WO2023059073A1 - 저효율 양극을 포함하는 이차전지 - Google Patents
저효율 양극을 포함하는 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023059073A1 WO2023059073A1 PCT/KR2022/015010 KR2022015010W WO2023059073A1 WO 2023059073 A1 WO2023059073 A1 WO 2023059073A1 KR 2022015010 W KR2022015010 W KR 2022015010W WO 2023059073 A1 WO2023059073 A1 WO 2023059073A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- active material
- secondary battery
- positive electrode
- lithium
- negative electrode
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- SXAMGRAIZSSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1=NOC(=N1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 SXAMGRAIZSSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YJLUBHOZZTYQIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1=NN=C(O1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 YJLUBHOZZTYQIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229910008163 Li1+x Mn2-x O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a secondary battery including a low-efficiency cathode.
- a secondary battery is a representative example of an electrochemical device using such electrochemical energy, and its use area is gradually expanding.
- a lithium secondary battery is manufactured by impregnating an electrode assembly composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a porous separator with a lithium non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the basic performance characteristics of these lithium secondary batteries are greatly influenced by the anode material.
- the anode active material In order to maximize the performance of the battery, the anode active material must have an electrochemical reaction potential close to that of lithium metal, a high reaction reversibility with lithium ions, and a fast diffusion rate of lithium ions in the active material.
- Graphite is widely used as a material that meets these demands, and natural graphite has excellent adhesive strength and artificial graphite has excellent output characteristics and lifespan characteristics. Mixtures of graphite have been used.
- an anode active material such as Si-containing SiO
- an irreversible capacity is generated and a sacrificial cathode material is added to the cathode to compensate for the irreversible capacity.
- the sacrificial cathode material When the sacrificial cathode material is not used, a lower capacity than that of the existing cathode active material is implemented, and in order to match the capacity, the anode loading must be increased, which causes a price increase, and furthermore, the sacrificial cathode material In the case of using, there was a problem due to the high price of the sacrificial cathode material. In mixing the cathode active material and the sacrificial cathode material, uniform mixing was not achieved, resulting in inferior battery characteristics and storage characteristics due to the generation of lithium by-products from the sacrificial cathode material. There was also a problem that the amount of gas generated during the process increased, and as a result, the battery performance deteriorated.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art and the technical problems that have been requested from the past.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a secondary battery in which the amount of gas generated during high-temperature storage is significantly reduced while having the same level of capacity and lifespan characteristics as those of the case including the sacrificial cathode material without using a separate sacrificial cathode material. .
- a secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode,
- the positive electrode has a positive electrode mixture layer formed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector,
- the positive electrode mixture layer includes a positive electrode active material
- the cathode active material includes a lithium transition metal oxide doped with a dopant and having a molar ratio of Ni of 88% or more based on the total moles of transition metals excluding Li,
- the negative electrode has a negative electrode mixture layer formed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector,
- the negative electrode mixture layer includes a negative electrode active material
- the negative electrode active material includes a silicon-based active material
- the positive electrode provides a secondary battery having a ratio (initial efficiency) of an initial charge capacity to an initial discharge capacity of 85% to 89% in a battery using lithium as a counter electrode.
- the lithium transition metal oxide may be doped with a dopant of 4000 to 5000 ppm based on the total weight of the lithium transition metal oxide, and the dopant may be Zr.
- the lithium transition metal oxide may be represented by Formula 1 below.
- M is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ti, Mg, Al, and Pt;
- A is an oxygen-substituted halogen
- lithium transition metal oxide may be represented by Formula 2 below.
- A is an oxygen-substituted halogen
- a may be 0.90 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.
- the lithium transition metal oxide may be a single particle.
- the lithium transition metal oxide may have an average diameter (D50) of 1 to 5 ⁇ m or an average diameter (D50) of 10 to 20 ⁇ m.
- such a positive electrode may have a ratio (initial efficiency) of 86% to 87% of an initial charge capacity to an initial discharge capacity in a battery using lithium as a counter electrode.
- the anode active material of the anode may be a mixture of a silicon-based active material and a carbon-based active material.
- the silicon-based active material may be included in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material.
- Such an anode may have a ratio (initial efficiency) of an initial charge capacity to an initial discharge capacity of a battery using lithium as a counter electrode of 85% to 89%, and more specifically, 86% to 87%.
- the positive electrode mixture layer further includes a conductive material
- the conductive material may be composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) having an impurity content of 300 ppm to 5000 ppm. The content of may be 3000ppm to 4000ppm.
- a secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode,
- the positive electrode has a positive electrode mixture layer formed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector,
- the positive electrode mixture layer includes a positive electrode active material
- the cathode active material includes a lithium transition metal oxide doped with a dopant and having a molar ratio of Ni of 88% or more based on the total moles of transition metals excluding Li,
- the negative electrode has a negative electrode mixture layer formed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector,
- the negative electrode mixture layer includes a negative electrode active material
- the negative electrode active material includes a silicon-based active material
- the positive electrode provides a secondary battery having a ratio (initial efficiency) of an initial charge capacity to an initial discharge capacity of 85% to 89% in a battery using lithium as a counter electrode.
- an irreversible capacity of the anode is generated by about 3 to 4%, resulting in an initial efficiency of about 87%.
- a separate sacrificial cathode material such as Li 2 NiO 2 was used to compensate for the irreversible capacity due to a difference in irreversible capacity compared to the case of using a conventional lithium transition metal oxide as a cathode active material and to adjust the irreversible capacity.
- the initial efficiency of the positive electrode also includes a positive electrode active material that is 85% to 89%
- mixing uniformity can be improved by using one type of material because it does not include a sacrificial positive electrode material, and high temperature storage It also has the effect of reducing gas generation.
- the lithium transition metal oxide as the cathode active material of the present invention may be doped with a dopant of 4000 to 5000 ppm based on the total weight of the lithium transition metal oxide, and the dopant may be Zr.
- the dopant acts as a resistance to generate irreversible lithium, which is not preferable because lifespan characteristics are deteriorated.
- the content of the dopant may be 4300 to 4700 ppm based on the total weight of the lithium transition metal oxide.
- the doping is a concept different from substitution, and does not substitute a part of the transition metal crystal lattice, but is located between the crystal lattices, stabilizing the anode structure and increasing the electrical conductivity and ionic conductivity during charging and discharging. life characteristics are improved.
- the dopant is not represented by the following Chemical Formula, and the lithium transition metal oxide may be represented by Chemical Formula 1 below.
- M is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ti, Mg, Al, and Pt;
- A is an oxygen-substituted halogen
- lithium transition metal oxide may be represented by Formula 2 below.
- A is an oxygen-substituted halogen
- the a may be, in detail, 0.90 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.
- the dopant is not represented in Chemical Formula 1, and is separately included in an amount of 4000 to 5000 ppm based on the total weight of the transition metal oxide.
- the lithium transition metal oxide included as a positive electrode active material according to the present invention should contain 88 mol% or more of Ni based on transition metals, specifically 90 mol% or more, more specifically, 92% to 95 may be %.
- the initial efficiency similar to that of the negative electrode is most preferred in terms of capacity and lifetime characteristics.
- it is an active material that can perform a role similar to that of a mixture of sacrificial cathode materials.
- the lithium transition metal oxide may be a single particle.
- the single particle means a state in which primary particles are individually present or aggregated to less than 10.
- the single-particle lithium transition metal oxide is more preferable because it is possible to increase the loading due to less particle breakage during rolling after coating the cathode active material, and to improve the lifespan or output by minimizing the resistance of the particles during life evaluation.
- the lithium transition metal oxide may be used in a unimodal form in the positive electrode mixture layer, or may be mixed and used in a bimodal form, but is not limited thereto. can be improved, and performance is improved by maximizing the contact between the cathode active material and the electrolyte, so it can be mixed and used in a bimodal form.
- the lithium transition metal oxide may have an average diameter (D50) of 1 to 7 ⁇ m or an average diameter (D50) of 10 to 20 ⁇ m. That is, in the case of a unimodal form, only lithium transition metal oxide having an average diameter (D50) of 1 to 7 ⁇ m may be used, or only lithium transition metal oxide having an average diameter (D50) of 10 to 20 ⁇ m may be used. In the case of the modal form, the large particles having an average diameter (D50) of 10 to 20 ⁇ m and the small particles having an average diameter (D50) of 1 to 7 ⁇ m may be mixed and used.
- the “average diameter D50” means the particle diameter at the 50% point of the particle volume cumulative distribution according to the particle diameter.
- the D50 can be measured using a laser diffraction method. Specifically, after dispersing the powder to be measured in a dispersion medium, it is introduced into a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring device (e.g. Microtrac S3500) to measure the difference in diffraction pattern according to the particle size when the particles pass through the laser beam to distribute the particle size. yields The 50% D50 of the particle volume cumulative distribution according to the particle size in the measuring device can be measured.
- a laser diffraction particle size measuring device e.g. Microtrac S3500
- the positive electrode including such a low-efficiency positive electrode active material has a ratio (initial efficiency) of the initial charge capacity to the initial discharge capacity in a battery using lithium as a counter electrode (initial efficiency) of 85% to 89%, specifically 86% to 87%, and more Specifically, it may be 87%.
- the initial efficiency is the ratio of the initial discharge capacity to the initial charge capacity when a half-coin cell is manufactured using a carbonate-based electrolyte with the cathode and lithium metal as counter electrodes, and charging and discharging are performed at 0.2 C at 4.2 V to 2.5 V means
- the positive electrode since the positive electrode exhibits lower efficiency than the positive electrode active material used in the past, when using a negative electrode containing a silicon-based active material, it is more preferable in terms of capacity and lifespan characteristics, and when using a sacrificial positive electrode material. It can have equivalent level of capacity and lifetime characteristics.
- it since it does not contain a separate excess lithium material like the conventional sacrificial cathode material, there is an effect of reducing gas generation during high-temperature storage due to the generation of lithium by-products.
- the lithium transition metal oxide may be included in an amount of 80 wt% to 100 wt% based on the total weight of the cathode active material, and may be 100 wt% in detail.
- a negative electrode suitable for use with such a positive electrode may include a silicon-based active material as a negative electrode active material, and in detail, may be a mixture of a silicon-based active material and a carbon-based active material, wherein the silicon-based active material is based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material, It may be included in 1 to 10% by weight, specifically 5 to 10% by weight.
- the negative electrode having such a configuration may also have a ratio of initial discharge capacity to initial charge capacity (initial efficiency) of 85% to 89% in a battery using lithium as a counter electrode.
- the ratio (initial efficiency) of the initial discharge capacity to the initial charge capacity in the battery with the counter electrode may be 86% to 87%.
- the initial efficiency is also the same as described for the anode.
- lithium is used as the negative electrode and the counter electrode.
- a conductive material and a binder may be further included in each of the positive electrode mixture layer and the negative electrode mixture layer.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery, and examples include graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; carbon black such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and summer black; conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers; metal powders such as carbon fluoride, aluminum, and nickel powder; conductive whiskeys such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- carbon fiber it may be a carbon nanotube.
- the carbon nanotubes may be single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).
- MWCNTs multi-walled carbon nanotubes
- the inventors of the present application can exhibit both metallic and semiconducting properties at the same time, and have a small number of carbon nanotubes in the form of nano-rods, but use carbon nanotubes with a relatively long length.
- the use of single-walled carbon nanotubes exhibiting excellent conductivity between active materials was considered, but the single-walled carbon nanotubes contained a high Fe impurity of about 70000 ppm and had a problem.
- single-walled carbon nanotubes with reduced impurity content can be used as the conductive material, particularly for the anode.
- the conductive material may be a single-walled carbon nanotube having an impurity content of 300 ppm to 5000 ppm, and most specifically, an impurity content of 3000 ppm to 4000 ppm. More specifically, it may be 3000 ppm to 3500 ppm.
- the content of the impurities can be measured using inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Specifically, 1 g of single-walled carbon nanotubes is dissolved in hydrochloric acid (HCl) and diluted 100 times in distilled water (DI water). Therefore, it can be measured with a solution filtered using a filter made of Teflon (PTFE).
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- the single-walled carbon nanotubes in which the content of impurities is reduced may be obtained by performing a demetallization process.
- single-walled carbon nanotubes e.g., OCSiAL, SWCNT
- HCl hydrochloric acid
- DI water distilled water
- the diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotubes may be 0.5 nm to 10 nm, and specifically 0.5 nm to 5 nm.
- the length of the single-walled carbon nanotubes is not particularly limited, but the length of the single-walled carbon nanotubes may be 5 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, specifically 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the diameter and length can be measured by AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy).
- the aspect ratio (length/diameter) of the single-walled carbon nanotubes which is defined as the ratio of the diameter and the length of the single-walled carbon nanotubes, may be 100 to 30,000, and specifically 200 to 20,000.
- the single-walled carbon nanotubes may generally have a form in which a plurality of these single-walled carbon nanotubes are bundled, and may have a secondary shape in which a plurality of single-walled carbon nanotubes are aggregated in an entangled or bundled form depending on the shape, but in detail, a bundle It can have a secondary shape assembled into a shape.
- the 'bundle type' refers to a secondary shape in the form of a bundle or rope in which a plurality of CNTs are arranged side by side or spirally twisted, unless otherwise specified.
- 'Entangled type' means a form in which a plurality of CNTs are not limited to a specific orientation and are entangled.
- the shape may be prepared by varying the temperature in order to produce the desired shape of the carbon nanotube.
- the carbon nanotubes of the entangled structure have a lumpy structure and are similar to the intermediate shape of the point-like conductive material and the carbon nanotubes of the bundled structure, it is disadvantageous to form a network structure, whereas the bundled structure has a predetermined number of carbon atoms. Since the strands exist apart from each other by a distance, it is easier to transfer electrons, so it is more preferable to have a bundled structure when it is necessary to secure conductivity according to the present invention.
- the specific surface area of the single-walled carbon nanotubes having such a secondary shape may be 100 to 3,000, specifically 500 to 1,000.
- This specific surface area represents the BET specific surface area, which is measured by the BET method, and can be specifically calculated from the nitrogen gas adsorption amount under the liquid nitrogen temperature (77K) using BEL Japan's BELSORP-mino II. there is.
- Such a conductive material may be included in each of the positive electrode mixture layer and the negative electrode mixture layer in an amount of 0.1 to 30% by weight, specifically 0.1 to 10% by weight, and more specifically 0.5 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of each of them.
- a conductive material when using carbon nanotubes with reduced impurities, it can be reduced to 0.05 to 0.2% by weight.
- binder examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, and carboxymethylcellulose.
- Woods (CMC) starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated-EPDM , styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, or various copolymers thereof.
- the binder may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 30% by weight, specifically 0.1 to 10% by weight, and more specifically 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of each of the positive electrode mixture layer and the negative electrode mixture layer.
- MWCNT Multi-walled carbon nanotube, LG CHEM Co., MWCNT
- a quartz tube reactor raising the temperature to 900 ° C. under vacuum, reaching the target temperature, gaseous chlorine gas (Cl 2 ) was supplied into the reactor for 15 minutes to perform a chlorination process. Thereafter, the temperature in the reactor was raised to 1200° C., and nitrogen gas was injected to remove metal chlorides in the carbon nanotubes.
- MWCNTs conductive material 1 having an impurity content of 20 ppm were prepared.
- LiNi 0.93 Co 0.02 Mn 0.03 Al 0.02 O 2 (average diameter D50: 12 ⁇ m and average diameter D50: 5 ⁇ m active materials mixed at a volume ratio of 8:2) as a cathode active material, conductive material 1 (MWCNT) as a conductive material, and A composition for forming an anode was prepared by mixing PVdF as a binder at a weight ratio of 98:0.8:1.2 in an N-methylpyrrolidone solvent, and the composition was applied to a 15 ⁇ m-thick aluminum current collector at a loading amount of 20 mg/cm 2 . Thus, an anode was prepared. At this time, the positive electrode had a ratio of initial discharge capacity to initial charge capacity (initial efficiency) of 90% in a battery using lithium as a counter electrode.
- anode active material As an anode active material, a mixture of graphite:SiO in a ratio of 95:5 by weight was used, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) as a binder, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as a thickener, and carbon black as a conductive material.
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- CMC sodium carboxymethylcellulose
- carbon black as a conductive material.
- a composition for forming a negative electrode was prepared by adding it to water as a solvent, and the composition was applied to a 10 ⁇ m copper current collector at a loading amount of 10 mg/cm 2 to prepare a negative electrode.
- the negative electrode had a ratio of initial discharge capacity to initial charge capacity (initial efficiency) of 87% in a battery using lithium as a counter electrode.
- a secondary battery was prepared by injecting an electrolyte solution containing solvents mixed at a volume ratio of 10:70 and 1 M of 1.3M LiPF 6 in the total amount of the electrolyte solution.
- the secondary battery manufactured in the reference example was subjected to CC/CV charging and CC discharging once at 0.2C in the range of 4.2V-2.5V to measure the capacity thereof, and the results are shown in FIG. 1 below.
- LiOH and Ni 0.93 Co 0.02 Mn 0.03 Al 0.02 (OH) 2 precursor were mixed so that the molar ratio of Li: (NiCoMnAl) was 1.05: 1, and then 4500 ppm of ZrO 2 was additionally mixed to prepare a mixed material.
- the mixed material was put in an alumina crucible and fired at 900° C. for 15 hours in an oxygen (O 2 ) atmosphere to prepare a positive electrode active material having an average diameter D50 of 12 ⁇ m.
- LiOH and Ni 0.93 Co 0.02 Mn 0.03 Al 0.02 (OH) 2 precursor were mixed so that the molar ratio of Li: (NiCoMnAl) was 1.05: 1, and then 4500 ppm of ZrO 2 was additionally mixed to prepare a mixed material.
- the mixed materials were placed in an alumina crucible and fired at 700° C. for 15 hours in an oxygen (O 2 ) atmosphere to prepare a positive electrode active material having an average diameter D50 of 5 ⁇ m.
- the lithium transition metal oxide is made of single particles.
- a secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in the Reference Example, except that the positive electrode active materials prepared in Preparation Examples 2 and 3 were mixed at a volume ratio of 8:2. At this time, the ratio (initial efficiency) of the initial charge capacity to the initial discharge capacity of the battery using lithium as a counter electrode (initial efficiency) was 87%.
- LiNi 0.93 Co 0.02 Mn 0.03 Al 0.02 O 2 doped with 4000 ppm of Zr based on the total weight was prepared (only the amount of ZrO 2 was adjusted in Preparation Examples 2 and 3) and mixed (average diameter D50: 12 ⁇ m).
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in the Reference Example, except that the active material and the active material having an average diameter D50: 5 ⁇ m were mixed at a volume ratio of 8:2. At this time, the positive electrode had a ratio of initial discharge capacity to initial charge capacity (initial efficiency) of 88% in a battery using lithium as a counter electrode.
- LiNi 0.93 Co 0.02 Mn 0.03 Al 0.02 O 2 doped with 5000 ppm of Zr based on the total weight was prepared (only the amount of ZrO 2 was adjusted in Preparation Examples 2 and 3) and mixed (average diameter D50: 12 ⁇ m).
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in the Reference Example, except that the active material and the active material having an average diameter D50: 5 ⁇ m were mixed at a volume ratio of 8:2. At this time, the ratio (initial efficiency) of the initial charge capacity to the initial discharge capacity of the battery using lithium as a counter electrode (initial efficiency) was 86%.
- LiNi 0.93 Co 0.02 Mn 0.03 Al 0.02 O 2 doped with 3000 ppm of Zr based on the total weight was prepared (only the amount of ZrO 2 was adjusted in Preparation Examples 2 and 3) and mixed (average diameter D50: 12 ⁇ m).
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in the Reference Example, except that the active material and the active material having an average diameter D50: 5 ⁇ m were mixed at a volume ratio of 8:2. At this time, the positive electrode had a ratio of initial discharge capacity to initial charge capacity (initial efficiency) of 88% in a battery using lithium as a counter electrode.
- LiNi 0.93 Co 0.02 Mn 0.03 Al 0.02 O 2 doped with 6000 ppm of Zr based on the total weight was prepared (only the amount of ZrO 2 was adjusted in Preparation Examples 2 and 3) and mixed (average diameter D50: 12 ⁇ m).
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in the Reference Example, except that the active material and the active material having an average diameter D50: 5 ⁇ m were mixed at a volume ratio of 8:2. At this time, the positive electrode had a ratio of initial discharge capacity to initial charge capacity (initial efficiency) of 85% in a battery using lithium as a counter electrode.
- LiNi 0.88 Co 0.07 Mn 0.04 Al 0.01 O 2 doped with 1500 ppm of Zr based on the total weight was prepared (precursors in which the ratios of Ni, Co, and Mn were adjusted in Preparation Examples 2 and 3 were used, the amount of ZrO 2
- a secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in the reference example, except that the active material having an average diameter D50: 12 ⁇ m and the active material having an average diameter D50: 5 ⁇ m were mixed at a volume ratio of 8:2.
- the positive electrode had a ratio of initial discharge capacity to initial charge capacity (initial efficiency) of 85% in a battery using lithium as a counter electrode.
- SWCNT Single-walled carbon nanotube, OCSiAl Co., SWCNT
- SWCNT single-walled carbon nanotube, OCSiAl Co.
- HCl hydrochloric acid
- DI water distilled water
- SWCNTs conductive material 2 having an impurity content of 3200 ppm.
- the content of impurities was measured by the ICP measurement method. Specifically, 1 g of single-walled carbon nanotubes was dissolved in hydrochloric acid (HCl), diluted 100 times in distilled water (DI water), and filtered using a filter made of Teflon (PTFE). measured in solution.
- HCl hydrochloric acid
- DI water distilled water
- PTFE Teflon
- SWCNT Single-walled carbon nanotube, OCSiAl, SWCNT
- HCl hydrochloric acid
- DI water distilled water
- SWCNT Single-walled carbon nanotube, OCSiAl Co., SWCNT
- SWCNT single-walled carbon nanotube, OCSiAl Co.
- HCl hydrochloric acid
- DI water distilled water
- SWCNTs conductive material 4 having an impurity content of 10000 ppm.
- the positive electrode active materials prepared in Preparation Examples 2 and 3 were mixed and used at a volume ratio of 8:2, and as a conductive material, the conductive material 2 of Preparation Example 4 was used instead of the conductive material 1, except that the conductive material 1 was used in the same manner as in the reference example.
- a secondary battery was manufactured. At this time, the ratio (initial efficiency) of the initial charge capacity to the initial discharge capacity of the battery using lithium as a counter electrode (initial efficiency) was 86%.
- the positive electrode active materials prepared in Preparation Examples 2 and 3 were mixed and used at a volume ratio of 8:2, and as a conductive material, the conductive material 3 of Preparation Example 5 was used instead of the conductive material 1, except that the conductive material 1 was used in the same manner as in the reference example.
- a secondary battery was manufactured. At this time, the positive electrode had a ratio of initial discharge capacity to initial charge capacity (initial efficiency) of 85% in a battery using lithium as a counter electrode.
- the cathode active materials prepared in Preparation Examples 2 and 3 were mixed and used at a volume ratio of 8:2, and the conductive material 4 of Preparation Example 6 was used instead of the conductive material 1 as the conductive material.
- a secondary battery was manufactured. At this time, the ratio (initial efficiency) of the initial charge capacity to the initial discharge capacity of the battery using lithium as a counter electrode (initial efficiency) was 86%.
- the positive electrode active materials prepared in Preparation Examples 2 and 3 were mixed at a volume ratio of 8:2, and the positive electrode active material: conductive material: binder was mixed at a weight ratio of 97.6: 1.2: 1.2.
- a secondary battery was prepared accordingly.
- the positive electrode had a ratio of initial discharge capacity to initial charge capacity (initial efficiency) of 88% in a battery using lithium as a counter electrode.
- LiNi 0.88 Co 0.07 Mn 0.04 Al 0.01 O 2 (average diameter D50: 10 ⁇ m and average diameter D50: 5 ⁇ m active material mixed at a volume ratio of 8:2, no Zr doping) as a cathode active material, Li 2 as a sacrificial cathode material
- NiO 2 is mixed in a weight ratio of 95:5
- Conductive material 1 (MWCNT) as a conductive material and PVdF as a binder are mixed in an N-methylpyrrolidone solvent in a weight ratio of 98:0.8:1.2 to form a cathode.
- a secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 except that the composition for formation was prepared. At this time, the positive electrode had a ratio of initial discharge capacity to initial charge capacity (initial efficiency) of 91% in a battery using lithium as a counter electrode.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in the reference example except for the above.
- the positive electrode had a ratio of initial discharge capacity to initial charge capacity (initial efficiency) of 90% in a battery using lithium as a counter electrode.
- LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 doped with 4500 ppm of Zr (only the composition ratio of Ni, Co, and Mn of the precursor was adjusted in Preparation Examples 2 and 3) was mixed and used (average diameter D50: 12 ⁇ m active material and average
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in the reference example, except that active materials having a diameter of D50: 5 ⁇ m were mixed at a volume ratio of 8:2.
- the positive electrode had a ratio of initial discharge capacity to initial charge capacity (initial efficiency) of 91% in a battery using lithium as a counter electrode.
- MWCNTs and SWCNTs prepared in Preparation Examples 1 and 4 were mixed with the cathode active material prepared in Preparation Example 2, respectively, and the results were taken by SEM and shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- the secondary batteries prepared in Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were CC/CV charged at 4.2V-2.85V at 0.3C at room temperature, CC discharged at 0.5C, and 200 cycles were performed to obtain life characteristics. It was evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
- the first discharge energy was set as 100%, and the decrease rate of the discharge energy according to the cycle was shown.
- Examples 1 to 9 according to the present invention exhibit better lifespan characteristics than Comparative Example 1 using the sacrificial cathode material. Even in the case of Example 4 with a small Zr doping amount, the lifetime characteristics were not greatly reduced, but the irreversible capacitance compensation was not sufficient, so it can be seen that the lifetime characteristics are somewhat lowered compared to Examples 1 to 3. In addition, in the case of Example 5, in which the doping amount of Zr is too large, it can be confirmed that the lifespan characteristic is rather decreased by a certain amount by acting as resistance.
- Example 7 to 8 using SWCNTs with reduced impurity content exhibited more excellent lifespan characteristics, and compared to Example 10 in which the content of the conductive material was increased, even more excellent lifespan characteristics. exert However, it can be seen that Example 9 using SWCNTs having a high impurity content has lowered lifetime characteristics due to the influence of impurities compared to Example 1.
- the secondary batteries prepared in Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Example 3 were CC/CV charged at 4.2V 0.3C to analyze the amount of gas directly in the SOC 100% state, and the cells charged in the SOC 100% state were 72 degrees. Stored in a high-temperature chamber, and after 4 weeks, the gas generation amount ( ⁇ l) was analyzed through gas analysis, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.
- the gas amount analysis was performed with a Binary Gas Analyzer (BGA-08) device and proceeded according to the analysis method of AMT-5535-0k.
- the amount of gas in the result below is a value calculated based on 25 degrees and 1 atm.
- Example 1 H2 CO CO CO2 CH4 C2H2 C2H4 C2H6 C3H6 C3H8 Total amount ( ⁇ L) gas increase
- Example 1 1 charge 8 88 17 1400 ⁇ 5 6 31 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 5 1550 340% 4 weeks later ⁇ 5 362 1180 3590 ⁇ 5 26 99 ⁇ 5 8 5265
- Example 2 1 charge ⁇ 5 76 10 1345 ⁇ 5 4 32 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 5 1467 316% 4 weeks later ⁇ 5 320 935 3260 ⁇ 5 24 87 ⁇ 5 5 4631
- Example 3 1 charge 7 84 12 1463 ⁇ 5 8 35 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 5 1609 369% 4 weeks later 4 452 1237 4102 ⁇ 5 26 110 ⁇ 5 9 5940
- Example 4 1 charge ⁇ 5 50 4 1123 ⁇ 5 One 27 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 5 1205 325% 4 weeks later ⁇ 5 260 689 2860 ⁇ 5 15 79 ⁇ 5 8 3911
- Example 5 1 charge ⁇ 5 87 19
- the secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a low-efficiency positive electrode active material similar to that of the negative electrode, so that a separate sacrificial positive electrode material is not required, so that the amount of gas generated during high temperature storage is significantly reduced, while the sacrificial positive electrode There is an effect that can have the same level of capacity and lifespan characteristics as those containing ashes.
- the positive electrode of the present application includes single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) having a low impurity content as a conductive material, excellent conductivity can be secured even when the cycle proceeds. , there is an effect of improving the lifespan characteristics of a secondary battery including the same.
- SWCNTs single-walled carbon nanotubes
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Abstract
Description
수명 특성 (200th, %) | |
실시예 1 | 94.7 |
실시예 2 | 95.1 |
실시예 3 | 94.3 |
실시예 4 | 93.1 |
실시예 5 | 91.5 |
실시예 6 | 94.1 |
실시예 7 | 94.9 |
실시예 8 | 95.2 |
실시예 9 | 94.1 |
실시예 10 | 93.9 |
비교예 1 | 89.1 |
비교예 2 | 91.2 |
비교예 3 | <70 |
H2 | CO | CO2 | CH4 | C2H2 | C2H4 | C2H6 | C3H6 | C3H8 | 총량(μL) | 가스증가량 | ||
실시예 1 | 1회충전 | 8 | 88 | 17 | 1400 | <5 | 6 | 31 | <5 | <5 | 1550 | 340% |
4주 후 | <5 | 362 | 1180 | 3590 | <5 | 26 | 99 | <5 | 8 | 5265 | ||
실시예 2 | 1회충전 | <5 | 76 | 10 | 1345 | <5 | 4 | 32 | <5 | <5 | 1467 | 316% |
4주 후 | <5 | 320 | 935 | 3260 | <5 | 24 | 87 | <5 | 5 | 4631 | ||
실시예 3 | 1회충전 | 7 | 84 | 12 | 1463 | <5 | 8 | 35 | <5 | <5 | 1609 | 369% |
4주 후 | 4 | 452 | 1237 | 4102 | <5 | 26 | 110 | <5 | 9 | 5940 | ||
실시예 4 | 1회충전 | <5 | 50 | 4 | 1123 | <5 | 1 | 27 | <5 | <5 | 1205 | 325% |
4주 후 | <5 | 260 | 689 | 2860 | <5 | 15 | 79 | <5 | 8 | 3911 | ||
실시예 5 | 1회충전 | <5 | 87 | 19 | 1501 | <5 | 6 | 36 | <5 | <5 | 1649 | 377% |
4주 후 | 3 | 486 | 1320 | 4239 | <5 | 28 | 134 | <5 | 9 | 6219 | ||
실시예 6 | 1회충전 | <5 | 88 | <5 | 1450 | <5 | 6 | 30 | <5 | 6 | 1580 | 436% |
4주 후 | <5 | 380 | 2450 | 3874 | <5 | 26 | 152 | <5 | 11 | 6893 | ||
실시예 7 | 1회충전 | <5 | 83 | <5 | 1322 | <5 | <5 | 44 | <5 | <5 | 1449 | 449% |
4주 후 | <5 | 365 | 1984 | 3985 | <5 | 26 | 139 | <5 | 11 | 6510 | ||
실시예 8 | 1회충전 | <5 | 81 | <5 | 1456 | <5 | 3 | 35 | <5 | <5 | 1575 | 432% |
4주 후 | <5 | 320 | 2841 | 3456 | <5 | 22 | 156 | <5 | 5 | 6800 | ||
실시예 9 | 1회충전 | <5 | 86 | <5 | 1203 | <5 | 4 | 21 | <5 | <5 | 1314 | 502% |
4주 후 | <5 | 607 | 2340 | 3485 | <5 | 25 | 133 | <5 | 6 | 6596 | ||
실시예 10 | 1회충전 | <5 | 84 | <5 | 1463 | <5 | 6 | 35 | <5 | <5 | 1588 | 427% |
4주 후 | <5 | 430 | 2953 | 3222 | <5 | 29 | 128 | <5 | 12 | 6774 | ||
비교예 1 | 1회충전 | <5 | 26 | <5 | 1570 | <5 | <5 | 32 | <5 | <5 | 1628 | 599% |
4주 후 | <5 | 607 | 3860 | 5070 | <5 | 30 | 166 | <5 | 11 | 9744 | ||
비교예 2 | 1회충전 | <5 | 46 | <5 | 1265 | <5 | <5 | 26 | <5 | <5 | 1337 | 551% |
4주 후 | <5 | 423 | 2130 | 4652 | <5 | 28 | 123 | <5 | 10 | 7366 | ||
비교예 3 | 1회충전 | <5 | 15 | 4 | 1305 | <5 | <5 | 24 | <5 | <5 | 1348 | 490% |
4주 후 | <5 | 502 | 2421 | 3569 | 30 | 21 | 50 | <5 | 10 | 6603 |
Claims (15)
- 양극, 음극 및 상기 양극과 상기 음극 사이에 개재되는 분리막을 포함하는 이차전지로서,상기 양극은 양극 집전체의 적어도 일면에 양극 합제층이 형성되어 있고,상기 양극 합제층은 양극 활물질을 포함하며,상기 양극 활물질은 도펀트가 도핑되어 있고 Ni의 몰비가 Li을 제외한 전이금속 전체 총 몰 기준으로 88% 이상인 리튬 전이금속 산화물을 포함하며,상기 음극은 음극 집전체의 적어도 일면에 음극 합제층이 형성되어 있고,상기 음극 합제층은 음극 활물질을 포함하며,상기 음극 활물질은 실리콘계 활물질을 포함하고,상기 양극은 리튬을 대극으로 한 전지에서의 초기 충전 용량 대비 초기 방전 용량의 비율(초기 효율)이 85% 내지 89%인 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 리튬 전이금속 산화물은 상기 리튬 전이금속 산화물의 전체 중량을 기준으로 4000 내지 5000ppm의 함량의 도펀트가 도핑되어 있는 이차전지.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 도펀트는 Zr인 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 리튬 전이금속 산화물은 하기 화학식 1로 표현되는 것인 이차전지:Li1+xNiaCobMncM1-(a+b+c)O2-yAy (1)상기 식에서,M은 Cu, Ti, Mg, Al, 및 Pt로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 적어도 1종이고,A는 산소 치환형 할로겐이며,0≤x≤0.5, 0.88≤a<1, 0≤b≤0.2, 0≤c≤0.2, 0.9≤a+b+c≤1, 및 0≤y≤0.001이다.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 리튬 전이금속 산화물은 하기 화학식 2로 표현되는 이차전지:Li1+xNiaCobMncAl1-(a+b+c)O2-yAy (2)상기 식에서,A는 산소 치환형 할로겐이며,0≤x≤0.5, 0.88≤a<1, 0≤b≤0.15, 0≤c≤0.15, 0.9≤a+b+c≤1, 및 0≤y≤0.001이다.
- 제4항 또는 제5항에 있어서,상기 a는 0.90≤a<1인 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 리튬 전이금속 산화물은 단입자인 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 리튬 전이금속 산화물은 1 내지 5㎛ 의 평균 직경(D50) 또는 10 내지 20㎛의 평균 직경(D50)을 가지는 것인 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 양극은 리튬을 대극으로 한 전지에서의 초기 충전 용량 대비 초기 방전 용량의 비율(초기 효율)이 86% 내지 87%인 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질은 실리콘계 활물질 및 카본계 활물질의 혼합물인 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 실리콘계 활물질은 음극 활물질 전체 중량을 기준으로 1 내지 10중량%로 포함되어 있는 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극은 리튬을 대극으로 한 전지에서의 초기 충전 용량 대비 초기 방전 용량의 비율(초기 효율)이 85% 내지 89%인 이차전지.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 음극은 리튬을 대극으로 한 전지에서의 초기 충전 용량 대비 초기 방전 용량의 비율(초기 효율)이 86% 내지 87%인 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 양극 합제층은 도전재를 더 포함하고, 상기 도전재는 불순물의 함량이 300ppm 내지 5000ppm인 단일벽 탄소나노튜브(SWCNT, Single-walled Carbon nanotube)로 구성된 이차전지.
- 제14항에 있어서,상기 도전재는 불순물의 함량이 3000ppm 내지 4000ppm인 이차전지.
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KR20180084727A (ko) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-07-25 | 주식회사 포스코 | 양극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
KR20190046425A (ko) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-05-07 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 그 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20190078498A (ko) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-07-04 | 주식회사 포스코 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
WO2021067127A1 (en) * | 2019-10-04 | 2021-04-08 | Yazaki Corporation | High purity swcnt additive for performance enhancement in lithium ion battery |
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KR20160073178A (ko) * | 2014-12-16 | 2016-06-24 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지 |
KR20180084727A (ko) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-07-25 | 주식회사 포스코 | 양극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
KR20190046425A (ko) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-05-07 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 그 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20190078498A (ko) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-07-04 | 주식회사 포스코 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
WO2021067127A1 (en) * | 2019-10-04 | 2021-04-08 | Yazaki Corporation | High purity swcnt additive for performance enhancement in lithium ion battery |
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