WO2023054415A1 - 熱電変換素子及び熱電変換素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
熱電変換素子及び熱電変換素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10N15/00—Thermoelectric devices without a junction of dissimilar materials; Thermomagnetic devices, e.g. using the Nernst-Ettingshausen effect
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one galvanomagnetic or Hall-effect element covered by groups H10N50/00 - H10N52/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermoelectric conversion element and a method for manufacturing a thermoelectric conversion element.
- thermoelectric conversion using the anomalous Nernst effect or the spin Seebeck effect are known.
- Patent Document 1 describes a thermoelectric power generation device that utilizes the anomalous Nernst effect.
- the anomalous Nernst effect is a phenomenon in which a voltage is generated in a direction orthogonal to both the magnetization direction and the temperature gradient when a heat flow is applied to a magnetic material and a temperature difference is generated.
- thermoelectric power generation device has a substrate, a power generation body, and a connection body.
- the power generating body consists of a plurality of thin wires arranged parallel to each other along the surface of the substrate, each thin wire is formed by thinning an FePt thin film, and each thin wire is magnetized in its width direction.
- the connector consists of a plurality of thin wires arranged parallel to and between the thin wires of the power generator along the surface of the substrate.
- the connector is made of, for example, non-magnetic Cr.
- Each thin wire of the connector electrically connects one end of each thin wire of the power generating body and the other end of the adjacent thin wire on one side of each thin wire.
- the connection body electrically connects each thin wire of the power generation body in series.
- Patent Document 2 describes a thermoelectric conversion element that utilizes the spin Seebeck effect.
- This thermoelectric conversion element includes a substrate, a magnetic layer, a conductive film, a pair of terminal portions, and a pair of external connection wirings.
- a material for the magnetic layer for example, an oxide such as yttrium iron garnet (YIG) is used.
- thermoelectric conversion elements for heat sensing.
- thermoelectric conversion elements in addition to thermoelectric conversion elements that utilize the Seebeck effect, thermoelectric conversion elements that utilize the anomalous Nernst effect as described in Patent Document 1 or thermoelectric conversion elements that utilize the spin Seebeck effect as described in Patent Document 2 are also available. Are known. Thermoelectric conversion elements utilizing the anomalous Nernst effect are considered to be more advantageous than thermoelectric conversion elements utilizing the Seebeck effect from the viewpoint of mass productivity and flexibility. On the other hand, in the thermoelectric conversion element using the spin Seebeck effect, oxides such as YIG are used as the material of the magnetic layer, which is not advantageous from the viewpoint of mass productivity and flexibility.
- the deposition rate in sputtering using an oxide as a target material is slower than the deposition rate in sputtering using a metal as a target material, and the thickness of the magnetic layer is reduced. This is because it is difficult to increase the size.
- thermoelectric power generation device a power generation body made up of a plurality of thin wires and a connecting body made up of a plurality of thin wires are electrically connected.
- Patent Document 1 does not consider the crack resistance of the contact portion for electrical connection with the power generator.
- an oxide such as YIG is used as the material of the magnetic layer. Oxides are often inferior in ductility and flexibility compared to metals. For this reason, if a plurality of thin wires electrically connected in series are formed using an oxide magnetic material, disconnection is likely to occur.
- the present invention provides a thermoelectric conversion element that is advantageous from the viewpoint of suppressing the occurrence of cracks in the contact portion for electrical connection with the thermoelectric conversion portion.
- the present invention a linearly extending thermoelectric conversion section containing a conductive magnetic material having ferromagnetism or antiferromagnetism exhibiting an anomalous Nernst effect; a connecting portion including a conductor electrically connected to the thermoelectric conversion portion; an extension portion formed by the conductive magnetic body extending from the thermoelectric conversion portion or the conductor extending from the connection portion, The extension portion formed by the conductive magnetic body extending from the thermoelectric conversion portion and the connection portion are stacked, or the extension portion formed by the conductor extending from the connection portion. and the thermoelectric conversion part are laminated, A thermoelectric conversion element is provided.
- thermoelectric conversion part By etching a laminate comprising a first layer containing a conductive magnetic material having ferromagnetism or antiferromagnetism exhibiting an anomalous Nernst effect and a second layer containing a conductor, a linear shape containing the conductive magnetic material is obtained.
- forming an extension formed by extending from The extension portion formed by the conductive magnetic body extending from the thermoelectric conversion portion and the connection portion are stacked, or the extension formed by the conductor extending from the connection portion.
- the thermoelectric conversion part, the connection part, and the extension part are formed so that the part and the thermoelectric conversion part are laminated, A method for manufacturing a thermoelectric conversion element is provided.
- thermoelectric conversion element is advantageous from the viewpoint of suppressing the occurrence of cracks in the contact portion for electrical connection with the thermoelectric conversion portion.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one example of a thermoelectric conversion element according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the thermoelectric conversion element taken along plane II shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3A is a plan view showing an example of the state of the end portion of the connecting portion.
- FIG. 3B is a plan view showing another example of the state of the end of the connecting portion.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a method for manufacturing a thermoelectric conversion element according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the thermoelectric conversion element according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing still another example of the thermoelectric conversion element according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the thermoelectric conversion element taken along plane VII shown in FIG.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1a includes a thermoelectric conversion portion 10, a connection portion 20, and an extension portion 30.
- the thermoelectric conversion part 10 includes a conductive magnetic material having ferromagnetism or antiferromagnetism exhibiting the anomalous Nernst effect, and extends linearly.
- the connection part 20 includes a conductor electrically connected to the thermoelectric conversion part 10 .
- the extension part 30 is formed by, for example, a conductive magnetic body extending from the thermoelectric conversion part 10 . In the thermoelectric conversion element 1a, for example, the extension portion 30 and the connection portion 20 are laminated.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1a may be configured like the thermoelectric conversion element 1c shown in FIGS.
- the extension portion 30 is formed by extending the conductor from the connection portion 20. As shown in FIG. In addition, the extension part 30 and the thermoelectric conversion part 10 are laminated.
- thermoelectric power generation device of Patent Document 1 the power generation body and the connection body are formed along the surface of the substrate, and the bottom surfaces of the power generation body and the connection body are considered to be formed at the same height. For this reason, it is understood that the electrical connection between the end of the fine wire of the power generation body and the end of the thin wire of the connection body is formed, for example, so that the contact portion between the power generation body and the connection body has a height difference. be done. According to the studies of the present inventors, it was newly found that cracks tend to occur in the contact portion due to such a difference in height.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1a an extension portion 30 and a connection portion 20 formed by a conductive magnetic body extending from the thermoelectric conversion portion 10 are laminated.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1c the extension portion 30 formed by the conductor extending from the connection portion 20 and the thermoelectric conversion portion 10 are laminated. Therefore, a difference in height is less likely to occur in the contact portion for electrical connection between the thermoelectric conversion portion 10 and the connection portion 20 . As a result, the thermoelectric conversion elements 1a and 1c are less likely to crack at their contact portions.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1a when the extension portion 30 is formed by the conductive magnetic material extending from the thermoelectric conversion portion 10, the smaller the value Rc obtained by dividing the resistivity of the connection portion 20 by the thickness, the larger the electromotive force obtained. . Therefore, in the thermoelectric conversion element 1a in which the extension portion 30 is formed by the conductive magnetic body extending from the thermoelectric conversion portion 10, the extension portion 30 is formed by the conductor extending from the connection portion 20. Compared with the element 1c, the resistance value of the element can be lowered, and the noise tends to be reduced.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1a includes a base material 5, for example.
- the base material 5 has flexibility, for example. Thereby, the thermoelectric conversion elements 1a can be arranged along the curved surface.
- the base material 5 is, for example, a strip-shaped test piece made from the base material 5.
- the test piece When the test piece is wound around a cylindrical mandrel with a diameter of 10 cm so that both ends in the length direction are oriented in the same direction, the The test piece has elasticity that allows it to be elastically deformed.
- the base material 5 may be a non-flexible base material such as a glass base material.
- the base material 5 When the base material 5 has flexibility, the base material 5 contains at least an organic polymer, for example. Thereby, it is easy to reduce the manufacturing cost of the thermoelectric conversion element 1a.
- organic polymers are polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), acrylic resin (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyimide (PI) or cycloolefin polymer (COP).
- the substrate 5 may be ultra-thin glass.
- An example of ultra-thin glass is G-Leaf (registered trademark) manufactured by Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
- the visible light transmittance of the base material 5 is not limited to a specific value.
- the substrate 5 has, for example, a visible light transmittance of 80% or more. As a result, it is easy to confirm the presence or absence of foreign matter in manufacturing the thermoelectric conversion element 1a, and it is possible to suppress the opening of the wiring of the thermoelectric conversion element 1a.
- the visible light transmittance of the substrate 5 may be 83% or more, 86% or more, or 89% or more.
- thermoelectric conversion portion 10 includes a conductive magnetic material having ferromagnetism or antiferromagnetism exhibiting the anomalous Nernst effect. is generated, an electromotive force is generated in a direction orthogonal to the thickness direction of the substrate 5 .
- the conductive magnetic material contained in the thermoelectric conversion section 10 is not limited to a specific material as long as it exhibits the anomalous Nernst effect.
- a material exhibiting the anomalous Nernst effect is, for example, a magnetic material having a saturation magnetic susceptibility of 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 T or more or a material having a band structure having a Weyl point near the Fermi energy.
- the conductive magnetic material contained in the thermoelectric conversion unit 10 contains, for example, at least one substance selected from the group consisting of the following (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), and (v) .
- a stoichiometric substance having a composition represented by Fe 3 X (ii) an off-stoichiometric substance in which the composition ratio of Fe and X deviates from the substance (i) above (iii) the above ( A substance (iv) Fe 3 M1 1-x M2 x (iv) in which a part of the Fe site of the substance i) or part of the Fe site of the substance (ii) is replaced with a typical metal element other than X or a transition element (v) a substance having a composition represented by 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), wherein M1 and M2 are different representative elements; , a substance in which a part of the X site of the substance (i) above is replaced with a main group metal element other than X
- X is a typical element or a transition element.
- X is, for example, Al, Ga, Ge, Sn, Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Sc, Ni, Mn, or Co.
- the combination of M1 and M2 is not limited to a specific combination as long as M1 and M2 are representative elements different from each other.
- the combination of M1 and M2 is Ga and Al, Si and Al, or Ga and B, for example.
- the conductive magnetic material contained in the thermoelectric conversion section 10 may contain Co 2 MnGa.
- the conductive magnetic material contained in the thermoelectric conversion section 10 may contain a conductive antiferromagnetic material such as Mn 3 Sn.
- the specific resistance ⁇ t of the thermoelectric conversion section 10 is not limited to a specific value.
- the specific resistance ⁇ t is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ cm or less.
- the specific resistance ⁇ t may be 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 ⁇ cm or less, 7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ cm or less, 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ cm or less, or 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ cm or less. It may be ⁇ cm or less.
- the specific resistance ⁇ t is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ cm or more. Thereby, a desired electromotive force is likely to be generated in the thermoelectric conversion unit 10 .
- the specific resistance ⁇ t may be 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ cm or more, or 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ cm or more.
- the conductor included in the connecting portion 20 is not limited to a specific substance.
- a conductor is, for example, a non-magnetic material.
- the conductor contains, for example, a paramagnetic transition element.
- Non-magnetic materials are, for example, gold, copper, copper alloys, aluminum, or aluminum alloys.
- the connector 22 may be a cured conductive paste.
- the relationship between the specific resistance ⁇ m of the extension portion 30, the thickness t m of the extension portion 30, the specific resistance ⁇ c of the connection portion 20, and the thickness t c of the connection portion 20 is not limited to a specific relationship.
- a value Rm obtained by dividing the specific resistance ⁇ m of the extension portion 30 by the thickness tm and a value Rc obtained by dividing the specific resistance ⁇ c of the connection portion 20 by the thickness tc satisfy, for example, Rc/Rm ⁇ 3. This makes it easy for the thermoelectric conversion element 1a to exhibit desired thermoelectric conversion performance.
- Rc/Rm may be 2.5 or less, 2.3 or less, 2.0 or less, 1.8 or less, or 1.5 or less. may be present, may be 1.2 or less, or may be 1.0 or less.
- Rc/Rm is, for example, 0.01 or more, may be 0.02 or more, or may be 0.05 or more.
- the value Rc is, for example, 100 ⁇ or less. As a result, the resistance value of the element is likely to be reduced, and noise is likely to be reduced.
- the value Rc may be 90 ⁇ or less, 80 ⁇ or less, 70 ⁇ or less, 60 ⁇ or less, 50 ⁇ or less, or 40 ⁇ or less. It may be 30 ⁇ or less, 20 ⁇ or less, 15 ⁇ or less, or 10 ⁇ or less.
- the value Rc is, for example, 0.1 ⁇ or more.
- a specific resistance ⁇ m of the extension portion 30 is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ cm. Thereby, the condition of Rc/Rm ⁇ 3 is likely to be satisfied.
- the specific resistance ⁇ m may be 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ cm or more, or 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ cm or more.
- the specific resistance ⁇ m may be 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 ⁇ cm or less, or 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 ⁇ cm or less.
- the thickness t m of the extension 30 is, for example, 5-1000 nm. Thereby, the condition of Rc/Rm ⁇ 3 is likely to be satisfied.
- the thickness t m may be 20 nm or more, 30 nm or more, 50 nm or more, or 70 nm or more.
- the thickness t m may be 500 nm or less, 400 nm or less, 300 nm or less, or 200 nm or less.
- the specific resistance ⁇ c of the connecting portion 20 is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 ⁇ cm or less. Thereby, the condition of Rc/Rm ⁇ 3 is likely to be satisfied.
- the specific resistance ⁇ c may be 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ cm or less, 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ cm or less, 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ cm or less, or 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ cm or less. It may be ⁇ cm or less, or 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ cm or less.
- the specific resistance ⁇ c is, for example, 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ cm or more, may be 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ cm or less, or may be 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ cm or more.
- the thickness t c of the connecting portion 30 is, for example, 5 to 1000 nm. Thereby, the condition of Rc/Rm ⁇ 3 is likely to be satisfied.
- the thickness t c may be 10 nm or more, 20 nm or more, 30 nm or more, 40 nm or more, or 50 nm or more.
- the thickness t c may be 500 nm or less, 400 nm or more, 300 nm or more, or 200 nm or less.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1a includes, for example, a plurality of thermoelectric conversion units 10.
- the plurality of thermoelectric conversion units 10 are, for example, separated at predetermined intervals in the X-axis direction and arranged parallel to each other.
- the thermoelectric conversion part 10 extends linearly in the Y-axis direction, for example.
- the thermoelectric conversion units 10 are arranged at equal intervals in the X-axis direction.
- the conductive magnetic bodies included in the plurality of thermoelectric conversion units 10 are magnetized in the same direction. For example, it is magnetized in the width direction (X-axis positive direction or X-axis negative direction) of the thermoelectric conversion section 10 .
- thermoelectric conversion section 10 and the extension section 30 are formed continuously.
- the thermoelectric conversion part 10 forms a meander pattern together with the extension part 30 . Since the extension part 30 and the connection part 20 are laminated, the plurality of thermoelectric conversion parts 10 in the meander pattern are electrically connected in series, and the electromotive force generated in the thermoelectric conversion element 1a tends to increase. For example, by connecting wires to both ends of the meander pattern, the electromotive force generated by the thermoelectric conversion element 1a can be extracted to the outside.
- the extension part 30 extends, for example, between the ends of the thermoelectric conversion parts 10 adjacent to each other.
- the extension part 30 extends, for example, between an end in the longitudinal direction of the thermoelectric conversion part 10 and an end in the longitudinal direction of another thermoelectric conversion part 10 adjacent to the thermoelectric conversion part 10 .
- the ends of adjacent thermoelectric conversion parts 10 connected to the extension part 30 are located on opposite sides in the Y-axis direction.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1a includes, for example, a plurality of extensions 30. As shown in FIG.
- the plurality of extensions 30 are spaced apart in the X-axis direction at predetermined intervals and arranged parallel to each other.
- Each extension 30 has, for example, a portion extending linearly in the Y-axis direction and a portion extending in the X-axis direction at the end of each extension 30 in the Y-axis direction.
- the extension part 30 is arranged between the base material 5 and the connection part 20 in the thickness direction of the base material 5, for example.
- the extension part 30 is in contact with the connection part 20 in the thickness direction of the base material 5, for example.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1a includes, for example, a plurality of connection portions 20.
- the plurality of connecting portions 20 are separated from each other at predetermined intervals in the X-axis direction and arranged parallel to each other.
- Each connecting portion 20 has, for example, a portion extending linearly in the Y-axis direction and a portion extending in the X-axis direction at the end of each connecting portion 20 in the Y-axis direction.
- the ends of the connection portions 20 form contact portions for electrical connection between the thermoelectric conversion portion 10 and the connection portions 20 .
- the boundary 20e extends in the longitudinal direction (Y-axis direction) of the thermoelectric conversion section 10, for example.
- the boundary 20e is defined by the thermoelectric conversion part 10 or the extension part 30 overlapping the connection part 20 near the end in the longitudinal direction of the thermoelectric conversion part 10 and the thermoelectric conversion part 10 or the extension part 30 not overlapping the connection part 20. is the boundary of When the boundary 20e is formed in this manner, cracks are less likely to occur when stress is generated in the Y-axis direction.
- the boundary 20e may extend in the width direction (X-axis direction) of the thermoelectric conversion part 10 in a plan view of the thermoelectric conversion element 1a. In this case, cracks are less likely to occur when stress is generated in the X-axis direction.
- the boundary 20e may be tilted with respect to the X-axis and the Y-axis. In this case, cracks are less likely to occur when stress is generated in the direction extending along the boundary 20e.
- the width which is the dimension of the thermoelectric conversion part 10 in the X-axis direction, is not limited to a specific value.
- the width of each thermoelectric conversion unit 10 is, for example, 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the amount of material used for forming the thermoelectric conversion portion 10 in the thermoelectric conversion element 1a can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost of the thermoelectric conversion element 1a can be easily reduced.
- the width of the thermoelectric conversion part 10 may be 400 ⁇ m or less, 300 ⁇ m or less, or 200 ⁇ m or less.
- the width of the thermoelectric conversion part 10 is, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m or more. As a result, disconnection of the thermoelectric conversion section 10 is less likely to occur, and the thermoelectric conversion element 1a is likely to exhibit high durability.
- the width of each thermoelectric conversion part 10 may be 0.5 ⁇ m or more, 1 ⁇ m or more, 2 ⁇ m or more, 5 ⁇ m or more, or 10 ⁇ m or more. , 20 ⁇ m or more, or 50 ⁇ m or more.
- the width which is the minimum dimension in the X-axis direction of the connecting portion 20 and the extension portion 30, is not limited to a specific value.
- the width of the connecting portion 20 and the extension portion 30 is, for example, 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the width of the connection portion 20 and the extension portion 30 may be 400 ⁇ m or less, 300 ⁇ m or less, 200 ⁇ m or less, 100 ⁇ m or less, or 50 ⁇ m or less. .
- the width of the connecting portion 20 and the extension portion 30 is, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m or more. As a result, disconnection of the connection portion 20 and the extension portion 30 is less likely to occur in the thermoelectric conversion element 1a, and the thermoelectric conversion element 1a tends to exhibit high durability.
- the width of the connection portion 20 and the extension portion 30 may be 0.5 ⁇ m or more, 1 ⁇ m or more, 2 ⁇ m or more, 5 ⁇ m or more, or 10 ⁇ m or more. may be 20 ⁇ m or more, or 30 ⁇ m or more.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1a has a thermoelectric conversion portion 10, a connection portion 20, and an extension portion 30 formed by, for example, etching a laminate 2 including a first layer 2a and a second layer 2b.
- the first layer 2a contains a conductive magnetic material having ferromagnetism or antiferromagnetism exhibiting the anomalous Nernst effect.
- the second layer 2b contains a conductor.
- the thermoelectric conversion part 10, the connection part 20, and the extension part 30 are formed so that the extension part 30 and the connection part 20 are laminated. According to such a method, it is easy to efficiently manufacture the thermoelectric conversion element 1a, and this method is advantageous from the viewpoint of mass production.
- the above method may include, for example, continuously forming the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b in a state isolated from the atmosphere.
- the laminate 2 since the laminate 2 is formed without the interface between the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b being affected by the atmosphere, the contact for electrical connection between the thermoelectric conversion section 10 and the connection section 20 The part tends to have high durability.
- the method of forming the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b is not limited to a specific method.
- the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b are formed by magnetron sputtering, for example. In this case, the first layer 2 a and the second layer 2 b are less likely to separate, and cracks are less likely to occur in the contact portions for electrical connection between the thermoelectric conversion portion 10 and the connecting portions 20 .
- Each of the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b may be formed by other methods such as sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), pulsed laser deposition (PLD), ion plating, and plating.
- a first layer 2a is formed on one main surface of the substrate 5 by magnetron sputtering, and a second layer 2b is continuously formed on the first layer 2a by magnetron sputtering. Thereby, the laminate 2 is formed on one main surface of the substrate 5 .
- a photoresist is applied to the layered body 2, a photomask is placed on the layered body 2, exposure is performed, and then wet etching is performed.
- the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b are patterned to have the same shape. For example, the first layer 2a and the second layer 2b are etched to have a meander pattern.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1a is obtained.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1a can be changed from various points of view.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1a may be changed, for example, into a thermoelectric conversion element 1b shown in FIG. 5 or a thermoelectric conversion element 1c shown in FIGS.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1b and the thermoelectric conversion element 1c are configured in the same manner as the thermoelectric conversion element 1a, except for the parts that are particularly described. Components that are the same as or correspond to the components of the thermoelectric conversion element 1a are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the description regarding the thermoelectric conversion element 1a also applies to the thermoelectric conversion elements 1b and 1c unless technically contradictory.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1b further includes an intermediate layer 25 as shown in FIG.
- An intermediate layer 25 is arranged between the connection portion 20 and the extension portion 30 .
- the intermediate layer 25 makes it difficult for the connection portion 20 and the extension portion 30 to separate.
- the intermediate layer 25 has conductivity, for example.
- the intermediate layer 25 may be non-conductive as long as the thermoelectric conversion section 10 and the connection section 20 can be electrically connected.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1c has, for example, a plurality of connection portions 20.
- the plurality of connecting portions 20 are, for example, separated at predetermined intervals in the X-axis direction and arranged parallel to each other.
- Each connecting portion 20 has a portion extending linearly in the Y-axis direction and a portion extending in the X-axis direction at the end of each connecting portion 20 in the Y-axis direction.
- connection portion 20 and the extension portion 30 are formed continuously.
- connecting portion 20 forms a meandering pattern with extension 30 . Since the extension part 30 and the thermoelectric conversion part 10 are laminated, the plurality of thermoelectric conversion parts 10 are electrically connected in series, and the electromotive force generated in the thermoelectric conversion element 1a tends to increase.
- the extension part 30 extends, for example, between the ends of adjacent connection parts 20 .
- the extension part 30 extends, for example, between the longitudinal end of the connecting part 20 and the longitudinal end of another connecting part 20 adjacent to the connecting part 20 .
- the ends of adjacent connection portions 20 connected to the extension portion 30 are located on opposite sides in the Y-axis direction.
- the extension part 30 is arranged between the base material 5 and the thermoelectric conversion part 10 in the thickness direction of the base material 5, for example.
- the extension part 30 is, for example, in contact with the thermoelectric conversion part 10 in the thickness direction of the base material 5 .
- thermoelectric conversion elements 1a, 1b, and 1c may be provided with an adhesive layer, for example.
- the base material 5 is arranged between the thermoelectric conversion part 10 and the adhesive layer in the thickness direction of the base material 5 .
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1a, 1b, or 1c can be attached to the article by pressing the adhesive layer against the article.
- the adhesive layer contains, for example, a rubber-based adhesive, an acrylic adhesive, a silicone-based adhesive, or a urethane-based adhesive.
- Thermoelectric conversion element 1a may be provided with an adhesive layer and a release liner.
- the release liner covers the adhesive layer.
- a release liner is typically a film that can retain the adhesive strength of the adhesive layer when covering the adhesive layer and that can be easily peeled from the adhesive layer.
- the release liner is, for example, a film made of polyester resin such as PET. By peeling off the release liner, the adhesive layer is exposed, and the thermoelectric conversion element 1a can be attached to the article.
- thermoelectric conversion performance Between a pair of Cu plates having dimensions of 30 mm, 30 mm, and 5 mm, silicone grease KS609 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. was used to fix the samples according to each example and each comparative example. A sample of The sample was placed on the cooling plate SCP-125 from AS ONE. A film heater manufactured by Shinwa Kiseki Co., Ltd. was fixed on the upper Cu plate with double-sided tape No. 5000NS manufactured by Nitto Denko. The heater had dimensions of 30 mm square and an electrical resistance of 20 ohms.
- a focused ion beam processing and observation device FB-2000A manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation was used to prepare cross-sectional observation samples of FeGa and Cu in the samples according to each example and each comparative example.
- a field emission transmission electron microscope HF-2000 manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation the cross-sectional observation sample was observed, and the portion made of FeGa of the sample according to each example and each comparative example and each example and each comparative example.
- the thickness of the portion of the sample made of Cu was measured. This thickness was regarded as the thickness of each part of the sample according to each example and each comparative example. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 1 An FeGa layer having a thickness of 100 nm was formed on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m by DC magnetron sputtering using a target material containing Fe and Ga.
- the visible light transmittance of the PET film was 80% or more.
- a Cu layer having a thickness of 100 nm was continuously formed on the FeGa layer by DC magnetron sputtering using a Cu target material while being isolated from the atmosphere, to obtain a laminate comprising the FeGa layer and the Cu layer. Obtained.
- the formed meander pattern had a structure in which fine lines having a length of 15 mm and a width of 100 ⁇ m and fine lines having a length of 15 mm and a width of 40 ⁇ m were alternately arranged at intervals of 10 ⁇ m.
- thermoelectric conversion parts were obtained in which only the conductive magnetic material FeGa remained.
- the conductive magnetic FeGa forms an extension and the conductor Cu forms a connecting part.
- the FeGa linear pattern was magnetized in a direction parallel to the plane of the PET film and perpendicular to the length direction of the magneto-thermoelectric conversion part. Such samples were obtained.
- the boundary between the portion of the FeGa linear pattern overlapping the Cu thin wire and the portion of the FeGa linear pattern not overlapping the Cu thin wire was parallel to the longitudinal direction of the FeGa linear pattern. was formed in The sample according to Example 1 generated an electromotive force based on the anomalous Nernst effect.
- Example 2 A sample according to Example 2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the conditions of DC magnetron sputtering using a Cu target material were adjusted so that the thickness of the Cu layer was 23 nm.
- Example 3 A sample according to Example 3 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the conditions of DC magnetron sputtering using a Cu target material were adjusted so that the thickness of the Cu layer was 14 nm.
- Example 4 A sample according to Example 4 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the conditions of DC magnetron sputtering using a Cu target material were adjusted so that the thickness of the Cu layer was 11 nm.
- Example 5 A sample according to Example 5 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the conditions of DC magnetron sputtering using a Cu target material were adjusted so that the thickness of the Cu layer was 5 nm.
- Example 6 The conditions of DC magnetron sputtering using a target material containing Fe and Ga were adjusted so that the thickness of the FeGa layer was 200 nm, and DC using a Cu target material was adjusted so that the thickness of the Cu layer was 5 nm.
- a sample according to Example 6 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the conditions for magnetron sputtering were adjusted.
- Example 7 The conditions of DC magnetron sputtering using a target material containing Fe and Ga were adjusted so that the thickness of the FeGa layer was 250 nm, and DC using a Cu target material was adjusted so that the thickness of the Cu layer was 10 nm.
- a sample according to Example 7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the conditions for magnetron sputtering were adjusted.
- Example 8> The conditions of DC magnetron sputtering using a target material containing Fe and Ga were adjusted so that the thickness of the FeGa layer was 250 nm, and DC using a Cu target material was adjusted so that the thickness of the Cu layer was 8 nm.
- a sample according to Example 8 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the conditions for magnetron sputtering were adjusted.
- a Cu layer having a thickness of 100 nm was formed by DC magnetron sputtering using a target material containing Cu.
- a photoresist was applied to the Cu layer, a photomask was placed on the Cu thin film, exposure was performed, and then wet etching was performed.
- a Cu linear pattern having a width of 40 ⁇ m was formed.
- a pair of adjacent FeGa linear patterns were electrically connected to each other by the Cu linear pattern, forming a conductive path forming a meander pattern.
- An electromagnet with a central magnetic flux density of 0.5 T was used to magnetize the FeGa linear pattern in a direction parallel to the plane of the PET film and perpendicular to the length direction of the FeGa linear pattern. Such samples were obtained. This sample generated an electromotive force based on the anomalous Nernst effect.
- Comparative Example 2 A sample according to Comparative Example 2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the DC magnetron sputtering conditions were adjusted so that the FeGa layer had a thickness of 250 nm and the Cu layer had a thickness of 5 nm.
- the sample according to each example obtained an electromotive force of 0.11 mV or more, and it is understood that the sample according to each example can be used as a thermoelectric conversion element.
- the sample according to Comparative Example 1 although a high thermoelectromotive force was obtained, it was confirmed that cracks occurred between the FeGa-containing linear pattern and the Cu-containing linear pattern when a predetermined bending load was applied. was done.
- a first aspect of the present invention is a linearly extending thermoelectric conversion section containing a conductive magnetic material having ferromagnetism or antiferromagnetism exhibiting an anomalous Nernst effect; a connecting portion including a conductor electrically connected to the thermoelectric conversion portion; an extension portion formed by the conductive magnetic body extending from the thermoelectric conversion portion or the conductor extending from the connection portion, The extension portion formed by the conductive magnetic body extending from the thermoelectric conversion portion and the connection portion are stacked, or the extension portion formed by the conductor extending from the connection portion. and the thermoelectric conversion part are laminated, A thermoelectric conversion element is provided.
- thermoelectric conversion part has a specific resistance of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ cm or less, A thermoelectric conversion element according to the first aspect is provided.
- a third aspect of the present invention is The extension portion is formed by the conductive magnetic body extending from the thermoelectric conversion portion, The extension portion and the connection portion are laminated, A thermoelectric conversion element according to the first aspect or the second aspect is provided.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention is A value Rm obtained by dividing the specific resistance of the extension portion by the thickness of the extension portion and a value Rc obtained by dividing the specific resistance of the connection portion by the thickness of the connection portion satisfy Rc/Rm ⁇ 3.
- a thermoelectric conversion element according to the third aspect is provided.
- a fifth aspect of the present invention is A value Rc obtained by dividing the specific resistance of the connection portion by the thickness of the connection portion is 100 ⁇ or less.
- a thermoelectric conversion element according to any one of the first to fourth aspects is provided.
- a sixth aspect of the present invention is The connecting portion has a resistivity of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 ⁇ cm or less, A thermoelectric conversion element according to any one of the first to fifth aspects is provided.
- thermoelectric conversion part or the connection part forms a meander pattern together with the extension part,
- thermoelectric conversion element according to any one of the first to sixth aspects is provided.
- the eighth aspect of the present invention is comprising a base material having flexibility,
- the thermoelectric conversion part, the connection part, and the extension part are arranged on the base material,
- a thermoelectric conversion element according to any one of the first to seventh aspects is provided.
- a ninth aspect of the present invention is by etching a laminate comprising a first layer containing a conductive magnetic material having ferromagnetism or antiferromagnetism exhibiting an anomalous Nernst effect and a second layer containing a conductor, a linear shape containing the conductive magnetic material is obtained.
- forming an extension formed by extending from The extension portion formed by the conductive magnetic body extending from the thermoelectric conversion portion and the connection portion are stacked, or the extension formed by the conductor extending from the connection portion.
- the thermoelectric conversion part, the connection part, and the extension part are formed so that the part and the thermoelectric conversion part are laminated, A method for manufacturing a thermoelectric conversion element is provided.
- a tenth aspect of the present invention is Continuously forming the first layer and the second layer while isolated from the atmosphere; A method for manufacturing a thermoelectric conversion element according to the ninth aspect is provided.
- the eleventh aspect of the present invention is the first layer and the second layer are formed by magnetron sputtering; A method for manufacturing a thermoelectric conversion element according to the tenth aspect is provided.
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Abstract
Description
異常ネルンスト効果を示す強磁性又は反強磁性を有する導電性磁性体を含み、線状に延びている熱電変換部と、
前記熱電変換部に電気的に接続された、導電体を含む接続部と、
前記導電性磁性体が前記熱電変換部から延びること又は前記導電体が前記接続部から延びることによって形成された延長部と、を備え、
前記導電性磁性体が前記熱電変換部から延びることによって形成された前記延長部と前記接続部とが積層されている、又は、前記導電体が前記接続部から延びることによって形成された前記延長部と前記熱電変換部とが積層されている、
熱電変換素子を提供する。
異常ネルンスト効果を示す強磁性又は反強磁性を有する導電性磁性体を含む第一層と導電体を含む第二層とを備えた積層体のエッチングによって、前記導電性磁性体を含む線状に延びている熱電変換部と、前記熱電変換部に電気的に接続された、前記導電体を含む接続部と、前記導電性磁性体が前記熱電変換部から延びること又は前記導電体が前記接続部から延びることによって形成された延長部とを形成することを含み、
前記導電性磁性体が前記熱電変換部から延びることによって形成された前記延長部と前記接続部とが積層されるように、又は、前記導電体が前記接続部から延びることによって形成された前記延長部と前記熱電変換部とが積層されるように、前記熱電変換部、前記接続部、及び前記延長部が形成される、
熱電変換素子の製造方法を提供する。
(i)Fe3Xで表される組成を有するストイキオメトリックな物質
(ii)上記(i)の物質からFeとXとの組成比がずれたオフ・ストイキオメトリックな物質
(iii)上記(i)の物質のFeサイトの一部又は上記(ii)の物質のFeサイトの一部がX以外の典型金属元素又は遷移元素で置換された物質
(iv)Fe3M11-xM2x(0<x<1)で表される組成を有し、M1及びM2が互いに異なる典型元素である物質
(v)上記(i)の物質のFeサイトの一部がX以外の遷移元素で置換され、上記(i)の物質のXサイトの一部がX以外の典型金属元素で置換された物質
各実施例及び各比較例に係るサンプルからストリップ状の試験片を作製した。水平に固定された5mmの直径を有する円柱状のマンドレルに試験片を巻きつけ、試験片の両端に100gの錘を付けて試験片に荷重をかけた。FeGa線状パターンの長さ方向に沿ってFeGa線状パターンがマンドレルを跨ぐように試験片をマンドレルに巻きつけた。その後、FeGa線状パターン及びCu細線からなる導電路の電気抵抗値が初期値の1.5倍以上になったときにFeGa線状パターンとCu細線との間にクラックが発生したと判断した。結果を表1に示す。表1において、「A」はクラックの発生が確認されなかったことを意味し、「X」はクラックの発生が確認されたことを意味する。
30mm、30mm、及び5mmの寸法を有する一対のCu製のプレートの間に、信越化学工業社製のシリコーングリースKS609を用いて各実施例及び各比較例に係るサンプルを固定し、熱電特性評価用のサンプルを作製した。このサンプルを、アズワン社の冷却プレートSCP-125の上に置いた。上方のCu製のプレートの上に、シンワ測定社製のフィルムヒーターを日東電工社製の両面テープNo.5000NSで固定した。このヒータは、30mm平方の寸法及び20Ωの電気抵抗値を有していた。冷却プレートの温度を25℃に保った状態で、フィルムヒーターを10Vの定電圧制御で発熱させ、フィルムヒーターから出力される熱量を0.52W/cm2に調整した。このとき、データロガーを用いて、各サンプルにおいて発生する起電力を計測した。結果を表1に示す。
ナプソン社製の非接触式抵抗測定装置NC-80LINEを用いて、日本産業規格(JIS)Z 2316に準拠して、渦電流法によって各実施例及び各比較例においてFeGa層及びCu層のシート抵抗を測定した。
50μmの厚みを有するポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム上に、Fe及びGaを含むターゲット材を用いてDCマグネトロンスパッタリングによって100nmの厚みを有するFeGa層を形成した。PETフィルムの可視光透過率は80%以上であった。このターゲット材において、原子数比で、Feの含有量:Gaの含有量=3:1の関係にあった。その後、大気から隔離した状態で連続的に、FeGa層上に、Cuターゲット材を用いてDCマグネトロンスパッタリングによって100nmの厚みを有するCu層を形成し、FeGa層とCu層とを備えた積層体を得た。次に、フォトレジストを積層体上に塗布し、フォトマスクを積層体の上に配置して露光を行い、その後ウェットエッチングを行った。これにより、FeGaとCuとの積層体のメアンダパターンを形成した。形成されたメアンダパターンは、15mmの長さ及び100μmの幅を有する細線と、15mmの長さ及び40μmの幅を有する細線とが10μmの間隔で交互に配置された構造を有していた。次に、積層体のメアンダパターンにフォトレジストを塗布し、積層体の上にフォトマスクを配置して露光を行い、ウェットエッチングを行うことで、100μmの幅の細線上のCuのみを除去し、導電性磁性体FeGaのみが残った98個の熱電変換部を得た。これにより、平面視において互いに平行であり、かつ、互いに離れて配置された100μmの幅を有する熱電変換部と、40μmの幅を有する導電性磁性体FeGaと導電体Cuとの積層構造とのメアンダパターンを得た。この積層構造において、導電性磁性体FeGaが延長部をなしており、導電体Cuが接続部をなしていた。0.5Tの中心磁束密度を有する電磁石を用いて、PETフィルムの平面に平行であり、かつ、磁気熱電変換部の長さ方向と直交する方向にFeGa線状パターンを磁化させ、実施例1に係るサンプルを得た。実施例1に係るサンプルの平面視において、FeGa線状パターンのCu細線と重なっている部分と、FeGa線状パターンのCu細線と重なっていない部分との境界はFeGa線状パターンの長手方向に平行に形成されていた。実施例1に係るサンプルは、異常ネルンスト効果に基づいて起電力を発生した。
Cu層の厚みが23nmになるように、Cuターゲット材を用いたDCマグネトロンスパッタリングの条件を調整した以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例2に係るサンプルを作製した。
Cu層の厚みが14nmになるように、Cuターゲット材を用いたDCマグネトロンスパッタリングの条件を調整した以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例3に係るサンプルを作製した。
Cu層の厚みが11nmになるように、Cuターゲット材を用いたDCマグネトロンスパッタリングの条件を調整した以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例4に係るサンプルを作製した。
Cu層の厚みが5nmになるように、Cuターゲット材を用いたDCマグネトロンスパッタリングの条件を調整した以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例5に係るサンプルを作製した。
FeGa層の厚みが200nmになるように、Fe及びGaを含むターゲット材を用いたDCマグネトロンスパッタリングの条件を調整し、かつ、Cu層の厚みが5nmになるように、Cuターゲット材を用いたDCマグネトロンスパッタリングの条件を調整した以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例6に係るサンプルを作製した。
FeGa層の厚みが250nmになるように、Fe及びGaを含むターゲット材を用いたDCマグネトロンスパッタリングの条件を調整し、かつ、Cu層の厚みが10nmになるように、Cuターゲット材を用いたDCマグネトロンスパッタリングの条件を調整した以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例7に係るサンプルを作製した。
FeGa層の厚みが250nmになるように、Fe及びGaを含むターゲット材を用いたDCマグネトロンスパッタリングの条件を調整し、かつ、Cu層の厚みが8nmになるように、Cuターゲット材を用いたDCマグネトロンスパッタリングの条件を調整した以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例8に係るサンプルを作製した。
50μmの厚みを有するPETフィルム上に、Fe及びGaを含むターゲット材を用いてDCマグネトロンスパッタリングによって100nmの厚みを有するFeGa層を形成した。PETフィルムの可視光透過率は80%以上であった。このターゲット材において、原子数比で、Feの含有量:Gaの含有量=3:1の関係にあった。フォトレジストをFeGa層上に塗布し、フォトマスクをFeGa層の上に配置して露光を行い、その後ウェットエッチングを行った。これにより、所定の間隔で互いに平行に配置された98本のFeGa線状パターンが形成された。各FeGa線状パターンの幅は100μmであり、各FeGa線状パターンの長さは15mmであった。その後、Cuを含むターゲット材を用いてDCマグネトロンスパッタリングによって100nmの厚みを有するCu層を形成した。フォトレジストをCu層に塗布し、フォトマスクをCu薄膜の上に配置して露光を行い、その後ウェットエッチングを行った。これにより、40μmの幅を有するCu線状パターンが形成された。Cu線状パターンによって、隣り合う一対のFeGa線状パターン同士が電気的に接続されており、メアンダパターンをなす導電路が形成されていた。0.5Tの中心磁束密度を有する電磁石を用いて、PETフィルムの平面に平行であり、かつ、FeGa線状パターンの長さ方向と直交する方向にFeGa線状パターンを磁化させ、比較例1に係るサンプルを得た。このサンプルは、異常ネルンスト効果に基づいて起電力を発生した。
FeGa層の厚みが250nmであり、かつ、Cu層の厚みが5nmになるように、DCマグネトロンスパッタリングの条件を調整した以外は、実施例1と同様にして比較例2に係るサンプルを作製した。
異常ネルンスト効果を示す強磁性又は反強磁性を有する導電性磁性体を含み、線状に延びている熱電変換部と、
前記熱電変換部に電気的に接続された、導電体を含む接続部と、
前記導電性磁性体が前記熱電変換部から延びること又は前記導電体が前記接続部から延びることによって形成された延長部と、を備え、
前記導電性磁性体が前記熱電変換部から延びることによって形成された前記延長部と前記接続部とが積層されている、又は、前記導電体が前記接続部から延びることによって形成された前記延長部と前記熱電変換部とが積層されている、
熱電変換素子を提供する。
前記熱電変換部は、1×10-2Ωcm以下の比抵抗を有する、
第1側面に係る熱電変換素子を提供する。
前記導電性磁性体が前記熱電変換部から延びることによって前記延長部が形成されており、
前記延長部と前記接続部とが積層されている、
第1側面又は第2側面に係る熱電変換素子を提供する。
前記延長部の比抵抗を前記延長部の厚みで除した値Rm及び前記接続部の比抵抗を前記接続部の厚みで除した値Rcは、Rc/Rm≦3を満たす、
第3側面に係る熱電変換素子を提供する。
前記接続部の比抵抗を前記接続部の厚みで除した値Rcは、100Ω以下である、
第1側面~第4側面のいずれか1つに係る熱電変換素子を提供する。
前記接続部は、1×10-3Ωcm以下の比抵抗を有する、
第1側面~第5側面のいずれか1つに係る熱電変換素子を提供する。
前記熱電変換部又は前記接続部は、前記延長部とともにメアンダパターンをなしている、
第1側面~第6側面のいずれか1つに係る熱電変換素子を提供する。
可撓性を有する基材を備え、
前記熱電変換部、前記接続部、及び前記延長部は、前記基材上に配置されている、
第1側面~第7側面のいずれか1つに係る熱電変換素子を提供する。
異常ネルンスト効果を示す強磁性又は反強磁性を有する導電性磁性体を含む第一層と導電体を含む第二層とを備えた積層体のエッチングによって、前記導電性磁性体を含む線状に延びている熱電変換部と、前記熱電変換部に電気的に接続された、前記導電体を含む接続部と、前記導電性磁性体が前記熱電変換部から延びること又は前記導電体が前記接続部から延びることによって形成された延長部とを形成することを含み、
前記導電性磁性体が前記熱電変換部から延びることによって形成された前記延長部と前記接続部とが積層されるように、又は、前記導電体が前記接続部から延びることによって形成された前記延長部と前記熱電変換部とが積層されるように、前記熱電変換部、前記接続部、及び前記延長部が形成される、
熱電変換素子の製造方法を提供する。
大気から隔離した状態で連続的に前記第一層及び前記第二層を形成することを含む、
第9側面に係る熱電変換素子の製造方法を提供する。
前記第一層及び前記第二層は、マグネトロンスパッタリングによって形成される、
第10側面に係る熱電変換素子の製造方法を提供する。
Claims (11)
- 異常ネルンスト効果を示す強磁性又は反強磁性を有する導電性磁性体を含み、線状に延びている熱電変換部と、
前記熱電変換部に電気的に接続された、導電体を含む接続部と、
前記導電性磁性体が前記熱電変換部から延びること又は前記導電体が前記接続部から延びることによって形成された延長部と、を備え、
前記導電性磁性体が前記熱電変換部から延びることによって形成された前記延長部と前記接続部とが積層されている、又は、前記導電体が前記接続部から延びることによって形成された前記延長部と前記熱電変換部とが積層されている、
熱電変換素子。 - 前記熱電変換部は、1×10-2Ωcm以下の比抵抗を有する、
請求項1に記載の熱電変換素子。 - 前記導電性磁性体が前記熱電変換部から延びることによって前記延長部が形成されており、
前記延長部と前記接続部とが積層されている、
請求項1に記載の熱電変換素子。 - 前記延長部の比抵抗を前記延長部の厚みで除した値Rm及び前記接続部の比抵抗を前記接続部の厚みで除した値Rcは、Rc/Rm≦3を満たす、
請求項3に記載の熱電変換素子。 - 前記接続部の比抵抗を前記接続部の厚みで除した値Rcは、100Ω以下である、
請求項1に記載の熱電変換素子。 - 前記接続部は、1×10-3Ωcm以下の比抵抗を有する、
請求項1に記載の熱電変換素子。 - 前記熱電変換部又は前記接続部は、前記延長部とともにメアンダパターンをなしている、
請求項1に記載の熱電変換素子。 - 可撓性を有する基材を備え、
前記熱電変換部、前記接続部、及び前記延長部は、前記基材上に配置されている、
請求項1に記載の熱電変換素子。 - 異常ネルンスト効果を示す強磁性又は反強磁性を有する導電性磁性体を含む第一層と導電体を含む第二層とを備えた積層体のエッチングによって、前記導電性磁性体を含む線状に延びている熱電変換部と、前記熱電変換部に電気的に接続された、前記導電体を含む接続部と、前記導電性磁性体が前記熱電変換部から延びること又は前記導電体が前記接続部から延びることによって形成された延長部とを形成することを含み、
前記導電性磁性体が前記熱電変換部から延びることによって形成された前記延長部と前記接続部とが積層されるように、又は、前記導電体が前記接続部から延びることによって形成された前記延長部と前記熱電変換部とが積層されるように、前記熱電変換部、前記接続部、及び前記延長部が形成される、
熱電変換素子の製造方法。 - 大気から隔離した状態で連続的に前記第一層及び前記第二層を形成することを含む、
請求項9に記載の熱電変換素子の製造方法。 - 前記第一層及び前記第二層は、マグネトロンスパッタリングによって形成される、
請求項10に記載の熱電変換素子の製造方法。
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WO2013046948A1 (ja) | 2011-09-26 | 2013-04-04 | 日本電気株式会社 | 熱電変換素子 |
JP2014072256A (ja) | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-21 | Tohoku Univ | 熱電発電デバイス |
JP2015142048A (ja) * | 2014-01-29 | 2015-08-03 | 日本電気株式会社 | 熱電変換素子およびその製造方法 |
JP2018113413A (ja) * | 2017-01-13 | 2018-07-19 | 日本電気株式会社 | 可変断熱素子とその駆動方法及びその形成方法 |
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JP2014072256A (ja) | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-21 | Tohoku Univ | 熱電発電デバイス |
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