WO2023071326A1 - 故障定位方法、设备及光网络系统 - Google Patents

故障定位方法、设备及光网络系统 Download PDF

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WO2023071326A1
WO2023071326A1 PCT/CN2022/107517 CN2022107517W WO2023071326A1 WO 2023071326 A1 WO2023071326 A1 WO 2023071326A1 CN 2022107517 W CN2022107517 W CN 2022107517W WO 2023071326 A1 WO2023071326 A1 WO 2023071326A1
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electrical signal
received electrical
communication device
noise
signal
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PCT/CN2022/107517
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郑建宇
林友熙
陈健
高士民
田雨
谭健思
王东林
尚冬冬
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2023071326A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023071326A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
    • H04B10/071—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using a reflected signal, e.g. using optical time domain reflectometers [OTDR]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
    • H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
    • H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/40—Transceivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/80—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/80—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water
    • H04B10/85—Protection from unauthorised access, e.g. eavesdrop protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
    • H04B17/15—Performance testing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
    • H04B17/29—Performance testing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
    • H04L41/0677—Localisation of faults
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of optical networks, and in particular to a fault location method, equipment and an optical network system.
  • Every communication device includes an optical module.
  • the optical module of a communication device is used to convert the data to be transmitted on the communication device into an optical signal and then transmit it to the optical module of another communication device through an optical fiber link, so as to realize data transmission in the optical network system.
  • the optical modules in communication equipment can only monitor whether their own optical network components are faulty, and send an alarm after the optical network components fail, and the scope of fault location is limited.
  • the present application provides a fault location method, equipment and optical network system, which can solve the problem of limited range of fault location in the current optical network system.
  • a fault location method applied to an optical network system includes a first communication device and a second communication device.
  • the first communication device is connected to the second communication device through an optical fiber link.
  • the method can be applied to the management device, the optical transmission device in the first communication device, or the network device in the first communication device.
  • the method includes acquiring a signal quality of a received electrical signal on a first communication device.
  • the received electrical signal is an electrical signal obtained by converting the optical signal received by the first communication device from the second communication device through the optical fiber link.
  • the optical network is determined according to the power spectral density (power spectral density, PSD) of the received electrical signal at multiple times and the noise characteristics of the received electrical signal at multiple times respectively. Faulty components in the system and the cause of the fault.
  • the faulty component includes an optical network component in the first communication device, an optical network component in the second communication device, or an optical fiber link.
  • the electrical signals obtained by converting all optical signals received by the first communication device from the second communication device through the optical fiber link are called received electrical signals, and the received electrical signals do not specifically refer to electrical signals at a certain moment .
  • the above multiple times are multiple times after it is determined that the signal quality of the received electrical signal is lower than the signal quality threshold.
  • This application realizes the fault location of the entire link of the optical network system by analyzing the signal characteristics of the received electrical signal. In this process, there is no need to perform fault detection on the optical fiber link separately, and the fault location efficiency is high, which is helpful for the operation of the optical network system. dimension management. And the whole process does not require manual intervention, which can reduce operation and maintenance costs.
  • the signal quality of the received electrical signal is lower than the signal quality threshold, including: the bit error rate of the received electrical signal is greater than or equal to the bit error rate threshold, and/or, the signal-to-noise ratio of the received electrical signal is less than or equal to the signal-to-noise ratio threshold. That is, the signal quality threshold includes a bit error rate threshold and/or a signal-to-noise ratio threshold.
  • the implementation process of determining the faulty component and the cause of the fault in the optical network system includes: according to the received electrical signal at For the PSD at each time in the multiple time points, K frequency spectrum intensities corresponding to K frequency values are respectively obtained, K is a positive integer greater than 1, and the K frequency values are all less than the low frequency threshold. It is judged whether there is at least one target time among the plurality of time points, the K spectrum intensities corresponding to the target time point satisfy the preset condition, and the noise of the received electrical signal at the target time point is positively correlated with the level order.
  • the component includes a fiber optic link, and the cause of the failure includes multipath interference on the fiber optic link.
  • one frequency value corresponds to multiple spectrum intensities at multiple moments.
  • the spectrum intensity of a frequency value fluctuates at multiple moments, which means that the frequency spectrum intensity corresponding to the frequency value fluctuates at multiple moments.
  • the preset condition includes: the absolute value of the difference between two spectral intensities among the K spectral intensities corresponding to the target moment is greater than the spectral intensity threshold, or the peak-to-average ratio corresponding to the target moment is greater than the peak-to-average ratio threshold.
  • the peak-to-average ratio corresponding to the target time is the ratio of the maximum value among the K spectral intensities corresponding to the target time to the average value of the K spectral intensities.
  • the above method further includes: determining N power ranges of the received electrical signal.
  • N is the number of level types of the received electric signal.
  • the power value corresponding to any symbol of the received electrical signal belongs to one of the N power ranges.
  • Each of the N power ranges corresponds to a noise parameter at each time instant.
  • the noise parameter is related to the noise of each symbol in the corresponding power range at the corresponding time.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal at the target time is positively correlated with the level order, including: the noise parameter corresponding to the first power range at the target time is greater than the noise parameter corresponding to the second power range at the target time, the first power range and the second power
  • the ranges are two power ranges in the N power ranges, and the power value corresponding to the first power range is greater than the power value corresponding to the second power range.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal at multiple moments fluctuates, including: the amount of change between noise parameters corresponding to at least one power range of the N power ranges at multiple moments exceeds the second change threshold.
  • the noise parameter corresponding to the power range at a moment is one of variance, mean square error, standard deviation, or mean square error of M symbol noises corresponding to the power range at a moment.
  • the noise of M symbols is the difference between the M power values corresponding to the M symbols included in the power range at a time and the preset threshold, and M is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • the cause of the fault includes an abnormal output voltage of the power supply component. Further, non-linear equalization processing is performed on the received electrical signal.
  • the faulty component When the noise of the received electrical signal processed by nonlinear equalization is reduced, it is determined that the faulty component also includes the laser in the transmitter of the second communication device and/or the transimpedance amplifier in the receiver of the first communication device, and the cause of the fault also includes The chirp of the laser is too large and/or the gain output voltage of the transimpedance amplifier is saturated.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal processed by nonlinear equalization is not reduced, it is determined that the faulty component also includes a laser in the transmitter of the second communication device, and the fault cause includes an abnormal relative intensity noise value of the laser.
  • the PSD of the received electrical signal satisfies the low-frequency lift-off
  • the noise of the received electrical signal is positively correlated with the level order.
  • the PSD of the received electrical signal satisfies the low-frequency lift.
  • MPI multi-path interference
  • Level-dependent noise can be non-linear noise due to excessive chirp of the laser in the transmitter and/or saturation of the gain output voltage of the transimpedance amplifier in the receiver, or it can be due to relative intensity noise of the laser in the transmitter (relative intensity noise, RIN)
  • the intrinsic noise of the light source caused by the abnormal value. Since the intrinsic noise of the light source cannot be eliminated by nonlinear equalization, the received electrical signal can be subjected to nonlinear equalization to further clarify the type of noise.
  • the noise reduction of the received electrical signal processed by nonlinear equalization indicates that there is nonlinear noise in the received electrical signal, and then the processing unit can determine that the faulty component includes the laser in the transmitter and/or the transimpedance amplifier in the receiver.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal after nonlinear equalization processing is not reduced, indicating that there is no nonlinear noise in the received electrical signal. It is further inferred that the level-dependent noise in the received electrical signal may be the intrinsic noise of the laser light source, and then the processing unit can determine the fault Parts include the laser in the transmitter.
  • the cause of the failure includes an abnormal output voltage of the power supply component.
  • the K spectral intensities corresponding to at least one of the multiple moments of the received electrical signal meet the preset conditions, that is, the PSD of the received electrical signal meets the low-frequency lift-up. After excluding the cause of the MPI on the optical fiber link, it can be suspected that it is The output voltage of the power supply component in the communication device on the receiving side is abnormal.
  • determining the faulty component includes For the transimpedance amplifier and/or the photodetector in the receiver of the first communication device, the fault causes include abnormal noise of the transimpedance amplifier and/or abnormal noise of the photodetector.
  • the received electrical signal is non-destructively Linear equalization processing.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal processed by nonlinear equalization is reduced, it is determined that the faulty component includes the laser in the transmitter of the second communication device and/or the transimpedance amplifier in the receiver of the first communication device, and the cause of the fault includes the laser The chirp is too large and/or the gain of the transimpedance amplifier saturates the output voltage.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal processed by the nonlinear equalization is not reduced, it is determined that the faulty component includes a laser in the transmitter of the second communication device, and the fault cause includes an abnormal relative intensity noise value of the laser.
  • the above method further includes: outputting a fault analysis report, where the fault analysis report includes fault components and fault causes.
  • outputting the fault analysis report can be understood as sending the fault analysis report to the management device, so that the management device can display the fault analysis report.
  • the network device has a display function, the network device can also display the fault analysis report.
  • outputting the fault analysis report can be understood as displaying the fault analysis report.
  • the first communication device includes a first optical transmission device
  • the second communication device includes a second optical transmission device.
  • the above method further includes: after determining that the value of the characteristic parameter of the first optical transmission device and/or the value of the characteristic parameter of the second optical transmission device are normal, judging whether the signal quality of the received electrical signal is lower than the signal quality threshold.
  • the present application may first judge whether the value of the characteristic parameter of the optical transmission device of the communication device on the receiving side and/or the communication device on the sending side is normal, so as to troubleshoot the optical network system. Part of the hardware failure. When the values of all characteristic parameters reflect the normal working status of the corresponding optical network components, then judge whether the signal quality of the received electrical signal is lower than the signal quality threshold, so that some hardware failures in the optical network system can be ruled out. The impact of the signal quality of the signal to improve the accuracy of subsequent fault location.
  • a communication device in a second aspect, includes a processing unit configured to acquire a signal quality of a received electrical signal on the first communication device.
  • the received electrical signal is an electrical signal obtained by converting the optical signal received by the first communication device from the second communication device through the optical fiber link.
  • the signal quality of the received electrical signal is lower than the signal quality threshold, according to the PSD of the received electrical signal at multiple times and the noise characteristics of the received electrical signal at multiple times respectively, the faulty component and the cause of the fault in the optical network system are determined.
  • the faulty component includes an optical network component in the first communication device, an optical network component in the second communication device, or an optical fiber link.
  • the signal quality of the received electrical signal is lower than the signal quality threshold, including: the bit error rate of the received electrical signal is greater than or equal to the bit error rate threshold, and/or, the signal-to-noise ratio of the received electrical signal is less than or equal to the signal-to-noise ratio threshold.
  • the processing unit is configured to: obtain K frequency spectrum intensities respectively corresponding to K frequency values according to the PSD at each time of the received electrical signal, K is a positive integer greater than 1, and K frequency values are less than the low frequency threshold. It is judged whether there is at least one target time among the plurality of time points, the K spectrum intensities corresponding to the target time point satisfy the preset condition, and the noise of the received electrical signal at the target time point is positively correlated with the level order.
  • the fault includes a fiber optic link
  • the cause of the failure includes multipath interference on the fiber optic link.
  • the preset condition includes: the absolute value of the difference between two spectral intensities among the K spectral intensities corresponding to the target moment is greater than the spectral intensity threshold, or the peak-to-average ratio corresponding to the target moment is greater than the peak-to-average ratio threshold.
  • the peak-to-average ratio corresponding to the target time is the ratio of the maximum value among the K spectral intensities corresponding to the target time to the average value of the K spectral intensities.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: determine N power ranges of the received electrical signal.
  • N is the number of level types of the received electric signal.
  • the power value corresponding to any symbol of the received electrical signal belongs to one of the N power ranges.
  • Each of the N power ranges corresponds to a noise parameter at each time instant.
  • the noise parameter is related to the noise of each symbol in the corresponding power range at the corresponding time.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal at the target time is positively correlated with the level order, including: the noise parameter corresponding to the first power range at the target time is greater than the noise parameter corresponding to the second power range at the target time, the first power range and the second power
  • the ranges are two power ranges in the N power ranges, and the power value corresponding to the first power range is greater than the power value corresponding to the second power range.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal at multiple moments fluctuates, including: the amount of change between noise parameters corresponding to at least one power range of the N power ranges at multiple moments exceeds the second change threshold.
  • the noise parameter corresponding to the power range at a moment is one of variance, mean square error, standard deviation, or mean square error of M symbol noises corresponding to the power range at a moment.
  • the noise of M symbols is the difference between the M power values corresponding to the M symbols included in the power range at a time and the preset threshold, and M is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: when there is a target time at multiple time points, and there is no fluctuation in the spectrum intensity of all frequency values among the K frequency values at multiple time points and/or the received electrical signal is at multiple time points When there is no fluctuation in the noise at a moment, it is determined that the faulty component includes a power supply component in the first communication device, and the cause of the fault includes an abnormal output voltage of the power supply component. Further, non-linear equalization processing is performed on the received electrical signal.
  • the faulty component When the noise of the received electrical signal processed by nonlinear equalization is reduced, it is determined that the faulty component also includes the laser in the transmitter of the second communication device and/or the transimpedance amplifier in the receiver of the first communication device, and the cause of the fault also includes The chirp of the laser is too large and/or the gain output voltage of the transimpedance amplifier is saturated.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal processed by nonlinear equalization is not reduced, it is determined that the faulty component also includes the laser in the transmitter of the second communication device, and the fault cause includes an abnormal relative intensity noise value of the laser.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: when the K frequency spectrum intensities corresponding to at least one of the multiple moments of the received electrical signal meet a preset condition, and the noise of the received electrical signal at at least one of the moments is different from the order of the level
  • the processing unit is further configured to: when the K frequency spectrum intensities corresponding to at least one of the multiple moments of the received electrical signal meet a preset condition, and the noise of the received electrical signal at at least one of the moments is different from the order of the level
  • the processing unit is further configured to: when the K frequency spectrum intensities corresponding to at least one of the multiple moments of the received electrical signal meet a preset condition, and the noise of the received electrical signal at at least one of the moments is different from the order of the level
  • the processing unit is also used for: when the K spectral intensities corresponding to the received electrical signal at each moment do not meet the preset conditions, and the noise of the received electrical signal at multiple moments is not positive to the level order
  • the processing unit is also used for: when the K spectral intensities corresponding to the received electrical signal at each moment do not meet the preset conditions, and the noise of the received electrical signal at multiple moments is not positive to the level order
  • the faulty component includes a transimpedance amplifier and/or a photodetector in the receiver of the first communication device, and the cause of the fault includes abnormal noise of the transimpedance amplifier and/or abnormal noise of the photodetector.
  • the processing unit is also used for: when the K spectral intensities corresponding to the received electrical signal at each moment do not meet the preset conditions, and the noise of the received electrical signal at multiple moments is positively correlated with the level order , to perform nonlinear equalization processing on the received electrical signal.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal processed by nonlinear equalization is reduced, it is determined that the faulty component includes the laser in the transmitter of the second communication device and/or the transimpedance amplifier in the receiver of the first communication device, and the cause of the fault includes the laser The chirp is too large and/or the gain of the transimpedance amplifier saturates the output voltage.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal processed by the nonlinear equalization is not reduced, it is determined that the faulty component includes a laser in the transmitter of the second communication device, and the fault cause includes an abnormal relative intensity noise value of the laser.
  • the communication device further includes a sending unit, configured to send a fault analysis report to the management device, the fault analysis report including faulty components and fault causes in the optical network system where the communication device is located.
  • a sending unit configured to send a fault analysis report to the management device, the fault analysis report including faulty components and fault causes in the optical network system where the communication device is located.
  • a management device in a third aspect, includes a receiving unit and a processing unit.
  • the receiving unit is used to receive the signal quality of the received electrical signal sent by the first communication device in the optical network system, and the received electrical signal is received by the first communication device through the optical fiber link from the second communication device in the optical network system
  • the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal.
  • the processing unit is used to determine the fault in the optical network system according to the PSD of the received electrical signal at multiple times and the noise characteristics of the received electrical signal at multiple times when the signal quality of the received electrical signal is lower than the signal quality threshold Components and causes of failure.
  • the faulty component includes an optical network component in the first communication device, an optical network component in the second communication device, or an optical fiber link.
  • the signal quality of the received electrical signal is lower than the signal quality threshold, including: the bit error rate of the received electrical signal is greater than or equal to the bit error rate threshold, and/or, the signal-to-noise ratio of the received electrical signal is less than or equal to the signal-to-noise ratio threshold.
  • the processing unit is configured to: obtain K frequency spectrum intensities respectively corresponding to K frequency values according to the PSD at each time of the received electrical signal, K is a positive integer greater than 1, and K frequency values are less than the low frequency threshold. It is judged whether there is at least one target time among the plurality of time points, the K spectrum intensities corresponding to the target time point satisfy the preset condition, and the noise of the received electrical signal at the target time point is positively correlated with the level order.
  • the fault includes a fiber optic link
  • the cause of the failure includes multipath interference on the fiber optic link.
  • the preset condition includes: the absolute value of the difference between two spectral intensities among the K spectral intensities corresponding to the target moment is greater than the spectral intensity threshold, or the peak-to-average ratio corresponding to the target moment is greater than the peak-to-average ratio threshold.
  • the peak-to-average ratio corresponding to the target time is the ratio of the maximum value among the K spectral intensities corresponding to the target time to the average value of the K spectral intensities.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: determine N power ranges of the received electrical signal.
  • N is the number of level types of received electrical signals.
  • the power value corresponding to any symbol of the received electrical signal belongs to one of the N power ranges.
  • Each of the N power ranges corresponds to a noise parameter at each time instant.
  • the noise parameter is related to the noise of each symbol in the corresponding power range at the corresponding time.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal at the target time is positively correlated with the level order, including: the noise parameter corresponding to the first power range at the target time is greater than the noise parameter corresponding to the second power range at the target time, the first power range and the second power
  • the ranges are two power ranges in the N power ranges, and the power value corresponding to the first power range is greater than the power value corresponding to the second power range.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal at multiple moments fluctuates, including: the amount of change between noise parameters corresponding to at least one power range of the N power ranges at multiple moments exceeds the second change threshold.
  • the noise parameter corresponding to the power range at a moment is one of variance, mean square error, standard deviation, or mean square error of M symbol noises corresponding to the power range at a moment.
  • the noise of M symbols is the difference between the M power values corresponding to the M symbols included in the power range at a time and the preset threshold, and M is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: when there is a target time at multiple time points, and there is no fluctuation in the spectrum intensity of all frequency values among the K frequency values at multiple time points and/or the received electrical signal is at multiple time points When there is no fluctuation in the noise at a moment, it is determined that the faulty component includes a power supply component in the first communication device, and the cause of the fault includes an abnormal output voltage of the power supply component. Further, non-linear equalization processing is performed on the received electrical signal.
  • the faulty component When the noise of the received electrical signal processed by nonlinear equalization is reduced, it is determined that the faulty component also includes the laser in the transmitter of the second communication device and/or the transimpedance amplifier in the receiver of the first communication device, and the cause of the fault also includes The chirp of the laser is too large and/or the gain output voltage of the transimpedance amplifier is saturated.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal processed by nonlinear equalization is not reduced, it is determined that the faulty component also includes a laser in the transmitter of the second communication device, and the fault cause includes an abnormal relative intensity noise value of the laser.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: when the K frequency spectrum intensities corresponding to at least one of the multiple moments of the received electrical signal meet a preset condition, and the noise of the received electrical signal at at least one of the moments is different from the order of the level
  • the processing unit is further configured to: when the K frequency spectrum intensities corresponding to at least one of the multiple moments of the received electrical signal meet a preset condition, and the noise of the received electrical signal at at least one of the moments is different from the order of the level
  • the processing unit is further configured to: when the K frequency spectrum intensities corresponding to at least one of the multiple moments of the received electrical signal meet a preset condition, and the noise of the received electrical signal at at least one of the moments is different from the order of the level
  • the processing unit is also used for: when the K spectral intensities corresponding to the received electrical signal at each moment do not meet the preset conditions, and the noise of the received electrical signal at multiple moments is not positive to the level order
  • the processing unit is also used for: when the K spectral intensities corresponding to the received electrical signal at each moment do not meet the preset conditions, and the noise of the received electrical signal at multiple moments is not positive to the level order
  • the faulty component includes a transimpedance amplifier and/or a photodetector in the receiver of the first communication device, and the cause of the fault includes abnormal noise of the transimpedance amplifier and/or abnormal noise of the photodetector.
  • the processing unit is also used for: when the K spectral intensities corresponding to the received electrical signal at each moment do not meet the preset conditions, and the noise of the received electrical signal at multiple moments is positively correlated with the level order , to perform nonlinear equalization processing on the received electrical signal.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal processed by nonlinear equalization is reduced, it is determined that the faulty component includes the laser in the transmitter of the second communication device and/or the transimpedance amplifier in the receiver of the first communication device, and the cause of the fault includes the laser The chirp is too large and/or the gain of the transimpedance amplifier saturates the output voltage.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal processed by the nonlinear equalization is not reduced, it is determined that the faulty component includes a laser in the transmitter of the second communication device, and the fault cause includes an abnormal relative intensity noise value of the laser.
  • the management device further includes a display unit.
  • the display unit is used for displaying a fault analysis report, and the fault analysis report includes fault components and fault causes in the optical network system.
  • an optical network system including a management device and a communication device.
  • the communication device is used to send the signal quality of the received electrical signal to the management device, and the received electrical signal is an electrical signal obtained by the communication device converting an optical signal received from another communication device through an optical fiber link.
  • the management device includes the management device described in any one of the third aspect.
  • a computer-readable storage medium where instructions are stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the instructions are executed by a processor, the method described in the above-mentioned first aspect and any implementation thereof is implemented .
  • a sixth aspect provides a computer program product, including a computer program.
  • the computer program is executed by a processor, the method described in the above first aspect and any implementation manner thereof is implemented.
  • a chip in a seventh aspect, includes a programmable logic circuit and/or program instructions, and when the chip is running, implements the method described in the above first aspect and any implementation thereof.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical network system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a fault location method provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an implementation process for determining faulty components and fault causes in an optical network system provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a PSD of receiving electrical signals at multiple moments provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a management device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • optical network systems With the advent of the fifth generation wireless communications (5G) era and the rapid growth of various services such as video, games, and smart terminals, the scale of optical network systems continues to expand. In order to ensure the service reliability and stability of the optical network system, daily operation and maintenance management is required. At present, the operation and maintenance management of optical network systems mainly revolves around system resource monitoring and fault location. The implementation of this operation and maintenance management is to locate the fault through the characteristic parameters fed back by the optical fiber monitoring device or the optical module monitoring device when the optical network system fails, and then realize the troubleshooting.
  • An optical network system includes a plurality of communication devices. Every communication device includes an optical module. The optical modules in the two communication devices are connected through an optical fiber link, so as to realize the communication between the two communication devices.
  • an optical module in a communication device can monitor whether its own optical network components fail, and send an alarm when the optical network components fail.
  • an optical module monitoring device may be integrated in the optical module.
  • the optical module monitoring device mainly includes a data acquisition module and a data processing module.
  • the data acquisition module is used to read the characteristic parameters of the optical module through the digital diagnostic monitoring (DDM) interface, including the real-time operating temperature, operating voltage, operating current, transmitting optical power and receiving optical power of the optical module.
  • the data acquisition module transmits the read characteristic parameters of the optical module to the data processing module.
  • DDM digital diagnostic monitoring
  • the data processing module is used to process, analyze and compare the characteristic parameters of the optical module, and when the value of the characteristic parameter exceeds the alarm threshold, it will send an alarm to the network device in the communication device where the optical module is located, so as to indicate that the corresponding optical network component has occurred Fault.
  • the optical network component may also be referred to as an optical sub-assembly (OSA).
  • optical fiber monitoring devices are usually implemented using an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR).
  • OTDR uses the optical fiber link as a sensor, based on optical effects such as light interference, Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering or Brillouin scattering in the optical fiber link, and uses optical time domain reflection technology to realize the physical quantities around the optical fiber link (such as vibration, Stress, temperature, structural damage, etc.) measurement, analysis, monitoring and positioning to obtain link status information of optical fiber links.
  • the link status information includes, but is not limited to, one or more of fiber link length, stress on the fiber link, break point information, insertion loss, reflection information, or environmental information.
  • the breakpoint information reflects whether there is a breakpoint on the optical fiber link and the location of the breakpoint.
  • Insertion loss refers to the signal loss caused by inserting cables or components between the transmitter and receiver, usually referring to attenuation. Insertion loss is expressed in decibels relative to the received signal level.
  • the reflection information reflects the number of reflection points on the fiber link, the position of the reflection points, and the magnitude of the reflection.
  • the environmental information includes the temperature of the environment where the optical fiber link is located and the vibration amplitude of the optical fiber link.
  • the full link includes the communication equipment on the sending side, the optical fiber link and the communication equipment on the receiving side.
  • the present application proposes a fault location method for an optical network system.
  • the signal quality of the received electrical signal on the receiving side communication device is lower than the signal quality threshold, according to the PSD of the received electrical signal at multiple times and the noise characteristics of the received electrical signal at multiple times, determine the The faulty part and the cause of the fault.
  • the faulty component includes an optical network component in the communication device on the receiving side, an optical network component in the communication device on the sending side, or an optical fiber link connecting the communication device on the sending side and the communication device on the receiving side.
  • the received electrical signal is an electrical signal obtained by converting the optical signal received from the transmitting-side communication device through the optical fiber link by the receiving-side communication device.
  • the electrical signals obtained by converting all the optical signals received by the communication equipment on the receiving side from the communication equipment on the sending side through the optical fiber link are referred to as received electrical signals, and the received electrical signals do not specifically refer to a certain time signal.
  • the received electrical signal refers to a continuous electrical signal obtained by performing photoelectric conversion on the continuously received optical signal. The above multiple times are multiple times after the signal quality of the received electrical signal is lower than the signal quality threshold.
  • PSD and noise characteristics of the received electrical signal at multiple times after time T0 may be acquired for fault location.
  • This application realizes the fault location of the entire link of the optical network system by analyzing the signal characteristics of the received electrical signal. In this process, there is no need to perform fault detection on the optical fiber link separately, and the fault location efficiency is high, which is helpful for the operation of the optical network system. dimension management. And the whole process does not require manual intervention, which can reduce operation and maintenance costs.
  • optical network system involved in the embodiment of the present application is introduced below.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical network system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical network system includes a first communication device 01 , a second communication device 02 and an optical fiber link 03 .
  • Each communication device includes optical transmission means and network equipment.
  • the first communication device 01 includes a first optical transmission device 011 and a first network device 012 .
  • the second communication device 02 includes a second optical transmission device 021 and a second network device 022 .
  • the first optical transmission device 011 and the second optical transmission device 021 are connected through an optical fiber link 03 .
  • the network device may be a forwarding device such as a router, a switch, or a gateway.
  • the optical transmission device is an independent optical module.
  • the communication device includes a network device and an optical module.
  • One or more single boards are set in the network equipment. Each single board includes a processor and multiple ports. One end of an optical module is inserted into a port on the board, and the other end is connected to an optical fiber.
  • the optical transmission device is integrated in the network equipment.
  • the communication device refers to a network device integrated with an optical transmission device.
  • the optical transmission device may be integrated on a single board of the network device.
  • a single board includes but is not limited to a service board, a line card, and a line processing unit.
  • the optical transmission device is taken as an independent optical module as an example for schematic illustration.
  • Optical transmission devices include transmitters and receivers. There can be one or more transmitters in an optical transmission device. There can be one or more receivers in an optical transmission device. Wherein, the transmitter is used for transmitting optical signals, and the receiver is used for receiving optical signals.
  • the transmitter (not directly shown in FIG. 1 ) may include a driver (driver, DRV) and a laser. Lasers can be used as electronics to optics conversion (E/O) to convert electrical signals to optical signals.
  • the receiver (not directly shown in FIG. 1 ) may include a photodetector (photodetector, PD) and a transimpedance amplifier (trans-impedance amplifier, TIA). Photodetectors can be used as optics to electronics conversion (O/E) to convert optical signals into electrical signals.
  • the optical fiber link 03 includes one or more optical fibers, that is, the first optical transmission device 011 and the second optical transmission device 021 may be connected by one or more optical fibers.
  • the optical fiber link 03 includes an optical fiber 031 and an optical fiber 032 .
  • the transmitter of the first optical transmission device 011 is connected to the receiver of the second optical transmission device 021 through an optical fiber 031, and the receiver of the first optical transmission device 011 and the transmitter of the second optical transmission device 021 are connected through an optical fiber 032 connect.
  • the transmitter of the first optical transmission device 011 is used to transmit an optical signal to the receiver of the second optical transmission device 021 through the optical fiber 031, and the receiver of the first optical transmission device 011 is used to receive signals from the second optical transmission device through the optical fiber 032.
  • the transmitter of the second optical transmission device 021 is used to transmit an optical signal to the receiver of the first optical transmission device 011 through the optical fiber 032, and the receiver of the second optical transmission device 021 is used to receive the transmission from the first optical transmission device 011 through the optical fiber 031
  • the transmitter of the first optical transmission device 011 and the receiver of the second optical transmission device 021 and the receiver of the first optical transmission device 011 and the transmitter of the second optical transmission device 021 are connected through the same optical fiber .
  • This embodiment of the present application does not limit it.
  • the optical transmission device also includes a signal processing unit and a feature extraction unit.
  • the signal processing unit may be a digital signal processor (digital signal processor, DSP).
  • the signal processing unit is used for analyzing and processing the electric signal.
  • the feature extraction unit is used to obtain link performance information of the optical fiber link according to the received electrical signal converted from the optical signal received through the optical fiber link.
  • the link performance information includes but is not limited to one or more of pre-correction/post-correction bit error rate (BER), signal to noise ratio (signal to noise ratio, SNR), and MPI-related features.
  • the MPI-related features include PSD and noise features of the received electrical signal.
  • the feature extraction unit is further configured to extract a value of a feature parameter of the local optical transmission device.
  • the characteristic parameters of the optical transmission device include but are not limited to the transmitted optical power, received optical power, module temperature, power supply voltage and laser bias current of the optical transmission device.
  • the signal processing unit and the feature extraction unit can be two independent units, or can also be integrated together.
  • the optical transmission device further includes a processing unit.
  • the processing unit is configured to execute the fault location method provided by the embodiment of the present application according to the information extracted by the feature extraction unit. For example, the processing unit can judge whether there is a fault in the optical network system according to the bit error rate and/or signal-to-noise ratio of the received electrical signal, and determine whether the optical network system is faulty according to the PSD and noise characteristics of the received electrical signal after determining that the optical network system is faulty. The faulty part and the cause of the fault.
  • the processing unit in the optical transmission device may be an independent unit, or may also be integrated with a signal processing unit or a microcontroller unit (microcontroller unit, MCU) (not shown in FIG.
  • the processing unit in the communication equipment can be deployed in the network equipment as well as the optical transmission device. It is worth noting that the processing unit in the communication device is not necessary. For example, in some application scenarios, the communication device does not need to use a processing unit to process and analyze the information extracted by the feature extraction unit, but directly sends the information extracted by the feature extraction unit to the management device. The processing unit is deployed in the device.
  • the optical transmission device further includes an auxiliary channel modulation unit (not shown in FIG. 1 ) and an auxiliary channel demodulation unit (not shown in FIG. 1 ).
  • the auxiliary channel modulation unit is used to modulate non-service signals such as management information, control information, and characteristic parameters other than service signals.
  • the auxiliary channel demodulation unit is used to demodulate non-service signals. Based on the auxiliary channel modulation unit in the first optical transmission device 011 and the auxiliary channel demodulation unit in the second optical transmission device 021, an auxiliary channel can be implemented for the first optical transmission device 011 to transmit non- business signal.
  • auxiliary channel modulation unit in the second optical transmission device 021 based on the auxiliary channel modulation unit in the second optical transmission device 021 and the auxiliary channel demodulation unit in the first optical transmission device 011, another auxiliary channel can be realized for the second optical transmission device 021 to transmit Device 011 transmits non-traffic signals.
  • the auxiliary channel modulation unit and the auxiliary channel demodulation unit in an optical transmission device may be the same unit (called auxiliary channel modulation/demodulation unit), or may be different units.
  • the auxiliary channel between two optical transmission devices is implemented based on an optical fiber link connecting the two optical transmission devices.
  • the auxiliary channel between the first optical transmission device 011 and the second optical transmission device 012 is implemented based on the optical fiber link 03 . That is, the auxiliary channel and the traffic channel may share the same physical link.
  • the auxiliary channel between two optical transmission devices may be any communication channel capable of transmitting non-service signals between two communication devices.
  • the auxiliary channel modulation/demodulation unit can implement the auxiliary channel by using top-tuning technology, for example, the auxiliary channel can be realized by using light sensor (light sensor, LS) top-tuning technology, and the specific modulation methods include amplitude modulation/amplitude demodulation, Phase modulation/phase demodulation, etc.
  • the auxiliary channel modulation unit may use the top tuning technology to modulate the non-traffic signal on the traffic signal for transmission, that is, modulate the non-traffic signal into a top tuning signal.
  • the auxiliary channel demodulation unit demodulates the received tune-up signal to obtain a non-service signal. In this implementation manner, non-service signals and service signals coexist during transmission.
  • the auxiliary channel modulation/demodulation unit may also implement the auxiliary channel by using a frame insertion technology, for example, may implement the auxiliary channel by using a forward error correction (forward error correction, FEC) frame insertion manner.
  • FEC forward error correction
  • the auxiliary channel modulating unit may insert the non-traffic signal into the idle frame byte of the traffic signal (for example, the reserved byte of the FEC frame header) by using the frame insertion technology for transmission.
  • the auxiliary channel demodulation unit extracts and demodulates corresponding bytes in the received signal to obtain a non-service signal. In this implementation manner, non-service signals and service signals do not interfere with each other during transmission.
  • the auxiliary channel modulation unit may insert the non-service signal into the reserved field of the training sequence frame by using the frame insertion technology for transmission.
  • the auxiliary channel demodulation unit demodulates the reserved field of the received training sequence frame to obtain the non-traffic signal.
  • the training sequence frame is usually transmitted before the transmission of the service signal.
  • the auxiliary channel modulation/demodulation unit may also use a link layer discovery protocol (Link Layer Discovery Protocol, LLDP) channel to implement the auxiliary channel.
  • LLDP Link Layer Discovery Protocol
  • the auxiliary channel modulation unit may carry the non-service signal in the reserved field of the LLDP frame for transmission.
  • the auxiliary channel demodulation unit demodulates the reserved field of the received LLDP frame to obtain the non-service signal.
  • the auxiliary channel modulation/demodulation unit may be an independent modulation/demodulation unit, or may be integrated with the modulation/demodulation unit corresponding to the service signal, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • auxiliary channels can be implemented between internal units of optical transmission devices, between optical transmission devices and network equipment, and between network equipment and management equipment , data other than business data can be transmitted through these auxiliary channels.
  • the auxiliary channel between the internal units of the optical transmission device and between the optical transmission device and the network equipment can be implemented through a bus, including but not limited to an RS232 serial bus or an inter-integrated circuit (I2C) bus.
  • the auxiliary channel between the network device and the management device is realized through a wired link or a wireless link.
  • the optical network system further includes a management device 04 .
  • the management device 04 is used to manage and control network devices.
  • the first network device 012 and the second network device 022 are respectively connected to the management device 04 .
  • the management device 04 is a server, or a server cluster composed of multiple servers, or a cloud platform.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a fault location method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method can be applied to an optical transmission device, a network device or a management device in an optical network system as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the method includes:
  • Step 201 Acquire the signal quality of the received electrical signal on the first communication device.
  • the embodiment of the present application is described by taking the first communication device as a receiving side communication device and the second communication device as a sending side communication device as an example.
  • the received electrical signal on the first communication device is an electrical signal obtained by converting the optical signal received by the first communication device from the second communication device through the optical fiber link.
  • the electrical signals obtained by converting all the optical signals received by the first communication device from the second communication device through the optical fiber link are called received electrical signals, and the received electrical signals do not specifically refer to a certain time signal.
  • the received electrical signal refers to a continuous electrical signal obtained by performing photoelectric conversion on the continuously received optical signal.
  • the signal quality is represented by bit error rate and/or signal-to-noise ratio.
  • the first communication device includes first optical transmission means, and the second communication device includes second optical transmission means.
  • the feature extraction unit in the first optical transmission device may acquire the signal quality of the received electrical signal and the PSD and noise features of the received electrical signal in real time, and transmit the acquired information to the processing unit.
  • the processing unit is used for judging whether the signal quality of the received electrical signal is lower than a signal quality threshold.
  • the signal quality of the received electrical signal is lower than the signal quality threshold includes: the bit error rate of the received electrical signal is greater than or equal to the bit error rate threshold, and/or the signal-to-noise ratio of the received electrical signal is less than or equal to the signal-to-noise ratio threshold. That is, the signal quality threshold includes a bit error rate threshold and/or a signal-to-noise ratio threshold.
  • the signal quality threshold is the bit error rate threshold
  • the signal quality of the received electrical signal is lower than the signal quality threshold, that is, the bit error rate of the received electrical signal is greater than or equal to the bit error rate threshold.
  • the signal quality threshold is the SNR threshold
  • the signal quality of the received electrical signal is lower than the SQ threshold, that is, the SNR of the received electrical signal is less than or equal to the SNR threshold.
  • the signal quality threshold includes the bit error rate threshold and the signal-to-noise ratio threshold, and the signal quality of the received electrical signal is lower than the signal quality threshold, including: satisfying the bit error of the received electrical signal rate is greater than or equal to the bit error rate threshold and the SNR of the received electrical signal is less than or equal to the SNR threshold; or, the bit error rate of the received electrical signal is greater than or equal to the bit error rate threshold and the SNR of the received electrical signal is satisfied
  • the signal-to-noise ratio is less than or equal to at least one of the signal-to-noise ratio thresholds.
  • the feature extraction unit in the optical transmission device of the communication device may collect the value of the characteristic parameter of the optical transmission device, for example, acquire the value of the characteristic parameter of the optical transmission device by using DDM technology.
  • the characteristic parameters of the optical transmission device include but are not limited to transmitted optical power, received optical power, module temperature, power supply voltage and laser bias current.
  • the processing unit may determine whether the signal quality of the received electrical signal is lower than the signal quality threshold when the value of the characteristic parameter of the optical transmission device of the receiving-side communication device and/or the sending-side communication device is normal.
  • the processing unit may output a fault alarm to indicate that the corresponding optical network component is faulty, so that the operation and maintenance personnel can troubleshoot.
  • the processing unit may output a fault alarm to indicate that the laser in the optical transmission device is faulty.
  • the processing unit may output a fault alarm to indicate that the receiver in the optical transmission device may be faulty, or the optical fiber link may be attenuated too much or disconnected , or the transmitter of the optical transmission device on the sending side may be faulty.
  • the processing unit before the processing unit judges whether the signal quality of the received electrical signal is lower than the signal quality threshold, it may first judge whether the value of the characteristic parameter of the optical transmission device of the receiving side communication device and/or the sending side communication device is normal, To troubleshoot some hardware failures in the optical network system. When the values of all characteristic parameters reflect the normal working status of the corresponding optical network components, the processing unit then judges whether the signal quality of the received electrical signal is lower than the signal quality threshold, which can eliminate some hardware failures in the optical network system. The impact of the signal quality of the received electrical signal to improve the accuracy of subsequent fault location.
  • Step 202 when the signal quality of the received electrical signal on the first communication device is lower than the signal quality threshold, according to the PSD of the received electrical signal at multiple moments and the noise characteristics of the received electrical signal at the multiple moments, respectively, Identify faulty components and causes of faults in optical network systems.
  • the faulty component includes an optical network component in the first communication device, an optical network component or an optical fiber link in the second communication device.
  • the faulty component includes an optical fiber link
  • the fault cause includes MPI on the optical fiber link.
  • the faulty component includes a power supply component in the first communication device, and the cause of the fault includes an abnormal output voltage of the power supply component, excessive chirp of the laser and/or saturation of a gain output voltage of the transimpedance amplifier.
  • the faulty component includes a transimpedance amplifier and/or a photodetector in the receiver of the first communication device, and the cause of the fault includes abnormal noise of the transimpedance amplifier and/or abnormal noise of the photodetector.
  • the faulty component includes a laser in the transmitter of the second communication device and/or a transimpedance amplifier in the receiver of the first communication device, and the cause of the fault includes excessive chirp of the laser and/or gain of the transimpedance amplifier The output voltage is saturated.
  • the faulty component includes a laser in the transmitter of the second communication device, and the fault cause includes an abnormal RIN value of the laser.
  • the signal quality of the received electrical signal on the first communication device is not lower than the signal quality threshold, continuously monitor the signal quality of the received electrical signal on the first communication device.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an implementation process for determining a faulty component and a fault cause in an optical network system provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 3 , the implementation process includes the following steps 2021 to 2031 .
  • step 2021 according to the PSD of the received electrical signal at each time point in multiple time points, K frequency spectrum intensities respectively corresponding to K frequency values are obtained.
  • K is a positive integer greater than 1, and all K frequency values are less than the low frequency threshold.
  • the size of the low-frequency threshold is positively correlated with the length of the optical fiber link, that is, the larger the length of the optical fiber link, the greater the value of the low-frequency threshold; otherwise, the smaller the length of the optical fiber link, the lower the low-frequency threshold The smaller the value is.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific value of the low-frequency threshold.
  • the above multiple times are multiple times after it is determined that the signal quality of the received electrical signal is lower than the signal quality threshold. For example, if the signal quality of the received electrical signal on the first communication device is lower than the signal quality threshold from time T0, the PSD and noise characteristics of the received electrical signal at multiple times after time T0 may be acquired.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a PSD of receiving electrical signals at multiple moments according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the abscissa in Fig. 4 is frequency, the unit is gigahertz (GHz), the ordinate is spectrum intensity, the unit is dB/GHz, and dB means decibel.
  • FIG. 4 shows 5 curves, which respectively represent the PSD of the received electrical signal at 5 moments. These five times include time T1 to time T5 sequentially in time series.
  • Time T1 to time T1 are all after the above-mentioned time T0. It is assumed that the five curves arranged from top to bottom in the low frequency range in FIG. 4 respectively represent the PSD of the received electrical signal from time T1 to time T5 .
  • the low frequency threshold value is 0.15 GHz
  • the corresponding low frequency range is 0 to 0.15 GHz.
  • step 2022 it is judged whether there is at least one target time among the plurality of time points, the K spectrum intensities corresponding to the target time point meet the preset conditions, and the noise of the received electrical signal at the target time point is positively correlated with the level order .
  • the K spectral intensities corresponding to the target moment satisfy a preset condition, including: the absolute value of the difference between two spectral intensities among the K spectral intensities corresponding to the target moment is greater than the spectral intensity threshold.
  • the peak-to-average power ratio (peak to average power ratio, PAPR) corresponding to the target time is greater than the peak-to-average ratio threshold, and the peak-to-average ratio is the maximum value of the K spectral intensities corresponding to the target time and the average of the K spectral intensities ratio.
  • the average value of the K spectral intensities may be an average, a median, or a weighted average of the K spectral intensities.
  • K spectrum intensities corresponding to the target time meet the preset conditions.
  • the PSD of the received electrical signal at the target time satisfies low-frequency lift, that is, the spectrum corresponding to the PSD of the received electrical signal at the target time in the low-frequency range
  • the degree of jump in intensity is large.
  • K frequency values include frequency f1 and frequency f2. Assume that the frequency spectrum intensity corresponding to frequency f1 at time T1 is m1, and the frequency spectrum intensity corresponding to frequency f2 at time T1 is m1'. If the difference between m1 and m1' is greater than the spectrum intensity threshold, it can be determined that the K spectrum intensities corresponding to the time T1 satisfy the preset condition.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal at the target time is positively correlated with the level order, that is, the noise corresponding to the high level of the received electrical signal at the target time is greater than the noise corresponding to the low level of the received electrical signal at the target time.
  • the processing unit determines N power ranges of the received electrical signal, where N is the number of level types of the received electrical signal.
  • the power value corresponding to any symbol of the received electrical signal belongs to one of the N power ranges.
  • Each power range in the N power ranges corresponds to a noise parameter at each moment, and the noise parameter is related to the noise of each symbol in the corresponding power range at the corresponding time.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal at the target time is positively correlated with the level order, including: the noise parameter corresponding to the first power range at the target time is greater than the noise parameter corresponding to the second power range at the target time, the first power range and the second power
  • the ranges are two power ranges in the N power ranges, and the power value corresponding to the first power range is greater than the power value corresponding to the second power range.
  • the noise parameter corresponding to a power range at a moment is one of variance, mean square error, standard deviation, or mean square error of M symbol noises corresponding to the power range at the moment.
  • the noise of the M symbols is the difference between the M power values corresponding to the M symbols included in the power range at the moment and the preset threshold. M is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • the number of level types of the received electrical signal is related to the signal type of the received electrical signal.
  • the signal type of the received electrical signal is a four-level modulation (pulse amplitude modulation 4, PAM4) signal, and the PAM4 signal uses four different levels for signal transmission, that is, the received electrical signal has four types of levels.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the signal type of the received electrical signal.
  • the signal type of the received electrical signal may also be a non-return to zero (NRZ) signal, an eight-level modulation (pulse amplitude modulation 8, PAM8) or a sixteen-level modulation (pulse amplitude modulation 16, PAM16 ) signal, etc.
  • this embodiment of the present application describes the implementation process of determining that the noise of the received electrical signal at a moment is positively correlated with the order of the level.
  • the electrical signal in this implementation process refers to a specific electrical signal at a moment when the electrical signal is received.
  • the implementation process includes the following steps A1 to A4.
  • step A1 after determining the N power ranges of the received electrical signal, the processing unit acquires M power values respectively corresponding to M symbols included in each power range of the N power ranges.
  • the electrical signal provided in the embodiment of the present application may include a series of symbols, such as symbols a1, a2, a3 to aX.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the value of X.
  • the processing unit determines the power values of the symbols included in the electrical signal one by one. Assume that the processing unit determines four power ranges, including a first power range, a second power range, a third power range, and a fourth power range. The processing unit determines that the normalized power value corresponding to the symbol a1 is within the first power range, and the frequency count of the first power range is 1. The processing unit determines that the normalized power value corresponding to the symbol a2 is within the third power range, and the frequency count of the third power range is 1.
  • the processing unit determines that the power value corresponding to the symbol a3 is within the first power range, then the accumulated frequency count of the first power range is 2, and so on. In this way, the processing unit can determine M power values respectively corresponding to the M symbols included in the target power range.
  • the target power range is any one of the N power ranges determined by the processing unit.
  • the M symbols may be all symbols included in the target power range, or may also be some symbols included in the target power range.
  • step A2 the processing unit determines M symbol noises corresponding to the target power range.
  • the processing unit judges the M power values corresponding to the M symbols included in the target power range one by one according to the following formula, so as to determine the M symbol noises.
  • Noise(ai) represents the symbol noise of the i-th symbol (i.e., ai) among the M symbols included in the target power range, the power value of the symbol ai is within the target power range, and ai is included in the target power range
  • Signal(ai) is the power value of the symbol ai
  • the Threshold is a preset threshold preset by the processing unit. That is, the noise Noise(ai) of any symbol within the target power range is the difference between the power value Signal(ai) of the symbol ai and the preset threshold Threshold.
  • step A3 the processing unit acquires noise parameters corresponding to the target power range.
  • the noise parameter corresponding to the target power range may be an average amount of noise of M symbols corresponding to the target power range.
  • the noise parameter corresponding to the target power range is the variance, mean square error, standard deviation, or mean square error of M symbol noises corresponding to the target power range.
  • step A4 when the noise parameter corresponding to the first power range in the M power ranges is greater than the noise parameter corresponding to the second power range, the processing unit determines that the noise of the electrical signal is positively correlated with the level order.
  • step 2023 when there is a target moment in the multiple moments, and the frequency spectrum intensity of at least one frequency value among the K frequency values fluctuates at the multiple moments, the noise of the received electrical signal at the multiple moments.
  • a frequency value corresponds to multiple spectrum intensities at multiple moments.
  • the spectrum intensity of a frequency value fluctuates at multiple moments, which means that the frequency spectrum intensity corresponding to the frequency value fluctuates at multiple moments.
  • the K frequency values include frequency f1, assuming that frequency f1 corresponds to frequency spectrum intensity at time T1 as m1, frequency f1 corresponds to frequency spectrum intensity at time T2 as m2, frequency f1 corresponds to frequency spectrum intensity at time T3 as m3,
  • the frequency f1 at time T4 corresponds to a spectrum intensity of m4, and the frequency f1 at time T5 corresponds to a spectrum intensity of m5.
  • the frequency f1 corresponds to different spectrum intensities at different times, that is, frequency f1 corresponds to There are fluctuations in the spectral intensity of .
  • the K spectrum intensities respectively corresponding to the received electrical signal at multiple moments have fluctuations, including: The variation between the peak-to-average ratios exceeds the first variation threshold.
  • the amount of variation between the peak-to-average ratios corresponding to the multiple time points may be the variance, mean square error, standard deviation or mean square error of the peak-to-average ratios corresponding to the multiple time points.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal at the target time is positively correlated with the level order, including: the noise parameter corresponding to the first power range at the target time is greater than the noise parameter corresponding to the second power range at the target time.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal at multiple moments has volatility, including: the amount of variation between noise parameters corresponding to at least one of the N power ranges at multiple moments exceeds the second variation threshold. For example, variances of noise parameters respectively corresponding to the first power range at multiple moments are greater than the second variation threshold.
  • the MPI on the fiber optic link is usually caused by reflection points on the fiber optic link, it can be further determined that the faulty component includes the fiber optic connector on the fiber optic link.
  • step 2024 when there is a target moment in the plurality of moments, and there is no fluctuation in the spectral intensity of all frequency values in the K frequency values at the plurality of moments and/or the received electrical signal is at the plurality of moments
  • the faulty component includes a power supply component in the first communication device, and the cause of the fault includes an abnormal output voltage of the power supply component.
  • the PSD of the received electrical signal satisfies the low-frequency lift-off, and the noise of the received electrical signal is positively correlated with the level order.
  • the PSD of the received electrical signal satisfies the low-frequency rise. After excluding the cause of the MPI on the optical fiber link, it can be suspected that it is caused by the abnormal output voltage of the power supply component in the communication device on the receiving side.
  • the power supply part in the communication device includes the power supply part of the optical transmission device in the communication device and/or the power supply part of the network device in the communication device.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal is positively correlated with the level order, indicating that there is level-dependent noise in the received electrical signal.
  • Level-dependent noise can be non-linear noise due to excessive chirp of the laser in the transmitter and/or saturation of the gain output voltage of the transimpedance amplifier in the receiver, or it can be due to abnormal RIN values of the laser in the transmitter.
  • the resulting intrinsic noise of the light source Since the intrinsic noise of the light source cannot be eliminated by nonlinear equalization, the received electrical signal can be subjected to nonlinear equalization to further clarify the type of noise.
  • step 2025 when the noise of the received electrical signal processed by nonlinear equalization is reduced, it is determined that the faulty component also includes a laser in the transmitter of the second communication device and/or a transimpedance amplifier in the receiver of the first communication device , the cause of the failure also includes that the chirp of the laser is too large and/or the gain output voltage of the transimpedance amplifier is saturated.
  • the noise reduction of the received electrical signal processed by nonlinear equalization indicates that there is nonlinear noise in the received electrical signal, and then the processing unit can determine that the faulty component includes the laser in the transmitter and/or the transimpedance amplifier in the receiver.
  • step 2026 when the noise of the received electrical signal processed by nonlinear equalization is not reduced, it is determined that the faulty component also includes a laser in the transmitter of the second communication device, and the fault cause includes an abnormal RIN value of the laser.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal after nonlinear equalization processing is not reduced, indicating that there is no nonlinear noise in the received electrical signal. It is further inferred that the level-dependent noise in the received electrical signal may be the intrinsic noise of the laser light source, and then the processing unit can determine the fault Parts include the laser in the transmitter.
  • step 2027 when the K spectral intensities corresponding to at least one of the plurality of moments of the received electrical signal meet the preset conditions, and the noise of the received electrical signal at the at least one moment is not positively correlated with the level order , it is determined that the faulty component includes a power supply component in the first communication device, and the cause of the fault includes an abnormal output voltage of the power supply component.
  • the K spectral intensities corresponding to at least one of the multiple moments of the received electrical signal meet the preset conditions, that is, the PSD of the received electrical signal meets the low-frequency lift-up. After excluding the cause of the MPI on the optical fiber link, it can be suspected that it is The output voltage of the power supply component in the communication device on the receiving side is abnormal.
  • step 2028 when the K spectral intensities corresponding to each of the multiple moments of the received electrical signal do not meet the preset conditions, and the noises of the received electrical signal at the multiple moments are all in line with the level order
  • the faulty component includes a transimpedance amplifier and/or a photodetector in the receiver of the first communication device, and the cause of the fault includes abnormal noise of the transimpedance amplifier and/or abnormal noise of the photodetector.
  • step 2029 when the K spectrum intensities corresponding to the received electrical signal at each moment do not meet the preset conditions, and the noise of the received electrical signal at the multiple moments is positively correlated with the level order, the The electrical signal is received for nonlinear equalization processing.
  • the noise of the received electrical signal is positively correlated with the level order, indicating that there is level-dependent noise in the received electrical signal.
  • Level-dependent noise can be non-linear noise due to excessive chirp of the laser in the transmitter and/or saturation of the gain output voltage of the transimpedance amplifier in the receiver, or it can be due to abnormal RIN values of the laser in the transmitter.
  • the resulting intrinsic noise of the light source Since the intrinsic noise of the light source cannot be eliminated by nonlinear equalization, the received electrical signal can be subjected to nonlinear equalization to further clarify the type of noise.
  • step 2030 when the noise of the received electrical signal processed by nonlinear equalization is reduced, it is determined that the faulty component includes the laser in the transmitter of the second communication device and/or the transimpedance amplifier in the receiver of the first communication device, Causes of failure include excessive chirp of the laser and/or saturation of the gain output voltage of the transimpedance amplifier.
  • step 2031 when the noise of the received electrical signal processed by nonlinear equalization is not reduced, it is determined that the faulty component includes a laser in the transmitter of the second communication device, and the fault cause includes an abnormal RIN value of the laser.
  • step 2031 can refer to the relevant explanation of the above-mentioned step 2026, and the embodiment of the present application will not repeat it here.
  • the embodiment of the present application realizes the fault location of the entire link of the optical network system by analyzing the signal characteristics of the received electrical signal. In this process, there is no need to perform fault detection on the optical fiber link separately, and the source of the fault is gradually located through the elimination method, and the fault location efficiency is high. , which is helpful for the operation and maintenance management of the optical network system. And the whole process does not require manual intervention, which can reduce operation and maintenance costs.
  • the processing unit may further execute step 203 after determining the fault component and the fault cause in the optical network system.
  • Step 203 outputting a fault analysis report, the fault analysis report including faulty components and fault reasons.
  • outputting the fault analysis report can be understood as sending the fault analysis report to the management device, so that the management device can display the fault analysis report.
  • the network device has a display function, the network device can also display the fault analysis report.
  • outputting the fault analysis report can be understood as displaying the fault analysis report.
  • the fault location of the entire link of the optical network system is realized by analyzing the signal characteristics of the received electrical signal online.
  • the fault location efficiency is relatively high. High, which is helpful for the operation and maintenance management of the optical network system.
  • the whole process does not require manual intervention, which can reduce operation and maintenance costs.
  • the source of the fault can be gradually located through the elimination method according to the signal characteristics of the received electrical signal.
  • a fault analysis report can be output, which is convenient for operation and maintenance personnel to troubleshoot possible faulty components in the optical network system in a targeted manner, thereby shortening the fault repair time and improving the operational reliability of the optical network system.
  • the processing unit for executing the method shown in FIG. 2 may be the processing unit 501 in the communication device 500 shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the processing unit 501 in the communication device 500 is located in an optical transmission device or a network device in the communication device 500 .
  • the processing unit 501 is configured to execute step 201 to step 202 in the method shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the communication device 500 further includes a sending unit 502 .
  • the sending unit 502 is configured to send a fault analysis report to the management device, where the fault analysis report includes faulty components and fault causes in the optical network system where the communication device is located. If the communication device 500 has a display function, the communication device 500 can also display the failure analysis report through the display unit.
  • the communication device 500 does not include the sending unit 502, it may be an optical transmission device.
  • the processing unit for executing the method shown in FIG. 2 may be the processing unit 602 in the management device 600 shown in FIG. 6 .
  • a management device 600 includes a receiving unit 601 and a processing unit 602 .
  • the receiving unit 601 is configured to receive the signal quality of the received electrical signal sent by the first communication device in the optical network system.
  • the optical signal of the communication equipment is converted into an electrical signal.
  • the processing unit 602 is configured to execute step 201 to step 202 in the method shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the management device 600 further includes a display unit 603 .
  • the display unit 603 is used to display a fault analysis report, and the fault analysis report includes fault components and fault causes in the optical network system.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an optical network system, including a management device and a communication device.
  • the communication device is used to send the signal quality of the received electrical signal to the management device, and the received electrical signal is an electrical signal obtained by converting an optical signal received by the communication device from another communication device through an optical fiber link.
  • the management device may be the management device shown in FIG. 6 .
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, where instructions are stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the instructions are executed by a processor, the above-mentioned method shown in FIG. 2 is implemented.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, including a computer program.
  • the computer program is executed by a processor, the method shown in FIG. 2 is implemented.
  • the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the above-mentioned The storage medium mentioned may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and the like.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种故障定位方法、设备及光网络系统，属于光网络技术领域。获取第一通信设备上的接收电信号的信号质量。该接收电信号为第一通信设备对通过光纤链路接收到的来自第二通信设备的光信号进行转换得到的电信号。当接收电信号的信号质量低于信号质量阈值时，根据接收电信号分别在多个时刻的PSD以及接收电信号分别在多个时刻的噪声特征，确定光网络系统中的故障部件和故障原因。故障部件包括第一通信设备中的光网络部件、第二通信设备中的光网络部件或光纤链路。本申请通过分析接收电信号的信号特征实现了对光网络系统的全链路故障定位。

Description

故障定位方法、设备及光网络系统
本申请要求于2021年10月26日提交的申请号为202111248581.7，发明名称为“一种光模块、光网络管理方法以及系统”以及于2022年01月29日提交的申请号为202210113070.2，发明名称为“故障定位方法、设备及光网络系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及光网络技术领域，特别涉及一种故障定位方法、设备及光网络系统。
背景技术
光网络系统中的两个通信设备之间通过光纤链路连接。每个通信设备都包括光模块。一个通信设备的光模块用于将该通信设备上的待传输数据转换为光信号后通过光纤链路传输至另一个通信设备的光模块，从而实现光网络系统中的数据传输。
目前通信设备中的光模块只能监测自身的光网络部件是否故障，并在光网络部件发生故障后发出告警，故障定位的范围有限。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种故障定位方法、设备及光网络系统，可以解决目前光网络系统中故障定位的范围有限的问题。
第一方面，提供了一种应用于光网络系统的故障定位方法。光网络系统包括第一通信设备和第二通信设备。第一通信设备与第二通信设备通过光纤链路连接。该方法可以应用于管理设备、第一通信设备中的光传输装置或第一通信设备中的网络设备。该方法包括：获取第一通信设备上的接收电信号的信号质量。该接收电信号为第一通信设备对通过光纤链路接收到的来自第二通信设备的光信号进行转换得到的电信号。当接收电信号的信号质量低于信号质量阈值时，根据接收电信号分别在多个时刻的功率频谱密度(power spectral density，PSD)以及接收电信号分别在多个时刻的噪声特征，确定光网络系统中的故障部件和故障原因。故障部件包括第一通信设备中的光网络部件、第二通信设备中的光网络部件或光纤链路。本申请将第一通信设备对通过光纤链路接收到的来自第二通信设备的所有光信号进行转换得到的电信号均称为接收电信号，该接收电信号并非特指某一时刻的电信号。上述多个时刻为判定接收电信号的信号质量低于信号质量阈值之后的多个时刻。
本申请通过分析接收电信号的信号特征实现对光网络系统的全链路故障定位，这个过程中无需单独对光纤链路进行故障检测，故障定位效率较高，有助于对光网络系统的运维管理。并且整个过程无需人工干预，可以降低运维成本。
可选地，接收电信号的信号质量低于信号质量阈值，包括：接收电信号的误码率大于或等于误码率阈值，和/或，接收电信号的信噪比小于或等于信噪比阈值。也即是，信号质量阈值包括误码率阈值和/或信噪比阈值。
可选地，根据接收电信号分别在多个时刻的PSD以及接收电信号分别在多个时刻的噪声特征，确定光网络系统中的故障部件和故障原因的实现流程，包括：根据接收电信号在多个时刻中每个时刻的PSD，分别获取K个频率值分别对应的K个频谱强度，K为大于1的正整数，K个频率值均小于低频阈值。判断多个时刻中是否存在至少一个目标时刻，该目标时刻对应的K个频谱强度满足预设条件，且接收电信号在该目标时刻的噪声与电平阶数正相关。当多个时刻中存在目标时刻，并且，K个频率值中的至少一个频率值在该多个时刻的频谱强度存在波动性，接收电信号在该多个时刻的噪声存在波动性时，确定故障部件包括光纤链路，故障原因包括光纤链路上存在多径干扰。
其中，一个频率值在多个时刻分别对应多个频谱强度。一个频率值在多个时刻的频谱强度存在波动性，指该频率值在多个时刻分别对应的多个频谱强度存在波动性。
可选地，预设条件包括：目标时刻对应的K个频谱强度中存在两个频谱强度的差值的绝对值大于频谱强度阈值，或，目标时刻对应的峰均比大于峰均比阈值。目标时刻对应的峰均比为目标时刻对应的K个频谱强度中的最大值与该K个频谱强度的平均量的比值。当预设条件为目标时刻对应的峰均比大于峰均比阈值时，接收电信号在多个时刻分别对应的K个频谱强度存在波动性，包括：多个时刻分别对应的峰均比之间的变化量超出第一变化阈值。
可选地，上述方法还包括：确定接收电信号的N个功率范围。N为接收电信号的电平种类的数量。接收电信号的任一符号对应的功率值属于N个功率范围中的一个。N个功率范围中的每个功率范围在每个时刻对应一个噪声参数。噪声参数与对应的功率范围内的各个符号在对应时刻的噪声相关。接收电信号在目标时刻的噪声与电平阶数正相关，包括：第一功率范围在目标时刻对应的噪声参数大于第二功率范围在目标时刻对应的噪声参数，第一功率范围和第二功率范围为N个功率范围中的两个功率范围，且第一功率范围对应的功率值大于第二功率范围对应的功率值。接收电信号在多个时刻的噪声存在波动性，包括：N个功率范围中至少一个功率范围在多个时刻分别对应的噪声参数之间的变化量超出第二变化阈值。
可选地，功率范围在一个时刻对应的噪声参数为功率范围在时刻对应的M个符号噪声的方差、均方差、标准差或均方误差中的一个。其中，M个符号噪声为功率范围所包括的M个符号在时刻对应的M个功率值分别与预设门限的差值，M为大于1的正整数。
可选地，当多个时刻中存在目标时刻，并且，K个频率值中的所有频率值在多个时刻的频谱强度不存在波动性和/或接收电信号在多个时刻的噪声不存在波动性时，确定故障部件包括第一通信设备中的供电部件，故障原因包括该供电部件的输出电压异常。进一步地，对接收电信号进行非线性均衡处理。当经过非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声降低时，确定故障部件还包括第二通信设备的发射器中的激光器和/或第一通信设备的接收器中的跨阻放大器，故障原因还包括该激光器的啁啾过大和/或该跨阻放大器的增益输出电压饱和。当经过非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声未降低时，确定故障部件还包括第二通信设备的发射器中的激光器，故障原因包括该激光器的相对强度噪声值异常。
该多个时刻中存在目标时刻，也就是说，接收电信号的PSD满足低频抬起，且接收电信号的噪声与电平阶数正相关。接收电信号的PSD满足低频抬起，在排除是光纤链路上的多径干扰(multi-path interference，MPI)导致的之后，可以怀疑是接收侧通信设备中的供电部件的输出电压异常导致的。接收电信号的噪声与电平阶数正相关，说明接收电信号存在电平相关噪声。电平相关噪声可能是由于发射器中的激光器的啁啾过大和/或接收器中的跨阻放大器 的增益输出电压饱和导致的非线性噪声，也可能是由于发射器中的激光器的相对强度噪声(relative intensity noise，RIN)值异常导致的光源本征噪声。由于光源本征噪声无法通过非线性均衡处理来消除，因此可以对接收电信号进行非线性均衡处理以进一步明确噪声类型。经过非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声降低，说明接收电信号存在非线性噪声，进而处理单元可以确定故障部件包括发射器中的激光器和/或接收器中的跨阻放大器。经过非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声未降低，说明接收电信号不存在非线性噪声，进一步推断接收电信号中的电平相关噪声可能是激光器的光源本征噪声，进而处理单元可以确定故障部件包括发射器中的激光器。
可选地，当接收电信号在多个时刻中至少一个时刻对应的K个频谱强度满足预设条件，且接收电信号在至少一个时刻的噪声与电平阶数非正相关时，确定故障部件包括第一通信设备中的供电部件，故障原因包括该供电部件的输出电压异常。
接收电信号在该多个时刻中至少一个时刻对应的K个频谱强度满足预设条件，即接收电信号的PSD满足低频抬起，在排除是光纤链路上的MPI导致的之后，可以怀疑是接收侧通信设备中的供电部件的输出电压异常导致的。
可选地，当接收电信号在每个时刻对应的K个频谱强度均不满足预设条件，且接收电信号在多个时刻的噪声均与电平阶数非正相关时，确定故障部件包括第一通信设备的接收器中的跨阻放大器和/或光电探测器，故障原因包括该跨阻放大器的噪声异常和/或该光电探测器的噪声异常。
可选地，当接收电信号在每个时刻对应的K个频谱强度均不满足预设条件，且接收电信号在多个时刻的噪声与电平阶数正相关时，对接收电信号进行非线性均衡处理。当经过非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声降低时，确定故障部件包括第二通信设备的发射器中的激光器和/或第一通信设备的接收器中的跨阻放大器，故障原因包括该激光器的啁啾过大和/或该跨阻放大器的增益输出电压饱和。当经过非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声未降低时，确定故障部件包括第二通信设备的发射器中的激光器，故障原因包括该激光器的相对强度噪声值异常。
可选地，上述方法还包括：输出故障分析报告，故障分析报告包括故障部件和故障原因。
如果上述方法由光传输装置或网络设备执行，输出故障分析报告可以理解为，向管理设备发送故障分析报告，以供管理设备显示该故障分析报告。如果网络设备具有显示功能，网络设备也可以显示该故障分析报告。如果上述方法由管理设备中的处理单元执行，输出故障分析报告可以理解为显示故障分析报告。本申请通过输出故障分析报告，便于运维人员有针对性地对光网络系统中的可能故障部件进行故障排查，进而可以缩短故障修复时间，提高光网络系统的运行可靠性。
可选地，第一通信设备包括第一光传输装置，第二通信设备包括第二光传输装置。上述方法还包括：在确定第一光传输装置的特征参数的值和/或第二光传输装置的特征参数的值正常之后，判断接收电信号的信号质量是否低于信号质量阈值。
本申请在判断接收电信号的信号质量是否低于信号质量阈值之前，可以先判断接收侧通信设备和/或发送侧通信设备的光传输装置的特征参数的值是否正常，以排查光网络系统中的部分硬件故障。在所有特征参数的值都反映对应的光网络部件的工作状态正常的情况下，再判断接收电信号的信号质量是否低于信号质量阈值，这样可以排除光网络系统中的部分硬件 故障对接收电信号的信号质量的影响，以提高后续故障定位的准确性。
第二方面，提供了一种通信设备。该通信设备包括处理单元，该处理单元用于获取第一通信设备上的接收电信号的信号质量。该接收电信号为第一通信设备对通过光纤链路接收到的来自第二通信设备的光信号进行转换得到的电信号。当接收电信号的信号质量低于信号质量阈值时，根据接收电信号分别在多个时刻的PSD以及接收电信号分别在多个时刻的噪声特征，确定光网络系统中的故障部件和故障原因。故障部件包括第一通信设备中的光网络部件、第二通信设备中的光网络部件或光纤链路。
可选地，接收电信号的信号质量低于信号质量阈值，包括：接收电信号的误码率大于或等于误码率阈值，和/或，接收电信号的信噪比小于或等于信噪比阈值。
可选地，处理单元，用于：根据接收电信号在多个时刻中每个时刻的PSD，分别获取K个频率值分别对应的K个频谱强度，K为大于1的正整数，K个频率值均小于低频阈值。判断多个时刻中是否存在至少一个目标时刻，该目标时刻对应的K个频谱强度满足预设条件，且接收电信号在该目标时刻的噪声与电平阶数正相关。当多个时刻中存在目标时刻，并且，K个频率值中的至少一个频率值在该多个时刻的频谱强度存在波动性，接收电信号在该多个时刻的噪声存在波动性时，确定故障部件包括光纤链路，故障原因包括光纤链路上存在多径干扰。
可选地，预设条件包括：目标时刻对应的K个频谱强度中存在两个频谱强度的差值的绝对值大于频谱强度阈值，或，目标时刻对应的峰均比大于峰均比阈值。目标时刻对应的峰均比为目标时刻对应的K个频谱强度中的最大值与该K个频谱强度的平均量的比值。当预设条件为目标时刻对应的峰均比大于峰均比阈值时，接收电信号在多个时刻分别对应的K个频谱强度存在波动性，包括：多个时刻分别对应的峰均比之间的变化量超出第一变化阈值。
可选地，处理单元，还用于：确定接收电信号的N个功率范围。N为接收电信号的电平种类的数量。接收电信号的任一符号对应的功率值属于N个功率范围中的一个。N个功率范围中的每个功率范围在每个时刻对应一个噪声参数。噪声参数与对应的功率范围内的各个符号在对应时刻的噪声相关。接收电信号在目标时刻的噪声与电平阶数正相关，包括：第一功率范围在目标时刻对应的噪声参数大于第二功率范围在目标时刻对应的噪声参数，第一功率范围和第二功率范围为N个功率范围中的两个功率范围，且第一功率范围对应的功率值大于第二功率范围对应的功率值。接收电信号在多个时刻的噪声存在波动性，包括：N个功率范围中至少一个功率范围在多个时刻分别对应的噪声参数之间的变化量超出第二变化阈值。
可选地，功率范围在一个时刻对应的噪声参数为功率范围在时刻对应的M个符号噪声的方差、均方差、标准差或均方误差中的一个。其中，M个符号噪声为功率范围所包括的M个符号在时刻对应的M个功率值分别与预设门限的差值，M为大于1的正整数。
可选地，处理单元，还用于：当多个时刻中存在目标时刻，并且，K个频率值中的所有频率值在多个时刻的频谱强度不存在波动性和/或接收电信号在多个时刻的噪声不存在波动性时，确定故障部件包括第一通信设备中的供电部件，故障原因包括该供电部件的输出电压异常。进一步地，对接收电信号进行非线性均衡处理。当经过非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声降低时，确定故障部件还包括第二通信设备的发射器中的激光器和/或第一通信设备的接收器中的跨阻放大器，故障原因还包括该激光器的啁啾过大和/或该跨阻放大器的增益输出电压饱和。当经过非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声未降低时，确定故障部件还包括第二 通信设备的发射器中的激光器，故障原因包括该激光器的相对强度噪声值异常。
可选地，处理单元，还用于：当接收电信号在多个时刻中至少一个时刻对应的K个频谱强度满足预设条件，且接收电信号在至少一个时刻的噪声与电平阶数非正相关时，确定故障部件包括第一通信设备中的供电部件，故障原因包括该供电部件的输出电压异常。
可选地，处理单元，还用于：当接收电信号在每个时刻对应的K个频谱强度均不满足预设条件，且接收电信号在多个时刻的噪声均与电平阶数非正相关时，确定故障部件包括第一通信设备的接收器中的跨阻放大器和/或光电探测器，故障原因包括该跨阻放大器的噪声异常和/或该光电探测器的噪声异常。
可选地，处理单元，还用于：当接收电信号在每个时刻对应的K个频谱强度均不满足预设条件，且接收电信号在多个时刻的噪声与电平阶数正相关时，对接收电信号进行非线性均衡处理。当经过非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声降低时，确定故障部件包括第二通信设备的发射器中的激光器和/或第一通信设备的接收器中的跨阻放大器，故障原因包括该激光器的啁啾过大和/或该跨阻放大器的增益输出电压饱和。当经过非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声未降低时，确定故障部件包括第二通信设备的发射器中的激光器，故障原因包括该激光器的相对强度噪声值异常。
可选地，通信设备还包括发送单元，发送单元用于向管理设备发送故障分析报告，故障分析报告包括通信设备所在的光网络系统中的故障部件和故障原因。
第三方面，提供了一种管理设备，该管理设备包括接收单元和处理单元。接收单元，用于接收光网络系统中的第一通信设备发送的接收电信号的信号质量，接收电信号为第一通信设备对通过光纤链路接收到的来自光网络系统中的第二通信设备的光信号进行转换得到的电信号。处理单元，用于当接收电信号的信号质量低于信号质量阈值时，根据接收电信号分别在多个时刻的PSD以及接收电信号分别在多个时刻的噪声特征，确定光网络系统中的故障部件和故障原因。故障部件包括第一通信设备中的光网络部件、第二通信设备中的光网络部件或光纤链路。
可选地，接收电信号的信号质量低于信号质量阈值，包括：接收电信号的误码率大于或等于误码率阈值，和/或，接收电信号的信噪比小于或等于信噪比阈值。
可选地，处理单元，用于：根据接收电信号在多个时刻中每个时刻的PSD，分别获取K个频率值分别对应的K个频谱强度，K为大于1的正整数，K个频率值均小于低频阈值。判断多个时刻中是否存在至少一个目标时刻，该目标时刻对应的K个频谱强度满足预设条件，且接收电信号在该目标时刻的噪声与电平阶数正相关。当多个时刻中存在目标时刻，并且，K个频率值中的至少一个频率值在该多个时刻的频谱强度存在波动性，接收电信号在该多个时刻的噪声存在波动性时，确定故障部件包括光纤链路，故障原因包括光纤链路上存在多径干扰。
可选地，预设条件包括：目标时刻对应的K个频谱强度中存在两个频谱强度的差值的绝对值大于频谱强度阈值，或，目标时刻对应的峰均比大于峰均比阈值。目标时刻对应的峰均比为目标时刻对应的K个频谱强度中的最大值与该K个频谱强度的平均量的比值。当预设条件为目标时刻对应的峰均比大于峰均比阈值时，接收电信号在多个时刻分别对应的K个频谱强度存在波动性，包括：多个时刻分别对应的峰均比之间的变化量超出第一变化阈值。
可选地，处理单元，还用于：确定接收电信号的N个功率范围。N为接收电信号的电平 种类的数量。接收电信号的任一符号对应的功率值属于N个功率范围中的一个。N个功率范围中的每个功率范围在每个时刻对应一个噪声参数。噪声参数与对应的功率范围内的各个符号在对应时刻的噪声相关。接收电信号在目标时刻的噪声与电平阶数正相关，包括：第一功率范围在目标时刻对应的噪声参数大于第二功率范围在目标时刻对应的噪声参数，第一功率范围和第二功率范围为N个功率范围中的两个功率范围，且第一功率范围对应的功率值大于第二功率范围对应的功率值。接收电信号在多个时刻的噪声存在波动性，包括：N个功率范围中至少一个功率范围在多个时刻分别对应的噪声参数之间的变化量超出第二变化阈值。
可选地，功率范围在一个时刻对应的噪声参数为功率范围在时刻对应的M个符号噪声的方差、均方差、标准差或均方误差中的一个。其中，M个符号噪声为功率范围所包括的M个符号在时刻对应的M个功率值分别与预设门限的差值，M为大于1的正整数。
可选地，处理单元，还用于：当多个时刻中存在目标时刻，并且，K个频率值中的所有频率值在多个时刻的频谱强度不存在波动性和/或接收电信号在多个时刻的噪声不存在波动性时，确定故障部件包括第一通信设备中的供电部件，故障原因包括该供电部件的输出电压异常。进一步地，对接收电信号进行非线性均衡处理。当经过非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声降低时，确定故障部件还包括第二通信设备的发射器中的激光器和/或第一通信设备的接收器中的跨阻放大器，故障原因还包括该激光器的啁啾过大和/或该跨阻放大器的增益输出电压饱和。当经过非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声未降低时，确定故障部件还包括第二通信设备的发射器中的激光器，故障原因包括该激光器的相对强度噪声值异常。
可选地，处理单元，还用于：当接收电信号在多个时刻中至少一个时刻对应的K个频谱强度满足预设条件，且接收电信号在至少一个时刻的噪声与电平阶数非正相关时，确定故障部件包括第一通信设备中的供电部件，故障原因包括该供电部件的输出电压异常。
可选地，处理单元，还用于：当接收电信号在每个时刻对应的K个频谱强度均不满足预设条件，且接收电信号在多个时刻的噪声均与电平阶数非正相关时，确定故障部件包括第一通信设备的接收器中的跨阻放大器和/或光电探测器，故障原因包括该跨阻放大器的噪声异常和/或该光电探测器的噪声异常。
可选地，处理单元，还用于：当接收电信号在每个时刻对应的K个频谱强度均不满足预设条件，且接收电信号在多个时刻的噪声与电平阶数正相关时，对接收电信号进行非线性均衡处理。当经过非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声降低时，确定故障部件包括第二通信设备的发射器中的激光器和/或第一通信设备的接收器中的跨阻放大器，故障原因包括该激光器的啁啾过大和/或该跨阻放大器的增益输出电压饱和。当经过非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声未降低时，确定故障部件包括第二通信设备的发射器中的激光器，故障原因包括该激光器的相对强度噪声值异常。
可选地，管理设备还包括显示单元。显示单元用于显示故障分析报告，故障分析报告包括光网络系统中的故障部件和故障原因。
第四方面，提供了一种光网络系统，包括管理设备和通信设备。通信设备用于向管理设备发送接收电信号的信号质量，该接收电信号为通信设备对通过光纤链路接收到的来自另一通信设备的光信号进行转换得到的电信号。管理设备包括如第三方面任一所述的管理设备。
第五方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质上存储有指令，当所述指令被处理器执行时，实现上述第一方面及其任意实现方式所述的方法。
第六方面，提供了一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时，实现上述第一方面及其任意实现方式所述的方法。
第七方面，提供了一种芯片，芯片包括可编程逻辑电路和/或程序指令，当芯片运行时，实现上述第一方面及其任意实现方式所述的方法。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种光网络系统的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种故障定位方法的流程示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种确定光网络系统中的故障部件和故障原因的实现过程示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种接收电信号在多个时刻的PSD的示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种通信设备的结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种管理设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
随着第五代无线通信(fifth generation wireless communications，5G)时代的到来以及视频、游戏、智能终端等各种业务的快速增长，光网络系统的规模不断扩大。为了保障光网络系统的业务运行可靠性和稳定性，需要进行日常的运维管理工作。目前对光网络系统的运维管理主要围绕系统资源监测和故障定位展开。这种运维管理的实现方式是当光网络系统发生故障后，通过光纤监测装置或者光模块监测装置反馈的特征参数进行故障定位，继而实现故障排除。
光网络系统包括多个通信设备。每个通信设备都包括光模块。两个通信设备中的光模块之间通过光纤链路连接，以实现两个通信设备之间的通信。
目前，通信设备中的光模块能够监测自身的光网络部件是否故障，并在光网络部件发生故障后发出告警。例如光模块中可以集成有光模块监测装置。光模块监测装置主要包括数据采集模块和数据处理模块。数据采集模块用于通过数字诊断监控(digital diagnostic monitoring，DDM)接口读取光模块的特征参数，包括光模块实时的工作温度、工作电压、工作电流、发送光功率和接收光功率等。数据采集模块将读取到的光模块的特征参数传输至数据处理模块。数据处理模块用于对光模块的特征参数进行处理分析和比较，并在特征参数的值超出告警阈值时，向该光模块所在通信设备中的网络设备进行告警，以指示相应的光网络部件发生故障。其中，光网络部件也可称为光组件(optical sub-assembly，OSA)。
但是，光网络系统中除了光模块可能会发生故障以外，例如光纤链路等其它部件也可能会发生故障。目前光纤链路的故障检测需要人工干预，由运维人员采用专门的光纤监测装置才能对光纤链路进行故障排查和定位。光纤监测装置通常采用光时域反射仪(optical time domain reflectometer，OTDR)实现。OTDR利用光纤链路作为传感器，基于光纤链路中光的干涉、瑞利散射、拉曼散射或布里渊散射等光学效应，利用光时域反射技术实现对光纤链路周边物理量(例如振动、应力、温度、结构损伤等)的测量、分析、监控和定位，以得到光纤 链路的链路状态信息。链路状态信息包括但不限于光纤链路长度、光纤链路所受应力、断点信息、插入损耗、反射信息或环境信息中的一个或多个。其中，断点信息反映光纤链路上有无断点以及断点位置等。插入损耗是指发射器与接收器之间，插入电缆或元件产生的信号损耗，通常指衰减。插入损耗以接收信号电平的对应分贝来表示。反射信息反映光纤链路上反射点的数量、反射点的位置以及反射大小等。环境信息包括光纤链路所处环境的温度以及光纤链路的振动幅度等。
由于目前需要人工干预对光纤链路进行故障检测，因此无法在无人工干预的情况下实现对光网络系统的全链路故障定位。其中，全链路包括发送侧通信设备、光纤链路以及接收侧通信设备。
基于此，本申请提出了一种针对光网络系统的故障定位方法。当接收侧通信设备上的接收电信号的信号质量低于信号质量阈值时，根据接收电信号分别在多个时刻的PSD以及该接收电信号分别在多个时刻的噪声特征，确定光网络系统中的故障部件和故障原因。故障部件包括接收侧通信设备中的光网络部件、发送侧通信设备中的光网络部件或连接发送侧通信设备和接收侧通信设备的光纤链路。其中，接收电信号为接收侧通信设备对通过光纤链路接收到的来自发送侧通信设备的光信号进行转换得到的电信号。本申请实施例中，将接收侧通信设备对通过光纤链路接收到的来自发送侧通信设备的所有光信号进行转换得到的电信号均称为接收电信号，该接收电信号并非特指某一时刻的电信号。例如，发送侧通信设备通过光纤链路向接收侧通信设备持续发送光信号，则接收电信号指的是对持续接收到的光信号进行光电转换得到的连续电信号。上述多个时刻为接收电信号的信号质量低于信号质量阈值之后的多个时刻。例如，接收侧通信设备上的接收电信号的信号质量从时刻T0开始低于信号质量阈值，则可以获取接收电信号在时刻T0之后的多个时刻的PSD和噪声特征以用于故障定位。本申请通过分析接收电信号的信号特征实现对光网络系统的全链路故障定位，这个过程中无需单独对光纤链路进行故障检测，故障定位效率较高，有助于对光网络系统的运维管理。并且整个过程无需人工干预，可以降低运维成本。
下面对本申请实施例涉及的光网络系统进行介绍。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种光网络系统的结构示意图。如图1所示，该光网络系统包括第一通信设备01、第二通信设备02和光纤链路03。每个通信设备都包括光传输装置和网络设备。例如，第一通信设备01包括第一光传输装置011和第一网络设备012。第二通信设备02包括第二光传输装置021和第二网络设备022。第一光传输装置011与第二光传输装置021之间通过光纤链路03连接。
可选地，网络设备可以是路由器、交换机或网关等转发设备。可选地，光传输装置为独立的光模块。这种实现方式下，通信设备包括网络设备和光模块。网络设备中设置有一个或多个单板。每个单板包括处理器和多个端口。一个光模块的一端插在单板上的一个端口中，另一端连接光纤。或者，光传输装置集成在网络设备中。这种实现方式下，通信设备指集成有光传输装置的网络设备。光传输装置具体可以集成在网络设备的单板上。光传输装置的功能可参考光模块的功能，本申请实施例在此不再赘述。可选地，单板包括但不限于业务板、线卡、线路处理单元。图1中以光传输装置为独立的光模块为例进行示意性说明。
光传输装置包括发射器和接收器。一个光传输装置中可以有一个或多个发射器。一个光 传输装置中可以有一个或多个接收器。其中，发射器用于发射光信号，接收器用于接收光信号。参见图1，发射器(图1中未直接示出)可以包括驱动器(driver，DRV)和激光器。激光器可用作电光转换器(electronics to optics conversion，E/O)，用于将电信号转换为光信号。接收器(图1中未直接示出)可以包括光电探测器(photodetector，PD)和跨阻放大器(trans-impedance amplifier，TIA)。光电探测器可用作光电转换器(optics to electronics conversion，O/E)，用于将光信号转换为电信号。
可选地，光纤链路03包括一条或多条光纤，也即是，第一光传输装置011与第二光传输装置021之间可以通过一条或多条光纤连接。例如参见图1，光纤链路03包括光纤031和光纤032。第一光传输装置011的发射器与第二光传输装置021的接收器之间通过光纤031连接，第一光传输装置011的接收器与第二光传输装置021的发射器之间通过光纤032连接。相应地，第一光传输装置011的发射器用于通过光纤031向第二光传输装置021的接收器发射光信号，第一光传输装置011的接收器用于通过光纤032接收来自第二光传输装置021的发射器发射的光信号。第二光传输装置021的发射器用于通过光纤032向第一光传输装置011的接收器发射光信号，第二光传输装置021的接收器用于通过光纤031接收来自第一光传输装置011的发射器发射的光信号。或者，第一光传输装置011的发射器与第二光传输装置021的接收器之间以及第一光传输装置011的接收器与第二光传输装置021的发射器之间通过同一条光纤连接。本申请实施例对此不做限定。
请继续参见图1，光传输装置还包括信号处理单元和特征提取单元。信号处理单元可以是数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)。信号处理单元用于对电信号进行分析处理。特征提取单元用于根据通过光纤链路接收到的光信号转换得到的接收电信号，获取光纤链路的链路性能信息。链路性能信息包括但不限于纠前/纠后误码率(bit error rate，BER)、信噪比(signal to noise ratio，SNR)、MPI相关特征中的一个或多个。其中，MPI相关特征包括接收电信号的PSD和噪声特征。若接收电信号同时满足PSD低频抬起、噪声与电平阶数正相关并且PSD低频抬起量和噪声值在时序上存在波动性，则可以判定光纤链路存在MPI。可选地，特征提取单元还用于提取本端光传输装置的特征参数的值。光传输装置的特征参数包括但不限于光传输装置的发送光功率、接收光功率、模块温度、供电电压和激光器偏置电流。信号处理单元和特征提取单元可以是两个独立的单元，或者也可以集成在一起。
可选地，请继续参见图1，光传输装置还包括处理单元。处理单元用于根据特征提取单元提取的信息，执行本申请实施例提供的故障定位方法。例如，处理单元可以根据接收电信号的误码率和/或信噪比判断光网络系统是否存在故障，并在确定光网络系统存在故障后，根据接收电信号的PSD和噪声特征确定光网络系统中的故障部件和故障原因。可选地，光传输装置中的处理单元可以是一个独立单元，或者也可以与信号处理单元或微控制单元(microcontroller unit，MCU)(图1中未示出)集成。通信设备中的处理单元除了可以部署在光传输装置中以外，还可以部署在网络设备中。值得说明的是，通信设备中的处理单元不是必需的。例如在一些应用场景下，通信设备无需采用处理单元对特征提取单元提取的信息进行处理分析，而是直接将特征提取单元提取的信息发送给管理设备即可，此种应用场景下就无需在通信设备中部署处理单元。
可选地，光传输装置还包括辅助信道调制单元(图1中未示出)和辅助信道解调单元(图1中未示出)。辅助信道调制单元用于对除业务信号以外的例如管理信息、控制信息、特征参 数等非业务信号进行调制，相应地，辅助信道解调单元用于对非业务信号进行解调。基于第一光传输装置011中的辅助信道调制单元和第二光传输装置021中的辅助信道解调单元可以实现一条辅助信道，用于第一光传输装置011向第二光传输装置021传输非业务信号。同理，基于第二光传输装置021中的辅助信道调制单元和第一光传输装置011中的辅助信道解调单元可以实现另一条辅助信道，用于第二光传输装置021向第一光传输装置011传输非业务信号。一个光传输装置内的辅助信道调制单元和辅助信道解调单元可以是同一个单元(称为辅助信道调制/解调单元)，也可以是不同的单元。
可选地，两个光传输装置之间的辅助信道基于连接这两个光传输装置的光纤链路实现。例如在如图1所示的光网络系统中，第一光传输装置011与第二光传输装置012之间的辅助信道基于光纤链路03实现。也即是，辅助信道与业务信道可以共用同一物理链路。本申请实施例中，两个光传输装置之间的辅助信道可以是能够传输两个通信设备之间的非业务信号的任一通信信道。
可选地，辅助信道调制/解调单元可以采用调顶技术实现辅助信道，例如可以采用光传感(light sensor，LS)调顶技术实现辅助信道，具体调制方式包括幅度调制/幅度解调、相位调制/相位解调等。例如，辅助信道调制单元可以采用调顶技术将非业务信号调制在业务信号上进行传输，也即是将非业务信号调制成调顶信号。相应地，辅助信道解调单元对接收到的调顶信号进行解调能够得到非业务信号。这种实现方式下，非业务信号与业务信号在传输过程中共存。
或者，辅助信道调制/解调单元也可以采用插帧技术实现辅助信道，例如可以采用前向纠错(forward error correction，FEC)插帧方式实现辅助信道。例如，辅助信道调制单元可以采用插帧技术将非业务信号插入业务信号的空闲帧字节(例如FEC帧头的保留字节)中进行传输。相应地，辅助信道解调单元提取接收到的信号中的对应字节并进行解调能够得到非业务信号。这种实现方式下，非业务信号与业务信号在传输过程中互不干扰。或者，辅助信道调制单元可以采用插帧技术将非业务信号插入训练序列帧的保留字段中进行传输。相应地，辅助信道解调单元对接收到的训练序列帧的保留字段进行解调能够得到非业务信号。其中，训练序列帧通常在业务信号传输之前传输。
或者，辅助信道调制/解调单元也可以采用链路层发现协议(Link Layer Discovery Protocol，LLDP)通道实现辅助信道。例如，辅助信道调制单元可以将非业务信号承载在LLDP帧的保留字段中进行传输。相应地，辅助信道解调单元对接收到的LLDP帧的保留字段进行解调能够得到非业务信号。
可选地，辅助信道调制/解调单元可以是独立的调制/解调单元，或者也可以与业务信号对应的调制/解调单元集成在一起，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
本申请实施例中，除了可以在光传输装置之间实现了辅助信道以外，在光传输装置内部单元之间、光传输装置与网络设备之间、网络设备与管理设备之间均可以实现辅助信道，通过这些辅助信道可以传递除业务数据之外的其它数据。其中，光传输装置内部单元之间、光传输装置与网络设备之间的辅助通道可以通过总线实现，包括但不限于RS232串行总线或者内集成电路(inter-integrated circuit，I2C)总线。网络设备与管理设备之间的辅助信道通过有线链路或无线链路实现。
可选地，请继续参见图1，光网络系统还包括管理设备04。管理设备04用于管理和控制 网络设备。例如参见图1，第一网络设备012和第二网络设备022分别连接管理设备04。可选地，管理设备04为一台服务器，或者多台服务器组成的服务器集群，或者云平台。
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种故障定位方法的流程示意图。该方法可以应用于如图1所示的光网络系统中的光传输装置、网络设备或管理设备。如图2所示，该方法包括：
步骤201、获取第一通信设备上的接收电信号的信号质量。
本申请实施例以第一通信设备为接收侧通信设备，第二通信设备为发送侧通信设备为例进行说明。第一通信设备上的接收电信号为第一通信设备对通过光纤链路接收到的来自第二通信设备的光信号进行转换得到的电信号。本申请实施例中，将第一通信设备对通过光纤链路接收到的来自第二通信设备的所有光信号进行转换得到的电信号均称为接收电信号，该接收电信号并非特指某一时刻的电信号。例如，第二通信设备通过光纤链路向第一通信设备持续发送光信号，则该接收电信号指的是对持续接收到的光信号进行光电转换得到的连续电信号。
可选地，信号质量采用误码率和/或信噪比表示。第一通信设备包括第一光传输装置，第二通信设备包括第二光传输装置。可选地，第一光传输装置中的特征提取单元可以实时获取接收电信号的信号质量以及接收电信号的PSD和噪声特征，并将获取的信息传输给处理单元。处理单元用于判断接收电信号的信号质量是否低于信号质量阈值。
其中，接收电信号的信号质量低于信号质量阈值，包括：接收电信号的误码率大于或等于误码率阈值，和/或，接收电信号的信噪比小于或等于信噪比阈值。也即是，信号质量阈值包括误码率阈值和/或信噪比阈值。当信号质量采用误码率表示时，信号质量阈值为误码率阈值，接收电信号的信号质量低于信号质量阈值，即接收电信号的误码率大于或等于误码率阈值。当信号质量采用信噪比表示时，信号质量阈值为信噪比阈值，接收电信号的信号质量低于信号质量阈值，即接收电信号的信噪比小于或等于信噪比阈值。当信号质量采用误码率和信噪比表示时，信号质量阈值包括误码率阈值和信噪比阈值，接收电信号的信号质量低于信号质量阈值，包括：同时满足接收电信号的误码率大于或等于误码率阈值以及接收电信号的信噪比小于或等于信噪比阈值这两个条件；或者，满足接收电信号的误码率大于或等于误码率阈值以及接收电信号的信噪比小于或等于信噪比阈值中的至少一个条件。
可选地，通信设备上电后，该通信设备的光传输装置中的特征提取单元可以收集该光传输装置的特征参数的值，例如采用DDM技术获取光传输装置的特征参数的值。光传输装置的特征参数包括但不限于发送光功率、接收光功率、模块温度、供电电压和激光器偏置电流。处理单元可以在接收侧通信设备和/或发送侧通信设备的光传输装置的特征参数的值都正常的情况下，判断接收电信号的信号质量是否低于信号质量阈值。若某个特征参数的值超出了告警阈值，则处理单元可以输出故障告警，以指示相应的光网络部件发生故障，以便运维人员进行故障排查。例如，当光传输装置的激光器偏置电流值超出了正常偏置电流阈值时，处理单元可以输出故障告警，以指示该光传输装置中的激光器发生故障。又例如，当光传输装置的接收光功率值过低或无光时，处理单元可以输出故障告警，以指示该光传输装置中的接收器可能发生故障，或者光纤链路可能衰减过大或断路，又或者发送侧光传输装置的发射器可能发生故障。
本申请实施例中，处理单元在判断接收电信号的信号质量是否低于信号质量阈值之前， 可以先判断接收侧通信设备和/或发送侧通信设备的光传输装置的特征参数的值是否正常，以排查光网络系统中的部分硬件故障。在所有特征参数的值都反映对应的光网络部件的工作状态正常的情况下，处理单元再判断接收电信号的信号质量是否低于信号质量阈值，这样可以排除光网络系统中的部分硬件故障对接收电信号的信号质量的影响，以提高后续故障定位的准确性。
步骤202、当第一通信设备上的接收电信号的信号质量低于信号质量阈值时，根据该接收电信号分别在多个时刻的PSD以及该接收电信号分别在该多个时刻的噪声特征，确定光网络系统中的故障部件和故障原因。
其中，故障部件包括第一通信设备中的光网络部件、第二通信设备中的光网络部件或光纤链路。例如，故障部件包括光纤链路，故障原因包括光纤链路上存在MPI。或者，故障部件包括第一通信设备中的供电部件，故障原因包括该供电部件的输出电压异常，以及该激光器的啁啾过大和/或该跨阻放大器的增益输出电压饱和。又或者，故障部件包括第一通信设备的接收器中的跨阻放大器和/或光电探测器，故障原因包括该跨阻放大器的噪声异常和/或该光电探测器的噪声异常。又或者，故障部件包括第二通信设备的发射器中的激光器和/或第一通信设备的接收器中的跨阻放大器，故障原因包括该激光器的啁啾过大和/或该跨阻放大器的增益输出电压饱和。又或者，故障部件包括第二通信设备的发射器中的激光器，故障原因包括该激光器的RIN值异常。
可选地，当第一通信设备上的接收电信号的信号质量不低于信号质量阈值时，持续监测第一通信设备上的接收电信号的信号质量。
可选地，图3是本申请实施例提供的一种确定光网络系统中的故障部件和故障原因的实现过程示意图。如图3所示，该实现流程包括以下步骤2021至步骤2031。
在步骤2021中，根据接收电信号在多个时刻中每个时刻的PSD，分别获取K个频率值分别对应的K个频谱强度。
K为大于1的正整数，K个频率值均小于低频阈值。可选地，低频阈值的大小与光纤链路的长度正相关，也即是，光纤链路的长度越大，该低频阈值的取值越大，反之光纤链路的长度越小，该低频阈值的取值越小。本申请实施例对低频阈值的具体取值不做限定。
上述多个时刻为判定接收电信号的信号质量低于信号质量阈值之后的多个时刻。例如，第一通信设备上的接收电信号的信号质量从时刻T0开始低于信号质量阈值，则可以获取该接收电信号在时刻T0之后的多个时刻的PSD和噪声特征。
可选地，对一个时刻的电信号进行傅里叶变换，可以得到该电信号在该时刻的PSD。PSD为用于指示电信号的频谱强度与频率值的对应关系的物理量。例如，图4是本申请实施例提供的一种接收电信号在多个时刻的PSD的示意图。图4中的横坐标为频率，单位为千兆赫兹(GHz)，纵坐标为频谱强度，单位为dB/GHz，dB表示分贝。图4示出了5条曲线，该5条曲线分别代表接收电信号在5个时刻的PSD。该5个时刻在时序上依次包括时刻T1至时刻T5。时刻T1至时刻T1均在上述时刻T0之后。假设图4中在低频范围内由上至下依次排列的5条曲线分别代表接收电信号在时刻T1至时刻T5的PSD。图4中低频阈值取值为0.15GHz，相应的低频范围为0至0.15GHz。
在步骤2022中，判断该多个时刻中是否存在至少一个目标时刻，该目标时刻对应的K个频谱强度满足预设条件，且该接收电信号在该目标时刻的噪声与电平阶数正相关。
可选地，目标时刻对应的K个频谱强度满足预设条件，包括：目标时刻对应的K个频谱强度中存在两个频谱强度的差值的绝对值大于频谱强度阈值。或，目标时刻对应的峰均比(peak to average power ratio，PAPR)大于峰均比阈值，该峰均比为目标时刻对应的K个频谱强度中的最大值与该K个频谱强度的平均量的比值。K个频谱强度的平均量可以是K个频谱强度的平均值、中位数或加权平均值等。
目标时刻对应的K个频谱强度满足预设条件，换句话来说就是，接收电信号在目标时刻的PSD满足低频抬起，即接收电信号在目标时刻的PSD在低频范围内所对应的频谱强度的跳变程度较大。例如参见图4，K个频率值包括频率f1和频率f2，假设频率f1在时刻T1对应的频谱强度为m1，频率f2在时刻T1对应的频谱强度为m1’，若m1与m1’的差值大于频谱强度阈值，则可以确定时刻T1对应的K个频谱强度满足预设条件。
接收电信号在目标时刻的噪声与电平阶数正相关，也即是，接收电信号在目标时刻的高电平对应的噪声大于该接收电信号在目标时刻的低电平对应的噪声。
可选地，处理单元确定接收电信号的N个功率范围，N为接收电信号的电平种类的数量。接收电信号的任一符号对应的功率值属于该N个功率范围中的一个。N个功率范围中的每个功率范围在每个时刻对应一个噪声参数，该噪声参数与对应的功率范围内的各个符号在对应时刻的噪声相关。接收电信号在目标时刻的噪声与电平阶数正相关，包括：第一功率范围在目标时刻对应的噪声参数大于第二功率范围在目标时刻对应的噪声参数，第一功率范围和第二功率范围为N个功率范围中的两个功率范围，且第一功率范围对应的功率值大于第二功率范围对应的功率值。可选地，一个功率范围在一个时刻对应的噪声参数为该功率范围在该时刻对应的M个符号噪声的方差、均方差、标准差或均方误差中的一个。其中，M个符号噪声为该功率范围所包括的M个符号在该时刻对应的M个功率值分别与预设门限的差值。M为大于1的正整数。
接收电信号的电平种类的数量与接收电信号的信号种类相关。例如，接收电信号的信号种类为四电平调制(pulse amplitude modulation 4，PAM4)信号，PAM4信号采用四个不同的电平来进行信号传输，即该接收电信号有四个电平种类。本申请实施例对接收电信号的信号种类不做限定。例如，该接收电信号的信号种类还可以是非归零码(non return to zero，NRZ)信号、八电平调制(pulse amplitude modulation 8，PAM8)或十六电平调制(pulse amplitude modulation 16，PAM16)信号等。
可选地，本申请实施例对判定接收电信号在一个时刻的噪声与电平阶数正相关的实现流程进行说明。该实现流程中的电信号指的是接收电信号在一个时刻的具体电信号。该实现流程包括以下步骤A1至步骤A4。
在步骤A1中，处理单元在确定接收电信号的N个功率范围之后，获取N个功率范围中每个功率范围所包括的M个符号分别对应的M个功率值。
本申请实施例提供的电信号可以包括一系列的符号，如符号a1、a2、a3至aX。本申请实施例对X的取值不做限定。处理单元逐一确定电信号所包括的符号的功率值。假设处理单元确定了四个功率范围，包括第一功率范围、第二功率范围、第三功率范围以及第四功率范围。处理单元确定符号a1对应的功率值归一化后位于第一功率范围内，则对第一功率范围的频数计数为1。处理单元确定符号a2对应的功率值归一化后位于第三功率范围内，则对第三功率范围的频数计数为1。处理单元确定符号a3对应的功率值位于第一功率范围内，则对该第一 功率范围的频数累计计数为2，依次类推。这样处理单元能够确定目标功率范围所包括的M个符号分别对应的M个功率值。目标功率范围为处理单元所确定的N个功率范围中的任一个。该M个符号可以为该目标功率范围所包括的所有符号，或者也可为该目标功率范围所包括的部分符号。
在步骤A2中，处理单元确定目标功率范围对应的M个符号噪声。
可选地，处理单元通过以下公式对目标功率范围所包括的M个符号分别对应的M个功率值逐一进行判决，以确定M个符号噪声。该公式为：Noise(ai)＝Signal(ai)-Threshold。
其中，Noise(ai)表示目标功率范围所包括的M个符号中，第i个符号(即ai)的符号噪声，该符号ai的功率值位于目标功率范围内，且ai为目标功率范围所包括的M个符号中的一个。Signal(ai)为该符号ai的功率值，该Threshold为处理单元预先设置的预设门限。即，目标功率范围内的任一符号噪声Noise(ai)为该符号ai的功率值Signal(ai)与预设门限Threshold的差值。
在步骤A3中，处理单元获取目标功率范围对应的噪声参数。
该目标功率范围对应的噪声参数可为目标功率范围对应的M个符号噪声的平均量。具体地，该目标功率范围对应的噪声参数为目标功率范围对应的M个符号噪声的方差、均方差、标准差、或均方误差。
在步骤A4，当M个功率范围中第一功率范围对应的噪声参数大于第二功率范围对应的噪声参数时，处理单元确定电信号的噪声与电平阶数正相关。
在步骤2023中，当该多个时刻中存在目标时刻，并且，K个频率值中的至少一个频率值在该多个时刻的频谱强度存在波动性，该接收电信号在该多个时刻的噪声存在波动性时，确定故障部件包括光纤链路，故障原因包括光纤链路上存在多径干扰。
一个频率值在多个时刻分别对应多个频谱强度。一个频率值在多个时刻的频谱强度存在波动性，指该频率值在多个时刻分别对应的多个频谱强度存在波动性。例如参见图4，K个频率值包括频率f1，假设频率f1在时刻T1对应的频谱强度为m1，频率f1在时刻T2对应的频谱强度为m2，频率f1在时刻T3对应的频谱强度为m3，频率f1在时刻T4对应的频谱强度为m4，频率f1在时刻T5对应的频谱强度为m5，基于图4可知，频率f1在不同时刻对应的频谱强度不同，即频率f1在时刻T1至时刻T5对应的频谱强度存在波动性。
可选地，当上述预设条件为目标时刻对应的峰均比大于峰均比阈值时，接收电信号在多个时刻分别对应的K个频谱强度存在波动性，包括：多个时刻分别对应的峰均比之间的变化量超出第一变化阈值。可选地，多个时刻分别对应的峰均比之间的变化量可以是多个时刻分别对应的峰均比的方差、均方差、标准差或均方误差。
可选地，接收电信号在目标时刻的噪声与电平阶数正相关，包括：第一功率范围在目标时刻对应的噪声参数大于第二功率范围在目标时刻对应的噪声参数。则接收电信号在多个时刻的噪声存在波动性，包括：N个功率范围中至少一个功率范围在多个时刻分别对应的噪声参数之间的变化量超出第二变化阈值。例如，上述第一功率范围在多个时刻分别对应的噪声参数的方差大于第二变化阈值。
由于光纤链路上的MPI通常是由于光纤链路上存在反射点造成的，因此可以进一步确定故障部件包括光纤链路上的光纤连接器。
在步骤2024中，当该多个时刻中存在目标时刻，并且，K个频率值中的所有频率值在该 多个时刻的频谱强度不存在波动性和/或该接收电信号在该多个时刻的噪声不存在波动性时，确定故障部件包括第一通信设备中的供电部件，故障原因包括该供电部件的输出电压异常。
该多个时刻中存在目标时刻，也就是说，接收电信号的PSD满足低频抬起，且接收电信号的噪声与电平阶数正相关。
接收电信号的PSD满足低频抬起，在排除是光纤链路上的MPI导致的之后，可以怀疑是接收侧通信设备中的供电部件的输出电压异常导致的。通信设备中的供电部件包括通信设备中的光传输装置的供电部件和/或通信设备中的网络设备的供电部件。
接收电信号的噪声与电平阶数正相关，说明接收电信号存在电平相关噪声。电平相关噪声可能是由于发射器中的激光器的啁啾过大和/或接收器中的跨阻放大器的增益输出电压饱和导致的非线性噪声，也可能是由于发射器中的激光器的RIN值异常导致的光源本征噪声。由于光源本征噪声无法通过非线性均衡处理来消除，因此可以对接收电信号进行非线性均衡处理以进一步明确噪声类型。
在步骤2025中，当经过非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声降低时，确定故障部件还包括第二通信设备的发射器中的激光器和/或第一通信设备的接收器中的跨阻放大器，故障原因还包括该激光器的啁啾过大和/或该跨阻放大器的增益输出电压饱和。
经过非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声降低，说明接收电信号存在非线性噪声，进而处理单元可以确定故障部件包括发射器中的激光器和/或接收器中的跨阻放大器。
在步骤2026中，当经过非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声未降低时，确定故障部件还包括第二通信设备的发射器中的激光器，故障原因包括该激光器的RIN值异常。
经过非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声未降低，说明接收电信号不存在非线性噪声，进一步推断接收电信号中的电平相关噪声可能是激光器的光源本征噪声，进而处理单元可以确定故障部件包括发射器中的激光器。
在步骤2027中，当该接收电信号在该多个时刻中至少一个时刻对应的K个频谱强度满足预设条件，且该接收电信号在该至少一个时刻的噪声与电平阶数非正相关时，确定故障部件包括第一通信设备中的供电部件，故障原因包括该供电部件的输出电压异常。
接收电信号在该多个时刻中至少一个时刻对应的K个频谱强度满足预设条件，即接收电信号的PSD满足低频抬起，在排除是光纤链路上的MPI导致的之后，可以怀疑是接收侧通信设备中的供电部件的输出电压异常导致的。
在步骤2028中，当该接收电信号在该多个时刻中每个时刻对应的K个频谱强度均不满足预设条件，且该接收电信号在该多个时刻的噪声均与电平阶数非正相关时，确定故障部件包括第一通信设备的接收器中的跨阻放大器和/或光电探测器，故障原因包括该跨阻放大器的噪声异常和/或该光电探测器的噪声异常。
在步骤2029中，当该接收电信号在每个时刻对应的K个频谱强度均不满足预设条件，且该接收电信号在该多个时刻的噪声与电平阶数正相关时，对该接收电信号进行非线性均衡处理。
接收电信号的噪声与电平阶数正相关，说明接收电信号存在电平相关噪声。电平相关噪声可能是由于发射器中的激光器的啁啾过大和/或接收器中的跨阻放大器的增益输出电压饱和导致的非线性噪声，也可能是由于发射器中的激光器的RIN值异常导致的光源本征噪声。由于光源本征噪声无法通过非线性均衡处理来消除，因此可以对接收电信号进行非线性均衡 处理以进一步明确噪声类型。
在步骤2030中，当经过非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声降低时，确定故障部件包括第二通信设备的发射器中的激光器和/或第一通信设备的接收器中的跨阻放大器，故障原因包括该激光器的啁啾过大和/或该跨阻放大器的增益输出电压饱和。
此步骤2030的解释可参考上述步骤2025的相关解释，本申请实施例在此不再赘述。
在步骤2031中，当经过非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声未降低时，确定故障部件包括第二通信设备的发射器中的激光器，故障原因包括该激光器的RIN值异常。
此步骤2031的解释可参考上述步骤2026的相关解释，本申请实施例在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例通过分析接收电信号的信号特征实现对光网络系统的全链路故障定位，这个过程中无需单独对光纤链路进行故障检测，通过排除法逐步定位故障来源，故障定位效率较高，有助于对光网络系统的运维管理。并且整个过程无需人工干预，可以降低运维成本。
可选地，处理单元在确定光网络系统中的故障部件和故障原因之后，还可以执行步骤203。
步骤203、输出故障分析报告，该故障分析报告包括故障部件和故障原因。
如果上述方法由光传输装置或网络设备中的处理单元执行，输出故障分析报告可以理解为，向管理设备发送故障分析报告，以供管理设备显示该故障分析报告。如果网络设备具有显示功能，网络设备也可以显示该故障分析报告。如果上述方法由管理设备中的处理单元执行，输出故障分析报告可以理解为显示故障分析报告。本申请实施例通过输出故障分析报告，便于运维人员有针对性地对光网络系统中的可能故障部件进行故障排查，进而可以缩短故障修复时间，提高光网络系统的运行可靠性。
在本申请实施例提供的故障定位方法中，通过在线分析接收电信号的信号特征实现对光网络系统的全链路故障定位，这个过程中无需单独对光纤链路进行故障检测，故障定位效率较高，有助于对光网络系统的运维管理。并且整个过程无需人工干预，可以降低运维成本。具体可以根据接收电信号的信号特征通过排除法逐步定位故障来源。进一步可以输出故障分析报告，便于运维人员有针对性地对光网络系统中的可能故障部件进行故障排查，进而可以缩短故障修复时间，提高光网络系统的运行可靠性。
可选地，用于执行图2所示方法的处理单元可以是如图5所示的通信设备500中的处理单元501。通信设备500中的处理单元501位于通信设备500中的光传输装置或网络设备中。处理单元501用于执行图2所示的方法中的步骤201至步骤202。
可选地，请继续参见图5，通信设备500还包括发送单元502。发送单元502用于向管理设备发送故障分析报告，该故障分析报告包括该通信设备所在的光网络系统中的故障部件和故障原因。如果通信设备500具有显示功能，通信设备500还可以通过显示单元显示故障分析报告。
上述通信设备500在不包括发送单元502的情况下，可以是一个光传输装置。
可选地，用于执行图2所示方法的处理单元可以是如图6所示的管理设备600中的处理单元602。如图6所示，管理设备600包括接收单元601和处理单元602。接收单元601，用于接收光网络系统中的第一通信设备发送的接收电信号的信号质量，该接收电信号为第一通信设备对通过光纤链路接收到的来自光网络系统中的第二通信设备的光信号进行转换得到的 电信号。处理单元602，用于执行图2所示的方法中的步骤201至步骤202。
可选地，请继续参见图6，管理设备600还包括显示单元603。显示单元603用于显示故障分析报告，该故障分析报告包括光网络系统中的故障部件和故障原因。
关于上述实施例中的装置，其中各个模块执行操作的具体方式已经在有关该方法的实施例中进行了详细描述，此处将不做详细阐述说明。
本申请实施例还提供了一种光网络系统，包括管理设备和通信设备。通信设备用于向管理设备发送接收电信号的信号质量，该接收电信号为该通信设备对通过光纤链路接收到的来自另一通信设备的光信号进行转换得到的电信号。管理设备可以是如图6所示的管理设备。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质上存储有指令，当所述指令被处理器执行时，实现上述图2所示的方法。
本申请实施例提供了一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时，实现图2所示的方法。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过硬件来完成，也可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。
在本申请实施例中，术语“第一”、“第二”和“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
以上所述仅为本申请的可选实施例，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的构思和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种故障定位方法，其特征在于，应用于光网络系统，所述光网络系统包括第一通信设备和第二通信设备，所述第一通信设备与所述第二通信设备通过光纤链路连接，所述方法包括：
    获取所述第一通信设备上的接收电信号的信号质量，所述接收电信号为所述第一通信设备对通过所述光纤链路接收到的来自所述第二通信设备的光信号进行转换得到的电信号；
    当所述接收电信号的信号质量低于信号质量阈值时，根据所述接收电信号分别在多个时刻的功率频谱密度PSD以及所述接收电信号分别在所述多个时刻的噪声特征，确定所述光网络系统中的故障部件和故障原因，所述故障部件包括所述第一通信设备中的光网络部件、所述第二通信设备中的光网络部件或所述光纤链路。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接收电信号的信号质量低于信号质量阈值，包括：所述接收电信号的误码率大于或等于误码率阈值，和/或，所述接收电信号的信噪比小于或等于信噪比阈值。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述接收电信号分别在多个时刻的功率频谱密度PSD以及所述接收电信号分别在所述多个时刻的噪声特征，确定所述光网络系统中的故障部件和故障原因，包括：
    根据所述接收电信号在所述多个时刻中每个时刻的PSD，分别获取K个频率值分别对应的K个频谱强度，所述K为大于1的正整数，所述K个频率值均小于低频阈值；
    判断所述多个时刻中是否存在至少一个目标时刻，所述目标时刻对应的K个频谱强度满足预设条件，且所述接收电信号在所述目标时刻的噪声与电平阶数正相关；
    当所述多个时刻中存在所述目标时刻，并且，所述K个频率值中的至少一个频率值在所述多个时刻的频谱强度存在波动性，所述接收电信号在所述多个时刻的噪声存在波动性时，确定所述故障部件包括所述光纤链路，所述故障原因包括所述光纤链路上存在多径干扰。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述预设条件包括：所述目标时刻对应的K个频谱强度中存在两个频谱强度的差值的绝对值大于频谱强度阈值，或，所述目标时刻对应的峰均比大于峰均比阈值，所述峰均比为所述K个频谱强度中的最大值与所述K个频谱强度的平均量的比值；
    当所述预设条件为所述目标时刻对应的峰均比大于峰均比阈值时，所述接收电信号在所述多个时刻分别对应的K个频谱强度存在波动性，包括：所述多个时刻分别对应的峰均比之间的变化量超出第一变化阈值。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    确定所述接收电信号的N个功率范围，所述N为所述接收电信号的电平种类的数量，所述接收电信号的任一符号对应的功率值属于所述N个功率范围中的一个，所述N个功率范围 中的每个功率范围在所述每个时刻对应一个噪声参数，所述噪声参数与对应的所述功率范围内的各个符号在对应时刻的噪声相关；
    所述接收电信号在所述目标时刻的噪声与电平阶数正相关，包括：第一功率范围在所述目标时刻对应的噪声参数大于第二功率范围在所述目标时刻对应的噪声参数，所述第一功率范围和所述第二功率范围为所述N个功率范围中的两个功率范围，且所述第一功率范围对应的功率值大于所述第二功率范围对应的功率值；
    所述接收电信号在所述多个时刻的噪声存在波动性，包括：所述N个功率范围中至少一个功率范围在所述多个时刻分别对应的噪声参数之间的变化量超出第二变化阈值。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述功率范围在一个时刻对应的噪声参数为所述功率范围在所述时刻对应的M个符号噪声的方差、均方差、标准差或均方误差中的一个，其中，所述M个符号噪声为所述功率范围所包括的M个符号在所述时刻对应的M个功率值分别与预设门限的差值，所述M为大于1的正整数。
  7. 根据权利要求3至6任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    当所述多个时刻中存在所述目标时刻，并且，所述K个频率值中的所有频率值在所述多个时刻的频谱强度不存在波动性和/或所述接收电信号在所述多个时刻的噪声不存在波动性时，确定所述故障部件包括所述第一通信设备中的供电部件，所述故障原因包括所述供电部件的输出电压异常；
    对所述接收电信号进行非线性均衡处理；
    当经过所述非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声降低时，确定所述故障部件还包括所述第二通信设备的发射器中的激光器和/或所述第一通信设备的接收器中的跨阻放大器，所述故障原因还包括所述激光器的啁啾过大和/或所述跨阻放大器的增益输出电压饱和；
    当经过所述非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声未降低时，确定所述故障部件还包括所述第二通信设备的发射器中的激光器，所述故障原因包括所述激光器的相对强度噪声值异常。
  8. 根据权利要求3至6任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    当所述接收电信号在所述多个时刻中至少一个时刻对应的K个频谱强度满足所述预设条件，且所述接收电信号在所述至少一个时刻的噪声与电平阶数非正相关时，确定所述故障部件包括所述第一通信设备中的供电部件，所述故障原因包括所述供电部件的输出电压异常。
  9. 根据权利要求3至6任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    当所述接收电信号在所述每个时刻对应的K个频谱强度均不满足所述预设条件，且所述接收电信号在所述多个时刻的噪声均与电平阶数非正相关时，确定所述故障部件包括所述第一通信设备的接收器中的跨阻放大器和/或光电探测器，所述故障原因包括所述跨阻放大器的噪声异常和/或所述光电探测器的噪声异常。
  10. 根据权利要求3至6任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    当所述接收电信号在所述每个时刻对应的K个频谱强度均不满足所述预设条件，且所述 接收电信号在所述多个时刻的噪声与电平阶数正相关时，对所述接收电信号进行非线性均衡处理；
    当经过所述非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声降低时，确定所述故障部件包括所述第二通信设备的发射器中的激光器和/或所述第一通信设备的接收器中的跨阻放大器，所述故障原因包括所述激光器的啁啾过大和/或所述跨阻放大器的增益输出电压饱和；
    当经过所述非线性均衡处理的接收电信号的噪声未降低时，确定所述故障部件包括所述第二通信设备的发射器中的激光器，所述故障原因包括所述激光器的相对强度噪声值异常。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    输出故障分析报告，所述故障分析报告包括所述故障部件和所述故障原因。
  12. 一种通信设备，其特征在于，包括处理单元，所述处理单元用于执行如权利要求1至10任一所述的方法。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述通信设备还包括发送单元，所述发送单元用于向管理设备发送故障分析报告，所述故障分析报告包括所述通信设备所在的光网络系统中的故障部件和故障原因。
  14. 一种管理设备，其特征在于，包括接收单元和处理单元；
    所述接收单元，用于接收光网络系统中的第一通信设备发送的接收电信号的信号质量，所述接收电信号为所述第一通信设备对通过光纤链路接收到的来自所述光网络系统中的第二通信设备的光信号进行转换得到的电信号；
    所述处理单元，用于执行如权利要求1至10任一所述的方法。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的管理设备，其特征在于，所述管理设备还包括显示单元；
    所述显示单元用于显示故障分析报告，所述故障分析报告包括所述光网络系统中的故障部件和故障原因。
  16. 一种光网络系统，其特征在于，包括管理设备和通信设备；
    所述通信设备用于向所述管理设备发送接收电信号的信号质量，所述接收电信号为所述通信设备对通过光纤链路接收到的来自另一通信设备的光信号进行转换得到的电信号；所述管理设备包括如权利要求14或15所述的管理设备。
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