WO2023041392A1 - Hohlleiterbaugruppe mit schaumstoff - Google Patents
Hohlleiterbaugruppe mit schaumstoff Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023041392A1 WO2023041392A1 PCT/EP2022/074822 EP2022074822W WO2023041392A1 WO 2023041392 A1 WO2023041392 A1 WO 2023041392A1 EP 2022074822 W EP2022074822 W EP 2022074822W WO 2023041392 A1 WO2023041392 A1 WO 2023041392A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- foam
- waveguide
- waveguide assembly
- waveguides
- radome
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 e.g. B. chromating Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005007 epoxy-phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004532 chromating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008259 solid foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides
- H01P3/121—Hollow waveguides integrated in a substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides
- H01P3/122—Dielectric loaded (not air)
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
- H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/40—Radiating elements coated with or embedded in protective material
- H01Q1/405—Radome integrated radiating elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
Definitions
- the invention relates to a waveguide assembly with a plurality of waveguides.
- Waveguide assemblies are used, for example, in sensors, in particular in radar sensors, and are used there as radiating elements for electromagnetic waves, in particular for radar waves.
- a waveguide assembly is an assembly comprising a substrate, such as metal or metalized plastic, and in which a plurality of waveguides are formed in the substrate in a predetermined arrangement, whereby the waveguides selectively guide and radiate electromagnetic waves.
- the waveguides are sensitive to dirt and penetrating liquid, especially water, since these can lead to interference with the electromagnetic waves. In the case of open waveguides that are filled with air, condensation can lead to the ingress of unwanted water. In addition, corrosion of the metal layers of the inner walls of the waveguide caused by the water can impair the functionality. This can eventually render the waveguide assembly unusable and cause the sensor to malfunction.
- Pressure compensation elements in the sensor housing are known to protect against condensation. In the case of rapid temperature changes, however, there is often no moisture equalization within a short period of time. In particular, since the wave guide assembly has a mass that is not negligible and thus uniform heating of all components in the sensor is not guaranteed.
- a radome is provided to protect the radiating surfaces from external influences, such as e.g. B. stone chips, dust, water, ice and the like to protect.
- the radome is designed as a separate component that is arranged separately from the waveguide assembly. The radome must therefore be installed separately in the sensor.
- a plurality of waveguides are formed in the waveguide assembly.
- the waveguides have a predetermined arrangement and each waveguide is configured to conduct electromagnetic waves from a source to at least one output and/or to conduct electromagnetic waves from the at least one output to a receiver.
- the electromagnetic waves are preferably radar waves and the waveguide assembly is designed for a radar sensor.
- the waveguides are at least partially filled with a foam.
- the foam prevents liquid from penetrating the waveguide. This avoids condensation in the waveguide. In addition, this also provides protection against corrosion.
- the waveguide assembly has a foam radome.
- the radome protects the radiating surface of the waveguide assembly from external influences such. B. stone chips, dust, water, ice, chemical substances or the like, and / or from contamination, z. B. by metal chips, plastic particles or the like, and seals the waveguide assembly or the waveguide to the outside.
- the foams are made of plastic and have little effect on the transmission of electromagnetic waves, especially when it comes to high-frequency waves in the radar range.
- the permeability depends on the ratio between gas (usually air) and plastic, with a lower proportion of plastic leading to a greater proportion permeability. Accordingly, the losses in the electromagnetic waves for these foams are small, especially compared to waveguides that are completely filled with plastic.
- Such a combination of waveguides filled with foam and a radome made of foam has other advantages:
- the waveguide assembly can be manufactured at lower cost and can be assembled and adjusted with less effort. In addition, unwanted reflections between the radome and the antenna are avoided.
- passivating protective layers such as e.g. B. chromating, nickel or gold coating, can be dispensed with in the waveguide.
- a copper coating is sufficient for substrates made of plastic. This saves manufacturing costs and also increases reliability.
- the waveguide assembly can have a plurality of radiator elements, which are designed as waveguide antennas in the plurality of waveguides.
- the waveguide antennas are preferably at least partially filled with foam.
- the radome is preferably formed by a skin of the foam.
- the skin is an area on the outside of the foam that is more dense, meaning it has a higher plastic content. This results in a stable and solid foam that is suitable for serving as a radome and thus withstanding external influences, especially against stone chipping, and sealing the waveguide assembly or the waveguides from the outside.
- the thickness of the skin is chosen according to the application. Too thick skin impairs the permeability of electromagnetic waves. For radar waves, the loss is negligible if the skin thickness is less than 0.1 mm. A skin that is too thin does not offer sufficient protection against external influences.
- the waveguide assembly can be at least partially or completely surrounded by foam, so that it forms a foam layer outside of the waveguide assembly.
- the skin that forms the radome is in this case formed on the outside of this foam layer.
- the foam layer serves as a kind of housing that surrounds the waveguide assembly. If the waveguide assembly is only partially surrounded by the foam layer, ie it only forms a partial housing, the foam layer is preferably arranged at least in the emission direction, so that the radome is formed in the emission direction. In this case it is possible to subsequently integrate a printed circuit board on the waveguide assembly and in the housing. For this purpose, for example, a cover with an integrated plug can be provided on the side opposite the emission direction.
- the foam is only arranged in the waveguides.
- the skin forming the radome is then formed on the foam at least at one exit of the waveguide.
- the area in which the waveguide opens into the environment is referred to here as the “output of the waveguide”.
- the skin is formed in the waveguide antennas of the waveguides forming the output of the waveguide. The radome is thus formed at the output of the waveguide and the waveguide itself is sealed off from the outside.
- the foam can be any type of foam.
- the foam is preferably a closed-cell foam. So the cell walls are closed. Due to its structure, the closed-cell foam already prevents the penetration of liquid. Closed-cell foams are particularly advantageous for the radome and for the above-mentioned housing made of the foam layer, since the penetration of liquid is also prevented here if the surface of the foam is damaged or broken through (e.g. by a stone chip or during the assembly) is.
- Open-cell foams whose cell walls are open, can also be used. In this case, a tight seal is also provided for all waveguide openings.
- the foam filling the waveguides and the foam forming the radome are made of the same material with the same parameters.
- the two foams can thus be viewed as a common foam. Consequently, the foam can be introduced into the waveguide assembly in one work step and, if necessary, the foam layer can also be formed in the same work step.
- the radome is preferably formed as a skin of the foam, as described above. This creates a continuous transition between the skin and the rest of the foam.
- the foam that fills the waveguides and/or the foam that forms the radome are made in particular from a thermoplastic. Foams made of thermoplastics can nowadays be produced with a gas content of up to 95%. As a result, only minor losses occur in the electromagnetic waves.
- the use of thermoplastics as foams is well known and allows for ease of manufacture.
- PP polypropylene
- PE polyethylene
- PU polyurethane
- the foam that fills the waveguides and/or the foam that forms the radome can be made of a duroplastic. Foams made from duroplastics can be produced with a gas content of up to 50%. As a result, the losses in the electromagnetic waves are roughly halved compared to waveguides that are completely filled with plastic.
- Thermosetting plastics also offer high weather resistance. For example, epoxy resins and phenolic resins can be used as the material.
- the waveguide assembly has in particular an antenna level and a distribution network level.
- the antenna level has the outputs of the waveguides and, if necessary, the waveguide antennas, and the connections of the waveguides are formed in the distribution network level.
- other levels such as B. a feed plane, which provides the connection to the source(s) and/or to the receiver(s).
- the waveguides are filled with the foam at least in the antenna level and in the distribution network level. This is where condensation and corrosion lead to the biggest problems.
- the waveguides can also be filled with the foam in the other levels, in particular in the feed level.
- the structuring serves for better adhesion of the foam and is particularly advantageous in the event that the foam forms a foam layer around the waveguide assembly.
- the structuring is also during the manufacture of the Foaming ensures that the foam is distributed evenly over the surface.
- a desired dispersion of electromagnetic waves incident on the sensor can be achieved through the structuring.
- FIG. 1 shows a sectional illustration of a waveguide assembly according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a sectional illustration of a waveguide assembly according to a further embodiment of the invention.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 each show a waveguide assembly 1 according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the waveguide assembly has a substrate 10 made of metal or metalized plastic.
- the substrate 10 in turn has a metallization.
- Waveguides 12 for conducting radar waves RW are formed in substrate 10 .
- the inner walls of the waveguide 12 also have the metallization.
- the waveguide assembly 1 is divided into several levels: In a feed level SE, the waveguides 12 are connected to sources that are not shown. In a distribution network level VE, the waveguides 12 run between the sources and intended emission positions. In an antenna plane AE, waveguide antennas 13 are formed in the waveguides 12, via which the radar waves RW are radiated to the environment.
- the waveguides 12 are partially filled with a foam 20 .
- the waveguides 12, especially in the antenna plane AE, and in particular the waveguide antennas 13, are completely filled with foam 20 in order to ensure that no moisture from the environment can penetrate.
- the waveguides 12 can also have sections without foam.
- the waveguides 12 in the feed plane SE are also completely filled with foam 20 .
- a foam layer 21 is formed around the waveguide assembly 1 in FIG.
- the foam layer 21 is made of the same material as the foam 20 in the waveguides 12 and has the same parameters.
- the foam layer 21 can be formed at the same time as the foam 20 is introduced during manufacture.
- the surface of the substrate 10 has a structure, not shown, with which the foam layer 21 has better grip.
- a skin 22 is formed in the foam on the outside of the foam layer 21 , that is to say on the side which is opposite the waveguide assembly 1 .
- the foam is compressed in the skin 22 so that the skin 22 serves as a radome for the waveguide assembly 1 .
- the skin 22 thus protects the waveguide antennas 13 and the surface of the waveguide assembly 1 from external influences such.
- the foam layer 21 with the skin 22 forms a housing around the waveguide assembly 1.
- the foam layer 21 is not formed around the entire waveguide assembly 1.
- the back of the waveguide assembly 1, ie the side at the feed level SE is free, so that the waveguide can be connected to a printed circuit board there.
- a skin 23 is formed in the foam 20 directly at the exits of the waveguide antennas 13 .
- the skin 23 represents a compression of the foam 20 so that the skin 23 serves as a radome for the waveguide antennas 13 .
- the skin 23 thus protects the waveguide antennas 13 from external influences such. B. stone chips, dust, water, ice, chemical substances or the like, and / or from contamination, z. B. by metal chips, Plastic particles or the like, and seals the waveguide 12 to the outside.
- the foams 20, 21 described are closed-cell foams, so that an injury to the skin 22, 23 does not result in moisture being able to penetrate.
- a thermoplastic such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and polyurethane (PU, PUR) and derivatives thereof is used as the material for the foams.
- a thermoset such as epoxy resin or phenolic resin used.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202280062156.5A CN117981171A (zh) | 2021-09-14 | 2022-09-07 | 具有泡沫材料的空心波导组件 |
KR1020247011989A KR20240055106A (ko) | 2021-09-14 | 2022-09-07 | 발포체를 구비한 도파관 조립체 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102021210122.4 | 2021-09-14 | ||
DE102021210122.4A DE102021210122A1 (de) | 2021-09-14 | 2021-09-14 | Hohlleiterbaugruppe mit Schaumstoff |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2023041392A1 true WO2023041392A1 (de) | 2023-03-23 |
Family
ID=83439153
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2022/074822 WO2023041392A1 (de) | 2021-09-14 | 2022-09-07 | Hohlleiterbaugruppe mit schaumstoff |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
KR (1) | KR20240055106A (de) |
CN (1) | CN117981171A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102021210122A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2023041392A1 (de) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20160293557A1 (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2016-10-06 | Sony Corporation | Package and antenna apparatus including package |
DE102018215393A1 (de) * | 2018-09-11 | 2020-03-12 | Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh | Radarsystem mit einer Kunststoffantenne mit reduzierter Empfindlichkeit auf Störwellen auf der Antenne sowie auf Reflektionen von einer Sensorabdeckung |
-
2021
- 2021-09-14 DE DE102021210122.4A patent/DE102021210122A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-09-07 KR KR1020247011989A patent/KR20240055106A/ko unknown
- 2022-09-07 WO PCT/EP2022/074822 patent/WO2023041392A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-09-07 CN CN202280062156.5A patent/CN117981171A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20160293557A1 (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2016-10-06 | Sony Corporation | Package and antenna apparatus including package |
DE102018215393A1 (de) * | 2018-09-11 | 2020-03-12 | Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh | Radarsystem mit einer Kunststoffantenne mit reduzierter Empfindlichkeit auf Störwellen auf der Antenne sowie auf Reflektionen von einer Sensorabdeckung |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
RODRIGUEZ-SOLIS RAFAEL A ET AL: "Slotted polyimide-aerogel-filled-waveguide arrays", 2013 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI), IEEE, 7 July 2013 (2013-07-07), pages 238 - 239, XP032556394, ISSN: 1522-3965, ISBN: 978-1-4799-3538-3, [retrieved on 20140113], DOI: 10.1109/APS.2013.6710780 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN117981171A (zh) | 2024-05-03 |
DE102021210122A1 (de) | 2023-03-16 |
KR20240055106A (ko) | 2024-04-26 |
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