WO2023027055A1 - 摺動構造 - Google Patents
摺動構造 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023027055A1 WO2023027055A1 PCT/JP2022/031662 JP2022031662W WO2023027055A1 WO 2023027055 A1 WO2023027055 A1 WO 2023027055A1 JP 2022031662 W JP2022031662 W JP 2022031662W WO 2023027055 A1 WO2023027055 A1 WO 2023027055A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sliding
- nanosilica
- layer
- hard
- friction
- Prior art date
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 26
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 16
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C17/12—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load
- F16C17/14—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load specially adapted for operating in water
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/24—Brasses; Bushes; Linings with different areas of the sliding surface consisting of different materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sliding structure, and more particularly to a sliding structure using water lubrication.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses an invention in which a silane coupling agent is added in a pin-on-disk test of a ceramic material to form a film of siloxane bonds on the surface of the ceramic to exhibit water lubrication properties.
- the average height of the droplets on the first sliding member is the second sliding member when sliding the first sliding member and the second sliding member.
- the present invention has been made in view of the problems described above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a sliding structure that exhibits excellent water-lubricated sliding properties with a simple configuration.
- a sliding structure according to the present invention comprises first and second sliding elements each having a sliding surface.
- the hard layer of at least one of the first and second sliding elements comprises a nanosilica layer carrying nanosilica particles.
- the at least one hard layer has a hydroxyl group on its surface.
- the nanosilica layer is supported by the hard layer in association with covalent bonds between the activated hydroxyl groups of the hard layer and the hydroxyl groups of the nanosilica particles.
- both of the hard layers in the first and second sliding elements each include the nanosilica layer.
- each hard layer has a Vickers hardness of 1000 Hv or more.
- the hard layer of at least one of the first and second sliding elements is made of diamond-like carbon formed on the surface of the base material.
- the diamond-like carbon contains silicon.
- At least one of the hard layers in the first and second sliding elements is part of the base material.
- the base material forming the hard layer is made of ceramics.
- both of the hard layers in the first and second sliding elements are part of the respective base materials, and the base materials constituting the hard layers are part of the respective base materials.
- the material consists of ceramics.
- the surface of the nanosilica layer is covered with a water layer, and an appropriate sliding speed and load are applied to exhibit water lubrication properties, and the first and second sliding elements They slide with relatively low friction. Therefore, it is possible to provide a sliding structure that exhibits excellent water-lubricated sliding properties with a simple structure.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a sliding structure according to a second embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a sliding structure according to a third embodiment of the invention
- It is a sectional view showing typically the sliding structure concerning a 4th embodiment of the present invention.
- 1 is a perspective view showing a pair of test pieces to be subjected to a friction wear test
- FIG. It is a cross-sectional structure which shows the friction wear tester and test jig which are used for a friction wear test.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the difference in oxygen count between before and after supporting nanosilica particles in each test piece.
- 4 is a graph showing the results of friction and wear tests of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of friction and wear tests of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of a friction wear test of Example 3.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the results of friction wear tests of Examples 4 and 5.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the results of the friction wear test of Example 6.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of friction and wear tests of Example 7 and Comparative Example 3.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the results of the friction wear test of Example 8.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the results of the friction wear test of Example 9.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the results of the friction wear test of Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a sliding structure 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- the sliding structure 1 includes first and second sliding elements 10 and 20 each having a sliding surface. It is a sliding structure in which 10 and 20 slide relative to each other.
- the first and second sliding elements 10 and 20 respectively have base materials 11 and 21 and hard layers 12 and 22 as sliding surfaces formed on the surfaces of the base materials 11 and 21 .
- the base materials 11 and 21 are each made of steel, and are arranged to face each other with their surfaces parallel to each other.
- SUS440C processed into a predetermined shape and quenched to a quenching hardness of HRC58 can be used. Furthermore, by lapping the mutually facing surfaces of the base materials 11 and 21, the surface roughness Ra is finished to 0.01, for example.
- the hard layers 12 and 22 are layers respectively formed on the surfaces of the base materials 11 and 21 facing each other. More specifically, each of the hard layers 12 and 22 is formed by applying silicon-containing diamond-like carbon (hereinafter referred to as Si-DLC) coating.
- Si-DLC silicon-containing diamond-like carbon
- Both hard layers 12, 22 in the first and second sliding elements 10, 20 respectively comprise nanosilica layers 13, 23 carrying nanosilica particles.
- the nanosilica layers 13 and 23 are formed by subjecting the hard layers 12 and 22 to atmospheric pressure plasma treatment with Ar gas to activate the surface hydroxyl groups, and in this state, water-dispersed colloidal Silica is applied to adhere the surface hydroxyl groups of the water-dispersed nanosilica particles. Then, during drying, the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the hard layers 12 and 22 and the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the nanosilica particles are dehydrated and condensed to form covalent bonds, forming the nanosilica layers 13 and 23 in which the nanosilica particles are supported on the hard layers 12 and 22. be done.
- the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the hard layers 12 and 22 and the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the nanosilica particles are covalently bonded by dehydration condensation, which is an essential condition for preventing the nanosilica particles from falling off during friction in water. It is not essential that a covalent bond be made.
- the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment is not limited to Ar gas, and a gas capable of activating surface hydroxyl groups such as oxygen and nitrogen can be used.
- a method for activating surface hydroxyl groups a method of irradiating ultraviolet rays, electron beams, gamma rays, or the like may be used in addition to atmospheric pressure plasma treatment.
- the water layer 30 is a layer of water interposed between the nanosilica layers 13 and 23 and covering the surfaces of the nanosilica layers 13 and 23 . When the nanosilica layers 13 and 23 are overlapped, the water layer 30 is interposed therebetween. After that, water lubrication characteristics are developed by applying an appropriate sliding speed and load.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a sliding structure 2 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- the same reference numerals are assigned to the same configurations as in the first embodiment, and detailed description thereof will be omitted (the same applies to descriptions of other embodiments).
- the hard layers 12 and 22 of both the first and second sliding elements 10 and 20 are provided with the nanosilica layers 13 and 23, respectively.
- the nanosilica layer 23 is formed only on the hard layer 22 of the second sliding element 20
- the nanosilica layer 13 is formed on the hard layer 12 of the first sliding element 10. It has not been.
- the water layer 30 is formed between the surface of the hard layer 12 of the first sliding element 10 and the nanosilica layer 23 of the second sliding element 20 .
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a sliding structure 3 according to a third embodiment of the invention.
- the base material 11 of the first sliding element 10 is made of the same steel material (eg, SUS440C) as in the first embodiment.
- the base material 21 of the second sliding element 20 is made of ceramics (for example, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, etc.), and has a structure in which the base material 21 itself also serves as the hard layer 22 in the first embodiment.
- the nanosilica layer 23 is formed only on the surface of the base material 21 of the second sliding element 20 , and the nanosilica layer 13 is not formed on the hard layer 12 of the first sliding element 10 .
- the water layer 30 is formed between the surface of the hard layer 12 of the first sliding element 10 and the nanosilica layer 23 of the second sliding element 20 .
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a sliding structure 4 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
- the base material 11 of the first sliding element 10 is made of ceramics (for example, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, etc.), and the base material 11 itself also serves as the hard layer 12 in the first embodiment.
- a nanosilica layer 13 is formed on the surface of the base material 11 of the first sliding element 10 .
- the base material 21 of the second sliding element 20 is made of ceramics (for example, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, etc.), and has a structure in which the base material 21 itself also serves as the hard layer 22 in the first embodiment.
- a nanosilica layer 23 is formed on the surface of the base material 21 of the second sliding element 20 .
- this embodiment has a structure in which the water layer 30 is formed between the nanosilica layer 23 of the first sliding element 10 and the nanosilica layer 23 of the second sliding element 20 .
- the sliding structures 1 to 4 according to the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention are provided with first and second sliding elements 10 and 20 each having a sliding surface, the sliding surfaces forming a water layer 30 between each other.
- the surface of the nanosilica layer 13 or 23 is covered with the water layer 30, and an appropriate sliding speed and load are applied to develop water-lubricated sliding characteristics, and the first and second sliding Elements 10 and 20 slide with relatively low friction. Therefore, it is possible to provide a sliding structure that exhibits excellent water lubrication properties with a simple structure.
- the hard layer 12 or 22 including the nanosilica layer 13 or 23 has hydroxyl groups on its surface.
- the nanosilica layer 13 or 23 is supported by the hard layer 12 or 22 in association with covalent bonds between the activated hydroxyl groups of the hard layer 12 or 22 and the hydroxyl groups of the nanosilica particles.
- the nanosilica layer 13 or 23 on which the nanosilica particles are supported can improve water lubrication sliding properties.
- both the hard layers 12, 22 of the first and second sliding elements 10, 20 are provided with the nanosilica layers 13, 23, respectively.
- the nanosilica layers 13 and 23 are provided on the first and second sliding elements 10 and 20, respectively, so that the water lubrication sliding characteristics can be further improved.
- each of the hard layers 12, 22 has a Vickers hardness of 1000 Hv or more.
- the hard layers 12 and 22 having a Vickers hardness of 1000 Hv or more can achieve low-friction sliding characteristics.
- At least one of the hard layers 12 or 22 in the first and second sliding elements 10 and 20 is formed on the surface of the base material 11 and 21.
- made of diamond-like carbon may contain silicon.
- the hard layer 12 or 22 is made of diamond-like carbon formed on the surfaces of the base materials 11 and 21, it is possible to reliably achieve low-friction sliding characteristics.
- At least one of the hard layers 12 or 22 in the first and second sliding elements 10 and 20 is part of the base material 11 or 21 .
- the base material 11 or 21 forming the hard layer 12 or 22 is made of ceramics.
- the base material 11 or 21 when a material having sufficient hardness (for example, ceramics such as silicon nitride or silicon carbide) is used as the base material 11 or 21, it can also serve as the hard layer 12 or 22. Excellent water lubrication properties can be exhibited with a simple configuration.
- a material having sufficient hardness for example, ceramics such as silicon nitride or silicon carbide
- both the hard layers 12 and 22 of the first and second sliding elements 10 and 20 are parts of the base materials 11 and 21, respectively.
- Each base material 11, 21 constituting the hard layers 12, 22 is made of ceramics.
- the hard layers 12 and 22 can also be used. Excellent water lubrication properties can be exhibited with a simple configuration.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a pair of test pieces to be subjected to the friction wear test.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional structure showing the friction and wear tester 100 and the test jig 200 used for the friction and wear test.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the difference in oxygen count between before and after supporting nanosilica particles in each test piece.
- a pair of test pieces That is, a ring-on-disk test was performed using a ring-shaped test piece and a disk-shaped disk test piece.
- a ring test piece as the first sliding element 10 had a ring shape with an outer diameter of 16 mm, an inner diameter of 11.4 mm, and a thickness of 7 mm.
- a disc test piece as the second sliding element 20 has a square shape with a side of 20 mm and a thickness of 4 mm.
- Friction and wear tester 100 As shown in FIG. and a rotation mechanism 102 for rotating.
- a test jig 200 was used as a jig for attaching the ring test piece (first sliding element 10) and disk test piece (second sliding element 20) to the friction and wear tester 100.
- the test jig 200 comprises an upper jig 201 for attaching the ring test piece to the load mechanism 101 and a lower jig 202 for attaching the disk test piece to the rotation mechanism 102 .
- the upper jig 201 has a variable attitude angle with respect to the load mechanism 101 via steel balls 201a, and is configured so that the ring test piece and the disk test piece are always facing each other.
- the lower jig 202 has a concave upper surface and can store water. Water is supplied into the concave portion of the upper surface of the lower jig 202 so that the surface of the ring test piece and the surface of the disc test piece that are superimposed so as to face each other are submerged under the water surface.
- a scanning electron microscope and an energy dispersive X-ray detector were used to count the amount of oxygen in each test piece, and the difference in the oxygen counts before and after supporting the nanosilica particles was determined (see Fig. 7).
- the amount of nanosilica particles supported can be estimated by counting the amount of oxygen present in the nanosilica layer but not in the hard layer. Since the count number of the amount of oxygen changes according to the amount of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the hard layer, it can be seen that the amount of supported nanosilica particles can be observed by the above method.
- Example 1 In the ring test piece (first sliding element 10) according to Example 1, the hard layer 12 was a Si-DLC coating with a Si content of 25%, and the nanosilica layer 13 was made to support nanosilica grain size 9 nm. Similarly, in the disk test piece (second sliding element 20) according to Example 1, the hard layer 22 was a Si-DLC coating with a Si content of 25%, and the nanosilica layer 23 was made to carry nanosilica grains of 9 nm.
- test conditions were a sliding speed of 12 [mm/s] and a ring test piece of ⁇ 16 ⁇ 11.4 ⁇ 7 [mm] (outer diameter 16 mm, inner diameter 11.4 mm, thickness 7 mm). ), Using a 20 ⁇ 20 ⁇ 4 [mm] test piece as a disk test piece, after loading with a vertical load of 50 N for 60 seconds, loading from 200 N to 4800 N for 30 seconds every 200 N, waiting for 60 seconds at 4800 N After that, it was terminated.
- Comparative example 1 For comparison with Example 1, the friction wear test of Comparative Example 1 was conducted under the same test conditions.
- the hard layer 12 was a Si-DLC coating with a Si content of 25%, and no nanosilica was supported.
- the hard layer 22 was a Si-DLC coating with a Si content of 25%, and no nanosilica was supported.
- the test conditions were the same as in Example 1.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 is a graph showing the results of the friction and wear test of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- the contact pressure between surfaces during sliding was at least 48.5 MPa or more in Example 1, and 24 MPa in Comparative Example 1.
- the face-to-face contact pressure (unit: MPa) is a value obtained by dividing the vertical load (unit: N) by the contact area (approximately 100 square millimeters) between the ring test piece and the disk test piece.
- low-friction sliding means sliding with a coefficient of friction of 0.1 or less.
- Example 2 In the ring test piece (first sliding element 10) according to Example 2, the hard layer 12 was a DLC coating (hydrogen amorphous carbon, hereinafter referred to as "aC:H") with a Si content of 0%, and a nanosilica layer No. 13 was supported with a nanosilica particle size of 9 nm.
- the hard layer 22 is a DLC coating (aC:H) with a Si content of 0%, and the nanosilica layer 23 is a nanosilica particle size of 9 nm. It was carried.
- test conditions were as follows: a sliding speed of 12 [mm/s]; a ring test piece of ⁇ 16 ⁇ 11.4 ⁇ 7 [mm]; After a load of 50 N for 60 seconds, a load of 200 N to 4,800 N was applied for 30 seconds every 200 N, and after waiting for 60 seconds at 4,800 N, the test was completed.
- Comparative example 2 A ring test piece according to Comparative Example 2 had no hard layer 12 (base material SUS440C), and had a nanosilica layer 13 with a nanosilica particle size of 9 nm. Similarly, the disc test piece according to Comparative Example 2 had no hard layer 22 (base material SUS440C), and carried the nanosilica layer 23 with a nanosilica grain size of 9 nm. The test conditions were the same as in Example 2.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the results of the friction and wear test of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2.
- both sliding surfaces hard layers 12 and 22
- both sliding surfaces carry silica.
- the contact pressure between surfaces during low-friction sliding is at least 48.5 MPa or more, but in the case of "SUS440C” of Comparative Example 2, low friction cannot be expressed. could not. From the above, it is shown that the hardness of the hard layers 12, 22 is important for improving water-lubricated sliding.
- Example 3 is a test for confirming the effects of the second embodiment.
- the hard layer 12 was a DLC coating (aC:H) with a Si content of 0%, and no nanosilica was supported.
- the hard layer 22 was a DLC coating with a Si content of 25%, and the nanosilica layer 23 was made to support nanosilica grain size 9 nm.
- test conditions were as follows: sliding speed of 12 [mm/s]; ring test piece of ⁇ 16 ⁇ 11.4 ⁇ 7 [mm]; After applying a vertical load of 50 N for 60 seconds, the test was finished after waiting for 60 seconds at a load of 200 N to 4800 N for 30 seconds every 200 N and 4800 N.
- (Test result of Example 3) 10 is a graph showing the results of the friction wear test of Example 3.
- FIG. The hard layer 12 of the ring test piece is aC:H and does not support silica
- the hard layer 22 of the disk test piece is Si-DLC 25% and nanosilica particles of 9 nm are supported.
- the contact pressure between surfaces during low-friction sliding was at least 48.5 MPa or more.
- the results of Example 3 show that low friction is exhibited even when silica is supported on only one side (hard layer 22).
- Example 4 is a test for the purpose of confirming the effects of the third embodiment.
- the hard layer 12 was a DLC coating (aC:H) with a Si content of 0%, and no nanosilica was supported.
- silicon nitride was used as the base material 21 (which also serves as the hard layer 22), and the nanosilica layer 23 had a nanosilica particle size of 9 nm.
- test conditions were as follows: sliding speed of 12 [mm/s]; ring test piece of ⁇ 16 ⁇ 11.4 ⁇ 7 [mm]; After applying a vertical load of 50 N for 60 seconds, the test was finished after waiting for 60 seconds at a load of 200 N to 4800 N for 30 seconds every 200 N and 4800 N.
- Example 5 is a test aimed at confirming the effects of the third embodiment.
- the hard layer 12 was a DLC coating (aC:H) with a Si content of 0%, and no nanosilica was supported.
- silicon carbide was used as the base material 21 (which also serves as the hard layer 22), and the nanosilica layer 23 had a nanosilica particle size of 9 nm.
- the test conditions were the same as in Example 4.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the results of the friction wear test of Examples 4 and 5.
- FIG. 11 shows the friction test results in the ring-on-disk test when the base material 21 is silicon nitride or silicon carbide.
- the face-to-face contact pressure during low-friction sliding was at least 48.5 MPa or more.
- the hard layer 22 does not necessarily need to be coated with a hard film such as DLC, and that the hard layer 22 can also be used as long as the base material 21 has sufficient hardness.
- Example 6 In the ring test piece (first sliding element 10) according to Example 6, the hard layer 12 was a DLC coating with a Si content of 25%, and the nanosilica layer 13 was made to support nanosilica grain size 9 nm. In the disk test piece (second sliding element 20) according to Example 6, the hard layer 22 was a DLC coating with a Si content of 25%, and the nanosilica layer 23 was made to support nanosilica grain size 9 nm.
- test conditions were as follows: sliding speed was 100 [mm/s]; ring test pieces were ⁇ 16 ⁇ 11.4 ⁇ 7 [mm]; After applying a vertical load of 50 N for 60 seconds, the test was finished after waiting for 60 seconds at a load of 200 N to 4800 N for 30 seconds every 200 N and 4800 N.
- Example 6 is a graph showing the results of the friction wear test of Example 6.
- FIG. It is the friction test result in the ring-on-disk test which changed sliding speed to 100 [mm/s]. As shown in FIG. 12, the face-to-face contact pressure during low-friction sliding is at least 48.5 [MPa] or more. Example 6 showed that low-friction sliding was maintained even at a sliding speed of 100 [mm/s].
- Example 7 is a test for the purpose of confirming the effects of the fourth embodiment.
- the base material 11 is made of silicon carbide ceramics, the base material 11 itself has a structure that also serves as the hard layer 12, and the nanosilica layer 13 is supported with a nanosilica particle size of 9 nm.
- the base material 21 is made of silicon carbide ceramics, and the base material 21 itself also serves as the hard layer 22, similar to the ring test piece. No. 23 was loaded with nanosilica having a particle size of 9 nm.
- test conditions were as follows: a sliding speed of 300 [mm/s]; After applying a vertical load of 50 N for 60 seconds, the coefficient of friction rose at 1080 N with a load of 30 seconds each time from 200 N to 200 N, and the test was terminated.
- Comparative Example 3 For comparison with Example 7, the friction wear test of Comparative Example 3 was conducted under the same test conditions.
- the base material 11 was made of silicon carbide ceramics, the base material 11 itself also served as the hard layer 12, and no nanosilica was supported.
- the base material 21 is made of silicon carbide ceramics, and the base material 21 itself also serves as the hard layer 22, similar to the ring test piece. It was assumed to be unsupported. After applying a vertical load of 50N for 60 seconds, the friction coefficient increased at 200N and 400N for 30 seconds at each increment of 200N, and the test was completed.
- Example 7 and Comparative Example 3 is a graph showing the results of the friction and wear test of Example 7 and Comparative Example 3.
- the inter-surface contact pressure during sliding reached 10 MPa in step load in Example 7, whereas it was 4 MPa in Comparative Example 3.
- the minimum coefficient of friction in Example 7 was 0.001 or less, which is less than 0.01, and an ultra-low friction sliding state was realized.
- ultra-low friction sliding means sliding with a coefficient of friction of 0.01 or less.
- Example 8 is a test for the purpose of confirming that ultra-low friction is stably maintained at a slip distance of 1000 m in Example 7 above.
- the base material 11 is made of silicon carbide ceramics, the base material 11 itself has a structure that also serves as the hard layer 12, and the nanosilica layer 13 is supported with a nanosilica particle size of 9 nm.
- the base material 21 is made of silicon carbide ceramics, and the base material 21 itself also serves as the hard layer 22, similar to the ring test piece. No. 23 was loaded with nanosilica having a particle size of 9 nm.
- test conditions were as follows: a sliding speed of 300 [mm/s]; After applying a vertical load of 50 N for 60 seconds, the load was applied from 100 N to 500 N in increments of 100 N for 30 seconds, and a constant load of 500 N was applied until the sliding distance reached 1000 m.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the results of the friction wear test of Example 8, in which the left vertical axis represents the contact pressure between surfaces, the right vertical axis represents the coefficient of friction, and the horizontal axis represents the sliding distance.
- the coefficient of friction is around 0.002, which is less than 0.01, up to a sliding distance of 1000 m at an inter-face contact pressure of 5 MPa, and it is possible to slide while maintaining ultra-low friction. shown.
- Example 9 In the ring test piece (first sliding element 10) according to Example 9, the hard layer 12 was a DLC coating with a Si content of 50%, and the nanosilica layer 13 was made to support nanosilica grain size 9 nm.
- the hard layer 22 In the disk test piece (second sliding element 20) according to Example 8, the hard layer 22 was a DLC coating with a Si content of 50%, and the nanosilica layer 23 was made to support nanosilica grain size 9 nm.
- test conditions were as follows: a sliding speed of 300 [mm/s]; After applying a vertical load of 50 N for 60 seconds, the friction coefficient rose at 1200 N with a load of 200 N for 30 seconds every 200 N, and the test was completed.
- Example 9 is a graph showing the results of the friction wear test of Example 9.
- FIG. 15 the friction coefficient is significantly below 0.01 at inter-surface contact pressures of 1 to 12 [MPa]. Therefore, it was shown that ultra-low friction sliding with a coefficient of friction of less than 0.01 is achieved.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and examples, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the first sliding element 10 and the second sliding element 20 are configured to use the ring test piece and the disk test piece, respectively, but the configuration is not limited to this.
- a large-diameter cylindrical member and a small-diameter cylindrical member are used as the first sliding element 10 and the second sliding element 20, and water lubrication is performed between the inner peripheral surface of the large-diameter cylindrical member and the outer peripheral surface of the small-diameter cylindrical member. It may be configured to slide.
- a pair of flat plate-like or block-like members having flat sliding surfaces are used, and water-lubricated sliding is performed between the flat sliding surfaces. It may be configured to move.
- any type of sliding in which the first and second sliding elements are provided with respective sliding surfaces, and the sliding surfaces are in contact with each other via a water layer so that the first and second sliding elements slide relative to each other.
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Abstract
Description
最初に、本発明の第1実施形態に係る摺動構造1の構成について、図1を参照しつつ説明する。図1は、本発明の第1実施形態に係る摺動構造1を模式的に示す断面図である。
次に、本発明の第2実施形態に係る摺動構造2の構成について、図2を参照しつつ説明する。図2は、本発明の第2実施形態に係る摺動構造2を模式的に示す断面図である。尚、上記第1実施形態と同一の構成については同一の符号を付し、それらについての詳細な説明を省略する(他の実施形態の説明も同様とする。)。
次に、本発明の第3実施形態に係る摺動構造3の構成について、図3を参照しつつ説明する。図3は、本発明の第3実施形態に係る摺動構造3を模式的に示す断面図である。
次に、本発明の第4実施形態に係る摺動構造4の構成について、図4を参照しつつ説明する。図4は、本発明の第4実施形態に係る摺動構造4を模式的に示す断面図である。
本発明の第1~第4実施形態に係る摺動構造1~4は、摺動面をそれぞれ有する第1、第2摺動要素10,20を備え、各摺動面同士が水層30を介して接することにより、第1、第2摺動要素10,20同士が相対的に摺動する摺動構造であって、第1、第2摺動要素10,20は、母材11,21と、摺動面として母材11,21の表面に形成された硬質層12,22とを各々備えると共に、第1、第2摺動要素10,20のうち少なくとも一方の硬質層12又は22は、ナノシリカ粒子が担持されたナノシリカ層13又は23を備える。
実施例1に係るリング試験片(第1摺動要素10)は、硬質層12をSi含有率25%のSi-DLCコーティングとし、ナノシリカ層13をナノシリカ粒径9nm担持とした。同様に、実施例1に係るディスク試験片(第2摺動要素20)は、硬質層22をSi含有率25%のSi-DLCコーティングとし、ナノシリカ層23をナノシリカ粒径9nm担持とした。
実施例1との比較のため、同一の試験条件で比較例1の摩擦摩耗試験を行った。比較例1に係るリング試験片は、硬質層12をSi含有率25%のSi-DLCコーティングとし、ナノシリカを無担持とした。同様に、比較例1に係るディスク試験片は、硬質層22をSi含有率25%のSi-DLCコーティングとし、ナノシリカを無担持とした。試験条件は、実施例1と同一とした。
図8は、実施例1及び比較例1の摩擦摩耗試験の結果を示すグラフである。図8のグラフにおいて、縦軸が摩擦係数、横軸が面間接触圧力を示している(図9~図12も同様である。)。図8に示されるように、摺動時の面間接触圧力は、実施例1では少なくとも48.5MPa以上であり、比較例1では24MPaであった。ここで、面間接触圧力(単位MPa)は、垂直荷重(単位N)をリング試験片とディスク試験片との接触面積(約100平方ミリメートル)で除して求められる値である。また、低摩擦摺動時の摩擦係数は、比較例1に比べて実施例1の方が小さく、低摩擦であることが示されている。以上の結果より、ナノシリカ層が水潤滑摺動の改善に重要であることが示されている。尚、本明細書において、低摩擦摺動とは摩擦係数0.1以下で摺動することを意味している。
実施例2に係るリング試験片(第1摺動要素10)は、硬質層12をSi含有率0%のDLCコーティング(水素アモルファスカーボン、以下「a-C:H」と称する)とし、ナノシリカ層13をナノシリカ粒径9nm担持とした。同様に、実施例2に係るディスク試験片(第2摺動要素20)は、硬質層22をSi含有率0%のDLCコーティング(a-C:H)とし、ナノシリカ層23をナノシリカ粒径9nm担持とした。
比較例2に係るリング試験片は、硬質層12無し(母材SUS440C)とし、ナノシリカ層13をナノシリカ粒径9nm担持とした。同様に、比較例2に係るディスク試験片は、硬質層22無し(母材SUS440C)とし、ナノシリカ層23をナノシリカ粒径9nm担持とした。試験条件は、実施例2と同一とした。
図9は、実施例2及び比較例2の摩擦摩耗試験の結果を示すグラフである。すなわち、図9のグラフは、ナノシリカ粒子を担持する硬質層のうち、実施例2の「a-C:H」と、比較例2のビッカース硬度Hv653(一般的な値)の「SUS440C」とを比較したデータを示すものである。実施例2及び比較例2では、両摺動面(硬質層12,22)にシリカを担持している。実施例2の「a-C:H」では、低摩擦摺動時の面間接触圧力は少なくとも48.5MPa以上であるが、比較例2の「SUS440C」の場合、低摩擦を発現することはできなかった。以上より、硬質層12,22の硬度が水潤滑摺動の改善に重要であることが示されている。
実施例3は、上記第2実施形態の効果を確認するための試験である。実施例3に係るリング試験片(第1摺動要素10)は、硬質層12をSi含有率0%のDLCコーティング(a-C:H)とし、ナノシリカを無担持とした。実施例2に係るディスク試験片(第2摺動要素20)は、硬質層22をSi含有率25%のDLCコーティングとし、ナノシリカ層23をナノシリカ粒径9nm担持とした。
図10は、実施例3の摩擦摩耗試験の結果を示すグラフである。リング試験片は硬質層12がa-C:Hでシリカ無担持、ディスク試験片の硬質層22はSi-DLC25%で9nmのナノシリカ粒子が担持されている。図10に示すように、低摩擦摺動時の面間接触圧力は少なくとも48.5MPa以上であった。実施例3の結果より、シリカ担持が片面(硬質層22)のみでも低摩擦が発現することが示されている。
実施例4は、上記第3実施形態の作用効果の確認を目的とする試験である。実施例4に係るリング試験片(第1摺動要素10)は、硬質層12をSi含有率0%のDLCコーティング(a-C:H)とし、ナノシリカを無担持とした。実施例4に係るディスク試験片(第2摺動要素20)は、母材21(硬質層22を兼ねる)を窒化ケイ素とし、ナノシリカ層23をナノシリカ粒径9nm担持とした。
実施例5は、実施例4と同様に、上記第3実施形態の作用効果の確認を目的とする試験である。実施例5に係るリング試験片(第1摺動要素10)は、硬質層12をSi含有率0%のDLCコーティング(a-C:H)とし、ナノシリカを無担持とした。実施例5に係るディスク試験片(第2摺動要素20)は、母材21(硬質層22を兼ねる)を炭化ケイ素とし、ナノシリカ層23をナノシリカ粒径9nm担持とした。試験条件は、実施例4と同一とした。
図11は、実施例4及び実施例5の摩擦摩耗試験の結果を示すグラフである。図11は母材21が窒化ケイ素又は炭化ケイ素の場合のリングオンディスク試験における摩擦試験結果である。図11に示すように、低摩擦摺動時の面間接触圧力は少なくとも48.5MPa以上であった。硬質層22は必ずしもDLC等の硬質膜をコーティングする必要はなく、母材21が十分な硬度を有していれば硬質層22を兼用可能であることが示された。
実施例6に係るリング試験片(第1摺動要素10)は、硬質層12をSi含有率25%のDLCコーティングとし、ナノシリカ層13をナノシリカ粒径9nm担持とした。実施例6に係るディスク試験片(第2摺動要素20)は、硬質層22をSi含有率25%のDLCコーティングとし、ナノシリカ層23をナノシリカ粒径9nm担持とした。
図12は、実施例6の摩擦摩耗試験の結果を示すグラフである。すべり速度を100[mm/s]に変更したリングオンディスク試験における摩擦試験結果である。図12に示すように、低摩擦摺動時の面間接触圧力は少なくとも48.5[MPa]以上である。実施例6により、すべり速度が100[mm/s]においても低摩擦摺動が維持されることが示された。
実施例7は、上記第4実施形態の作用効果の確認を目的とする試験である。実施例7に係るリング試験片(第1摺動要素10)は、母材11が炭化ケイ素セラミックスからなり、母材11自体が硬質層12を兼ねる構造とし、ナノシリカ層13をナノシリカ粒径9nm担持とした。実施例7に係るディスク試験片(第2摺動要素20)は、リング試験片と同様に、母材21が炭化ケイ素セラミックスからなり、母材21自体が硬質層22を兼ねる構造とし、ナノシリカ層23をナノシリカ粒径9nm担持とした。
実施例7との比較のため、同一の試験条件で比較例3の摩擦摩耗試験を行った。比較例3に係るリング試験片(第1摺動要素10)は、母材11が炭化ケイ素セラミックスからなり、母材11自体が硬質層12を兼ねる構造とし、ナノシリカを無担持とした。実施例7に係るディスク試験片(第2摺動要素20)は、リング試験片と同様に、母材21が炭化ケイ素セラミックスからなり、母材21自体が硬質層22を兼ねる構造とし、ナノシリカを無担持とした。垂直荷重50Nで60秒荷重後、200Nから200Nごとに30秒荷重、400Nで摩擦係数が上昇して試験を終了した。
図13は、実施例7及び比較例3の摩擦摩耗試験の結果を示すグラフである。図13のグラフにおいて、縦軸が摩擦係数、横軸が面間接触圧力を示している。図13に示されるように、摺動時の面間接触圧力は、実施例7ではステップ荷重で10MPaに達しているのに対し、比較例3では4MPaであった。また、実施例7における最小摩擦係数は、0.01を下回る0.001以下を示しており、超低摩擦摺動状態を実現した。尚、本明細書において、超低摩擦摺動とは摩擦係数0.01以下で摺動することを意味している。
実施例8は、上記実施例7において、すべり距離1000mで安定して超低摩擦が維持されることの確認を目的とする試験である。実施例8に係るリング試験片(第1摺動要素10)は、母材11が炭化ケイ素セラミックスからなり、母材11自体が硬質層12を兼ねる構造とし、ナノシリカ層13をナノシリカ粒径9nm担持とした。実施例7に係るディスク試験片(第2摺動要素20)は、リング試験片と同様に、母材21が炭化ケイ素セラミックスからなり、母材21自体が硬質層22を兼ねる構造とし、ナノシリカ層23をナノシリカ粒径9nm担持とした。
図14は、実施例8の摩擦摩耗試験の結果を示すグラフであり、左縦軸が面間接触圧力を、右縦軸が摩擦係数、横軸がすべり距離を表している。実施例8では、図14に示すように、面間接触圧力5MPaですべり距離1000mまで、摩擦係数が0.01を下回る0.002前後であり、超低摩擦を維持したまま摺動することが示された。
実施例9に係るリング試験片(第1摺動要素10)は、硬質層12をSi含有率50%のDLCコーティングとし、ナノシリカ層13をナノシリカ粒径9nm担持とした。実施例8に係るディスク試験片(第2摺動要素20)は、硬質層22をSi含有率50%のDLCコーティングとし、ナノシリカ層23をナノシリカ粒径9nm担持とした。
図15は、実施例9の摩擦摩耗試験の結果を示すグラフである。実施例9では、図15に示すように、面間接触圧力1~12[MPa]において、摩擦係数が0.01を大きく下回っている。よって、摩擦係数が0.01を下回る超低摩擦摺動が実現されることが示された。
本発明は、上述した各実施形態や各実施例に限定されるものではなく、本発明の主旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々に変更を施すことが可能である。例えば、上記各実施例では、第1摺動要素10及び第2摺動要素20として、それぞれリング試験片及びディスク試験片を用いる構成としたがこれには限られない。例えば、第1摺動要素10及び第2摺動要素20として、大径円筒部材と小径円筒部材とを用い、大径円筒部材の内周面と小径円筒部材の外周面との間で水潤滑摺動する構成としてもよい。或いは、第1摺動要素10及び第2摺動要素20として、共に平坦な摺動面を有する一対の平板状又はブロック状の部材を用いて、平坦な摺動面同士の間で水潤滑摺動する構成としてもよい。
2 摺動構造(第2実施形態)
3 摺動構造(第3実施形態)
4 摺動構造(第4実施形態)
10 第1摺動要素
11 母材
12 硬質層
13 ナノシリカ層
20 第2摺動要素
21 母材
22 硬質層
23 ナノシリカ層
30 水層
Claims (10)
- 摺動面をそれぞれ有する第1、第2摺動要素を備え、前記各摺動面同士が水層を介して接することにより前記第1、第2摺動要素同士が相対的に摺動する摺動構造であって、
前記第1、第2摺動要素は、母材と、前記母材の表面に前記摺動面としての硬質層とを各々備えると共に、
前記第1、第2摺動要素のうち少なくとも一方の前記硬質層は、ナノシリカ粒子が担持されたナノシリカ層を備える、摺動構造。 - 前記少なくとも一方の前記硬質層は、表面に水酸基を有する、請求項1に記載の摺動構造。
- 前記ナノシリカ層は、前記硬質層の活性化した水酸基と前記ナノシリカ粒子が有する水酸基との共有結合に関連して前記硬質層に担持されている、請求項1に記載の摺動構造。
- 前記第1、第2摺動要素における両方の前記各硬質層が、前記ナノシリカ層をそれぞれ備える、請求項1乃至3の何れか一項に記載の摺動構造。
- 前記各硬質層は、ビッカース硬度1000Hv以上である請求項1乃至3の何れか一項に記載の摺動構造。
- 前記第1、第2摺動要素における少なくとも一方の前記硬質層は、前記母材の表面に形成されたダイヤモンドライクカーボンからなる、請求項5に記載の摺動構造。
- 前記ダイヤモンドライクカーボンは、シリコンを含有する、請求項6に記載の摺動構造。
- 前記第1、第2摺動要素における少なくとも一方の前記硬質層は、前記母材の一部である、請求項1乃至3の何れか一項に記載の摺動構造。
- 前記硬質層を構成する前記母材は、セラミックスからなる、請求項8に記載の摺動構造。
- 前記第1、第2摺動要素における両方の前記各硬質層は、それぞれ前記各母材の一部であり、
前記各硬質層を構成する前記各母材は、セラミックスからなる、請求項8に記載の摺動構造。
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JPH08247150A (ja) * | 1995-03-09 | 1996-09-24 | Toto Ltd | 液体中摺動部材の組合せ及びその選択方法 |
JP2002522593A (ja) * | 1998-08-07 | 2002-07-23 | デーナ、コーポレイション | 軸受材料及びその製法 |
JP2000346059A (ja) * | 1999-06-04 | 2000-12-12 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 動圧気体軸受 |
JP2010255682A (ja) * | 2009-04-22 | 2010-11-11 | Nsk Ltd | 転がり摺動部材のdlc膜剥離防止方法、転がり支持装置の使用方法 |
JP6095090B2 (ja) | 2014-04-24 | 2017-03-15 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | 摺動方法、摺動構造の製造方法、摺動構造およびデバイス |
WO2021065739A1 (ja) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-04-08 | 株式会社朝日ラバー | アミノ変性界面改質層を有する摺動性ゴム材、及びそれを製造する方法 |
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