CN110922826A - 一种高透明耐候涂料及太阳能电池背板 - Google Patents
一种高透明耐候涂料及太阳能电池背板 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种高透明耐候涂料及太阳能电池背板。一种高透明耐候涂料，所述涂料由A、B两组分构成，其中，A组分的组成及质量百分含量为：氟碳树脂25‑45％，丙烯酸树脂5‑15％，颜料1.5‑8％，填料1.2‑5％，溶剂42‑50％，助剂0.8‑1％；所述氟碳树脂为四氟乙烯—乙烯基醚、四氟乙烯—乙烯基酯、三氟氯乙烯—乙烯基醚或三氟氯乙烯—乙烯基酯共聚物中的一种或其混合物。本发明涂布液的分散性良好，形成的涂层表观良好，涂层透明度在90％以上，且耐紫外性能优异，紫外辐射200kwh/m2的黄变小于3。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于太阳能电池的涂料。
背景技术
太阳能电池的结构为玻璃-EVA-电池片-背板，透明太阳能电池背板主要用于N型晶体硅太阳能电池，透明太阳能背板位于太阳能电池背面的最外层，是太阳能电池重要的组成部分，不仅起到封装的作用，同时还起到保护太阳能电池不受环境中水汽、氧气及紫外光线的影响。因此太阳能电池背板必须具有良好的耐紫外、耐湿热、耐腐蚀、耐冷热以及耐高温的能力。
现有的透明太阳能电池背板有三种类型：复合型、涂布型、复合与涂布综合型。这三种类型各有特色，其中，复合型透明背板，成本高，工艺复杂，例如中国专利CN206388715U、中国专利CN205666242U、中国专利CN10798482A以及欧洲专利EP12178378.1，都是其中有代表性的发明。而现有的透明背板采用涂层的专利技术、例如中国专利CN106784097A采用纳米粒子提高耐紫外性能，但纳米粒子易团聚，很难分散均匀，涂布液的贮存稳定性差，形成的涂层会出现表观弊病，导致涂层有弊病的地方出现耐紫外性能差、耐磨性差，难以应用于透明背板的外层。福斯特的中国专利CN107759983A，透明部分的背板透光率在95％以上，但耐候层的涂料中采用紫外吸收剂来提高涂层的耐紫外性能，却不能满足现在 200kwh/m2紫外辐射小于3的要求；且粘结层采用10％左右的无机填料提高涂料的抗粘连性，但无机填料的加入导致涂料的贮存稳定性差，易造成硬沉淀。除此之外，图案层采用非氟树脂作为耐候树脂，不能满足现在200kwh/m2紫外辐射黄变小于3的要求。现有的白色涂层颜料在涂料组分中的质量百分含量大于15％，形成的涂层遮盖力高，耐紫外性能好，但却又导致透明性差，无法应用于透明背板。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种高透明耐候太阳能背板用涂料，该涂料制备的涂布液贮存性能稳定，成本低，形成的涂层表观良好，耐紫外性能优异，紫外辐射200kwh/m2的黄变小于3，且背板的透明度在90％以上，实现了耐紫外性能与透明度双双兼顾的目的。
本发明的上述目的是通过如下技术方案实现的：
一种高透明耐候涂料，所述涂料由A、B两组分构成，其中，A组分的组成及质量百分含量为：
氟碳树脂25-45％
丙烯酸树脂5-15％
颜料1.5-8％
填料1.2-5％
溶剂42-50％
助剂0.8-1％；
所述氟碳树脂为四氟乙烯—乙烯基醚、四氟乙烯—乙烯基酯、三氟氯乙烯—乙烯基醚或三氟氯乙烯—乙烯基酯共聚物中的一种或其混合物。
上述高透明耐候涂料，所述B组分为脂肪族异氰酸酯或脂肪族聚异氰酸酯中的一种或几种的混合物。
上述高透明耐候涂料，所述丙烯酸树脂为环氧丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂、羟基丙烯酸树脂中的一种或几种，优选羟基丙烯酸树脂。
上述高透明耐候涂料，所述颜料为钛白粉、硫酸钡、钛酸钡、碳酸钙、硫化锌、氧化铝、氧化锆、炭黑中的一种或其混合物，所述颜料为亚微米级，粒径为0.1-0.3um。
上述高透明耐候涂料，所述填料为聚四氟乙烯微粉、气相二氧化硅、滑石粉中的一种或几种，优选有机物填料聚四氟乙烯微粉。聚四氟乙烯微粉的粒径优选小于10μm。
上述高透明耐候涂料，所述溶剂为丁酯、乙酯、甲苯、二甲苯、丁酮、环己酮、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯中的一种或几种；所述溶剂的质量百分含量为40-53％。
上述高透明耐候涂料，所述助剂为流平剂、润湿分散剂、抗水解剂和抗氧剂。
有益效果
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下有益效果：
1、本发明采用了亚微米级的金红石型钛白粉为抗紫外的无机颜料，涂布液的分散性良好，形成的涂层表观良好，且耐紫外性能优异，紫外辐射200kwh/m2的黄变小于3。
2、本发明采用高耐候的有机微粉为填料，形成的涂布液贮存稳定性良好，并且有机微粉提高了涂层的耐磨性能，可以使涂层应用于耐候层，同时添加少量的有机填料并未降低涂层的透明度，形成的涂层透明度仍在90％以上，此外有机填料的添加，增加了涂层的耐紫外性能。本发明中无机填料金红石型钛白粉具有吸收紫外线的功能，无机填料的耐紫外性能优于有机的抗紫外吸收剂，并且优选亚微米级的粒径分散性优于纳米级，所以分散、贮存稳定性良好，此外不会降低涂层的透光率。
本发明中四氟乙烯微粉为填料，该有机微粉可提高涂层的耐紫外性能，且该微粉透光性好、耐磨性好、硬度高，比传统的消光粉的添加效果好。此外有机微粉在氟碳涂料中的分散稳定性优于无机颗粒，不会形成硬沉淀，贮存稳定性好。
具体实施方式
在本发明中，所述氟碳树脂为四氟乙烯—乙烯基醚、四氟乙烯—乙烯基酯、三氟氯乙烯—乙烯基醚或三氟氯乙烯—乙烯基酯共聚物中的一种或其混合物。例如GK570、长兴41011、长兴41018树脂。
所述氟碳树脂的质量百分含量在25-45％之间，若低于25％，则形成的涂层耐候性差，高于45％，形成的涂层与EVA的粘结力差。
本发明中的B组分为固化剂，所述B组分为脂肪族异氰酸酯或脂肪族聚异氰酸酯中的一种或其混合物，所述固化剂可选自拜耳N3790、E3370或N3390。
本发明中的丙烯酸树脂为环氧丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂、羟基丙烯酸树脂中的一种或几种，优选羟基丙烯酸树脂。例如江苏三木962树脂或海纳HN-2602树脂，等等。所述丙烯酸树脂的质量百分含量为5-15％，若低于5％，涂层与基材PET的粘结力差，若高于15％，涂层的耐紫外性能差。
本发明中的颜料为钛白粉、硫酸钡、钛酸钡、碳酸钙、硫化锌、氧化铝、氧化锆、炭黑中的一种或其混合物，所述颜料为亚微米级，粒径为0.1-0.3um。优选耐候性好的金红石型钛白粉。例如优索13463-47-7 0.2um；尼原NT-GR100 0.1um；NT-GR150 0.15um，或者杜邦R-706。所述钛白粉的质量百分含量为1.5-8％，若钛白粉的含量低于1.5％，涂层的耐紫外性能差，若高于8％涂层的透明性差。
本发明中的填料为聚四氟乙烯微粉、气相二氧化硅、滑石粉中的一种或几种，优选有机物填料聚四氟乙烯微粉。聚四氟乙烯微粉的粒径优选小于10μm。例如天宇祥聚四氟乙烯微粉-A系列，日本大金涂覆级微粉粒径小于2um。所述填料的质量百分含量为1.2-5％，低于 1.2％，涂层的耐磨性能差，但高于5％，涂层的透明度差。
本发明中的助剂为流平剂、润湿分散剂、抗水解剂和抗氧剂。流平剂Tego Glide450， BYK310，润湿分散剂BYK-2000、BYK-2009、BYK-2025，抗水解剂为碳化二亚胺类及其衍生物中的一种或几种，例如单体碳化二亚胺StabaxolⅠ(德国莱茵)水解稳定剂、聚碳化二亚胺StabaxolP200水解稳定剂(德国莱茵)，抗氧剂IRGANOX1076、IRGANOX1010、IRGANO1135X等。所述助剂的百分含量为0.8-1％。
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详述。
实施例1
制备高透明耐候涂料，氟碳树脂GK570 25g，丙烯酸树脂江苏三木962 15g，颜料NT-GR100 0.1um的钛白粉8g，填料聚四氟乙烯微粉1.2g，溶剂丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯和丁酯49.8g，助剂润湿分散剂BYK2155 0.4g、流平剂Tego Glide 450 0.2g、抗氧剂IRGANOX10760.2g、抗水解剂StabaxolP200 0.2g。
称取B组分N3790质量5.4g，制得太阳能背板用涂料。
将上述涂料涂布于透明PET基材上，150℃烘干，然后将未涂布透明PET面也可以按上述配方涂布，150℃烘干，55℃熟化3天，即制得高透明耐候太阳能背板。
实施例2
制备高透明耐候涂料，氟碳树脂GK570 30g，丙烯酸树脂江苏三木962 12g，颜料NT-GR100 0.1um的钛白粉6g，填料聚四氟乙烯微粉2g，溶剂丁酯49g，助剂润湿分散剂BYK2155 0.3g、流平剂Tego Glide 450 0.2g、抗氧剂IRGANO1135X 0.2g、抗水解剂StabaxolP200 0.3g。
称取B组分N3370质量12.5g，制得太阳能背板用涂料。
将上述涂料涂布于PET基材上，150℃烘干，然后将未涂布PET面也可以按上述配方涂布，150℃烘干，即制得高透明耐候太阳能背板。
实施例3
制备高透明耐候涂料，氟碳树脂长兴41011 35g，丙烯酸树脂海纳HN-2602 10g，颜料 NT-GR150 0.15um的钛白粉4.5g，填料聚四氟乙烯微粉3g，溶剂丁酯46.5g，助剂润湿分散剂BYK2155 0.4g、流平剂Tego Glide 450 0.2g、抗氧剂IRGANOX1076 0.2g、抗水解剂StabaxolP200 0.2g。
称取B组分N3790质量8.96g，制得太阳能背板用涂料。
将上述涂料涂布于PET基材上，150℃烘干，然后将未涂布PET面也可以按上述配方涂布，150℃烘干，55℃熟化3天，即制得高透明耐候太阳能背板。
实施例4
制备高透明耐候涂料，氟碳树脂长兴41018 40g，丙烯酸树脂海纳HN-2602 8g，颜料优索13463-47-7 0.2um的钛白粉2g，填料聚四氟乙烯微粉4g，溶剂丁酯43g，助剂润湿分散剂BYK2155 0.2g、流平剂Tego Glide 450 0.2g、抗氧剂IRGANOX1076 0.4g、抗水解剂StabaxolⅠ 0.2g。
称取B组分N3790质量3.3g制得太阳能背板用涂料。
将上述偏氟乙烯聚合物涂料涂布于PET基材上，150℃烘干，然后将未涂布PET面也可以按上述配方涂布，150℃烘干，55℃熟化3天，即制得高透明耐候太阳能背板。
实施例5
制备高透明耐候涂料，氟碳树脂长兴41018 45g，丙烯酸树脂海纳HN-2602 5g，颜料杜邦R-706的钛白粉1.2g，填料聚四氟乙烯微粉5g，溶剂丁酯42.8g，助剂润湿分散剂BYK2155 0.2g、流平剂Tego Glide 450 0.2g、抗氧剂IRGANOX1076 0.4g、抗水解剂StabaxolP200 0.2g。
称取B组分N3390质量2.88g制得太阳能背板用涂料。
将上述涂料涂布于PET基材上，150℃烘干，然后将未涂布PET面也可以按上述配方涂布，150℃烘干，55℃熟化3天，即制得高透明耐候太阳能背板。
对比例1
制备涂料，长兴氟碳树脂41011 45g，纳米钛白粉TTP-R30 20nm10g，溶剂丁酯44g，助剂润湿分散剂BYK2155 0.2g、流平剂Tego Glide 450 0.2g、抗氧剂IRGANOX1076 0.4g、抗水解剂StabaxolP200 0.2g。
称取B组分N3390质量6.4g，制得太阳能背板用涂料。
将上述涂料涂布于PET基材上，150℃烘干，然后将未涂布PET面也可以按上述配方涂布，150℃烘干，55℃熟化3天，即制得高透明耐候太阳能背板。
对比例2
制备涂料，长兴氟碳树脂41011 45g，紫外吸收剂UV-531 0.5g，填料滑石粉欧森纳化工有限公司4g，溶剂丁酯48.3g，助剂流平剂Tego Glide 450 0.2g、抗氧剂IRGANOX10760.4g、抗水解剂StabaxolP200 0.2g。
称取B组分N3390质量6.4g，制得太阳能背板用涂料。
将上述涂料涂布于PET基材上，150℃烘干，然后将未涂布PET面也可以按上述配方涂布，150℃烘干，55℃熟化3天，即制得高透明耐候太阳能背板。
性能测试方法：
涂料的贮存稳定性按GB/T 6753.3-1986进行检测。
本实施例1-5制得的涂料以及对比例制得的涂料，按GB/T31034-2014(晶体硅太阳电池组件用绝缘背板)、CQC3308-2013(光伏组件封装用背板技术规范)标准制样并检测性能，透明度按照GB 2410-80《透明塑料透光率和雾度试验方法》检测，透过率≥90％为合格，耐紫外性能的紫外辐照强度为200kwh/m2，黄变值≤3为合格；涂料的贮存稳定性按GB6753.3-86《涂料贮存稳定性试验方法》检测，检测结果如表1所示：
表1本发明实施例及对比例检测结果
Claims (7)
1.一种高透明耐候涂料，其特征在于，所述涂料由A、B两组分构成，其中，A组分的组成及质量百分含量为：
氟碳树脂 25-45％
丙烯酸树脂 5-15％
颜料 1.5-8％
填料 1.2-5％
溶剂 42-50％
助剂 0.8-1％；
所述氟碳树脂为四氟乙烯—乙烯基醚、四氟乙烯—乙烯基酯、三氟氯乙烯—乙烯基醚或三氟氯乙烯—乙烯基酯共聚物中的一种或其混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高透明耐候涂料，其特征在于，所述涂料的B组分为脂肪族异氰酸酯或脂肪族聚异氰酸酯中的一种或几种，所述氟碳树脂、丙烯酸树脂中的羟基之和与固化剂中异氰酸根的摩尔比为0.8-1.6。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高透明耐候涂料，其特征在于，所述丙烯酸树脂为聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂、丙烯酸化聚丙烯酸酯、环氧丙烯酸酯中的一种或其混合。
4.根据权利要求3所述的高透明耐候涂料，其特征在于，所述颜料为钛白粉、硫酸钡、钛酸钡、碳酸钙、硫化锌、氧化铝、氧化锆、炭黑中的一种或其混合物，所述颜料为亚微米级，粒径为0.1-0.3um。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高透明耐候涂料，其特征在于，所述填料为聚四氟乙烯微粉、气相二氧化硅、滑石粉中的一种或其混合物，微粉的粒径小于10μm。
6.根据权利要求5所述的高透明耐候涂料，其特征在于，所述溶剂为丁酯、乙酯、甲苯、二甲苯、丁酮、环己酮、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯中的一种或其混合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的高透明耐候涂料，其特征在于，所述助剂为流平剂、润湿分散剂、抗水解剂和抗氧剂。
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