WO2023075163A1 - 배터리 장치, 배터리 관리 시스템 및 진단 방법 - Google Patents
배터리 장치, 배터리 관리 시스템 및 진단 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023075163A1 WO2023075163A1 PCT/KR2022/014257 KR2022014257W WO2023075163A1 WO 2023075163 A1 WO2023075163 A1 WO 2023075163A1 KR 2022014257 W KR2022014257 W KR 2022014257W WO 2023075163 A1 WO2023075163 A1 WO 2023075163A1
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- voltage
- connection terminal
- precharge
- positive
- ratio
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000002405 diagnostic procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the disclosure relates to a battery device, a battery management system, and a diagnostic method.
- An electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that obtains power by driving a motor using a battery as a power source, and research is being actively conducted in that it is an alternative to solving the pollution and energy problems of internal combustion vehicles.
- rechargeable batteries are used in various external devices other than vehicles.
- a battery pack having a plurality of battery cells connected in series or parallel has been used as a battery having high output and large charge capacity is required.
- output and capacity increase, the potential risk of battery packs increases.
- an overcurrent flows in the battery pack and it is not diagnosed, a problem may occur in an external device due to the overcurrent.
- a pre-charge circuit is used to prevent a rush current generated in the initial stage of driving among these overcurrents.
- the precharge circuit may prevent an inrush current by first charging a capacitor connected to an inverter of an external device through a precharge resistor at the beginning of driving. However, if the time for precharging the capacitor is not sufficient, the main switch may be closed in a state where the voltage is not sufficiently charged in the capacitor. In this case, the main switch may be damaged due to a difference between the voltage of the battery pack and the voltage of the capacitor.
- Certain embodiments may provide a battery device capable of diagnosing a precharge operation, a battery management system, and a diagnosis method.
- a battery device having a positive connection terminal and a negative connection terminal connected to an external device may be provided.
- the battery device may include a battery pack, a positive main switch, a precharge switch, and a processor.
- the positive main switch may be connected between the positive terminal of the battery pack and the positive connection terminal.
- the pre-charge switch is connected between the positive terminal of the battery pack and the positive connection terminal, and can control a pre-charge operation of the capacitor of the external device.
- the processor performs precharging by closing the precharge switch during the precharge period, closes the positive main switch after the precharge period, and calculates the first voltage of the positive connection terminal immediately before closing the positive main switch and the first voltage of the positive main switch.
- the pre-charge operation may be diagnosed based on the second voltage of the positive connection terminal immediately after closing the positive main switch.
- the battery device may further include a precharge resistor connected between the positive terminal and the positive connection terminal when the precharge switch is closed.
- the precharge switch and the precharge resistor may be connected in series.
- the processor may calculate the ratio of the second voltage to the first voltage and diagnose the precharge operation by comparing the ratio of the second voltage to the first voltage with a reference ratio. there is.
- the precharge period may be set as a multiple of a time constant defined by a resistance value of the precharge resistor and a capacitance of the capacitor, and the reference ratio may be a ratio defined by a multiple of the time constant.
- the processor may diagnose the precharge operation as normal when the ratio of the second voltage to the first voltage is within an error range of the reference ratio.
- the precharge period may be set to a first multiple of a time constant defined by a resistance value of the precharge resistor and a capacitance of the capacitor.
- the processor calculates a ratio of the second voltage to the first voltage, determines a second multiple of the time constant corresponding to the ratio of the second voltage to the first voltage, and The pre-charging operation may be diagnosed by comparing the second multiple.
- the processor may diagnose the precharge operation as normal when the second multiple is within an error range of the first multiple.
- the processor calculates a ratio of the second voltage to the first voltage, determines a multiple of a time constant corresponding to the ratio of the second voltage to the first voltage, and determines the time constant
- the pre-charging operation may be diagnosed by estimating the capacitance of the capacitor based on a multiple of , the pre-charging period, and the resistance value of the pre-charging resistor, and comparing the estimated capacitance with the actual capacitance of the capacitor.
- the processor may diagnose the precharge operation as normal when the estimated capacitance is within an error range of the actual capacitance.
- a method for diagnosing a battery device including a positive connection terminal and a negative connection terminal connected to a battery pack and an external device may be provided.
- the diagnosis method may include performing a precharge operation of precharging a capacitor connected to the positive connection terminal and the negative connection terminal through a precharge resistor, and after performing the precharge operation, the battery is connected to the positive connection terminal. Applying the voltage of the pack, measuring the voltage of the positive connection terminal as a first voltage immediately before applying the voltage of the battery pack, measuring the voltage of the positive connection terminal immediately after applying the voltage of the battery pack
- the method may include measuring a second voltage and diagnosing the pre-charging operation based on the first voltage and the second voltage.
- diagnosing the precharge operation may include calculating a ratio of the second voltage to the first voltage, and comparing the ratio of the second voltage to the first voltage with a reference ratio. A step of diagnosing the precharge operation may be included.
- the precharge period may be set to a first multiple of a time constant defined by a resistance value of the precharge resistor and a capacitance of the capacitor.
- the diagnosing of the precharge operation may include calculating a ratio of the second voltage to the first voltage, and determining a second multiple of the time constant corresponding to the ratio of the second voltage to the first voltage. and diagnosing the pre-charging operation by comparing the first multiple and the second multiple.
- diagnosing the precharge operation may include calculating a ratio of the second voltage to the first voltage, a multiple of a time constant corresponding to the ratio of the second voltage to the first voltage determining a time constant, estimating a capacitance of the capacitor based on a multiple of the time constant, the precharge period, and a resistance value of the precharge resistor, and comparing the estimated capacitance with the actual capacitance of the capacitor to determine the precharge
- a step of diagnosing the charging operation may be included.
- a battery management system of a battery device including a positive connection terminal and a negative connection terminal connected to a battery pack and an external device
- the battery management system may include a positive main switch, a precharge switch, and a processor.
- the positive main switch may be connected between the positive terminal of the battery pack and the positive connection terminal.
- the pre-charge switch is connected between the positive terminal of the battery pack and the positive connection terminal, and can control a pre-charge operation of the capacitor of the external device.
- the processor performs precharging by closing the precharge switch during the precharge period, closes the positive main switch after the precharge period, and calculates the first voltage of the positive connection terminal immediately before closing the positive main switch and the first voltage of the positive main switch.
- the pre-charge operation may be diagnosed based on the second voltage of the positive connection terminal immediately after closing the positive main switch.
- the pre-charge operation may be diagnosed by measuring the voltage of the positive connection terminal.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a battery device according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of switching timing in a battery device according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a diagnosis method in a battery device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of an equivalent circuit in a pre-charging period in a battery device according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a voltage of a positive connection terminal in a battery device according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a voltage ratio according to a multiple of a time constant.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a battery device according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of switching timing in the battery device according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the battery device 100 has a structure that can be electrically connected to an external device 10 through a positive connection terminal DC(+) and a negative connection terminal DC(-).
- the battery device 100 operates as a power supply supplying power to the load and is discharged.
- the external device 10 operating as a load may be, for example, an electronic device, a vehicle, or an energy storage system (ESS), and the vehicle may be, for example, an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or a smart mobility vehicle. ) can be.
- ESS energy storage system
- the battery device 100 includes a battery pack 110 , a switch circuit, a precharge circuit, a sensing circuit 140 and a processor 150 .
- the battery pack 110 includes a plurality of battery cells (not shown) and has a positive terminal PV(+) and a negative terminal PV(-).
- the battery cell may be a rechargeable secondary battery.
- a predetermined number of battery cells are serially connected in the battery pack 110 to form a battery module and supply desired power.
- a predetermined number of battery modules may be connected in series or parallel in the battery pack 110 to supply desired power.
- the switch circuit includes a positive main switch 121 and a battery pack 110 connected between the positive terminal (PV(+)) of the battery pack 110 and the positive connection terminal (DC(+)) of the battery device 100. and a negative main switch 122 connected between the negative terminal (PV(-)) of the battery device 100 and the negative connection terminal (DC(-)).
- switches 121 and 122 may each be a contactor formed as a relay.
- switches 121 and 122 may each be an electrical switch such as a transistor.
- the switch circuit may further include a driving circuit (not shown) that controls the switches 121 and 122 respectively.
- the precharge circuit is connected between the positive terminal (PV(+)) of the battery pack 110 and the positive connection terminal (DC(+)) of the battery device 100, and the connection terminal (DC(+)) during the precharge period. ), the capacitor 11 of the external device 10 connected to DC (-)) may be charged first.
- the precharge circuit may include a precharge resistor 131 and a precharge switch 132 . When the precharge switch 132 is closed, the precharge resistor 131 may be connected between the positive terminal (PV(+)) of the battery pack 110 and the positive connection terminal (DC(+)) of the battery device 100. there is. Accordingly, the precharge circuit may first charge the capacitor 11 of the external device 10 through the precharge resistor 131 .
- the precharge resistor 131 and the precharge switch 132 are connected between the positive terminal (PV(+)) of the battery pack 110 and the positive connection terminal (DC(+)) of the battery device 100. can be connected in series.
- the precharge switch 132 may be a contactor formed as a relay.
- the precharge switch 132 may be an electrical switch such as a transistor.
- the precharge circuit may further include a driving circuit (not shown) that controls the precharge switch 132 .
- the sensing circuit 140 detects a voltage of a predetermined point in the battery device 100 .
- the detection circuit 140 may detect the voltage of the positive connection terminal (DC(+)) of the battery device 100 .
- the sensing circuit 140 may include a plurality of resistors (not shown) connected in series between the positive connection terminal DC(+) and the ground terminal. In this case, the sensing circuit 140 may sense a voltage obtained by dividing the voltage of the positive connection terminal DC(+) by a plurality of resistors as the voltage of the positive connection terminal DC(+).
- the sensing circuit 140 may further include an analog-to-digital converter that converts the voltage divided by the plurality of resistors into a digital signal and transmits the converted digital signal to the processor 150 .
- the processor 150 may control the operation of the switches 121, 122, and 132. Also, the processor 150 may diagnose the pre-charge operation based on the voltage sensed by the sensing circuit 140 . In some embodiments, the processor 150 may diagnose the capacitance of the capacitor 11 based on the voltage sensed by the sensing circuit 140. In some embodiments, the processor 150 may, for example, a microcontroller ( It may be a micro controller unit (MCU).
- MCU micro controller unit
- the sensing circuit 140 and the processor 150 may be included in a battery management system (BMS) of a battery device.
- BMS battery management system
- the processor 150 when the battery device is initially driven, the processor 150 first closes the negative main switch 122 . Next, the processor 150 closes the precharge switch 132 while the negative main switch 122 is closed. Accordingly, a precharge current is supplied from the battery pack 110 to the capacitor 11 of the external device 10 through the precharge resistor 131 so that the capacitor 11 can be charged. A period in which the capacitor 11 is charged by closing the precharge switch 132 may be referred to as a precharge period.
- the processor 150 closes the positive main switch 121 to transfer the voltage of the battery pack 110 to the external device 10.
- the processor 150 may open the precharge switch 132. Accordingly, when the voltage of the battery pack 110 is supplied to the external device 10 by the voltage charged in the capacitor 11 of the external device 10 , inrush current may be prevented from being generated. Closing of the switch may be referred to as switch on, and opening of the switch may be referred to as switch off.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a diagnosis method in a battery device according to an embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of an equivalent circuit in a pre-charge period in a battery device according to an embodiment
- 5 is a diagram showing an example of voltages of positive connection terminals in a battery device according to an embodiment
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing voltage ratios according to multiples of time constants.
- the processor of the battery device closes the negative main switch (eg, 122 in FIG. 1 ) (S310 ), and then closes the precharge switch (eg, 122 in FIG. 1 ). 132 of) is closed (S320). Accordingly, the pre-charge period may start and the capacitor of the external device (eg, 11 in FIG. 1 ) may be charged.
- the processor 150 After performing the precharge operation (eg, when the precharge period ends), the processor 150 closes the positive main switch (eg, 121 of FIG. 1 ) (S340). The processor 150 may close the positive main switch 121 to apply the voltage of the battery pack 110 to the positive connection terminal DC(+). Immediately before closing the positive main switch 121 (eg, just before applying the voltage of the battery pack 110 to the positive connection terminal DC(+)), the processor 150 detects the circuit (eg, , The voltage of the positive connection terminal (eg, DC (+)) of the battery device detected by 140 in FIG. 1 is measured (S330).
- the voltage of the positive connection terminal (eg, DC (+)) of the battery device detected by 140 in FIG. 1 is measured (S330).
- the processor 150 immediately after closing the positive main switch 121 (for example, immediately after applying the voltage of the battery pack 110 to the positive connection terminal DC(+)), the processor 150 detects the circuit 140 ) measures the voltage of the positive connection terminal (DC (+)) of the detected battery device (S350). In some embodiments, the processor 150 may open the precharge switch 132 after closing the positive main switch 121 (S340).
- the processor 150 measures the voltage of the positive connection terminal (DC(+)) of the battery device measured immediately before closing the positive main switch 121 and the positive connection terminal of the battery device measured immediately after closing the positive main switch 121.
- the pre-charge operation is diagnosed based on the voltage of (DC(+)) (S360).
- the processor 150 may send a warning to an external device.
- Equation 1 the time constant ( ⁇ ) is defined as the product of the resistance value (R P ) of the precharge resistor 131 and the capacitance (C EX ) of the capacitor 11 .
- the processor 150 may set n times the time constant as the precharge period (n is a positive real number). For example, the processor 150 may set 5 times the time constant as the pre-charge period. In this case, the processor 150 may theoretically calculate the voltage (V DC ) of the positive connection terminal (DC(+)) after a pre-charge period corresponding to n times the time constant has elapsed. The theoretically calculated voltage (V DC ) of the positive connection terminal (DC(+)) may be given as a predetermined ratio of the voltage (V BAT ) of the battery pack 110 . As shown in FIG.
- the voltage (V DC ) of the positive connection terminal (DC(+)) at one time constant ( ⁇ ) corresponds to 63% of the voltage (V BAT ) of the battery pack 110,
- the voltage (V DC ) of the positive connection terminal (DC(+)) at twice the time constant (2 ⁇ ) corresponds to 86% of the voltage (V BAT ) of the battery pack 110, and is three times the time constant.
- the voltage (V DC ) of the positive connection terminal (DC(+)) at (3 ⁇ ) corresponds to 95% of the voltage (V BAT ) of the battery pack 110, and the positive electrode at 4 times the time constant (4 ⁇ )
- the voltage of the positive connection terminal DC(+) is changed to the voltage V BAT of the battery pack 110 .
- the voltage of the positive connection terminal (DC(+)) measured immediately after closing the positive main switch 121 corresponds to the voltage (V BAT ) of the battery pack 110 . Therefore, the processor 150 calculates the voltage (V DC ) of the positive connection terminal (DC(+)) just before closing the positive main switch 121 (the voltage of the capacitor 11 at the end of the pre-charge period) and the positive main The pre-charge operation can be diagnosed by comparing the voltage V BAT (voltage of the battery pack 110) of the positive connection terminal DC(+) immediately after the switch 121 is closed.
- the processor 150 calculates the voltage (V DC ) of the positive connection terminal (DC(+)) immediately before closing the positive main switch 121 and the positive connection terminal (DC (+) immediately after closing the positive main switch 121. )), the time constant can be estimated based on the voltage (V BAT ).
- V DC is the voltage of the positive connection terminal (DC (+)) immediately before closing the positive main switch 121
- V BAT is the voltage of the positive connection terminal immediately after closing the positive main switch 121.
- the processor 150 connects the positive connection terminal immediately after closing the positive main switch 121 to the voltage (V DC ) of the positive connection terminal DC(+) immediately before closing the positive main switch 121.
- the pre-charge operation can be diagnosed by comparing the ratio of the voltage (V BAT ) of (DC(+)) to the ratio corresponding to the multiple of the time constant for which the actual pre-charge period is set (hereinafter referred to as “reference ratio”).
- the processor 150 may diagnose the precharge operation as normal when the ratio calculated by the voltage of the positive connection terminal DC(+) is within an error range of the reference ratio.
- the processor 150 may diagnose the precharge operation as abnormal when the ratio calculated by the voltage of the positive connection terminal DC(+) is out of the error range of the reference ratio. That is, the processor 150 diagnoses that the positive main switch 121 may be damaged because the difference between the voltage of the capacitor 11 immediately before closing the positive main switch 121 and the voltage of the battery pack 110 is large.
- the processor 150 connects the positive connection terminal immediately after closing the positive main switch 121 to the voltage (V DC ) of the positive connection terminal DC(+) immediately before closing the positive main switch 121. It is possible to calculate how many times the precharge period is the time constant by the ratio of the voltage (V BAT ) to (DC(+)).
- the set pre-charge period may be n times the time constant, and the calculated pre-charge period may be m times the time constant (m is a positive real number).
- the processor 150 may diagnose the precharge operation as normal if m is within the error range of n. On the other hand, if m is out of the error range of n, the processor 150 may diagnose the precharge operation as abnormal.
- the processor 150 connects the positive connection terminal immediately after closing the positive main switch 121 to the voltage (V DC ) of the positive connection terminal DC(+) immediately before closing the positive main switch 121.
- the capacitance of the capacitor 11 can be estimated as a ratio of the voltage (V BAT ) to (DC(+)).
- the processor 150 outputs the positive connection terminal (DC(+)) immediately after closing the positive main switch 121 to the voltage (V DC ) of the positive connection terminal (DC(+)) immediately before closing the positive main switch 121. ) of the voltage (V BAT ), it is possible to calculate how many times the pre-charge period is the time constant.
- the processor 150 calculates the time constant as a value obtained by dividing the pre-charge period (T P ) by m (T P /m), and converts the time constant to the pre-charge resistance (
- the capacitance (T P /(m*R P )) of the capacitor 11 can be estimated by dividing the value by the resistance value (R P ) of 131).
- the processor may diagnose the precharge operation as normal.
- the processor 150 may diagnose the precharge operation as abnormal.
- the margin of error may be determined empirically.
- the pre-charge period is set to 5 times the time constant, the voltage of the battery pack 110 is 400 V, the resistance value of the pre-charge resistor 131 is 40 ⁇ , and the actual capacitance of the capacitor 11 is 1700 ⁇ F.
- the processor 150 can diagnose that the precharge operation is normal.
- the precharge period may be calculated as three times the time constant.
- the processor 150 may diagnose the precharge period as abnormal.
- the battery device may diagnose whether the precharge operation is normal by measuring the voltage of the positive connection terminal DC(+).
- the voltage of the positive connection terminal (DC(+)) is measured immediately before and immediately after the positive main switch 121 is closed, the difference between the two voltage measurement points can be minimized. That is, since two voltage measurements are performed in substantially the same environment, an error of an element related to voltage measurement is minimized, and thus a time constant or capacitance can be accurately estimated.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 외부 장치에 연결되는 양극 연결 단자와 음극 연결 단자를 가지는 배터리 장치로서,배터리 팩,상기 배터리 팩의 양극 단자와 상기 양극 연결 단자 사이에 연결되는 양극 메인 스위치,상기 배터리 팩의 양극 단자와 상기 양극 연결 단자 사이에 연결되며, 상기 외부 장치의 커패시터의 프리차지 동작을 제어하는 프리차지 스위치, 그리고프로세서를 포함하며,상기 프로세서는프리차지 기간 동안 상기 프리차지 스위치를 닫아서 프리차지를 수행하고,상기 프리차지 기간 이후에 상기 양극 메인 스위치를 닫고,상기 양극 메인 스위치를 닫기 직전의 상기 양극 연결 단자의 제1 전압과 상기 양극 메인 스위치를 닫은 직후의 상기 양극 연결 단자의 제2 전압에 기초해서 프리차지 동작을 진단하는배터리 장치.
- 제1항에서,상기 프리차지 스위치가 닫힐 때 상기 양극 단자와 상기 양극 연결 단자 사이에 연결되는 프리차지 저항을 더 포함하는, 배터리 장치.
- 제2항에서,상기 프리차지 스위치와 상기 프리차지 저항은 직렬로 연결되는, 배터리 장치.
- 제2항에서,상기 프로세서는상기 제1 전압에 대한 상기 제2 전압의 비율을 계산하고,상기 제1 전압에 대한 상기 제2 전압의 비율과 기준 비율을 비교해서 상기 프리차지 동작을 진단하는배터리 장치.
- 제4항에서,상기 프리차지 기간은 상기 프리차지 저항의 저항값과 상기 커패시터의 커패시턴스에 의해 정의되는 시정수의 배수로 설정되며,상기 기준 비율은 상기 시정수의 배수에 의해 정의되는 비율인배터리 장치.
- 제4항에서,상기 프로세서는 상기 제1 전압에 대한 상기 제2 전압의 비율의 상기 기준 비율의 오차 범위 이내에 포함되는 경우에 상기 프리차지 동작으로 정상으로 진단하는, 배터리 장치.
- 제4항에서,상기 프리차지 기간은 상기 프리차지 저항의 저항값과 상기 커패시터의 커패시턴스에 의해 정의되는 시정수의 제1 배수로 설정되며,상기 프로세서는상기 제1 전압에 대한 상기 제2 전압의 비율을 계산하고,상기 제1 전압에 대한 상기 제2 전압의 비율에 해당하는 상기 시정수의 제2 배수를 결정하고,상기 제1 배수와 상기 제2 배수를 비교하여 상기 프리차지 동작을 진단하는배터리 장치.
- 제7항에서,상기 프로세서는 상기 제2 배수가 상기 제1 배수의 오차 범위 이내에 포함되는 경우에 상기 프리차지 동작으로 정상으로 진단하는, 배터리 장치.
- 제4항에서,시정수가 상기 프리차지 저항의 저항값과 상기 커패시터의 커패시턴스에 의해 정의되고,상기 프로세서는상기 제1 전압에 대한 상기 제2 전압의 비율을 계산하고,상기 제1 전압에 대한 상기 제2 전압의 비율에 해당하는 시정수의 배수를 결정하고,상기 시정수의 배수, 상기 프리차지 기간 및 상기 프리차지 저항의 저항값에 기초해서 상기 커패시터의 커패시턴스를 추정하고,상기 추정한 커패시턴스와 상기 커패시터의 실제 커패시턴스를 비교하여 상기 프리차지 동작을 진단하는배터리 장치.
- 제9항에서,상기 프로세서는 상기 추정한 커패시턴스가 상기 실제 커패시턴스의 오차 범위 이내에 포함되는 경우에 상기 프리차지 동작을 정상으로 진단하는, 배터리 장치.
- 배터리 팩 및 외부 장치에 연결되는 양극 연결 단자와 음극 연결 단자를 포함하는 배터리 장치의 진단 방법으로서,프리차지 저항을 통해 상기 양극 연결 단자와 상기 음극 연결 단자에 연결되는 커패시터를 프리차지하는 프리차지 동작을 수행하는 단계,상기 프리차지 동작을 수행한 후에, 상기 양극 연결 단자에 상기 배터리 팩의 전압을 인가하는 단계,상기 배터리 팩의 전압을 인가하기 직전에 상기 양극 연결 단자의 전압을 제1 전압으로 측정하는 단계,상기 배터리 팩의 전압을 인가한 직후에 상기 양극 연결 단자의 전압을 제2 전압으로 측정하는 단계, 그리고상기 제1 전압 및 상기 제2 전압에 기초해서 상기 프리차지 동작을 진단하는 단계를 포함하는 진단 방법.
- 제11항에서,상기 프리차지 동작을 진단하는 단계는상기 제1 전압에 대한 상기 제2 전압의 비율을 계산하는 단계, 그리고상기 제1 전압에 대한 상기 제2 전압의 비율과 기준 비율을 비교해서 상기 프리차지 동작을 진단하는 단계를 포함하는 진단 방법.
- 제11항에서,상기 프리차지 기간은 상기 프리차지 저항의 저항값과 상기 커패시터의 커패시턴스에 의해 정의되는 시정수의 제1 배수로 설정되며,상기 프리차지 동작을 진단하는 단계는상기 제1 전압에 대한 상기 제2 전압의 비율을 계산하는 단계,상기 제1 전압에 대한 상기 제2 전압의 비율에 해당하는 상기 시정수의 제2 배수를 결정하는 단계, 그리고상기 제1 배수와 상기 제2 배수를 비교하여 상기 프리차지 동작을 진단하는 단계를 포함하는진단 방법.
- 제11항에서,시정수가 상기 프리차지 저항의 저항값과 상기 커패시터의 커패시턴스에 의해 정의되고,상기 프리차지 동작을 진단하는 단계는상기 제1 전압에 대한 상기 제2 전압의 비율을 계산하는 단계,상기 제1 전압에 대한 상기 제2 전압의 비율에 해당하는 시정수의 배수를 결정하는 단계,시정수의 배수, 상기 프리차지 기간 및 상기 프리차지 저항의 저항값에 기초해서 상기 커패시터의 커패시턴스를 추정하는 단계, 그리고상기 추정한 커패시턴스와 상기 커패시터의 실제 커패시턴스를 비교하여 상기 프리차지 동작을 진단하는 단계를 포함하는 진단 방법.
- 배터리 팩 및 외부 장치에 연결되는 양극 연결 단자와 음극 연결 단자를 포함하는 배터리 장치의 배터리 관리 시스템으로서,상기 배터리 팩의 양극 단자와 상기 양극 연결 단자 사이에 연결되는 양극 메인 스위치,상기 배터리 팩의 양극 단자와 상기 양극 연결 단자 사이에 연결되며, 상기 외부 장치의 커패시터의 프리차지 동작을 제어하는 프리차지 스위치, 그리고프로세서를 포함하며,상기 프로세서는프리차지 기간 동안 상기 프리차지 스위치를 닫아서 프리차지를 수행하고,상기 프리차지 기간 이후에 상기 양극 메인 스위치를 닫고,상기 양극 메인 스위치를 닫기 직전의 상기 양극 연결 단자의 제1 전압과 상기 양극 메인 스위치를 닫은 직후의 상기 양극 연결 단자의 제2 전압에 기초해서 프리차지 동작을 진단하는배터리 관리 시스템.
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