WO2023067582A1 - Plateforme de micro-environnement tumoral comprenant un carcinome buccal pour prédire la sensibilité aux médicaments, la pharmacorésistance et la progression de la maladie - Google Patents

Plateforme de micro-environnement tumoral comprenant un carcinome buccal pour prédire la sensibilité aux médicaments, la pharmacorésistance et la progression de la maladie Download PDF

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WO2023067582A1
WO2023067582A1 PCT/IB2022/060192 IB2022060192W WO2023067582A1 WO 2023067582 A1 WO2023067582 A1 WO 2023067582A1 IB 2022060192 W IB2022060192 W IB 2022060192W WO 2023067582 A1 WO2023067582 A1 WO 2023067582A1
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cells
cancer
cell lines
cell
dysplastic
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PCT/IB2022/060192
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English (en)
Inventor
Manjula Das
Amritha SURESH
Moni KURIAKOSE
Vijay Pillai
Charitha GANGADHARA
Nehanjali DWIVEDI
Smitha P K
Nidhi Shukla
Safeena KULSUM
Gangotri SIDDAPPA
Sujan DHAR
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Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the technical field of tumor microenvironment platform comprising oral carcinoma for predicting drug sensitivity, drug resistance and disease progression. More particularly, invention focuses on primary cell lines derived from oral cancer patients, their characterization and validation as a model in early carcinogenesis and chemoresistance.
  • HNSCC Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
  • the additional challenge associated with oral cancer is accurate prognosis or diagnostic subsequent to treatment.
  • surgery is the preferred mode of treatment.
  • the prognosis of OSCC remains poor due to drug resistance, aggressive local invasion and metastasis, leading to recurrence. 26-47% of patients are known to develop a recurrence within 2 years of surgical resection with an annual 5% chance of developing a second primary tumor [2] .
  • CAF Cancer Associated Fibroblast
  • the primary objective of the present invention is to provide a tumor microenvironment platform comprising oral carcinoma for predicting drug sensitivity, drug resistance and disease progression. More particularly, invention deals with primary cell lines derived from oral cancer patients, their characterization and validation as a model in early carcinogenesis and chemoresistance.
  • a tumor microenvironment platform comprising oral carcinoma for predicting chemoresistance and dysplastic progression, wherein the method comprising:
  • the oral cancer cell lines are autologous pairs of cancer cell lines, wherein the platform can identify novel targets/biomarkers for chemoresistance and therapy.
  • a method of predicting dysplastic progression using the tumor microenvironment platform as claimed, wherein the method is to assess the effectiveness of novel chemopreventive drugs comprising the steps of: a. co-culturing non-neoplastic and dysplastic epithelial cells together with MhCT08-F, MhCL03-F, MhCA04-F comprised in the tumor microenvironment platform, wherein the coculturing is performed for 48 hours in DMEM-F12 in 5% CO2 at 37°C, wherein the MhCB05-F to neoplastic and dysplastic epithelial cells are comprised in a ratio of 5:1; b. treating the platform with candidate drugs; and c. performing expression profiling, flow cytometer-based profiling of cancer stem cell markers in the co-cultured non-neoplastic and dysplastic epithelial cells and assessing cytotoxicity.
  • non-neoplastic cell is a HaCaT cell line
  • dysplastic epithelial cell is a DOK cell line
  • the oral carcinoma cell line is obtained from a cancer tissue obtained surgically or by biopsy or as a xenograft or any combination thereof.
  • kits for predicting chemoresistance of novel drugs to oral carcinoma comprising a tumor microenvironment platform comprising oral cancer cell lines and cancer-associated fibroblast cells, wherein the oral cancer cell lines comprise MhCT12-E and MhCT08-E, wherein the cancer-associated fibroblasts cells comprise MhCT08-F, MhCL03-F, MhCA04-F, and MhCB05-F, wherein the cell lines are cultured in RPMI medium with 20% Fetal bovine serum (FBS), and (ii) culture medium comprising of epithelial spent media and fibroblast spent media.
  • FBS Fetal bovine serum
  • kits for predicting dysplastic progression for the efficacy of novel candidate chemopreventive drugs
  • the kit comprises a tumor microenvironment platform comprising dysplastic cell line (DOK) or non-neoplastic cell line (HaCaT) and cancer- associated fibroblast cells, wherein the cancer-associated fibroblasts cells comprise MhCT08-F, MhCL03-F, MhCA04-F, and MhCB05-F, wherein the cell lines are cultured in RPMI medium with 20% Fetal bovine serum (FBS), and (ii) culture medium comprising epithelial spent media and fibroblast spent media.
  • DOK dysplastic cell line
  • HaCaT non-neoplastic cell line
  • the cancer-associated fibroblasts cells comprise MhCT08-F, MhCL03-F, MhCA04-F, and MhCB05-F
  • FBS Fetal bovine serum
  • the invention also provides kits that are useful for the practice of the methods of the invention.
  • invention provides development of,
  • Models can be used to explore the role of CAF-cancer cell interactions during dysplastic progression, drug resistance as well as during metastasis.
  • the platform can be used to study sars-cov2 viral entry through oral route.
  • the platform grown in high glucose can be used to study sars-cov2 viral pathogenesis in comorbid (hyperglycemia) condition.
  • a platform to study interaction between tumor and stroma in oral squamous cell carcinoma is provided.
  • a platform to study interaction between tumor and stroma in oral squamous cell carcinoma including oral cancers, cancers of larynx , pharynx, primary or secondary cancers as a cost-effective method for screening on large scale, for prognosis, screening at various stages of cancers in the subjects during and post -treatment, in the form of kits, strips, swabs, sticks, discs, meters and such other easily usable, disposable, multi-utility kits for measuring the preferred biomarkers to detect head and neck cancers including oral cancers with specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, speed, reliability and reproducibility.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates the Co-culture models of oral cancer cell lines as well as cancer- associated fibroblasts that have been derived from patients diagnosed with oral cancer, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. IB illustrates the FACS staining of established cell lines, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the HPV typing of established cell lines, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the DNA ploidy determination of established cell lines, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the Doubling time calculation of established cell lines, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the Proliferation potential of MhCT12-E cells, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the wound healing ability of MhCT12-E cells under the effect of MhCT12-F conditioned medium, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the invasive potential of MhCT12-E cells under the effect of MhCT12-F conditioned medium, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the sphere formation ability of MhCT12-E cells, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the proliferation graph of MhCT12-E (B12-E) and MhCT12-F (B 12- F) autologous pairs, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates the A. Comparative graph of MhCT12-F with and without conditioned media.
  • B Comparative graph of MhCT12-E with and without conditioned media, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates the Morphology of MhCB05-Fblast cells, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates the FACS staining with a-SMA and pan-CK, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates the Immunocytochemistry with a-SMA, Vimentin and pan- Cytokeratin, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates the Generation of CAF-conditioned medium, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates the Transwell co-culture system, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates the Expression profiling of epithelial cells under the effect of CAF- conditioned medium and Transwell co-culture, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates the FACS of epithelial cells under the effect of CAF-conditioned medium, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates the Invasion of epithelial cells under the effect of CAF-conditioned medium and Transwell co-culture, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates the Migration/wound healing assay of epithelial cells under the effect of CAF-conditioned medium, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 20 illustrates the Spheroid formation in epithelial cells under the effect of CAF- conditioned medium, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 21 illustrates the Comparative graph of curcumin treatment in A. HaCaT and B. DOK cells under the effect of CAF-conditioned medium, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 22 illustrates the Effect of the conditioned media on the resistance of Cal-27 (A) and Cal27 CisR (B), according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 23 illustrates the Expression profile of the cells under the effect of the fibroblast conditioned media, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 24 illustrates the Effect of the conditioned media on the functional properties of Cal-27 and Cal27 CisR Effect of the co-culture was evaluated using spheroid formation (A), colony formation (B) and scratch assay (C), according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 25 illustrates the efficacy of anti-SARS-COV2 agents to inhibit viral entry, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 26 illustrates the pathogenesis of SARS-COV2 infection in comorbid condition like hyperglycemia, according to the aspects of the invention.
  • a dosage refers to one or more than one dosage.
  • tumour or “tumour tissue” refer to an abnormal mass of tissue which results from uncontrolled cell division.
  • a tumour or tumour tissue comprises “tumour cells” which are neoplastic cells with anomalous growth properties and no functional bodily function. Tumours, tumour cells and tumour tissue can be benign or malignant.
  • the phrase "differentially present” refers to differences in the quantity of the marker present in a sample taken from patients as compared to a control subject.
  • a biomarker can be differentially present in terms of frequency, quantity or both.
  • Diagnostic means identifying a pathologic condition.
  • detection may be used in the context of detecting markers or biomarkers.
  • test amount of a marker refers to an amount of a marker present in a sample being tested.
  • a test amount can be either in absolute amount (e.g., pg/ml) or a relative amount (e.g., relative intensity of signals).
  • administering refers to the manner in which an active agent, or composition containing such, is presented or given to a subject.
  • stem cells refers to special human cells that have the ability to develop into many different cell types, for example, from muscle cells to brain cells. In some cases, they also have the innate ability to repair damaged tissues.
  • polypeptide As used interchangeably herein to refer to a polymer of amino acid residues. "Polypeptide,” “peptide” and “protein” can be modified, e.g., by the addition of carbohydrate residues to form glycoproteins.
  • Detectable moiety or a “label” refers to spectroscopic, photochemical, biochemical, immunochemical, or chemical means of detection of a composition.
  • labels may include 32 P, 35 S, fluorescent dyes, biotin-streptavidin, dioxigenin, haptens, electron-dense reagents, and enzymes.
  • the detectable moiety generates a measurable signal that can quantify the amount of bound detectable moiety in a sample. Quantitation of the signal is done by scintillation counting, densitometry, or flow cytometry.
  • Antibody refers to a polypeptide ligand encoded by an immunoglobulin gene(s), which specifically binds and recognizes an epitope.
  • sample refers to a polynucleotides, antibodies fragments, polypeptides, peptides, genomic DNA, RNA, or cDNA, polypeptides, a cell, a tissue, and derivatives thereof may comprise a bodily fluid or a soluble cell preparation, or culture media, a chromosome, an organelle, or membrane isolated or extracted from a cell.
  • Subject refers to a subject or patient can include, but is not limited to, mammals such as bovine, avian, ovine, porcine, canine, equine, feline, or primate animals (including humans and non-human primates).
  • mammals such as bovine, avian, ovine, porcine, canine, equine, feline, or primate animals (including humans and non-human primates).
  • the subject can have a pre-existing disease or condition, such as cancer. Furthermore, the subject may not have any known pre-existing condition. In addition, the subject may also be non-responsive to an existing or past treatment, such as a treatment for cancer.
  • Body fluid refers to, but is not limited to, plasma, serum, urine, peripheral blood, sera, plasma, ascites, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), sputum, saliva, bone marrow, synovial fluid, aqueous humor, amniotic fluid, cerumen, breast milk, broncheoalveolar lavage fluid, semen, prostatic fluid, cowper's fluid or pre-ejaculatory fluid, female ejaculate, sweat, fecal matter, hair, tears, cyst fluid, pleural and peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid, lymph, chyme, chyle, bile, interstitial fluid, menses, pus, sebum, vomit, vaginal secretions, mucosal secretion, stool water, pancreatic juice, lavage fluids from sinus cavities, bronchopulmonary aspirates, blastocyl cavity fluid, or umbilical cord blood.
  • CSF cerebrospinal fluid
  • oral cancer refers to a group of malignant or neoplastic cancers originating in the oral cavity of an individual.
  • Non-limiting examples of oral cancers include cancers of the buccal vestibule, hard or soft palate, tongue, gums (including gingival and alveolar carcinomas), lingual cancer, buccal mucosa carcinoma, and the like.
  • Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma refers to group of cancers of epithelial cell origin originating in the head and neck, these tumors may arise from diverse locations, including the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, and nasopharynx.
  • the oral cavity includes the buccal mucosa, upper and lower alveolar ridges, floor of the mouth, retromolar trigone, hard palate, and anterior two thirds of the tongue.
  • Periodontitis refers diseases affecting the gums of an individual, including gingivitis, periodontitis, and the like.
  • “Therapeutically effective amount or dose” refers to a dose that produces effects for which it is administered. The exact dose depends on the purpose of the treatment.
  • Metastasis refers to spread of a cancer from the primary origin to other tissues and parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes.
  • Prognosis refers to prediction of the likelihood of metastasis, predictions of disease free and overall survival, the probable course and outcome of cancer therapy, or the likelihood of recovery from the cancer, in a subject.
  • Diagnosis refers to identification of a disease state, such as cancer in a subject.
  • the methods of diagnosis provided by the present invention can be combined with other methods of diagnosis well known in the art.
  • Non-limiting examples of other methods of diagnosis include, detection of known disease biomarkers in saliva samples, co-axial tomography (CAT) scans, positron emission tomography (PET), oral radiography, oral biopsy, radionuclide scanning, and the like.
  • xenografts means the transfer of tissues or cells between two mammals of different species.
  • Nucleic acid refers to deoxyribonucleotides or ribonucleotides and polymers thereof in either single- or double-stranded form, and complements thereof.
  • CSC Cancer Stem cells
  • ADH1A Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member Al.
  • NOTCH1 Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 is a protein encoded in humans by the NOTCH1 gene. Notch 1 is a single-pass transmembrane receptor.
  • a particular nucleic acid sequence may also implicitly encompass conservatively modified variants thereof (e.g., degenerate codon substitutions) and complementary sequences, in addition to the sequence explicitly indicated.
  • degenerate codon substitutions may be achieved by generating sequences in which the third position of one or more selected (or all) codons is substituted with mixed-base and/or deoxyinosine residues.
  • the cancer characterized by the methods of the invention can comprise, without limitation, a carcinoma, a germ cell tumor, a blastoma, a sarcoma, a lymphoma or leukemia, or other cancers.
  • Carcinomas include without limitation transitional cell papillomas and carcinomas, adenomas and adenocarcinomas (glands), adenoma, adenocarcinoma, linitis plastica insulinoma, glucagonoma, gastrinoma, vipoma, cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, carcinoid tumor of appendix, epithelial neoplasms, squamous cell neoplasms squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell neoplasms basal cell carcinoma, prolactinoma, oncocytoma, hurthle cell adenoma, renal cell carcinoma, ductal, lobular and medu
  • Sarcoma includes without limitation Askin's tumor, botryodies, grawitz tumor, multiple endocrine adenomas, endometrioid adenoma, adnexal and skin appendage neoplasms, mucoepidermoid neoplasms, cystic, mucinous and serous neoplasms, cystadenoma, pseudomyxoma peritonei, chondrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, malignant hemangio endothelioma, fibrosarcoma, hemangiopericytoma, hemangiosarcoma, kaposi's sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma, malignant schwannoma, osteosarcoma, soft tissue sarcomas including: alveolar soft part sarcoma, angiosarcoma, cystosarcoma phyll
  • Lymphoma and leukemia include without limitation chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (such as Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia), splenic marginal zone lymphoma, plasma cell myeloma, plasmacytoma, monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition diseases, heavy chain diseases, extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma, also called malt lymphoma, nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma (nmzl), follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, mediastinal (thymic) large B cell lymphoma, intravascular large B cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, burkitt lymphoma/leukemia, T cell prolymphocytic leukemia, extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, enteropathy-
  • Germ cell tumors include without limitation germinoma, dysgerminoma, seminoma, polyembryoma, and gonadoblastoma.
  • Blastoma includes without limitation nephroblastoma, medulloblastoma, nongerminomatous germ cell tumor, embryonal carcinoma, endodermal sinus turmor, choriocarcinoma, teratoma, and retinoblastoma.
  • cancers include without limitation labial carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, larynx carcinoma, hypopharynx carcinoma, tongue carcinoma, salivary gland carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, thyroid cancer (medullary and papillary thyroid carcinoma), renal carcinoma, kidney parenchyma carcinoma, cervix carcinoma, uterine corpus carcinoma, meningioma, endometrium carcinoma, chorion carcinoma, testis carcinoma, urinary carcinoma, melanoma, brain tumors such as glioblastoma, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma and peripheral neuroectodermal tumors, gall bladder carcinoma, bronchial carcinoma, multiple myeloma, basalioma, teratoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, retinoblastoma, choroidea melanoma, seminoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, craniopharyngeoma, fibrosarcoma, Ewing sarcom
  • a tumor microenvironment platform comprising oral carcinoma for predicting chemoresistance and dysplastic progression, wherein the method comprising:
  • oral cancer cell lines are autologous pairs of cancer cell lines
  • the platform can identify novel targets/biomarkers for chemoresistance and therapy.
  • cancer-associated fibroblasts are spontaneously transformed.
  • a method of predicting chemoresistance using the tumor microenvironment platform as claimed comprises the steps of: a. subjecting the MhCT12-E cells and the cancer-associated fibroblast cells to a drug with a concentration ranging from 1.9 to 200uM in a ratio of 1:1; and b. validating proliferation of the MhCT12-E cells and the cancer-associated fibroblasts by calculating IC50 value.
  • the method as claimed wherein the IC50 value of MhCT12-E cell is in the range of 2.3151 uM and the IC50 value in the presence of the MhCT12-F cells is in the range of 6.4542 uM.
  • one of the drug is cisplatin.
  • a method of predicting dysplastic progression using the tumor microenvironment platform as claimed, wherein the method is to assess the effectiveness of novel chemopreventive drugs comprising the steps of: a. co-culturing non-neoplastic and dysplastic epithelial cells together with MhCT08-F, MhCL03-F, MhCA04-F comprised in the tumor microenvironment platform, wherein the coculturing is performed for 48 hours in DMEM-F12 in 5% CO2 at 37°C, wherein the MhCB05-F to neoplastic and dysplastic epithelial cells are comprised in a ratio of 5:1; b. treating the platform with candidate drugs; and c. performing expression profiling, flow cytometer-based profiling of cancer stem cell markers in the co-cultured non-neoplastic and dysplastic epithelial cells and assessing cytotoxicity.
  • non-neoplastic cell is a HaCaT cell line
  • dysplastic epithelial cell is a DOK cell line
  • the oral carcinoma cell line is obtained from a cancer tissue obtained surgically or by biopsy or as a xenograft or any combination thereof.
  • the tumor microenvironment platform is for maintaining an intact tissue microenvironment, cellular architecture, and integrity of tumor-stroma interaction.
  • the method includes producing a xenograft model by injecting a mixture of the epithelial and fibroblast cells into a mouse model.
  • Experimental xenografts in animals are essential tool in cancer research and more particularly, in studying the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs or other therapeutic procedures.
  • Experimental xenografts also have potential applications in the study of the mode of action of drugs or other chemical compounds or biological substances or agents in biological systems.
  • Xenograft provide an improvement to the determination of efficacy of candidate therapeutic agents in xenograft animal models and their effects.
  • kits for predicting chemoresistance of novel drugs to oral carcinoma comprising a tumor microenvironment platform comprising oral cancer cell lines and cancer-associated fibroblast cells, wherein the oral cancer cell lines comprise MhCT12-E and MhCT08-E, wherein the cancer-associated fibroblasts cells comprise MhCT08-F, MhCL03-F, MhCA04-F, and MhCB05-F, wherein the cell lines are cultured in RPMI medium with 20% Fetal bovine serum (FBS), and (ii) culture medium comprising of epithelial spent media and fibroblast spent media.
  • FBS Fetal bovine serum
  • kits for predicting dysplastic progression for the efficacy of novel candidate chemopreventive drugs
  • the kit comprises a tumor microenvironment platform comprising dysplastic cell line (DOK) or non-neoplastic cell line (HaCaT) and cancer- associated fibroblast cells, wherein the cancer-associated fibroblasts cells comprise MhCT08-F, MhCE03-F, MhCA04-F, and MhCB05-F, wherein the cell lines are cultured in RPMI medium with 20% Fetal bovine serum (FBS), and (ii) culture medium comprising epithelial spent media and fibroblast spent media.
  • DOK dysplastic cell line
  • HaCaT non-neoplastic cell line
  • the cancer-associated fibroblasts cells comprise MhCT08-F, MhCE03-F, MhCA04-F, and MhCB05-F
  • FBS Fetal bovine serum
  • Tumor samples were collected after obtaining informed consent from patients. Tissues were collected aseptically in RPMI-1640 (cat. no. AT222A; Himedia Laboratories, LLC) with triple strength penicillin- streptomycin (cat. no. 15140122; Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) from two 65-year-old females with no risk habits, diagnosed with Oral squamous cell carcinoma. The tissue samples were thoroughly washed 3 times at 5 min interval with 3X penicillin- streptomycin followed by 10% povidone iodine solution (Win Medicare Pvt. Ltd.) and finally with complete growth medium. The tissue was cut into small sections and treated with 0.25% trypsin (cat. no.
  • the epithelial cells were enriched by differential trypsinization and further sub-cultured. Briefly, the cells were trypsinized for two different time points. After a min of trypsinization, floating cells (fibroblasts) were removed and seeded in a separate flask. Since fibroblasts can detach faster than epithelial cells, this differential trypsinization technique yielded two separate cellular populations. The separated cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 media with 20% FBS and no additional growth supplements.
  • the cells were passaged for more than P50 and were characterized for cell-type specificity at both early and late passages. Later passages of the cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 medium, pH 7.2, supplemented with 20% FBS and IX penicillin-streptomycin solution. Both the epithelial and fibroblast cells originated from the oral tissues of the patient. The established cell types were stained with Pan-cytokeratin (PanCK; epithelial specific marker) and FSP-1 (fibroblast specific marker), to verify their identities after differential trypsinization. Isolated epithelial and fibroblast cells were denoted as mentioned in table I.
  • M Mazumdar shaw medical foundation
  • h Human
  • C Cancer of
  • T Tongue
  • B Buccal Mucosa
  • L Larynx
  • A Upper alveoulus
  • 03/04/01/08/12 Patient code
  • E Epithelial
  • F Fibroblast.
  • the current invention focuses on primary cell lines derived from oral cancer patients, their characterization as well as validation of the use of the model in early carcinogenesis as well as chemoresistance.
  • Table 1 Names of Cell line. Cell lines used in the invention have been renamed to provide uniformity.
  • Oral cancer cell lines (104) as well as cancer-associated fibroblasts (106) have been derived from patients diagnosed with oral cancer via explant culture (102). Co-culture models (108) were tested for their relevance in early carcinogenesis (112) and drug resistance (114).
  • fibroblasts (MhCT12-F, M08 fibre, MhCL03-F, MhCA03-F, and MhCB05-F) and two epithelial cell lines (MhCT12-E and MhCT08-E) were established from patient tumor samples and the following experiments were performed.
  • Table 2 shows Clinical and pathological details of established cell lines
  • EXAMPLE 1 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PATIENT-DERIVED CELL
  • the established cell lines (MhCT12-F, M08 fibre, MhCT08-E and MhCT12-E) were characterized using various techniques as detailed below:
  • HPV 16 and 18 infections have been associated with oral cancer. More than 25% of all the oral cancers are associated with HPV 16 infection, while a lower percentage of about 1-3% is attributed to HPV 18 infection.
  • HPV positive oral cancers are associated with a favourable prognosis when compared to the HPV negative oral cancers.
  • the established cell lines were examined for the presence of HPV infection status by staining with pl6 and E7 antibody via immunocytochemistry. HeLa cells, a cervical cancer cell line was used as a positive control for the experiment. As depicted in FIG 2, both the epithelial and fibroblast cells were lightly stained for p 16 and E7.
  • DNA content was determined in the established cell lines by performing ploidy analysis. Normal human lymphocytes from a healthy individual was used as a control for diploid DNA content. Dividing the mean channel of the cells in the Go phase by that of the Go mean channel of diploid lymphocytes gave the DNA index number. The DNA indices of M08 and B12 cells were 1.1 and 0.8 respectively. M08 cell line had slightly higher than diploid DNA content, while B 12 was towards the lower DNA content. The results therefore indicate that both the patient samples have abnormal DNA content which might be responsible for the cancerous transformation of these cells. (FIG 3)
  • STR profiling of 10 loci was performed to establish the genomic identity, cell line identity and exclude any cross -contamination (Table 3 and 4).
  • the STR profile of the established cell lines was distinct from that of any other cell lines deposited in ATCC and Expasy Cellosaurus STR (CLASTR) database. These results thus indicated that both the M08 and B12 lines were novel.
  • CLASTR Expasy Cellosaurus STR
  • the cell lines exhibited different doubling times as depicted in the FIG. As depicted from FIG 4 doubling time of approximately 25 hours was observed for MhCT12-E cell line. Both the fibroblast cell lines depicted higher doubling times than epithelial cells as depicted in FIG 4.
  • Established primary epithelial cell was treated with conditioned media from its autologous primary fibroblast pair. Treatment with conditioned media from the autologous fibroblast pair significantly increased the invasive potential MhCT12-E cell types (p-value ⁇ 0.05) as depicted in FIG 7.
  • Established primary MhCT12-E cell was treated with conditioned media from its autologous primary fibroblast pairs.
  • Treatment with conditioned media from the autologous fibroblast pair significantly increased the sphere formation potential in GelMA hydrogels as depicted in FIG 8a. Not only the number, but the size of the spheres was also observed to be increased upon treatment with conditioned medium (FIG 8b).
  • FIG. 8a is MhCT12-E cells with no treatment and Neat CM.
  • FIG. 8b is MhCT12-E cells with no treatment and CM treatment.
  • FIG. 8c depicts results of no treatment and neat concentrated medium.
  • the Proliferation assay was performed to check the intrinsic Cisplatin resistance of MhCT12-E and fibroblast cells.
  • the cells seeded, (10000 cells per well) were treated with cisplatin concentration ranging from 1.9 to 200 uM in a ratio of 1:1.
  • the proliferation trend in both cells is almost same, but the difference can be validated by calculating the IC50 value, which was determined to be 2.3151 uM for MhCT12-E and 6.4542 uM for fibroblast.
  • epithelial cells are more susceptible to the cisplatin medication than fibroblast cells.
  • the same can be observed in the following proliferation graph of MhCT12-F vs Epithelial cells (FIG. 9).
  • the cells were treated with the respective 100% conditioned medium for five passages and the proliferation was monitored.
  • FIG. 10a illustrates Comparative graph of MhCT12-F with and without conditioned media
  • FIG. 10b illustrates comparative graph of MhCT12-E with and without conditioned media.
  • EXAMPLE 3 Patient-derived cells as a model for early carcinogenesis
  • the established cell line (MhCB05-F) was characterized using various techniques as detailed below,
  • Flow cytometer The cancer associated fibroblast nature of the cell line was confirmed by the presence of alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin (a-SMA) using FACS. A pure population of fibroblast was confirmed by negative staining with pan-Cytokeratin (pan-CK) antibody. The MhCB05-Fblast cells showed 89.5% ⁇ 3.18 positivity for a-SMA, while pan-CK showed 0.815% ⁇ 0.36 indicating absence of epithelial cells (FIG 12).
  • a-SMA alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin
  • pan-CK pan-Cytokeratin
  • EXAMPLE 4 POTENTIAL TO INDUCE TUMORIGENICITY
  • the MhCB05-Fblast cells were tested for their potential to induce tumorigenicity in non-neoplastic (HaCaT) and dysplastic (DOK) epithelial cells.
  • HaCaT non-neoplastic
  • DOK dysplastic
  • the fibroblast medium for conditioned medium assay was obtained from 60-70% confluent CAF (1404) monolayer culture with DMEM: F12 (1:1) medium without FBS for a period of 48 hours. The culture was changed to SFM (1406). The medium was then collected and spun at l lOOrpm for 3 minutes to pellet down any floating cells or debris (1408). The supernatant was collected in a fresh tube and stored for further use (1412). Indirect Co-culture (1410) was thus achieved by changing the supernatant to CAF-CM (1414) (FIG 14).
  • the transwell co-culture was performed in human epithelial (HaCaT and DOK) and fibroblast (h-CAF) cells using transwell inserts (1502).
  • the epithelial and fibroblast cells were trypsinized, counted (50,000 cells/well) and plated in complete medium (1506) onto the 24- well plate and the trans well insert respectively.
  • the medium was changed to serum-free medium after 24 hours and the cells were then allowed to grow for 48 hours. Post 48 hours, the epithelial cells were trypsinized (1504) and used for further characterization (FIG 15).
  • Transwell co-culture with epithelial and fibroblast cells was also carried out in human cell lines.
  • Profiling of these transwell co-cultured cells showed significant up-regulation of ALDH1A1 (1.3fold), CD133 (8.4 fold), and NOTCH1 (10.9 fold) in HaCaT cells, while DOK cells showed upregulation of SOX-2 (24.5 fold) alone as compared to their respective monolayer cells (FIG 16).
  • the cells treated with CAF-conditioned medium and co-cultured with trans well inserts were also assessed for their invasiveness as compared to their respective monolayer cells.
  • HaCaT cells showed a higher percentage of invasiveness in both CAF-conditioned media treated (5.4+0.22) and transwell co-cultured (5.5+0.39) cells as compared to control (3+0.67) cells and a comparison between CAF-conditioned medium treated cells and transwell cocultured cells did not show any difference in invasiveness (FIG 18).
  • EXAMPLE 5 CANCER CELL-CAF MODEL FOR RESISTANCE TO CHEMOTHERAPY
  • BMS12 primary tumor derived fibroblast
  • M05 Recurrent patient derived Fibroblast
  • MDR Multi-drug resistance genes
  • MDR1 MDR1, MRP2, ABCG2, Survivin, ERCC1
  • MDRl 2.95fold, P ⁇ 0.03
  • TS (1.52fold
  • ABCG2 4.3fold, P ⁇ 0.001
  • Survivin 1.3fold, P ⁇ 0.0003
  • ERCC1 5.56fold, P ⁇ 0.05
  • NANOG (1.68-fold, P ⁇ 0.0054
  • OCT4 (2.45-fold, P ⁇ 0.001)
  • Notchl (1.16fold, P ⁇ 0.0051
  • CXCR4 (1.19-fold, P ⁇ 0.045)
  • SDFlalpha 2-fold, p ⁇ 0.04).
  • Cal-27CisR showed an up-regulation MDRl(1.39fold, P ⁇ 0.03), TS (1.69fold), ABCG1/2 (1.39fold, P ⁇ 0.001) Survivin (1.75fold, P ⁇ 0.0003 and ERCC1 (1.23fold, P ⁇ 0.05) as compared to Cal-27CisR untreated cells.
  • the cancer stem cell regulatory genes, SOX2 (4.27-fold, P ⁇ 0.0001), NANOG (1.87-fold, P ⁇ 0.0054), OCT4 (1.38-fold, P ⁇ 0.001) also showed an increase along with Notchl (1.16fold, P ⁇ 0.0051), CXCR4 (1.16-fold, P ⁇ 0.02) and SDFlalpha (1.5-fold, p ⁇ 0.04) (FIG 23).
  • multicellular spheroids epidermal + fibroblast
  • M05 and BMS12 fibroblast with Cal-27 and Cal-27CisR cells showed difference in size and morphology of spheroids.
  • MO8 oral epithelial cells were plated in a 96-well plate at 3.0x104 cells per well and incubated overnight.
  • Different concentration of the anti-SARS-COV2 agent at 500, 250,125 & 62.5, 31.25 and 15.625 pg/ml
  • SARS-CoV-2 virus at an MOI of 0.01 at 37 oC for 1.5 hours and then added to the seeded cells and incubated for 1 h at 37 °C with 5% CO2.
  • the infection media was removed and fresh growth media was added onto the cells and incubated for 48 hours. After the completion of 48 hours the supernatant was collected into viral transport media.
  • the virus was inactivated and the viral load was checked by q-RT-PCR assay with Nucleocapsid-N-gene, Envelop-E- gene and RdRp (RNA dependent RNA polymerase) gene primers. As observed in FIG 25, there was a dose dependent decrease in viral load with an increasing concentration of SolAce2 protein.
  • M08 and B12 were cultured in both high and low glucose media conditions.
  • SARS- COV2 viral particles at an MOI of 0.1 was used to infect the cells by incubating for 1 hour at 37°C. The media was changed into fresh media and incubated for 48 hours. The cells were lysed with Trizol and RNA isolated.
  • the viral load was detected in the cells by qRT PCR by amplifying the Nucleocapsid (N), and the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of SARS-COV2.
  • the differential CT values between the cells grown at Low and high glucose conditions was calculated and plotted to see the difference in the viral entry into the cells. As seen in FIG 26, the viral infectivity was higher when cells were subjected to high glucose conditions.
  • CAF cell lines derived are also from two cohorts of patients, treatment naive and recurrent. These cell lines are generated from oral cancer patients. However only cancer cell lines have been generated.
  • Models can be used to explore the role of CAF-cancer cell interactions during dysplastic progression, drug resistance as well as during metastasis.
  • the platform can be used to study SARS-CoV2 viral entry through oral route
  • the platform grown in high glucose can be used to study SARS-CoV2 viral pathogenesis in comorbid (hyperglycemia) condition.
  • the platform can be used in,
  • the markers can be used for the development of kits that enable saliva collection, processing, and marker detection. These diagnostic kits developed can then be utilized by hospitals/private clinic s/dental doctors or the public as such to screen/diagnose oral cancer.

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Abstract

La présente divulgation concerne une plateforme de micro-environnement tumoral comprenant un carcinome buccal pour prédire la sensibilité aux médicaments, la pharmacorésistance et la progression de la maladie. Plus particulièrement, l'invention se concentre sur un procédé d'obtention d'une plateforme de micro-environnement tumoral comprenant un carcinome buccal pour prédire une chimiorésistance et des lignées cellulaires primaires de progression dysplasique issues de patients atteints d'un cancer buccal, leur caractérisation et leur validation en tant que modèle dans la carcinogenèse précoce et la chimiorésistance. En outre, l'invention concerne une paire autologue de lignées cellulaires cancéreuses et le développement de lignées cellulaires de fibroblastes associées au cancer (CAF) chez des patients. Dans un autre mode de réalisation, l'invention concerne le développement de lignées cellulaires transformées spontanément provenant de patients atteints d'un cancer buccal. De plus, la présente invention fournit également des kits qui sont utiles dans la mise en œuvre des procédés de l'invention.
PCT/IB2022/060192 2021-10-23 2022-10-24 Plateforme de micro-environnement tumoral comprenant un carcinome buccal pour prédire la sensibilité aux médicaments, la pharmacorésistance et la progression de la maladie WO2023067582A1 (fr)

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