WO2023042872A1 - 癌の治療及び/又は予防のための医薬品 - Google Patents
癌の治療及び/又は予防のための医薬品 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a drug for treating and/or preventing cancer, characterized by separately administering a cancer antigen and an immunostimulator.
- cancer vaccines have been attempted in which cancer antigens (proteins, peptide fragments thereof, etc.) that are specifically expressed in cancer cells are administered to induce immune responses against cancer cells in vivo. .
- cancer antigens proteins, peptide fragments thereof, etc.
- immune memory is established in the body, so it is expected to be effective in preventing recurrence.
- Provenge a dendritic cell vaccine for prostate cancer
- Imygic an oncolytic virus preparation for metastatic melanoma
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 a technique has been reported for an antigen-adjuvant particle complex in which an antigen is encapsulated in adjuvant particles made of an amphipathic polymer in which the hydrophobic segment is poly(hydroxy acid) and the hydrophilic segment is polysaccharide.
- Patent Document 2 describes that an antitumor effect is exhibited by using a conjugated antigen expressed in cancer, and application of the particulate adjuvant as a therapeutic drug for cancer is expected.
- Patent Document 1 In clinical practice, in order to increase the effectiveness of cancer therapeutic drugs, a treatment method that uses multiple cancer therapeutic drugs in combination is used as a standard treatment method. Regarding the particulate adjuvant described above, Patent Document 1 also describes that the immunostimulatory ability thereof is enhanced by mixing it with an immunostimulator.
- an object of the present invention is to establish a technique for enhancing the therapeutic and preventive effects of cancer in pharmaceuticals that combine a particulate adjuvant and an immunostimulator.
- an amphipathic amphipathic compound having a hydrophobic segment of poly(hydroxy acid) and a hydrophilic segment of polysaccharide, which is promising as a particulate adjuvant for the treatment or prevention of cancer.
- particles containing a polymer and a cancer antigen hereinafter often referred to as "particles" in this specification
- the present invention was completed based on the discovery that antitumor effects are exhibited.
- the present invention has the following configurations (1) to (15). (1) that particles comprising an amphipathic polymer whose hydrophobic segment is poly(hydroxy acid) and hydrophilic segment is polysaccharide and a cancer antigen and an immunostimulator are used to be administered separately; A medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of cancer, characterized in that: (1-1) Treating and/or preventing cancer, comprising a particle containing an amphipathic polymer having a hydrophobic segment of poly(hydroxy acid) and a hydrophilic segment of polysaccharide, a cancer antigen, and an immune activator , wherein said use is characterized in that administration of said particles and administration of said immunostimulator are carried out separately.
- the immune activation factor binds to Toll-like receptor (TLR), NOD-like receptor (NLR), RIG-like receptor, C-type lectin receptor (CLR) or interferon gene stimulator (STING);
- the drug according to (2), wherein the ligand or agonist that binds to Toll-like receptor (TLR) is a ligand or agonist that binds to TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9 or TLR11. .
- TLR Toll-like receptor
- a ligand or agonist that binds to TLR2 selected from the group consisting of peptidoglycan, lipoprotein, lipopolysaccharide and zymosan;
- a ligand or agonist that binds to TLR4 selected from the group consisting of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), HSP60, RS09 and MPLA;
- a ligand or agonist that binds to TLR7 or 8 selected from the group consisting of imidazoquinoline compounds and single-stranded RNA;
- bacterial DNA unmethylated CpG DNA, hemoz
- the cancer is basal cell carcinoma, Budget's disease, skin cancer, breast cancer, renal cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, brain tumor, gastric cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, esophageal cancer, leukemia (1)- (12) The drug according to any one of the items.
- amphipathic polymer according to the present invention wherein the hydrophobic segment is poly(hydroxy acid) and the hydrophilic segment is polysaccharide, particles comprising a cancer antigen, and an immunostimulator to be administered separately, It exhibits a remarkable anti-tumor effect and is effective in the treatment and prevention of cancer.
- FIG. 1 shows the results of 1 H-NMR measurement of dextran-PLGA.
- Fig. 3 shows the results of GPC measurements of black yeast glucan- NH2 and black yeast glucan-PLGA.
- 1 shows the results of 1 H-NMR measurement of black yeast glucan-PLGA.
- FIG. 2 depicts the results of DLS measurements of OVA-containing dextran particles.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of DLS measurements of OVA-containing black yeast glucan particles.
- the present invention is used such that a particle comprising an amphiphilic polymer whose hydrophobic segment is a poly(hydroxy acid) and a hydrophilic segment is a polysaccharide and a cancer antigen and an immunostimulator are administered separately. It is characterized by inducing strong immune activation by The type of immune response elicited by the medicament of the invention is not limited. Types of immune response include Th1-type immune response and Th2-type immune response, and it is known that either type of immune response is predominantly induced depending on the type of antigen, administration site, administration method, and type of immune activation factor combined with the particles. However, the present invention can generate both Th1 and Th2 type immune responses.
- the antitumor activity of the combination of particles containing an amphiphilic polymer having a poly(hydroxy acid) hydrophobic segment and a polysaccharide hydrophilic segment and a cancer antigen and an immunostimulator used in the present invention is described below. It can be evaluated by examining inhibition of tumor growth in tumor-bearing animals in vivo.
- amphipathic polymers that form particles together with cancer antigens will be explained.
- Amphipathic means having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.
- a site (segment) is said to be hydrophilic when its solubility in water is higher than that of other sites (segments).
- the hydrophilic portion is preferably soluble in water, but even if it is poorly soluble, it is sufficient if the solubility in water is higher than that of the other portions.
- the portion (segment) is said to be hydrophobic.
- the hydrophobic site is desirably insoluble in water, but even if it is soluble, it suffices if the solubility in water is lower than that of other sites.
- amphiphilic polymer is a polymer that has the above-mentioned amphipathic properties as a whole molecule.
- An amphipathic “polymer” indicates a molecular structure in which a hydrophilic segment or a hydrophobic segment, or both, in an amphiphilic molecule is composed of repeating structures of minimum units (monomers).
- the structure of the amphipathic polymer in the present invention is not particularly limited, and specific examples include a linear block-type polymer in which a polysaccharide and a poly(hydroxy acid) are linked, and a plurality of polysaccharides or poly(hydroxy acids).
- Branched polymers having branches, graft-type polymers consisting of a polysaccharide main chain and poly(hydroxy acid) side chains, and graft-type polymers consisting of a poly(hydroxy acid) main chain and polysaccharide side chains are preferred.
- the present invention is characterized in that the hydrophilic segment of the amphiphilic polymer is polysaccharide.
- Polysaccharides are not particularly limited, but specific examples include dextran, ⁇ -glucan, mannan, chitin, chitosan, gellan gum, alginic acid, hyaluronic acid or pullulan, preferably dextran or ⁇ -glucan.
- Glucan is a glucose-containing polysaccharide, and ⁇ -glucan contains one or more ⁇ -bonds between glucose subunits. That is, the ⁇ -glucan used in the present invention contains ⁇ -linkages, and may contain only ⁇ -linkages. Also, the ⁇ -glucan used in the present invention may be branched or linear. Preferred ⁇ -glucans include those containing one or more ⁇ -1,3 bonds and/or one or more ⁇ -1,6 bonds, and those containing one or more ⁇ -1,2 bonds and/or ⁇ - 1,4 bonds, but more preferably those containing one or more ⁇ -1,3 bonds and/or one or more ⁇ -1,6 bonds, and one or more ⁇ -1, Those containing 3 bonds are more preferred.
- ⁇ -glucans containing one or more ⁇ -1,3 linkages include curdlan, pachyman, laminaran, lichenan, schizophyllan, lentinan, scleroglucan, black yeast glucan (preferably black yeast-derived ⁇ -1,3 glucan or ⁇ -1,6 glucan) or pachymaran, preferably curdlan, pachyman, laminaran, schizophyllan, scleroglucan, black yeast glucan or pachymaran.
- Linear ⁇ -glucans containing one or more ⁇ -1,3 bonds include ⁇ -glucans mainly composed of ⁇ -1,3 bonds (eg, curdlan and pachyman), and ⁇ -1,3 bonds and Examples include ⁇ -glucans composed of ⁇ -bonds other than ⁇ -1,3-bonds (eg, laminaran and lichenan).
- Branched ⁇ -glucans containing one or more ⁇ -1,3 bonds include ⁇ -glucans composed of ⁇ -1,3 and ⁇ -1,6 bonds (e.g., schizophyllan, lentinan, scleroglucan, , black yeast glucan).
- the ⁇ -glucan used in the present invention may be a derivatized ⁇ -glucan.
- derivatization include addition reactions of carboxymethyl groups and oxidative cleavage reactions.
- derivatized ⁇ -glucans include carboxymethyl curdlan in which a carboxymethyl group is added to curdlan and pachymaran in which pachyman is cleaved.
- the number average molecular weight of the polysaccharide is not particularly limited, it is preferably 500 to 100,000, more preferably 500 to 50,000, still more preferably 1,000 to 10,000, such as 1,000 to 9. ,000, 1,000-8,000, 1,000-7,000, 1,000-6,000, 1,000-5,000, 1,000-4,000, 1,000-3,000 is.
- the number average molecular weight is an average molecular weight calculated by a method (simple average) that does not consider weighting of molecular size, and the number average molecular weight of polysaccharides can be determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the hydrophobic segment of the amphiphilic polymer is characterized by being poly(hydroxy acid).
- poly(hydroxy acid) is not particularly limited, it is preferably a biocompatible polymer that does not have significant harmful effects when administered to the body.
- biocompatibility means that the polymer has an LD50 of 2,000 mg/kg or more when orally administered to rats.
- the poly(hydroxy acid) may also be a copolymer of more than one hydroxy acid, but preferably no more than two hydroxy acids.
- poly(hydroxy acids) include polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, poly(2-hydroxybutyric acid), poly(2-hydroxyvaleric acid), poly(2-hydroxycaproic acid), poly(2-hydroxy capric acid), poly (malic acid), or derivatives and copolymers of these polymer compounds, preferably poly (lactic acid-glycolic acid), polylactic acid or polyglycolic acid, more preferably poly ( lactic acid-glycolic acid).
- the composition ratio (lactic acid/glycolic acid) (mol/mol) of poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) achieves the object of the present invention. It is not particularly limited as long as it is 99/1 to 1/99, preferably 80/20 to 20/80, such as 60/40 to 40/60 or 50/50.
- the number average molecular weight of the poly(hydroxy acid) moiety in the amphiphilic polymer of the present invention is not particularly limited, it is preferably 500 to 1,000,000, more preferably 500 to 100,000, and still more preferably. is 7,000-50,000, 7,000-50,000, 7,000-40,000, 7,000-30,000, 7,000-20,000, 7,000-15,000, 7 ,000 to 13,000 and 7,000 to 12,000.
- the number average molecular weight of poly(hydroxy acid) is obtained from the difference between the number average molecular weight of an amphiphilic polymer whose hydrophobic segment is poly(hydroxy acid) and whose hydrophilic segment is polysaccharide and the number average molecular weight of polysaccharide.
- the number average molecular weight of the amphiphilic polymer constituting the particles is not particularly limited, it is preferably 1,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 1,000 to 100,000, still more preferably 9, 000 to 50,000, 9,000 to 50,000, 9,000 to 40,000, 9,000 to 30,000, 9,000 to 20,000, 9,000 to 15,000.
- the number average molecular weight of the amphiphilic polymer is determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- Amphiphilic polymers may be produced by known methods, specifically, a method of adding poly(hydroxy acid) to polysaccharide and performing a condensation reaction, and a method of adding a hydroxy acid-activated monomer to polysaccharide and performing a polymerization reaction.
- An example is the method of performing and manufacturing.
- amphiphilic polymer when it is a linear block-type polymer in which a polysaccharide and a poly(hydroxy acid) are linked, it may be produced by a known method.
- a method of producing a poly(hydroxy acid) copolymer by condensing it with an activating agent for a terminal functional group [Macromol. Rapid Commun. , 31, p. 1664-1684 (2010)].
- amphipathic polymer is a graft-type polymer consisting of a polysaccharide main chain and a poly(hydroxy acid) side chain
- it can be produced as in the following (1), (2) or (3). can.
- the amphipathic polymer is preferably water-insoluble as a whole so as not to be quickly excreted in the body in order to maintain its immunostimulatory action over a long period of time.
- water-insoluble as used herein means that the solubility in water is 1 g (amphiphilic polymer)/100 ml (water) or less.
- the amphiphilic polymer may be a modified amphiphilic polymer to which a desired function is imparted by modifying with a functional compound.
- it may be a modified amphiphilic polymer in which an immunostimulator described later is bound to the amphiphilic polymer by a known method in order to enhance the immunostimulatory action.
- a "cancer antigen” in the present invention is an antigen that can be used as a medicine or vaccine for the purpose of treating and/or preventing cancer by inducing an immune response in vivo.
- particles containing the amphiphilic polymer of the present invention and cancer antigens as active ingredients, immune responses induced by cancer antigens can be enhanced.
- the cancer antigen contained in the particles of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the object of the present invention is achieved.
- cancer antigens include peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, glycolipids, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and viruses, fungi, tissues, and cells containing these.
- a model cancer antigen such as ovalbumin (OVA) is forcibly expressed in cancer cells.
- OVA ovalbumin
- An experimental system to act on may be used, and the cancer antigens mentioned here also include such model cancer antigens.
- the number of cancer antigens contained in the particles of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be one type or two or more types.
- a particle composed of an amphiphilic polymer and an antigen, which is one of the active ingredients of the present invention, may contain additional components other than the cancer antigen and the amphiphilic polymer.
- additional components include well-known lipids as constituents of liposomes and lipid nanoparticles, which are particles capable of encapsulating antigens such as cancer antigens. Since a sufficient expected effect can be obtained without using lipid as a component other than the constituent cancer antigen, it is preferable not to include lipid as an additional component constituting the particles.
- the structure of the particles composed of the amphipathic polymer and the cancer antigen, which are one of the active ingredients of the present invention, is not particularly limited, but the particles are complexes of the amphipathic polymer and the cancer antigen, and therefore constitute the particles.
- a structure in which the hydrophilic segment of the amphiphilic polymer is on the inside of the particle and the hydrophobic segment is on the outer layer of the particle is preferable because the cancer antigen can be encapsulated in the particle and more stably retained.
- the method for producing the particles is not particularly limited, and includes a liquid drying method, a spray drying method, a pulverization method, and the like, but the particles in the present invention are preferably produced by the liquid drying method.
- Examples of methods for producing particles by the in-liquid drying method include the O/W emulsion method, the W/O/W emulsion method, and the S/O/W emulsion method.
- An example of the production of particles by the O/W emulsion method is a water-immiscible organic solvent in which amphipathic polymer powder constituting the particles is dissolved, and an aqueous solution in which a surface modifier and a cancer antigen are dissolved. to prepare an O/W emulsion solution, and removing the water-immiscible organic solvent from the O/W emulsion solution to obtain particles.
- an aqueous solvent in which a cancer antigen is dissolved is mixed with a water-immiscible organic solvent in which an amphiphilic polymer powder constituting the particles is dissolved.
- preparing a W/O emulsion solution mixing the W/O emulsion solution and an aqueous surface modifier solution to prepare a W/O/W emulsion solution; It can be produced by removing the solvent to obtain the particles.
- an aqueous solvent in which a cancer antigen is dissolved is mixed with a water-immiscible organic solvent in which an amphiphilic polymer powder constituting the particles is dissolved.
- the antigen content in the particles is preferably 0.01 to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight.
- Methods for quantifying the antigen content include extracting the antigen from the particles using an organic solvent and quantifying the extract by gel electrophoresis or liquid chromatography.
- the surface modifier used for particle preparation is preferably a water-soluble polymer or surfactant.
- the water-soluble polymer referred to here is a polymer compound having a solubility in water of 1 g (water-soluble polymer)/100 ml (water) or more.
- the water-immiscible organic solvent used for particle preparation is preferably one in which the amphiphilic polymer is soluble and the polysaccharide is poorly soluble or insoluble.
- the solubility of the water-immiscible organic solvent in water is preferably 30 g (water-immiscible organic solvent)/100 ml (water) or less.
- Specific examples of water-immiscible organic solvents include ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methylene chloride, and chloroform.
- the aqueous solvent used for particle preparation is an aqueous solution containing water and optionally water-soluble components.
- water-soluble component include inorganic salts, sugars, organic salts, amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and the like.
- the surface of the particles may be bound with the surface modifier used in the manufacturing process.
- the bond here may be a non-covalent bond or a covalent bond.
- the non-covalent bond is preferably a hydrophobic interaction, but may be an ionic bond (electrostatic interaction), a hydrogen bond, a coordinate bond, a van der Waals bond, a physical adsorption, or a combination of these good.
- the average particle diameter of the particles is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m, still more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m, for example 0.2 ⁇ m. ⁇ 0.9 ⁇ m, 0.3 ⁇ m to 0.8 ⁇ m, 0.4 ⁇ m to 0.7 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size referred to here can be determined by the cumulant method using a dynamic light scattering device (DLS: for example, Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd., ELS-Z).
- Treatment means treatment of cancer based on the aforementioned antitumor effect.
- prevention means not only prevention of cancer development but also prevention of metastasis or recurrence of cancer.
- tumor and cancer refer to malignant neoplasms and are used interchangeably.
- the method of administering the particles to a living body is not particularly limited, but examples include subcutaneous administration, intradermal administration, intramuscular administration, nasal administration, pulmonary administration, and oral administration. Administration, transdermal administration, sublingual administration, vaginal administration, intraperitoneal administration, lymph node administration, etc., preferably intradermal administration or subcutaneous administration.
- an administration method different from the administration of the immunostimulator described below is preferably selected.
- the particles when administering an immunostimulator to a tumor site, the particles can be administered subcutaneously.
- the dosage of the particles is appropriately set depending on the administration method and the number of administrations.
- the dose should be selected in the range of 0.0001 mg to 1000 mg per kg of body weight per dose. is possible.
- the dosage can be selected in the range of 0.001 mg/body to 100,000 mg/body per patient, or, for example, 1 mg to 30 mg per kg of the patient's body weight, but is not necessarily limited to these numerical values. do not have.
- the dose and administration method vary depending on the body weight, age, sex, symptoms, etc. of the patient, but can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art.
- the immune activation factor which is one of the active ingredients of the present invention, will be explained.
- the term “immunoactivator” as used herein means a substance that activates one or more types of immune cells and that can maintain and enhance the immune function of the cells.
- the term “immune cells” as used herein includes, for example, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, granulocytes, macrophages, myeloid-derived inhibitory cells, Langerhance cells and their progenitor cells, tumors It is the immune cell group that resides within.
- the immune activation factor used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and specific examples include Toll-like receptor (TLR), NOD-like receptor (NLR), RIG-like receptor, C-type lectin receptor (CLR) or Ligands or agonists that bind to interferon gene stimulating factor (STING), preferably ligands or agonists that bind to TLRs.
- TLR Toll-like receptor
- NLR NOD-like receptor
- RIG-like receptor C-type lectin receptor
- STING interferon gene stimulating factor
- TLRs include TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9 or TLR11, and specific examples of ligands or agonists that bind to them include the following (i) to (vii). be done.
- a ligand or agonist that binds to TLR2 selected from the group consisting of peptidoglycan, lipoprotein, lipopolysaccharide and zymosan;
- a ligand or agonist that binds to TLR3 selected from the group consisting of poly(I:C) and poly(A:U);
- a ligand or agonist that binds to TLR4 selected from the group consisting of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), HSP60, RS09 and MPLA.
- a ligand or agonist that binds to TLR7 or 8 selected from the group consisting of imidazoquinoline class compounds and single-stranded RNA
- a ligand or agonist that binds to TLR9 selected from the group consisting of bacterial DNA, unmethylated CpG DNA, hemozorin, ODN1585, ODN1668 and ODN1826.
- a ligand or agonist that binds to TLR11 selected from the group consisting of profilin and uropathogenic bacteria
- the immune activation factor is preferably a ligand or agonist that binds to TLR3, or a ligand or agonist that binds to TLR7 or / and 8, more preferably the following (ii) or (v) ligand or is an agonist.
- the (ii) ligand or agonist that binds to TLR3 selected from the group consisting of Poly(I:C) and Poly(A:U) is preferably Poly(I:C).
- Poly(I:C) is a double-stranded RNA formed by an RNA strand consisting only of inosine as a base and an RNA strand consisting only of cytidine as a base.
- the chain length of Poly(I:C) used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the imidazoquinoline compound (v) is not particularly limited as long as it binds to TLR7 or TLR8, but preferred specific examples include, for example, the compounds described in US Pat. for example 4-amino-2-(ethoxymethyl)-a,a-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline-1-ethanol (Resiquimod (R848)), 1 -(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline-4-amine (Imiquimod), 1-(4-amino-2-ethylaminomethylimidazo-[4,5-c]quinoline-1-yl) -2-methylpropan-2-ol (Gardiquimod), N-[4-(4-amino-2-ethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl)butyl-]methanesulfonamide (PF-4878691 ), 4-amino-aa-dimethyl-2-methylethyl-1H-
- Imiquimod is more preferred, and imiquimod is a compound with a molecular weight of about 240.3 represented by CAS number 99011-02-6.
- the IUPAC name for imiquimod is 4-amino-1-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline, alternative descriptions are R837, S-26308, 1-(2-METHYLPROPYL)- 1H-IMIDAZO[4,5-C]QUINOLIN-4-AMINE; 4-amino-1-isobutyl-1h-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline, 1-isoButyl-1H-Inudazole[4.5-c] quinoline-4-amine; represented by 1-(2-Methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine.
- ligands or agonists that bind to NOD-like receptors include M-TriDAP and PGN.
- Other examples include ligands or agonists for NOD1, such as Tri-DAP, iE-DAP, C12-iE.
- ligands or agonists for NOD2 such as MDP, N-glycosyl-MDP, Murabutide, M-TriLyS-D-ASN, M-TriLYS, L18-MDP.
- ligands or agonists that bind to RIG-like receptors include 5'ppp-dsRNA, poly (dA: dT), poly (dG: dC), and poly (I: C).
- CLR C-type lectin receptors
- Ligands or agonists that bind to interferon gene stimulating factor include c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP, 2'3'-cGAMP, 3'3'-cGAMP or 2'2'-cGAMP. be done.
- Imiquimod may be obtained by chemical synthesis by a method known to those skilled in the art, but commercially available pharmaceuticals may also be used.
- the dosage form for administering imiquimod to a patient is preferably a transdermal administration type, preferably a cream type formulation.
- pharmaceuticals containing imiquimod as an active ingredient "Veselna Cream 5%” in Japan and "Aldara (registered trademark) Cream, 5%” in Europe and the United States are marketed. When using imiquimod in the present invention, these pharmaceuticals are attached. It can be administered according to the documented dosage and administration.
- the term “combination” or “combination” means that the particles and the immunostimulator are administered to the same living body at the same time or at predetermined intervals as independent preparations (that is, separately). refers to The interval between one administration and the other administration is not particularly limited. The interval may be co-administration with one administration, 30 minutes after one administration, or 1 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, It may be 7 days, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, or 4 weeks. At least one of the particles and the immunostimulator is preferably administered when it can exhibit its activity in vivo. Moreover, it is preferable that the other is administered before the previously administered particle or immunostimulator loses its activity in vivo. Also, the particles may be administered first, and the immunostimulatory factor may be administered first.
- the term "combination drug” refers to a drug containing multiple independent formulations for combined use as described above.
- the combination drug of the present invention is a drug for treatment and/or prevention, and contains the particles and the immunostimulator as separate preparations.
- the use of the combination pharmaceutical of the present invention is preferably characterized in that the administration of the particles and the administration of the immunostimulator are carried out separately by different administration methods.
- the treatment and/or prevention using the combination pharmaceutical of the present invention conforms to the methods for treatment and/or prevention of cancer described below.
- the method of administering the immunostimulatory factor is not particularly limited as long as the object of the present invention is achieved, but it is preferably an administration route different from that of the particles, and is preferably administered locally to the tumor.
- the administration route may be oral or parenteral, and specific dosage forms include injection dosage forms, nasal dosage forms, pulmonary dosage forms, transdermal dosage forms and the like.
- Injectable dosage forms can be administered systemically or locally by, for example, intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous injection, intratumoral injection, etc., preferably by intratumoral injection.
- transdermal administration forms are those called liniments or topical drugs.
- External medicines include solids, liquids, sprays, ointments, creams, and gels, and are preferably transdermally administered as creams.
- the administration method used for local administration to the tumor is not particularly limited as long as the active ingredient can reach the subject's tumor without going through the systemic circulation. For example, it suffices if the active ingredient can be retained in the tumor or in the periphery of the tumor.
- administration by injection such as intratumoral injection, subcutaneous injection into the skin around the tumor, and transdermal administration such as application of topical drugs to the surface of the skin around the tumor are used as local administration to the tumor. be able to.
- the active ingredient of the pharmaceutical of the present invention may contain an anti-tumor agent known in the literature, etc., in addition to the particles and the immunostimulator, as long as it does not inhibit the effects of the pharmaceutical of the present invention.
- Known antitumor agents are not particularly limited, but specific examples include paclitaxel, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, thiotepa, busulfan, improsulfan, piposulfan, benzodopa, carbocone, meturedopa, uredopa, altretamine, triethylenemelamine, triethylenephosphoramide, triethylenethiophosphoramide, trimethylolomelamine, bratacin, bratacinone, camptothecin , bryostatin, callystatin, cryptophycin 1, cryptophycin 8, dolastatin, duocarmycin, eleuterobin, pancrati
- the administration method of the antitumor agent to be used in combination is not particularly limited.
- the method may be the same as or different from the method of administration of the particles or immunostimulator.
- the administration method is oral or parenteral, and specific dosage forms include injection dosage forms, nasal dosage forms, pulmonary dosage forms, transdermal dosage forms and the like.
- Injectable dosage forms can be administered systemically or locally, for example, by intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous injection, intratumoral injection, and the like.
- transdermal administration forms are those called liniments or topical drugs.
- External medicines include solids, liquids, sprays, ointments, creams, and gels.
- the treatment and/or prevention of cancer according to the present invention includes various forms in addition to administration as the aforementioned pharmaceuticals.
- the method for treating and/or preventing cancer of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the object of the present invention is achieved. and a particle containing an amphiphilic polymer whose hydrophilic segment is a polysaccharide and a cancer antigen) and the immunostimulator are separately administered by different administration methods.
- the method for treating and/or preventing cancer of the present invention comprises the step of administering the particle to a subject and the step of administering the immunostimulator to the subject, but related to "combination" As described above, either step may be performed first, or both steps may be performed simultaneously.
- surgical treatment and administration of other pharmaceutical agents eg, known anti-tumor agents as described above
- each active ingredient of the combined pharmaceutical of the present invention can be administered simultaneously or separately according to the order.
- the second active ingredient can be administered within a time interval of up to about three weeks, ie immediately after administration of the first active ingredient and up to about three weeks later.
- the surgical treatment may be followed by the surgical treatment, or the surgical treatment may be performed between administrations of the first active ingredient and the second active ingredient.
- the medicaments of the invention may be administered according to multiple dosing cycles. For example, when each active ingredient of the pharmaceutical of the present invention is administered simultaneously, both pharmaceuticals containing each active ingredient can be administered for about 2 days to about 3 weeks as one cycle. Thereafter, the treatment cycle can be repeated as necessary according to the judgment of the doctor in charge.
- each active ingredient in the agent for treating and/or preventing cancer of the present invention can be set in the same manner as the dosage of each active ingredient in pharmaceuticals.
- the administration period of the active ingredient is not particularly limited. Specifically, for example, it can be 3 days or more, 4 days or more, 5 days or more, 1 week or more, 10 days or more, or 2 weeks or more. Also, the number of administrations of each component during the administration period is not particularly limited. As mentioned above, it is preferable to administer each active ingredient so as to obtain its activity over the same administration period. Therefore, the number of times of administration or the frequency of administration can be appropriately set according to the period during which each active ingredient exhibits activity in the body. Specifically, for example, it may be set according to the administration method, dosage, type of active ingredient, and the like.
- once a month or more, once every 3 weeks or more, once every 20 days or more, once every 10 days or more, once a week or more, or once a week can be administered two or more times per day.
- once every 10 days or more, once a week or more, twice a week or more, once every three days or more, once every two days or more, or once a day or more can be administered at a frequency of
- the target cancer in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it expresses the cancer antigen contained in the particles.
- palpable cancers More preferred are palpable cancers, subcutaneous cancers, intradermal cancers, superficial cancers, dermal cancers, and non-parenchymal organ cancers. Also, these cancers may be primary cancers, metastatic cancers, metastatic cancers or recurrent cancers.
- the cancer is, for example, Bowen's disease, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, extramammary Paget's disease, mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome, cutaneous T/NK cell lymphoma, T cells with lesions only in the skin Leukemia/lymphoma, cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (indolent group), cutaneous T-cell lymphoma mammary carcinoma, combined breast adenocarcinoma, malignant mixed tumor of the breast, intraductal papillary adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, neuroepithelial tissue tumor glioma, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, ventricular ependymoma, neurocellular tumor, embryonic neuroectodermal tumor, schwannoma, neurofibroma, meningioma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymph
- metastasis or recurrence of the above cancer as a primary source can result in palpable cancer, cancer existing under the skin, cancer existing in the skin, cancer existing in the dermis, or cancer existing in non-parenchymal organs. Cancer is included.
- the combination of the particles, which are pharmaceutical agents of the present invention, and the immunostimulatory factor has cytotoxic activity in vivo. Therefore, the antitumor effect of the present invention can be known by examining its cytotoxic activity against cancer.
- the cytotoxic activity is evaluated by administering the particles and the immunostimulatory factor together to a cancer-bearing organism (subject), measuring the size of the tumor after administration, and examining the size of the cancer over time. can.
- the antitumor effect of the present invention can also be evaluated by examining the survival rate of subjects. It can also be evaluated by examining the ability to produce cytokines or chemokines.
- the anti-tumor effect of the combination of the particles of the present invention and the immunostimulatory factor can also be determined by examining cancer prevention, metastasis prevention, or recurrence prevention.
- Preferred subjects (patients) to be treated are mammals, for example, mammals including primates, pet animals, domestic animals, sports animals, and the like, with humans, dogs and cats being particularly preferred.
- the drug of the present invention can be formulated by methods known to those skilled in the art.
- they can be used parenterally in the form of injections such as sterile solutions or suspensions mixed with water or other pharmaceutically acceptable liquids.
- pharmacologically acceptable carriers or media specifically sterile water, physiological saline, vegetable oils, emulsifiers, suspending agents, surfactants, stabilizers, fragrances, excipients, binders, etc. It is conceivable to formulate by combining appropriately with and admixing in a unit dosage form required for generally accepted pharmaceutical practice. The amount of active ingredient in these formulations is such that a suitable dosage in the range indicated will be obtained.
- a sterile composition for injection can be formulated according to normal pharmaceutical practice using a vehicle such as distilled water for injection.
- Aqueous solutions for injection include, for example, physiological saline, isotonic solutions containing glucose and other adjuvants, such as aqueous solutions containing D-sorbitol, D-mannose, D-mannitol, sodium chloride, and suitable solubilizing agents. agents such as alcohols, particularly ethanol, polyalcohols such as propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, non-ionic surfactants such as polysorbate 80(TM), HCO-60.
- Oily liquids include sesame oil and soybean oil, and may be used in combination with benzyl benzoate and benzyl alcohol as solubilizers.
- buffers such as phosphate buffers, sodium acetate buffers, soothing agents such as procaine hydrochloride, stabilizers such as benzyl alcohol, phenol, and antioxidants.
- soothing agents such as procaine hydrochloride
- stabilizers such as benzyl alcohol, phenol, and antioxidants.
- the present invention also relates to the use of each active ingredient in combination with other active ingredients as described above. Specifically, it relates to the use of said particles (particles comprising an amphipathic polymer whose hydrophobic segment is poly(hydroxy acid) and hydrophilic segment is polysaccharide and a cancer antigen) in the treatment and/or prevention of cancer. .
- the use herein includes administering said particles in combination with an immunostimulator to a subject, preferably administering said particles and administering said immunostimulator separately by different administration methods. Characterized by
- the present invention also relates to the use of immunostimulators in the treatment and/or prevention of cancer.
- the use herein includes administering said immunostimulator in combination with said particles to a subject, preferably administering said particles and administering said immunostimulator separately by different administration methods. It is characterized by
- the present invention further relates to compositions containing each active ingredient for use in said method. Specifically, it relates to a composition for use in treating and/or preventing cancer, comprising said particles.
- the use herein includes administering said composition to a subject in combination with an immunostimulator, preferably administering said composition and administering said immunostimulator separately by different administration methods. It is characterized by This use can include, for example, administering the composition to a subject and administering the immune activator to the subject.
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in treating and/or preventing cancer, which contains an immunostimulator.
- the use herein comprises administering said composition to a subject in combination with said particles, preferably characterized in that administration of said particles and administration of said composition are performed separately by different administration methods. do.
- This use can include, for example, administering the particles to a subject and administering the composition to the subject.
- these compositions can be administered in the same dosage, administration method, and administration frequency as described above for the administration of the active ingredient.
- these uses can include administering said particles to a subject and administering said immune stimulators to said subject, wherein administration of each active ingredient comprises the dosages, administration
- administration The method, dosing interval, dosing time, dosing frequency and the like can be used.
- Example 1 Synthesis of dextran-PLGA
- poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was added to dextran and a condensation reaction was performed to form a linear chain.
- a block type polymer was synthesized.
- the number average molecular weight of dextran-NH 2 was determined by GPC measurement (column: TSK-gel ⁇ -5000 ⁇ 2 manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, DMF-based solvent, detector: RI, standard: pullulan) (Fig. 1: dextran-NH 2 ). It was confirmed by 1 H-NMR measurement that a primary amino group was introduced at the reducing end of dextran.
- dextran (dextran-NH 2 , number average molecular weight 2,700) (100 mg) having a primary amino group at the reducing end was added, and the active ester of NHS-PLGA-OH (NHS) and dextran-NH 2 were reacted. with primary amino groups was carried out for 110.5 hours.
- dextran-PLGA polymer 1 was obtained by removing unreacted dextran-NH 2 by water dialysis and removing unreacted NHS-PLGA-OH by ultracentrifugation purification.
- Dextran-PLGA polymer 2 was also obtained using dextran-NH 2 (number average molecular weight 1,800) and PLGA-5020 (number average molecular weight 8,900) in the same manner as dextran-PLGA polymer 1. .
- the number average molecular weight of dextran-PLGA was determined by GPC measurement (column: Toso-TSK-gel ⁇ -5000x2, DMF solvent, detector: RI, standard: pullulan) (Table 1, Figure 1: Dextran -PLGA). 1 H-NMR measurement confirmed the progress of the condensation reaction (Fig. 2: dextran-PLGA).
- Example 2 Synthesis of black yeast glucan-PLGA
- a linear block polymer was synthesized by adding PLGA to black yeast glucan and conducting a condensation reaction.
- Boc terminal group of black yeast glucan-NHBoc (1.19 g) was subjected to a deprotection reaction (35% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (14.3 ml)/dimethyl sulfoxide (24 ml), stirred at room temperature for 2 hours), followed by water dialysis. and lyophilized to recover the polymer powder (black yeast glucan-NH 2 ).
- the number average molecular weight of black yeast glucan- NH2 was determined by GPC measurement (column: TSK-gel ⁇ -5000 ⁇ 2 manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, DMF-based solvent, detector: RI, standard: pullulan) (Fig. 3: black yeast glucan-NH 2 ). By 1 H-NMR measurement, it was confirmed that a primary amino group was introduced at the reducing end of black yeast glucan.
- Black yeast glucan (black yeast glucan- NH , number average molecular weight 1,500) (749 mg) having a primary amino group at the ⁇ -terminus was added to this reaction solution, and the active ester (NHS) of NHS-PLGA-OH was added.
- a condensation reaction (270.5 hours) with primary amino groups of black yeast glucan- NH2 was performed. After the reaction, unreacted black yeast glucan-NH 2 was removed by water dialysis, and then unreacted NHS-PLGA-OH was removed by ultracentrifugation purification to obtain black yeast glucan-PLGA polymer 3.
- black yeast glucan-NH 2 (number average molecular weight 1,200) and PLGA-5020 (number average molecular weight 8,900) were used in the same manner as black yeast glucan-PLGA polymer 3 to obtain black yeast glucan- PLGA polymer 4 was obtained and black yeast glucan-PLGA polymer 5 was obtained using black yeast glucan-NH 2 (number average molecular weight 2,300) and PLGA-5020 (number average molecular weight 8,900).
- the number average molecular weight of black yeast glucan-PLGA was determined by GPC measurement (column: TSK-gel ⁇ -5000 ⁇ 2 manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, DMF-based solvent, detector: RI, standard product: pullulan) (Table 2, Fig. 3: Black yeast glucan-PLGA). 1 H-NMR measurement confirmed the progress of the condensation reaction (Fig. 4: black yeast glucan-PLGA).
- Example 3 Preparation of particles using the S/O/W emulsion method (OVA-containing dextran particles (1), OVA-containing black yeast glucan particles (2))
- Polymer powder (30 mg) of dextran-PLGA polymer (Amphiphilic polymer 1, Table 1) was dissolved in a mixed solution of 1.2 ml of dimethyl carbonate and 133 ⁇ l of tert-butanol to prepare a polymer solution.
- 0.3 ml of 0.5% (w/v) OVA (ovalbumin, Sigma) aqueous solution was added dropwise to the polymer solution, and W /O emulsion solution was prepared.
- the W/O emulsion solution After pre-freezing the W/O emulsion solution with liquid nitrogen, it was freeze-dried for 4 hours at a trap cooling temperature of ⁇ 45° C. and a degree of vacuum of 20 Pa using a freeze dryer (Tokyo Rika Kikai Co., Ltd., FD-1000). .
- the obtained solid content was dispersed in 3 ml of ethyl acetate to prepare an S/O suspension solution.
- the S/O suspension solution was added dropwise to 12 ml of a 1% (w/v) polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, and stirred at 5,000 rpm for 3 minutes using a mixer (Silverson, L5M-A) to obtain an S/O/W type.
- An emulsion solution was prepared.
- Ethyl acetate was removed from the S/O/W emulsion solution by submerged drying to obtain a particle suspension.
- the suspension was transferred to a 50 ml tube and the particles were sedimented by centrifugation at 3,000 g for 30 minutes. After removing the supernatant, the particles were washed by resuspending them in 50 ml of distilled water and sedimenting the particles again by centrifugation under the above conditions. This washing operation was repeated once more, and the particles after removing the supernatant were suspended in 2.4 ml of an aqueous solution containing 5% (w/v) mannitol and 0.1% (w/v) polysorbate 80.
- OVA-containing black yeast glucan particles (2) were obtained using a black yeast glucan-PLGA polymer (Table 2, amphiphilic polymer 3) in the same manner as for the OVA-containing dextran particles described above.
- Table 3 shows the evaluation results of each particle.
- the average particle size of the particles was calculated by the cumulant method using a dynamic light scattering device (ELS-Z, Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.) (Table 3, Figure 5: OVA-containing dextran particles, Figure 6: OVA-containing black yeast glucan particle).
- the content rate (w/w) of the OVA antigen was determined by extracting the antigen from the particles using an organic solvent. was determined by staining using
- Example 4 Antitumor effect of combined use of OVA-containing dextran particles (1) and imiquimod OVA-containing dextran particles (1) prepared in Example 3 and imiquimod were separately administered, and antitumor effects were observed in vivo in tumor-bearing mice. Tumor efficacy was evaluated.
- OVA-containing dextran particles (1) 10 6 mouse lymphoma cell line EG7 was subcutaneously transplanted per mouse, and 0.5 mg of the OVA-containing dextran particles (1) prepared in Example 3 was applied twice a week from day 7 after transplantation. (excluding mannitol) was suspended in a solvent of PBS and water for injection so as to be isotonic, and administered subcutaneously to the right armpit of mice. Imiquimod was applied to the same mice at the same time as the first OVA-containing dextran particles (1).
- imiquimod cream "Veselna Cream 5%” (Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., hereinafter referred to as "imiquimod cream") containing imiquimod as an active ingredient was applied to the surface of the skin grafted with cancer cells for five consecutive days a week. After that, application was not performed for 2 days, and imiquimod cream was applied continuously for 5 days in the same manner as described above from the 8th day after the start of administration.
- the tumors of the mice to which the OVA-containing dextran particles (1) prepared in Example 3 were administered and the imiquimod cream was applied regressed more than at the start of administration.
- the mouse tumor that was administered only the OVA-containing dextran particles (1) prepared in Example 3 although the growth was delayed compared to the negative control, regression was not observed. Tumors in cancer mice were unchanged compared to negative controls.
- Imiquimod cream was applied to the surface of the skin implanted with cancer cells for 5 consecutive days a week. After that, administration was not carried out for 2 days, and imiquimod cream was applied continuously for 5 days in the same manner as described above from the 8th day after the start of administration.
- the tumors of the mice to which the OVA-containing black yeast glucan particles (2) prepared in Example 3 and the imiquimod cream were applied regressed more than at the start of administration.
- the mouse tumor that was administered only the OVA-containing black yeast glucan particles (2) prepared in Example 3 although the growth was delayed compared to the negative control, regression was not observed, and only imiquimod cream was administered. Tumors in the tumor-bearing mice were unchanged compared to negative controls.
- OVA-containing black yeast glucan particles and Poly (I:C) (Sigma, Catalog No.: P1530) were used in combination for anti-tumor examined the effects.
- 10 6 mouse lymphoma cell line EG7 was subcutaneously transplanted per mouse, and the OVA-containing black yeast glucan particles prepared in Example 3 (2) were added twice a week from day 7 after transplantation.
- 0.5 mg (excluding mannitol) was suspended in a solvent of PBS and water for injection so as to be isotonic, and subcutaneously administered to the right armpit of the mouse.
- Poly(I:C) was administered intratumorally at the same time as the first OVA-containing black yeast glucan particles (2).
- Poly(I:C) was administered at a dose of 50 ⁇ g per dose, twice a week for a total of 4 doses.
- the tumors of the mice intratumorally administered Poly (I:C) separately from the OVA-containing black yeast glucan particles (2) produced in Example 3 regressed more than at the start of administration.
- mouse tumors administered only the OVA-containing black yeast glucan particles (2) prepared in Example 3 showed delayed growth compared to the negative control, but no regression was observed.
- Tumors in the treated tumor-bearing mice were unchanged compared to negative controls.
- tumors in mice to which a mixture of OVA-containing black yeast glucan particles (2) and Poly (I:C) was administered showed delayed growth, but no regression was observed.
- a combination pharmaceutical used for the treatment and/or prevention of cancer, which is characterized by being administered to can be used particularly for the treatment and/or prevention of infectious diseases, cancer, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
(1)疎水性セグメントがポリ(ヒドロキシ酸)であり、親水性セグメントが多糖である両親媒性ポリマー及び癌抗原を含む粒子並びに免疫活性化因子が、別々に投与されるように用いられることを特徴とする、癌の治療及び/又は予防のための医薬品。
(1-1)疎水性セグメントがポリ(ヒドロキシ酸)であり、親水性セグメントが多糖である両親媒性ポリマー及び癌抗原を含む粒子、並びに免疫活性化因子を含む、癌の治療及び/又は予防のために使用する組合せ医薬品であって、前記使用は、前記粒子の投与及び前記免疫活性化因子の投与が別々に行われることを特徴とする、前記医薬品。
(1-2)前記使用が、前記粒子の投与及び前記免疫活性化因子の投与が互いに異なる投与方法で別々に行われることを特徴とする、(1-1)に記載の医薬品。
(2)前記免疫活性化因子が、Toll様受容体(TLR)、NOD様受容体(NLR)、RIG様受容体、C型レクチン受容体(CLR)又はインターフェロン遺伝子刺激因子(STING)に結合するリガンド又はアゴニストである、(1)~(1-2)のいずれかに記載の医薬品。
(3)前記Toll様受容体(TLR)に結合するリガンドまたはアゴニストが、TLR2、TLR3、TLR4、TLR5、TLR7、TLR8、TLR9又はTLR11に結合するリガンド又はアゴニストである、(2)に記載の医薬品。
(4)前記Toll様受容体(TLR)に結合するリガンド又はアゴニストが、以下の(i)~(vii)のいずれかである、(3)に記載の医薬品。
(i)ペプチドグリカン、リポタンパク質、リポポリサッカライド及びザイモザンからななる群から選択されるTLR2に結合するリガンド又はアゴニスト
(ii)Poly(I:C)及びpoly(A:U)からなる群から選択されるTLR3に結合するリガンド又はアゴニスト
(iii)リポポリサッカライド(LPS)、HSP60、RS09及びMPLAからなる群から選択されるTLR4に結合するリガンド又はアゴニスト
(iv)TLR5に結合するリガンド又はアゴニストであるフラジェリン
(v)イミダゾキノリン類化合物及び一重鎖RNAからなる群から選択されるTLR7又は8に結合するリガンド又はアゴニスト
(vi)バクテリアDNA、非メチル化CpG DNA、hemozorin、ODN1585、ODN1668及びODN1826からなる群から選択されるTLR9に結合するリガンド又はアゴニスト
(vii)profilin及びuropathogenicバクテリアからなる群から選択されるTLR11に結合するリガンド又はアゴニスト
(5)前記イミダゾキノリン類化合物がイミキモドである、(4)に記載の医薬品。
(6)前記免疫活性化因子が腫瘍局所に投与されることを特徴とする、(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の医薬品。
(6-1)前記免疫活性化因子の投与が、腫瘍局所への投与である、(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の医薬品。
(7)前記多糖が、デキストラン、β-グルカン、マンナン、キチン、キトサン、ジェランガム、アルギン酸、ヒアルロン酸又はプルランである、(1)~(6-1)のいずれかに記載の医薬品。
(8)前記β-グルカンが、1つ以上のβ-1,3結合及び/又は1つ以上のβ-1,6結合で連結されたグルコースの重合体である、(7)に記載の医薬品。
(9)前記β-グルカンが、黒酵母グルカン、カードラン、パキマン、ラミナラン、リケナン、シゾフィラン、レンチナン、スクレログルカン又はパキマランである、(7)又は(8)に記載の医薬品。
(10)前記ポリ(ヒドロキシ酸)が、ポリ(乳酸-グリコール酸)、ポリ乳酸又はポリグリコール酸である、(1)~(9)のいずれかに記載の医薬品。
(11)前記両親媒性ポリマーの数平均分子量が500~100,000である、(1)~(10)のいずれかに記載の医薬品。
(12)粒子の平均粒径が0.1~50μmである、(1)~(11)のいずれかに記載の医薬品。
(13)前記癌が、基底細胞癌、バジェット病、皮膚癌、乳癌、腎癌、膵臓癌、大腸癌、肺癌、脳腫瘍、胃癌、子宮癌、卵巣癌、前立腺癌、膀胱癌、食道癌、白血病、リンパ腫、肝臓癌、胆嚢癌、肉腫、肥満細胞腫、副腎皮質癌、ユーイング腫瘍、ホジキンリンパ腫、中皮腫、多発性骨髄腫、睾丸癌、甲状腺癌又は頭頸部癌である、(1)~(12)のいずれかに記載の医薬品。
(14)疎水性セグメントがポリ(ヒドロキシ酸)であり、親水性セグメントが多糖である両親媒性ポリマー及び癌抗原を含む粒子、並びに免疫活性化因子を、別々に投与することを特徴とする、癌の治療及び/又は予防のための方法。
(15)前記粒子の投与及び前記免疫活性化因子の投与が、互いに異なる投与方法で別々に行われることを特徴とする、(14)に記載の方法。
(2)水酸基の大部分が置換基で保護された多糖の一部未保護の水酸基を塩基で活性化後、ヒドロキシ酸活性化モノマーを加えてポリ(ヒドロキシ酸)からなるグラフト鎖を導入し、最後に保護基を取り除くことにより、グラフト型ポリマーを製造する方法[Polymer,44,p.3927-3933,(2003年)]
(3)多糖に対して、ポリ(ヒドロキシ酸)の共重合体を脱水剤及び/又は官能基の活性化剤を用いて縮合反応させることにより、グラフト型ポリマーを製造する方法[Macromolecules,33,p.3680-3685(2000年)]。
(i)ペプチドグリカン、リポタンパク質、リポポリサッカライド及びザイモザンからなる群から選択されるTLR2に結合するリガンド又はアゴニスト。
(ii)Poly(I:C)及びpoly(A:U)からなる群から選択されるTLR3に結合するリガンド又はアゴニスト。
(iii)リポポリサッカライド(LPS)、HSP60、RS09及びMPLAからなる群から選択されるTLR4に結合するリガンド又はアゴニスト。
(iv)TLR5に結合するリガンド又はアゴニストであるフラジェリン。
(v)イミダゾキノリン類化合物及び一重鎖RNAからなる群から選択されるTLR7又は8に結合するリガンド又はアゴニスト。
(vi)バクテリアDNA、非メチル化CpG DNA、hemozorin、ODN1585、ODN1668及びODN1826からなる群から選択されるTLR9に結合するリガンド又はアゴニスト。
(vii)profilin及びuropathogenicバクテリアからなる群から選択されるTLR11に結合するリガンド又はアゴニスト。
本発明は、上述のように他の有効成分と組み合わせた各有効成分の使用にも関連する。具体的には、前記粒子(疎水性セグメントがポリ(ヒドロキシ酸)であり、親水性セグメントが多糖である両親媒性ポリマー及び癌抗原を含む粒子)の、癌の治療及び/又は予防における使用に関する。ここでの使用は、前記粒子を免疫活性化因子と組み合せて被験者に投与することを含み、好ましくは、前記粒子の投与及び前記免疫活性化因子の投与が異なる投与方法で別々に行われることを特徴とする。
(実施例1)デキストラン-PLGAの合成
本実施例では、デキストランにポリ(乳酸-グリコール酸)(poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid);PLGA)を加えて縮合反応を行うことにより直鎖状のブロック型ポリマーを合成した。
濃度500mg/2mlのデキストラン(数平均分子量2,100、PHARMACOSMOS社)のジメチルスルホキシド溶液中に、トリアセトキシ水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(203.5mg)とN-Boc-エチレンジアミン(76.1μl)を投入した後、60℃で91時間撹拌しながら反応を行った。次いで、外液を水とする透析によって未反応のN-Boc-エチレンジアミンを除去した後、凍結乾燥を行い、デキストラン-NHBocを合成した。次いで、デキストラン-NHBoc(450mg)のBoc末端基の脱保護反応(35%塩酸水溶液(5ml)/ジメチルスルホキシド(5ml)、常温で35時間撹拌)を行った後、水透析にて精製し、凍結乾燥によってポリマー粉末(デキストラン-NH2)を回収した。
ヘテロ二官能性末端基を持つポリ(乳酸-グリコール酸)(COOH-PLGA-OH、富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社、PLGA-5020、数平均分子量8,900)(350mg)を、1-エチル-3-(3-ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド塩酸塩(EDC)(35.5mg)とN-ヒドロキシスクシンイミド(NHS)(21.3mg)のジメチルスルホキシド(0.58ml)溶液に混合させた後、50℃で2時間反応させ、α末端のカルボキシル基を活性エステル(NHS)化させた。この反応溶液に、還元末端に一級アミノ基を有するデキストラン(デキストラン-NH2、数平均分子量2,700)(100mg)を投入し、NHS-PLGA-OHの活性エステル(NHS)とデキストラン-NH2の一級アミノ基との縮合反応を110.5時間行った。反応後、水透析によって未反応のデキストラン-NH2を除去し、超遠心分離精製によって未反応のNHS-PLGA-OHを除去することで、デキストラン-PLGAポリマー1を得た。
本実施例では、黒酵母グルカンにPLGAを加えて縮合反応を行うことにより直鎖状のブロック型ポリマーを合成した。
黒酵母グルカン(ダイソー株式会社)5gをジメチルスルホキシド150mlに溶解した後、35%塩酸水溶液5mlを加え、105℃で20分攪拌した。該反応溶液を透析膜に移し、水中で透析を行った後に、凍結乾燥を行い、黒酵母グルカン加水分解物(数平均分子量2,400)を粉末として得た。
ヘテロ二官能性末端基を持つポリ(乳酸-グリコール酸)(COOH-PLGA-OH、富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社、PLGA-5020、数平均分子量8,900)(4.462g)を、EDC(479.25mg)とNHS(287.73mg)のDMSO(2.5ml)溶液に混合させた後、50℃で約18時間反応させ、α末端のカルボキシル基を活性エステル(NHS)化させた。この反応溶液に、ω末端に一級アミノ基を有する黒酵母グルカン(黒酵母グルカン-NH2、数平均分子量1,500)(749mg)を投入し、NHS-PLGA-OHの活性エステル(NHS)と黒酵母グルカン-NH2の一級アミノ基との縮合反応(270.5時間)を行った。反応後、水透析によって未反応の黒酵母グルカン-NH2を除去した後、超遠心分離精製によって未反応のNHS-PLGA-OHを除去することで、黒酵母グルカン-PLGAポリマー3を得た。
デキストラン-PLGAポリマー(表1、両親媒性ポリマー1)のポリマー粉体(30mg)を炭酸ジメチル1.2ml及びtert-ブタノール133μlの混合溶液に溶解し、ポリマー溶液を調製した。該ポリマー溶液に、0.5%(w/v)OVA(卵白アルブミン、シグマ社)水溶液0.3mlを滴下し、ミキサー(ポリトロン社、PT2100S)を用いた11,000rpm、1分間の撹拌によりW/Oエマルジョン溶液を製造した。該W/Oエマルジョン溶液を液体窒素で予備凍結した後、凍結乾燥機(東京理化器械株式会社、FD-1000)を用いて、トラップ冷却温度-45℃、真空度20Paにて4時間凍結乾燥した。得られた固形分を酢酸エチル3mlに分散させ、S/Oサスペンジョン溶液を調製した。該S/Oサスペンジョン溶液を1%(w/v)ポリビニルアルコール水溶液12mlに滴下し、ミキサー(シルバーソン社、L5M-A)を用いた5,000rpm、3分間の撹拌によりS/O/W型エマルジョン溶液を調製した。該S/O/W型エマルジョン溶液から液中乾燥により酢酸エチルを除去して、粒子懸濁液とした。該懸濁液を50mlチューブに移し、3,000g、30分間の遠心分離により粒子を沈殿させた。上清を除いた後に、粒子を50mlの蒸留水に再懸濁し、上記条件での遠心分離により粒子を再度沈殿させることにより洗浄した。この洗浄操作をもう一度繰り返し、上清を除いた後の粒子を、5%(w/v)マンニトール及び0.1%(w/v)ポリソルベート80を含む水溶液2.4mlに懸濁させた。メッシュフィルター(1μm)でろ過し、該懸濁液を液体窒素で予備凍結した後、凍結乾燥機を用いて、トラップ冷却温度-45℃、真空度20Paにて12時間凍結乾燥することで、OVA含有デキストラン粒子(1)を得た。
実施例3にて作製したOVA含有デキストラン粒子(1)とイミキモドを別々に投与し、担癌マウス生体内における抗腫瘍効果を評価した。
実施例3にて作製したOVA含有黒酵母グルカン粒子(2)とイミキモドを別々に投与し、担癌マウス生体内における抗腫瘍効果を評価した。
実施例3にて作製したOVA含有黒酵母グルカン粒子(2)と、Poly(I:C)を別々に投与し、担癌マウス生体内における抗腫瘍効果を評価した。
Claims (16)
- 疎水性セグメントがポリ(ヒドロキシ酸)であり、親水性セグメントが多糖である両親媒性ポリマー及び癌抗原を含む粒子、並びに免疫活性化因子を含む、癌の治療及び/又は予防のために使用する組合せ医薬品であって、
前記使用は、前記粒子の投与及び前記免疫活性化因子の投与が別々に行われることを特徴とする、前記医薬品。 - 前記使用が、前記粒子の投与及び前記免疫活性化因子の投与が互いに異なる投与方法で別々に行われることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の医薬品。
- 前記免疫活性化因子が、Toll様受容体(TLR)、NOD様受容体(NLR)、RIG様受容体、C型レクチン受容体(CLR)又はインターフェロン遺伝子刺激因子(STING)に結合するリガンド又はアゴニストである、請求項1又は2に記載の医薬品。
- 前記Toll様受容体(TLR)に結合するリガンドまたはアゴニストが、TLR2、TLR3、TLR4、TLR5、TLR7、TLR8、TLR9又はTLR11に結合するリガンド又はアゴニストである、請求項3に記載の医薬品。
- 前記Toll様受容体(TLR)に結合するリガンド又はアゴニストが、以下の(i)~(vii)のいずれかである、請求項4に記載の医薬品。
(i)ペプチドグリカン、リポタンパク質、リポポリサッカライド及びザイモザンからななる群から選択されるTLR2に結合するリガンド又はアゴニスト
(ii)Poly(I:C)及びpoly(A:U)からなる群から選択されるTLR3に結合するリガンド又はアゴニスト
(iii)リポポリサッカライド(LPS)、HSP60、RS09及びMPLAからなる群から選択されるTLR4に結合するリガンド又はアゴニスト
(iv)TLR5に結合するリガンド又はアゴニストであるフラジェリン
(v)イミダゾキノリン類化合物及び一重鎖RNAからなる群から選択されるTLR7又は8に結合するリガンド又はアゴニスト
(vi)バクテリアDNA、非メチル化CpG DNA、hemozorin、ODN1585、ODN1668及びODN1826からなる群から選択されるTLR9に結合するリガンド又はアゴニスト
(vii)profilin及びuropathogenicバクテリアからなる群から選択されるTLR11に結合するリガンド又はアゴニスト - 前記イミダゾキノリン類化合物がイミキモドである、請求項5に記載の医薬品。
- 前記免疫活性化因子の投与が、腫瘍局所への投与である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の医薬品。
- 前記多糖が、デキストラン、β-グルカン、マンナン、キチン、キトサン、ジェランガム、アルギン酸、ヒアルロン酸又はプルランである、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の医薬品。
- 前記β-グルカンが、1つ以上のβ-1,3結合及び/又は1つ以上のβ-1,6結合で連結されたグルコースの重合体である、請求項8に記載の医薬品。
- 前記β-グルカンが、黒酵母グルカン、カードラン、パキマン、ラミナラン、リケナン、シゾフィラン、レンチナン、スクレログルカン又はパキマランである、請求項8又は9に記載の医薬品。
- 前記ポリ(ヒドロキシ酸)が、ポリ(乳酸-グリコール酸)、ポリ乳酸又はポリグリコール酸である、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の医薬品。
- 前記両親媒性ポリマーの数平均分子量が500~100,000である、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の医薬品。
- 前記粒子の平均粒径が0.1~50μmである、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の医薬品。
- 前記癌が、基底細胞癌、バジェット病、皮膚癌、乳癌、腎癌、膵臓癌、大腸癌、肺癌、脳腫瘍、胃癌、子宮癌、卵巣癌、前立腺癌、膀胱癌、食道癌、白血病、リンパ腫、肝臓癌、胆嚢癌、肉腫、肥満細胞腫、副腎皮質癌、ユーイング腫瘍、ホジキンリンパ腫、中皮腫、多発性骨髄腫、睾丸癌、甲状腺癌又は頭頸部癌である、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の医薬品。
- 疎水性セグメントがポリ(ヒドロキシ酸)であり、親水性セグメントが多糖である両親媒性ポリマー及び癌抗原を含む粒子、並びに免疫活性化因子を、別々に投与することを特徴とする、癌の治療及び/又は予防のための方法。
- 前記粒子の投与及び前記免疫活性化因子の投与が、互いに異なる投与方法で別々に行われることを特徴とする、請求項15に記載の方法。
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KR1020247007745A KR20240065074A (ko) | 2021-09-16 | 2022-09-15 | 암의 치료 및/또는 예방을 위한 의약품 |
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KR20240065074A (ko) | 2024-05-14 |
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