WO2023027185A1 - 亜鉛電池用電解液、及び、亜鉛電池 - Google Patents
亜鉛電池用電解液、及び、亜鉛電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023027185A1 WO2023027185A1 PCT/JP2022/032286 JP2022032286W WO2023027185A1 WO 2023027185 A1 WO2023027185 A1 WO 2023027185A1 JP 2022032286 W JP2022032286 W JP 2022032286W WO 2023027185 A1 WO2023027185 A1 WO 2023027185A1
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- less
- zinc
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- ether
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- -1 ether compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 123
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 11
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 8
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 72
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- AZCDFTXEUCARGI-UHFFFAOYSA-M heptadecyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C AZCDFTXEUCARGI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- VFWRGKJLLYDFBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ag].[Ag] VFWRGKJLLYDFBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQZIYBXSHAGNOE-XNSRJBNMSA-N stachyose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)O)O2)O)O1 UQZIYBXSHAGNOE-XNSRJBNMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- SZEMGTQCPRNXEG-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(octadecyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C SZEMGTQCPRNXEG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IKRRMNBUMJLUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(pentadecyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C IKRRMNBUMJLUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OHCYZUDVCRJREC-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(pentadecyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C OHCYZUDVCRJREC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CEYYIKYYFSTQRU-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(tetradecyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C CEYYIKYYFSTQRU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AICNZRYBCUSVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(tridecyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C AICNZRYBCUSVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VCOYQLVGJRYNFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(tridecyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C VCOYQLVGJRYNFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/26—Selection of materials as electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/30—Nickel accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to zinc battery electrolytes and zinc batteries.
- Nickel-zinc batteries, air-zinc batteries, silver-zinc batteries, etc. are known as zinc batteries.
- a nickel-zinc battery is an aqueous battery that uses an aqueous electrolyte such as an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, so it has a high level of safety, and the combination of a zinc electrode and a nickel electrode produces a high electromotive force as an aqueous battery.
- nickel-zinc batteries have excellent input/output performance and low cost, so they can be applied to industrial applications (e.g., backup power supplies) and automotive applications (e.g., hybrid vehicles). gender is being considered.
- the charge/discharge reaction of a nickel-zinc battery proceeds, for example, according to the following formula (discharge reaction: rightward, charge reaction: leftward).
- Zinc hydroxide As shown in the above formula, zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH) 2 ) is produced by the discharge reaction in zinc batteries.
- Zinc hydroxide is soluble in the electrolyte, and when zinc hydroxide dissolves in the electrolyte, tetrahydroxide zincate ions ([Zn(OH) 4 ] 2 ⁇ ) diffuse into the electrolyte.
- tetrahydroxide zincate ions [Zn(OH) 4 ] 2 ⁇
- the shape change (deformation) of the negative electrode progresses and the distribution of the charging current becomes uneven.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses a nickel-zinc battery characterized by having an electrolytic solution containing sugars.
- Zinc batteries are sometimes used in low-temperature environments such as 0°C to -30°C, and it is required to improve life performance and suppress deterioration of low-temperature discharge performance.
- the surfactant contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a cationic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant and an anionic surfactant. liquid.
- ⁇ 4> The zinc battery electrolytic solution according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, wherein the zinc battery electrolytic solution contains an oxygen atom-containing organic compound.
- the organic compound containing an oxygen atom has at least one selected from the group consisting of a carboxy group, a carboxylic acid group, a hydroxyl group, an epoxy group and an ether group.
- the organic compound containing an oxygen atom includes an ether compound having a heterocyclic ring containing an ether group.
- ⁇ 7> The zinc battery electrolytic solution according to any one of ⁇ 4> to ⁇ 6>, wherein the organic compound containing an oxygen atom includes an ether compound represented by the following general formula (3).
- n represents an integer of 1 to 10
- R 1 and R 2 represent an organic group.
- ⁇ 8> The zinc battery electrolytic solution according to ⁇ 7>, wherein the organic group in the general formula (3) is an alkyl group or an aryl group.
- ⁇ 9> The zinc battery electrolytic solution according to ⁇ 7> or ⁇ 8>, wherein the ether compound represented by the general formula (3) contains a glyme compound.
- glyme compound contains at least one selected from the group consisting of monoglyme, diglyme, triglyme and tetraglyme.
- a zinc battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and the electrolytic solution for a zinc battery according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 10>.
- an electrolytic solution for zinc batteries capable of suppressing deterioration in low-temperature discharge performance of zinc batteries.
- a zinc battery comprising the electrolyte for zinc batteries.
- a numerical range indicated using "-" indicates a range that includes the numerical values before and after "-" as the minimum and maximum values, respectively.
- the upper or lower limit of the numerical range in one step can be arbitrarily combined with the upper or lower limit of the numerical range in another step.
- the upper or lower limits of the numerical ranges may be replaced with the values shown in Experimental Examples.
- “A or B” may include either A or B, or may include both. Materials exemplified in the present disclosure may be used singly or in combination of two or more unless otherwise specified.
- the amount of each component used in the composition is the total amount of the multiple substances present in the composition unless otherwise specified. means.
- the term “film” or “layer” includes not only a shape structure formed over the entire surface but also a shape structure formed partially when observed as a plan view.
- the term “process” includes not only an independent process, but also a process that cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes, as long as the intended action of the process is achieved.
- the electrolytic solution for zinc batteries according to the present embodiment (hereinafter simply referred to as "electrolytic solution” in some cases) is used as an electrolytic solution for zinc batteries (for example, zinc secondary batteries).
- a zinc battery according to this embodiment includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution according to this embodiment.
- a zinc battery can comprise a zinc electrode as the negative electrode.
- the zinc batteries include nickel-zinc batteries whose positive electrode is a nickel electrode (for example, nickel-zinc secondary batteries); air-zinc batteries whose positive electrode is an air electrode (for example, zinc-air secondary batteries); and silver-zinc batteries whose positive electrode is a silver oxide electrode. batteries (for example, silver-zinc secondary batteries) and the like.
- the electrolytic solution according to the present embodiment is a zinc battery electrolytic solution containing an alkali metal hydroxide and a surfactant, wherein the total mass of the surfactant is the total amount of the zinc battery electrolytic solution. It contains 0.01% by mass or more based on the mass. According to the electrolyte solution according to the present embodiment, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the low-temperature discharge performance of the zinc battery. in some cases) can be reduced.
- Factors that can achieve such effects include, but are not limited to, the following factors.
- the electrolyte in a conventional zinc battery, it is difficult for the electrolyte to diffuse evenly on the surface of the active material (zinc component) of the zinc electrode, and the active material that does not come into contact with the electrolyte becomes inactive.
- the surfactant improves the diffusion of the electrolytic solution to the surface of the active material, so it is speculated that the DC resistance during discharge is reduced. are doing.
- alkali metal hydroxides examples include potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), and the like.
- the alkali metal hydroxide may be ionized (dissociated) in the aqueous solution, or may exist as a salt.
- Alkali metal hydroxide is selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide from the viewpoint of easily suppressing the decrease in discharge capacity when zinc batteries are stored and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance. It preferably contains at least one kind of organic compound, and more preferably contains potassium hydroxide.
- the content of alkali metal hydroxides in the electrolyte is from the viewpoint of easily suppressing the decrease in discharge capacity during storage of zinc batteries, and from the viewpoint of obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance. From the viewpoint of ease of use, the following range is preferable based on the total mass of the electrolytic solution.
- the content of the alkali metal hydroxide is preferably 10% by mass or more, 15% by mass or more, 20% by mass or more, 25% by mass or more, or 30% by mass or more.
- the content of alkali metal hydroxide is preferably 50% by mass or less, 45% by mass or less, 40% by mass or less, or 35% by mass or less. From these points of view, the content of alkali metal hydroxide is preferably 10 to 50% by mass.
- the content of potassium hydroxide in the electrolyte is based on the total mass of the electrolyte, from the viewpoint of easily suppressing the decrease in discharge capacity during storage of the zinc battery and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance.
- the following ranges are preferred.
- the content of potassium hydroxide is preferably 10% by mass or more, 15% by mass or more, 20% by mass or more, 25% by mass or more, or 30% by mass or more.
- the content of potassium hydroxide is preferably 50% by mass or less, 45% by mass or less, 40% by mass or less, or 35% by mass or less. From these points of view, the content of potassium hydroxide is preferably 10 to 50% by mass.
- the content of lithium hydroxide in the electrolyte is based on the total mass of the electrolyte, from the viewpoint of easily suppressing the decrease in discharge capacity during storage of the zinc battery and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance.
- the following ranges are preferred.
- the content of lithium hydroxide is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, 0.3% by mass or more, 0.5% by mass or more, 0.8% by mass or more, or 1% by mass or more.
- the content of lithium hydroxide is preferably 3% by mass or less, 2% by mass or less, 1.5% by mass or less, or 1.2% by mass or less. From these points of view, the content of lithium hydroxide is preferably 0.1 to 3% by mass.
- the electrolytic solution according to this embodiment contains a surfactant.
- surfactants include cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants (nonionic surfactants), anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and the like.
- the surfactant contains at least one selected from the group consisting of cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and anionic surfactants from the viewpoint of easily suppressing deterioration in low-temperature discharge performance of zinc batteries. is preferred.
- the surfactant preferably contains a cationic surfactant, preferably a nonionic surfactant, and preferably an anionic surfactant.
- a cationic surfactant has a cationic hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group.
- Cationic surfactants include aliphatic amines or salts thereof, alkylamidoamine salts, monoalkyltrimethylammonium salts, dialkyldimethylammonium salts, alkylbenzyldimethylammonium salts, alkylpyridinium salts, quaternary ammonium salts such as benzethonium chloride salts. type cationic surfactants.
- the cationic surfactant preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of monoalkyltrimethylammonium salts and dialkyldimethylammonium salts, from the viewpoint of easily suppressing deterioration in low-temperature discharge performance of zinc batteries. It is more preferable to contain salt.
- a monoalkyltrimethylammonium salt and a dialkyldimethylammonium salt have, for example, a structure represented by the following general formula (2).
- n is 1 or 2
- R 2a and R 2b are each independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- X - is an anion.
- multiple R 2a may be the same or different.
- a plurality of R 2b may be the same or different from each other.
- the hydrocarbon group of R 2a may be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, and contains a cyclic structure such as an alicyclic structure. good too.
- the hydrocarbon group for R 2a is preferably an alkyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon group of R 2a is preferably 12-18, more preferably 14-16.
- the hydrocarbon group of R 2b may be linear or branched and either saturated or unsaturated.
- the hydrocarbon group for R 2b is preferably an alkyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon group of R 2b is preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 1, 2 or 3.
- X - may be any anion capable of forming a salt with the quaternary ammonium ion of formula (2), for example, halide ions such as F - , Cl - , Br - and I - ; It may be a carboxylate ion; a sulfate ion; a phosphate ion;
- monoalkyltrimethylammonium salts include dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, tridecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tridecyltrimethylammonium chloride, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride, and pentadecyltrimethylammonium bromide.
- pentadecyltrimethylammonium chloride hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, heptadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, heptadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride and the like.
- dialkyldimethylammonium salts include didodecyldimethylammonium bromide, didodecyldimethylammonium chloride, ditridecyldimethylammonium bromide, ditridecyldimethylammonium chloride, ditetradecyldimethylammonium bromide, ditetradecyldimethylammonium chloride, dipenta Decyldimethylammonium bromide, dipentadecyldimethylammonium chloride, dihexadecyldimethylammonium bromide, dihexadecyldimethylammonium chloride, diheptadecyldimethylammonium bromide, diheptadecyldimethylammonium chloride, dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide, dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride and the like.
- a nonionic surfactant has a nonionic hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group.
- nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene-containing ester compounds such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, and polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid esters; Examples include polyoxyethylene-containing ether compounds.
- the nonionic surfactant preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers and polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers, from the viewpoint of easily suppressing deterioration in low-temperature discharge performance of zinc batteries. More preferably, it contains ethylene alkylphenyl ether.
- Polyoxyethylene alkyl ether has, for example, a structure represented by the following general formula (1a).
- R 1a O(CH 2 CH 2 O) m1 H (1a) [In formula (1a), m1 is an integer of 2 to 60, and R 1a is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. ]
- Polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether has, for example, a structure represented by the following general formula (1b).
- m2 is an integer of 2 to 60
- R 1b is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbon groups of R 1a and R 1b may be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated.
- the hydrocarbon groups of R 1a and R 1b are preferably alkyl groups.
- the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon group of R 1a is preferably 10-18.
- the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon group of R 1b is preferably 4-12, more preferably 6-10, and still more preferably 8.
- m1 and m2 are average degrees of polymerization, preferably 5 to 12, more preferably 7 to 10.
- polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers include polyoxyethylene decyl ether, polyoxyethylene undecyl ether, polyoxyethylene dodecyl ether, polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether, polyoxyethylene tetradecyl ether, and polyoxyethylene pentadecyl ether. , polyoxyethylene hexadecyl ether, polyoxyethylene heptadecyl ether and polyoxyethylene octadecyl ether.
- polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether examples include polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether and polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether.
- anionic surfactant has an anionic hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group.
- anionic surfactants include polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphate (eg, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate), polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, styrene-acrylic acid copolymer.
- the anionic surfactant preferably contains a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphate, and more preferably contains a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate, from the viewpoint of easily suppressing deterioration in the low-temperature discharge performance of zinc batteries. .
- the surfactant contains a cationic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, or an anionic surfactant
- the cationic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, or anionic surfactant in the surfactant The content of is 50% by mass or more, 70% by mass or more, 90% by mass, based on the content of the surfactant (total mass of surfactants), from the viewpoint of easily suppressing the deterioration of the charge acceptance of the zinc battery. % or more, 95 mass % or more, 97 mass % or more, or 99 mass % or more is preferable.
- Surfactants are substantially nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, or embodiments consisting of cationic surfactants (substantially 100% by mass of surfactants are nonionic surfactants, anionic It may be a surfactant or a cationic surfactant).
- the content of the surfactant in the electrolytic solution is preferably 0.01% by mass or more based on the total mass of the electrolytic solution.
- the content of the surfactant is 0.05% by mass or more, 0.06% by mass or more, 0.07% by mass or more, 0.08% by mass or more, or 0.1 mass % or more is preferable.
- the content of the surfactant is 5% by mass or less, 2.5% by mass or less, 1% by mass or less, 0.7% by mass or less, or 0.5% by mass from the viewpoint of suppressing deterioration of the discharge performance of the zinc battery. % or less is preferable. From these points of view, the content of the surfactant is preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass.
- the content of the surfactant is particularly preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass from the viewpoint of suppressing deterioration of the discharge performance of the zinc battery.
- the content of the cationic surfactant in the electrolytic solution, the content of the nonionic surfactant, or The content of the anionic surfactant is preferably in the following range based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution, from the viewpoint of easily suppressing the deterioration of the discharge performance of the zinc battery.
- the content is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, 0.05% by mass or more, 0.06% by mass or more, 0.07% by mass or more, 0.08% by mass or more, or 0.1% by mass or more.
- the content is preferably 5% by mass or less, 2.5% by mass or less, 1% by mass or less, 0.7% by mass or less, or 0.5% by mass or less. From these points of view, the content is particularly preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass.
- the electrolytic solution according to the present embodiment may contain organic compounds containing oxygen atoms (excluding compounds corresponding to alkali metal hydroxides or surfactants; hereinafter sometimes referred to as "oxygen-containing compounds").
- the oxygen-containing compound may have a functional group containing an oxygen atom.
- functional groups containing an oxygen atom include carboxyl groups, carboxylic groups, hydroxyl groups (excluding OH structures contained in carboxyl groups), epoxy groups, ether groups, alkoxide groups, ester groups, ketone groups, aldehyde groups, and the like. be done.
- the oxygen-containing compound is a carboxy group, a carboxylic acid group, a hydroxyl group, an epoxy group, and an ether group from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity during storage of a zinc battery and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance. It is preferable to have at least one selected from the group consisting of
- the ratio of the number of OH structures to the number of carbon atoms in the oxygen-containing compound is from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity when storing a zinc battery. , and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance, the following range is preferable.
- the ratio is 0.01 or more, 0.03 or more, 0.05 or more, 0.1 or more, 0.2 or more, 0.3 or more, 0.4 or more, 0.5 or more, 0.6 or more, 0.6 or more. 7 or more, 0.8 or more, or 5/6 or more is preferable.
- the ratio is preferably 2 or less, 1.5 or less, 1.2 or less, 1 or less, 0.9 or less, or 5/6 or less. From these points of view, the ratio (number of OH structures/number of carbon atoms) is preferably 0.01-2.
- the oxygen-containing compound does not have to have an OH structure.
- Oxygen-containing compounds include sugars, carboxylic acids (excluding compounds corresponding to sugars), Carboxylate (excluding compounds corresponding to sugars), epoxy compounds (compounds having an epoxy group, excluding compounds corresponding to sugars, carboxylic acids or carboxylates), and ether compounds (compounds having an ether group; sugars , carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid salt, or epoxy compound).
- Monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, galactose, arabinose, ribose, mannose, xylose, sorbose, rhamnose, fucose, ribodesose, and hydrates thereof.
- Disaccharides include sucrose, maltose, trehalose, cellobiose, gentiobiose, lactose, melibiose, and hydrates thereof.
- Trisaccharides include kestose, melezitose, gentianose, raffinose, gentianose, and hydrates thereof.
- Polysaccharides include cyclodextrin (eg, ⁇ -cyclodextrin), stachyose, and the like.
- the sugar preferably contains a non-reducing sugar from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity during storage of the zinc battery and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance.
- a non-reducing sugar means a sugar that does not have a free reducing group with respect to a reducing sugar (a sugar that has a free aldehyde group or ketone group, or a hemiacetal-bonded aldehyde group or ketone group) (chemical Daijiten 1st Edition, published by Tokyo Kagaku Doujin Co., Ltd.). That is, a non-reducing sugar means a sugar that has neither a free aldehyde group nor a ketone group, nor a hemiacetal-bonded aldehyde group or ketone group.
- a non-reducing sugar may be a hydrate.
- Non-reducing sugars include disaccharides such as sucrose, trehalose and their hydrates; trisaccharides such as kestose, melezitose, gentianose and their hydrates; tetrasaccharides such as fungitetraose and their hydrates; -Cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin, and polysaccharides such as hydrates thereof.
- the non-reducing sugar may contain a disaccharide, and is selected from the group consisting of sucrose, trehalose, and hydrates thereof, from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent cycle characteristics and from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity. may contain at least one
- the content of the disaccharide in the non-reducing sugar is the content of the non-reducing sugar ( 50% by mass or more, 70% by mass or more, 90% by mass or more, 95% by mass or more, 97% by mass or more, or 99% by mass or more, based on the total mass of non-reducing sugars contained in the electrolytic solution) good.
- the non-reducing sugar may be in an embodiment consisting essentially of disaccharides (an embodiment in which substantially 100% by mass of the non-reducing sugars are disaccharides).
- the non-reducing sugar contains sucrose
- the content of sucrose in the non-reducing sugar may be within the above range from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent cycle characteristics and from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity.
- the content of trehalose in the non-reducing sugar may be within the above range from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent cycle characteristics and from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity.
- the number of methylol groups (--CH 2 OH) in the non-reducing sugar may be within the following range from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent cycle characteristics and from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity.
- the number of methylol groups may be 8 or less, 6 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, or 2 or less.
- the number of methylol groups may be two or more, or three or more. From these points of view, the number of methylol groups may be 2-8.
- the number of ether groups possessed by the non-reducing sugar may be within the following range from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent cycle characteristics and from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity.
- the number of ether groups may be 16 or less, 12 or less, 8 or less, 6 or less, or 4 or less.
- the number of ether groups may be 3 or more. From these points of view, the number of ether groups may be from 3 to 16.
- the number of hydroxy groups (excluding the OH structure included in the methylol group) possessed by the non-reducing sugar is in the following range from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent cycle characteristics and from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity.
- the number of hydroxy groups may be 16 or less, 12 or less, 8 or less, or 6 or less.
- the number of hydroxy groups may be 5 or more, or 6 or more. From these points of view, the number of hydroxy groups may be from 5 to 16.
- the number of carbon atoms in the non-reducing sugar may be within the following range from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent cycle characteristics and from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity.
- the carbon number may be 48 or less, 42 or less, 36 or less, 30 or less, 24 or less, or 18 or less.
- the carbon number may be 12 or more. From these viewpoints, the number of carbon atoms may be 12-48.
- the number of five-membered ring structures possessed by the non-reducing sugar may be within the following range from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent cycle characteristics and from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity.
- the number of five-membered ring structures may be 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, or 0.
- the number of five-membered ring structures may be 0, or 1 or more. From these points of view, the number of five-membered ring structures may be 0-5.
- the number of six-membered ring structures possessed by the non-reducing sugar may be within the following range from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent cycle characteristics and from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity.
- the number of six-membered ring structures may be 8 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, or 1.
- the number of six-membered ring structures may be one or more, or two or more. From these viewpoints, the number of six-membered ring structures may be 1-8.
- the content of non-reducing sugars in the electrolytic solution is the total amount of the electrolytic solution, from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent cycle characteristics and from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity. It may be in the following range on the basis of mass.
- the content of non-reducing sugar is 0.01% by mass or more, 0.1% by mass or more, 0.5% by mass or more, 1% by mass or more, 1.5% by mass or more, 2% by mass or more, 3% by mass or more , or 4% by mass or more.
- the content of non-reducing sugars is 20% by mass or less, 10% by mass or less, 8% by mass or less, 5% by mass or less, 4% by mass or less, 3% by mass or less, 2% by mass or less, or 1% by mass or less. It's okay. From these viewpoints, the content of non-reducing sugars is 0.01 to 20% by mass, 0.1 to 10% by mass, 1 to 8% by mass, 1 to 5% by mass, or 1 to 4% by mass. you can
- the content of the non-reducing sugar may be within the following range relative to 100 parts by mass of the alkali metal hydroxide, from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent cycle characteristics and from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity.
- the content of the non-reducing sugar may be 1 part by mass or more, 2 parts by mass or more, 3 parts by mass or more, 6 parts by mass or more, 9 parts by mass or more, or 13 parts by mass or more.
- the non-reducing sugar content may be 30 parts by mass or less, 20 parts by mass or less, 16 parts by mass or less, 14 parts by mass or less, 12 parts by mass or less, 10 parts by mass or less, or 7 parts by mass or less. From these points of view, the content of non-reducing sugars may be 1 to 30 parts by mass.
- Carboxylic acids include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, benzenehexacarboxylic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, aconitic acid, pyruvic acid, oxaloacetic acid, glycidyl formate, glycidyl acetate, glycidyl benzoate and the like.
- Examples of carboxylic acid salts include salts of these carboxylic acids.
- carboxylates examples include sodium salts (eg, disodium terephthalate), alkali metal salts such as potassium salts, and the like.
- the carboxylate preferably contains an alkali metal salt from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity when a zinc battery is stored and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance, and preferably contains a sodium salt. is more preferred.
- the oxygen-containing compound is a carboxylic acid having an aromatic ring and a carboxylic acid having an aromatic ring from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity during storage of a zinc battery and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance.
- It preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of acid salts, more preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid and terephthalic acid salts, and terephthalic acid and sodium salt of terephthalic acid It is more preferable to include at least one selected from the group consisting of:
- the number of carboxyl groups in the carboxylic acid or the number of carboxylic acid groups in the carboxylate is 1 or more, and from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity during storage of a zinc battery, and excellent high-rate discharge From the viewpoint of easily obtaining performance, the following range is preferable.
- the number of carboxyl groups or carboxylic acid groups is preferably two or more.
- the number of carboxyl groups or carboxylic acid groups is preferably 4 or less, 3 or less, or 2 or less.
- the number of carboxyl groups or carboxylic acid groups is preferably 1-4.
- Epoxy compounds include monofunctional epoxy compounds and polyfunctional epoxy compounds.
- Monofunctional epoxy compounds include 1,2-epoxyethane, 1,2-epoxypropane, 1,2-epoxybutane, 1,2-epoxy-2-methylpropane, 1-phenyl-1,2-epoxyethane, epichlorohydrin, epibromohydrin, glycidyl methyl ether, allyl glycidyl ether, polyethylene oxide glycidyl ether, glycidylamide, butyl glycidyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, stearyl glycidyl ether, lauryl glycidyl ether, butoxypolyethylene glycol glycidyl ether, phenol polyethylene glycol glycidyl ether, allyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, p-methylphenyl glycidy
- polyfunctional epoxy compounds examples include bisphenol A type epoxy compounds, bisphenol F type epoxy compounds, phenol novolak type epoxy compounds, cresol novolak type epoxy compounds, polyphenol type epoxy compounds, cycloaliphatic epoxy compounds, aliphatic glycidyl ether type epoxy compounds, Examples include glycidyl ester-based epoxy compounds, glycidyl diamine-based epoxy compounds, heterocyclic epoxy compounds, and the like.
- the oxygen-containing compound preferably contains a monofunctional epoxy compound from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity when a zinc battery is stored and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance. More preferably, it contains epoxy-2-methylpropane.
- Ether compounds include 18-crown-6, 15-crown-5, 12-crown-4, dibenzo-18-crown-6, dicyclohexano-18-crown-6, dibenzo-24-crown-8 and the like.
- crown ether compounds ; polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and polytetramethylene glycol; and glycerin.
- a polyether compound can be used as the ether compound.
- the oxygen-containing compound may contain an ether compound having a heterocyclic ring containing an ether group from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity during storage of a zinc battery and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance. More preferably, it contains 18-crown-6.
- the number of ether groups in the ether compound is 1 or more, and from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity during storage of a zinc battery and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance, the following range is preferable. .
- the number of ether groups is preferably 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, or 6 or more.
- the number of ether groups is preferably 10 or less, 9 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, or 6 or less.
- the number of ether groups is preferably 1-10.
- the oxygen-containing compound may contain an ether compound represented by the following general formula (3).
- n an integer of 1 to 10
- R 1 and R 2 represent organic groups.
- n may be in the following range from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent life performance and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance. n may be 8 or less, 6 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, or 2 or less. n may be 2 or more, 3 or more, or 4 or more. From these points of view, n may be 1-8, 1-6, or 1-4.
- the number of ether groups in the ether compound represented by the general formula (3) may be within the following range from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent life performance and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance.
- the number of ether groups may be 9 or less, 7 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, or 3 or less.
- the number of ether groups may be 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, or 5 or more. From these points of view, the number of ether groups may be 1-9, 2-7, or 2-5.
- Both R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (3) may be organic groups from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent life performance and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance.
- organic groups include alkyl groups, aryl groups, ester groups, carboxyl groups, and carboxylic acid groups (sodium salts, potassium salts, etc.).
- the organic group may be an alkyl group or an aryl group, or may be an alkyl group, from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent life performance and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance.
- the organic group may have a substituent.
- substituents include halogen atoms, carboxyl groups, carboxylic acid groups, ether groups, alkoxide groups, ester groups, ketone groups, and aldehyde groups.
- the organic group may be an organic group having no substituent, an alkyl group having no substituent, or , may be an unsubstituted aryl group or an unsubstituted alkyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the organic group (including the carbon atoms of the substituents of the organic group) is 8 or less, 6 or less, 4 or less from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent life performance and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance. , 3 or less, 2 or less, or 1.
- the number of carbon atoms in the organic group may be 1 or more. From these points of view, the number of carbon atoms in the organic group may be 1-8.
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched.
- the alkyl group may be a linear alkyl group from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent life performance and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance, and may be a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, or an n -It may be a butyl group, or it may be a methyl group.
- R 1 and R 2 may be the same organic group, the same alkyl group, or a methyl group from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent life performance and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance.
- Examples of the ether compound represented by the general formula (3) include polyoxyethylene dialkyl ethers (hereinafter sometimes referred to as glyme compounds) and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether compounds such as polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers. .
- the ether compound represented by the general formula (3) may contain a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether compound from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent life performance and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance, and a glyme compound. may contain.
- Glyme compounds include polyoxyethylene dimethyl ether, polyoxyethylene diethyl ether, polyoxyethylene dipropyl ether, polyoxyethylene dibutyl ether, polyoxyethylene dipentyl ether, polyoxyethylene dihexyl ether, polyoxyethylene diheptyl ether, Examples include polyoxyethylene dioctyl ether, polyoxyethylene methyl ethyl ether, and the like.
- Glyme compounds include monoglyme compounds such as monoglyme (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether), ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dipropyl ether, and ethylene glycol dibutyl ether; diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dipropyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, etc.
- Triglyme compounds such as triglyme (triethylene glycol dimethyl ether), triethylene glycol diethyl ether, triethylene glycol dipropyl ether, triethylene glycol dibutyl ether; tetraglyme (tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether), tetraethylene glycol diethyl ether, It may be a tetraglyme compound such as tetraethylene glycol dipropyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dibutyl ether, and the like.
- the ether compound represented by the general formula (3) consists of a monoglyme compound, a diglyme compound, a triglyme compound, and a tetraglyme compound from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent life performance and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance. It may contain at least one selected from the group, may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of monoglyme, diglyme, triglyme and tetraglyme, may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of diglyme and triglyme, and may contain diglyme may contain.
- Polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers include polyoxyethylene methyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene ethyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene propyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene butyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene pentyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene hexyl phenyl ether. ether, polyoxyethylene heptylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether and the like.
- the content of the glyme compound in the ether compound represented by the general formula (3) is from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent life performance and excellent From the viewpoint of easily obtaining high-rate discharge performance, based on the content of the ether compound represented by general formula (3) (total amount of ether compounds represented by general formula (3)), 50% by mass or more, 70 % by mass or more, 90% by mass or more, 95% by mass or more, 97% by mass or more, or 99% by mass or more.
- the ether compound represented by the general formula (3) may be in an aspect substantially consisting of a glyme compound (100% by mass of the ether compound substantially represented by the general formula (3) is a glyme compound).
- the content of the ether compound represented by the general formula (3) is based on 100 parts by mass of the alkali metal hydroxide from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent life performance and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance. It may be in the following range.
- the content of the ether compound represented by general formula (3) may be 1 part by mass or more, 3 parts by mass or more, 5 parts by mass or more, 5.5 parts by mass or more, or 6 parts by mass or more.
- the ether compound represented by the general formula (3) is 30 parts by mass or less, 20 parts by mass or less, 15 parts by mass or less, 12 parts by mass or less, 10 parts by mass or less, 8 parts by mass or less, 7 parts by mass or less, or It may be 6.5 parts by mass or less. From these points of view, the content of the ether compound represented by formula (3) may be 1 to 30 parts by mass.
- the molecular weight of the oxygen-containing compound is 50 or more, 70 or more, 80 or more, 100 or more, from the viewpoint of easily suppressing the decrease in discharge capacity during storage of the zinc battery and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance. 120 or more, 150 or more, 160 or more, 170 or more, or 180 or more is preferable.
- the molecular weight of the oxygen-containing compound is 2000 or less, 1500 or less, 1300 or less, 1200 or less, from the viewpoint of easily suppressing the decrease in discharge capacity during storage of the zinc battery and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance. 1000 or less, 800 or less, or 600 or less is preferable. From these points of view, the molecular weight of the oxygen-containing compound is preferably 50-2000.
- the molecular weight of the oxygen-containing compound may be 190 or greater, 200 or greater, 210 or greater, 220 or greater, 240 or greater, 260 or greater, 300 or greater, 340 or greater, 350 or greater, 400 or greater, 450 or greater, or 500 or greater.
- the molecular weight of the oxygen-containing compound is 500 or less, 400 or less, 350 or less, 340 or less, 320 or less, 300 or less, 280 or less, 270 or less, 260 or less, 250 or less, 230 or less, 220 or less, 210 or less, 200 or less, 190 or less, or 185 or less.
- the molecular weight is a value measured by GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) method.
- GPC Gel Permeation Chromatography
- the oxygen-containing compound it is preferable to use a compound that is highly soluble in the electrolytic solution. Even compounds that are not highly soluble can be used after removing the residue by filtration or the like.
- the electrolytic solution according to this embodiment may not contain alcohol.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound in the electrolytic solution is preferably within the following ranges based on the total mass of the electrolytic solution.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound is 0.1% by mass or more and 0.3% by mass from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity during storage of a zinc battery and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance. % or more, 0.5 mass % or more, 0.8 mass % or more, or 1 mass % or more is preferable.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound is 5% by mass or less and 4.5% by mass or less from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity when storing a zinc battery and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound is preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound is 1.2% by mass or more, 1.5% by mass or more, 1.8% by mass or more, 2% by mass, from the viewpoint of further suppressing the decrease in discharge capacity during storage of the zinc battery. % or more, 2.2 mass % or more, 2.5 mass % or more, 2.7 mass % or more, or 3 mass % or more.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound may be 3.5% by mass or more, 4% by mass or more, 4.5% by mass or more, or 5% by mass or more.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound is 2.7% by mass or less, 2.5% by mass or less, 2.2% by mass or less, 2% by mass or less, 1.7% by mass or less, from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance. % by mass or less, 1.5% by mass or less, 1.2% by mass or less, or 1% by mass or less is preferable.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound may be less than 0.5 mol/L based on the total amount of the electrolyte.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound is preferably in the following range with respect to 1 part by mass of the surfactant.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound is 2 parts by mass or more, 3 parts by mass or more, It is preferably at least 10 parts by mass, at least 10 parts by mass, at least 50 parts by mass, at least 80 parts by mass, or at least 100 parts by mass.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound is 1000 parts by mass or less, 800 parts by mass or less, 600 parts by mass or less, from the viewpoint of easily suppressing the decrease in discharge capacity during storage of the zinc battery and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound may be 2 to 1000 parts by mass, preferably 10 to 1000 parts by mass.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound is preferably 150 parts by mass or more, 200 parts by mass or more, 250 parts by mass or more, or 300 parts by mass or more from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity during storage of the zinc battery.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound may be 350 parts by mass or more, 400 parts by mass or more, 450 parts by mass or more, or 500 parts by mass or more.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound is preferably 250 parts by mass or less, 200 parts by mass or less, 150 parts by mass or less, or 100 parts by mass or less.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound is preferably in the following range with respect to 100 parts by mass of the alkali metal hydroxide.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound is 1 part by mass or more and 1.5 parts by mass or more from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity during storage of a zinc battery and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance. , 2 parts by mass or more, 2.5 parts by mass or more, or 3 parts by mass or more.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound is 30 parts by mass or less, 25 parts by mass or less, 20 parts by mass or less, from the viewpoint of easily suppressing a decrease in discharge capacity during storage of a zinc battery and from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound is preferably 1 to 30 parts by mass.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound is 4 parts by mass or more, 5 parts by mass or more, 6 parts by mass or more, 7 parts by mass or more, and 8 parts by mass from the viewpoint of further suppressing the decrease in discharge capacity during storage of the zinc battery. or more, or 9 parts by mass or more is preferable.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound may be 10 parts by mass or more, 12 parts by mass or more, 13 parts by mass or more, 15 parts by mass or more, or 16 parts by mass or more.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound is 9 parts by mass or less, 8 parts by mass or less, 7 parts by mass or less, 6 parts by mass or less, 5 parts by mass or less, or 4 parts by mass from the viewpoint of easily obtaining excellent high-rate discharge performance. Part or less is preferred.
- the electrolytic solution according to this embodiment can contain a liquid medium such as water (eg, ion-exchanged water).
- a liquid medium such as water (eg, ion-exchanged water).
- a nickel-zinc battery will be described below as an example of a zinc battery using the electrolytic solution according to the above embodiment.
- a zinc battery according to this embodiment includes, for example, a battery case, an electrode group (for example, an electrode plate group) and an electrolytic solution housed in the battery case.
- the zinc battery according to this embodiment may be either after formation or unformed.
- the electrode group includes, for example, a positive electrode (eg, positive electrode plate), a negative electrode (eg, negative electrode plate), and a separator.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are adjacent to each other with one or more separators interposed therebetween. That is, one or more separators are provided between the adjacent positive electrode and negative electrode.
- the electrode group may comprise a plurality of positive electrodes, negative electrodes and separators. When the electrode group includes a plurality of positive electrodes and/or a plurality of negative electrodes, the positive electrodes and the negative electrodes may be alternately laminated with separators interposed therebetween.
- the plurality of positive electrodes and the plurality of negative electrodes may be connected by straps, for example.
- the negative electrode has a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode material (electrode material) supported by the current collector.
- the negative electrode may be formed before or after chemical conversion.
- the negative electrode current collector constitutes a conductive path for current from the negative electrode material.
- the negative electrode current collector has, for example, a plate shape, a sheet shape, or the like.
- the negative electrode current collector may be a current collector having a three-dimensional mesh structure made of foamed metal, expanded metal, punched metal, metal fiber felt, or the like.
- the negative electrode current collector is made of a material having electrical conductivity and alkali resistance.
- Such materials include materials that are stable even at the reaction potential of the negative electrode (materials that have a nobler oxidation-reduction potential than the reaction potential of the negative electrode, materials that form a protective film such as an oxide film on the substrate surface in an alkaline aqueous solution, and (such as a material that stabilizes by In the negative electrode, a decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution progresses as a side reaction to generate hydrogen gas, and a material having a high hydrogen overvoltage is preferable in that the progress of such a side reaction can be suppressed.
- Specific examples of materials constituting the negative electrode current collector include zinc; lead; tin; metal materials plated with metal such as tin (copper, brass, steel, nickel, etc.).
- the negative electrode material is, for example, layered. That is, the negative electrode may have a negative electrode material layer.
- the negative electrode material layer may be formed on the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode material may be filled between the meshes of the current collector to form a negative electrode material layer.
- the negative electrode material contains a negative electrode active material (electrode active material) containing zinc.
- negative electrode active materials include metal zinc, zinc oxide, and zinc hydroxide.
- the negative electrode active material may contain one of these components alone, or may contain a plurality of them.
- the negative electrode material contains, for example, metallic zinc in a fully charged state, and zinc oxide and zinc hydroxide in a discharged state.
- the end-of-discharge state refers to a state in which the battery is discharged to a final voltage of 1.1V.
- the negative electrode active material is, for example, particulate. That is, the negative electrode material may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of metallic zinc particles, zinc oxide particles and zinc hydroxide particles.
- the content of the negative electrode active material may be, for example, 50 to 95% by mass based on the total mass of the negative electrode material.
- the negative electrode material may contain additives.
- a binder etc. are mentioned as an additive. Binders include polytetrafluoroethylene, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene, polypropylene and the like. The content of the binder may be, for example, 0.5 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the negative electrode active material.
- the positive electrode includes, for example, a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode material supported by the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode may be formed before or after formation.
- the positive electrode current collector constitutes a conductive path for current from the positive electrode material.
- the positive electrode current collector has, for example, a plate shape, a sheet shape, or the like.
- the positive electrode current collector may be a current collector having a three-dimensional mesh structure made of foamed metal, expanded metal, punched metal, metal fiber felt, or the like.
- the positive electrode current collector is made of a material having electrical conductivity and alkali resistance.
- Such materials include materials that are stable even at the reaction potential of the positive electrode (materials that have a nobler oxidation-reduction potential than the reaction potential of the positive electrode, materials that form a protective film such as an oxide film on the substrate surface in an alkaline aqueous solution, and (such as a material that stabilizes by In the positive electrode, a decomposition reaction of the electrolyte progresses as a side reaction to generate oxygen gas, and a material having a high oxygen overvoltage is preferable in that it can suppress the progress of such a side reaction.
- Specific examples of materials constituting the positive electrode current collector include platinum; nickel (foamed nickel, etc.); metal materials plated with metal such as nickel (copper, brass, steel, etc.).
- a positive electrode current collector made of foamed nickel is preferably used. From the viewpoint of further improving the high-rate discharge performance, it is preferable that at least the portion of the positive electrode current collector that supports the positive electrode material (positive electrode material supporting portion) is made of foamed nickel.
- the positive electrode material is, for example, layered. That is, the positive electrode may have a positive electrode material layer.
- the positive electrode material layer may be formed on the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode material supporting portion of the positive electrode current collector has a three-dimensional mesh structure, the positive electrode material may be filled between the meshes of the current collector to form a positive electrode material layer.
- the positive electrode material contains a positive electrode active material (electrode active material) containing nickel.
- the positive electrode active material include nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) and nickel hydroxide.
- the positive electrode material contains, for example, nickel oxyhydroxide in a fully charged state and nickel hydroxide in a discharged state.
- the content of the positive electrode active material may be, for example, 50 to 95% by mass based on the total mass of the positive electrode material.
- the positive electrode material may further contain other components other than the positive electrode active material as additives.
- Additives include binders (binding agents), conductive agents, expansion inhibitors, and the like.
- Binders include hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymers. Specifically, for example, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), sodium polyacrylate (SPA), fluorine-based polymers (polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), etc.) and the like are used as binders. can be used as The content of the binder may be, for example, 0.01 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material.
- Examples of conductive agents include cobalt compounds (metallic cobalt, cobalt oxide, cobalt hydroxide, etc.).
- the content of the conductive agent may be, for example, 1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material.
- Expansion inhibitors include zinc oxide and the like.
- the content of the expansion inhibitor may be, for example, 0.01 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material.
- the separator may be, for example, a separator having a plate shape, sheet shape, or the like.
- separators include polyolefin microporous membranes, nylon microporous membranes, oxidation-resistant ion-exchange resin membranes, regenerated cellophane resin membranes, microporous membranes containing inorganic particles, and polyolefin nonwoven fabrics.
- the separator may be processed into a bag shape so as to accommodate the positive electrode and/or the negative electrode. In this case, the positive electrode and/or the negative electrode may be housed in a separator.
- One type of separator may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the manufacturing method of the nickel-zinc battery described above includes, for example, a component manufacturing process for obtaining the component members of the zinc battery, and an assembly process for assembling the component members to obtain the zinc battery.
- a component manufacturing process for obtaining the component members of the zinc battery
- an assembly process for assembling the component members to obtain the zinc battery.
- at least electrodes are obtained.
- an electrode material paste (paste-like electrode material) is obtained by adding a solvent (e.g., water) to the raw materials of the electrode materials (positive electrode material and negative electrode material) and kneading, and then the electrode material paste is obtained.
- a solvent e.g., water
- the electrode material paste is obtained by forming an electrode material layer using
- Raw materials for positive electrode materials include raw materials for positive electrode active materials (for example, nickel hydroxide), additives (for example, the binder described above), and the like.
- Raw materials for negative electrode materials include raw materials for negative electrode active materials (eg, metallic zinc, zinc oxide, and zinc hydroxide), additives (eg, binders), and the like.
- the electrode material layer for example, a method of applying or filling an electrode material paste to a current collector and then drying it can be used to obtain the electrode material layer. If necessary, the electrode material layer may be densified by pressing with a roller or the like.
- the positive electrodes and the negative electrodes are connected with straps to produce an electrode group.
- a cover is adhered to the upper surface of the container to obtain an unformed zinc battery (nickel-zinc battery).
- the battery is charged under predetermined conditions and chemically formed to obtain a zinc battery (nickel-zinc battery). Formation conditions can be adjusted according to the properties of the electrode active materials (positive electrode active material and negative electrode active material). For example, by charging at 32 mA for 12 hours, a nickel-zinc battery after chemical conversion can be produced.
- a nickel-zinc battery for example, a nickel-zinc secondary battery
- the positive electrode is a nickel electrode
- it may be a silver-zinc battery (for example, a silver-zinc secondary battery) in which the positive electrode is a silver oxide electrode.
- the direct current resistance (DCR) per total electrode area at -30 ° C. is ideally most preferably 0 ⁇ cm 2 , but practically is difficult, and at least 20 ⁇ cm 2 or less, 15 ⁇ cm 2 or less, 10 ⁇ cm 2 or less, 5 ⁇ cm 2 or less, or 1 ⁇ cm 2 or less is preferable.
- the air electrode of the zinc-air battery a known air electrode used for zinc-air batteries can be used.
- the cathode includes, for example, a cathode catalyst, an electronically conductive material, and the like.
- an air electrode catalyst that also functions as an electronically conductive material can be used.
- the air electrode catalyst it is possible to use one that functions as a positive electrode in a zinc-air battery, and various air electrode catalysts that can use oxygen as a positive electrode active material can be used.
- the air electrode catalyst carbon-based materials (graphite, etc.) having redox catalytic function, metal materials (platinum, nickel, etc.) having redox catalytic function, inorganic oxide materials (perovskite oxide, etc.) having redox catalytic function , manganese dioxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, spinel oxide, etc.).
- the shape of the air electrode catalyst is not particularly limited, it may be particulate, for example.
- the amount of the air electrode catalyst used in the air electrode may be 5 to 70% by volume, 5 to 60% by volume, or 5 to 50% by volume relative to the total volume of the air electrode. good too.
- the electronically conductive material a material that has electrical conductivity and enables electronic conduction between the air electrode catalyst and the separator can be used.
- electron conductive materials include carbon blacks such as ketjen black, acetylene black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black; graphites such as natural graphite such as flake graphite, artificial graphite, and expanded graphite; conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers; metal powders such as copper, silver, nickel and aluminum; organic electronic conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives;
- the shape of the electron conductive material may be particulate or other shapes.
- the electronically conductive material is preferably used in a form that provides a continuous phase in the thickness direction in the air electrode.
- the electronically conductive material may be a porous material.
- the electronically conductive material may be in the form of a mixture or composite with the air electrode catalyst, and as described above, may be the air electrode catalyst that also functions as an electronically conductive material.
- the amount of the electronically conductive material used in the air electrode may be 10 to 80% by volume, 15 to 80% by volume, or 20 to 80% by volume relative to the total volume of the air electrode.
- the silver oxide electrode of the silver-zinc battery a known silver oxide electrode used for silver-zinc batteries can be used.
- the silver oxide electrode contains, for example, silver (I) oxide.
- tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (special grade reagent, manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was used.
- ⁇ Preparation of positive electrode> A grid body made of foamed nickel with a porosity of 95% was prepared, and the grid body was pressure-molded to obtain a positive electrode current collector. Next, cobalt-coated nickel hydroxide powder (Gold Shine Energy Material Co., Ltd., Y6 (trade name)), metallic cobalt (manufactured by Nikkoshi Co., Ltd., EXTRA FINE (trade name)), cobalt hydroxide (Ise Chemical Co., Ltd.
- yttrium oxide manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., reagent special grade
- carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, manufactured by Weiyi Chemicals (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., BH90-3 (trade name)
- polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE
- D210-C trade name manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.
- the water content of the positive electrode material paste was adjusted to 27.5% by mass based on the total mass of the positive electrode material paste.
- the positive electrode material paste was applied to the positive electrode material supporting portion of the positive electrode current collector, and then dried at 80° C. for 30 minutes. After that, pressure molding was performed using a roll press to obtain an unformed positive electrode having a positive electrode material layer.
- a negative electrode current collector As a negative electrode current collector, a tin-plated steel plate perforated metal having a porosity of 50% was prepared. Next, zinc oxide (manufactured by Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd., general product), metallic zinc (manufactured by Mitsui Kinzoku Mining Co., Ltd., MA-ZB (trade name)), bismuth oxide (manufactured by Corefront Co., Ltd., 4115CB (trade name)) , hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC, manufactured by Sumitomo Seika Co., Ltd., AV-15F (trade name)) and ion-exchanged water were weighed and mixed in predetermined amounts, and the resulting mixture was stirred to prepare a negative electrode material paste.
- zinc oxide manufactured by Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd., general product
- metallic zinc manufactured by Mitsui Kinzoku Mining Co., Ltd., MA-ZB (trade name)
- the water content of the negative electrode material paste was adjusted to 22.5% by mass based on the total mass of the negative electrode material paste.
- the negative electrode material paste was applied onto the negative electrode current collector and then dried at 80° C. for 30 minutes. After that, pressure molding was performed using a roll press to obtain an unformed negative electrode having a negative electrode material (negative electrode material layer).
- UP3355 manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd., trade name, air permeability: 440 sec/100 mL
- nonwoven fabric manufactured by Nippon Kodoshi Kogyo Co., Ltd., trade name: VL-100, permeability
- Atmosphere 0.3 sec/100 mL
- the microporous membrane was hydrophilized with a surfactant Triton-X100 (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Japan LLC) before battery assembly.
- Hydrophilization was performed by immersing the microporous membrane in an aqueous solution containing 1% by mass of Triton-X100 for 24 hours and then drying at room temperature for 1 hour.
- the air permeability of the microporous membrane indicates the value after hydrophilization treatment. Further, the microporous membrane was cut into a predetermined size, folded in half, and the sides were heat-sealed with the folded portion as the bottom to form a bag.
- the nonwoven fabric was cut into a predetermined size and used.
- the air permeability referred to here is a value measured by a method according to JIS P 8117:2009.
- a positive electrode (unformed positive electrode) and a negative electrode (unformed negative electrode) were placed one by one in a bag-shaped microporous film. After stacking the positive electrode housed in the bag-shaped microporous film, the negative electrode housed in the bag-shaped microporous film, and the non-woven fabric, the electrode plates of the same polarity are connected with a strap to form an electrode group (electrode group). plate group) were produced.
- the electrode group consisted of two positive electrodes and three negative electrodes, and one non-woven fabric was arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode (between the microporous film on the positive electrode side and the microporous film on the negative electrode side).
- the unit “C” relatively represents the magnitude of the current when the rated capacity is discharged at a constant current from the fully charged state.
- the unit “C” means “discharge current value (A)/battery capacity (Ah)".
- A discharge current value
- Ah battery capacity
- the current that can completely discharge the rated capacity in 1 hour is defined as “1C”
- the current value that can be discharged in 2 hours is defined as "0.5C”.
- DCR ⁇ ( ⁇ V 0.5C ⁇ V)(I 0.5C ⁇ I)+( ⁇ V 1.0C ⁇ V)(I 1.0C ⁇ I)+( ⁇ V 2.0C ⁇ V)(I 2.0C ⁇ I) + ( ⁇ V 3.0C ⁇ V)(I 3.0C ⁇ I) ⁇ / ⁇ (I 0.5C ⁇ I) 2 +(I 1.0C ⁇ I) 2 +(I 2.0C ⁇ I ) 2 + (I 3.0C -I) 2 ⁇ A E
- I (I 0.5C + I 1.0C + I 2.0C + I 3.0C )/4
- V ⁇ V 0.5C + ⁇ V 1.0C + ⁇ V 2.0C + ⁇ V 3.0C )/4
- I 0.5C , I 1.0C , I 2.0C and I 3.0C denote discharge current values corresponding to discharge rates of 0.5C, 1.0C, 2.0C and 3.0C, respectively, and ⁇ V 0.5C , ⁇ V 1.0C ,
- each compound name A to G is as follows.
- G Tetraglyme
- the DCR of the zinc batteries of Examples 1-2 containing no oxygen-containing compound is lower than the DCR of the zinc batteries of Comparative Examples 1-2.
- the cycle life performance of the zinc batteries of Examples 4-20 and Comparative Examples 1-2 are equivalent, and the DCR of the zinc batteries of Examples 4-20 is greater than the DCR of the zinc batteries of Comparative Examples 1-2. reduced. This is probably because the diffusibility of the electrolytic solution to the surface of the active material was further improved.
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Abstract
Description
(正極)2NiOOH+2H2O+2e- → 2Ni(OH)2+2OH-
(負極)Zn+2OH- → Zn(OH)2+2e-
<1> アルカリ金属水酸化物と、界面活性剤と、を含有する、亜鉛電池用電解液であって、前記界面活性剤の含有量が、前記亜鉛電池用電解液の全質量に対して0.01質量%以上である亜鉛電池用電解液。
<2> 前記アルカリ金属水酸化物が水酸化カリウムを含む、<1>に記載の亜鉛電池用電解液。
<3> 前記界面活性剤がカチオン性界面活性剤、ノニオン性界面活性剤及びアニオン性界面活性剤からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む、<1>又は<2>に記載の亜鉛電池用電解液。
<4> 前記亜鉛電池用電解液が酸素原子を含む有機化合物を含有する<1>~<3>のいずれか一項に記載の亜鉛電池用電解液。
<5> 前記酸素原子を含む有機化合物が、カルボキシ基、カルボン酸塩基、水酸基、エポキシ基及びエーテル基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を有する、<4>に記載の亜鉛電池用電解液。
<6> 前記酸素原子を含む有機化合物が、エーテル基を含む複素環を有するエーテル化合物を含む、<4>又は<5>に記載の亜鉛電池用電解液。
<7> 前記酸素原子を含む有機化合物が、下記一般式(3)で表されるエーテル化合物を含む、<4>~<6>のいずれか一項に記載の亜鉛電池用電解液。
<8> 前記一般式(3)における有機基が、アルキル基又はアリール基である、<7>に記載の亜鉛電池用電解液。
<9> 前記一般式(3)で表されるエーテル化合物が、グライム化合物を含む、<7>又は<8>に記載の亜鉛電池用電解液。
<10> 前記グライム化合物が、モノグライム、ジグライム、トリグライム及びテトラグライムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む、<9>に記載の亜鉛電池用電解液。
<11> 正極と、負極と、<1>~<10>のいずれか一項に記載の亜鉛電池用電解液と、を備える、亜鉛電池。
(R2a)nN+(R2b)4-n X- ・・・(2)
[式(2)中、nは1又は2であり、R2a及びR2bは、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1~20の炭化水素基であり、X-は、アニオンである。nが2である場合、複数のR2aは互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよい。複数のR2bは、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよい。]
ノニオン性界面活性剤は、亜鉛電池の低温放電性能の低下を抑制しやすい観点から、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル及びポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテルからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を含むことが好ましく、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテルを含むことがより好ましい。
R1aO(CH2CH2O)m1H ・・・(1a)
[式(1a)中、m1は、2~60の整数であり、R1aは、炭素数1~30の炭化水素基である。]
R1bC6H4O(CH2CH2O)m2H ・・・(1b)
[式(1b)中、m2は、2~60の整数であり、R1bは、炭素数1~30の炭化水素基である。]
酸素含有化合物の含有量は、更に優れた高率放電性能を得やすい観点から、2.7質量%以下、2.5質量%以下、2.2質量%以下、2質量%以下、1.7質量%以下、1.5質量%以下、1.2質量%以下、又は、1質量%以下が好ましい。酸素含有化合物の含有量は、電解液の全量を基準として0.5mol/L未満であってよい。
上記亜鉛電池は、低温での放電性能の低下抑制の観点から、―30℃での総電極面積あたりの直流抵抗(DCR)は、理想的には、0Ω・cm2が最も好ましいが、実用上は困難であり、少なくとも20Ω・cm2以下、15Ω・cm2以下、10Ω・cm2以下、5Ω・cm2以下、又は、1Ω・cm2以下が好ましい。
(実施例1~20及び比較例1~2)
イオン交換水、水酸化カリウム(KOH)、水酸化リチウム(LiOH)、及び、下記表1に示す添加剤(界面活性剤及び/又は酸素含有化合物)を混合することにより電解液(電解液全質量に対し、水酸化カリウム:30質量%、水酸化リチウム:1質量%、添加剤:表1に示す含有量)を調製した。
空隙率95%の発泡ニッケルからなる格子体を用意し、格子体を加圧成形することで正極集電体を得た。次いで、コバルトコート水酸化ニッケル粉末(Gold Shine Energy Material Co.,Ltd製、Y6(商品名))、金属コバルト(ニッコーシ株式会社製、EXTRA FINE(商品名))、水酸化コバルト(伊勢化学工業株式会社製)、酸化イットリウム(富士フィルム和光純薬株式会社製、試薬特級)、カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC、威怡化工(蘇州)有限公司製、BH90―3(商品名))、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE、ダイキン工業株式会社製、D210-C(商品名))、イオン交換水を所定量秤量して混合し、混合液を攪拌することにより、正極材ペーストを作製した。この際、固形分の質量比を、「水酸化ニッケル:金属コバルト:酸化イットリウム:水酸化コバルト:CMC:PTFE=88.0:10.3:1.0:0.3:0.3:0.1」に調整した。正極材ペーストの水分量は、正極材ペーストの全質量基準で27.5質量%に調整した。次いで、正極材ペーストを正極集電体の正極材支持部に塗布した後、80℃で30分乾燥した。その後、ロールプレスにて加圧成形し、正極材層を有する未化成の正極を得た。
負極集電体として開孔率50%のスズメッキを施した鋼板パンチングメタルを用意した。次いで、酸化亜鉛(三井金属鉱業株式会社製、一般品)、金属亜鉛(三井金属鉱業株式会社製、MA-ZB(商品名))、酸化ビスマス(コアフロント株式会社製、4115CB(商品名))、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース(HEC、住友精化株式会社製、AV-15F(商品名))及びイオン交換水を所定量秤量して混合し、得られた混合液を攪拌することにより負極材ペーストを作製した。この際、固形分の質量比を「酸化亜鉛:金属亜鉛:酸化ビスマス:HEC=73.0:20.5:5.0:1.5」に調整した。負極材ペーストの水分量は、負極材ペーストの全質量基準で22.5質量%に調整した。次いで、負極材ペーストを負極集電体上に塗布した後、80℃で30分乾燥した。その後、ロールプレスにて加圧成形し、負極材(負極材層)を有する未化成の負極を得た。
セパレータには、微多孔膜として、UP3355(宇部興産株式会社製、商品名、透気度:440sec/100mL)、不織布として、不織布(ニッポン高度紙工業株式会社製、商品名:VL-100、透気度:0.3sec/100mL)を、それぞれ用いた。微多孔膜は、電池組立て前に、界面活性剤Triton-X100(シグマアルドリッチジャパン合同会社製)で、親水化処理した。親水化処理は、Triton-X100が1質量%の量で含まれる水溶液に微多孔膜を24時間浸漬した後、室温で1時間乾燥する方法で行った。なお、微多孔膜の透気度は親水化処理後の値を示す。さらに、微多孔膜は、所定の大きさに裁断し、それを半分に折り、折り部を底部として側面を熱溶着することで袋状に加工した。不織布は、所定の大きさに裁断したものを使用した。尚、ここでいう透気度は、JIS P 8117:2009に準ずる方法で測定される値である。
袋状に加工した微多孔膜に、正極(未化成の正極)及び負極(未化成の負極)を1枚ずつ収納した。袋状の微多孔膜に収納された正極と、袋状の微多孔膜に収納された負極と、不織布と、を積層した後、同極性の極板同士をストラップで連結させて電極群(極板群)を作製した。電極群は、正極2枚及び負極3枚で、正極と負極の間(正極側の微多孔膜と負極側の微多孔膜との間)に不織布を1枚ずつ配置した構成とした。この電極群を電槽内に配置した後、電槽の上面に蓋体を接着し、上記電解液を電槽内に注入することにより、未化成のニッケル亜鉛電池を得た。その後、雰囲気温度25℃、32mA、12時間の条件で充電を行い、公称容量が320mAhのニッケル亜鉛電池を作製した。
上述の実施例及び比較例のニッケル亜鉛電池を用いて、25℃の環境下において、1.9Vの定電圧充電(電流値16mA(0.05C))まで減衰した時点で充電終止)を行った後に、-30℃の環境下において、160mA(0.5C)、320mA(1C)、640mA(2C)、及び960mA(3C)の電流値でそれぞれ定電流放電を1秒行い、下記の式により総電極面積あたりの直流抵抗(DCR)を算出した。定電流放電後はそれぞれ-30℃の環境下で1Cの定電流充電(電流値320mA)で放電容量=充電容量となるように充電した。なお、単位「C」とは、満充電状態から定格容量を定電流放電するときの電流の大きさを相対的に表したものである。単位「C」は、「放電電流値(A)/電池容量(Ah)」を意味する。例えば、定格容量を1時間で完全放電させることができる電流を「1C」、2時間で放電させることができる電流値を「0.5C」と定義する。
DCR={(ΔV0.5C-V)(I0.5C-I)+(ΔV1.0C-V)(I1.0C-I)+(ΔV2.0C-V)(I2.0C―I)+(ΔV3.0C-V)(I3.0C―I)}/{(I0.5C-I)2+(I1.0C-I)2+(I2.0C-I)2+(I3.0C-I)2}・AE
ここで、I=(I0.5C+I1.0C+I2.0C+I3.0C)/4、V=ΔV0.5C+ΔV1.0C+ΔV2.0C+ΔV3.0C)/4であり、I0.5C、I1.0C、I2.0C及びI3.0Cは、それぞれ放電レート、0.5C、1.0C、2.0C及び3.0Cに相当する放電電流値を示し、ΔV0.5C、ΔV1.0C、ΔV2.0C及びΔV3.0Cは、それぞれの放電電流値における1秒後の電圧変化を示す。AEは総電極面積を示す。
70℃において、電流値が16mA(0.05C)に減衰するまで105.7mA(0.33C)、1.88Vの定電圧でニッケル亜鉛電池の充電を行った後、電池電圧が1.1Vに到達するまで105.7mA(0.33C)の定電流でニッケル亜鉛電池の放電を行うことを1サイクルとする試験を行った。1サイクル目の放電容量に対する放電容量維持率が70%に達したサイクル回数をサイクル寿命性能とした。
A:テトラデシルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド
B:スクロース
C:ジグライム
D:グルコース
E:モノグライム
F:トリグライム
G:テトラグライム
実施例4~20及び比較例1~2の亜鉛電池のサイクル寿命性能は同等で、実施例4~20の亜鉛電池のDCRは、比較例1~2の亜鉛電池のDCRと比較して、大きく低減した。活物質表面への電解液の拡散性がより向上したためと考えられる。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、及び技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、及び技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に援用されて取り込まれる。
Claims (11)
- アルカリ金属水酸化物と、界面活性剤と、を含有する、亜鉛電池用電解液であって、前記界面活性剤の含有量が、前記亜鉛電池用電解液の全質量に対して0.01質量%以上である亜鉛電池用電解液。
- 前記アルカリ金属水酸化物が水酸化カリウムを含む、請求項1に記載の亜鉛電池用電解液。
- 前記界面活性剤がカチオン性界面活性剤、ノニオン性界面活性剤及びアニオン性界面活性剤からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む、請求項1に記載の亜鉛電池用電解液。
- 前記亜鉛電池用電解液が酸素原子を含む有機化合物を含有する請求項1に記載の亜鉛電池用電解液。
- 前記酸素原子を含む有機化合物が、カルボキシ基、カルボン酸塩基、水酸基、エポキシ基及びエーテル基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を有する、請求項4に記載の亜鉛電池用電解液。
- 前記酸素原子を含む有機化合物が、エーテル基を含む複素環を有するエーテル化合物を含む、請求項4に記載の亜鉛電池用電解液。
- 前記一般式(3)における有機基が、アルキル基又はアリール基である、請求項7に記載の亜鉛電池用電解液。
- 前記一般式(3)で表されるエーテル化合物が、グライム化合物を含む、請求項7に記載の亜鉛電池用電解液。
- 前記グライム化合物が、モノグライム、ジグライム、トリグライム及びテトラグライムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む、請求項9に記載の亜鉛電池用電解液。
- 正極と、負極と、請求項1~請求項10のいずれか一項に記載の亜鉛電池用電解液と、を備える、亜鉛電池。
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH0765854A (ja) * | 1993-08-26 | 1995-03-10 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | アルカリ亜鉛蓄電池 |
JP2019160669A (ja) * | 2018-03-15 | 2019-09-19 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | アルカリ蓄電池 |
JP2020155266A (ja) * | 2019-03-19 | 2020-09-24 | 日立化成株式会社 | 亜鉛電池用電解液及び亜鉛電池 |
JP2021077594A (ja) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-05-20 | 昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社 | 亜鉛電池用電解液、及び、亜鉛電池 |
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JPH0765854A (ja) * | 1993-08-26 | 1995-03-10 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | アルカリ亜鉛蓄電池 |
JP2019160669A (ja) * | 2018-03-15 | 2019-09-19 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | アルカリ蓄電池 |
JP2020155266A (ja) * | 2019-03-19 | 2020-09-24 | 日立化成株式会社 | 亜鉛電池用電解液及び亜鉛電池 |
JP2021077594A (ja) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-05-20 | 昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社 | 亜鉛電池用電解液、及び、亜鉛電池 |
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