WO2023083156A1 - 一种黑色光伏背板及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种黑色光伏背板及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2023083156A1
WO2023083156A1 PCT/CN2022/130497 CN2022130497W WO2023083156A1 WO 2023083156 A1 WO2023083156 A1 WO 2023083156A1 CN 2022130497 W CN2022130497 W CN 2022130497W WO 2023083156 A1 WO2023083156 A1 WO 2023083156A1
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black
photovoltaic
coating
backplane
protective layer
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PCT/CN2022/130497
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王禹
卢士宸
冯志强
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天合光能股份有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C08K3/36—Silica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
    • C08L27/18—Homopolymers or copolymers or tetrafluoroethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D123/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D123/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C09D123/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
    • C09D123/12—Polypropene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D169/00—Coating compositions based on polycarbonates; Coating compositions based on derivatives of polycarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/41—Organic pigments; Organic dyes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/049—Protective back sheets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic backplanes, in particular to a black photovoltaic backplane and its preparation method and application.
  • the black module has a beautiful appearance and high added value, but because the black module uses a black backplane, the double-sided battery cannot fully function, reducing the power of the module.
  • the black coating in black components is mostly benzidine, and its monomers also have unstable double bonds such as azo bonds. After being subjected to high temperature, the benzene ring, five-membered ring and unstable double bonds will Structural rearrangement after double bond breakage occurs, which leads to changes in polymer molecular configuration, changes in light absorption, and yes, black fillers change in color.
  • CN109004051A discloses a solar cell back film, comprising a polymer polyester base layer, the side of the polymer polyester base layer in contact with the air and the side contacting the EVA adhesive film are all provided with a high weather resistance and high transmittance layer; the high weather resistance
  • the high transmittance layer contains an anti-ultraviolet additive, and the anti-ultraviolet additive is an inorganic nanometer filler or a mixture of an inorganic nanometer filler and an organic ultraviolet absorber.
  • Its disclosed solar cell back film uses transparent inorganic nano-fillers with good dispersion and stability as the anti-ultraviolet additive of the coating, and improves the original transparent coating formula, and develops a series of coating formulas and weather-resistant film, a low-yellowing, high-weather-resistant, relatively low-cost double-coated high-transmittance backsheet has been prepared; in addition, high-transmittance adhesives and polymers have been developed Polyester film, and on this basis, a solar cell back film with high weather resistance and high transmittance based on coating technology and adhesive composite technology has been further developed.
  • CN110172282A discloses a fluorocarbon coating coating solution and a solar backboard using the coating, in order to improve the ultraviolet aging resistance and damp heat aging resistance of the existing solar backboard.
  • the disclosed fluorocarbon coating solution contains 40% to 70% of fluorocarbon resin, 20% to 50% of titanium dioxide, 1% to 5% of matting powder, and 0.2% to 0.8% of polyacrylate in terms of weight percentage.
  • 3% to 105 isocyanate the solid content is controlled at 40% to 60%, and each component is limited within the above content range, so that the fluorocarbon resin can be initially reacted under high temperature conditions, and then subjected to 50°C for 48 hours.
  • a layer of high-density fluorocarbon coating is formed on the surface of PET, which can block UV light and undergo various weather resistance tests without significant performance attenuation.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a black photovoltaic backplane and its preparation method and application.
  • the black photovoltaic backplane is not easy to change color, has good color stability, and has the function of being used in photovoltaic modules. The validity period is longer.
  • the present application provides a black photovoltaic backplane
  • the black photovoltaic backplane includes a photovoltaic backplane substrate, a black coating layer and a protective layer stacked in sequence;
  • the protective layer has a thickness of 1-3 ⁇ m, such as 1.2 ⁇ m, 1.4 ⁇ m, 1.6 ⁇ m, 1.8 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 2.2 ⁇ m, 2.4 ⁇ m, 2.6 ⁇ m, 2.8 ⁇ m and the like.
  • the surface of the black coating is provided with a protective layer of a specific thickness, which can protect the color stability of the black coating when the photovoltaic module is working; at the same time, it can reduce the risk of double bond breakage of the black coating due to high temperature and high humidity.
  • the thickness of the black coating is 3-4.5 ⁇ m, such as 3.2 ⁇ m, 3.4 ⁇ m, 3.6 ⁇ m, 3.8 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, 4.2 ⁇ m, 4.4 ⁇ m and so on.
  • the thickness of the black coating described in the present application is reduced to 3-4.5 ⁇ m without affecting the basic performance of the black coating, compared with the thickness of more than 5 ⁇ m in the prior art.
  • the material of the black coating includes azo pigments.
  • the material of the black coating also includes at least one or a combination of two of acrylic resin, polyurethane, polycarbonate or polyolefin, wherein typical but non-limiting combinations include: acrylic resin and polyurethane The combination of polyurethane, polycarbonate and polyolefin, the combination of acrylic resin, polyurethane, polycarbonate and polyolefin, etc.
  • the material of the protective layer includes polymer resin and/or inorganic filler.
  • the polymer resin includes at least any one or a combination of two of polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polydivinylbenzene or polyimide, wherein typical but non-limiting combinations include: Combination of polypropylene and polytetrafluoroethylene, combination of polytetrafluoroethylene, polydivinylbenzene and polyimide, combination of polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polydivinylbenzene and polyimide, etc.
  • the inorganic filler includes at least any one or a combination of two of graphene, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide or silicon carbide, wherein a typical but non-limiting combination includes: graphene and silicon dioxide Combination, combination of silica, alumina and silicon carbide, combination of graphene, silica, alumina and silicon carbide, etc.
  • the material of the protective layer includes a combination of polytetrafluoroethylene, polydivinylbenzene and silicon dioxide.
  • the protective layer material described in the present application is preferably a combination of polytetrafluoroethylene, polydivinylbenzene and silicon dioxide, and the protective layer material of this combination can control the thickness of the protective layer at a relatively low level on the basis of ensuring the protection of the black coating. within a small range.
  • the mass ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, polydivinylbenzene and silicon dioxide is (4-8):(0.3-0.5):1, wherein 4-8 can be 4.5, 5, 5.5 , 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, etc., 0.3-0.5 can be 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, etc.
  • the present application provides a method for preparing the black photovoltaic backplane described in the first aspect, the preparation method comprising: sequentially coating a black coating and a protective layer on the surface of the photovoltaic backplane substrate to obtain the black photovoltaic backplane. backplane.
  • a drying operation is also included.
  • a drying operation is also included.
  • the drying temperature is 70-150°C, such as 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, etc.
  • the present application provides a photovoltaic cell, which includes the black photovoltaic backplane described in the first aspect.
  • the black photovoltaic backsheet described in this application is not easy to change color when the photovoltaic module is used, has good color stability, and has a long functional validity period.
  • the chromaticity value of the black photovoltaic backsheet described in this application is between -0.32-0.36, and the black performance is better.
  • the color change index is low, the color change is basically invisible to the naked eye, the color consistency is good, and the effectiveness of the black coating is more than 25 years.
  • Fig. 1 is the black photovoltaic backboard structure schematic diagram described in embodiment 1;
  • 1-photovoltaic backplane substrate 2-black coating
  • 3-protective layer 2-black coating
  • the black photovoltaic backplane includes a photovoltaic backplane substrate 1, a black coating 2 and a protective layer 3 which are sequentially stacked;
  • the thickness of the protective layer is 2 ⁇ m, and the material is polytetrafluoroethylene, polydivinylbenzene and silicon dioxide with a mass ratio of 5:0.5:1;
  • the thickness of the black coating is 4 ⁇ m, and the material is azo pigment and acrylic resin with a mass ratio of 1:1.
  • the preparation method of the above-mentioned black photovoltaic backplane comprises the following steps:
  • the materials of the black coating and the protective layer are separately prepared into slurry for later use, and then the black coating slurry is coated on the photovoltaic backplane substrate, dried at 80°C to form a black coating, and finally the protective layer slurry is coated coated on the black coating and dried at 80° C. to form a protective layer to obtain the black photovoltaic backplane.
  • This embodiment provides a black photovoltaic backplane, the black photovoltaic backplane includes a photovoltaic backplane substrate, a black coating and a protective layer that are stacked in sequence;
  • the thickness of the protective layer is 1 ⁇ m, and the material is silicon carbide;
  • the thickness of the black coating is 4.5 ⁇ m, and the material is azo pigment and polycarbonate with a mass ratio of 1:1.
  • the preparation method of the above-mentioned black photovoltaic backplane comprises the following steps:
  • the materials of the black coating and the protective layer are respectively prepared into slurry for later use, and then the black coating slurry is coated on the photovoltaic backplane substrate, dried at 50°C to form a black coating, and finally the protective layer slurry is coated coated on the black coating and dried at 150° C. to form a protective layer to obtain the black photovoltaic backplane.
  • This embodiment provides a black photovoltaic backplane, the black photovoltaic backplane includes a photovoltaic backplane substrate, a black coating and a protective layer that are stacked in sequence;
  • the thickness of the protective layer is 3 ⁇ m, and the material is polyimide;
  • the thickness of the black coating is 3 ⁇ m, and the material is azo pigment and polypropylene with a mass ratio of 1:1.
  • the preparation method of the above-mentioned black photovoltaic backplane comprises the following steps:
  • the materials of the black coating and the protective layer are separately prepared into slurry for later use, and then the black coating slurry is coated on the photovoltaic backplane substrate, dried at 50°C to form a black coating, and finally the protective layer slurry is coated coated on the black coating and dried at 50° C. to form a protective layer to obtain the black photovoltaic backplane.
  • Example 4 The difference between Examples 4-5 and Example 1 is that the thickness of the protective layer is 1 ⁇ m (Example 4) and 3 ⁇ m (Example 5), and the rest are the same as Example 1.
  • Embodiment 1 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the material of the protective layer does not include polytetrafluoroethylene, and the rest are the same as Embodiment 1.
  • Embodiment 1 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the material of the protective layer does not include silicon dioxide, and the rest are the same as Embodiment 1.
  • Comparative Examples 1-2 and Example 1 The difference between Comparative Examples 1-2 and Example 1 is that the thickness of the protective layer is 0.5 ⁇ m (Comparative Example 1) and 3.5 ⁇ m (Comparative Example 2), and the rest are the same as Example 1.
  • Chromaticity value b according to HGT 3862-2006 plastic yellowness index test method
  • Example 1 shows that the performance of Examples 6-8 is not as good as that of Example 1, which proves that the combination of polytetrafluoroethylene, polydivinylbenzene and silicon dioxide for the protective layer is more conducive to black Improvement of photovoltaic backplane performance.
  • the present application carried out the coating effectiveness time simulation test for Examples 1-5, the specific method is to pass high temperature baking, 1000 hours double 85 and other tests, which can simulate 25 years of outdoor use, the results It is proved that the functional effectiveness of the black photovoltaic backsheet described in this application is longer, up to 25 years.
  • the present application illustrates the detailed method of the present application through the above-mentioned examples, but the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned detailed method, that is, it does not mean that the application must rely on the above-mentioned detailed method to be implemented.
  • Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvement to the present application, the equivalent replacement of each raw material of the product of the present application, the addition of auxiliary components, the selection of specific methods, etc., all fall within the scope of protection and disclosure of the present application.

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Abstract

本申请涉及一种黑色光伏背板及其制备方法和应用，所述黑色光伏背板包括依次层叠设置的光伏背板基板、黑色涂层和保护层；所述保护层的厚度为1-3μm。本申请所述黑色光伏背板在光伏组件使用的情况下，不易变色，颜色稳定性好，并且功能有效性时间较长。

Description

一种黑色光伏背板及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本申请涉及光伏背板技术领域，尤其涉及一种黑色光伏背板及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
黑色组件外观优美，附加值高，但是黑色组件由于使用黑色背板，使得双面电池无法充分作用，降低了组件功率。目前黑色组件中的黑色涂层，使用的多为联苯胺类物质，其单体中还具有偶氮键等不稳定双键，在受到高温后，苯环、五元环以及不稳定双键会发生双键断裂后的结构重排，从而导致聚合物分子构型发生改变，对光线的吸收产生变化，是的黑色填料出现颜色变化。同时，由于使用聚合物高分子作为黑色填料，由于填料与丙烯酸树脂等常规树脂结合剂的检核效果较差，因此容易在经受高温高湿后，出现小分子的逸散和迁移，是的这些小分子通过水汽等外力流向，进入封装胶膜中，导致胶膜变色。
CN109004051A公开了一种太阳能电池背膜，包括高分子聚酯基层，所述高分子聚酯基层接触空气的一面和接触EVA胶膜的一面均设置有高耐候高透过率层；所述高耐候高透过率层中包含有抗紫外助剂，抗紫外助剂为无机纳米填料或无机纳米填料与有机紫外吸收剂的混合物。其公开的太阳能电池背膜使用具有良好分散性和稳定性的透明无机纳米填料作为涂层的抗紫外助剂，且对原有透明涂层配方进行了改善，开发出了一系列的涂层配方和耐候薄膜，制备得到了一种低黄变、高耐候、成本相对低廉的双面涂覆型高透过率背板；除此之外还开发出了高透光率胶黏剂和高分子聚酯薄膜，并在此基础上进一步开发出了基于涂覆技术和胶粘复合技术的高耐候、高透过率的太阳能电池背膜。
CN110172282A公开了一种氟碳涂层涂布液及使用该涂层的太阳能背板，为提高了现有太阳能背板耐紫外老化性和湿热老化性。其公开的氟碳涂布液，按照重量百分比计包含40％～70％的氟碳树脂，20％～50％的二氧化钛，1％～5％消光粉，0.2％～0.8％的聚丙烯酸酯，3％～105的异氰酸酯，控制固含量在40％～60％，将各个组分限定在上述含量范围内，可以使氟碳树脂在高温条件下初步反应，再经历50℃，48小时条件熟化，在PET表面形成一层高致密的氟碳涂层，可以阻隔UV光，经历各项耐候性测试而不发生明显的性能衰减。
现有技术中虽然有一些对黑色组件的改进，但是种类相对较少，工艺较复杂，成本也高。
综上所述，开发一种工艺简单且成本较低，并且兼具颜色稳定性和功能有效性的黑色光伏背板至关重要。
发明内容
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
针对现有技术的不足，本申请的目的在于提供一种黑色光伏背板及其制备方法和应用，所述黑色光伏背板在光伏组件使用的情况下，不易变色，颜色稳定性好，并且功能有效性时间较长。
为达此目的，本申请采用以下技术方案：
第一方面，本申请提供一种黑色光伏背板，所述黑色光伏背板包括依次层叠设置的光伏背板基板、黑色涂层和保护层；
所述保护层的厚度为1-3μm，例如1.2μm、1.4μm、1.6μm、1.8μm、2μm、2.2μm、2.4μm、2.6μm、2.8μm等。
本申请黑色光伏背板中，黑色涂层的表面设置有特定厚度的保护层，能够保护黑色涂层在光伏组件工作时的颜色稳定性；同时减少黑色涂层因高温高湿而双键断裂后产生的小分子有机物随水汽等进入胶膜的问题，尽可能的延长高反射黑色填料功能有效性的时间。
可选地，所述黑色涂层的厚度为3-4.5μm，例如3.2μm、3.4μm、3.6μm、3.8μm、4μm、4.2μm、4.4μm等。
本申请所述黑色涂层的厚度相比于现有技术中的5μm以上，在不影响黑色涂层基本性能的基础上降低至3-4.5μm。
可选地，所述黑色涂层的材料包括偶氮颜料。
可选地，所述黑色涂层的材料还包括丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯或聚烯烃中的至少任意一种或两种的组合，其中典型但非限制性的组合包括：丙烯酸树脂和聚氨酯的组合，聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯和聚烯烃的组合，丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯和聚烯烃的组合等。
可选地，所述保护层的材料包括聚合物树脂和/或无机填料。
可选地，所述聚合物树脂包括聚丙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚二乙烯基苯或聚酰亚胺中的至少任意一种或两种的组合，其中典型但非限制性的组合包括：聚丙烯和聚四氟乙烯的组合，聚四氟乙烯、聚二乙烯基苯和聚酰亚胺的组合，聚丙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚二乙烯基苯和聚酰亚胺的组合等。
可选地，所述无机填料包括石墨烯、二氧化硅、氧化铝或碳化硅中的至少任意一种或两种的组合，其中典型但非限制性的组合包括：石墨烯和二氧化硅的组合，二氧化硅、氧化铝和碳化硅的组合，石墨烯、二氧化硅、氧化铝和碳化硅的组合等。
可选地，所述保护层的材料包括聚四氟乙烯、聚二乙烯基苯和二氧化硅的组合。
本申请所述保护层材料优选聚四氟乙烯、聚二乙烯基苯和二氧化硅的组合，该组合的保护层材料在保证保护黑色涂层的基础上，能将保护层的厚度控制在较小范围内。
可选地，所述聚四氟乙烯、聚二乙烯基苯和二氧化硅的质量比为(4-8):(0.3-0.5):1，其中，4-8可以为4.5、5、5.5、6、6.5、7、7.5等，0.3-0.5可以为0.35、0.4、0.45等。
第二方面，本申请提供一种第一方面所述的黑色光伏背板的制备方法，所述制备方法包括：在光伏背板基板表面依次涂覆黑色涂层和保护层，得到所述黑色光伏背板。
可选地，完成所述黑色涂层的涂覆后，还包括干燥的操作。
可选地，完成所述保护层的涂覆后，还包括干燥的操作。
可选地，所述干燥的温度为70-150℃，例如70℃、80℃、90℃、100℃、110℃、120℃、130℃、140℃等。
第三方面，本申请提供一种光伏电池，所述光伏电池包括第一方面所述的黑色光伏背板。
相对于现有技术，本申请具有以下有益效果：
本申请所述黑色光伏背板在光伏组件使用的情况下，不易变色，颜色稳定性好，并且功能有效性时间较长。本申请所述黑色光伏背板的色度值在-0.32-0.36之间，显黑色性能较好，180℃烘烤后黄变指数△b在-0.14-1.07之间，180℃烘烤后黄变指数较低，变色肉眼基本不可见，颜色一致性好，黑色涂层有效性的 时间在25年以上。
在阅读并理解了附图和详细描述后，可以明白其他方面。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本文技术方案的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本申请的实施例一起用于解释本文的技术方案，并不构成对本文技术方案的限制。
图1是实施例1所述黑色光伏背板结构示意图；
其中，1-光伏背板基板、2-黑色涂层；3-保护层。
具体实施方式
为便于理解本申请，本申请列举实施例如下。本领域技术人员应该明了，所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本申请，不应视为对本申请的具体限制。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种黑色光伏背板，结构示意图如图1所示，所述黑色光伏背板包括依次层叠设置的光伏背板基板1、黑色涂层2和保护层3；
所述保护层的厚度为2μm，材料为质量比为5:0.5:1的聚四氟乙烯、聚二乙烯基苯和二氧化硅；
所述黑色涂层的厚度为4μm，材料为质量比为1：1的偶氮颜料和丙烯酸树脂。
上述黑色光伏背板的制备方法包括如下步骤：
将黑色涂层和保护层的材料分别配制成浆料备用，再将黑色涂层浆料涂覆于光伏背板基板上，在80℃下干燥，形成黑色涂层，最后将保护层浆料涂覆于黑色涂层上，在80℃下干燥，形成保护层，得到所述黑色光伏背板。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种黑色光伏背板，所述黑色光伏背板包括依次层叠设置的光伏背板基板、黑色涂层和保护层；
所述保护层的厚度为1μm，材料为碳化硅；
所述黑色涂层的厚度为4.5μm，材料为质量比为1：1的偶氮颜料和聚碳酸酯。
上述黑色光伏背板的制备方法包括如下步骤：
将黑色涂层和保护层的材料分别配制成浆料备用，再将黑色涂层浆料涂覆于光伏背板基板上，在50℃下干燥，形成黑色涂层，最后将保护层浆料涂覆于黑色涂层上，在150℃下干燥，形成保护层，得到所述黑色光伏背板。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种黑色光伏背板，所述黑色光伏背板包括依次层叠设置的光伏背板基板、黑色涂层和保护层；
所述保护层的厚度为3μm，材料为聚酰亚胺；
所述黑色涂层的厚度为3μm，材料为质量比为1：1的偶氮颜料和聚丙烯。
上述黑色光伏背板的制备方法包括如下步骤：
将黑色涂层和保护层的材料分别配制成浆料备用，再将黑色涂层浆料涂覆于光伏背板基板上，在50℃下干燥，形成黑色涂层，最后将保护层浆料涂覆于黑色涂层上，在50℃下干燥，形成保护层，得到所述黑色光伏背板。
实施例4-5
实施例4-5与实施例1的区别在于保护层的厚度分别为1μm(实施例4)和3μm(实施例5)，其余均与实施例1相同。
实施例6
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于保护层的材料不包括聚四氟乙烯，其余均与实施例1相同。
实施例7
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于保护层的材料不包括聚二乙烯基苯，其余均与实施例1相同。
实施例8
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于保护层的材料不包括二氧化硅，其余均与实施例1相同。
对比例1-2
对比例1-2与实施例1的区别在于保护层的厚度分别为0.5μm(对比例1)和3.5μm(对比例2)，其余均与实施例1相同。
性能测试
将实施例1-8和对比例1-2所述黑色光伏背板进行如下测试：
(1)色度值b：按照HGT 3862-2006塑料黄色指数试验方法进行；
(2)180℃烘烤后黄变指数△b：按照HGT 3862-2006塑料黄色指数试验方法进行，统计在180℃烘烤后黄变指数变化值△b；
测试结果汇总于表1中。
表1
Figure PCTCN2022130497-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022130497-appb-000002
备注：色度值b约接近0，颜色越黑；黄变指数△b越接近0，颜色一致性越好。
分析表1数据可知，本申请所述黑色光伏背板的色度值在-0.32-0.36之间，显黑色性能较好，180℃烘烤后黄变指数△b在-0.14-1.07之间，180℃烘烤后黄变指数较低，变色肉眼基本不可见，颜色一致性好，所述黑色光伏背板在光伏组件使用的情况下，不易变色，颜色稳定性好。
分析实施例4-5与对比例1-2可知，对比例1-2性能不如实施例1，证明保护层的厚度在1-3μm范围内所得黑色光伏背板性能更佳。
分析实施例6-8与实施例1可知，实施例6-8性能不如实施例1，证明所述保护层的材料选择聚四氟乙烯、聚二乙烯基苯和二氧化硅的组合更利于黑色光伏背板性能的提升。
除表1涉及的测试外，本申请对实施例1-5进行涂层有效性时间模拟测试，具体方式为通过高温烘烤，1000小时双85等测试，可以模拟户外25年的使用 情况，结果证明本申请所述黑色光伏背板的功能有效性时间较长，可达25年。
申请人声明，本申请通过上述实施例来说明本申请的详细方法，但本申请并不局限于上述详细方法，即不意味着本申请必须依赖上述详细方法才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了，对本申请的任何改进，对本申请产品各原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等，均落在本申请的保护范围和公开范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种黑色光伏背板，其中，所述黑色光伏背板包括依次层叠设置的光伏背板基板、黑色涂层和保护层；
    所述保护层的厚度为1-3μm。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的黑色光伏背板，其中，所述黑色涂层的厚度为3-4.5μm。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的黑色光伏背板，其中，所述黑色涂层的材料包括偶氮颜料。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的黑色光伏背板，其中，所述黑色涂层的材料还包括丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯或聚烯烃中的至少任意一种或两种的组合。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的黑色光伏背板，其中，所述保护层的材料包括聚合物树脂和/或无机填料。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的黑色光伏背板，其中，所述聚合物树脂包括聚丙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚二乙烯基苯或聚酰亚胺中的至少任意一种或两种的组合；
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的黑色光伏背板，其中，所述无机填料包括石墨烯、二氧化硅、氧化铝或碳化硅中的至少任意一种或两种的组合。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的黑色光伏背板，其中，所述保护层的材料包括聚四氟乙烯、聚二乙烯基苯和二氧化硅的组合；
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的黑色光伏背板，其中，所述聚四氟乙烯、聚二乙烯基苯和二氧化硅的质量比为(4-8):(0.3-0.5):1。
  10. 一种权利要求1-9任一项所述的黑色光伏背板的制备方法，其中，所述制备方法包括：在光伏背板基板表面依次涂覆黑色涂层和保护层，得到所述黑色光伏背板。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的制备方法，其中，完成所述黑色涂层的涂覆后，还包括干燥的操作；
    可选地，完成所述保护层的涂覆后，还包括干燥的操作；
    可选地，所述干燥的温度为70-150℃。
  12. 一种光伏电池，其中，所述光伏电池包括权利要求1-9任一项所述的黑色光伏背板。
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