WO2023066325A1 - 沉框基础及其地面预制装备和下沉装置 - Google Patents

沉框基础及其地面预制装备和下沉装置 Download PDF

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WO2023066325A1
WO2023066325A1 PCT/CN2022/126347 CN2022126347W WO2023066325A1 WO 2023066325 A1 WO2023066325 A1 WO 2023066325A1 CN 2022126347 W CN2022126347 W CN 2022126347W WO 2023066325 A1 WO2023066325 A1 WO 2023066325A1
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Prior art keywords
wall
sinking
foundation
formwork
chain
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PCT/CN2022/126347
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王树生
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王树生
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Publication of WO2023066325A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023066325A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/045—Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them
    • E02D29/05—Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them at least part of the cross-section being constructed in an open excavation or from the ground surface, e.g. assembled in a trench
    • E02D29/055—Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them at least part of the cross-section being constructed in an open excavation or from the ground surface, e.g. assembled in a trench further excavation of the cross-section proceeding underneath an already installed part of the structure, e.g. the roof of a tunnel
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
    • E02D15/08—Sinking workpieces into water or soil inasmuch as not provided for elsewhere
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/01—Flat foundations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/08—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging elements on an endless chain
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/08—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging elements on an endless chain
    • E02F3/12—Component parts, e.g. bucket troughs
    • E02F3/14—Buckets; Chains; Guides for buckets or chains; Drives for chains
    • E02F3/143—Buckets; Chains; Guides for buckets or chains; Drives for chains chains; chain links; scraper chains
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/08—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging elements on an endless chain
    • E02F3/12—Component parts, e.g. bucket troughs
    • E02F3/14—Buckets; Chains; Guides for buckets or chains; Drives for chains
    • E02F3/145—Buckets; Chains; Guides for buckets or chains; Drives for chains drives
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/0007—Base structures; Cellars
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/0007—Base structures; Cellars
    • E04B1/0015—Cellars constructed from prefabricated units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2250/00—Production methods
    • E02D2250/0007—Production methods using a mold
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2250/00—Production methods
    • E02D2250/0023—Cast, i.e. in situ or in a mold or other formwork

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of underground building construction, in particular to a sinking frame foundation, ground prefabricated equipment and sinking devices thereof.
  • Existing large-scale underground buildings are often constructed by the open-cut method.
  • the open-cut method needs to excavate the foundation pit first for support and precipitation, and then pour or assemble the underground building in the foundation pit.
  • the process is complicated, the cost is expensive, and the construction period is long. There is a larger impact on the surrounding high-rise buildings.
  • the chain knife is easy to break and the driving power is greatly increased; it is easy to tilt when falling, and it is difficult to correct the deviation; The amount and sinking speed are out of control, and the cutter head is easy to wear.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a sunk frame foundation, its ground prefabricated equipment and sinking device, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the above-mentioned background technology.
  • the construction site includes a basement, mobile prefabricated equipment and sinking devices
  • the basement includes a sinking frame foundation
  • the sinking frame foundation is composed of several sinking wall foundations
  • the sinking wall foundation is exactly the foundation of the basement.
  • the strip foundation under the wall, the underground diaphragm wall and the structural exterior wall are three-in-one wall.
  • the wall is poured on the ground through prefabricated equipment, and the sinking device is used to sink directly to the design depth without digging the foundation pit.
  • the wall includes a steel cage
  • the prefabricated equipment includes a formwork device.
  • the formwork device When prefabricating a wall, the formwork device is installed on the ground above the horizontal position of the sunk frame foundation to be constructed, and the reinforcement cage is placed in the formwork device, or the reinforcement cage is placed first, and then the formwork device is installed, and then poured Concrete;
  • the sinking device includes a chain knife excavating device and a hanging device located on the top of the sinking frame foundation, the chain knife excavating device excavates the rock and soil at the bottom of the wall, including a chain knife, a top frame and guide rails, and the chain knife includes a chain and is installed on the chain
  • the knife for excavating rock and soil, the chain runs on the guide rail, and the chain knife passes through the top frame to envelop the wall; during the sinking wall construction, the hanging device hangs the top frame and the wall, and the chain knife at the bottom of the wall excavates rock and soil, running from bottom to top
  • the chain knife conveys the excavated rock and soil to the top, and the foundation of the sink
  • the formwork device includes side formwork, end formwork and bottom formwork, and the side formwork, end formwork and bottom formwork are respectively located at the two sides, both ends and the bottom of the wall.
  • the reinforcement cage includes a U-shaped guide rail, which is an integral part of the guide rail.
  • the U-shaped guide rail is located at the bottom and both sides of the wall, and is also an end and bottom formwork with an integrated structure of the end formwork and the bottom formwork.
  • the sunken frame foundation includes a basement, which is the bottom plate of the basement, and the basement is constructed after the sunk frame foundation is sunk to the design position, and the rock and soil in the basement are excavated.
  • the wall includes a box groove at the connecting part of the paper base, and there is a part of the steel cage in the box groove, including the box cover. After the wall sinks in place, remove the box cover, and weld the reinforcement cage around the paper base to the steel cage in the box groove After forming a whole, the base is poured to make the concrete fill the space of the box groove.
  • the prefabricated equipment includes a support plate, a base and a support rod, the bottom of the template device is fixed on the base, the support plate is fixed on the ground, and is located on both sides of the wall, the base is fixed on the support plate, including a fixed interface, and the support rod includes a bottom The bottom end is connected with the fixed interface, and the top end is connected with the template device.
  • the hanging device includes a steel strand hydraulic lifting jack, and the steel strand hydraulic lifting jack adopts a core-through structure hydraulic lifter as a lifting tool, and the wedge-shaped anchors at both ends of the hydraulic lifter have a one-way self-locking effect. When working, it will automatically lock the steel strand. When the anchorage is not working, let go of the steel strand, and the steel strand can move up and down.
  • Several steel strand hydraulic lifting jacks are synchronously and slowly lifted, and the wall is lowered in a suspended state. heavy. Due to its own huge self-weight, it is difficult to produce offset; when the wall is sinking, the descending speed of the hanging device is controlled to meet different geological conditions.
  • the main steps of the basement construction are as follows:
  • the basement includes a multi-storey basement.
  • the sinking wall foundation is a three-wall structure, which is easy to adopt prefabricated buildings.
  • the permanent roof, floor slab or beam in the underground structure can be used as support.
  • the sinking wall foundation uses the strip foundation under the wall to replace the traditional The pile foundation can also play the role of water-stop curtain. It is a rapid wall sinking construction method without foundation pit and support.
  • the sinking speed is controllable, and compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages: in the suspended state, the vertical force of the bottom pressing on the chain knife is extremely small, so that the impact of the chain knife is reduced. The force is small, and the driving force drops sharply; due to the multi-point suspension, it is easy to achieve synchronous descent, and the huge self-weight cannot cause inclination, so there is no need for deviation correction; because the descent speed is controllable, it can be designed according to different geological conditions. Different feeding amount, that is, different descending speed, the cutter head cannot be worn, and the service life is greatly increased.
  • the mobile prefabricated equipment pours the main structure of the basement at the ground subsidence construction point, the concrete meets the form removal requirements, the prefabricated equipment is removed, and the sinking device performs sinking construction on the sinking frame foundation. It is necessary to move the location, carry out sinking construction on the spot, and move the mobile prefabricated equipment to the next operation point to continue pouring the main structure of the basement.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the basement 1A poured by the prefabricated equipment 1B at the construction site 1;
  • Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1, also is to install the formwork device 4, place the reinforcement cage 3-1 in the formwork device 4 and then pour the concrete structure schematic diagram;
  • Fig. 3 is the A-A view of Fig. 2, is also the structural representation of the side formwork 4-1 and the bottom formwork 4-3 that form formwork device 4;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wall 3 supported on the ground by the support plate 1B-1, the base 1B-2 and the support rod 1B-3 after the formwork device 4 is removed;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of installing a chain knife excavating device 5 on the wall 3 of the sunk frame foundation 2;
  • Fig. 6 is the structural representation of chain knife 5-1;
  • Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the sinking frame foundation 2 under the assistance of the sinking device 1C, the chain knife excavating device 5 excavating the rock and soil at the bottom of the wall 3, and the hanging device 6 hanging the sinking frame foundation 2 from the top to control the speed of descending excavation;
  • Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of removing the chain cutter excavating device 5 after the sinking wall foundation 2-1 sinks in place, and there is also a part of the reinforcement cage 3-1 in the box groove 3-2, and the box cover 3-2-1 covers the reinforcement cage 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of -1;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the construction base 2-2 after the box cover 3-2-1 is removed;
  • Fig. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of basement 1A being a second-floor basement
  • 1 in the figure is the construction site; 1A is the basement; 1A1 is the strip foundation under the wall; 1A2 is the underground diaphragm wall; 1A3 is the structural exterior wall; 1B is the mobile prefabricated equipment; Including support plate 1B-1, base 1B-2 and support rod 1B-3; 1B-1 is the support plate; 1B-2 is the base; 1B-2-1 is the fixed interface; 1B-3 is the support rod, including the bottom end 1B-3-1 and 1B-3-2 at the top; 1B-3-1 is the bottom; 1B-3-2 is the top; 2 is the foundation of the sinking frame; 2-1 is the foundation of the sinking wall; 2-2 is the base ; 3 is a wall; 3-1 is a reinforcement cage; 3U is a U-shaped guide rail; 3-2 is a box groove; 3-2-1 is a box cover; 2 and bottom formwork 4-3; 4-1 is a side formwork; 4-2 is an end formwork; 4-23 is an end and bottom formwork with an integrated structure of end formwork 4-2
  • the construction site 1 includes a basement 1A, mobile prefabricated equipment 1B and sinking device 1C
  • the basement 1A includes a sinking frame foundation 2
  • the sinking frame foundation 2 consists of several sinking wall foundations 2- 1
  • the sinking wall foundation 2-1 is the wall 3 that integrates the strip foundation 1A1 under the wall of the basement 1A, the underground continuous wall 1A2 and the structural exterior wall 1A3, and the wall 3 is poured on the ground through the prefabricated equipment 1B.
  • the wall 3 includes a steel cage 3-1;
  • the prefabricated equipment 1B includes a formwork device 4, when the prefabricated wall 3 is at the horizontal position of the sinking frame foundation 2 to be constructed
  • the formwork device 4 is installed on the ground above, and the reinforcement cage 3-1 is placed in the formwork device 4, or the reinforcement cage 3-1 is placed first and then the formwork device 4 is installed, and then concrete is poured;
  • the sinking device 1C includes a chain cutter excavation device 5 And the hanging device 6 that is positioned at the top of the sinking frame foundation 2, the rock and soil at the bottom of the wall 3 excavated by the chain knife digging device 5, including the chain knife 5-1, the top frame 5-2 and the guide rail 5-3,
  • the chain knife 5-1 includes Chain 5-1-1 and the cutter 5-1-2 that is installed on the chain 5-1-1 to excavate rock and soil, chain 5-1-1 runs on guide rail 5-3, and chain cutter 5-1 passes top frame 5 -2 enveloping wall 3; during sinking
  • the sinking frame foundation 2 can be poured and sunk as a whole in the height direction, or can be poured and sunk in sections.
  • Described formwork device 4 comprises side formwork 4-1, end formwork 4-2 and bottom formwork 4-3, and side formwork 4-1, end formwork 4-2 and bottom formwork 4-3 are respectively positioned at the both sides of wall 3, ends and bottom.
  • the reinforcement cage 3-1 includes a U-shaped guide rail 3U, and the U-shaped guide rail 3U is an integral part of the guide rail 5-3.
  • the U-shaped guide rail 3U is located at the bottom and both sides of the wall 3, and is also the end template 4-2 and the bottom template 4-3 An end-bottom formwork 4-23 with an integrated structure.
  • the sunken frame foundation 2 includes the foundation 2-2, the foundation 2-2 is the bottom plate of the basement 1A, the foundation 2-2 is the sinking of the frame foundation 2 to the design position, after the rock and soil in the basement 1A are dug Re-construction.
  • the sinking frame foundation 2 is the base 2-2 with the strip foundation 1A1 under the wall.
  • the wall 3 includes a box groove 3-2 at the connecting part of the paper base 2-2, and there is a part of the steel cage 3-1 in the box groove 3-2, including the box cover 3-2-1. After the wall 3 sinks in place, Remove the box cover 3-2-1, weld the reinforcement cage around the base 2-2 with the reinforcement cage 3-1 in the box groove 3-2 to form a whole, then pour the base 2-2 to make the concrete fill the box groove 3-2 spaces.
  • the prefabricated equipment 1B includes a support plate 1B-1, a base 1B-2 and a support rod 1B-3, the bottom of the template device 4 is fixed on the base 1B-2, the support plate 1B-1 is fixed on the ground, and is located on the wall 3 On both sides, the base 1B-2 is fixed on the support plate 1B-1, including the fixed interface 1B-2-1, the support rod 1B-3 includes the bottom end 1B-3-1 and the top end 1B-3-2, the bottom end 1B- 3-1 is connected with the fixed interface 1B-2-1, and the top 1B-3-2 is connected with the template device 4.
  • the hanging device 6 includes a steel strand hydraulic lifting jack 6A, and the steel strand hydraulic lifting jack 6A adopts a core-through structure hydraulic lifter as a lifting tool, and the wedge-shaped anchors at both ends of the hydraulic lifter have a one-way self-locking effect, When the anchorage works tight, it will automatically lock the steel strand. When the anchorage is not loose, release the steel strand, and the steel strand can move up and down.
  • Several steel strand hydraulic lifting jacks 6A are synchronously and slowly lifted. 3 is sinking in suspension. Due to its own huge self-weight, it is difficult to produce offset; when the wall 3 is sinking the wall, it satisfies different geological conditions by controlling the descending speed of the hanging device 6 .
  • the main steps of the basement 1A construction are as follows:
  • the basement 1A includes a multi-storey basement.
  • connection should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixed connection or detachable connection, or The integrated connection may also be a mechanical connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and the specific meaning of the terms in the present invention may be understood according to specific circumstances.

Abstract

本发明公开了沉框基础及其地面预制装备和下沉装置，涉及地下建筑施工技术领域，施工现场包括地下室、移动式的预制装备和下沉装置，地下室包括沉框基础，沉框基础由若干沉墙基础组成，沉墙基础就是集地下室的墙下条形基础、地下连续墙和结构外墙三墙合一的墙，墙通过预制装备在地面上完成浇筑，利用下沉装置不挖基坑直接整体下沉至设计深度，墙包括钢筋笼；预制装备包括模板装置，预制墙时，在待施工的沉框基础的水平位置上方的地面上安装模板装置，下沉装置包括链刀挖掘装置和位于沉框基础顶部的吊挂装置，链刀挖掘装置挖掘墙底部的岩土，链刀包括链条和安装在链条上挖掘岩土的刀，链条在导轨上运行，链刀通过顶架包络墙。

Description

沉框基础及其地面预制装备和下沉装置 技术领域
本发明涉及地下建筑施工技术领域，具体是沉框基础及其地面预制装备和下沉装置。
背景技术
现有大型地下建筑物用明挖法施工较多，明挖法需要先开挖基坑做支护和降水，然后在基坑内浇筑或者装配地下建筑，工艺复杂，成本昂贵，施工周期长，而且对周边的高层建筑有较大的。
现有地下建筑整体下沉，靠自重下沉，自身的重量全部压在底部链刀上，链刀易断且驱动功率大大增加；下降易产生倾斜，很难纠偏；不能控制下降速度即进刀量，下沉速度完成处于失控状态，刀头容易磨损。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供沉框基础及其地面预制装备和下沉装置，来解决上述背景技术中提到的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：施工现场包括地下室、移动式的预制装备和下沉装置，地下室包括沉框基础，沉框基础由若干沉墙基础组成，沉墙基础就是集地下室的墙下条形基础、地下连续墙和结构外墙三墙合一的墙，墙通过预制装备在地面上完成浇筑，利用下沉装置不挖基坑直接整体下沉至设计深度，墙包括钢筋笼；预制装备包括模板装置，预制墙时，在待施工的沉框基础的水平位置上方的地面上安装模板装置，将钢筋笼放置在模板装置内，或先放置钢筋笼再安装模板装置，再浇筑混凝土；下沉装置包括链刀挖掘装置和位于沉框基础顶部的吊挂装置，链刀挖掘装置挖掘墙底部的岩土，包括链刀、顶架和导轨，链刀包括链条和安装在链条上挖掘岩土的刀，链条在导轨上运行，链刀通过顶架包络墙；沉墙施工时，吊挂装置吊挂顶架和墙，墙底部的链刀挖掘岩土，由下往上运行的链刀将已挖掘的岩土输送至上方，沉框基础随之下沉，下沉到位后，抽出链 刀，完成沉框基础的施工。
所述的模板装置包括侧模板、端模板和底模板，侧模板、端模板和底模板分别位于墙的两侧、两端和底部。
所述的钢筋笼包括U型导轨，U型导轨是导轨的组成部分，U型导轨位于墙的底部和两侧，同时也是端模板和底模板为一体结构的端底模板。
所述的沉框基础包括笺基，笺基就是地下室的底板，笺基是沉框基础下沉至设计位置，挖去地下室内的岩土后再施工的。
所述的墙在笺基相连部位包括盒槽，盒槽内有部分钢筋笼，包括盒盖，墙下沉到位后，去除盒盖，将笺基的钢筋笼四周与盒槽内的钢筋笼焊接成整体后，再浇筑笺基，使混凝土充满盒槽的空间。
所述的预制装备包括支承板、底座和支撑杆，模板装置的底部固定于底座上，支承板固定于地面，位于墙的两侧，底座固定于支承板上，包括固定接口，支撑杆包括底端和顶端，底端与固定接口连接，顶端与模板装置连接。
所述的吊挂装置包括钢绞线液压升降千斤顶，钢绞线液压升降千斤顶采用穿芯式结构液压提升器作为升降机具，液压升降器两端的楔形锚具具有单向自锁作用，当锚具工作时，会自动锁紧钢绞线，锚具不工作时，放开钢绞线，钢绞线可上下活动，若干钢绞线液压升降千斤顶是同步缓慢升降的，墙是在悬挂状态下下沉的。由于其自身的巨大自重，难以产生偏移；墙在进行沉墙施工时，是通过控制吊挂装置的下降速度来满足不同的地质条件。
所述的地下室施工的主要步骤如下：
1)在施工现场沉框基础水平位置的上方，完成支承板和底座的安装；
2)将钢筋笼搁在底座上，两侧模板的底部与底座固连成一体；
3)将支撑杆的底端与固定接口连接，顶端与侧模板连接；
4)浇筑混凝土，满设定的时间后，拆除侧模板；
5)满养护期后，在墙的顶部安装顶架和吊挂装置，吊挂装置通过顶架吊挂墙；
6)抽走底座，完成链刀挖掘装置的安装；
7)链刀挖掘墙底部的岩土，沉框基础下沉到位后，抽出链刀，完成墙的施工；
8)挖掘沉框基础内的岩土至设定深度，拆除盒盖；
9)制作笺基的钢筋笼，并使其四周与盒槽内的钢筋笼焊接成整体；
10)再浇筑笺基；
11)继续后续施工，直至完成地下室的全部施工。
所述的地下室包括多层地下室。
综上所述，沉墙基础是三墙合一结构，容易采用装配式建筑，可以将地下结构中永久性的顶板、楼层板或者梁作为支护，沉墙基础用墙下条形基础替代传统的桩基，还可以起到止水帷幕的作用，是一种无基坑、无支护的快速沉墙施工法。
本发明，由于增加了吊挂装置，下沉速度可控，与现有技术相比具有以下的优势：由于处于悬挂状态，底部压在链刀上的铅直力极小，使链刀的受力较小，驱动力急剧下降；由于是多点吊挂，容易实现同步下降，庞大的自重不可能产生倾斜，所以无需纠偏；由于下降速度可控，对于不同的地质条件，可根据需要设计成不同的进刀量，即不同的下降速度，刀头不容磨损，使用寿命大大增加。
本发明，移动式的预制装备在地面下沉施工点浇筑地下室的主体结构，混凝土达到拆模要求，拆除预制装备，下沉装置对沉框基础进行下沉施工，沉框基础的自重大，不需要移动位置，原地进行下沉施工，移动式的预制装备移动至下一个作业点继续浇筑地下室的主体结构。
附图说明
图1是预制装备1B在施工现场1浇筑地下室1A主体结构的示意图；
图2是图1的俯视图，也是安装模板装置4，将钢筋笼3-1放置在模板装置4内再浇筑混凝土结构示意图；
图3是图2的A-A视图，也是组成模板装置4的侧模板4-1和底模板4-3的结构示意图；
图4是拆除模板装置4后，墙3由支承板1B-1、底座1B-2和支撑杆1B-3支撑在地面的结构示意图；
图5是在沉框基础2的墙3上安装链刀挖掘装置5的结构示意图；
图6是链刀5-1的结构示意图；
图7是沉框基础2在下沉装置1C协助下，链刀挖掘装置5挖掘墙3底部的岩土，吊挂装置6从顶部吊住沉框基础2控制下降挖掘的速度的结构示意图；
图8是沉墙基础2-1下沉到位后拆除链刀挖掘装置5的结构示意图，也是盒槽3-2内有部分钢筋笼3-1，盒盖3-2-1盖住钢筋笼3-1的结构示意图；
图9是拆除盒盖3-2-1后施工笺基2-2的结构示意图；
图10是地下室1A是二层地下室的结构示意图；
图中的1是施工现场；1A是地下室；1A1是墙下条形基础；1A2是地下连续墙；1A3是结构外墙；1B是移动式预制装备；1C是下沉装置；1B是预制装备，包括支承板1B-1、底座1B-2和支撑杆1B-3；1B-1是支承板；1B-2是底座；1B-2-1是固定接口；1B-3是支撑杆、包括底端1B-3-1和顶端1B-3-2；1B-3-1是底端；1B-3-2是顶端；2是沉框基础；2-1是沉墙基础；2-2是笺基；3是墙；3-1是钢筋笼；3U是U型导轨；3-2是盒槽；3-2-1是盒盖；4是模板装置，包括侧模板4-1、端模板4-2和底模板4-3；4-1是侧模板；4-2是端模板；4-23是是端模板4-2和底模板4-3为一体结构的端底模板；5是链刀挖掘装置，包括链刀5-1、顶架5-2和导轨5-3；5-1是链刀，包括链条5-1-1和安装在链条5-1-1上挖掘岩土的刀5-1-2；5-1-1是链条；5-1-2是刀；5-2是顶架；5-3是导轨；6是吊挂装置；6A是钢绞线液压升降千斤顶。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例，基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1～10本发明实施例中，施工现场1包括地下室1A、移动式的预制装备1B和下沉装置1C，地下室1A包括沉框基础2，沉框基础2由若干沉墙基础2-1组成，沉墙基础2-1就是集地下室1A的墙下条形基础1A1、地下连续墙1A2和结构外墙1A3三墙合一的墙3，墙3通过预制装备1B在地面上完成浇筑，利用下沉装置1C不挖基坑直接整体下沉至设计深度，墙3包括钢筋笼3-1；预制装备1B包括模板装置4，预制墙3时，在待施工的沉框基础2的水平位置上方的地面上安装模板装置4，将钢筋笼3-1放置在模板装置4内，或先放置钢筋笼3-1再安装模板装置4，再浇筑混凝土；下沉装置1C包括链刀挖掘装置5和位于沉框基础2顶部的吊挂装置6，链刀挖掘装置5挖掘墙3底部的岩土，包括链刀5-1、顶架5-2和导轨5-3，链刀5-1包括链条5-1-1和安装在链条5-1-1上挖掘岩土的刀5-1-2，链条5-1-1在导轨5-3上运行，链刀5-1通过顶架5-2包络墙3；沉墙施工时，吊挂装置6吊挂顶架5-2和墙3，墙3底部的链刀5-1挖掘岩土，由下往上运行的链刀5-1将已挖掘的岩土输送至上方，沉框基础2随之下沉，下沉到位后，抽出链刀5-1，完成沉框基础2的施工。
需要说明的是：沉框基础2在高度方向既可以整体浇筑下沉，也可以分段浇筑下沉。
所述的模板装置4包括侧模板4-1、端模板4-2和底模板4-3，侧模板4-1、端模板4-2和底模板4-3分别位于墙3的两侧、两端和底部。
所述的钢筋笼3-1包括U型导轨3U，U型导轨3U是导轨5-3的组成部分，U型导轨3U位于墙3的底部和两侧，同时也是端模板4-2和底模板4-3为一体结构的端底模板4-23。
所述的沉框基础2包括笺基2-2，笺基2-2就是地下室1A的底板，笺基2-2是沉框基础2下沉至设计位置，挖去地下室1A内的岩土后再施工的。
需要说明的是：沉框基础2就是带有墙下条形基础1A1的笺基2-2。
所述的墙3在笺基2-2相连部位包括盒槽3-2，盒槽3-2内有部分钢筋笼3-1，包括盒盖3-2-1，墙3下沉到位后，去除盒盖3-2-1，将笺基2-2的钢筋笼四周与盒槽3-2 内的钢筋笼3-1焊接成整体后，再浇筑笺基2-2，使混凝土充满盒槽3-2的空间。
所述的预制装备1B包括支承板1B-1、底座1B-2和支撑杆1B-3，模板装置4的底部固定于底座1B-2上，支承板1B-1固定于地面，位于墙3的两侧，底座1B-2固定于支承板1B-1上，包括固定接口1B-2-1，支撑杆1B-3包括底端1B-3-1和顶端1B-3-2，底端1B-3-1与固定接口1B-2-1连接，顶端1B-3-2与模板装置4连接。
所述的吊挂装置6包括钢绞线液压升降千斤顶6A，钢绞线液压升降千斤顶6A采用穿芯式结构液压提升器作为升降机具，液压升降器两端的楔形锚具具有单向自锁作用，当锚具工作紧时，会自动锁紧钢绞线，锚具不工作松时，放开钢绞线，钢绞线可上下活动，若干钢绞线液压升降千斤顶6A是同步缓慢升降的，墙3是在悬挂状态下下沉的。由于其自身的巨大自重，难以产生偏移；墙3在进行沉墙施工时，是通过控制吊挂装置6的下降速度来满足不同的地质条件。
所述的地下室1A施工的主要步骤如下：
1)在施工现场1沉框基础2水平位置的上方，完成支承板1B-1和底座1B-2的安装；
2)将钢筋笼3-1搁在底座1B-2上，两侧模板4-1的底部与底座1B-2固连成一体；
3)将支撑杆1B-3的底端1B-3-1与固定接口1B-2-1连接，顶端1B-3-2与侧模板4-1连接；
4)浇筑混凝土，满设定的时间后，拆除侧模板4-1；
5)满养护期后，在墙3的顶部安装顶架5-2和吊挂装置6，吊挂装置6通过顶架5-2吊挂墙3；
6)抽走底座1B-2，完成链刀挖掘装置5的安装；
7)链刀5-1挖掘墙3底部的岩土，沉框基础2下沉到位后，抽出链刀5-1，完成墙3的施工；
8)挖掘沉框基础2内的岩土至设定深度，拆除盒盖3-2-1；
9)制作笺基2-2的钢筋笼，并使其四周与盒槽3-2内的钢筋笼3-1焊接成整体；
10)再浇筑笺基2-2；
11)继续后续施工，直至完成地下室1A的全部施工。
所述的地下室1A包括多层地下室。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“前”、“后”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制，本发明中，还需要说明的是，术语“安装”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体成型连接，也可以是机械连接，也可以是通过中间媒介间接连接，可以通过具体情况理解术语在本发明中的具体含义。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (9)

  1. 沉框基础及其地面预制装备和下沉装置，其特征是施工现场(1)包括地下室(1A)、移动式的预制装备(1B)和下沉装置(1C)，地下室(1A)包括沉框基础(2)，沉框基础(2)由若干沉墙基础(2-1)组成，沉墙基础(2-1)就是集地下室(1A)的墙下条形基础(1A1)、地下连续墙(1A2)和结构外墙(1A3)三墙合一的墙(3)，墙(3)通过预制装备(1B)在地面上完成浇筑，利用下沉装置(1C)不挖基坑直接整体下沉至设计深度，墙(3)包括钢筋笼(3-1)；预制装备(1B)包括模板装置(4)，预制墙(3)时，在待施工的沉框基础(2)的水平位置上方的地面上安装模板装置(4)，将钢筋笼(3-1)放置在模板装置(4)内，或先放置钢筋笼(3-1)再安装模板装置(4)，再浇筑混凝土；下沉装置(1C)包括链刀挖掘装置(5)和位于沉框基础(2)顶部的吊挂装置(6)，链刀挖掘装置(5)挖掘墙(3)底部的岩土，包括链刀(5-1)、顶架(5-2)和导轨(5-3)，链刀(5-1)包括链条(5-1-1)和安装在链条(5-1-1)上挖掘岩土的刀(5-1-2)，链条(5-1-1)在导轨(5-3)上运行，链刀(5-1)通过顶架(5-2)包络墙(3)；沉墙施工时，吊挂装置(6)吊挂顶架(5-2)和墙(3)，墙(3)底部的链刀(5-1)挖掘岩土，由下往上运行的链刀(5-1)将已挖掘的岩土输送至上方，沉框基础(2)随之下沉，下沉到位后，抽出链刀(5-1)，完成沉框基础(2)的施工。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的沉框基础及其地面预制装备和下沉装置，其特征是所述的模板装置(4)包括侧模板(4-1)、端模板(4-2)和底模板(4-3)，侧模板(4-1)、端模板(4-2)和底模板(4-3)分别位于墙(3)的两侧、两端和底部。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的沉框基础及其地面预制装备和下沉装置，其特征是所述的钢筋笼(3-1)包括U型导轨(3U)，U型导轨(3U)是导轨(5-3)的组成部分，U型导轨(3U)位于墙(3)的底部和两侧，同时也是端模板(4-2)和底模板(4-3)为一体结构的端底模板(4-23)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的沉框基础及其地面预制装备和下沉装置，其特征是所述的沉框基础(2)包括笺基(2-2)，笺基(2-2)就是地下室(1A)的底板，笺基(2-2)是沉框基础(2)下沉至设计位置，挖去地下室(1A)内的岩土后再施工的。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的沉框基础及其地面预制装备和下沉装置，其特征是所述的墙(3)在笺基(2-2)相连部位包括盒槽(3-2)，盒槽(3-2)内有部分钢筋笼(3-1)，包括盒盖(3-2-1)，墙(3)下沉到位后，去除盒盖(3-2-1)，将笺基(2-2)的钢筋笼四周与盒槽(3-2)内的钢筋笼(3-1)焊接成整体后，再浇筑笺基(2-2)，使混凝土充满盒槽(3-2)的空间。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的沉框基础及其地面预制装备和下沉装置，其特征是所述的预制装备(1B)包括支承板(1B-1)、底座(1B-2)和支撑杆(1B-3)，模板装置(4)的底部固定于底座(1B-2)上，支承板(1B-1)固定于地面，位于墙(3)的两侧，底座(1B-2)固定于支承板(1B-1)上，包括固定接口(1B-2-1)，支撑杆(1B-3)包括底端(1B-3-1)和顶端(1B-3-2)，底端(1B-3-1)与固定接口(1B-2-1)连接，顶端(1B-3-2)与模板装置(4)连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的沉框基础及其地面预制装备和下沉装置，其特征是所述的吊挂装置(6)包括钢绞线液压升降千斤顶(6A)，钢绞线液压升降千斤顶(6A)采用穿芯式结构液压提升器作为升降机具，液压升降器两端的楔形锚具具有单向自锁作用，当锚具工作(紧)时，会自动锁紧钢绞线，锚具不工作(松)时，放开钢绞线，钢绞线可上下活动，若干钢绞线液压升降千斤顶(6A)是同步缓慢升降的，墙(3)是在悬挂状态下下沉的。由于其自身的巨大自重，难以产生偏移；墙(3)在进行沉墙施工时，是通过控制吊挂装置(6)的下降速度来满足不同的地质条件。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的沉框基础及其地面预制装备和下沉装置，其特征是所述的地下室(1A)施工的主要步骤如下：
    1)在施工现场(1)沉框基础(2)水平位置的上方，完成支承板(1B-1)和底座(1B-2)的安装；
    2)将钢筋笼(3-1)搁在底座(1B-2)上，两侧模板(4-1)的底部与底座(1B-2)固连成一体；
    3)将支撑杆(1B-3)的底端(1B-3-1)与固定接口(1B-2-1)连接，顶端(1B-3-2)与侧模板(4-1)连接；
    4)浇筑混凝土，满设定的时间后，拆除侧模板(4-1)；
    5)满养护期后，在墙(3)的顶部安装顶架(5-2)和吊挂装置(6)，吊挂 装置(6)通过顶架(5-2)吊挂墙(3)；
    6)抽走底座(1B-2)，完成链刀挖掘装置(5)的安装；
    7)链刀(5-1)挖掘墙(3)底部的岩土，沉框基础(2)下沉到位后，抽出链刀(5-1)，完成墙(3)的施工；
    8)挖掘沉框基础(2)内的岩土至设定深度，拆除盒盖(3-2-1)；
    9)制作笺基(2-2)的钢筋笼，并使其四周与盒槽(3-2)内的钢筋笼(3-1)焊接成整体；
    10)再浇筑笺基(2-2)；
    11)继续后续施工，直至完成地下室(1A)的全部施工。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的沉框基础及其地面预制装备和下沉装置，其特征是所述的地下室(1A)包括多层地下室。
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