WO2023045107A1 - 一种柔性干电极及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种柔性干电极及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2023045107A1
WO2023045107A1 PCT/CN2021/137314 CN2021137314W WO2023045107A1 WO 2023045107 A1 WO2023045107 A1 WO 2023045107A1 CN 2021137314 W CN2021137314 W CN 2021137314W WO 2023045107 A1 WO2023045107 A1 WO 2023045107A1
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polymer film
flexible
solution
metal nanowire
dry electrode
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张翊
刘青
杨良滔
梁栋
张志林
甘鹭
吴景龙
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
    • G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
    • G01N27/327—Biochemical electrodes, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of electrode preparation, in particular to a method for preparing a flexible dry electrode.
  • Ag/AgCl wet electrodes are widely used to collect bioelectrical signals due to their excellent electrical properties, however, certain disadvantages greatly limit the use of these electrodes, especially in long-term monitoring.
  • the first is that Ag/AgCl electrodes require skin preparation, such as hair cutting, decontamination, and electrolytic gel coating, which is time-consuming.
  • conductive gels may dehydrate and coagulate after prolonged use, which may increase detection noise and degrade signal quality. Additionally, the gel has been observed to potentially cause allergic reactions or skin irritation in patients. Due to the hard texture of the overall material of the electrode system, the biocompatibility is poor. The adhesion to the scalp is poor, and micro-movement between the electrode cap and the scalp is easy to occur during use, which directly leads to the loss of signal acquisition and motion artifacts.
  • the present invention proposes a method for preparing a flexible dry electrode, which solves or at least partially solves the technical defects existing in the prior art.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a method for preparing a flexible dry electrode comprising the following steps:
  • the metal nanowire-polymer film is reacted in a noble metal salt solution to obtain a flexible dry electrode.
  • the preparation method of the flexible dry electrode, the preparation method of the flexible pre-PDMS mixture is specifically: mixing the PDMS prepolymer, curing agent and additives and then stirring to obtain the flexible PDMS mixture;
  • the preparation method of the metal nanowire solution is as follows: adding the metal nanowire into the alcohol solution to obtain the metal nanowire solution;
  • the noble metal in the noble metal salt solution includes one of palladium, platinum and gold.
  • the dispersant includes Triton X100, and the mass ratio of the PDMS prepolymer, curing agent and additive is 10:1:(0.03-0.05).
  • the metal nanowires include silver nanowires or copper nanowires, and the concentration of the metal nanowire solution is 5 mg/ml.
  • the flexible PDMS mixture is coated on the substrate, and the polymer film is formed after curing. on the substrate for 40-120 seconds, and cured at 25-40° C. for 15-24 hours to obtain a polymer film.
  • the preparation method of the flexible dry electrode after placing the metal nanowire-polymer film in the noble metal salt solution for reaction, it also includes placing the reacted metal nanowire-polymer film in an ammonia solution in React at 70-80°C for 3-10 minutes to obtain a flexible dry electrode.
  • the preparation method of the flexible dry electrode further includes: heating the metal nanowire-polymer film to remove the alcohol solution before placing the metal nanowire-polymer film in the noble metal salt solution for reaction, the Alcoholic solutions include ethanol or isopropanol.
  • the metal nanowire-polymer film is reacted in a noble metal salt solution, wherein the reaction temperature is 60-120° C., and the reaction time is 45-120 min.
  • the present invention also provides a flexible dry electrode prepared by the preparation method.
  • a method for preparing a flexible dry electrode of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the preparation method of the flexible dry electrode of the present invention by coating the flexible PDMS mixture on the substrate, forming a polymer film after curing, then immersing the polymer film in the dopamine hydrochloride solution, and then adding the metal nanowire solution Coated on a polymer film to obtain a metal nanowire-polymer film; then place the metal nanowire-polymer film in a noble metal salt solution, and use the displacement reaction between the noble metal salt solution and the metal nanowire to generate noble metal nanotubes ; Since the present invention uses a flexible PDMS mixture, the resulting polymer film is a flexible film, which has good biocompatibility, good adhesion to the scalp, and reduces the influence of motion artifacts during use.
  • the prepared flexible dry electrode has good fit and wearing comfort;
  • the preparation method of the flexible dry electrode of the present invention adopts PDMS prepolymers to generate PDMS polymer films.
  • PDMS not only has the characteristics of flexibility, but also has excellent biocompatibility.
  • Silver nanotubes, platinum nanotubes (Pt NTs) has excellent conductivity, and the prepared flexible dry electrode does not require skin preparation or the use of conductive gel, which saves time and avoids the risk of allergy and skin irritation;
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic flow chart of the preparation method of flexible dry electrode of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the preparation method of the flexible dry electrode in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a flexible dry electrode, as shown in Figure 1, including the following steps:
  • the flexible PDMS mixture is coated on the substrate, and the polymer film is formed after curing, and then the polymer film is peeled off from the substrate.
  • the polymer film is peeled from the substrate.
  • the pDA layer is polydopamine, its function is to make the hydrophobic polymer film (PDMS film) hydrophilic and increase the adhesion between PDMS and metal nanowires;
  • the substrate can be a glass slide, a glass substrate, or the like.
  • step S3 before coating the flexible PDMS mixture on the substrate in step S3, it also includes: placing the substrate in acetone, ethanol and deionized solution for ultrasonic cleaning, each cleaning process is ultrasonic for 10 minutes, and then ultrasonically cleaning base to dry.
  • the preparation method of the flexible PDMS mixture in step S1 is specifically: mixing the PDMS prepolymer, curing agent and additives and then stirring to obtain the flexible PDMS mixture.
  • the PDMS prepolymer and curing agent here are prepolymers and curing agents commonly used in the market, and this application does not improve its specific components.
  • the preparation method of the metal nanowire solution is as follows: adding the metal nanowire into the alcohol solution to obtain the metal nanowire solution.
  • the noble metal in the noble metal salt solution includes one of palladium, platinum, and gold.
  • the noble metal salt can use ethylenediamine platinum chloride, sodium chloroplatinate, ethylenediamine complexes of gold, etc. , correspondingly, palladium nanotubes, platinum nanotubes (Pt NTs) and gold nanotubes were grown on polymer films.
  • the additive includes Triton X100, and the mass ratio of PDMS prepolymer, curing agent and added powder is 10:1:(0.03-0.05).
  • the flexible polymer can also use PI (polyimide), polyurethane, and the like.
  • Additives such as Triton X100 can be used.
  • PDMS prepolymers are used to generate PDMS polymer films.
  • PDMS not only has the characteristics of flexibility, but also has excellent biocompatibility.
  • Platinum nanotubes (Pt NTs) have excellent electrical conductivity.
  • the flexible dry electrode requires no skin preparation and no conductive gel, which saves time and avoids the risk of allergies and skin irritation.
  • the metal nanowires include silver nanowires or copper nanowires, and the concentration of the metal nanowire solution is 5 mg/ml.
  • the silver nanowires (Ag NWs) have a diameter of 45-120nm and a length of 20-50um.
  • the metal nanowire-polymer film is placed in the noble metal salt solution to undergo the following reaction:
  • platinum nanotubes Pt NTs
  • the flexible PDMS mixture is coated on the substrate, and the polymer film is formed after curing.
  • the flexible PDMS mixture is coated on the substrate at a speed of 400-800rpm for 40-120s, and the polymer film is formed at 25 Curing at ⁇ 40°C for 15-24 hours to obtain a polymer film.
  • the metal nanowire-polymer film after reacting the metal nanowire-polymer film in a noble metal salt solution, it also includes placing the reacted metal nanowire-polymer film in an ammonia solution at 70-80°C for 3- After 10 minutes, the flexible dry electrode was obtained.
  • the concentration of the ammonia solution is 0.1M
  • the reacted metal nanowire-polymer film reacts with ammonia water to remove the silver precipitate generated in the replacement reaction, such as AgCl
  • the specific reaction formula is as follows:
  • the metal nanowire-polymer film in the noble metal salt solution before reacting the metal nanowire-polymer film in the noble metal salt solution, it further includes: heating the metal nanowire-polymer film to remove the alcohol solution, and the alcohol solution includes ethanol or isopropanol.
  • the metal nanowire-polymer film is reacted in a noble metal salt solution, wherein the reaction temperature is 60-120° C., and the reaction time is 45-120 min.
  • the present application also provides a flexible dry electrode prepared by the above preparation method.
  • a method for preparing a flexible dry electrode comprising the following steps:
  • Fig. 2 has shown the schematic flow chart of preparing flexible dry electrode in embodiment 1, wherein, pDA/PDMS among Fig. 2 represents that in step S3, dopamine self-polymerizes in buffer solution and generates thin polymer (pDA) layer deposition PDMS polymer film surface .
  • pDA/PDMS among Fig. 2 represents that in step S3, dopamine self-polymerizes in buffer solution and generates thin polymer (pDA) layer deposition PDMS polymer film surface .

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种柔性干电极及其制备方法，该柔性干电极的制备方法，包括以下步骤：配制柔性PDMS混合物；提供基底；将柔性PDMS混合物涂覆在所述基底上，固化后形成聚合物膜，将聚合物膜剥离后置于多巴胺盐酸盐溶液中浸泡；配制金属纳米线溶液；将金属纳米线溶液涂覆于聚合物膜上，得到金属纳米线-聚合物膜；将金属纳米线-聚合物膜置于贵金属盐溶液中反应后即得柔性干电极。由于本发明采用柔性PDMS混合物，生成的聚合物膜为柔性膜，生物相容性好，与皮肤贴服性好，减少了使用过程中运动伪影的影响，非常适合人体电生理监测。

Description

一种柔性干电极及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电极制备技术领域，尤其涉及一种柔性干电极的制备方法。
背景技术
Ag/AgCl湿电极由于其出色的电性能，被广泛用于收集生物电信号，但是，某些缺点极大地限制了这些电极的使用，尤其是在长时间监控中。首先是Ag/AgCl电极需要皮肤准备，例如剪发，除污和电解凝胶涂层，这非常耗时。此外，长时间使用后，导电凝胶可能会脱水并凝结，这可能会增加检测噪声并降低信号质量。另外，已经观察到凝胶潜在地引起患者过敏反应或皮肤刺激。由于电极系统整体材料质地硬，生物相容性差。与头皮的贴服性差，使用过程中电极帽与头皮之间容易产生微移动，直接导致信号采集的丢失并会产生运动伪影。
基于目前的Ag/AgCl湿电极存在的缺陷，有必要对此进行改进。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提出了一种柔性干电极的制备方法，解决或至少部分解决现有技术中存在的技术缺陷。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用下述技术方案：
一种柔性干电极的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
配制柔性PDMS混合物；
提供基底；
将柔性PDMS混合物涂覆在所述基底上，固化后形成聚合物膜，将聚合物膜剥离后置于多巴胺盐酸盐溶液中浸泡；
配制金属纳米线溶液；
将金属纳米线溶液涂覆于聚合物膜上，得到金属纳米线-聚合物膜；
将金属纳米线-聚合物膜置于贵金属盐溶液中反应后即得柔性干电极。
优选的是，所述的柔性干电极的制备方法，所述柔性预PDMS混合物的配制方法具体为：将PDMS预聚物、固化剂和添加剂混合后搅拌即得柔性PDMS混合物；
和/或，所述金属纳米线溶液的配制方法具体为：将金属纳米线加入至醇溶液中即得金属纳米线溶液；
和/或，所述贵金属盐溶液中贵金属包括钯、铂、金中的一种。
优选的是，所述的柔性干电极的制备方法，所述分散剂包括Triton X100，所述PDMS预聚物、固化剂和添加剂的质量比为10:1:(0.03～0.05)。
优选的是，所述的柔性干电极的制备方法，所述金属纳米线包括银纳米线或铜纳米线，所述金属纳米线溶液的浓度为5mg/ml。
优选的是，所述的柔性干电极的制备方法，将柔性PDMS混合物涂覆在所述基底上，固化后形成聚合物膜具体为：将柔性PDMS混合物以400～800rpm的速度旋转涂覆在所述基底上40～120s，并于25～40℃下固化15～24h即得聚合物膜。
优选的是，所述的柔性干电极的制备方法，将金属纳米线-聚合物膜置于贵金属盐溶液中反应后，还包括将反应后的金属纳米线-聚合物膜置于氨水溶液中于70～80℃下反应3～10min，即得柔性干电极。
优选的是，所述的柔性干电极的制备方法，将金属纳米线-聚合物膜置于贵金属盐溶液中反应之前还包括：对金属纳米线-聚合物膜进行加热以除去醇溶液，所述醇溶液包括乙醇或异丙醇。
优选的是，所述的柔性干电极的制备方法，将金属纳米线-聚合物膜置于贵金属盐溶液中反应，其中反应温度为60～120℃，反应时间为45～120min。
第二方面，本发明还提供了一种柔性干电极，采用所述的制备方法制备得到。
本发明的一种柔性干电极的制备方法相对于现有技术具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明的柔性干电极的制备方法，通过将柔性PDMS混合物涂覆在基底上，固化后形成聚合物膜，再将聚合物膜浸入多巴胺盐酸盐溶液中，再将金属纳米线溶液涂覆在聚合物膜上，得到金属纳米线-聚合物膜；再将金属纳米线-聚合物膜置于贵金属盐溶液中，利用贵金属盐溶液与金属纳米线之间的置换反应生成贵金属纳米管；由于本发明采用柔性PDMS混合物，生成的聚合物膜为柔性膜，生物相容性好，与头皮贴服性好，减少了使用过程中运动伪影的影响，制备的柔性干电极具有良好的贴合性和佩戴舒适性；
(2)本发明的柔性干电极的制备方法，采用PDMS预聚物其生成PDMS聚合物膜，PDMS不仅具有柔性的特点，而且还具有着优良的生物相容性，银纳米管、铂纳米管(Pt NTs)具有优良的导电性，制备的柔性干电极无需进行皮肤准备，无需使用导电凝胶，节省了时间，规避了过敏和皮肤刺激的风险；
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的柔性干电极的制备方法的流程示意图；
图2为本发明实施例1中柔性干电极的制备方法示意图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。 下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能解释为对本申请的限制。
本申请实施例提供了一种柔性干电极的制备方法，如图1所示，包括以下步骤：
S1、配制柔性PDMS混合物；
S2、提供基底；
S3、将柔性PDMS混合物涂覆在基底上，固化后形成聚合物膜，将聚合物膜剥离后置于多巴胺盐酸盐溶液中浸泡；
S4、配制金属纳米线溶液；
S5、将金属纳米线溶液涂覆于聚合物膜上，得到金属纳米线-聚合物膜；
S6、将金属纳米线-聚合物膜置于贵金属盐溶液中反应后即得柔性干电极。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中柔性干电极的制备方法，通过将柔性PDMS混合物涂覆在基底上，固化后形成聚合物膜，然后将聚合物膜从基底上剥离，实际中为了方便将聚合物膜从基底上剥离，可先将固化形成有聚合物膜的基底放在丙酮中浸泡再进行剥离；再将聚合物膜浸入多巴胺盐酸盐溶液中，具体的，多巴胺盐酸盐溶液的浓度为50mM，浸泡时间为20～30h，多巴胺盐酸盐溶液的配制方法为：将多巴胺盐酸盐加入至1M,pH＝8.5的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液即得多巴胺盐酸盐溶液；当聚合物膜浸入多巴胺盐酸盐溶液中时，多巴胺在pH＝8.5的缓冲溶液中自聚合生成薄的聚合物(pDA)层，该聚合物(pDA)层自发地沉积在浸入的聚合物膜表面，聚合物(pDA)层即聚多巴胺，其作用是让疏水性的聚合物膜(即PDMS薄膜)具有亲水性，增加PDMS与金属纳米线的附着力；再将金属纳米线溶液涂覆在浸入多巴胺盐酸盐溶液中的聚合物膜上，得到金属纳米线-聚合物膜；再将金属纳米线-聚合物膜置于贵金属盐溶液中，利用贵金属盐溶液与金属纳米线之间的置换反应生成贵金属纳米管；由于本申请采用柔性PDMS混合物，生成的聚合物膜为柔性膜，生物相容性好，与头皮贴服性好，减少了使用过程中运动伪影的影响，制备的柔性干电极具有良好的贴合 性和佩戴舒适性。
在一些实施例中，基底可采用载玻片、玻璃基板等。
在一些实施例中，步骤S3中将柔性PDMS混合物涂覆在基底上之前还包括：将基底依次置于丙酮、乙醇和去离子中超声清洗，每个清洗工艺均超声10min，然后将超声清洗后的基底进行干燥。
在一些实施例中，步骤S1中柔性PDMS混合物的配制方法具体为：将PDMS预聚物、固化剂和添加剂混合后搅拌即得柔性PDMS混合物。这里的PDMS预聚物、固化剂均为市场上常用的预聚物和固化剂，本申请并未对其具体成分进行改进。
在一些实施例中，金属纳米线溶液的配制方法具体为：将金属纳米线加入至醇溶液中即得金属纳米线溶液。
在一些实施例中，贵金属盐溶液中贵金属包括钯、铂、金中的一种，具体的，贵金属盐可采用乙二胺氯化铂、氯铂酸钠、金的乙二胺络合物等，对应的，在聚合物膜上生成钯纳米管、铂纳米管(Pt NTs)以及金纳米管。
在一些实施例中，添加剂包括Triton X100，PDMS预聚物、固化剂和添加散剂的质量比为10:1:(0.03～0.05)。具体的，柔性聚合物除了采用PDMS(聚二甲基硅氧烷)，还可以采用PI(聚酰亚胺)、聚氨酯等。添加剂可采用Triton X100等。本申请实施例中，采用PDMS预聚物其生成PDMS聚合物膜，PDMS不仅具有柔性的特点，而且还具有着优良的生物相容性，铂纳米管(Pt NTs)具有优良的导电性，制备的柔性干电极无需进行皮肤准备，无需使用导电凝胶，这就节省了时间，规避了过敏和皮肤刺激的风险。
在一些实施例中，金属纳米线包括银纳米线或铜纳米线，所述金属纳米线溶液的浓度为5mg/ml。具体的，银纳米线(Ag NWs)的直径为45～120nm，长度20～50um。
具体的，若使用的贵金属盐为乙二胺氯化铂，使用的金属纳米线溶液为银纳米线，则将金属纳米线-聚合物膜置于贵金属盐溶液中发生以下反应：
[PtC 2H 4(NH 2) 2]Cl 2+2Ag→Pt+2AgCl+C 2H 4(NH 2) 2
即乙二胺氯化铂与银纳米线之间的置换反应生成铂纳米管(Pt NTs)。
在一些实施例中，将柔性PDMS混合物涂覆在基底上，固化后形成聚合物膜具体为：将柔性PDMS混合物以400～800rpm的速度旋转涂覆在所述基底上40～120s，并于25～40℃下固化15～24h即得聚合物膜。
在一些实施例中，将金属纳米线-聚合物膜置于贵金属盐溶液中反应后，还包括将反应后的金属纳米线-聚合物膜置于氨水溶液中于70～80℃下反应3～10min，即得柔性干电极。在本申请实施例中，氨水溶液的浓度为0.1M，反应后的金属纳米线-聚合物膜与氨水反应可除去置换反应中生成的银沉淀物，比如AgCl，具体反应式如下：
AgCl+NH 3→[Ag(NH 3) 2] ++Cl -
在一些实施例中，将金属纳米线-聚合物膜置于贵金属盐溶液中反应之前还包括：对金属纳米线-聚合物膜进行加热以除去醇溶液，醇溶液包括乙醇或异丙醇。
在一些实施例中，将金属纳米线-聚合物膜置于贵金属盐溶液中反应，其中反应温度为60～120℃，反应时间为45～120min。
基于同一发明构思，本申请还提供了一种柔性干电极，采用上述的制备方法制备得到。
以下进一步以具体实施例说明本申请的柔性干电极的制备方法
实施例1
一种柔性干电极的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将PDMS预聚物、固化剂和Triton X100按照质量比为10:1:0.04的比例混合并搅拌30分钟，然后倒入培养皿中抽真空15分钟得到柔性PDMS混合物；
S2、提供玻璃基板，将玻璃基板依次置于丙酮、乙醇和去离子中超声清洗， 每个清洗工艺均超声10min，然后将超声清洗后的玻璃基板干燥；
S3、将柔性PDMS混合物以500rpm的速度旋转涂覆在玻璃基板上60秒钟，于室温下固化24h，得到PDMS聚合物膜，将PDMS聚合物膜剥离后，浸入50mM多巴胺盐酸盐溶液中24h，(溶剂为1M,pH＝8.5的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液)；
S4、将银纳米线(Ag NWs)加入至乙醇中使其浓度为5mg/mL，得到银纳米线溶液；银纳米线直径为120nm，长度为45um；
S5、将S3中经过多巴胺盐酸盐溶液中浸泡的PDMS聚合物膜使用水洗涤，并干燥，再将银纳米线溶液滴加在干燥后的PDMS聚合物膜表面，静置1min，然后以400rpm的转速旋转5秒钟，以除去过量的银纳米线(Ag NWs)溶液，得到Ag NWs/PDMS聚合物膜，再将Ag NWs/PDMS聚合物膜转移到加热器上以蒸发乙醇；
S6、再将Ag NWs/PDMS聚合物膜浸入5mM的乙二胺氯化铂溶液中，在90℃下反应90分钟，在聚合物膜表面生成铂纳米管(Pt NTs)，得到Pt NTs/PDMS聚合物膜；
S7、将S6中得到的Pt NTs/PDMS聚合物膜加入至0.1M氨水中，于75℃下反应5min除去AgCl沉淀，然后用水清洗，最后用N 2吹干，即得到柔性干电极。
图2显示了实施例1中制备柔性干电极的流程示意图，其中，图2中pDA/PDMS表示步骤S3中多巴胺在缓冲溶液中自聚合生成薄的聚合物(pDA)层沉积PDMS聚合物膜表面。
以上所述仅是本申请的部分实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本申请的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种柔性干电极的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    配制柔性PDMS混合物；
    提供基底；
    将柔性PDMS混合物涂覆在所述基底上，固化后形成聚合物膜，将聚合物膜剥离后置于多巴胺盐酸盐溶液中浸泡；
    配制金属纳米线溶液；
    将金属纳米线溶液涂覆于聚合物膜上，得到金属纳米线-聚合物膜；
    将金属纳米线-聚合物膜置于贵金属盐溶液中反应后即得柔性干电极。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的柔性干电极的制备方法，其特征在于，所述柔性预PDMS混合物的配制方法具体为：将PDMS预聚物、固化剂和添加剂混合后搅拌即得柔性PDMS混合物；
    和/或，所述金属纳米线溶液的配制方法具体为：将金属纳米线加入至醇溶液中即得金属纳米线溶液；
    和/或，所述贵金属盐溶液中贵金属包括钯、铂、金中的一种。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的柔性干电极的制备方法，其特征在于，所述添加剂包括Triton X100，所述PDMS预聚物、固化剂和添加剂的质量比为10:1:(0.03～0.05)。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的柔性干电极的制备方法，其特征在于，所述金属纳米线包括银纳米线或铜纳米线，所述金属纳米线溶液的浓度为5mg/ml。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的柔性干电极的制备方法，其特征在于，将柔性PDMS混合物涂覆在所述基底上，固化后形成聚合物膜具体为：将柔性PDMS混合物以400～800rpm的速度旋转涂覆在所述基底上40～120s，并于25-40℃下固化15-24h即得聚合物膜。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的柔性干电极的制备方法，其特征在于，将金属纳米线-聚合物膜置于贵金属盐溶液中反应后，还包括将反应后的金属纳米线-聚合 物膜置于氨水溶液中于70～80℃下反应3～10min，即得柔性干电极。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的柔性干电极的制备方法，其特征在于，将金属纳米线-聚合物膜置于贵金属盐溶液中反应之前还包括：对金属纳米线-聚合物膜进行加热以除去醇溶液，所述醇溶液包括乙醇或异丙醇。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的柔性干电极的制备方法，其特征在于，将金属纳米线-聚合物膜置于贵金属盐溶液中反应，其中反应温度为60～120℃，反应时间为45～120min。
  9. 一种柔性干电极，其特征在于，采用如权利要求1～8任一所述的制备方法制备得到。
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