WO2023078360A1 - 电池包、车辆和用电装置 - Google Patents

电池包、车辆和用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023078360A1
WO2023078360A1 PCT/CN2022/129609 CN2022129609W WO2023078360A1 WO 2023078360 A1 WO2023078360 A1 WO 2023078360A1 CN 2022129609 W CN2022129609 W CN 2022129609W WO 2023078360 A1 WO2023078360 A1 WO 2023078360A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
battery pack
assembly
electrode terminal
battery cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/129609
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姜利文
方伍梅
吴凯
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023078360A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023078360A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/258—Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H01M50/264—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/507—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising an arrangement of two or more busbars within a container structure, e.g. busbar modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/514—Methods for interconnecting adjacent batteries or cells
    • H01M50/517—Methods for interconnecting adjacent batteries or cells by fixing means, e.g. screws, rivets or bolts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, in particular to a battery pack, a vehicle and an electrical device.
  • Power batteries are an important part of electric vehicles.
  • a battery pack assembled from a plurality of battery cells or battery modules is put into an electric vehicle.
  • the level of the battery module can be ignored, that is, the battery pack is directly formed from the battery cells.
  • the battery cells are connected to the battery pack box by welding or bonding. When a single battery cell fails, it cannot be directly removed from the battery pack, and the cost of the overall replacement is relatively high.
  • the present application provides a battery pack, a vehicle and an electrical device, which can improve the convenience of disassembling a single battery cell in the battery pack.
  • the present application provides a battery pack, including: a box body, an end cover, a battery cell, an elastic support member, a fixing component and a current flow component.
  • the box body has an opening and a cavity, and the end cap is used to cover the opening.
  • a plurality of battery cells are accommodated in the cavity, the battery cells include electrode terminals, and the electrode terminals protrude from the battery cells.
  • the electrode terminals face toward the side wall of the box.
  • the elastic supporting member is arranged at the end of the battery cell away from the electrode terminal and between the battery cell and the side wall of the case, and the elastic supporting member presses the battery cell by elastic force.
  • the fixing component is arranged at one end of the battery cell close to the electrode terminal, and the fixing component is provided with a connecting hole.
  • the confluence component is arranged on the fixed component.
  • the bus assembly includes a bus part for electrically connecting at least two adjacent battery cells.
  • the confluence part includes a connecting part and at least two conducting parts, each conducting part is respectively connected to an electrode terminal of a battery cell; the connecting part connects the at least two conducting parts; when the battery cell is connected to the fixing assembly, The electrode terminal protrudes into the connection hole and contacts the conductive part.
  • the detachable assembly of the battery cells in the battery pack is realized by placing the battery cells sideways and using the elastic force in the horizontal direction generated by the elastic support.
  • the electrode terminal can be contacted with the bus assembly by plugging and fitting, thereby realizing the electrical connection between adjacent battery cells, and the plugging of the connection hole and the electrode terminal
  • the matching structure can also limit the battery cells in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and keep the battery cells stably in the battery pack.
  • the above-mentioned connection mode of plug-in fit enables the battery cell to be easily separated from the bus assembly, thereby realizing the detachable connection of the battery cell and the bus assembly.
  • the inner wall of the box body is provided with a first recess and a second recess opposite to each other.
  • the fixing component is embedded in the first recess.
  • the elastic supporting member is embedded in the second recess.
  • the fixation assembly includes a first fixation plate and a second fixation plate.
  • the first fixing plate includes a mounting groove for accommodating the bus assembly.
  • the second fixing plate covers the first fixing plate, so that the bus assembly is fixed in the installation groove.
  • a connecting hole is provided on the second fixing plate, and the connecting hole is opposite to the conducting part.
  • the layered design of the fixed component enables the bus assembly to be assembled into the installation groove; at the same time, the second fixed plate is covered on the first fixed plate, so that the bus component can be packaged inside the fixed component, so as to be compatible with the battery pack box and The battery case is separated to realize insulation protection.
  • the connection holes are provided to facilitate the assembly and fixing of the electrode terminals.
  • the installation groove includes a first groove, and the first groove is disposed opposite to the connecting hole. It is convenient for the electrode terminal to pass through the connection hole and be connected with the bus assembly.
  • the conduction portion includes a protrusion embedded in the first groove.
  • the conduction part forms a second groove on the reverse side of the convex part, and the electrode terminal is inserted into the second groove.
  • the protrusion enables the conducting part to fit within the fixing assembly through the first groove.
  • the design of the second groove facilitates the insertion of the electrode terminal and can limit the movement of the electrode terminal.
  • the number of the first groove and the protrusion is equal, and one protrusion is disposed in one first groove.
  • the convex part corresponds to the first groove one by one, which facilitates the assembly of the confluence part on the first fixing plate, and can limit the movement of the conducting part.
  • the existence of the gap provides a certain deformation space for the conductive part, and prevents the convex part from directly pressing against the first fixing plate due to excessive force, thereby causing deformation.
  • the flow assembly further includes a sampling piece.
  • the sampling piece is arranged in the fixed component and is electrically connected with the confluence part.
  • the sampling part can collect current signals and/or temperature signals on the confluence part, so as to monitor the working conditions of each battery cell in real time.
  • the sampling piece is arranged in the first fixing plate, so it can be separated from the battery pack case and the battery case.
  • multiple confluences are arranged at intervals on both sides of the sampling piece.
  • Such a design has a high degree of integration, and only one sampling device is required to collect the current signals of the two electrode terminals of the same battery cell.
  • the sampling piece and the confluence part are integrally formed by injection molding.
  • the one-piece structure is easy to process and has higher production efficiency.
  • the electrode terminal and the conductive part are contact-fitted, or connected by conductive glue.
  • the electrical connection between the electrode terminal and the conductive part can be made stronger, and the current conduction rate is higher.
  • contact fitting or conductive adhesive connection is more flexible, which facilitates the disassembly of battery cells.
  • the present application provides a vehicle, the vehicle includes the battery pack in the above embodiment, and the battery pack is used to provide energy.
  • the battery pack is used to provide energy.
  • the above-mentioned battery pack when a single battery cell in the battery pack fails, the above-mentioned battery cell can be easily disassembled from the battery pack, and the maintenance cost is low.
  • the present application provides an electric device, the electric device includes the battery pack in the above embodiment, and the battery pack is used to provide energy.
  • the detachment of a single battery cell is realized by providing an elastic support member, a fixing component and a confluence component.
  • the elastic support member and the fixing assembly are inserted into the battery pack case, so that the design facilitates the disassembly of the battery cells.
  • the elastic support is pressed by the battery cell and generates a reverse force (ie elastic force) on the battery cell on the contact surface between the two, and this elastic force is transmitted to the electrode of the battery cell in the horizontal direction One side of the terminal, so that the electrode terminal protrudes into the installation groove of the fixing component, and is in close contact with the conductive part of the bus assembly fixed in the installation groove, so as to realize the electrical connection between adjacent battery cells.
  • the connection between the electrode terminal and the conductive part is realized through plug-in fit, it is more convenient to disassemble the battery cell and the bus assembly than the existing welding connection.
  • the placement of the battery cells in the battery pack of the present application can reduce the height of the battery pack, facilitate the installation of the above-mentioned battery pack on the vehicle, and improve the performance of the vehicle. space utilization.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack disclosed in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 1 at place A;
  • Fig. 3 is an assembly schematic diagram of a battery pack disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is another assembly schematic diagram of the battery pack disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a top view of Figure 4.
  • Fig. 6 is the sectional view that Fig. 5 is made along B-B line;
  • Figure 7 is an exploded view of Figure 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a partial enlarged view at C of Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a confluence assembly of a battery pack disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of another confluence assembly of a battery pack disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • 1-battery pack 11-box; 111-first recess; 112-second recess; 12-end cover; 13-battery unit; 131-electrode terminal; 14-elastic support; - first fixing plate; 1511 - installation groove; 1511a - first groove; 152 - second fixing plate; 1521 - connecting hole; 16 - confluence assembly; 161 - confluence part; 1611b-the second groove; 1612-connecting part; 162-sampling piece;
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to two or more groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • Electric vehicles usually use power batteries as a power source.
  • the battery pack is the final state of the power battery system loaded into the electric vehicle.
  • Most of the current battery packs are made by assembling various control and protection systems such as battery management system (BMS) and thermal management components on one or more battery modules.
  • BMS battery management system
  • thermal management components on one or more battery modules.
  • the level of the battery module can be omitted, that is, the battery pack is formed directly from the battery cells. This improvement has improved the gravimetric energy density and volumetric energy density of the battery system while significantly reducing the number of components.
  • fixing glue is mostly coated on the side of the battery cell to realize the connection with the battery pack.
  • two adjacent battery cells are connected by fixing glue.
  • adjacent battery cells are connected in series and/or in parallel through the flow-combining component.
  • the bus member is welded to the electrode terminals of two adjacent battery cells. Therefore, it is also very inconvenient to disassemble the failed battery cells from the bus assembly.
  • the inventors have found that the interaction force between the battery cell and the box can be used to realize the connection between the battery cell and the box, and the connection between the electrode terminal and the bus component. close connection between them. In this way, multiple battery cells in the battery pack can be fixed and electrically connected without gluing and/or welding, and when a single battery cell fails, it can be easily disassembled from the battery pack.
  • the inventor has designed a battery pack after in-depth research, in which the battery cells are placed sideways, that is, the electrode terminals face the side wall of the battery pack box;
  • the above-mentioned support plate generates elastic force against the battery cell, so that the electrode terminal on the other side of the battery cell presses the bus assembly (that is, the bus component) connected to it, so as to realize the connection between adjacent battery cells. electrical connection.
  • the bus assembly is assembled inside the fixing plate. On the one hand, it realizes the isolation of the bus assembly from the external environment; on the other hand, the bus assembly and the fixing plate can limit the battery cells through the electrode terminals to prevent the Rock in the battery pack.
  • the battery cells are connected to the bus assembly through plug-fitting, so the separation of the battery cells and the bus assembly is also relatively convenient.
  • the side-mounted battery cell can use the elastic force in the horizontal direction of the support plate to realize the detachable connection between the battery cell and the battery pack.
  • the side-mounted battery cells can also reduce the overall height of the battery pack, so that the battery pack can be better assembled on the chassis of the electric vehicle.
  • the battery pack disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used, but not limited to, in electrical devices such as vehicles, ships, or aircrafts.
  • the vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the way of packaging: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which are not limited in the embodiment of the present application, and are preferably square battery cells.
  • a plurality of battery cells can be connected in series and/or in parallel via electrode terminals to be applied in various applications, such as high-power electric vehicles.
  • a battery cell refers to the smallest unit that makes up a battery module or battery pack.
  • a battery cell includes a casing, a cover plate, a cell assembly, a liquid bladder, and other functional components.
  • a battery module is formed by electrically connecting a certain number of battery cells together and putting them into a frame in order to protect the battery cells from external shock, heat, vibration, etc.
  • the battery pack is the final state of the battery system that goes into an electric vehicle.
  • a battery pack generally includes a case for enclosing one or more battery cells.
  • the box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the box body is generally composed of a cover body and a box shell.
  • BMS battery management system
  • thermal management components on one or more battery modules.
  • BMS battery management system
  • the level of the battery module can be omitted, that is, the battery pack is formed directly from the battery cells. This improvement has improved the gravimetric energy density and volumetric energy density of the battery system while significantly reducing the number of components.
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. Figure 8 is a detailed view of the assembly in the battery pack.
  • the present application provides a battery pack 1 including a box body 11 , an end cover 12 , a battery cell 13 , an elastic support member 14 , a fixing component 15 and a bus assembly 16 .
  • the box body 11 has an opening and a cavity, and the end cap 12 is used to cover the opening.
  • a plurality of battery cells 13 are accommodated in the cavity, and the battery cells 13 include electrode terminals 131 protruding from the battery cells 13 .
  • the electrode terminal 131 faces toward the side wall of the case 11 .
  • the elastic supporting member 14 is disposed at the end of the battery cell 13 away from the electrode terminal 131 and between the battery cell 13 and the sidewall of the case 11 , and the elastic supporting member 14 presses the battery cell 13 by elastic force.
  • the fixing component 15 is disposed at one end of the battery cell 13 close to the electrode terminal 131 , and the fixing component 15 is provided with a connection hole 1521 .
  • the bus component 16 is disposed on the fixing component 15 .
  • the bus assembly 16 includes a bus part 161 for electrically connecting at least two adjacent battery cells 13 .
  • the bus part 161 includes a connecting part 1612 and at least two conducting parts 1611 , and each conducting part 1611 is respectively connected to one electrode terminal 131 of one battery cell 13 .
  • the connecting part 1612 connects at least two conducting parts 1611 .
  • the battery pack 1 is the final state of a battery system incorporated into an electric device.
  • the battery pack 1 includes a box body 11 , an end cover 12 , a battery cell 13 and other functional components.
  • the box body 11 can prevent liquid or other foreign matters from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells 13 , and the shape of the box body 11 can be a cuboid, a cube, or the like.
  • the box body 11 can be cast with steel plates, aluminum alloys and other materials, and can also be made of lightweight materials, such as glass fiber reinforced composite materials, carbon fiber reinforced composite materials, and the like.
  • the box body 11 may be composed of a bottom plate and a side plate, and the bottom plate and the side plates, and adjacent side plates may be integrally formed, or connected by welding or the like.
  • the plurality of side plates and the bottom plate form an accommodating space, which is a cavity. Multiple battery cells 13 are placed side by side in the cavity.
  • an end cover 12 is used to cover the opening above the cavity, thereby isolating the internal environment of the battery pack 1 from the external environment. Covering means that the end cap 12 covers the opening of the box body 11 .
  • the shape of the end cap 12 can be adapted to the shape of the box body 11 to match the box body 11 .
  • the connection between the end cover 12 and the box body 11 can be detachable, such as a snap connection or a bolt connection.
  • the battery cell 13 is the smallest unit constituting the battery pack 1 , including a casing, a cover plate, a cell assembly and other functional components.
  • the battery cell 13 may be a lithium-ion battery, a sodium-ion battery, a lithium-sulfur battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but is not limited thereto.
  • There may be multiple battery cells 13 in the battery pack 1 and the multiple battery cells 13 may be connected in series, parallel or mixed.
  • the battery cell 13 can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes.
  • the battery cell 13 may include two electrode terminals 131 , and the two electrode terminals 131 may be disposed on the cover plate and protrude from the main body of the battery cell 13 .
  • Two electrode terminals 131 are fixed on the flat surface of the cover plate, and the two electrode terminals 131 are positive electrode terminals and negative electrode terminals respectively.
  • Each electrode terminal 131 is respectively provided with a connecting member, or also called a current collecting member, which is located between the cover plate and the tab of the cell assembly, and is used to realize the electrical connection between the cell assembly and the electrode terminal 131 .
  • the battery cells 13 are placed sideways or flat, that is, the electrode terminals 131 are facing the side wall of the box body 11 .
  • the side wall refers to the contact surface between the side plate of the box body 11 and the battery cell 13
  • the “direction towards the side wall of the box body 11 ” specifically refers to the X direction or the Y direction in FIG. 1 .
  • the battery pack 1 has four side panels, and which side panel the electrode terminals 131 face is not limited in this application.
  • the electrode terminals 131 face one side plate perpendicular to the Y direction.
  • the bus assembly 16 can realize the electrical connection between the battery cells 13 by connecting the electrode terminals 131 of the battery cells 13 , such as parallel connection, series connection or mixed connection. In the prior art, the bus assembly 16 is mostly fixed on the electrode terminal 131 of the battery cell 13 by welding. The electric energy of the plurality of battery cells 13 can be further drawn out through the box body 11 through a conductive mechanism (not shown in the figure).
  • the bus section 161 is a component for realizing electrical connection in the bus assembly 16 , and the bus section 161 can be made of a material with good electrical conductivity such as aluminum.
  • the shape of the confluence portion 161 may be a cuboid or a cube; the specific size of the confluence portion 161 is set according to the size of the electrode terminal 131 it is placed on.
  • the conduction portion 1611 is a portion on the bus portion 161 that is in contact with the electrode terminal 131 .
  • the current released by the cell assembly is transmitted to the conduction part 1611 through the electrode terminal 131; then it is transmitted to another conduction part 1611 on the above-mentioned confluence part 161 through the confluence part 161, and finally flows in through the above-mentioned conduction part 1611 Inside the next battery cell 13 .
  • multiple battery cells 13 are connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the external current is transmitted to the plurality of battery cells 13 sequentially through the conduction portion 1611 .
  • the fixing assembly 15 is a component used for fixing and connecting a plurality of battery cells 13 in the battery pack 1 .
  • the shape of the fixing component 15 can be rectangular.
  • the fixing component 15 is provided with a connection hole 1521, and the confluence component 16 is arranged in the above connection hole 1521.
  • the specific fixing method can be bonding, clamping, etc., which is not limited in this application.
  • the outer surface of the fixing assembly 15 is provided with a through hole (such as the connecting hole 1521).
  • the elastic support 14 is a component capable of generating elastic force on the battery cells 13 .
  • the shape of the elastic supporting member 14 may be a rectangle.
  • the elastic supporting member 14 can be made of elastic materials, such as springs and rubber.
  • the elastic supporting member 14 may also be a plate provided with an elastic material layer on the contact surface with the electrode terminal 131, and the elastic material layer generates elastic force.
  • the elastic supporting member 14 can also generate elastic force on the battery cell 13 in other ways, which is not limited in this application.
  • the elastic support member 14 is pressed by the battery cell 13 to generate an elastic force on the battery cell 13 on the contact surface between the two, and this elastic force is transmitted to the battery cell 13 along the horizontal direction.
  • One side of the electrode terminal 131 so that the electrode terminal 131 extends into the connection hole 1521 of the fixing assembly 15, and is in close contact with the conductive part 1611 of the bus assembly 16 arranged in the connection hole 1521, so that the adjacent battery cells 13 electrical connection between.
  • the detachable assembly of the battery cells 13 in the battery pack 1 is achieved by placing the battery cells 13 sideways and using the elastic force in the horizontal direction generated by the elastic support member 14 .
  • the electrode terminal 131 can be plugged into contact with the bus assembly 16, thereby realizing the electrical connection between the adjacent battery cells 13, and the connection hole and
  • the plug-fitting structure of the electrode terminals can also limit the battery cells in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, so as to keep the battery cells stably in the battery pack.
  • the above-mentioned plug-and-socket connection method enables the battery cell 13 to be easily separated from the bus assembly 16 , so as to realize the detachable connection of the battery cell 13 and the bus assembly 16 .
  • a first concave portion 111 and a second concave portion 112 are oppositely disposed on the inner wall of the box body 11 .
  • the fixing component 15 is inserted into the first recess 111 .
  • the elastic supporting member 14 is inserted into the second concave portion 112 .
  • the inner wall of the box body 11 refers to the inner surface of the side plate of the box body 11 .
  • the inner wall is recessed toward the outer surface of the side plate to form a first recess 111 and a second recess 112 .
  • the first recess 111 and the second recess 112 are respectively located on the inner walls of the two opposite boxes 11 .
  • the first recess 111 is used for accommodating the fixing assembly 15
  • the second recess 112 is used for accommodating the elastic supporting member 14 .
  • the fixing component 15 is inserted into the first recess 111
  • the elastic support 14 is inserted into the second recess 112 .
  • the disassembly and assembly of the fixing assembly 15 and the elastic support member 14 are more convenient.
  • the fixing assembly 15 includes a first fixing plate 151 and a second fixing plate 152 .
  • the first fixing plate 151 includes a mounting groove 1511 for receiving the bus assembly 16 .
  • the second fixing plate 152 covers the first fixing plate 151 so that the bus assembly 16 is fixed in the installation groove 1511 .
  • the second fixing plate 152 is provided with a connecting hole 1521 , and the connecting hole 1521 is opposite to the conducting portion 1611 .
  • the fixing assembly 15 adopts a layered structure, including a first fixing plate 151 and a second fixing plate 152, the second fixing plate 152 covers the first fixing plate 151, and the cavity between the two can be used for assembling the confluence assembly 16 .
  • the fixing component 15 and the bus component 16 form a structure similar to a “sandwich”, so that the fixing component 15 can insulate, isolate and protect the bus component 16 .
  • the specific connection method between the battery cell 13 and the fixing assembly 15 is that the electrode terminal 131 is first inserted into the fixing assembly 15 through the connecting hole 1521 on the second fixing plate 152, wherein the shape, size and number of the connecting hole 1521 are the same as those of the electrode terminal 152. The shape, size and number of the terminals 131 are matched. Subsequently, the electrode terminals 131 protrude into the first fixing plate 151 and contact the bus assembly 16 assembled inside the fixing assembly 15 , and the specific contact portion is the conductive portion 1611 .
  • the layered design of the fixing component 15 enables the confluence component 16 to be assembled into the installation groove 1511; at the same time, the second fixing plate 152 covers the first fixing plate 151, enabling the confluence component 16 is packaged inside the fixing assembly 15, so as to be separated from the battery pack case and the battery casing to realize insulation protection.
  • providing the connection hole 1521 facilitates the assembly and fixing of the electrode terminal 131 .
  • the installation groove 1511 includes a first groove 1511a, and the first groove 1511a is disposed opposite to the connecting hole 1521 .
  • the one-to-one correspondence design between the installation groove 1511 and the first groove 1511 a facilitates the connection of the electrode terminal 131 to the bus assembly 16 through the connection hole 1521 .
  • the conduction part 1611 includes a convex part 1611a, and the convex part 1611a is embedded in the first groove 1511a.
  • the conductive part 1611 forms a second groove 1611b on the opposite surface of the convex part 1611a, and the electrode terminal 131 is plugged into the second groove 1611b.
  • the convex part 1611a refers to the part of the surface of the object that protrudes upwards. Specifically, the two parallel surfaces of the conductive part 1611 protrude in the same direction to form the convex part 1611a, and a second corresponding to it is formed on the opposite surface of the convex part 1611a. groove 1611b.
  • the shape and size of the protrusion 1611 a and the second groove 1611 b are set according to the shape and size of the electrode terminal 131 , which is not limited in the present application.
  • the electrode terminal 131 when the electrode terminal 131 is in contact with the conductive portion 1611 , the electrode terminal 131 first protrudes into the second groove 1611b and abuts against one side of the protruding portion 1611a. Subsequently, the protruding portion 1611a is embedded into the first groove 1511a under the force of the electrode terminal 131 , so as to realize the assembly and fixing of the electrode terminal 131 in the fixing assembly 15 .
  • the convex part 1611a enables the conducting part 1611 to fit in the fixing assembly 15 through the first groove 1511a.
  • the design of the second groove 1611b facilitates the insertion of the electrode terminal 131 and can limit the movement of the electrode terminal 131 .
  • the number of the first groove 1511a is equal to that of the protrusion 1611a, and one protrusion 1611a is disposed in one first groove 1511a.
  • the protrusion 1611a corresponds to the first groove 1511a one by one, which facilitates the assembly of the confluence part 161 on the first fixing plate 151 and can limit the movement of the conduction part 1611 .
  • a gap is provided between the protrusion 1611 a and the bottom surface of the first groove 1511 a.
  • the bottom surface of the first groove 1511 a refers to the horizontal surface of the first groove 1511 a close to the bus assembly 16 .
  • a certain space ie, a gap
  • the above elastic force is transmitted to the side of the electrode terminal 131, so that the electrode terminal 131 presses against the convex portion 1611a, and the existence of the gap can provide deformation for the convex portion 1611a.
  • the convex portion 1611 a may be deformed, thereby affecting the current transfer on the bus portion 161 .
  • the existence of the gap provides a certain deformation space for the conductive part 1611, preventing the convex part 1611a from being directly pressed against the first fixing plate 151 due to excessive force, and then deformed.
  • the flow assembly 16 further includes a sampling piece 162 .
  • the sampling piece 162 is disposed in the fixing assembly 15 and electrically connected to the confluence part 161 .
  • the sampling part 162 is a component for collecting electrical signals or temperature signals of the battery cells 13 .
  • the sampling part 162 can be a sampling wire harness, which can be composed of multiple sampling lines, and each conducting part 1611 is connected to at least one sampling line to realize signal collection of the conducting part 1611 .
  • the sampling piece 162 is set in the installation groove 1511 of the fixing component 15, on the one hand, it is convenient to connect with the confluence part 161;
  • the sampling part 162 can collect the current signal and/or temperature signal on the confluence part 161 , so as to monitor the working conditions of each battery cell 13 in real time.
  • the sampling piece 162 is disposed in the first fixing plate 151 , so it can be separated from the battery pack case and the battery case.
  • a plurality of confluence parts 161 are arranged at intervals on both sides of the sampling piece 162 . Since one confluence part 161 includes at least two conductive parts 1611, and one conductive part 1611 is connected to one electrode terminal 131 on one battery cell 13, it can be seen that one confluence part 161 can realize electrical connection to at least two battery cells 13 .
  • one confluence part 161 is provided with two conductive parts 1611 , so that one confluence part 161 can be electrically connected to two battery cells 13 .
  • one confluence part 161 is provided with four conducting parts 1611 , so that one confluence part 161 can be electrically connected to four battery cells.
  • “Arranged at intervals” means that the confluence parts 161 are isolated from each other and arranged independently.
  • the confluence portion 161 is disposed on a side of the sampling piece 162 , and both sides of the sampling piece 162 are provided with the confluence portion 161 .
  • the integration degree of the bus assembly 16 is high, and only one sampling part 162 is required to realize the collection of electrical signals of a plurality of battery cells 13 .
  • the sampling part 162 and the confluence part 161 are integrally formed by injection molding.
  • the sampling part 162 and the confluence part 161 are fused together through an injection molding process, so that the relatively low voltage on the sampling part 162 is isolated from the relatively high voltage on the confluence part 161 .
  • the injection molding process has a high degree of automation and high production efficiency.
  • the integrally formed structure is convenient for processing and has higher production efficiency.
  • the electrode terminal 131 and the conductive portion 1611 are contact-fitted or connected with conductive glue.
  • the electrode terminal 131 is connected with the conductive part 1611 by contact fitting.
  • conductive glue can be filled in the gap between the electrode terminal 131 and the conductive part 1611 .
  • Conductive adhesive is an adhesive with certain conductivity after curing or drying, which can connect various conductive materials together to form an electrical path between the connected materials.
  • the above connection method makes the electrical connection between the electrode terminal 131 and the conductive part 1611 stronger, and the current conduction rate is higher.
  • contact fitting or conductive glue connection is more flexible, which facilitates the disassembly of the battery cell 13 .
  • the present application provides a battery pack 1 , the box body 11 includes ten battery cells 13 placed side by side, and the electrode terminals 131 face the box body 11 along the Y direction. one of the side walls.
  • the fixing component 15 is connected to the electrode terminal 131 , and an elastic supporting member 14 is provided at an end away from the electrode terminal 131 .
  • the elastic support member 14 After the battery cell 13 is assembled into the battery pack 1, the elastic support member 14 generates an elastic force along the Y direction on the battery cell 13, and the elastic force is transmitted to the side of the electrode terminal 131 along the Y direction, so that the electrode terminal 131 moves along the Y direction. sports.
  • the electrode terminals 131 extend into the connection hole 1521 on the second fixing plate 152 and the second groove 1611b on the conductive part 1611 in sequence, and contact the convex part 1611a, so as to realize the electrical connection between adjacent battery cells 13 .
  • the convex portion 1611a of the conducting portion 1611 protrudes into the first groove 1511a of the installation groove 1511 after being stressed.
  • the bus assembly 16 is further provided with a sampling part 162 for collecting the current signal or the temperature signal of the battery cell 13 .
  • a vehicle 100 is provided.
  • the vehicle 100 includes the battery pack 1 in the above embodiment, and the battery pack 1 is used to provide electric energy.
  • the vehicle 100 may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • the battery pack 1 is installed on the chassis or rear of the vehicle 100 .
  • an electric device including the battery pack 1 in the above embodiment, and the battery pack 1 is used to provide electric energy.

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  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池包、车辆和用电装置。电池包包括：箱体、端盖、电池单体、弹性支撑件、固定组件和汇流组件。电池单体包括电极端子，电极端子凸出于电池单体，电极端子朝向箱体的侧壁方向。弹性支撑件设置于电池单体远离电极端子的一端。固定组件设置于电池单体靠近电极端子的一端，固定组件设有连接孔。汇流组件设置于固定组件上。汇流组件包括汇流部，汇流部包括至少两个传导部和连接部，每个传导部分别连接一个电池单体的一个电极端子，连接部连接至少两个传导部。当电池单体与固定组件连接时，电极端子伸入安装槽内并与传导部接触。

Description

电池包、车辆和用电装置
本申请要求于2021年11月8日提交中国专利局，申请号为202122725026.0，发明名称为“电池包和车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别涉及一种电池包、车辆和用电装置。
 背景技术
节能减排是汽车可持续发展的关键，电动车辆由于其绿色环保的优点受到广泛的关注。动力电池是电动车辆中重要的组成部分。通常，将多个电池单体或者电池模组组装成的电池包后放入电动车辆中。随着技术的发展，电池模组这个层次可以被忽略，即直接由电池单体形成电池包。然而，电池单体通过焊接或粘接与电池包箱体连接，当单个电池单体失效时，无法从电池包中直接拆除，而整体拆换的成本较高。
因此，如何实现电池包中单个电池单体便捷拆卸维护成为了亟待解决的问题。
 技术问题
本申请提供一种电池包、车辆和用电装置，能够提高电池包中单个电池单体拆卸的便捷性。
 技术解决方案
根据本申请的第一方面，本申请提供了一种电池包，包括：箱体、端盖、电池单体、弹性支撑件、固定组件和汇流组件。箱体具有开口和腔体，端盖用于盖合开口。多个电池单体容置于腔体内，电池单体包括电极端子，电极端子凸出于电池单体。当电池单体被设置在腔体内时，电极端子朝向箱体的侧壁方向。弹性支撑件设置于电池单体远离电极端子的一端并位于电池单体和箱体的侧壁之间，弹性支撑件通过弹性力抵压电池单体。固定组件设置于电池单体靠近电极端子的一端，固定组件设有连接孔。汇流组件设置于固定组件上。汇流组件包括汇流部，用于电连接至少两个相邻的电池单体。汇流部包括连接部和至少两个传导部，每个传导部分别连接一个电池单体的一个电极端子；所述连接部连接所述至少两个传导部；当电池单体与固定组件连接时，电极端子伸入所述连接孔并与传导部接触。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，一方面，通过将电池单体侧放并利用弹性支撑件产生的水平方向上的弹性力实现了电池包中电池单体的可拆卸装配。另一方面，通过设置具有连接孔的固定组件，使得电极端子能够通过插接配合与汇流组件的接触，从而实现了相邻电池单体之间的电连接，并且连接孔和电极端子的插接配合结构还能够对电池单体进行水平方向和竖直方向的限位，将电池单体稳定地保持在电池包内。上述插接配合的连接方式，使得电池单体能够便捷地与汇流组件分离，实现电池单体与汇流组件的可拆卸连接。
在一些实施例中，箱体的内壁相对设置有第一凹部和第二凹部。固定组件嵌入第一凹部。弹性支撑件嵌入第二凹部。通过设置第一凹部和第二凹部，使得固定组件和弹性支撑件的拆装更加便捷。
在一些实施例中，固定组件包括第一固定板和第二固定板。第一固定板包括容纳汇流组件的安装槽。第二固定板盖合于第一固定板上，使得汇流组件被固定于安装槽内。第二固定板上设有连接孔，连接孔与传导部位置相对。固定组件的分层式设计，使汇流组件能够装配到安装槽内；同时第二固定板盖合在第一固定板上，能够使汇流组件封装在固定组件的内部，从而与电池包箱体和电池壳体隔开，实现绝缘防护。此外，设置连接孔便于电极端子的装配和固定。
在一些实施例中，安装槽包括第一凹槽，第一凹槽与连接孔相对设置。便于电极端子穿过连接孔与汇流组件连接。
在一些实施例中，传导部包括凸部，凸部嵌入第一凹槽内。传导部在凸部的反面形成第二凹槽，电极端子与第二凹槽插接配合。凸部使得传导部能够通过第一凹槽装配在固定组件内。第二凹槽的设计便于电极端子的伸入，并且能够限制电极端子的移动。
在一些实施例中，第一凹槽与凸部的数量相等，一个凸部设置在一个第一凹槽内。凸部与第一凹槽一一对应，便于汇流部在第一固定板上的装配，并且能够限制传导部的移动。
在一些实施例中，凸部与第一凹槽的底面之间设有间隙。间隙的存在为传导部提供了一定的变形空间，防止凸部因受力过大而直接与第一固定板抵压，进而发生变形。
在一些实施例中，汇流组件还包括采样件。采样件设于固定组件内，并与汇流部电连接。采样件能够采集汇流部上的电流信号和/或温度信号，便于实时监控各个电池单体的工作状况。同时采样件设置于第一固定板内，因此能够与电池包箱体、电池壳体隔开。
在一些实施例中，多个汇流部间隔设置在采样件的两侧。这样的设计集成度高，只需设置一个采样件即可实现对同一个电池单体的两个电极端子电流信号的采集。
在一些实施例中，采样件与汇流部通过注塑工艺一体成型。一体成型的结构便于加工，生产效率更高。
在一些实施例中，在水平方向上，电极端子与传导部之间为接触配合，或者通过导电胶连接。如此可以使得电极端子与传导部的电连接更加牢固，电流传导速率更高。同时相较于焊接，接触配合或者导电胶连接更加灵活，便于电池单体的拆卸。
根据本申请的第二方面，本申请提供了一种车辆，该车辆包括上述实施例中的电池包，电池包用于提供能量。使用上述电池包的车辆，当电池包中单个电池单体发生失效时，上述电池单体可便捷地从电池包中拆卸出来，维修成本较低。
根据本申请的第三方面，本申请提供了一种用电装置，该用电装置包括上述实施例中的电池包，电池包用于提供能量。
在本申请所提供的电池包中，通过设置弹性支撑件、固定组件以及汇流组件实现了单个电池单体的可拆卸。具体地，弹性支撑件和固定组件插入到电池包箱体中，这样设计便于电池单体的拆卸。进一步地，弹性支撑件受到电池单体的抵压而在两者接触面上对电池单体产生反向的作用力（即弹性力），这一弹性力沿水平方向传递至电池单体的电极端子一侧，从而使得电极端子伸入到固定组件的安装槽内，并与固定在安装槽内的汇流组件的传导部紧密接触，实现相邻电池单体之间的电连接。由于电极端子与传导部之间的连接是通过插接配合实现的，因此相较于现有的焊接连接，电池单体与汇流组件的拆分更加方便。此外，在一些应用场景下，本申请电池包中电池单体放置方式（即电极端子朝向箱体的侧壁），能够降低电池包的高度，便于将上述电池包安装到车辆上，提高了车辆的空间利用率。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例公开的电池包的结构示意图；
图2是图1在A处的局部放大图；
图3是本申请一实施例公开的电池包的装配示意图；
图4是本申请一实施例公开的电池包的另一装配示意图；
图5是图4的俯视图；
图6是图5沿B-B线作出的剖面图；
图7是图6的爆炸图；
图8是图7在C处的局部放大图；
图9是本申请一实施例公开的电池包的一种汇流组件的结构示意图；
图10是本申请一实施例公开的电池包的另一种汇流组件的结构示意图；
图11是本申请一实施例公开的车辆的结构示意图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
标记说明：
100-车辆；
1-电池包；11-箱体；111-第一凹部；112-第二凹部；12-端盖；13-电池单体；131-电极端子；14-弹性支撑件；15-固定组件；151-第一固定板；1511-安装槽；1511a-第一凹槽；152-第二固定板；1521-连接孔；16-汇流组件；161-汇流部；1611-传导部；1611a-凸部；1611b-第二凹槽；1612-连接部；162-采样件；
X-电池包长度方向；Y- 电池包宽度方向；Z-电池包高度方向。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上（包括两个），同理，“多组”指的是两组以上（包括两组），“多片”指的是两片以上（包括两片）。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，电动汽车的应用越加广泛。电动汽车通常使用动力电池作为动力源。电池包是装入电动汽车的动力电池系统的最终状态。目前的大部分电池包是在一个或多个电池模组上装配电池管理系统（BMS）、热管理部件等各种控制和保护系统而制成的。随着技术的发展，电池模组这个层次可以被省略，即直接由电池单体形成电池包。这一改进使得电池系统的重量能量密度、体积能量密度得到提升的同时零部件数量显著下降。
本申请发明人注意到，现有技术大多在电池单体侧面涂覆固定胶来实现与电池包的连接。类似地，相邻两个电池单体之间通过固定胶连接。这样一来，当电池包中某一个电池单体发生失效时，只能先将成组的多个电池单体整体从电池包中拆卸下来，随后对失效的电池单体进行拆卸和替换，整个过程步骤繁琐、成本较高。此外，相邻的电池单体之间通过汇流部件实现串联和/或并联。通常情况下，汇流部件焊接在两个相邻电池单体的电极端子上。因此，将失效的电池单体从汇流部件上拆卸下来也十分不方便。
为了解决电池包中单个电池单体的难以拆卸的问题，发明人研究发现，可以利用电池单体与箱体之间的相互作用力实现电池单体与箱体之间、电极端子与汇流部件之间的紧密连接。这样一来，不需要通过胶粘和/或焊接便可实现电池包中多个电池单体的固定和电连接，当单个电芯失效时也能方便地从电池包中拆卸下来。
基于以上考虑，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种电池包，其中的电池单体为侧向放置，即电极端子朝向电池包箱体的侧壁；并且在远离电极端子的一侧设置具有弹性的支撑板，上述支撑板产生弹性力抵压电池单体，使得电池单体另一侧的电极端子压紧与之连接的汇流组件（即汇流部件），从而实现相邻电池单体之间的电连接。此外，汇流组件装配于固定板的内部，一方面，实现了汇流组件与外部环境的隔开；另一方面，汇流组件和固定板能够通过电极端子对电池单体进行限位，防止电池单体在电池包中晃动。
在这样的电池包中，由于电池单体是通过支撑板、固定板是插入到箱体内的，故而在拆卸失效电池单体时，只需要先取出支撑板和/或固定板，即可将上述电池单体拆卸出来。并且电池单体是通过插接配合与汇流组件连接的，因此电池单体与汇流组件的分离也较为便捷。相比于传统正立式电池单体，即电极端子朝上，侧放式的电池单体能够利用支撑板水平方向上的弹性力实现电池单体与电池包之间的可拆卸连接。此外，在一些应用场景下，侧放式电池单体还能够降低电池包的整体高度，使得电池包更好地装配在电动汽车的底盘上。
本申请实施例公开的电池包可以但不限于用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。其中，车辆可以是纯电动、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子电池、锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定，优选为方形电池单体。多个电池单体可经由电极端子而被串联和/或并联在一起以应用于各种应用场合，例如大功率的电动汽车。
电池的应用包括三个层次：电池单体、电池模组和电池包。电池单体是指组成电池模组或电池包的最小单元。电池单体包括壳体、盖板、电芯组件、液囊以及其他的功能性部件。电池模组是为了从外部冲击、热、振动等中保护电池单体，将一定数目的电池单体电连接在一起并放入一个框架中而形成的。电池包则是装入电动汽车的电池系统的最终状态。电池包一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。箱体一般由盖体和箱壳组成。目前的大部分电池包是在一个或多个电池模组上装配电池管理系统（BMS）、热管理部件等各种控制和保护系统而制成的。随着技术的发展，电池模组这个层次可以被省略，也即，直接由电池单体形成电池包。这一改进使得电池系统的重量能量密度、体积能量密度得到提升的同时零部件数量显著下降。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图1和图2，并请参照图3至图8，图3和图4为不同角度的电池包的装配示意图，图5为电池包的俯视图，图6至图8为电池包中的装配细节图。本申请提供了一种电池包1包括箱体11、端盖12、电池单体13、弹性支撑件14、固定组件15和汇流组件16。箱体11具有开口和腔体，端盖12用于盖合开口。多个电池单体13容置于腔体内，电池单体13包括电极端子131，电极端子131凸出于电池单体13。当电池单体13被设置在腔体内时，电极端子131朝向箱体11的侧壁方向。弹性支撑件14设置于电池单体13远离电极端子131的一端并位于电池单体13和箱体11的侧壁之间，弹性支撑件14通过弹性力抵压电池单体13。固定组件15设置于电池单体13靠近电极端子131的一端，固定组件15设有连接孔1521。汇流组件16设置于固定组件15上。汇流组件16包括汇流部161，用于电连接至少两个相邻的电池单体13。汇流部161包括连接部1612和至少两个传导部1611，每个传导部1611分别连接一个电池单体13的一个电极端子131。连接部1612连接至少两个传导部1611。当电池单体13与固定组件15连接时，电极端子131伸入连接孔1521内并与传导部1611接触。
电池包1是装入电动设备的电池系统的最终状态。电池包1包括箱体11、端盖12、电池单体13以及其他功能部件。箱体11可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体13的充电或放电，箱体11的形状可以是长方体、正方体等。箱体11可用钢板、铝合金等材料铸造，也可用轻量化材料，例如，玻纤增强复合材料、碳纤增强符合材料等。箱体11可由底板和侧板组成，底板与侧板、相邻侧板之间可以一体成型，也可以通过焊接等方式连接。多个侧板与底板形成一个容纳空间，即为腔体。多个电池单体13并排放置于腔体内。为了保证电池包1的密封性，使用端盖12将腔体上方的开口盖合，从而将电池包1内部环境隔绝于外部环境。盖合即端盖12覆盖箱体11的开口。端盖12的形状可以与箱体11的形状相适应以配合箱体11。端盖12与箱体11之间的连接可选为可拆卸式，例如卡扣连接、螺栓连接。
电池单体13是组成电池包1的最小单元，包括壳体、盖板、电芯组件以及其他的功能性部件。电池单体13可以为锂离子电池、钠离子电池、锂硫电池或者镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池包1中电池单体13可以是多个，多个电池单体13之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体13中既有串联又有并联。电池单体13可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其他形状等。
电池单体13可包括两个电极端子131，两个电极端子131可以设置在盖板上，并凸出于电池单体13的主体部分。两个电极端子131固定在盖板的平板面上，两个电极端子131分别为正电极端子和负电极端子。每个电极端子131各对应设置一个连接构件，或者也可以称为集流构件，其位于盖板与电芯组件的极耳之间，用于实现电芯组件和电极端子131的电连接。
进一步地，电池单体13呈侧向或平躺式放置，即电极端子131是朝向箱体11的侧壁方向的。其中，侧壁是指箱体11的侧板与电池单体13的接触面，“朝向箱体11的侧壁方向”具体是指图1中的X方向或Y方向。通常电池包1具有四个侧板，电极端子131朝向哪一个侧板，本申请对此不作限定。可选地，请继续参照图4，电极端子131朝向垂直于Y方向的一侧板。
汇流组件16可通过连接电池单体13的电极端子131实现电池单体13之间的电连接，例如并联或串联或混联。在现有技术中，汇流组件16大多通过焊接固定于电池单体13的电极端子131上。多个电池单体13的电能可以进一步通过导电机构（图中未示出）穿过箱体11而引出。汇流部161是汇流组件16中实现电连接的部件，汇流部161可由铝等导电性好的材料制成。汇流部161的形状可以为长方体或正方体；汇流部161的具体尺寸根据其所的电极端子131的尺寸设定。
进一步地，传导部1611是汇流部161上与电极端子131接触的部位。电池单体13在放电时，电芯组件释放的电流经由电极端子131传递至传导部1611；随后通过汇流部161传递至上述汇流部161上的另一个传导部1611，最后经上述传导部1611流入下一个电池单体13内。如此一来，多个电池单体13之间实现了串联或并联或混联。类似地，电池单体13在充电时，外部的电流通过传导部1611依次传递至多个电池单体13中。
固定组件15是电池包1中用于固定连接多个电池单体13的部件。固定组件15的形状可为长方形，固定组件15设有连接孔1521，汇流组件16设置于上述连接孔1521内，具体的固定方式可为粘接、卡接等，本申请对此不作限定。此外，固定组件15的外表面设有通孔（如连接孔1521），当固定组件15与成组的多个电池单体13装配时，电极端子131通过上述通孔伸入到连接孔1521的内部，并与传导部1611接触。
弹性支撑件14是能够对电池单体13产生弹性力的部件。弹性支撑件14的形状可为长方形。弹性支撑件14可由具有弹性的材料制成，例如弹簧、橡胶。弹性支撑件14也可以是在与电极端子131接触面上设有弹性物质层的板，由弹性物质层产生弹力。弹性支撑件14也可以通过其他方式对电池单体13产生弹性力，本申请对此不作限定。
进一步地，在装配时，弹性支撑件14受到电池单体13的挤压而在两者接触面上对电池单体13产生弹性力，这一弹性力沿水平方向传递至电池单体13设有电极端子131的一侧，从而使得电极端子131伸入到固定组件15的连接孔1521内，并与设置在连接孔1521内的汇流组件16的传导部1611紧密接触，实现相邻电池单体13之间的电连接。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，一方面，通过将电池单体13侧放并利用弹性支撑件14产生的水平方向上的弹性力实现了电池包1中电池单体13的可拆卸装配。另一方面，通过设置具有连接孔1521的固定组件15，使得电极端子131能够通过插接配合与汇流组件16的接触，从而实现了相邻电池单体13之间的电连接，并且连接孔和电极端子的插接配合结构还能够对电池单体进行水平方向和竖直方向的限位，将电池单体稳定地保持在电池包内。上述插接配合的连接方式，使得电池单体13能够便捷地与汇流组件16分离，实现电池单体13与汇流组件16的可拆卸连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图2，箱体11的内壁相对设置有第一凹部111和第二凹部112。固定组件15嵌入第一凹部111。弹性支撑件14嵌入第二凹部112。
“箱体11的内壁”是指箱体11侧板的内表面。内壁向侧板的外表面凹陷形成第一凹部111和第二凹部112。第一凹部111和第二凹部112分别位于相对的两个箱体11内壁上。第一凹部111用于容纳固定组件15，第二凹部112用于容纳弹性支撑件14。在装配时，固定组件15插入第一凹部111，弹性支撑件14插入第二凹部112。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，通过设置第一凹部111和第二凹部112，使得固定组件15和弹性支撑件14的拆装更加便捷。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图6至图8，固定组件15包括第一固定板151和第二固定板152。第一固定板151包括容纳汇流组件16的安装槽1511。第二固定板152盖合于第一固定板151上，使得汇流组件16被固定在安装槽1511内。第二固定板152上设有连接孔1521，连接孔1521与传导部1611位置相对。
固定组件15采用分层式结构，包括第一固定板151和第二固定板152，第二固定板152盖合于第一固定板151，并且两者之间的空腔可用于装配汇流组件16。这样一来，固定组件15与汇流组件16形成类似于“三明治”的结构，使得固定组件15对汇流组件16起到绝缘、隔离和保护作用。
进一步地，电池单体13与固定组件15的具体连接方式为，电极端子131首先经过第二固定板152上的连接孔1521插入固定组件15中，其中连接孔1521的形状、尺寸和数量与电极端子131的形状、尺寸和数量相匹配。随后，电极端子131伸入到第一固定板151内，并与装配在固定组件15内部的汇流组件16接触，具体的接触部位为传导部1611。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，固定组件15的分层式设计，使汇流组件16能够装配到安装槽1511内；同时第二固定板152盖合在第一固定板151上，能够使汇流组件16封装在固定组件15的内部，从而与电池包箱体和电池壳体隔开，实现绝缘防护。此外，设置连接孔1521便于电极端子131的装配和固定。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图8，安装槽1511包括第一凹槽1511a，第一凹槽1511a与连接孔1521相对设置。安装槽1511与第一凹槽1511a一一对应的设计，便于电极端子131穿过连接孔1521与汇流组件16连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图8，传导部1611包括凸部1611a，凸部1611a嵌入第一凹槽1511a内。传导部1611在凸部1611a的反面形成第二凹槽1611b，电极端子131与第二凹槽1611b插接配合。
凸部1611a是指物体表面向上凸的部分，具体地，传导部1611中两个相互平行的表面向同一个方向凸起形成凸部1611a，并且在凸部1611a的反面形成与之对应的第二凹槽1611b。凸部1611a和第二凹槽1611b的形状和尺寸根据电极端子131的形状和尺寸设置，本申请对此不作限定。
进一步地，当电极端子131与传导部1611接触时，电极端子131首先伸入到第二凹槽1611b内，并与凸部1611a的一侧抵接。随后，凸部1611a受到电极端子131的作用力，嵌入到第一凹槽1511a内，从而实现电极端子131在固定组件15内的装配和固定。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，凸部1611a使得传导部1611能够通过第一凹槽1511a装配在固定组件15内。第二凹槽1611b的设计便于电极端子131的伸入，并且能够限制电极端子131的运动。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图8，第一凹槽1511a与凸部1611a的数量相等，一个凸部1611a设置在一个第一凹槽1511a内。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，凸部1611a与第一凹槽1511a一一对应，便于汇流部161在第一固定板151上的装配，并且能够限制传导部1611的移动。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图6，凸部1611a与第一凹槽1511a的底面之间设有间隙。
“第一凹槽1511a的底面”是指第一凹槽1511a靠近汇流组件16的水平面。在汇流组件16装配于固定组件15内时，凸部1611a与第一凹槽1511a之间预留一定的空间，即间隙。这样一来，当电池单体13受到的弹性力过大时，上述弹性力传递至电极端子131一侧，使得电极端子131抵压凸部1611a，由于间隙的存在，可为凸部1611a提供变形的空间，避免凸部1611a直接抵压在第一凹槽1511a的底面上，进而有效防止凸部1611a的变形。若不设置间隙，则凸部1611a可能发生变形，进而影响汇流部161上的电流传递。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，间隙的存在为传导部1611提供了一定的变形空间，防止凸部1611a因受力过大而直接与第一固定板151抵压，进而发生变形。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图8至图10，汇流组件16还包括采样件162。采样件162设于固定组件15内，并与汇流部161电连接。
采样件162是采集电池单体13电信号或者温度信号的部件。在一些实施例中，采样件162可以为采样的线束，上述线束可由多条采样线组成，每个传导部1611与至少一个采样线连接，实现对该传导部1611的信号采集。采样件162设置于固定组件15的安装槽1511内，一方面便于与汇流部161连接；另一方面由于采样件162内有电流经过，设置在内部可与外部环境隔开。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，采样件162能够采集汇流部161上的电流信号和/或温度信号，便于实时监控各个电池单体13的工作状况。同时采样件162设置于第一固定板151内，因此能够与电池包箱体、电池壳体隔开。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图9和图10，多个汇流部161间隔设置在采样件162的两侧。由于一个汇流部161包括至少两个传导部1611，而且一个传导部1611连接一个电池单体13上的一个电极端子131，可见，一个汇流部161可以实现对至少两个电池单体13的电连接。请参见图9，示例性地，一个汇流部161设有两个传导部1611，可以使一个汇流部161实现对两个电池单体13的电连接。继续参见图10，示例性地，一个汇流部161设有四个传导部1611，可以使一个汇流部161实现对四个电池单体的电连接。
“间隔设置”是指汇流部161相互隔离并独立设置。汇流部161设置在采样件162的侧边，并且采样件162的两边都设有汇流部161。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，汇流组件16的集成度高，只需设置一个采样件162即可实现对多个电池单体13的电信号的采集。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图9至图10，采样件162与汇流部161通过注塑工艺一体成型。
采样件162与汇流部161通过注塑工艺融为一体，使得采样件162上相对较低的电压与汇流部161上相对较高的电压相互隔离。此外，注塑一体成型工艺自动化程度高，生产效率较高。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，一体成型的结构便于加工，生产效率更高。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图6至图8，在水平方向上，电极端子131与传导部1611之间为接触配合，或者导电胶连接。
电极端子131通过接触配合与传导部1611连接。在一些实施例中，为了使电极端子131与传导部1611之间的电连接更加紧密，可将导电胶填充于电极端子131与传导部1611之间的间隙中。导电胶是一种固化或干燥后具有一定导电性的胶粘剂，可以将多种导电材料连接在一起，使被连接材料间形成电的通路。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，上述连接方式使得电极端子131与传导部1611的电连接更加牢固，电流传导速率更高。同时相较于焊接，接触配合或者导电胶连接更加灵活，便于电池单体13的拆卸。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图1至图8，本申请提供了一种电池包1，箱体11内包括并排放置的十个电池单体13，电极端子131沿Y方向朝向箱体11的一个侧壁。固定组件15与电极端子131连接，在远离电极端子131的一端设有弹性支撑件14。电池单体13装配到电池包1之后，弹性支撑件14对电池单体13产生沿Y方向的弹性力，并且上述弹性力沿Y方向传递至电极端子131一侧，使得电极端子131沿Y方向运动。此时，电极端子131依次伸入第二固定板152上的连接孔1521、传导部1611上的第二凹槽1611b，并与凸部1611a接触，从而实现相邻电池单体13之间电连接。随后，传导部1611的凸部1611a受力后伸入安装槽1511的第一凹槽1511a内。此外，汇流组件16还设有采样件162用以采集电池单体13的电流信号或温度信号。
根据本申请的另一方面，提供一种车辆100，参照图11，车辆100包括上述实施例中的电池包1，电池包1用于提供电能。
车辆100可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。电池包1设置于车辆100的底盘或者车尾处。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，使用上述电池包1的车辆100，当电池包1中单个电池单体13发生失效时，上述电池单体13可便捷地从电池包1中拆卸出来，维修成本较低。
根据本申请的再一方面，提供一种用电装置，包括上述实施例中的电池包1，电池包1用于提供电能。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种电池包，包括：
    箱体，具有开口和腔体；
    端盖，用于盖合所述开口；
    多个电池单体，容置于所述腔体内；所述电池单体包括电极端子，所述电极端子凸出于所述电池单体；当所述电池单体被设置在所述腔体内时，所述电极端子朝向所述箱体的侧壁方向；
    弹性支撑件，设置于所述电池单体远离所述电极端子的一端并位于所述电池单体和所述箱体的侧壁之间；所述弹性支撑件通过弹性力抵压所述电池单体；
    固定组件，设置于所述电池单体靠近所述电极端子的一端；所述固定组件设有连接孔；
    汇流组件，设置于所述固定组件上；所述汇流组件包括汇流部，用于电连接至少两个相邻的所述电池单体；所述汇流部包括连接部和至少两个传导部，每个所述传导部分别连接一个所述电池单体的一个所述电极端子；所述连接部连接所述至少两个所述传导部；当所述电池单体与所述固定组件连接时，所述电极端子伸入所述连接孔并与所述传导部接触。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，其中，所述箱体的内壁相对设置有第一凹部和第二凹部；所述固定组件嵌入所述第一凹部；所述弹性支撑件嵌入所述第二凹部。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池包，其中，所述固定组件包括：
    第一固定板，包括容纳所述汇流组件的安装槽；
    第二固定板，盖合于所述第一固定板上，使得所述汇流组件被固定于所述安装槽内；所述第二固定板上设有所述连接孔，所述连接孔与所述传导部位置相对。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池包，其中，所述安装槽包括第一凹槽；所述第一凹槽与所述连接孔相对设置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池包，其中，所述传导部包括凸部；所述凸部嵌入所述第一凹槽内；所述传导部在所述凸部的反面形成第二凹槽，所述电极端子与所述第二凹槽插接配合。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池包，其中，所述第一凹槽与所述凸部的数量相等，一个所述凸部设置在一个所述第一凹槽内。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池包，其中，所述凸部与所述第一凹槽的底面之间设有间隙。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述汇流组件还包括采样件；所述采样件设于所述固定组件内，并与所述汇流部电连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池包，其中，多个所述汇流部间隔设置于所述采样件的两侧。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池包，其中，所述采样件与所述汇流部通过注塑工艺一体成型。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的电池包，其中，在水平方向上，所述电极端子与所述传导部之间为接触配合，或者通过导电胶连接。
  12. 一种车辆，其中，所述车辆包括如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的电池包。
  13. 一种用电装置，其中，所述用电装置包括如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的电池包。
PCT/CN2022/129609 2021-11-08 2022-11-03 电池包、车辆和用电装置 WO2023078360A1 (zh)

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