WO2023046565A1 - Kontaktscheibe für vakuumschalter, vakuumschalter sowie herstellungsverfahren für eine kontaktscheibe - Google Patents
Kontaktscheibe für vakuumschalter, vakuumschalter sowie herstellungsverfahren für eine kontaktscheibe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023046565A1 WO2023046565A1 PCT/EP2022/075616 EP2022075616W WO2023046565A1 WO 2023046565 A1 WO2023046565 A1 WO 2023046565A1 EP 2022075616 W EP2022075616 W EP 2022075616W WO 2023046565 A1 WO2023046565 A1 WO 2023046565A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- contact
- vacuum switch
- copper
- contact disk
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
- H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
- H01H11/048—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by powder-metallurgical processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
- H01H33/6642—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having cup-shaped contacts, the cylindrical wall of which being provided with inclined slits to form a coil
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
- H01H33/6643—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having disc-shaped contacts subdivided in petal-like segments, e.g. by helical grooves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new type of contact disk for vacuum switches, a vacuum switch with such a contact disk and a manufacturing method for a contact disk.
- Vacuum interrupters for the low, medium and high voltage range are used in particular to switch off currents greater than a few kiloamperes, so-called radial or axial magnetic field contacts (RMF or AMF contacts).
- RMF or AMF contacts radial or axial magnetic field contacts
- Structure, function and operating principles of such contact elements in conventional construction are, for example, in the dissertation published in 2003, "Modeling of the plasma in the vacuum circuit breaker taking into account axial magnetic fields" by K. Jenkes-Botterweck, available online at http://publications. RWTH Aachen . en /record/ 58842 , comprehensively described .
- spiral and pot contacts Widely used designs are the spiral and pot contacts.
- the required magnetic field is generated by the geometric design of the contact disk itself; which the contact disc is attached.
- a variant of a contact in which the magnetic field is formed by a coil former is known from DE 33 02 595 A1.
- a helically wound or body provided with helical recesses made of a first material of lower electrical conductivity is cast with a second material f higher conductivity and lower melting and casting temperature, in particular the spaces between the screw threads or. the recesses are cast.
- the body made from the first material represents part of the casting mold for the second material.
- a structure-free contact disc made of a special arc material is then soldered onto the contact carrier produced in this way on the contact-making end face.
- Fig. 1 shows a conventional AMF contact disk 10 in a schematic representation.
- the contact disk 10 has a plurality of oblique slots 11 distributed over the circumference, which are shaped in such a way that they (together with the geometry of the corresponding mating contact) cause the formation of a magnetic field when current flows, which causes a movement of an emerging arc on a predetermined path and / or causes a large-scale spread of the arc.
- Fig. 2 shows a conventional spiral contact disk 20, which has a plurality of spiral-shaped slots 21 distributed over the circumference, which are also made in the contact disk 20 in such a way that they (together with the geometry of the corresponding mating contact) cause a magnetic field to form when current flows , which causes an arc to move along a predetermined path and/or spread the arc over a large area.
- a disadvantage of the contact disks according to the prior art is that the slotting of the contact disk significantly impairs its mechanical stability.
- the machining processes used to make the slots leave behind sharp edges and burrs that have to be rounded off or smoothed out in additional work steps. be removed must in order to prevent injuries when handling the contact discs and the finished contact elements.
- Sharp edges and burrs can also lead to local increases in the electrical field strength and thus have a negative impact on the dielectric strength of the vacuum interrupter.
- burrs can become detached under the influence of the electrical field and/or as a result of mechanical shock during the switching operations and initiate an electrical breakdown in the vacuum interrupter.
- arcing events on the surface of a contact disk cause partial melting, in particular along the slot edges, as a result of which the slots become narrower with the number of switching operations and can ultimately be completely short-circuited.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to specify a contact disk for vacuum switches and a manufacturing method for such a contact disk, whereby the disadvantages described are avoided.
- a contact disk of a contact element for a vacuum switch which consists predominantly of a first conductive material or composite material and has a plurality of recesses distributed over the circumference of a second material with a lower conductivity than the first material or composite material, which during a switching process of the vacuum switch, the formation of a magnetic field and thus a movement of an arc that is produced on a predetermined path and/or a large-area propagation of the arc.
- the shape of the slots not being limited to slots is, but allows a significantly greater variety of shapes, which in turn allows optimization of the magnetic field formation that can be achieved with the classic cutting or cutting processes are not feasible or only with great effort.
- the present invention avoids or reduces the effect occurring in the prior art that the slits become narrower with the number of switching operations and finally can be completely short-circuited, since the slits are already filled with material and thus the accumulation of material is at least made more difficult.
- “Introduction” preferably means that the introduction of the second material into the first material takes place while the basic shape of the contact disk is being formed and not subsequently, for example not by making slots in a contact disk, which then collapse with the second material become .
- the first conductive material ie the material of the contact disk base body
- the first conductive material is copper or a copper-based composite material, in particular CuCr25 or CuCrSO or CuCr35.
- Stainless steel or another metal with a significantly lower conductivity than copper is preferably used for the material let into the slots.
- the conductivity of the second material is preferably less than one tenth of the conductivity of the first material.
- ceramics, ceramic-metal composite materials (cermets) or plastics are used as the second material.
- a contact disk according to the invention can be produced, for example, by additive manufacturing methods (3D printing), in particular by a 2-component 3D printing method.
- 3D printing is that Contact disc including the recesses can be manufactured in one operation and complex slot shapes can be realized that can not be realized with conventional machining processes or only with great effort.
- the present invention also relates to a vacuum switch with a vacuum chamber, within which two contact elements are arranged, with at least one of the contact elements having a contact disk according to the invention.
- the present invention also relates to a method, alternative to 3D printing, for producing a contact disk according to the invention, which predominantly consists of a first material or composite material.
- a contact disk according to the invention which predominantly consists of a first material or composite material.
- one or more molded parts made of a second material with a lower conductivity than the first material or composite material are introduced into a powder bed or a press die.
- the mold parts that determine the shape of the contact disk are introduced into the press die.
- a powder of the first material or a powder mixture or green parts pre-pressed from powder are introduced.
- a pressure is then exerted in such a way that the powder or the powder mixture the contact disc with the embedded or embedded moldings arises.
- molded parts made from the first material can form the starting point, and a powder or pre-pressed green body made from the second material is introduced.
- the powder or the powder mixture can also be subjected to an electric current during the pressing process.
- the voltage feed-in points and the electrical power fed in are preferably selected in such a way that the currents flowing through the powder(s) are approximately evenly distributed.
- a copper powder or a mixture of copper particles and another conductive material such as chromium is preferably used as the (first) powder.
- Stainless steel is preferably chosen as the second material.
- the molded part or parts are preferably designed in such a way that, after pressing and sintering of the powder(s), they form indentations in the contact disk distributed over the circumference, which during a switching process of the vacuum switch cause the formation of a magnetic field and thus a movement of an arc that is produced a predetermined path and/or cause the arc to spread over a large area.
- Fig. 3 shows an AMF contact disk according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention in a schematic perspective representation
- Fig. 4 shows a spiral contact disk according to a second embodiment of the present invention schematically in a perspective view
- Fig. 5 shows a vacuum switch according to an embodiment of the present invention schematically in a partial sectional view.
- Fig. 3 shows an AMF contact disk 30 of an AMF contact element for a vacuum switch 100 consisting of a first conductive material or composite material.
- the first conductive material is preferably copper.
- the representation of the contact carrier has been omitted for the purpose of a clearer representation of the present invention.
- the contact disk 30 or a contact disk area can be attached to the surface of a contact carrier or, in developments of the present invention, can be formed in one piece with the contact carrier, namely on the surface of the contact element, which is later to form the separable electrical connection of the vacuum switch.
- the contact disk 30 has a plurality of obliquely distributed over the circumference, in the example of FIG. 3 essentially slit-shaped recesses 31, into which a second material with lower electrical conductivity compared to the first material is embedded, in such a way that the recesses (together with the geometry of the recesses or slits of the corresponding mating contact) when current flows, the formation of a Magnetic field and thus cause a movement of a resulting arc on a predetermined path and / or a large-scale spread of the arc.
- Fig. 4 shows a spiral contact disk 40 of a contact element for a vacuum switch 100, also consisting of a first conductive material or composite material.
- the first conductive material is in turn preferably copper.
- the representation of the contact carrier was omitted for the purpose of a clearer representation of the present invention. It also applies to the spiral contact disk 40 that contact disk 40 or a contact disk area can be attached to the surface of a contact carrier or, in developments of the present invention, can be formed in one piece with the contact carrier, namely on the surface of the contact element, which is later to form the separable electrical connection of the vacuum switch.
- the contact disk 40 has a plurality of indentations 41 distributed over the circumference, which run in a spiral shape and thus increase the length of the indentation compared to straight slots as shown in FIG. 3 increase .
- a second material with lower electrical conductivity compared to the first material is embedded, again in such a way that the indentations (together with the geometry of the indentations or slots of the corresponding mating contact) allow the formation of a magnetic field and thus a movement of an emerging arc on a given one when current flows Train and / or cause a large-scale spread of the arc.
- Fig. 5 shows a vacuum interrupter 100 with two contacts with contact carriers 32 , 42 on which contact disks 30 , 40 according to the present invention are applied.
- two AMF contacts with contact discs 30 according to FIG. 3 shown in detail.
- other contact wheel shapes designed in accordance with the present invention are used.
- the vacuum switch 100 has a fixed connecting disk or a fixed connection bolt zen 110 made of conductive material, preferably made of copper. This is connected to the coil body 32, 42 of a fixed contact. A moveable contact is coplanar with the fixed contact and is carried by a moveable terminal stud 170 .
- the vacuum switch is closed by an axial movement of the movable connection bolt 170 in the direction of the fixed connection bolt 110, and the vacuum switch is opened by a movement in the opposite direction.
- the movable connecting bolt is guided in a guide 160 .
- the two contacts are arranged in a vacuum chamber 130 which is lined with a screen 140 and consists of a body 120 made of insulating material.
- a metal bellows 150 is used to seal the vacuum chamber 130 from the environment in the area where the movable connecting bolt passes through into the vacuum chamber.
- a preferred manufacturing method for manufacturing the contact disks 30 , 40 is described below.
- One or more molded parts preferably made of stainless steel, which will later form the indentations in the contact disk 40, are placed in a matrix.
- the position of the molded parts is determined by suitable means.
- a molded part can be used in which the several indentations are connected to one another by narrow webs that do not impair the later function and thus form a molded part composite that retains its shape when powder is subsequently poured in.
- molded parts which largely correspond to their final shape, but protrude somewhat beyond the later circumference of the contact element, can be used in corresponding receptacles in the matrix.
- the material of the molded parts that protrudes beyond the circumference can then also be removed in the course of the final surface treatment of the contact element.
- Copper powder or a powder mixture of copper and chromium is filled into the gaps in the die and surrounding the molded parts and a uniaxial pressure is applied using a press ram. Electrical current preferably flows through the sample to be sintered in a type of series connection at the same time via the press ram and the die. The resulting Joule heating of the sample or of the die leads to a very rapid heating of the sample and thus enables the ef fi cient sintering of the material.
- molded parts made of the first material can form the starting point, and a powder or pre-pressed green body made of the second material is introduced.
- the die can have additional shaped bodies that influence the shape of the contact disk.
- the complete contact element including the contact disk and contact carrier, can be produced using the sintering process.
- a contact disk is available, the surfaces of which still have to be processed depending on the quality to be achieved, for example by polishing, for example in order to achieve a contact surface that is as flat as possible and free of grooves.
- polishing for example in order to achieve a contact surface that is as flat as possible and free of grooves.
- the slitting of the contact disk and the deburring of the slits are no longer necessary.
- the sintered contact disc or the sintered contact element is very near net shape, d. H . there is very little waste material in the final processing.
- the contact disk from a composite material by using, instead of pure copper powder, a suitable powder mixture of copper and a further material is added. This can also be done locally, i . H . for example in areas of the coil former that are exposed to particular mechanical and/or electrical loads, such as the surface of the contact disk.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP22786781.9A EP4374406A1 (de) | 2021-09-23 | 2022-09-15 | Kontaktscheibe für vakuumschalter, vakuumschalter sowie herstellungsverfahren für eine kontaktscheibe |
CN202280064462.2A CN117999624A (zh) | 2021-09-23 | 2022-09-15 | 用于真空开关的接触盘、真空开关以及用于接触盘的制造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102021210643.9A DE102021210643A1 (de) | 2021-09-23 | 2021-09-23 | Kontaktscheibe für Vakuumschalter, Vakuumschalter sowie Herstellungsverfahren für eine Kontaktscheibe |
DE102021210643.9 | 2021-09-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2023046565A1 true WO2023046565A1 (de) | 2023-03-30 |
Family
ID=83689282
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2022/075616 WO2023046565A1 (de) | 2021-09-23 | 2022-09-15 | Kontaktscheibe für vakuumschalter, vakuumschalter sowie herstellungsverfahren für eine kontaktscheibe |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4374406A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN117999624A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102021210643A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2023046565A1 (de) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3302595A1 (de) | 1983-01-27 | 1984-08-02 | Calor-Emag Elektrizitäts-Aktiengesellschaft, 4030 Ratingen | Kontaktanordnung fuer vakuumschalter |
DE19612143A1 (de) * | 1996-03-27 | 1997-10-02 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Spiralkontaktstückes für eine Vakuumkammer und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
WO2014202390A1 (de) * | 2013-06-20 | 2014-12-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von kontaktelementen für elektrische schaltkontakte |
DE102017214805A1 (de) | 2017-08-24 | 2019-02-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Strombegrenzung mit einem Vakuumschalter |
WO2019145103A1 (de) * | 2018-01-29 | 2019-08-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum herstellen eines kontaktbauteils sowie kontaktbauteil, vakuumschaltröhre und schaltanlage |
DE102019216869A1 (de) | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Kontaktbolzen zum Abschirmen und Halten einer Kontaktscheibe, Vakuum-Schaltelement aufweisend eine Kontaktscheibe und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Kontaktbolzens |
-
2021
- 2021-09-23 DE DE102021210643.9A patent/DE102021210643A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-09-15 EP EP22786781.9A patent/EP4374406A1/de active Pending
- 2022-09-15 CN CN202280064462.2A patent/CN117999624A/zh active Pending
- 2022-09-15 WO PCT/EP2022/075616 patent/WO2023046565A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3302595A1 (de) | 1983-01-27 | 1984-08-02 | Calor-Emag Elektrizitäts-Aktiengesellschaft, 4030 Ratingen | Kontaktanordnung fuer vakuumschalter |
DE19612143A1 (de) * | 1996-03-27 | 1997-10-02 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Spiralkontaktstückes für eine Vakuumkammer und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
WO2014202390A1 (de) * | 2013-06-20 | 2014-12-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von kontaktelementen für elektrische schaltkontakte |
DE102017214805A1 (de) | 2017-08-24 | 2019-02-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Strombegrenzung mit einem Vakuumschalter |
WO2019145103A1 (de) * | 2018-01-29 | 2019-08-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum herstellen eines kontaktbauteils sowie kontaktbauteil, vakuumschaltröhre und schaltanlage |
DE102019216869A1 (de) | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Kontaktbolzen zum Abschirmen und Halten einer Kontaktscheibe, Vakuum-Schaltelement aufweisend eine Kontaktscheibe und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Kontaktbolzens |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102021210643A1 (de) | 2023-03-23 |
CN117999624A (zh) | 2024-05-07 |
EP4374406A1 (de) | 2024-05-29 |
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