WO2023078160A1 - 电池舱、底盘和车辆 - Google Patents

电池舱、底盘和车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023078160A1
WO2023078160A1 PCT/CN2022/128025 CN2022128025W WO2023078160A1 WO 2023078160 A1 WO2023078160 A1 WO 2023078160A1 CN 2022128025 W CN2022128025 W CN 2022128025W WO 2023078160 A1 WO2023078160 A1 WO 2023078160A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
groove
frame
battery compartment
protrusion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/128025
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姜利文
方伍梅
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202290000278.7U priority Critical patent/CN220923820U/zh
Priority to EP22889185.9A priority patent/EP4324683A1/en
Publication of WO2023078160A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023078160A1/zh
Priority to US18/618,848 priority patent/US20240243408A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B62D21/11—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted with resilient means for suspension, e.g. of wheels or engine; sub-frames for mounting engine or suspensions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0438—Arrangement under the floor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2304/00—Optimising design; Manufacturing; Testing
    • B60Y2304/07—Facilitating assembling or mounting
    • B60Y2304/074—Facilitating assembling or mounting by improved accessibility
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/11—Electric energy storages
    • B60Y2400/112—Batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2410/00—Constructional features of vehicle sub-units
    • B60Y2410/10—Housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of vehicles, in particular to a battery compartment, a chassis and a vehicle.
  • the battery cells in the battery compartment are usually glued into the battery compartment, which makes it very difficult to repair and replace the battery cells if there is a problem in the later stage. Therefore, how to improve the replacement and maintenance performance of the battery cells in the battery compartment is a technical problem to be solved urgently in electric vehicles.
  • aspects of the present application provide a battery compartment, a chassis, and a vehicle capable of improving replacement and repair performance of a battery compartment of an electric vehicle.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a battery compartment, which includes: a battery compartment frame for accommodating battery modules; at least two battery modules disposed in the battery compartment frame; wherein each battery module includes a plurality of battery cells Body and two end plates, a plurality of battery cells are arranged along the first direction, and the two end plates are respectively arranged at both ends of the plurality of battery cells in the first direction; at least two battery modules are arranged along the first direction as A column; at least two battery modules and the battery compartment frame configured as an interference fit in a first direction.
  • At least two battery modules and the battery compartment frame are configured as an interference fit in the first direction, so that the battery cells are fixed in the battery compartment frame in a manner of being clamped in the first direction, without Fixing the battery cells in an adhesive manner also facilitates taking out the battery module for maintenance and replacement of the battery cells, which improves the performance of replacement and maintenance of the battery cells in the battery compartment.
  • a first lifting slot is formed between two adjacent end plates of two adjacent battery modules; a second lifting groove is formed between the battery compartment frame and the end plates adjacent to the battery compartment frame. Lifting slot.
  • the hoisting pliers can operate a single battery module to take out and put in.
  • the operating arm of the hoisting pliers goes deep into the first hoisting slot and the second In the hoisting slot, and apply a compressive force to the battery module in the first direction, so that the size of the battery module in the first direction changes after being pressed, and then the battery module can be taken out and put in conveniently.
  • two adjacent end plates of two adjacent battery modules are connected by a first wedging structure.
  • the first wedging structure can realize the mutual positioning between the two battery modules, reduce the assembly gap between the two battery modules, and improve the space utilization of the battery compartment.
  • the two end plates are connected by the first wedging structure.
  • the combined structure of the two end plates can also strengthen the battery compartment as a whole, and can replace the two adjacent ones in the existing battery compartment.
  • the function of the middle beam arranged between the battery modules and along the third direction perpendicular to the first direction makes the internal structure of the battery compartment more compact and the space utilization rate is high.
  • the first wedging structure includes a first protrusion on one end plate of two adjacent end plates of two adjacent battery modules and a first protrusion on the other end plate.
  • a groove, the first protrusion and the first groove are wedgingly connected.
  • the first wedging structure is a first protrusion and a first groove provided on the two end plates of two adjacent battery modules, and the first protrusion and the first groove are plugged and fitted to form the first wedging structure , the mutual positioning of the two battery modules in the third direction perpendicular to the first direction can be realized.
  • the first protrusion protrudes along the first direction, and the first groove is recessed along the first direction; the first protrusion and the first groove extend along a second direction; the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. direction; at least one end of the second direction, the first groove is provided with a first socket for inserting and removing the first protrusion.
  • the first protrusion and the first groove form a first wedging structure inserted into each other in a first direction.
  • the first protrusion is inserted into the first groove or leaves the first groove through the first socket in the second direction, so as to realize the connection or disconnection of the two battery modules.
  • the first protrusion is provided with a first hanging slot, the first hanging slot is recessed along the first direction, and extends along the second direction; at least one end of the second direction, the first hanging slot is provided with a second Two sockets.
  • the first hoisting groove is arranged on the first protrusion, and the space of the first protrusion can be fully utilized to arrange the first hoisting groove, which facilitates the operation of the hoisting pliers.
  • the frame of the battery compartment includes two first side beams disposed opposite to each other along the first direction; the at least two battery modules include a battery module connected to one first side beam; connected to one first side beam An end plate of the battery module opposite to the first side beam is connected to the first side beam through a second wedging structure.
  • the second wedging structure is respectively provided on the first side beam and an end plate of the battery module opposite to the first side beam, which can realize the connection and positioning of the battery module adjacent to the first side beam and the first side beam.
  • the second wedging structure includes a second protrusion disposed on one of an end plate opposite to the first side beam and the first side beam, and a second protrusion disposed on one of the first side beam opposite to the first side beam.
  • the second groove on the other of the end plate and the first side beam, the second protrusion and the second groove are wedgingly connected.
  • the second wedging structure is a second protrusion and a second groove provided on the first side beam and an end plate of the battery module opposite to the first side beam, and the second protrusion is plugged into the first groove. Forming the second wedging structure can realize the mutual limitation of the battery module adjacent to the first side beam and the first side beam in the third direction perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the second protrusion protrudes along the first direction, and the second groove is recessed along the first direction; the second protrusion and the second groove extend along the second direction; the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. direction; at least one end of the second direction, the second groove is provided with a third socket for the second protrusion to be inserted and removed.
  • the second protrusion and the second groove form a second wedging structure inserted into each other in the first direction.
  • the second protrusion is provided with a second hanging slot, the second hanging slot is recessed along the first direction and extends along the second direction; at least one end of the second direction, the second hanging slot is provided with a first Four sockets.
  • the second hoisting groove is arranged on the second protrusion, and the space of the second protrusion can be fully utilized to arrange the second hoisting groove, which is convenient for the operation of the hoisting pliers.
  • multiple columns of battery modules are arranged in the frame of the battery compartment; the multiple columns of battery modules are arranged along a third direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction; intermediate beams are provided between two adjacent columns of battery modules, Both ends of the middle beam are respectively connected with the first side beam.
  • the second aspect of the present application provides a chassis, which includes the battery compartment frame of the above embodiment, and the end frame for mounting the suspension; the first direction of the end frame and the battery compartment frame of the battery compartment The ends are connected.
  • the battery compartment is directly connected to the end frame, eliminating the need for beams, longitudinal beams and other structures in the cab of the original chassis, greatly reducing the number of parts of the vehicle, improving the space utilization of the chassis, and facilitating the battery compartment to carry more More batteries can further improve the endurance performance of the vehicle.
  • the end frame includes a front end frame and a rear end frame.
  • the end frame includes two frame rails, two shock towers and a first beam, each frame rail is provided with a shock tower; each frame rail and shock absorber A set of suspensions is installed on the vibration tower; two frame longitudinal beams are connected with the battery compartment frame.
  • the end frame includes two frame longitudinal beams and two shock absorbing towers, and a set of suspensions are installed on each frame longitudinal beam and shock absorbing towers, and the suspensions are directly installed on the vehicle frame longitudinal beams. And on the shock tower, the sub-frame and other suspension installation structures of the vehicle can be omitted, the number of parts of the end frame is greatly reduced, and the integration level is higher.
  • the two frame longitudinal beams are installed at the end of the battery compartment, and the end frame is directly carried by the battery compartment, eliminating the need for cross beams, longitudinal beams and other structures of the body, making the entire chassis compact in structure, with a small number of parts and light weight.
  • a motor mount is also provided on the frame rail.
  • the driving motor can be installed on the frame longitudinal beam and supported by the frame longitudinal beam, which further improves the compactness of the chassis and reduces the number of parts.
  • a third aspect of the present application provides a vehicle, wherein the chassis of the vehicle of the above embodiments is included.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a chassis of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the first battery module provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a second battery module provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle chassis provided with a battery module installed in some embodiments of the present application;
  • Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of part A in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an uninstalled battery module of a chassis of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application;
  • Fig. 7 is a partially enlarged view of part B of Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a simplified schematic diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it may be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it may be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application in specific situations.
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary battery cells, lithium-ion primary battery cells, lithium-sulfur battery cells, sodium-lithium-ion battery cells, sodium-ion battery cells, or magnesium-ion battery cells, etc.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • Batteries generally include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cells in the battery compartment are usually glued into the battery compartment, so that if there is a problem with the battery cells in the later stage, it is very difficult to repair and replace the battery cells, and the operation is inconvenient.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a chassis 100 of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the chassis 100 of the vehicle includes an end frame 10 and a battery compartment 20 , wherein the end frame 10 is used for mounting a suspension; the battery compartment 20 is used for accommodating batteries.
  • the suspension is also called suspension, which is the assembly of the connection mechanism between the wheel and the vehicle body, usually including springs, shock absorbers, swing arms and other accessories.
  • the body is supported on the wheels by the suspension, and the suspension is used to control the beating of the wheels so that the vehicle can run smoothly.
  • the end frame 10 is used to install vehicle components such as suspensions and drive motors.
  • vehicle components such as suspensions and drive motors.
  • the end frame 10 can include a front frame and a rear frame, the front frame is used to install two front wheels and suspensions thereof, and the rear frame is used to install two rear wheels and suspensions thereof. shelf.
  • battery bay 20 is used to house batteries and provide power to the vehicle.
  • the first direction X is the traveling direction of the vehicle, including forward and reverse directions.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of the chassis of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of the first battery module provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the second battery module provided by some embodiments of the present application Structural schematic
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of the chassis of the vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application with the battery module installed
  • Figure 5 is a partial enlarged view of part A in Figure 4
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application Schematic diagram of the chassis without battery modules installed
  • FIG. 7 is a partial enlarged view of part B in FIG. 6 .
  • the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a battery compartment 20.
  • each battery module 40 includes a plurality of battery cells 400 and two end plates, the plurality of battery cells 400 are arranged along the first direction X, and the two end plates are in the first direction X are respectively arranged at both ends of a plurality of battery cells 400; at least two battery modules 40 are arranged in a row along the first direction X; at least two battery modules 40 and the battery compartment frame 200 are configured in the first direction X interference fit.
  • At least two battery modules 40 and the battery compartment frame 200 are configured as an interference fit in the first direction X, so that the battery modules 40 are installed in the battery compartment frame 200 in an interference fit manner, each The end plates on both sides of each battery module 40 clamp the battery cell 400 in the middle along the first direction X, and the battery cell 400 is fixed and held in the battery compartment frame 200 in a manner of being clamped in the first direction X, without Fixing the battery cell 400 by gluing the battery cell 400 in the battery compartment 20 facilitates taking out the battery module 40 for maintenance and replacement of the battery cell 40, improving the replacement and maintenance of the battery cell 400 in the battery compartment 20 performance.
  • the number of battery modules 40 arranged in a row in the first direction X may be two, three or more.
  • the number of battery cells 400 in each battery module 40 is more than one.
  • the at least two battery modules 40 and the battery compartment frame 200 are configured as an interference fit in the first direction X. Specifically, it means that after at least two battery modules 40 are arranged in a row without force, they are in the first direction X.
  • the length in the direction X is slightly greater than the length of the internal space of the battery compartment frame 200, so that when at least two battery modules 40 are put into the battery compartment frame 200 in an interference fit manner, under the action of the clamping force of the battery compartment frame 200 Next, at least two battery modules 40 are clamped and fixed in the battery compartment frame 200 .
  • FIG. 2 shows the structural diagram of the first battery module 41 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 shows the structural diagram of the second battery module 42 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the first battery module 41 includes a plurality of battery cells 400 , a first end plate 411 and a second end plate 413 .
  • the second battery module 42 includes a plurality of battery cells 400 and a third end plate 421 and a fourth end plate 423 .
  • the battery cell 400 is a square battery, and the battery cell 400 is arranged such that the expansion direction of the battery cell 400 is parallel to the first direction X. That is, the side of the battery cell 400 with the largest area is perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the first direction X is the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, but not limited thereto, the first direction X may also be the width direction or the vertical direction of the vehicle.
  • a first lifting slot 53 is formed between two adjacent end plates of two adjacent battery modules 40; between the battery compartment frame 200 and the end plates adjacent to the battery compartment frame 200 A second hanging groove 63 is formed.
  • a second lifting slot 63 is formed between the battery compartment frame 200 and the first end plate 411 of the first battery module 41 adjacent to the battery compartment frame 200 .
  • a second lifting slot 63 is also formed between the battery compartment frame 200 and the third end plate 421 of the second battery module 42 adjacent to the battery compartment frame 200 .
  • the hoisting tongs can operate a single battery module 40 to take out and put in.
  • the operating arm of the hoisting tongs Go deep into the first hoisting groove 53 and the second hoisting groove 63, and apply a compressive force to the battery module 40 in the first direction X, so that the size of the battery module 40 in the first direction X changes after being pressed, and then can It is convenient to take out and put in the battery module 40 .
  • two adjacent end plates of two adjacent battery modules 40 are connected through a first wedging structure 50 .
  • the first wedging structure 50 can realize the mutual positioning between the two battery modules 40 , reduce the assembly gap between the two battery modules 40 , and improve the space utilization of the battery compartment 20 .
  • the two end plates are connected by the first wedging structure 50, and the combined structure of the two end plates can also play a role in strengthening the battery compartment 20 as a whole, and can replace the existing battery compartment located adjacent
  • the function of the intermediate beam between the two battery modules and extending along the third direction Y perpendicular to the first direction X makes the internal structure of the battery compartment 20 more compact and the space utilization rate is high.
  • the wedging structure is generally a concave-convex matching structure, including a protrusion on one of the two mating parts and a groove on the other part, and the protrusion and the groove form a shape fit.
  • Connection and limit structure comprising alternately arranged protrusions and grooves on one of the mating parts, and alternately arranged grooves and protrusions on the other part, the protrusions and recesses The shape of the groove fits to form a wedging structure for connection and limitation.
  • the first wedging structure 50 includes a first protrusion 51 disposed on one of the two adjacent end plates of two adjacent battery modules 40 and a first protrusion 51 disposed on the other end plate.
  • the first groove 52 on the top, the first protrusion 51 and the first groove 52 are wedgingly connected.
  • the first wedging structure 50 is a first protrusion 51 and a first groove 52 provided on the two end plates of two adjacent battery modules 40 , and the first protrusion 51 is plugged into the first groove 52
  • Forming the first wedging structure 50 can realize the mutual positioning of the two battery modules 40 in the third direction Y perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the third direction is the width direction of the vehicle, but not limited thereto, the third direction may also be the length direction or the vertical direction of the vehicle.
  • the first wedging structure 50 is disposed between the second end plate 413 of the first battery module 41 and the fourth end plate 423 of the second battery module 42 .
  • Alternately arranged first protrusions 51 and third grooves 55 are arranged on the second end plate 413
  • alternately arranged first grooves 52 and third protrusions 54 are arranged on the fourth end plate 423 .
  • the first groove 52 and the first protrusion 51 between the second end plate 413 and the fourth end plate 423 are plugged and fitted, and the third groove 55 and the third protrusion 54 are plugged and fitted to form the first wedging structure 50 , the mutual positioning of the two battery modules 40 in the third direction Y perpendicular to the first direction X can be realized.
  • the first protrusion 51 protrudes along the first direction X, and the first groove 52 is recessed along the first direction X; the first protrusion 51 and the first groove 52 extend along the second direction Z; The second direction Z is perpendicular to the first direction X and the third direction Y. At least one end in the second direction Z, the first groove 52 is provided with a first socket for inserting and removing the first protrusion 51 .
  • the first protrusion 51 and the first groove 52 form a first wedging structure 50 inserted into each other in the first direction X.
  • the first protrusion 51 is inserted into the first groove 52 or leaves the first groove 52 through the first socket in the second direction Z, so as to connect or disconnect the two battery modules 40 .
  • the structure and matching relationship between the third groove 55 and the third protrusion 54 are the same as the structure and matching relationship between the first groove 52 and the first protrusion 51 .
  • the second direction Z is a vertical direction. But not limited thereto, in some embodiments, the second direction Z may also be the width direction or the length direction of the vehicle.
  • the first protrusion 51 is provided with a first hoisting groove 53 , the first hoisting groove 53 is recessed along the first direction X and extends along the second direction Z; At least one end in the second direction Z, the first lifting slot 53 is provided with a second socket.
  • the first hoisting groove 53 is arranged on the first protrusion 51, and the space of the first protrusion 51 can be fully utilized to arrange the first hoisting groove 53, which facilitates the operation of the hoisting pliers.
  • a first hoisting slot 53 is provided at one or both ends of each battery module 40 in the first direction X, which facilitates hoisting pliers to clamp the battery module 40 from both sides.
  • the first lifting slot 53 may also be provided on the third protrusion 54 .
  • an end plate of the battery module 40 connected to a first side beam 21 opposite to the first side beam 21 is connected to the first side beam 21 through the second wedging structure 60 .
  • the second wedging structure 60 is respectively arranged on the first side beam 21 and an end plate of the battery module 40 opposite to the first side beam 21, which can realize the connection between the battery module 40 adjacent to the first side beam 21 and the first side beam 21. Connection and positioning of side beam 21.
  • the battery compartment frame 200 further includes a bottom plate 24 that connects the first side beam 21 and the second side beam 22 from the bottom and closes the battery compartment from the bottom.
  • the shape of the battery compartment can be square or other polygons.
  • the second wedging structure 60 includes a second protrusion 61 disposed on one of the end plate opposite to the first side beam 21 and the first side beam 21 , The opposite end plate of the beam 21 is connected to the second groove 62 on the other side beam 21 , and the second protrusion 61 and the second groove 62 are wedgingly connected.
  • the second wedging structure 60 is a second protrusion and a second groove arranged on the first side beam and an end plate of the battery module opposite to the first side beam, and the second protrusion is inserted into the first groove.
  • Cooperating to form the second wedging structure 60 can realize the mutual limitation of the battery module 40 adjacent to the first side beam and the first side beam 21 in the third direction Y perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the second wedging structure 60 is disposed between the first end plate 411 of the first battery module 41 and the first side beam 21 .
  • Alternately arranged second protrusions 61 and fourth grooves 65 are arranged on the first end plate 411
  • alternately arranged second grooves 62 and fourth protrusions 64 are arranged on the first side beam 21 .
  • the second groove 62 and the second protrusion 61 between the first end plate 411 and the first side beam 21 are plugged and fitted, and the fourth groove 65 and the fourth protrusion 64 are plugged and fitted to form the second wedging structure 60 , the mutual positioning of the first battery module 41 and the first side beam 21 in the third direction Y perpendicular to the first direction X can be realized.
  • the second protrusion 61 protrudes along the first direction X, and the second groove 62 is recessed along the first direction X; the second protrusion 61 and the second groove 62 extend along the second direction Z; The second direction Z is perpendicular to the first direction X; at least one end of the second direction Z, the second groove 62 is provided with a third socket for inserting and removing the second protrusion 61 .
  • the second protrusion 61 and the second groove 62 form a second wedging structure 60 inserted into each other in the first direction X.
  • the second protrusion 61 When installing or dismounting the battery module 40, the second protrusion 61 is inserted into the second groove 62 or leaves from the second groove 62 through the third socket in the second direction Z, so as to realize the connection between the battery module 40 and the first side beam 61. Connect or disconnect.
  • the structure and matching relationship between the fourth groove 65 and the fourth protrusion 64 are the same as the structure and matching relationship between the second groove 62 and the second protrusion 61 .
  • a second lifting groove 63 is provided on the fourth protrusion 64, and the second lifting groove 63 is recessed along the first direction X and extends along the second direction Z; At least one end in the direction Z, the second lifting slot 63 is provided with a fourth socket.
  • the second hoisting groove 63 is arranged on the fourth protrusion 64, and the space of the fourth protrusion 64 can be fully utilized to arrange the second hoisting groove 63, which facilitates the operation of the hoisting pliers.
  • the second lifting slot 63 may also be provided on the second protrusion 61 .
  • the battery compartment frame 200 is provided with multiple columns of battery modules 40; the multiple columns of battery modules 40 are arranged along the third direction Y, and the third direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction X; two adjacent columns of battery modules 40 An intermediate beam 23 is arranged therebetween, and the two ends of the intermediate beam 23 are respectively connected with the first side beams 21 .
  • the position of each row of battery modules 40 in the third direction Y can be limited by setting the middle beam 23 , and the middle beam 23 can also provide reinforcement for the battery compartment frame 200 .
  • a second aspect of the present application provides a chassis 100, wherein the chassis 100 includes the battery compartment frame 200 of the above embodiment, and an end frame 10 for mounting the suspension Frame; end The frame 10 is connected to the end of the battery compartment frame 200 of the battery compartment 20 in the first direction X.
  • the battery compartment 20 is directly connected to the end frame 10, eliminating the need for structures such as beams and longitudinal beams at the driver's cab of the original chassis, greatly reducing the number of parts of the vehicle, improving the space utilization of the chassis 100, and benefiting the battery.
  • the cabin 20 is equipped with more batteries to further improve the endurance performance of the vehicle.
  • the end frame 10 includes a front end frame and a rear end frame.
  • the front end vehicle frame is installed on the front part of the battery compartment 20
  • the rear end vehicle frame is installed on the rear part of the battery compartment 20 .
  • each end frame 10 includes two frame rails 11, two shock towers 12, each frame rail 11 is provided with a shock tower 12; A group of suspensions are installed on the beam 11 and the shock tower 12 ; the two frame longitudinal beams 11 are connected with the battery compartment frame 200 .
  • the end frame 10 includes two frame longitudinal beams 11 and two shock towers 12, each of the frame longitudinal beams 11 and the shock towers 12 is equipped with a group of suspensions, and the suspensions are directly installed On the vehicle frame longitudinal beam 11 and the shock tower 12, the subframe and other suspension installation structures of the vehicle can be omitted, the number of parts of the end frame is greatly reduced, and the integration degree is higher.
  • the two frame longitudinal beams 11 are installed at the end of the battery compartment 20, and the end frame 10 is directly carried by the battery compartment, eliminating the need for structures such as cross beams and longitudinal beams of the vehicle body, so that the entire chassis has a compact structure, a small number of parts, and a low weight. light.
  • the frame rail 11 is further provided with a motor mounting seat 13 .
  • the driving motor can be mounted on the frame rail 11 and supported by the frame rail 11, further improving the compactness of the chassis 100 and reducing the number of parts.
  • a third aspect of the present application provides a vehicle, wherein the chassis of the vehicle of the above embodiments is included.
  • Fig. 8 is a simplified schematic diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 2 is provided inside the vehicle 1 , and the battery 2 may be provided in a battery compartment 20 of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 2 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 3 and a motor 4 , the controller 3 is used to control the battery 2 to supply power to the motor 4 , for example, for the starting, navigation and working power requirements of the vehicle 1 during driving.
  • the battery 2 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 instead of or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种电池舱、底盘和车辆，电池舱包括电池舱框架，用于容纳电池模块；至少两个电池模块，设置于电池舱框架内；其中，每个电池模块包括多个电池单体和两个端板，多个电池单体沿第一方向排列，两个端板在第一方向上分别设置在多个电池单体的两端；至少两个电池模块沿第一方向排列为一列；至少两个电池模块和电池舱框架在第一方向上被配置为过盈配合。通过将至少两个电池模块和电池舱框架在第一方向上配置为过盈配合，使得电池单体以在第一方向上被夹紧的方式固定在电池舱框架内，无需采用胶粘的方式固定电池单体，也便于将电池模块取出以维修和更换电池单体，改善了电池舱内电池单体的更换和维修的性能。

Description

电池舱、底盘和车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2021年11月4日提交的名称为“电池舱、底盘和车辆”的中国专利申请202111302274.2的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及车辆领域，尤其涉及一种电池舱、底盘和车辆。
背景技术
现有的电动车辆，电池舱内的电池单体通常以胶粘的方式固定到电池舱中，导致后期如果电池单体出现问题，维修更换非常困难。因此，如何改善电池舱内电池单体的更换和维修的性能，是电动车辆中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请的多个方面提供一种电池舱、底盘和车辆，能够改善电动车辆的电池舱的更换和维修的性能。
本申请的第一方面提供一种电池舱，其中，包括：电池舱框架，用于容纳电池模块；至少两个电池模块，设置于电池舱框架内；其中，每个电池模块包括多个电池单体和两个端板，多个电池单体沿第一方向排列，两个端板在第一方向上分别设置在多个电池单体的两端；至少两个电池模块沿第一方向排列为一列；至少两个电池模块和电池舱框架在第一方向上被配置为过盈配合。
该实施例中，通过将至少两个电池模块和电池舱框架在第一方向上配置为过盈配合，使得电池单体以在第一方向上被夹紧的方式固定在电池舱框架内，无需采用胶粘的方式固定电池单体，也便于将电池模块取出以维修和更换电池单体，改善了电池舱内电池单体的更换和维修的性能。
在一些实施例中，相邻的两个电池模块的相邻的两个端板之间形成有第一吊装槽；在电池舱框架和与电池舱框架相邻的端板之间形成有第二吊装槽。通过设置第一吊装槽和 第二吊装槽，吊装钳可以操作单个的电池模块进行取出和放入操作，在取出或放入电池模块时，吊装钳的操作臂深入到第一吊装槽和第二吊装槽内，并在第一方向对电池模块施加压紧力，使得电池模块在受压后在第一方向的尺寸发生变化，进而可以方便的取出和放入电池模块。
在一些实施例中，相邻的两个电池模块的相邻的两个端板之间通过第一楔合结构连接。第一楔合结构可以实现两个电池模块之间的相互定位，减小两个电池模块之间的装配间隙，提高电池舱的空间利用。同时两个端板之间通过第一楔合结构连接，两个端板的组合结构也可以起到对电池舱整体的加强作用，可以起到替代现有的电池舱中位于相邻的两个电池模块之间并沿垂直于第一方向的第三方向布置的中间梁的作用，使得电池舱内部结构更加紧凑，空间利用率高。
在一些实施例中，第一楔合结构包括设于相邻的两个电池模块的相邻的两个端板中的一个端板上的第一凸起和设于另一个端板上的第一凹槽，第一凸起和第一凹槽相楔合连接。第一楔合结构为设在相邻的两个电池模块的两个端板上的第一凸起和第一凹槽，第一凸起与第一凹槽插接配合形成第一楔合结构，可以实现两个电池模块在垂直于第一方向的第三方向的相互限位。
在一些实施例中，第一凸起沿第一方向凸出，且第一凹槽沿第一方向凹陷；第一凸起和第一凹槽沿第二方向延伸；第二方向垂直于第一方向；在第二方向的至少一端，第一凹槽设有用于供第一凸起插拔的第一插口。第一凸起和第一凹槽形成在第一方向上相互插接的第一楔合结构。当安装或拆卸电池模块时，第一凸起通过第二方向的第一插口插入第一凹槽或者从第一凹槽离开，以实现两个电池模块的连接或脱离。
在一些实施例中，第一凸起上设有第一吊装槽，第一吊装槽沿第一方向凹陷，并沿第二方向延伸；在第二方向的至少一端，第一吊装槽设有第二插口。将第一吊装槽设置在第一凸起上，可充分利用第一凸起的空间布置第一吊装槽，便于吊装钳操作。
在一些实施例中，电池舱框架包括沿第一方向相对设置的两个第一边梁；至少两个电池模块包括与一个第一边梁相连接的电池模块；与一个第一边梁相连接的电池模块的与第一边梁相对的一个端板通过第二楔合结构与第一边梁相连接。第二楔合结构为分别设置在第一边梁和与第一边梁相对的电池模块的一个端板上，可以实现与第一边梁相邻的电池模块与第一边梁的连接和限位。
在一些实施例中，第二楔合结构包括设于与第一边梁相对的一个端板和第一边梁中 的一个上的第二凸起，和设于与第一边梁相对的一个端板和第一边梁中的另一个上的第二凹槽，第二凸起和第二凹槽相楔合连接。第二楔合结构为设在第一边梁和与第一边梁相对的电池模块的一个端板上的第二凸起和第二凹槽，第二凸起与第人凹槽插接配合形成第二楔合结构，可以实现与第一边梁相邻的电池模块与第一边梁的在垂直于第一方向的第三方向的相互限位。
在一些实施例中，第二凸起沿第一方向凸出，且第二凹槽沿第一方向凹陷；第二凸起和第二凹槽沿第二方向延伸；第二方向垂直于第一方向；在第二方向的至少一端，第二凹槽设有用于供第二凸起插拔的第三插口。第二凸起和第二凹槽形成在第一方向上相互插接的第二楔合结构。当安装或拆卸电池模块时，第二凸起通过第二方向的第三插口插入第二凹槽或者从第二凹槽离开，以实现电池模块与第一边梁的连接或脱离。
在一些实施例中，第二凸起上设有第二吊装槽，第二吊装槽沿第一方向凹陷，并沿第二方向延伸；在第二方向的至少一端，第二吊装槽设有第四插口。将第二吊装槽设置在第二凸起上，可充分利用第二凸起的空间布置第二吊装槽，便于吊装钳操作。
在一些实施例中，电池舱框架中设有多列电池模块；多列电池模块沿第三方向排列，第三方向垂直于第一方向；相邻的两列电池模块之间设有中间梁，中间梁的两端分别与第一边梁相连接。通过设置中间梁，可以限制每列电池模块在第三方向的位置，并且中间梁还可以对电池舱框架提供加强。
本申请的第二方面提供一种底盘，其中，包括以上实施例的电池舱框架，以及端部车架，用于安装悬架；端部车架与电池舱的电池舱框架的第一方向的端部相连接。电池舱与端部车架直接连接，省去了原有底盘的驾驶室部位的横梁、纵梁等结构，大幅减少了车辆的零件数，提高了底盘的空间利用率，有利于电池舱搭载更多的电池，进一步提升车辆的续航性能。
在一些实施例中，端部车架包括前端车架和后端车架。
在一些实施例中，端部车架包括两个车架纵梁、两个减震塔和第一横梁，每个车架纵梁上设有一个减震塔；每个车架纵梁和减震塔上安装有一组悬架；两个车架纵梁与电池舱框架连接。该实施例中，端部车架包括两个车架纵梁、两个减震塔，每个车架纵梁和减震塔上安装有一组悬架，将悬架直接安装在车架纵梁和减震塔上，可省去车辆的副车架和其他的悬架安装结构，大幅减少了端部车架的零件数，集成度更高。两个车架纵梁安装在电池舱的端部，由电池舱直接承载端部车架，省去了车身的横梁、纵梁等结构，使得整个底盘结构紧凑，零件数量少，重量轻。
在一些实施例中，车架纵梁上还设有电机安装座。通过设置电机安装座，可将驱动电机安装在车架纵梁上，由车架纵梁支撑，进一步提升底盘的紧凑性，减少零件数量。
本申请的第三方面提供一种车辆，其中，包括以上实施例的车辆的底盘。
上述说明仅是本申请实施例技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请实施例的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请实施例的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的底盘的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的第一电池模块的结构意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的第二电池模块的结构意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的底盘的安装了电池模块的结构示意图；
图5为图4中A部位的局部放大图；
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的底盘的未安装电池模块的结构意图；
图7为图6的B部位的局部放大图；
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的简化示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排它的包含。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序，可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于车辆，车辆可以是燃油车辆、燃气车辆或新能源车辆，新能源车辆可以是纯电动车辆、混合动力车辆或增程式车辆等；本申请实施例对上述车辆不做特殊限制。
现有的车辆中，电池舱内的电池单体通常以胶粘的方式固定到电池舱中，导致后期如果电池单体出现问题，电池单体的维修更换非常困难，操作不方便。
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请的发明人提出了一种车辆的底盘结构和电池舱结构。图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的底盘100的结构示意图。
如图1所示，车辆的底盘100包括端部车架10和电池舱20，其中，端部车架10，用于安装悬架；电池舱20，用于容纳电池。
在一些实施例中，悬架又称悬挂，是车轮与车身之间连接机构的总成，通常包括弹簧、减震器、摆臂和其他附件。车身通过悬架支撑在车轮上，悬架用于控制车轮的跳动，使车辆能够平稳的行驶。
在一些实施例中，端部车架10用于安装悬架、驱动电机等车辆部件。对于四轮车辆，端部车架10可包括前端车架和后端车架，前端车架用于安装两个前轮及其悬架，后端车架用于安装两个后轮及其悬架。
在一些实施例中，电池舱20用于容纳电池，并为车辆供电。
在一些实施例中，第一方向X为车辆行进方向，包括前进和后退方向。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的底盘的结构示意图；图2为本申请一些实施例提供的第一电池模块的结构意图；图3为本申请一些实施例提供的第二电池模块的结构意图；图4为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的底盘的安装了电池模块的结构示意图；图5为图4中A部位的局部放大图；图6为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的底盘的未安装电池模块的结构意图；图7为图6的B部位的局部放大图。
本申请实施例第一方面提供一种电池舱20，如图1至图7中的实施例所示，电池舱20包括：电池舱框架200，用于容纳电池模块40；至少两个电池模块40，设置于电池舱框架200内；其中，每个电池模块40包括多个电池单体400和两个端板，多个电池单体400沿第一方向X排列，两个端板在第一方向X上分别设置在多个电池单体400的两端；至少两个电池模块40沿第一方向X排列为一列；至少两个电池模块40和电池舱框架200在第一方向X上被配置为过盈配合。该实施例中，通过将至少两个电池模块40和电池舱框架200在第一方向X上配置为过盈配合，使得电池模块40被以过盈配合的方式安装在电池舱框架200内，每个电池模块40两侧的端板沿第一方向X夹紧中间的电池单体400， 电池单体400以在第一方向X上被夹紧的方式固定和保持在电池舱框架200内，无需采用将电池单体400胶粘在电池舱20内的方式固定电池单体400，便于将电池模块40取出以维修和更换电池单体40，改善了电池舱20内电池单体400的更换和维修的性能。
在一些实施例中，在第一方向X排列为一列的电池模块40的数量可以为两个、三个或者更多。每个电池模块40中的电池单体400的数量为一个以上。
至少两个电池模块40和电池舱框架200在第一方向X上被配置为过盈配合具体指的是，在未受力的情况下至少两个电池模块40排列为一列后，其在第一方向X上的长度略大于电池舱框架200内部空间的长度，这样当至少两个电池模块40以过盈配合的方式放入到电池舱框架200内，在电池舱框架200的夹紧力的作用下，至少两个电池模块40被夹紧固定在电池舱框架200内。
图2中示出了本申请一些实施例提供的第一电池模块41的结构意图。图3中示出了本申请一些实施例提供的第二电池模块42的结构意图。图1中，在第一方向X排列为一列的电池模块40的数量可以为两个，分别为第一电池模块41和第二电池模块42。其中第一电池模块41包括多个电池单体400和一个第一端板411和一个第二端板413。第二电池模块42包括多个电池单体400和一个第三端板421和一个第四端板423。
电池单体400为方形电池，电池单体400被布置为电池单体400的膨胀方向与第一方向X相平行。即电池单体400的面积最大的侧面与第一方向X相垂直。第一方向X为车辆的长度方向，但不限于此，第一方向X也可以为车辆的宽度方向或者竖直方向。
在一些实施例中，相邻的两个电池模块40的相邻的两个端板之间形成有第一吊装槽53；在电池舱框架200和与电池舱框架200相邻的端板之间形成有第二吊装槽63。
具体地，以图2至图5中的实施例为例，在相邻的第一电池模块41和第二电池模块42的相邻的第二端板413和第四端板423之间，形成第一吊装槽53。在电池舱框架200和与电池舱框架200相邻的第一电池模块41的第一端板411之间形成有第二吊装槽63。在电池舱框架200和与电池舱框架200相邻的第二电池模块42的第三端板421之间也形成有第二吊装槽63。
该实施例中，通过设置第一吊装槽53和第二吊装槽63，吊装钳可以操作单个的电池模块40进行取出和放入操作，在取出或放入电池模块40时，吊装钳的操作臂深入到第一吊装槽53和第二吊装槽63内，并在第一方向X对电池模块40施加压紧力，使得电池模块40在受压后在第一方向X的尺寸发生变化，进而可以方便的取出和放入电池模块40。
在一些实施例中，相邻的两个电池模块40的相邻的两个端板之间通过第一楔合结构50连接。第一楔合结构50可以实现两个电池模块40之间的相互定位，减小两个电池模块40之间的装配间隙，提高电池舱20的空间利用。同时两个端板之间通过第一楔合结构50连接，两个端板的组合结构也可以起到对电池舱20整体的加强作用，可以起到替代现有的电池舱中位于相邻的两个电池模块之间并沿垂直于第一方向X的第三方向Y延伸的中间梁的作用，使得电池舱20内部结构更加紧凑，空间利用率高。
在一些实施例中，楔合结构通常为凹凸配合结构，包括设在相配合的两个部件中的一个上的凸起和设在另一个部件上的凹槽，凸起与凹槽形状配合形成连接和限位结构。在一些实施例中，包括设在相配合的两个部件中的一个上的交替排列的凸起和凹槽，和设在另一个部件上的交替排列的凹槽和凸起，凸起与凹槽形状配合形成连接和限位的楔合结构。
在一些实施例中，第一楔合结构50包括设于相邻的两个电池模块40的相邻的两个端板中的一个端板上的第一凸起51和设于另一个端板上的第一凹槽52，第一凸起51和第一凹槽52相楔合连接。第一楔合结构50为设在相邻的两个电池模块40的两个端板上的第一凸起51和第一凹槽52，第一凸起51与第一凹槽52插接配合形成第一楔合结构50，可以实现两个电池模块40在垂直于第一方向X的第三方向Y的相互限位。在一些实施例中，第三方向为车辆的宽度方向，但不限于此，第三方向也可以为车辆的长度方向或者竖直方向。
具体如图2至图5中所示的实施例中，第一楔合结构50设置在第一电池模块41的第二端板413和第二电池模块42的第四端板423之间。在第二端板413上设有交替排列的第一凸起51和第三凹槽55，和设在第四端板423上的交替排列的第一凹槽52和第三凸起54。第二端板413和第四端板423之间的第一凹槽52和第一凸起51插接配合、第三凹槽55和第三凸起54插接配合形成第一楔合结构50，可以实现两个电池模块40在垂直于第一方向X的第三方向Y的相互限位。
在一些实施例中，第一凸起51沿第一方向X凸出，且第一凹槽52沿第一方向X凹陷；第一凸起51和第一凹槽52沿第二方向Z延伸；第二方向Z垂直于第一方向X和第三方向Y。在第二方向Z的至少一端，第一凹槽52设有用于供第一凸起51插拔的第一插口。第一凸起51和第一凹槽52形成在第一方向X上相互插接的第一楔合结构50。当安装或拆卸电池模块40时，第一凸起51通过第二方向Z的第一插口插入第一凹槽52或者从第一凹槽52离开，以实现两个电池模块40的连接或脱离。第三凹槽55和第三凸起54 的结构和配合关系与第一凹槽52和第一凸起51的结构和配合关系相同。
在一些实施例中，第二方向Z为竖直方向。但不限于此，在一些实施例中，第二方向Z也可以为车辆的宽度方向或者长度方向。
在一些实施例中，如图2至图5中所示，第一凸起51上设有第一吊装槽53，第一吊装槽53沿第一方向X凹陷，并沿第二方向Z延伸；在第二方向Z的至少一端，第一吊装槽53设有第二插口。将第一吊装槽53设置在第一凸起51上，可充分利用第一凸起51的空间布置第一吊装槽53，便于吊装钳操作。如图中所示，在每个电池模块40的第一方向X的一端或者两端设有第一吊装槽53，这样便于吊装钳从两侧夹持电池模块40。在另一些实施例中，第一吊装槽53也可设在第三凸起54上。
在一些实施例中，参考他3至图6中所示，电池舱框架200包括沿第一方向X相对设置的两个第一边梁21；至少两个电池模块40包括与一个第一边梁21相连接的电池模块40；与一个第一边梁21相连接的电池模块40的与第一边梁21相对的一个端板通过第二楔合结构60与第一边梁21相连接。第二楔合结构60为分别设置在第一边梁21和与第一边梁21相对的电池模块40的一个端板上，可以实现与第一边梁21相邻的电池模块40与第一边梁21的连接和限位。
具体地，如图4至图7中所示的实施例中，电池舱框架200包括沿第一方向X相对设置的两个第一边梁21，沿第三方向Y相对设置的两个第二边梁22。第一边梁21和第二边梁22相互连接合围成容纳电池模块的容纳空间。在一些实施例中，电池舱框架200还包括底板24，底板24从底部连接第一边梁21和第二边梁22并从底部封闭电池舱。电池舱的形状可以为方形或者其他多边形。
在一些实施例中，第二楔合结构60包括设于与第一边梁21相对的一个端板和第一边梁21中的一个上的第二凸起61，和设于与第一边梁21相对的一个端板和第一边梁21中的另一个上的第二凹槽62，第二凸起61和第二凹槽62相楔合连接。第二楔合结构60为设在第一边梁和与第一边梁相对的电池模块的一个端板上的第二凸起和第二凹槽，第二凸起与第人凹槽插接配合形成第二楔合结构60，可以实现与第一边梁相邻的电池模块40与第一边梁21的在垂直于第一方向X的第三方向Y的相互限位。
具体地，如图4至图7中所示的实施例中，第二楔合结构60设置在第一电池模块41的第一端板411和第一边梁21之间。在第一端板411上设有交替排列的第二凸起61和第四凹槽65，和设在第一边梁21上的交替排列的第二凹槽62和第四凸起64。第一端板411 和第一边梁21之间的第二凹槽62和第二凸起61插接配合、第四凹槽65和第四凸起64插接配合形成第二楔合结构60，可以实现第一电池模块41与第一边梁21在垂直于第一方向X的第三方向Y的相互限位。
在一些实施例中，第二凸起61沿第一方向X凸出，且第二凹槽62沿第一方向X凹陷；第二凸起61和第二凹槽62沿第二方向Z延伸；第二方向Z垂直于第一方向X；在第二方向Z的至少一端，第二凹槽62设有用于供第二凸起61插拔的第三插口。第二凸起61和第二凹槽62形成在第一方向X上相互插接的第二楔合结构60。当安装或拆卸电池模块40时，第二凸起61通过第二方向Z的第三插口插入第二凹槽62或者从第二凹槽62离开，以实现电池模块40与第一边梁61的连接或脱离。第四凹槽65和第四凸起64的结构和配合关系与第二凹槽62和第二凸起61的结构和配合关系相同。
在一些实施例中，如图6中所示，第四凸起64上设有第二吊装槽63，第二吊装槽63沿第一方向X凹陷，并沿第二方向Z延伸；在第二方向Z的至少一端，第二吊装槽63设有第四插口。将第二吊装槽63设置在第四凸起64上，可充分利用第四凸起64的空间布置第二吊装槽63，便于吊装钳操作。在另一些实施例中，第二吊装槽63也可以设置在第二凸起61上。
在一些实施例中，电池舱框架200中设有多列电池模块40；多列电池模块40沿第三方向Y排列，第三方向Y垂直于第一方向X；相邻的两列电池模块40之间设有中间梁23，中间梁23的两端分别与第一边梁21相连接。通过设置中间梁23，可以限制每列电池模块40在第三方向Y的位置，并且中间梁23还可以对电池舱框架200提供加强。
参照图1至图7中所示的实施例，本申请的第二方面提供一种底盘100，其中，底盘100包括以上实施例的电池舱框架200，以及端部车架10，用于安装悬架；端部车架10与电池舱20的电池舱框架200的第一方向X的端部相连接。电池舱20与端部车架10直接连接，省去了原有底盘的驾驶室部位的横梁、纵梁等结构，大幅减少了车辆的零件数，提高了底盘100的空间利用率，有利于电池舱20搭载更多的电池，进一步提升车辆的续航性能。
在一些实施例中，端部车架10包括前端车架和后端车架。前端车架安装在电池舱20的前部，后端车架安装在电池舱20的后部。
在一些实施例中，每个端部车架10包括两个车架纵梁11、两个减震塔12，每个车架纵梁11上设有一个减震塔12；每个车架纵梁11和减震塔12上安装有一组悬架；两个 车架纵梁11与电池舱框架200连接。该实施例中，端部车架10包括两个车架纵梁11、两个减震塔12，每个车架纵梁11和减震塔12上安装有一组悬架，将悬架直接安装在车架纵梁11和减震塔12上，可省去车辆的副车架和其他的悬架安装结构，大幅减少了端部车架的零件数，集成度更高。两个车架纵梁11安装在电池舱20的端部，由电池舱直接承载端部车架10，省去了车身的横梁、纵梁等结构，使得整个底盘结构紧凑，零件数量少，重量轻。
在一些实施例中，车架纵梁11上还设有电机安装座13。通过设置电机安装座13，可将驱动电机安装在车架纵梁11上，由车架纵梁11支撑，进一步提升底盘100的紧凑性，减少零件数量。
本申请的第三方面提供一种车辆，其中，包括以上实施例的车辆的底盘。
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的简化示意图。
如图8所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2可以设置在车辆1的电池舱20中。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器3和马达4，控制器3用来控制电池2为马达4供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池2不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
本领域的技术人员能够理解，尽管在此的一些实施例包括其它实施例中所包括的某些特征而不是其它特征，但是不同实施例的特征的组合意味着处于本申请的范围之内并且形成不同的实施例。例如，在权利要求书中，所要求保护的实施例的任意之一都可以以任意的组合方式来使用。
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种电池舱，其中，包括：
    电池舱框架，用于容纳电池模块；
    至少两个电池模块，设置于所述电池舱框架内；
    其中，每个所述电池模块包括多个电池单体和两个端板，所述多个电池单体沿第一方向排列，所述两个端板在所述第一方向上分别设置在所述多个电池单体的两端；
    至少两个所述电池模块沿所述第一方向排列为一列；
    所述至少两个电池模块和所述电池舱框架在所述第一方向上被配置为过盈配合。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池舱，其中，相邻的两个电池模块的相邻的两个端板之间形成有第一吊装槽；在所述电池舱框架和与电池舱框架相邻的端板之间形成有第二吊装槽。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的电池舱，其中，相邻的两个电池模块的相邻的两个端板之间通过第一楔合结构连接。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的电池舱，其中，所述第一楔合结构包括设于所述相邻的两个电池模块的相邻的两个端板中的一个端板上的第一凸起和设于另一个端板上的第一凹槽，所述第一凸起和所述第一凹槽相楔合连接。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电池舱，其中，所述第一凸起沿所述第一方向凸出，且所述第一凹槽沿所述第一方向凹陷；所述第一凸起和所述第一凹槽沿第二方向延伸；所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向；在所述第二方向的至少一端，所述第一凹槽设有用于供所述第一凸起插拔的第一插口。
  6. 如权利要求4或5所述的电池舱，其中，所述第一凸起上设有第一吊装槽，所述第一吊装槽沿所述第一方向凹陷，并沿第二方向延伸；在所述第二方向的至少一端，所述第一吊装槽设有第二插口，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向。
  7. 如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的电池舱，其中，所述电池舱框架包括沿所述第一方向相对设置的两个第一边梁；所述至少两个电池模块包括与一个所述第一边梁相连接的电池模块；所述与一个所述第一边梁相连接的电池模块的与所述第一边梁相对的一个端板通过第二楔合结构与所述第一边梁相连接。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电池舱，其中，所述第二楔合结构包括设于与所述第一边梁相对的一个端板和所述第一边梁中的一个上的第二凸起，和设于与所述第一边梁相对的一个端板和所述第一边梁中的另一个上的第二凹槽，所述第二凸起和所述第二凹槽相楔合连接。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电池舱，其中，所述第二凸起沿所述第一方向凸出，且所述第二凹槽沿所述第一方向凹陷；所述第二凸起和所述第二凹槽沿第二方向延伸；所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向；在所述第二方向的至少一端，所述第二凹槽设有用于供所述第二凸起插拔的第三插口。
  10. 如权利要求8或9所述的电池舱，其中，所述第二凸起上设有第二吊装槽，所述第二吊装槽沿所述第一方向凹陷，并沿第二方向延伸；在所述第二方向的至少一端，所述第二吊装槽设有第四插口，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向。
  11. 如权利要求7至10中任一项所述的电池舱，其中，所述电池舱框架中设有多列所述电池模块；多列所述电池模块沿第三方向排列，所述第三方向垂直于所述第一方向；相邻的两列电池模块之间设有中间梁，所述中间梁的两端分别与所述第一边梁相连接。
  12. 一种底盘，其中，所述底盘包括如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的电池舱，以及
    端部车架，用于安装悬架；所述端部车架与所述电池舱的电池舱框架的第一方向的端部相连接。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的底盘，其中，所述端部车架包括前端车架和后端车架。
  14. 如权利要求12或13所述的底盘，其中，所述端部车架包括两个车架纵梁、两个减震塔和第一横梁，每个所述车架纵梁上设有一个所述减震塔；每个所述车架纵梁和所述减震塔上安装有一组悬架；两个所述车架纵梁与所述电池舱框架连接。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的底盘，其中，所述车架纵梁上还设有电机安装座。
  16. 一种车辆，包括如权利要求12-15中任一项所述的底盘。
PCT/CN2022/128025 2021-11-04 2022-10-27 电池舱、底盘和车辆 WO2023078160A1 (zh)

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