positive electrode sheet.
  • Negative electrode active materials such as graphite and conductive carbon, binder polystyrene butadiene copolymer (SBR), thickener sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are in an appropriate amount by weight ratio of 95:2:2:1 Fully stir and mix in the water solvent to form a uniform negative electrode stable slurry; apply this slurry evenly on the Cu foil of the negative electrode current collector, and after drying, cold press the electrode piece to the design compaction, and divide it into strips for later use.
  • SBR binder polystyrene butadiene copolymer
  • CMC thickener sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
  • the positive pole piece, the separator and the negative pole piece are wound together into a bare battery cell, then placed in the battery case, injected with electrolyte, followed by formation, sealing and other processes, and finally obtained Rechargeable power cells.
  • the battery pack is electrically connected in series with the first type of cells and the second type of cells.
  • the first type of cells includes 4 first cells
  • the second type of cells includes 1 second cell. Batteries.
  • the method for obtaining the OCV variation curve of the cell within the range of 0%-100% SOC generally includes the following steps:
  • S101 Charge the cell until it reaches the nominal upper limit cut-off voltage of the cell, so that the cell is fully charged;
  • S103 Use the preset discharge rate to discharge to the lower limit cut-off voltage of the battery cell, and test the actual discharged capacity C0 of the battery cell, and the actual discharged capacity C0 is the actual capacity of the battery cell;
  • S104 Let the discharged cell stand for a preset time, so that the electrolyte in the cell can fully infiltrate the diaphragm and electrode material, so that the voltage of the cell tends to be stable;
  • S106 Using a preset discharge rate, discharge for a time of t1, that is, discharge 5% of the battery capacity, and the remaining capacity of the battery at this time is 95% SOC.
  • S108 Repeat steps S106-S107 to sequentially obtain 90% SOC, 85% SOC, . . .
  • S101 Use the nominal current constant current and constant voltage to charge the battery cell until it reaches the nominal upper limit cut-off voltage of the battery cell, so that the battery cell is fully charged;
  • S104 Let the discharged cell stand for 2 hours, so that the electrolyte in the cell can fully infiltrate the diaphragm and electrode material, so that the voltage of the cell tends to be stable;
  • S106 Use a discharge rate of 0.33C0, discharge for 9.09 minutes, that is, discharge 5% of the battery capacity, and the remaining capacity of the battery is 95% SOC at this time.
  • S108 Repeat steps S106-S107 to sequentially obtain 90% SOC, 85% SOC, . . . 0% SOC corresponding to the static OCV respectively, and obtain the OCV variation curve within the range of 0%-100% SOC.
  • the nominal current can be freely selected according to the capacity of the battery pack. For example, when the capacity of the battery pack is 50Ah, the nominal current can be 50A; for example, when the capacity of the battery pack is 100Ah, the nominal current can be 100A.
  • the discharge battery balance rate of a battery cell has a well-known meaning in the art, and conventional methods can be used for testing.
  • the discharge capacity of the positive pole piece can be calculated to obtain the discharge battery balance rate of the battery cell.
  • the discharge capacity of the positive pole piece or the negative pole piece is a well-known meaning in the art, and can be tested by conventional methods. As an example, the following steps can be used for testing:
  • the sampling position of the positive pole piece is: select any position in the middle of the distance > 15mm from the edge.
  • the sampling position of the negative pole piece is: select the negative pole piece at the opposite position of the selected positive pole piece; and the sampling area of the positive pole piece is the same as the sampling area of the negative pole piece;
  • the test voltage is 0.05-2.0V
  • the test temperature is 25°C
  • the charge/discharge rate is 0.1C.
  • the CAP value is the nominal capacity at the nominal voltage of the battery cell. If there is no clear statement, the 0.33C discharge capacity value of the material system within the commonly used voltage range in the industry is used as C0; for example, lithium iron phosphate batteries are generally 2.5 V ⁇ 3.65V; NCM is generally 2.5V/2.8V ⁇ 4.25V/4.30V/4.35V/4.4V; if the first cell and the second cell are of the same chemical system, the test voltage range of the second cell Same as the first cell.
  • step 6 Use the discharge capacity in step 6 as the CAP of the battery cell; the number is ⁇ 12, remove the 2 maximum values and 2 minimum values, and take the average value.
  • the volumetric energy density of a battery pack is the sum of the energy of all cells in the battery pack divided by the total volume of the battery pack (length ⁇ width ⁇ height), where the total volume of the battery pack includes the volume of all cells and the volume of the battery pack
  • the volume of other constituent components including, but not limited to, harnesses, end and/or side panels, and roof panels.
  • the volumetric energy density of the cell is the energy of the cell divided by the volume of the cell.
  • the mass energy density of a battery pack is the sum of the energy of all cells in the battery pack divided by the total mass of the battery pack, where the total mass of the battery pack includes the mass of all cells and other components of the battery pack (including but not limited to the mass of the wiring harness, end and/or side panels, and top cover).
  • the mass energy density of the cell is the energy of the cell divided by the mass of the cell.
  • the percentage of life (capacity) compensation indicates the ratio of the capacity for compensation (such as lithium supplementation) in the battery to the initial capacity.
  • the life (capacity) compensation percentage of 100% means that the capacity for compensation in the battery has reached the same value as the initial capacity. This level is not preferable from the viewpoint of production cost.
  • the following battery packs of Examples 1-11 and Comparative Example 1 can be obtained.
  • the positive electrode material of the first type of battery cell and the second type of battery cell is lithium iron phosphate
  • the negative electrode material of the first type of battery cell and the second type of battery cell is graphite.
  • the CB1 values of the first type of cells are different from each other.
  • Examples 1 to 11 of the present application by making the discharge battery balance rate (CB1 value) of the first type of battery within the range of 0.5 ⁇ CB1 ⁇ 1.4, a certain life (capacity) compensation can be achieved, The life (capacity) compensation percentage is not made too large, and the energy density of the battery pack can be improved while improving the overall SOC prediction accuracy of the battery pack.
  • CB1 value discharge battery balance rate
  • Embodiments 3 to 9 are more preferable, especially Embodiments 3 to 6 are more preferable, which can achieve certain life (capacity) compensation and higher energy density of the battery pack.
  • the following battery packs of Examples 12-22 and Comparative Example 2 can be obtained.
  • the positive electrode material of the first type of battery cell and the second type of battery cell is lithium iron phosphate
  • the negative electrode material of the first type of battery cell and the second type of battery cell is graphite.
  • the CB2 values of the second type of cells are different from each other.
  • a certain life (capacity) compensation can be achieved by making the discharge battery balance rate (CB2 value) of the second type of battery within the range of 0.5 ⁇ CB2 ⁇ 1.4, The life (capacity) compensation percentage is not made too large, and the energy density of the battery pack can be improved while improving the overall SOC prediction accuracy of the battery pack.
  • Embodiments 15-20 are more preferable, which can achieve a certain life (capacity) compensation and higher energy density of the battery pack while improving the overall SOC prediction accuracy of the battery pack.
  • the positive electrode material of the first type battery cell and the second type battery cell is lithium iron phosphate
  • the negative electrode material of the first type battery cell and the second type battery cell is graphite
  • the positive electrode material of the first type of battery is lithium iron phosphate
  • the negative electrode material of the first type of battery is graphite
  • the positive electrode material of the second type of battery is NCM
  • the negative electrode material of the second type of battery is graphite
  • the positive electrode material of the first type of battery is lithium iron phosphate
  • the negative electrode material of the first type of battery is graphite
  • the positive electrode material of the second type of battery is a sodium battery
  • the negative electrode of the second type of battery is a sodium battery.
  • the material is hard carbon.
  • the positive electrode material of the first type of battery is lithium iron phosphate
  • the negative electrode material of the first type of battery is graphite
  • the positive electrode material of the second type of battery is lithium manganese iron phosphate
  • the negative electrode of the second type of battery is graphite.
  • the material is graphite.
  • the positive electrode material of the first type of battery is lithium iron phosphate
  • the negative electrode material of the first type of battery is graphite
  • the positive electrode material of the second type of battery is lithium manganese iron phosphate mixed NCM
  • the second type The negative electrode material of the cell is graphite.
  • the positive electrode material of the first type of battery is lithium iron phosphate
  • the negative electrode material of the first type of battery is graphite
  • the positive electrode material of the second type of battery is lithium manganese iron phosphate mixed NCA
  • the second type of battery The negative electrode material is graphite.
  • the ratio of CAP1 of the first type of battery to CAP2 of the second type of battery, and the ratio of CB2 of the second type of battery to CB1 of the first type of battery satisfy CAP1/CAP2 ⁇ 1 And the condition of CB2/CB1 ⁇ 1.
  • embodiments 29-36 are more preferable, which can achieve a certain life (capacity) compensation and higher energy density of the battery pack while improving the overall SOC prediction accuracy of the battery pack.
  • the positive electrode material of the second type of battery is not lithium iron phosphate, but NCM, sodium battery, lithium manganese iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate mixed NCM, lithium manganese iron phosphate mixed
  • a certain life (capacity) compensation can also be achieved without making the life (capacity) compensation percentage too large, and it can improve the overall SOC prediction accuracy of the battery pack while improving the battery pack. energy density.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente demande concerne un groupe de batteries. Le groupe de batteries comprend un élément de batterie de premier type et un élément de batterie de second type, qui sont au moins connectés électriquement en série, l'élément de batterie de premier type comprenant N premiers éléments de batterie, l'élément de batterie de second type comprenant M seconds éléments de batterie, et N et M étant des nombres entiers positifs ; un équilibre d'éléments (CB) de décharge des premiers éléments de batterie est désigné par CB1, un CB de décharge des seconds éléments de batterie est désigné par CB2, et 0,5 ≤ CB1 ≤ CB2 ≤ 1,4 ; et lorsque la charge du groupe de batteries atteint un intervalle d'état de charge (SOC) de 95 % à 100 %, un taux de variation de tension de circuit ouvert correspondant aux premiers éléments de batterie est inférieur ou égal à 0,005 V/% de SOC, et un taux de variation de tension de circuit ouvert correspondant à l'élément de batterie de second type est supérieur au taux de variation de tension de circuit ouvert correspondant aux premiers éléments de batterie.
PCT/CN2021/131688 2021-11-19 2021-11-19 Groupe de batteries, bloc-batterie, appareil électrique, procédé de fabrication et dispositif de fabrication de groupe de batteries, et procédé de commande de groupe de batteries WO2023087241A1 (fr)

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PCT/CN2021/131688 WO2023087241A1 (fr) 2021-11-19 2021-11-19 Groupe de batteries, bloc-batterie, appareil électrique, procédé de fabrication et dispositif de fabrication de groupe de batteries, et procédé de commande de groupe de batteries
CN202180092797.0A CN116802869A (zh) 2021-11-19 2021-11-19 电池组、电池包、电学装置、电池组的制造方法及制造设备、电池组的控制方法
EP21962766.8A EP4228043A4 (fr) 2021-11-19 2021-11-19 Groupe de batteries, bloc-batterie, appareil électrique, procédé de fabrication et dispositif de fabrication de groupe de batteries, et procédé de commande de groupe de batteries
US18/125,143 US11749999B2 (en) 2021-11-19 2023-03-23 Battery unit, battery pack, electrical device, method and apparatus for manufacturing battery unit, and method for controlling battery unit

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CN116802869A (zh) 2023-09-22
EP4228043A1 (fr) 2023-08-16

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