WO2023025560A1 - Elektrische durchführung mit poröser keramikschicht und einem porenfüller - Google Patents
Elektrische durchführung mit poröser keramikschicht und einem porenfüller Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023025560A1 WO2023025560A1 PCT/EP2022/071928 EP2022071928W WO2023025560A1 WO 2023025560 A1 WO2023025560 A1 WO 2023025560A1 EP 2022071928 W EP2022071928 W EP 2022071928W WO 2023025560 A1 WO2023025560 A1 WO 2023025560A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic layer
- porous ceramic
- bushing
- pores
- pore filler
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
- F01N3/2026—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/02—Details
- H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a bushing for an electrical conductor for the electrical connection of an electrically heatable heated pane, in particular in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, through a housing, the bushing having an inner conductor, an outer sleeve and at least one insulating means, the insulating means being between the inner conductor in this way and the outer sleeve is arranged such that the inner conductor is electrically insulated from the outer sleeve.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing a bushing.
- Electric heating elements are regularly used today to heat up exhaust gases in an exhaust gas section downstream of an internal combustion engine.
- the aim here is to reach a temperature threshold more quickly, from which an effective conversion of the pollutants carried in the exhaust gas can take place. This is necessary because the catalytically active surfaces of the catalysts used for exhaust aftertreatment only allow sufficient conversion of the respective pollutants above a minimum temperature, the so-called light-off temperature.
- heated catalysts which have a metal structure connected to a voltage source, which can be heated using the ohmic resistance.
- an electrical conductor For the purpose of making electrical contact with the heatable structure, an electrical conductor must pass through the housing of the exhaust line at least at one point be led. It must be ensured that the bushing is gas-tight, that there is electrical insulation between the housing and the electrical conductor and that sufficient durability is guaranteed.
- Electrical feedthroughs are known in the prior art which have a conical inner conductor which is partially coated with a porous ceramic layer, for example.
- the porous coating is followed by a metallic sleeve with a conical internal cross-section.
- the inner conductor is used for contacting the structure to be heated, while the porous layer represents electrical insulation.
- the metal sleeve ultimately serves to fix the bushing in the housing, but the sleeve is electrically insulated from the inner conductor.
- a particular disadvantage of the devices in the prior art is that the electrical insulating effect is not sufficient as soon as a higher voltage is applied to the inner conductor and the feedthrough through the housing is exposed to a moist, saline atmosphere.
- the porous ceramic used has a tendency to soak up saline solution from the environment of the bushing. This creates an electrolytic bridge through the ceramic layer and the electrical insulation is no longer guaranteed.
- Sealing agents of an organic type are known which are used to reduce the porosity of the ceramic layer. However, these are not durable enough under the loads that occur. Alternative sealing agents of an inorganic type regularly lead to the formation of cracks under thermal loads due to different coefficients of thermal expansion.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention may be used in the exhaust aftertreatment of an internal combustion engine in an automotive application.
- the invention can also be used in stationary systems, such as power generators.
- One exemplary embodiment of the invention relates to a bushing for an electrical conductor for the electrical connection of an electrically heatable heated pane, in particular in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, through a housing, the bushing having an inner conductor, an outer sleeve and at least one insulating means, the insulating means being between the inner conductor and the outer sleeve is arranged such that the inner conductor is electrically insulated from the outer sleeve, the insulating means being formed by a porous ceramic layer, pores in the ceramic layer being at least partially filled with a pore filler.
- the ceramic layer used as an insulating means has a certain porosity due to the material used. Depending on the ceramic used, this can be larger or smaller, so that the pore sizes or the average pore size is larger or smaller. If the pores of the ceramic are unfilled or filled with air, the ceramic layer becomes less stable with respect to alternating thermal loads. In addition, the pores mean that the ceramic layer can become saturated or soaked with a liquid medium, such as a saline solution. As a result, line bridges can be formed which destroy the electrical insulating effect of the ceramic layer. In addition, structural damage to the ceramic layer can occur, for example due to rinsing.
- a pore filler is therefore preferably applied to the insulation means, with the pore filler settling in the pores of the ceramic layer and thus filling the pores completely or at least partially.
- the filled pores can no longer soak up the salty solution, which prevents the formation of line bridges.
- the pore filler makes the ceramic layer significantly more resistant to alternating thermal loads, which improves its durability.
- the pore filler has a thermal expansion coefficient which corresponds to the common thermal expansion coefficient of the inner conductor and the unfilled porous ceramic layer.
- the term common coefficient of thermal expansion means a coefficient of thermal expansion which is as similar as possible to the two individual coefficients of thermal expansion of the material of the inner conductor and of the material of the ceramic layer. This is to avoid excessive differences in the thermal expansion coefficients of the three elements.
- the difference between the coefficient of thermal expansion of the pore filler and the ceramic layer should be as similar as possible so that no major stresses are generated in the area of the boundary layers between the pore filler in the pores of the ceramic layer and the ceramic layer, which could lead to the ceramic layer breaking open from the inside.
- the pore filler is formed by nanoparticles, which are filled into the pores of the porous ceramic layer. Nanoparticles are characterized in particular by their small size. This is particularly advantageous since the mean pore size of the ceramic layers that are regularly used is particularly small, so that a very fine material has to be used in order to partially or completely fill the pores. Nanoparticles preferably have an average size of 1 to 100 nanometers.
- a preferred exemplary embodiment is characterized in that the size of the nanoparticles depends on the mean pore size distribution of the ceramic layer, with the nanoparticles being 10% to 80% smaller than the mean pore size of the ceramic layer.
- the size difference between the average pore size and the average size of the nanoparticles can ensure that the nanoparticles can easily and easily penetrate into the pores of the ceramic layer and can accumulate there. With a smaller difference in size, the nanoparticles could also tilt on the walls of the pores, so that these are not sufficiently filled. Significantly smaller nanoparticles are therefore advantageous in order to be able to fill the pores as best as possible.
- the porous ceramic layer is formed from at least two layers.
- two layers can have different material properties, as a result of which, for example, a boundary layer on the inner conductor has different material properties than the boundary layer on the outer sleeve. This can prevent stress or damage from occurring.
- the two layers can have different coefficients of thermal expansion or different pore sizes.
- a difference in the pore sizes can be used, for example, for the pores to be filled with the pore filler to different degrees.
- the properties of the individual layers can also be influenced by the filling level of the pore filler in the pores. The total from the Base material and the pore filler resultant thermal expansion coefficient of a layer can therefore deviate from the other layer, or be approximated to it.
- the layers have the same thermal expansion coefficients.
- the same or similar coefficients of thermal expansion are advantageous in order to produce a material that is as homogeneous as possible and in particular to avoid the occurrence of stress-induced cracks or fractures.
- the ceramic layer is formed by a plasma spray ceramic, which is thermally stable up to 1200 degrees Celsius.
- the object with regard to the method is solved by a method having the features of claim 7 .
- An exemplary embodiment of the invention relates to a method for producing a bushing according to one of the preceding claims, in which the porous ceramic layer is charged with the pore filler in a plurality of successive passes, with the degree of filling of the pores being increased with each pass.
- the filling or saturation of the ceramic layer with the pore filler can preferably take place in a plurality of successive passes, it being possible for the pore filler to be embedded in the pores of the ceramic layer in each pass.
- the degree of filling of the pores can be increased, since further nanoparticles can be deposited in the next pass after a first embedding of a nanoparticle. In this way, a more homogeneous layer can be produced overall and the material properties created by the pore filler can be specifically reinforced to a desired degree.
- the mean size of the nanoparticles used is reduced from run to run.
- By reducing the mean Size of the nanoparticles used from passage to passage can also improve the degree of filling of the individual pores.
- the pores occupied by a first nanoparticle have a smaller internal volume than the unoccupied pores. With significantly smaller nanoparticles, these reduced volumes can still be filled in further passes.
- the bushing with the porous ceramic layer filled with pore filler is subjected to a sintering process.
- the sintering process serves to strengthen the ceramic layer created by filling with nanoparticles.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202280054798.0A CN117795180A (zh) | 2021-08-24 | 2022-08-04 | 具有多孔陶瓷层和孔填充剂的电馈通装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102021209264.0 | 2021-08-24 | ||
DE102021209264.0A DE102021209264B3 (de) | 2021-08-24 | 2021-08-24 | Elektrische Durchführung mit poröser Keramikschicht und einem Porenfüller |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2023025560A1 true WO2023025560A1 (de) | 2023-03-02 |
Family
ID=83112992
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2022/071928 WO2023025560A1 (de) | 2021-08-24 | 2022-08-04 | Elektrische durchführung mit poröser keramikschicht und einem porenfüller |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN117795180A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102021209264B3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2023025560A1 (de) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE69732319T2 (de) * | 1996-05-14 | 2005-12-22 | Toyota Jidosha K.K., Toyota | Elektrodenstruktur für hochtemperaturgeheizten Körper |
US20150011115A1 (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2015-01-08 | Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Electrical connection secured against rotation, in particular for an electrically heatable honeycomb body |
WO2022043006A1 (de) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-03-03 | Vitesco Technologies GmbH | Elektrische durchführung |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4362016A (en) | 1979-10-15 | 1982-12-07 | Papadopulos Stephen C | Pollution control device for automobile exhaust |
DE4435784C2 (de) | 1994-10-06 | 1998-10-29 | Heraeus Electro Nite Int | Elektrisch beheizbarer Starterkat |
-
2021
- 2021-08-24 DE DE102021209264.0A patent/DE102021209264B3/de active Active
-
2022
- 2022-08-04 WO PCT/EP2022/071928 patent/WO2023025560A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-08-04 CN CN202280054798.0A patent/CN117795180A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE69732319T2 (de) * | 1996-05-14 | 2005-12-22 | Toyota Jidosha K.K., Toyota | Elektrodenstruktur für hochtemperaturgeheizten Körper |
US20150011115A1 (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2015-01-08 | Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Electrical connection secured against rotation, in particular for an electrically heatable honeycomb body |
WO2022043006A1 (de) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-03-03 | Vitesco Technologies GmbH | Elektrische durchführung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN117795180A (zh) | 2024-03-29 |
DE102021209264B3 (de) | 2023-01-05 |
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