WO2023068242A1 - エチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体およびエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
エチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体およびエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023068242A1 WO2023068242A1 PCT/JP2022/038680 JP2022038680W WO2023068242A1 WO 2023068242 A1 WO2023068242 A1 WO 2023068242A1 JP 2022038680 W JP2022038680 W JP 2022038680W WO 2023068242 A1 WO2023068242 A1 WO 2023068242A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ethylene
- vinyl alcohol
- alcohol copolymer
- vinyl
- evoh
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- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004715 ethylene vinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 150000004291 polyenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 44
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WSWCOQWTEOXDQX-MQQKCMAXSA-M (E,E)-sorbate Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C\C([O-])=O WSWCOQWTEOXDQX-MQQKCMAXSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940075554 sorbate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- RZXDTJIXPSCHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene-2,5-diol Chemical compound OC(=C)CCC(O)=C RZXDTJIXPSCHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001028 reflection method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;ethenol Chemical compound C=C.OC=C UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 84
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 64
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 32
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- -1 acetate ester Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MWWXARALRVYLAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetyloxybut-3-enyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(C=C)OC(C)=O MWWXARALRVYLAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JSNRRGGBADWTMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (6E)-7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC(=C)C=C JSNRRGGBADWTMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 7,7-dimethyloctaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,2-diol Chemical group CCC(O)CO BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000005671 trienes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- CXENHBSYCFFKJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3E,6E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCC=C(C)C=C CXENHBSYCFFKJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-1,3-pentadiene Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FKAKGSJLTBVQOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(acetyloxymethyl)prop-2-enyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(=C)COC(C)=O FKAKGSJLTBVQOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- GNEUVQRNOYJQLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hept-6-enyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCCCCC=C GNEUVQRNOYJQLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIZVMOZAXAMASY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hex-5-en-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCCC=C UIZVMOZAXAMASY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPLWNENKBSBMFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hex-5-enyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCCCC=C MPLWNENKBSBMFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical group CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKFGINPQOCXMAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediol Chemical compound OCO CKFGINPQOCXMAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- ADTJPOBHAXXXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCCNC(=O)C=C ADTJPOBHAXXXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC=C RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylformamide Chemical compound C=CNC=O ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KSJMDYSDXPCYEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N nona-3,5,7-trienoic acid Chemical compound CC=CC=CC=CCC(O)=O KSJMDYSDXPCYEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- LQAVWYMTUMSFBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-4-en-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCC=C LQAVWYMTUMSFBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-M pent-4-enoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC=C HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDAWXSQJJCIFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium methoxide Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C BDAWXSQJJCIFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl propan-2-yloxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC(C)C BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930002330 retinoic acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011607 retinol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003471 retinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020944 retinol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSWCOQWTEOXDQX-MQQKCMAXSA-N sorbic acid group Chemical class C(\C=C\C=C\C)(=O)O WSWCOQWTEOXDQX-MQQKCMAXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- JFLKFZNIIQFQBS-FNCQTZNRSA-N trans,trans-1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-butadiene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 JFLKFZNIIQFQBS-FNCQTZNRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJPBRODHZKDRCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-alpha-ocimene Natural products CC(=C)CCC=C(C)C=C XJPBRODHZKDRCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001727 tretinoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QVWDCTQRORVHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tropone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC=CC=C1 QVWDCTQRORVHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001862 ultra low molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZNHSOLOMVOZLNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N undeca-3,5,7,9-tetraenoic acid Chemical compound CC=CC=CC=CC=CCC(O)=O ZNHSOLOMVOZLNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsilane Chemical class [SiH3]C=C UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N vitamin D3 Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005282 vitamin D3 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011647 vitamin D3 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940021056 vitamin d3 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/12—Hydrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08L29/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer and a method for producing an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer.
- Patent Document 1 the stability of coloration and melt viscosity over time in melt molding of a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin is determined by limiting the number of carbonyl groups present in the resin to a certain level or less, It is proposed that this can be achieved by controlling the concentration of at least one of the metal salts, and that the absorbance at 280 nm and the pH of a 4% by weight aqueous solution of the resin are used as indicators.
- polyvinyl alcohol resins have a high melting point and are easily decomposed in a molten state, so various attempts have been made to lower the melting point. In particular, many attempts have been made to improve quality by copolymerizing ethylene to form an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, thereby facilitating melt molding and further reducing coloration.
- an aliphatic alcohol having 4 or less carbon atoms is used as a polymerization solvent in the production of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having an ethylene content of 5 to 60 mol%, and the content of acetaldehyde and saturated acetic acid with respect to vinyl acetate It is proposed that the content of the ester is set to a specific value or less and the polymerization is performed at a specific temperature to reduce the coloring and gelling of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer obtained after saponification.
- Patent Document 3 when producing an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having an ethylene content of 5 to 60 mol%, by adding a compound having a conjugated double bond having a molecular weight of 1000 or less after completion of polymerization, after saponification, An ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer containing 0.1 to 3000 ppm of a compound having a conjugated double bond with a molecular weight of 1000 or less has been proposed.
- Patent Document 4 proposes a film coating agent containing a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol-based polymer containing 3 to 19 mol% of ethylene.
- JP 2011-241234 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-194009 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-206999 JP-A-2000-119585
- Patent Document 2 describes that acetaldehyde acts as a chain transfer agent during the polymerization reaction, and when the acetaldehyde content in the raw material exceeds 200 ppm, coloration and gelation of the molded product become apparent. Furthermore, Patent Document 2 describes removal of unreacted vinyl acetate from the solution after completion of polymerization, but does not describe control of the amount of vinyl acetate in the solution after completion of polymerization.
- Patent Document 3 it is preferable to add a compound having a conjugated double bond having a molecular weight of 1000 or less before the step of removing vinyl acetate after polymerization, because the compound having a conjugated double bond prevents deterioration.
- ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers containing compounds having less than 150 ppm of conjugated double bonds there is no mention of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers containing compounds having less than 150 ppm of conjugated double bonds.
- Patent Document 4 only describes a method of forming a barrier layer by applying an aqueous solution to a base material, and does not describe an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer that can reduce coloration of melt-molded products.
- the present invention provides an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer having an ethylene structural unit content of 1 to 16.5 mol % that can reduce coloration of melt-molded products.
- the present inventor has determined that the content of the ethylene structural unit of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer is within a specific range, and that after heating in the air at 170°C for 5 hours, JIS K7373 The inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by setting the yellowness index determined by the reflection measurement method to 80 or less.
- the present invention has the following aspects.
- [Yellowness test] After heating the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer particles at 170° C. for 5 hours in the air, the degree of yellowness is determined by a reflection measurement method according to JIS K7373.
- the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer according to [1] which has a sodium acetate content of 0.15% by mass or less as measured according to JIS K6726.
- [3] The ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer according to [1] or [2], further containing 0.1 ppm or more and 10 ppm or less of conjugated polyene.
- [4] The ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer according to [3], wherein the conjugated polyene is at least one selected from the group consisting of sorbic acid, sorbate and sorbate.
- [5] The ethylene-vinyl alcohol system according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the ethylene-vinyl alcohol-based copolymer comprises an ethylene-vinyl alcohol-based copolymer having a structural unit containing a primary hydroxyl group in a side chain. copolymer.
- [6] A method for producing an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer according to any one of [3] to [5], wherein a solution of copolymerization components containing ethylene and a vinyl ester monomer is subjected to a copolymerization reaction, A method for producing an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, in which 0.001 to 0.125 parts by mass of conjugated polyene is added to 100 parts by mass of charged vinyl ester monomer at the end of the process, followed by saponification.
- the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer of the present invention can reduce coloration when melt-molded using it. Since the melt-molded product has reduced coloration, it can be suitably used as a food packaging material that requires high transparency and gas barrier properties, and its commercial value can be increased. Further, according to the method for producing an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer of the present invention, an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer with reduced coloration can be efficiently obtained.
- x and/or y (x and y are arbitrary constituents or components)" means three combinations of x only, y only, and x and y.
- x to y (x and y are arbitrary numbers)
- it means “x or more and y or less” and “preferably larger than x” or “preferably It also includes the meaning of "less than y”.
- it is also possible to express “preferably greater than x” or “preferably less than y” It also includes meaning.
- An ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (hereinafter referred to as “EVOH”) according to an embodiment of the present invention has an ethylene structural unit content of 1 to 16.5 mol %, and is heated in air at 170° C. After heating for 5 hours, the yellowness determined by the reflection measuring method according to JIS K7373 is 80 or less.
- the present EVOH will be described below.
- the EVOH is usually a thermoplastic resin obtained by saponifying an ethylene-vinyl ester copolymer, which is a copolymer of ethylene and a vinyl ester monomer.
- Vinyl ester monomers used in the present EVOH include, for example, vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl valerate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl isobutyrate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl caprate, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl versatate, vinyl trifluoroacetate, and the like; These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, vinyl acetate is preferable from an economical point of view.
- vinyl ester-based monomers In addition to the vinyl ester-based monomers, other copolymers such as monomers having a primary hydroxyl group in the side chain, monomers in which the primary hydroxyl group in the side chain is protected with an ester or the like, ethylenically unsaturated monomers, etc. Polymerized monomers may also be used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the monomer having a primary hydroxyl group in the side chain include allyl alcohol, 3-buten-1-ol, 4-penten-1-ol, 5-hexene-1-ol, 6-hepten-1-ol, meta Monohydroxyalkyl group-containing monomers such as lyl alcohol; 2-methylene-1,3-propanediol, 3,4-diol-1-butene, 4,5-diol-1-pentene, 4,5-diol-3- Dihydroxyalkyl group-containing monomers such as methyl-1-pentene, 5,6-diol-1-hexene and glycerin monoallyl ether can be used.
- Examples of the monomer in which the primary hydroxyl group in the side chain is protected with an ester or the like include the acetate ester of the monomer having the primary hydroxyl group in the side chain.
- monoacetoxyalkyl group-containing monomers such as allyl acetate, 3-butenyl acetate, 4-pentenyl acetate, 5-hexenyl acetate, 6-heptenyl acetate, and methallyl acetate; 2-methylene-1,3-propane Diol diacetate, 3,4-diacetoxy-1-butene, 4,5-diacetoxy-1-pentene, 4,5-diacetoxy-3-methyl-1-pentene, 5,6-diacetoxy-1-hexene, 3- diacetoxyalkyl group-containing monomers such as allyloxy-1,2-propanediol diacetate;
- ethylenically unsaturated monomer examples include olefins such as propylene, 1-butene and isobutene; acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, (anhydrous) phthalic acid, (anhydrous) maleic acid, (anhydrous) itacon Unsaturated acids such as acids or salts thereof, or mono- or dialkyl esters having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; propanesulfonic acid or its salts; acrylamides such as acrylamidopropyldimethylamine or its acid salts or its quaternary salts; Methacrylamides such as amides, 2-methacrylamide propanesulfonic acid or salts thereof; N-vinylamides such as N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylformamide and N-vinylacetamide; Vinyl cyanides such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile vinyl ethers such as alkyl vinyl ether, hydroxyalkyl vinyl vinyl
- monomers having a primary hydroxyl group in the side chain and monomers in which the primary hydroxyl group in the side chain is protected with an ester or the like are preferable.
- 3,4-diacetoxy-1-butene and 2-methylene-1,3-propanediol diacetate are more preferred, and 3,4-diacetoxy-1-butene is particularly preferred.
- a monomer having a primary hydroxyl group in the side chain or a monomer having the primary hydroxyl group in the side chain protected with an ester or the like is used as a copolymerization component, an EVOH having a structural unit having a primary hydroxyl group in the side chain is obtained.
- EVOH having a structural unit having a primary hydroxyl group in its side chain tends to have good secondary moldability while maintaining gas barrier properties.
- the present EVOH is prepared by using the ethylene and vinyl ester-based monomers and, if necessary, other copolymerization monomers, (I) a copolymerization step, (II) a polymerization reaction termination step, (III) a saponification step, and (IV) It is obtained through a manufacturing process including a washing process and (V) a drying process. Each manufacturing process will be described below.
- solvents used in solution polymerization include lower alcohols having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, butanol, acetone, 2- Ketones such as butanone can be mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among them, methanol is preferably used because of ease of control of the polymerization reaction. Also, 2-propanol is preferably used when synthesizing a copolymer with a low degree of polymerization.
- the amount of the solvent used can be appropriately selected in consideration of the desired degree of polymerization of EVOH and the chain transfer constant of the solvent.
- S (solvent)/M (monomer) is preferably 0.01 to 10 (mass ratio), more preferably 0.05 to 7 (mass ratio).
- any method for charging the copolymerization components in the solution polymerization any method such as initial batch charging, divided charging, and continuous charging such as the Hanna method in consideration of the reactivity ratio of the monomers can be adopted.
- a polymerization initiator is used for the above copolymerization reaction.
- examples of such polymerization initiators include 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2′-azobis(4-methoxy-2, 4-dimethylvaleronitrile), acetyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide, t-butyl peroxyneodecanoate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl peroxyneodeca Noate, diisopropylperoxydicarbonate, di-2-ethylhexylperoxydicarbonate, and other peroxide initiators. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator to be used varies depending on the type of the polymerization initiator and cannot be generally determined, but is arbitrarily selected according to the polymerization rate. For example, when 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile and t-butyl peroxyneodecanoate are used, the amount used is usually 0.001 to 0.001 per 100 parts by mass of the vinyl ester monomer. 2 parts by mass, preferably 0.005 to 0.1 parts by mass.
- the polymerization temperature for the copolymerization reaction is preferably selected within the range of 40°C to the boiling point, depending on the solvent and ethylene pressure used.
- the copolymerization reaction may be carried out in the presence of a chain transfer agent as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Chain transfer agents include, for example, aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde and crotonaldehyde; and mercaptans such as 2-hydroxyethanethiol. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the chain transfer agent to be added during the copolymerization reaction is determined according to the chain transfer constant of the chain transfer agent and the desired degree of polymerization of EVOH. 1 to 10 parts by mass is preferred.
- conjugated polyene is added as a polymerization inhibitor in order to reliably terminate the polymerization.
- the conjugated polyene is a structure in which carbon-carbon double bonds and carbon-carbon single bonds are alternately connected, and the number of carbon-carbon double bonds is two or more, so-called conjugated double bonds. It is a compound having The conjugated polyene includes a conjugated diene having a structure in which two carbon-carbon double bonds and one carbon-carbon single bond are alternately connected, three carbon-carbon double bonds and two carbon- It may be a conjugated triene having a structure in which carbon single bonds are alternately connected, or a conjugated polyene having a structure in which a greater number of carbon-carbon double bonds and carbon-carbon single bonds are alternately connected.
- the molded product tends to be colored by the color of the conjugated polyene itself, so the number of conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds is 7 or less. is preferred.
- a plurality of pairs of the above conjugated double bonds consisting of two or more carbon-carbon double bonds may be present in one molecule without being conjugated with each other.
- a compound having three conjugated trienes in the same molecule, such as tung oil, is also included in the conjugated polyene.
- Specific conjugated polyenes include, for example, isoprene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-diethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-t-butyl-1,3-butadiene, 1, 3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-pentadiene, 3,4-dimethyl-1,3-pentadiene, 3-ethyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, 2,4-hexadiene, 2,5-dimethyl-2, 4-hexadiene, 1,3-octadiene, 1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, 1-phenyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,4-dipheny
- At least one selected from the group consisting of sorbic acid, sorbic acid esters, and sorbates is preferable because it can reliably terminate the copolymerization reaction and is easy to handle, and sorbic acid is Especially preferred.
- the amount of the conjugated polyene to be added is usually preferably 0.0001 to 0.3 parts by mass, more preferably 0.001 to 0.125 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the vinyl ester monomer charged at the start of polymerization. is. It is important to control the amount of conjugated polyene added at the end of polymerization. Since the state in which the radicals are trapped is a stable structure, the conjugated polyene surely stops the polymerization when it is added after the completion of the copolymerization, and the unreacted vinyl ester monomer, ethylene and the polymerization initiator after that remain. It has the effect of suppressing undesired polymerization reactions even when the temperature of the reaction solution is high and the cooling is not sufficient.
- conjugated polyenes especially sorbic acid and its esters, even if they have a stable radical-scavenging structure, generate new peroxides by reaction with oxygen, and the peroxides are converted by heat or light.
- a reaction is known which decomposes to form a mixture of acetaldehyde and fumaaldehyde. Therefore, if the amount of conjugated polyene added is too large, the undesirable reactions described above tend to occur in the saponification process, the drying process after washing, and the like, which is not preferable.
- the remaining amount of conjugated polyene in the EVOH product is also important, and this part will be described later.
- the amount of the unreacted vinyl ester monomer remaining in the solution after termination of the copolymerization reaction is 200 ppm or less, and then the following (III) saponification step is performed, more preferably 100 ppm or less, and particularly preferably. is 80 ppm or less.
- the saponification catalyst used in the subsequent saponification step produces a saponified product of the unreacted vinyl ester monomer, coloring the EVOH and producing a melt-molded product. It tends to be colored.
- the solvent used in the solution polymerization described above is added and heated at a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point of the vinyl ester monomer. , a method of distilling off the unreacted vinyl ester monomer, and the like.
- the obtained ethylene-vinyl ester copolymer is saponified.
- a saponification method performed in the saponification step can employ a known method.
- the ethylene-vinyl ester copolymer obtained above is dissolved in alcohol or hydrous alcohol, and a saponification catalyst is added.
- Examples of the alcohol include lower alcohols having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol and propanol. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the concentration of the ethylene-vinyl ester copolymer in the alcohol or hydrous alcohol is appropriately selected depending on the viscosity, and is usually 5-60% by mass.
- the saponification catalyst examples include alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methylate, sodium ethylate, potassium methylate, and potassium ethylate; alkali catalysts such as alcoholates; , nitric acid and methasulfonic acid, preferably sodium hydroxide and sodium alcoholate such as sodium hydroxide and sodium methylate.
- alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methylate, sodium ethylate, potassium methylate, and potassium ethylate
- alkali catalysts such as alcoholates
- nitric acid and methasulfonic acid preferably sodium hydroxide and sodium alcoholate such as sodium hydroxide and sodium methylate.
- the temperature for saponification is not limited, it is preferably in the range of 20 to 140°C.
- the ethylene structural unit content of the ethylene-vinyl ester-based copolymer was 1 to 16.5 mol %, particulate matter was generated as the saponification progressed, indicating that the reaction proceeded. At this time, if a gel-like product precipitates, the product may be pulverized. Further, when a monomer having a side chain primary hydroxyl group protected with an ester or the like is used as a copolymerization component, the ester is saponified and converted into a primary hydroxyl group in the saponification step.
- the saponification step in order to increase the degree of saponification, as secondary saponification, once the particulate matter is washed, it is dispersed again in alcohol or the like, a saponification catalyst is added, and the reaction is further performed.
- the present EVOH may not be completely deprotected in the saponification step, and a small amount of ester groups may remain.
- the vinyl ester units in the EVOH are converted to vinyl alcohol units to obtain an EVOH slurry.
- saponification catalyst contained in the EVOH slurry It is also preferable to neutralize the saponification catalyst contained in the EVOH slurry.
- a sodium hydroxide or sodium alcoholate such as sodium hydroxide or sodium methylate
- acetic acid is preferably used for neutralization, and sodium acetate is produced as a salt.
- a solvent in which EVOH is not highly soluble and in which conjugated polyene and sodium acetate are highly soluble is preferable.
- EVOH hardly dissolves in methanol
- 13.79 g of sodium acetate can be dissolved in 100 g of a saturated methanol solution at 15°C
- sorbic acid which has a preferred structure among conjugated polyenes, has the following properties at 30°C. It is preferred because it is 20% soluble.
- methanol is preferable because it can dissolve sorbic acid and sorbate.
- the bath ratio in the washing step is preferably 4 to 8 parts by mass (bath ratio of 4 to 8) with respect to 1 part by mass of the produced EVOH. Further, it is preferable that the number of times of washing is 2 to 6 times, the washing temperature is 20 to 70° C., and the washing time is 0.5 to 3 hours.
- the EVOH particulate matter is subjected to solid-liquid separation by a conventional method and then subjected to a drying step to obtain the present EVOH particulate matter (hereinafter referred to as "EVOH particles").
- EVOH particles present EVOH particulate matter
- hot air drying using a cylinder dryer is preferred, and the temperature of the EVOH particles during drying is preferably 80 to 120°C, particularly preferably 90 to 110°C. If the temperature is too low, production efficiency tends to decrease. On the other hand, if the temperature is too high, an unfavorable reaction occurs due to residual sodium acetate or the like during drying, which tends to cause coloration during melt molding.
- the drying time is preferably 2 to 10 hours, more preferably 3 to 8 hours.
- the ratio of particles passing through a JIS Z8801 sieve with an opening of 2.36 mm is 80% by mass or more, and the ratio of particles passing through a sieve with an opening of 150 ⁇ m is 20% by mass.
- the following are preferable. If the proportion of particles passing through a sieve with an opening of 2.36 mm is less than 80% by mass, it tends to take too long to dry the particles, and the proportion of particles passing through a sieve with an opening of 150 ⁇ m is 20% by mass. %, there is too much fine powder, and there is a tendency to newly require measures to prevent suction and static electricity during handling such as melting and molding.
- the particle size of the present EVOH particles can be controlled by the content of ethylene structural units in the EVOH, the concentration of the ethylene-vinyl ester copolymer in the alcohol or hydrous alcohol in the saponification step, the saponification temperature, and the like.
- the present EVOH is a copolymer having a structural unit having a primary hydroxyl group in the side chain of EVOH, it can also be controlled by the content of the structural unit having a primary hydroxyl group in the side chain.
- the present EVOH thus obtained has a yellowness of 80 or less, preferably 70 or less, particularly preferably 60 or less, in the following yellowness test. When the yellowness index exceeds 80, the coloration of the melt-molded product becomes significant.
- the lower limit of the yellowness index is not particularly limited, it is usually 10 or more, preferably 20 or more, and particularly preferably 30 or more.
- the amount of conjugated polyene in the polymerization reaction termination step, the amount of residual vinyl ester monomer in the solution in the saponification step, the amount of sodium acetate remaining in EVOH after drying, etc. It must be tightly controlled and tends to be uneconomical.
- the reaction mechanism is unknown, when it is melt-molded and used, the change in viscosity with time increases, and control tends to become difficult.
- the content of ethylene structural units in the present EVOH is 1 to 16.5 mol%, preferably 3 to 15 mol%, more preferably 5 to 11 mol%, particularly preferably 6 to 10 mol%. If the content of ethylene structural units is too low, the melting point of EVOH becomes high, making melt molding difficult. On the other hand, if the content of ethylene structural units is too high, the gas barrier properties will deteriorate.
- the content of the ethylene structural unit can be controlled by adjusting the ethylene pressure during copolymerization.
- the degree of saponification of the present EVOH is usually 90 mol% or more, preferably 95 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 99 mol% or more. If the degree of saponification is too low, for example, the gas barrier properties, aroma retention properties, solvent resistance, and oil resistance of melt-molded products tend to deteriorate.
- the melt flow rate (MFR) [210°C, load 2160g], which is an index of viscosity when the present EVOH is melted to obtain a molded product, is usually 0.1 to 100g/10min, preferably 1 to 100g/10min. 50 g/10 min, particularly preferably 3 to 35 g/10 min. If the MFR is too large, it tends to be difficult to control the molding thickness during melt molding, and if it is too small, a high load tends to be applied to the molding machine during melt molding.
- the MFR is an index of the degree of polymerization of EVOH, and can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of the polymerization catalyst and the amount of the solvent when copolymerizing the copolymer components.
- the amount of sodium acetate is a value measured according to the dissolution titration method of the test method for sodium acetate among JIS K6726 polyvinyl alcohol test methods. If the EVOH is not completely dissolved in water, the sodium acetate can be detected by dissolving the present EVOH using a 3:1 (volume ratio) mixture of water and methanol according to the notes of the same JIS. Moreover, the branched structure produced by chain transfer during the polymerization reaction is cleaved by saponification, and sodium carboxylate produced at the end of the molecular chain is also detected at the same time.
- the amount of conjugated polyene remaining in the present EVOH is preferably 0.1 ppm or more and 10 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 0.15 ppm or more and 5 ppm or less. If the amount of the conjugated polyene is less than 0.1 ppm, when radicals are unexpectedly generated in the present EVOH, the effect of consuming them to prevent deterioration is reduced. must be washed excessively, which tends to be economically disadvantageous. Further, when the amount of conjugated polyene exceeds 10 ppm, when EVOH is melted, coloring-causing substances having a —CO—(CH ⁇ CH) n — structure tend to increase.
- This EVOH tends to be preferable to have a primary hydroxyl group structure in the side chain for suppressing coloring after heating.
- the content of the structure having a primary hydroxyl group in its side chain is 2.5 mol% or more, preferably 2.5 to 10 mol%, particularly preferably 3 to 6 mol %. If the content of the structure having a primary hydroxyl group in the side chain is too small, the melting point of EVOH tends to be high, making melt molding difficult. On the other hand, when the content of the structural unit having a primary hydroxyl group in the side chain is too large, the production cost tends to increase, which tends to be economically disadvantageous.
- the content of the structural unit having a primary hydroxyl group in the side chain can be controlled by adjusting the charge amount of the monomer having a primary hydroxyl group in the side chain or the monomer in which the hydroxyl group is protected with an ester or the like, which is used as the copolymerization monomer.
- this EVOH can be made into a resin composition by blending other components.
- the range that does not hinder the effects of the present invention for example, usually 30% by mass or less, preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less, particularly preferably 5% by mass or less of the resin composition
- thermoplastic resins other than EVOH plasticizers, lubricants, stabilizers, surfactants, colorants, ultraviolet absorbers, antistatic agents, desiccants, cross-linking agents, metal salts, fillers, various fibers etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- This EVOH is suitable for use as a gas barrier material for food packaging and the like.
- the method for using the present EVOH as a gas barrier material is not particularly limited. For example, (1) a method in which a solution in which the present EVOH is dissolved is applied to a base resin film and dried to form a layer of EVOH to form a gas barrier material, and (2) the present EVOH is melt-molded to form a gas barrier. and the like.
- examples of solvents for dissolving the EVOH include water, lower alcohols having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, and 2-butanol. is mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among them, a mixed solvent of water and 2-propanol is preferable.
- the solid content concentration in the solution in which the present EVOH is dissolved is usually 0.5 to 30% by mass, preferably 5 to 20% by mass.
- Examples of methods for applying the solution in which the present EVOH is dissolved include known methods such as bar coater, roll coating, die coating, gravure coating, comma coating, and screen printing. Among them, a bar coater is preferable.
- the gas barrier material formed from the present EVOH can be obtained by drying, for example, by heat treatment at 60 to 105°C for 0.5 to 10 minutes.
- melt molding method in the above method (2) examples include extrusion molding, injection molding, inflation molding, press molding, and blow molding.
- the gas barrier material may be a gas barrier material having a single-layer structure or a gas barrier material having a multi-layer structure, but preferably has a multi-layer structure.
- the multilayer barrier material preferably has at least one layer comprising the present EVOH.
- the gas barrier material having a multi-layer structure may be laminated with layers formed from the EVOH, or may be laminated with another base resin.
- the base resin examples include linear low-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, ultra-low-density polyethylene, medium-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, ethylene-propylene (block and random) copolymer, and ethylene- ⁇ -olefin.
- Polyethylene resins such as ( ⁇ -olefin having 4 to 20 carbon atoms) copolymer, polypropylene resin such as polypropylene, propylene- ⁇ -olefin ( ⁇ -olefin having 4 to 20 carbon atoms) copolymer, polybutene, polypentene (unmodified) polyolefin resins such as polycyclic olefin resins (polymers having a cyclic olefin structure in at least one of the main chain and the side chain), and graft modification of these polyolefins with unsaturated carboxylic acids or esters thereof
- Polyolefin resins in a broad sense including modified olefin resins such as unsaturated carboxylic acid-modified polyolefin resins, ionomers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, ethylene-acrylic acid ester copolymers, Polyester resin, polyamide resin (including copo
- the thickness of the layer formed from the present EVOH is usually 1-200 ⁇ m, preferably 1-100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 1-50 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is the sum of the thicknesses of all layers formed from the present EVOH contained in the gas barrier material.
- the oxygen permeability of the layer formed from the present EVOH is preferably 5 cc ⁇ 3 ⁇ m/m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm or less, more preferably 1 cc ⁇ 3 ⁇ m/m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm or less, It is particularly preferably 0.1 cc ⁇ 3 ⁇ m/m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm or less.
- the above oxygen permeability is measured in an environment of 23° C. and 0% RH, and the lower limit of the oxygen permeability is usually 0.003 cc ⁇ 3 ⁇ m/m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm. Further, the oxygen permeability can be determined by an oxygen permeability measuring device.
- the resulting slurry was once filtered, then dispersed again in 20 times the amount of methanol of the saponified material, and stirred in a flask equipped with a stirrer and a cooling tube.
- an 8.7% methanol solution of sodium hydroxide was added in such an amount that sodium hydroxide would be equivalent to 50 mmol with respect to the vinyl acetate unit before primary saponification in the copolymer, and the mixture was reacted at 50°C for 3 hours. rice field. After the reaction, the mixture was neutralized with acetic acid, and the slurry was filtered again to obtain a wet cake.
- EVOH particles were obtained by drying for a period of time.
- the obtained copolymer had a 1,2-butanediol structure as a structure having primary hydroxyl groups in side chains.
- the degree of saponification of the obtained EVOH particles was 99.9 mol % when analyzed by alkali consumption for hydrolysis of residual vinyl ester units.
- the content of the ethylene structural unit was 11.4 mol % and the content of the 1,2-butanediol structural unit was 3.2 mol % by NMR measurement.
- the amount of sodium acetate remaining was 0.109% by mass, and the amount of conjugated polyene was 0.3 ppm.
- Example 2 ⁇ Examples 2, 3, 9, 10, Comparative Examples 1, 2, 4, 5, 6>
- Polymerization was carried out by changing the type and amount of , as shown in Table 1 below, and primary saponification was performed after changing the unreacted vinyl ester monomer before the saponification step to that shown in Table 1 below.
- EVOH was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the presence or absence of secondary saponification, the alkali equivalent used during secondary saponification, and the washing method of the wet cake obtained after saponification were changed as shown in Table 1 Particles were obtained.
- Example 3 Comparative Example 3> The amounts of vinyl acetate, 3,4-diacetoxy-1-butene, methanol, and ethylene partial pressure charged in Example 1 were changed as shown in Table 1, and 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile was used as the initiator. The total amount of the initiator solution was added at the start of polymerization, and the copolymerization reaction was carried out at 67° C. for 4 hours after the addition.
- the type and amount of conjugated polyene added in the copolymerization reaction termination step, the amount of unreacted vinyl ester monomer before the primary saponification step, the presence or absence of secondary saponification, the alkali equivalent used during secondary saponification, after saponification EVOH particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the method for washing the obtained wet cake was changed as shown in Table 1.
- copolymerization was performed so that the ethylene structural unit was within a specific range, a specific amount of conjugated polyene was added in the copolymerization reaction termination step, and unreacted in the saponification step.
- the EVOH particles which are saponified after reducing the vinyl ester monomer to a specific amount or less and then washed to a specific range of sodium acetate content and conjugated polyene content in the particles, turn yellow after being heated in the air at 170 ° C. for 5 hours. It was found that the intensity can be reduced. Molded articles obtained by melt molding from such EVOH particles are expected to be applied to various uses requiring high transparency, since their coloring is reduced.
- the present EVOH particles can reduce coloration when melted and molded, so they can be suitably used as food packaging materials that require high transparency and gas barrier properties.
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Abstract
Description
このとき、溶融粘度の経時変化を少なくする等により、溶融成形性を向上させつつ、溶融成形物の着色を少なくし、食品包材としての価値を高めることが求められている。
また、特許文献1には、重合終了後に未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーを系外に除去することについては記載されているが、その値の制御については記載されていない。
さらに、特許文献1では、エチレンを共重合させる試みについては記載されていない。
本発明は、以上の状況に鑑み、溶融成形品の着色を低減できるエチレン構造単位の含有量が1~16.5mol%であるエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体を提供する。
[1]
エチレン構造単位の含有量が1~16.5mol%であるエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体であって、前記エチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体が下記黄色度試験における黄色度が80以下である、エチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体。
[黄色度試験]
エチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体粒子を空気中で170℃、5時間加熱した後JIS K7373に従って反射測定方法によって黄色度を求める。
[2]
JIS K6726に従って測定される酢酸ナトリウムの含有量が、0.15質量%以下である[1]記載のエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体。
[3]
さらに、共役ポリエンを0.1ppm以上10ppm以下含有する[1]または[2]記載のエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体。
[4]
前記共役ポリエンがソルビン酸、ソルビン酸エステル、ソルビン酸塩からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つである[3]記載のエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体。
[5]
前記エチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体が側鎖に一級水酸基を含有する構造単位を有するエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体を含む[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載のエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体。
[6]
[3]~[5]のいずれかに記載のエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体の製造方法であって、エチレンとビニルエステル系モノマーを含む共重合成分の溶液を共重合反応させ、共重合反応終了時に共役ポリエンを、ビニルエステル系モノマーの仕込み量100質量部に対して0.001~0.125質量部添加し、その後にケン化するエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体の製造方法。
[7]
共重合反応終了後の溶液中の未反応ビニルエステル系モノマーの量を200ppm以下としてからケン化を行う[6]記載のエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体の製造方法。
[8]
前記共重合成分として、さらに側鎖に一級水酸基を有するモノマーおよび/または側鎖の一級水酸基をエステルで保護したモノマーを含む[6]または[7]記載のエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体の製造方法。
また、本発明のエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体の製造方法によれば、着色が低減されたエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体を効率よく得ることができる。
なお、本発明において、「xおよび/またはy(x,yは任意の構成または成分)」とは、xのみ、yのみ、xおよびy、という3通りの組合せを意味するものである。
また、本発明において「x~y」(x,yは任意の数字)と表現する場合、特にことわらない限り「x以上y以下」の意と共に、「好ましくはxより大きい」または「好ましくはyより小さい」の意も包含する。
また、「x以上」(xは任意の数字)または「y以下」(yは任意の数字)と表現した場合、「xより大きいことが好ましい」または「y未満であることが好ましい」旨の意も包含する。
本発明の実施形態の一例に係るエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体(以下、「EVOH」と称する)は、エチレン構造単位の含有量が1~16.5mol%であり、空気中で170℃、5時間加熱した後JIS K7373に従って反射測定方法によって求めた黄色度が80以下である。
以下、本EVOHについて説明する。
共重合成分として、側鎖に一級水酸基を有するモノマー、側鎖の一級水酸基をエステル等で保護したモノマーを用いた場合、側鎖に一級水酸基を有する構造単位を有するEVOHが得られる。この側鎖に一級水酸基を有する構造単位を有するEVOHは、ガスバリア性を保持しつつ二次成形性が良好となる傾向がある。
以下、各製造工程について説明する。
共重合成分の共重合反応においては、例えば、塊状重合、溶液重合、懸濁重合、分散重合、またはエマルジョン重合等、公知の方法を採用することができる。なかでも、共重合制御の容易な溶液重合が好適である。以下、好適な共重合反応である溶液重合について詳述する。
重合反応終了後、重合を確実に停止させるために、重合禁止剤として、共役ポリエンを添加する。
前記共役ポリエンは、2個の炭素-炭素二重結合と1個の炭素-炭素単結合が交互に繋がってなる構造である共役ジエン、3個の炭素-炭素二重結合と2個の炭素-炭素単結合が交互に繋がってなる構造である共役トリエン、あるいはそれ以上の数の炭素-炭素二重結合と炭素-炭素単結合が交互に繋がってなる構造である共役ポリエンであってもよい。
ただし、共役する炭素-炭素二重結合の数が8個以上になると共役ポリエン自身の色により成形物が着色する傾向があるため、共役する炭素-炭素二重結合の数は7個以下であることが好ましい。また、2個以上の炭素-炭素二重結合からなる上記共役二重結合が互いに共役せずに1分子中に複数組あってもよい。例えば、桐油のように共役トリエンが同一分子内に3個ある化合物も共役ポリエンに含まれる。
共役ポリエンは、重合終了時の添加量の制御が重要である。ラジカルを捕捉した状態が安定な構造であるために、共役ポリエンは、共重合終了後に添加した時点で重合を確実に停止させ、その後の未反応ビニルエステル系モノマー、エチレンや重合開始剤が残存した状況での望まない重合反応を、反応液の温度が高く、冷却が十分でない状態でも抑止させる効果がある。重合終了時の共役ポリエンの添加量が少なすぎると、重合停止能が不足するため好ましくない。
他方、共役ポリエンは、特に、ソルビン酸とそのエステルは、ラジカルを捕捉した安定な構造であっても、酸素との反応によって過酸化物を新たに生成し、その過酸化物が熱または光によって分解してアセトアルデヒドとフマルアルデヒドとの混合物を生成する反応が知られている。従って、共役ポリエンの添加量が多過ぎると、ケン化工程、洗浄後の乾燥工程等で、上述のような望ましくない反応が起きる傾向があるため好ましくない。
共役ポリエンは、製品のEVOH中の残存量も重要であるが、その部分は後述する。
次に得られたエチレン-ビニルエステル系共重合体のケン化を行う。
ケン化工程で行うケン化方法は公知の方法を採用でき、例えば、上記で得られたエチレン-ビニルエステル系共重合体をアルコールまたは含水アルコールに溶解した状態で、ケン化触媒を添加して行われる。
また、共重合成分として側鎖の一級水酸基をエステル等で保護したモノマーを用いた場合、該エステルは、前記ケン化工程により、ケン化され、一級水酸基に変換される。
なお、本EVOHは、ケン化工程において、完全に脱保護されず、少量のエステル基が残存してもよい。
前記ケン化工程後のEVOHのスラリーを常法により固液分離し、固形分として得られるEVOHの粒子状物を洗浄することで、共重合反応停止工程で添加した共役ポリエンと、ケン化触媒を中和した場合に生成する塩の残存量を低減させたEVOHの粒子状物を得ることができる。
洗浄工程が終わったEVOHの粒子状物を常法により固液分離し、引き続いて乾燥工程に供することで、本EVOHの粒子状物(以下「EVOH粒子」と称する)を得ることができる。具体的には、円筒乾燥機を使用する熱風乾燥が好ましく、乾燥時のEVOH粒子の温度は80~120℃が好ましく、90~110℃が特に好ましい。当該温度が低すぎると、生産効率が低下する傾向がある。一方、当該温度が高すぎると、乾燥中に残存酢酸ナトリウム等により好ましくない反応が起き、溶融成形時に着色しやすくなる傾向がある。また、乾燥時間は2~10時間が好ましく、3~8時間がより好ましい。
黄色度が80を超えると、溶融成形物の着色が著しくなる。
エチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体粒子を空気中で170℃、5時間加熱した後JIS K7373に従って反射測定方法によって黄色度を求める。
前記エチレン構造単位の含有量は、共重合時のエチレン圧力を調整することで制御することができる。
かかるMFRは、EVOHの重合度の指標となるものであり、共重合成分を共重合させる際の重合触媒の量や、溶媒の量によって調整することができる。
共役ポリエンの量が0.1ppm未満であると、本EVOHに予期せずラジカルが発生したときにそれを消費して劣化を防ぐ効果が少なくなるし、0.1ppm未満にするためには、EVOHを過剰に洗浄しなければならず経済的に不利となる傾向がある。また、共役ポリエンの量が10ppmを超える場合、EVOHを溶融させたとき、-CO-(CH=CH)n-構造を有する着色原因物質が増える傾向がある。
(i)EVOHに残存する酢酸ナトリウムの量を0.15質量%以下とする方法
(ii)EVOHに残存する共役ポリエンの量を0.1ppm以上10ppm以下とする方法
(iii)共役ポリエンとしてソルビン酸、ソルビン酸エステル、ソルビン酸塩からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つを用いる方法
(iv)前記(II)共重合反応停止工程において、共役ポリエンを、ビニルエステル系モノマーの仕込み量100質量部に対して0.001~0.125質量部添加する方法
(v)前記(II)共重合反応停止工程において、未反応ビニルエステル系モノマーの量を200ppm以下としてから(III)ケン化工程を行う方法
等が挙げられる。
これら(i)~(v)の方法を単独でもしくは組み合わせることにより、本EVOHを得ることができる。
また、本EVOHを溶解させた溶液中の固形分濃度は、通常0.5~30質量%、好ましくは5~20質量%である。
EVOH粒子10gをアルミ皿に広げ、空気中170℃のオーブンで5時間加熱した。取り出した粒子を室温まで冷却した後、日本電色工業社製、Specrtophotometer SE6000を用い、JIS K7373に従って、反射測定方法によって粒子の黄色度を求めた。
EVOHに残存する酢酸ナトリウムの量は、JIS K6726の溶解滴定法により求めた。
EVOHに残存する共役ポリエンがソルビン酸の場合、以下のようにして求めた。
サンプルを凍結粉砕してから、200mgを精秤した。これをごく微量のメタノールで湿らせてから、水5mLを添加、加温、溶解させた。さらにメタノールを添加して10mLとした。この溶液の液体クロマトグラフィーからソルビン酸量を定量した。
未反応ビニルエステル系モノマーの量は、ビニルエステル系モノマーが酢酸ビニルの場合、重合反応終了後の溶液をガスクロマトグラフィーにより、残存酢酸ビニル量を定量した。
[GC測定条件]
・GCシステム:Agilent Technologies 7890B[Agilent Technologies社製]
・検出器:FID
・カラム:Agilent Technologies CATALOG125-7032 (30m×0.530mm)
・カラム温度:60℃
[エチレン-ビニルエステル系共重合体の合成]
温度制御のできるオートクレーブに酢酸ビニル460部、3,4-ジアセトキシ-1-ブテン36部、メタノール132部を仕込み、系内を窒素ガスで一旦置換した後、ついでエチレンで置換して、撹拌しながら、67℃まで昇温した。昇温後、エチレンをその分圧が1.35MPaとなるように圧入し、撹拌しながら、内温を67℃で4時間保ちつつ、開始剤としてt-ブチルパーオキシネオデカノエート0.129部をメタノール0.2%溶液としたものを4時間かけて添加し、添加終了後も67℃で3時間撹拌を続けることにより、共重合反応を行った。その後、共重合反応停止工程として、ソルビン酸0.096部(仕込みの酢酸ビニルモノマー100部に対して0.021部)をメタノール100部に溶解させた溶液を投入、室温(23℃)まで冷却した。さらに未反応のビニルエステル系モノマーを減少させる目的で、75℃加熱による揮発分追い出しとメタノール添加を繰り返すことにより、エチレン-酢酸ビニル-3,4-ジアセトキシブテン共重合体のメタノール溶液を得た。このとき、溶液中に残存する未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーの量は10ppmであった。
上記溶液をメタノールで希釈して濃度10%に調整して撹拌機と冷却管を有するフラスコにて撹拌しつつ、溶液温度を45℃に保ちながら、水酸化ナトリウムの8.7%メタノール溶液を、水酸化ナトリウムが共重合体の酢酸ビニル単位に対して10mmol当量となる量を加えて、一次ケン化を行った。約30分後にケン化物が析出し、引き続き撹拌を続けると、ついには粒子状物を含むスラリーになった。さらにケン化を進めるために、二次ケン化として、生成したスラリーを一旦濾別した後、再度、ケン化物の20倍量のメタノールに分散させ、撹拌機と冷却管を有するフラスコにて撹拌しつつ、水酸化ナトリウムの8.7%メタノール溶液を、水酸化ナトリウムが共重合体中の一次ケン化前の酢酸ビニル単位に対して50mmol当量となる量を加えて、50℃で3時間反応させた。反応後、酢酸で中和し、スラリーを再度濾別して、ウェットケーキを得、該ウェットケーキをその5倍の質量のメタノールで3回洗浄して濾別した後、100℃熱風乾燥器中で8時間乾燥させてEVOH粒子を得た。得られた共重合体は、側鎖に一級水酸基を有する構造として、1,2-ブタンジオール構造を有していた。
得られたEVOH粒子のケン化度は、残存ビニルエステル単位の加水分解に関するアルカリ消費量で分析したところ、99.9mol%であった。また、NMR測定によるエチレン構造単位の含有量は11.4mol%であり、1,2-ブタンジオール構造単位の含有量は3.2mol%であった。
また、残存する酢酸ナトリウムの量は0.109質量%、共役ポリエンの量は0.3ppmであった。
得られたEVOH粒子はJIS Z8801目開き2.36mmの篩を通過する割合が86質量%、目開き150μmの篩を通過する割合が17質量%であった。
このEVOH粒子を空気中で170℃、5時間加熱した後、JIS K7373に従って反射測定方法によって求めた黄色度は43.9であった。
実施例1のEVOHの共重合成分等を後記の表1に、EVOHの評価結果等を後記の表2にそれぞれ示す。
実施例1における、仕込みの酢酸ビニル量、3,4-ジアセトキシ-1-ブテン量、メタノール量、エチレン分圧、t-ブチルパーオキシネオデカノエート量、共重合反応停止工程で添加した共役ポリエンの種類と量を後記の表1のとおりに変更して重合を行い、ケン化工程前の未反応ビニルエステル系モノマーを後記の表1のとおりとしてから一次ケン化を行った。二次ケン化の有無、二次ケン化時に使用したアルカリ当量、ケン化後得られたウェットケーキの洗浄方法を表1のとおりに変更して行ったほかは実施例1と同様にして、EVOH粒子を得た。
実施例1における仕込みの酢酸ビニル量、3,4-ジアセトキシ-1-ブテン量、メタノール量、エチレン分圧を表1のとおりに変更し、開始剤を2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリルのメタノール溶液に変更すると共に、その開始剤溶液を重合開始時に全量添加して、添加後67℃で4時間共重合反応を行った。共重合反応停止工程で添加した共役ポリエンの種類と量、一次ケン化工程前の未反応ビニルエステル系モノマーの量、二次ケン化の有無、二次ケン化時に使用したアルカリ当量、ケン化後得られたウェットケーキの洗浄方法を表1のとおりに変更して行ったほかは、実施例1と同様にしてEVOH粒子を得た。
得られたEVOH粒子について、エチレン構造単位の含有量、1,2-ブタンジオール構造の含有量、1,3-プロパンジオール構造の含有量、ケン化度、酢酸ナトリウムの量、共役ポリエンの量、目開き2.36mm、同150μmの篩を通過する粒子の割合、黄色度は後記の表2のとおりであった。
このようなEVOH粒子から溶融成形により得られた成形物は、着色が低減されることから、高い透明性が要求される種々の用途への適用が期待される。
Claims (8)
- エチレン構造単位の含有量が1~16.5mol%であるエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体であって、前記エチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体が下記黄色度試験における黄色度が80以下である、エチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体。
[黄色度試験]
エチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体粒子を空気中で170℃、5時間加熱した後JIS K7373に従って反射測定方法によって黄色度を求める。 - JIS K6726に従って測定される酢酸ナトリウムの含有量が、0.15質量%以下である請求項1記載のエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体。
- さらに、共役ポリエンを0.1ppm以上10ppm以下含有する請求項1または2記載のエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体。
- 前記共役ポリエンがソルビン酸、ソルビン酸エステル、ソルビン酸塩からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つである請求項3記載のエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体。
- 前記エチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体が側鎖に一級水酸基を含有する構造単位を有するエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体を含む請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体。
- 請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載のエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体の製造方法であって、エチレンとビニルエステル系モノマーを含む共重合成分の溶液を共重合反応させ、共重合反応終了時に共役ポリエンを、ビニルエステル系モノマーの仕込み量100質量部に対して0.001~0.125質量部添加し、その後にケン化するエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体の製造方法。
- 共重合反応終了後の溶液中の未反応ビニルエステル系モノマーの量を200ppm以下としてからケン化を行う請求項6記載のエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体の製造方法。
- 前記共重合成分として、さらに側鎖に一級水酸基を有するモノマーおよび/または側鎖の一級水酸基をエステルで保護したモノマーを含む請求項6または7記載のエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体の製造方法。
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JPH0971620A (ja) * | 1995-06-26 | 1997-03-18 | Kuraray Co Ltd | 酢酸ビニル系重合体の製法、酢酸ビニル系重合体ケン化物の製法および樹脂組成物 |
JP2003342322A (ja) * | 2002-03-20 | 2003-12-03 | Kuraray Co Ltd | ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム |
JP2016069481A (ja) * | 2014-09-29 | 2016-05-09 | 日本合成化学工業株式会社 | エチレン−ビニルエステル系共重合体ケン化物及び高圧ガス用ホース又は貯蔵容器 |
WO2019225731A1 (ja) * | 2018-05-25 | 2019-11-28 | 株式会社クラレ | 樹脂材料、水溶液及び接着剤 |
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JPH0971620A (ja) * | 1995-06-26 | 1997-03-18 | Kuraray Co Ltd | 酢酸ビニル系重合体の製法、酢酸ビニル系重合体ケン化物の製法および樹脂組成物 |
JP2003342322A (ja) * | 2002-03-20 | 2003-12-03 | Kuraray Co Ltd | ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム |
JP2016069481A (ja) * | 2014-09-29 | 2016-05-09 | 日本合成化学工業株式会社 | エチレン−ビニルエステル系共重合体ケン化物及び高圧ガス用ホース又は貯蔵容器 |
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