WO2023020019A9 - 一种耦合馈电的终端单极子天线 - Google Patents

一种耦合馈电的终端单极子天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023020019A9
WO2023020019A9 PCT/CN2022/091007 CN2022091007W WO2023020019A9 WO 2023020019 A9 WO2023020019 A9 WO 2023020019A9 CN 2022091007 W CN2022091007 W CN 2022091007W WO 2023020019 A9 WO2023020019 A9 WO 2023020019A9
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
feeding
current loop
radiation
capacitor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/091007
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2023020019A1 (zh
Inventor
周大为
李元鹏
Original Assignee
荣耀终端有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 荣耀终端有限公司 filed Critical 荣耀终端有限公司
Priority to US18/550,035 priority Critical patent/US20240154311A1/en
Priority to EP22857337.4A priority patent/EP4283781A4/en
Publication of WO2023020019A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023020019A1/zh
Publication of WO2023020019A9 publication Critical patent/WO2023020019A9/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H01Q7/005—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop with variable reactance for tuning the antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0442—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular tuning means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a coupling-feed terminal monopole antenna.
  • the current loop antenna Due to its different working mechanism from typical antennas, the current loop antenna can make the antenna configuration more flexible to the environmental requirements, so it has a good development prospect.
  • Common current loop antennas use a direct feed mechanism to feed signals. Since the direct feed mechanism has high requirements for space, it increases the difficulty of configuring the current loop antenna.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a coupled-feed terminal monopole antenna, which can realize the radiation of the current loop antenna in the form of coupled-feed, thereby avoiding the limitation of the direct-feed to the setting of the current loop antenna.
  • a coupled-feed terminal monopole antenna is provided.
  • the terminal monopole antenna may be a current loop antenna.
  • the antenna includes a feeding stub and a radiating stub, and the radiating stub includes at least one radiator, and two ends of the radiator are respectively coupled to a reference ground through a first capacitor and a second capacitor.
  • the feed stub is not connected to the radiation stub, the feed stub is arranged between the radiation stub and the reference ground, a feed point is arranged on the feed stub, and the feed stub is used for coupling to the radiation stub feed.
  • the length of the radiation stub is less than a quarter of the working wavelength of the terminal antenna.
  • the current loop antenna may be a current loop monopole antenna.
  • the feeding stub can be used for coupled feeding, and the feeding stub can be set between the radiation stub and the reference ground. Since the feeding stub can be fed in the form of spatial coupling, it is different from the radiation stub. connect.
  • the two ends of the radiating stub can be grounded respectively through capacitors, so that when the radiating stub is working, a uniform magnetic field in the same direction is formed near the antenna, such as between the antenna radiator and the reference ground, that is, a current loop antenna is obtained. radiation characteristics.
  • the capacitance values of the first capacitor and the second capacitor are set within [1.5pF, 15pF].
  • the capacitance values of the first capacitor and the second capacitor are set within [0.5pF, 15pF].
  • the capacitance values of the first capacitor and the second capacitor are set within [1.2pF, 12pF].
  • one or more third capacitors are connected in series with the radiation stub.
  • the capacitance of the third capacitor is set within [2pF, 25pF].
  • the capacitance of the third capacitor is set within [0.8pF, 12pF].
  • the capacitance of the third capacitor is set within [0.2pF, 8pF].
  • the feeding branch includes a first feeding part and a second feeding part, one end of the first feeding part is coupled to one end of the feeding point, and one end of the second feeding part is connected to the feeding point The other end of the electric point is coupled, and the first feeder and the second feeder are axisymmetric with respect to the longitudinal axis where the feeder point is located. The other ends of the first power feeding part and the second power feeding part away from the feeding point are respectively coupled to the reference ground.
  • a possible feed stub configuration is provided.
  • the feeding stub with this structure can effectively stimulate the radiation stub in the above example to perform radiation having the radiation characteristics of a current loop antenna.
  • the other ends of the first power feeding part and the second power feeding part away from the feeding point are respectively coupled to the reference ground, including: the first power feeding part and the second power feeding part
  • the other ends of the parts away from the feed point are respectively coupled to the reference ground through capacitors.
  • the feeding branch includes a third feeding part, the first end of the third feeding part is coupled to one end of the feeding point, and the second end of the third feeding part is coupled to the reference ground The other end of the feed point is coupled to the RF microstrip line.
  • a possible feed stub configuration is provided.
  • the feeding stub with this structure can effectively stimulate the radiation stub in the above example to perform radiation having the radiation characteristics of a current loop antenna.
  • At least one capacitor is connected in series with the third feeding part, including at least one fourth capacitor, and the fourth capacitor is arranged at the center of the coupling part between the third feeding part and the radiating stub .
  • the feeding stub with this structure can effectively stimulate the radiation stub in the above example to perform radiation having the radiation characteristics of a current loop antenna.
  • the second end of the third power feeding part is coupled to the reference ground through a tuning device, and the tuning device includes at least one of the following devices: a capacitor, an inductor, and a resistor.
  • the tuning device includes at least one of the following devices: a capacitor, an inductor, and a resistor.
  • the distance between the first end of the third feeding part and the second end of the third feeding part is smaller than the projected length of the third feeding part on the radiation stub. Based on this scheme, a possible feed stub configuration is provided.
  • the feeding stub with this structure can effectively stimulate the radiation stub in the above example to perform radiation having the radiation characteristics of a current loop antenna.
  • At least one capacitor is connected in series with the third feeder, including at least a fifth capacitor, and the fifth capacitor is arranged at the center of the coupling part between the third feeder and the radiation branch .
  • the feeding stub with this structure can effectively stimulate the radiation stub in the above example to perform radiation having the radiation characteristics of a current loop antenna.
  • the at least one capacitor connected in series on the third power feeding part further includes: a sixth capacitor and a seventh capacitor respectively arranged on both sides of the fifth capacitor. Based on this scheme, a possible feed stub configuration is provided.
  • the feeding stub with this structure can effectively stimulate the radiation stub in the above example to perform radiation having the radiation characteristics of a current loop antenna.
  • the feed stubs of different sizes correspond to different port impedances of the terminal antenna.
  • a solution example for adjusting the port impedance of the current loop antenna is provided.
  • the adjustment of the port impedance of the terminal antenna can be realized by adjusting the size of the feeding branch.
  • the feeding stub is used to excite the radiating stub to perform radiation having a radiation characteristic of a current loop antenna, and the radiation characteristic of the current loop antenna is that when the terminal antenna is in operation, there is a uniform magnetic field near the radiating stub.
  • the magnetic field distribution characteristics of a current loop antenna is provided. It can be understood that all antennas with such magnetic field distribution characteristics should be included in the scope of the current loop antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the current flowing on the radiation branch is a first direction
  • the current flowing on the reference ground is a second direction
  • the first direction is opposite to the second direction.
  • the current flow on the feeding stub is the second direction.
  • an example of current distribution on the antenna during the coupled feeding process is provided.
  • the current on the radiation stub and the current between the reference ground can form a closed current loop through the capacitance at both ends.
  • the direction of the current on the feeding stub can be opposite to the direction of the current on the radiating stub.
  • an electronic device is provided, the electronic device is provided with at least one processor, a radio frequency module, and the terminal antenna as described in the first aspect and any possible design thereof, such as a current loop coupled feed antenna.
  • the electronic device transmits or receives signals, it transmits or receives signals through the radio frequency module and the terminal antenna.
  • Fig. 1 is the electric current schematic diagram of a kind of ILA antenna
  • Fig. 2 is the magnetic field schematic diagram of a kind of ILA antenna
  • Fig. 3 is a current schematic diagram of a current loop ILA antenna
  • Fig. 4 is the magnetic field schematic diagram of a kind of current loop ILA antenna
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the composition of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the composition of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a reference coordinate provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic current diagram of a current loop antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic field of a current loop antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding stub for coupling feeding of a current loop antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a feeding stub for coupling feeding of a current loop antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 12A is a schematic diagram of a setting position of a current loop antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12B is a schematic diagram of a type of current loop antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13A is a schematic diagram of the composition of a current loop monopole antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13B is a schematic diagram of a current loop monopole antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application provided in an electronic device;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of current distribution of a current loop monopole antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic field distribution of a current loop monopole antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of S parameters of a current loop monopole antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an efficiency simulation of a current loop monopole antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of S11 parameters of a current loop monopole antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of Smith's original diagram of a current loop monopole antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of an efficiency simulation of a current loop monopole antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of S11 parameters of a current loop monopole antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a current loop monopole antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 23A is a schematic diagram of the composition of a current loop dipole antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 23B is a schematic diagram of a current loop dipole antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application provided in an electronic device;
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of a current distribution of a current loop dipole antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic field distribution of a current loop dipole antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of S parameters of a current loop dipole antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of an efficiency simulation of a current loop dipole antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a current loop monopole antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 29A is a schematic diagram of the composition of a current loop slot antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 29B is a schematic diagram of a current loop slot antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application provided in an electronic device
  • FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram of a current distribution of a current loop slot antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic field distribution of a current loop slot antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram of S parameters of a current loop slot antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of an efficiency simulation of a current loop slot antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 34 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a current loop monopole antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 35A is a schematic diagram of the composition of a current loop left-handed antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 35B is a schematic diagram of setting a current loop left-handed antenna in an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 36 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of a current loop left-handed antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 37 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field distribution of a current loop left-handed antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram of S parameters of a current loop left-handed antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 39 is a schematic diagram of efficiency simulation of a current loop left-handed antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 40 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a current loop monopole antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Electronic equipment can implement its wireless communication function by setting one or more antennas.
  • antennas in electronic devices can be in various forms.
  • antenna forms in electronic equipment may include monopole (monopole), dipole (dipole) and other forms.
  • An ILA antenna may be one implementation of a monopole antenna.
  • the ILA antenna When the ILA antenna is working, based on the size of its radiator, it can be excited to obtain at least one resonance in a corresponding working frequency band.
  • the length of the radiator of the ILA antenna may correspond to 1/4 of the corresponding wavelength of the working frequency band. That is to say, the ILA antenna can realize the coverage of the working frequency band by working at 1/4 wavelength.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electric field distribution of an ILA antenna. It can be seen that there are current strong points and current weak points distributed on the radiator of the ILA antenna. At the point where the current is strong, the electric field is weak and the magnetic field is strong. Correspondingly, at the current weak point, the electric field is stronger and the magnetic field is weaker. Due to the potential difference between the current strong point and the current weak point, the current shown in Figure 1 can be distributed on the ILA antenna. Generally speaking, it is taken as an example that the feed point is set at one end of the radiator of the ILA antenna. One end of the radiator where the feed point is located is the current strong point, and the other end different from the feed point is the current weak point.
  • FIG. 2 shows the distribution of the magnetic field during the working process of the ILA antenna. It can be seen that the magnetic field near the end of the radiator close to the feed point is strong, while the corresponding end far away from the feed point is relatively weak.
  • a typical antenna such as a monopole, etc.
  • the resonance of the corresponding frequency band is obtained to cover the working frequency band, so as to realize the transmission and reception of wireless signals in the working frequency band.
  • currents of different intensities are distributed on the radiator of the antenna, the electric field/magnetic field distributed in the space near the antenna is not uniform.
  • the current loop antenna adopts a structure similar to the typical antenna, which can excite the antenna radiator to generate a uniformly distributed magnetic field, thereby generating resonance to cover the working frequency band.
  • the excitation form of the current loop antenna is different from that of conventional antennas such as 1/4 wavelength mode, and its implementation is simpler, so it has lower requirements on the environment. In the context of less and less space reserved for antennas in electronic devices, current loop antennas have become a very competitive form of antenna.
  • a current loop ILA antenna is taken as an example. At one end of a typical antenna radiator a feed point can be connected. Unlike typical ILA antennas, the radiator of the antenna can be grounded via a capacitor at the end away from the feed point. In this way, the effect of exciting a uniform magnetic field near the ILA antenna can be achieved. That is, the radiation effect of the current loop ILA antenna is realized.
  • Fig. 3 shows a current distribution situation of the current loop ILA antenna.
  • the current on the antenna radiator can form a closed current loop with the current on the nearby reference ground (such as the current on the side of the reference ground close to the antenna), thus forming a "current ring" feature.
  • Figure 4 shows the distribution of the magnetic field near the current loop ILA antenna. It can be seen that a uniform magnetic field distribution is formed near the antenna radiator. In the embodiment of the present application, the uniform magnetic field distribution may mean that at the same distance from the radiator of the current loop antenna, the magnetic field intensity in the space generated by the antenna radiation is close to or the same.
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 only show the structure and working conditions of the current loop antenna based on the ILA antenna.
  • the currently commonly used antennas such as other forms of monopole antennas, dipole antennas, slot antennas, left-handed antennas, etc., they can be processed through a simple structure, so that the antenna has the radiation of a current loop antenna feature.
  • the setting of the feed is very important to the configuration and normal operation of the antenna.
  • the setting of the power feeding may include the form of the power feeding and the position of the power feeding.
  • the form of feeding may include direct feeding (referred to as direct feeding), coupled feeding and other forms.
  • direct feeding when used to feed the antenna, it can be realized through a feed component.
  • One end of the feeding component may be coupled to the microstrip line connected to the radio frequency end for sending/receiving signals, and the other end of the feeding component may be coupled to the antenna radiator.
  • the signal from the radio frequency terminal can be transmitted to the antenna radiator for radiation, or the signal received by the antenna can be transmitted to the radio frequency terminal for processing.
  • the feeding component may be rigidly connected to the antenna radiator through a conductive shrapnel, a thimble or other components.
  • the function of the feed component can also be to realize the conduction of electrical signals between the microstrip line and the antenna radiator through processes such as welding.
  • feeding components are all provided in FIGS. 1-4 to realize direct feeding to the antenna.
  • feeding points shown in the figures are all provided in FIGS. 1-4 to realize direct feeding to the antenna.
  • there is no better technical solution at present which can excite the current loop antenna through coupling feeding to work. This also limits the use of current loop antennas.
  • the coupling feeding mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present application can effectively stimulate the antenna radiator to perform radiation with the radiation characteristics of the current loop antenna in different radiator scenarios, such as stimulating the antenna radiator to generate a uniform magnetic field for radiation. In this way, the coupled feeding of the current loop antenna is realized.
  • the coupled feeding scheme provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to different current loop antennas.
  • current loop monopole antenna based on monopole antenna such as current loop ILA antenna
  • current loop dipole antenna based on dipole antenna current loop left-hand antenna based on left-hand antenna
  • slot antenna based current loop slot antenna etc.
  • the current loop antenna involved in the embodiment of the present application can be applied in a user's electronic device to support the wireless communication function of the electronic device.
  • the electronic device may be a portable mobile device such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a personal digital assistant (personal digital assistant, PDA), an augmented reality (augmented reality, AR)/virtual reality (virtual reality, VR) device, a media player, etc.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • AR augmented reality
  • VR virtual reality
  • the electronic device may also be a wearable electronic device such as a smart watch.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the specific form of the device.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 500 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device 500 provided by the embodiment of the present application can be provided with a screen and a cover 501 , a metal shell 502 , an internal structure 503 , and a rear cover 504 in sequence along the z-axis from top to bottom.
  • the screen and the cover 501 can be used to realize the display function of the electronic device.
  • the metal shell 502 can be used as a main frame of the electronic device 500 to provide rigid support for the electronic device 500 .
  • the internal structure 503 may include a collection of electronic components and mechanical components that implement various functions of the electronic device 500 .
  • the internal structure 503 may include a shield, screws, reinforcing ribs and the like.
  • the rear cover 504 may be the exterior surface of the back of the electronic device 500, and the rear cover 504 may include glass material, ceramic material, plastic, etc. in different implementations.
  • the current loop antenna solution provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to the electronic device 500 shown in FIG. 5 to support the wireless communication function of the electronic device 500 .
  • the current loop antenna can be set on the metal casing 502 of the electronic device 500 .
  • the current loop antenna may be disposed on the rear cover 504 of the electronic device 500 and so on.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic composition of the metal housing 502 .
  • the metal housing may be made of metal materials, such as aluminum alloy.
  • a reference ground may be provided on the metal shell.
  • the reference ground can be a complete metal material with a large area, which is used to provide most of the rigid support, and at the same time provide a zero-potential reference for each electronic component.
  • a metal frame may also be provided around the reference ground.
  • the metal frame can be a complete closed metal frame, or a metal frame interrupted by one or more gaps as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic composition of the metal housing 502 .
  • the metal housing may be made of metal materials, such as aluminum alloy.
  • a reference ground may be provided on the metal shell.
  • the reference ground can be a complete metal material with a large area, which is used to provide most of the rigid support, and at the same time provide a zero-potential reference for each electronic component.
  • a metal frame may also be provided around the reference ground.
  • gap 1 , gap 2 and gap 3 may be set at different positions on the metal frame. These gaps can interrupt the metal frame to obtain independent metal branches. In some embodiments, some or all of these metal stubs can be used as radiation stubs of the antenna, so as to realize structural reuse during the antenna setting process and reduce the difficulty of antenna setting.
  • the positions of the slots corresponding to one or both ends of the metal branch can be flexibly selected according to the configuration of the antenna.
  • one or more metal pins may also be arranged on the metal frame.
  • the metal pins may be provided with screw holes for fixing other structural components by screws.
  • the metal pin can be coupled to the feeding point, so that when the metal branch connected to the metal pin is used as a radiation branch of the antenna, the metal pin can feed power to the antenna.
  • the metal pins can also be coupled with other electronic components to achieve corresponding electrical connection functions.
  • the main board (such as PCB1 ) may be used to carry electronic components that implement various functions of the electronic device 500 .
  • the main board such as PCB1
  • Small boards (such as PCB2) can also be used to carry electronic components.
  • the small board can also be used to carry a radio frequency circuit and the like corresponding to the antenna disposed at the bottom (that is, the part in the negative direction of the y-axis of the electronic device).
  • All the coupled-feed current loop antennas provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to electronic devices with the composition shown in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6 .
  • the electronic device 500 in the above example is only one possible composition.
  • the electronic device 500 may also have other components.
  • a communication module as shown in FIG. 7 may be provided in the electronic device.
  • the communication module may include an antenna, a radio frequency module that performs signal interaction with the antenna, and a processor that performs signal interaction with the radio frequency module.
  • the signal interaction between the radio frequency module and the antenna may be an analog signal interaction.
  • the signal interaction between the radio frequency module and the processor may be an analog signal or a digital signal.
  • the processor may be a baseband processor.
  • the antenna may comprise different forms.
  • a current loop antenna may be included.
  • the current loop antenna may be fed through coupling feeding.
  • the structure is set corresponding to the back view of the electronic device.
  • the rear camera module may be located at the upper left corner of the electronic device. Taking the rear camera module as a reference, the horizontal direction away from the rear camera module may be the positive direction of the x-axis, corresponding to the rightward direction. In contrast, the horizontal direction close to the rear camera module may be the negative direction of the x-axis, corresponding to the left direction.
  • the latter camera module can be arranged on the part of the electronic device in the positive direction of the y-axis, corresponding to the upward direction.
  • the direction opposite to the positive direction of the y-axis is the negative direction of the y-axis, which corresponds to the downward direction.
  • the positive direction of the z-axis is the direction along the back of the electronic device toward the front (ie, the display screen), corresponding to the inward direction.
  • the negative direction of the z-axis is the direction along the front to the back of the electronic device, corresponding to the outward direction.
  • the coordinate system settings shown in Figure 7 are used for description. It should be noted that the setting of the coordinate system is only for the convenience of description, and does not constitute any limitation on the coupled feeding solution provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the coupled and fed current loop antenna may include a radiation branch and a feeding branch.
  • the radiation stub is not directly connected to the feed.
  • the feed point is set on the feed branch.
  • the feeding branch couples energy to the radiation branch through electric field/magnetic field coupling, and excites the radiation branch to radiate.
  • the radiation branch may be a radiator capable of current loop radiation.
  • the current direction on the radiating stub may be opposite to the current direction of the ground as the reference ground (for example, the ground is close to the side of the current loop antenna).
  • the current loop composed of radiation branches and the floor is formed, and the radiation with the radiation characteristics of the current loop antenna is carried out.
  • the current on the feeding branch in order to be able to stimulate and obtain the above-mentioned current loop, at the same time, can be opposite to the current on the radiating branch, and in the same direction as the current on the reference ground.
  • the feed stub with this feature can stimulate the radiation of the current loop antenna, and at the same time, it does not need to directly feed the signal to the radiation stub, and realizes the radiation of the current loop antenna based on the coupled feed.
  • a capacitor can be set at position 1.
  • the location and quantity of capacitors will be described in detail in subsequent examples in conjunction with actual scenarios, and will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 9 shows the magnetic field distribution of the antenna with the current characteristics shown in FIG. 8 during operation. It can be seen that a uniform magnetic field is generated near the radiating stub, so it conforms to the radiation characteristics of the current loop antenna.
  • the radiation branch of the current loop antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application can be provided with a capacitor (such as grounded through a capacitor), based on the energy storage characteristics of the capacitor for electric energy, so that the current distribution of different positions on the radiation branch at the same time is different. Not too large, that is, a uniform current is generated. This is based on a uniform current flow on the radiating stub.
  • a uniform current can also be generated on the reference ground, and the direction of the current can be opposite to the direction of the radiation branch, thereby forming a closed uniform current loop, so that it can be near the radiation branch (such as between the radiation branch and the reference ground) area) to obtain a uniformly distributed magnetic field. Therefore, it is determined that the radiation of the current loop antenna can be successfully stimulated through the coupled feeding of the feeding branch as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • compositions shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are intended to illustrate the current distribution characteristics that the coupling feeding solution provided by the embodiment of the present application needs to satisfy.
  • the illustrations in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 do not constitute structural limitations on the radiation stub and/or the feeding stub.
  • At least one capacitor can be set at the end, as shown in FIG. 13A Show.
  • the end may refer to an end different from the feeding end.
  • the other end of the radiation stub may be grounded by setting the first capacitor C1 or C2.
  • the two ends of the radiating stub can be grounded through the first capacitors C1 and C2 respectively .
  • the size of the capacitors (such as C1 and C2 ) provided at the end can be determined according to the working frequency band of the current loop antenna.
  • Table 1 below provides an example of value ranges of C1 and C2 based on different working frequency band divisions.
  • the size of the capacitors C1 and C2 set at the end of the radiation branch can be included in [1.5pF, 15pF] within.
  • the size of the capacitors C1 and C2 arranged at the end of the radiation branch can be included within [0.5pF, 15pF].
  • the size of the capacitors C1 and C2 arranged at the end of the radiation branch can be included within [1.2pF, 12pF].
  • LB, MB, and HB are low, medium and high frequency bands, including but not limited to Bluetooth (Bluetooth, BT) communication technology, global positioning system (global positioning system, GPS) communication technology, wireless fidelity (wireless fidelity, Wi-Fi ) communication technology, global system for mobile communications (GSM) communication technology, wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) communication technology, long term evolution (LTE) communication technology, 5G Communication technology, SUB-6G communication technology and other communication technologies in the future, LB frequency band can cover 450MHz-1GHz, MB frequency band can cover 1GHz-3GHz, HB frequency band can cover 3GHz-10GHz, including 5G NR, WiFi 6E, Common frequency bands such as UWB.
  • Bluetooth Bluetooth
  • GSM global positioning system
  • WCDMA wideband code division multiple access
  • LTE long term evolution
  • LB frequency band can cover 450MHz-1GHz
  • MB frequency band can cover 1GHz-3GHz
  • HB frequency band can cover 3GHz-10GHz, including 5G NR, WiFi 6E, Common frequency bands
  • one or more third capacitors C3 can be connected in series on the radiation branch to make the distribution of the magnetic field obtained by excitation more uniform, thereby achieving the effect of improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
  • the following table 2 shows an example of a corresponding range between the working frequency band of the antenna and the capacitance value of C3 connected in series with the radiation stub.
  • the size of the series capacitor C3 arranged on the radiation branch can be included within [2pF, 25pF], As shown in Figure 22.
  • the size of the series capacitor C3 arranged on the radiation branch can be included within [0.8pF, 12pF].
  • the size of the series capacitor C3 arranged on the radiation branch can be included within [0.2pF, 8pF].
  • the current loop antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application can be excited through direct feeding, and can also be excited through coupled feeding.
  • FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 an example is given to illustrate the possible implementation of the feeding stub in the case of coupled feeding provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the feed branches shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11 when applied to the antenna shown in Figure 8 or Figure 9, they all conform to the current characteristics shown in Figure 8, and can realize the coupling of the current loop antenna feed.
  • the composition of the feeder stub is shown, and the position of the reference ground is shown as a reference.
  • the composition of any feeding branch as shown in FIG. 10 or FIG. 11 can be applied to the coupled feeding scenario of the current loop antenna as shown in FIG. 8 or 9 .
  • FIG. 10 it shows possible compositions of four feeder stubs provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the feeding stub may include two sub stubs. Such as the first power feeding part L1 and the second power feeding part L2.
  • One end of L1 and L2 is respectively coupled to the reference ground.
  • the other ends of L1 and L2 which are different from the ground end, are respectively coupled to the positive and negative poles of the feed point.
  • the lengths of L1 and L2 may be different on both sides of the feeding point.
  • L1 and L2 may be arranged as left and right mirror images relative to the feed point, that is, L1 and L2 may have an axisymmetric structure relative to the vertical axis of the feed point.
  • the feed point may also be located on the right or left of the feed branch. It should be noted that, in the implementation of this example, regardless of whether the feed point is set on the left part, the right part or the middle part of the radiating branch, it can be seen that the positive pole and the negative pole of the feed point will be respectively coupled with the radiator . For example, one end is coupled to L1, and the other end is coupled to L2.
  • the radiator of the feeding stub can be divided into two parts by the feeding point, such as the first feeding part L1 and the second feeding part L2 .
  • One ends of L1 and L2 are respectively coupled to the positive and negative poles of the feed point. That is to say, the feeding point can be set on the radiating stub (for example, at the central position), and the two ends of the feeding point can be respectively coupled to a part of the radiating stub.
  • the other ends of L1 and L2 can be grounded respectively through capacitors.
  • the specific location of the feed point on the feed stub can be flexible, such as being set close to the left part of the feed stub, or set close to the right part of the feed stub, Or set it in the middle part of the feeder branch.
  • the feeding stub may include a radiator, such as a third feeding part L3.
  • One end of L3 may be coupled to a feed point.
  • the other end of L3 can be coupled to the reference ground.
  • L3 may form a rectangle or an approximate rectangle with the edge of the reference ground.
  • the distance between the two ends of L3 may be equal to the long side of the rectangle.
  • the feeding point may be set at one end of L3.
  • the feeding point may be set at the left end of L3. That is to say, one end of the feeding point can be coupled to the radiator L3, and the other end of the feeding point can be coupled to the radio frequency signal line without being coupled to other radiators.
  • the feeding stub may include a radiator, such as a third feeding part L3.
  • One end of the L3 may be coupled to a feed point, so as to feed power to the radiator through the end, that is, the L3 may be arranged at one end of the radiator L3.
  • the other end of the L3 can be coupled to the reference ground.
  • a capacitor such as a fourth capacitor
  • the position of the fourth capacitor on L3 can be flexibly set.
  • the fourth capacitor can be set on the left part of L3.
  • the fourth capacitor can also be set on the right part of L3.
  • the fourth capacitor can also be set at a middle position of L3.
  • the feeder branch with any composition as shown in FIG. 10 can realize the current distribution shown in FIG. 8 , and the radiation branch is excited to perform radiation characteristic of current loop radiation.
  • the radiation characteristic of the current loop may refer to generating radiation with a characteristic of a uniform magnetic field around the radiator.
  • FIG. 11 shows specific implementation examples of some other feeding stubs provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the feeding stub in this example may also include a radiator, such as the third feeding part L3.
  • One end of the L3 may be coupled to a feed point, and the other end of the L3 may be coupled to a reference ground through a tuning device. That is, the feeding point may be provided at the end of the radiator L3. The other end of the feed point may not be coupled to the radiator, but directly connected to the radio frequency microstrip line.
  • the tuning device may include at least one of the following devices: capacitor, inductor, and resistor.
  • the feeding point and the tuning device may be located at the two ends of L3, respectively.
  • the tuning device can also be located at other positions on L3 than the feeding point.
  • L3 may form a rectangle or an approximate rectangle with the edge of the reference ground.
  • the distance between the two ends of L3 can be equal to the long side of the rectangle, that is, the distance between the two ends of the L3 can be equal to the distance between L3 in Projection length on radial stubs.
  • the feeding stub may also include a radiator, such as the third feeding part L3.
  • One end of the L3 may be coupled to a feed point, and the other end of the L3 may be coupled to a reference ground through a tuning device.
  • the difference from the solution shown in (a) in FIG. 11 is that in this example, the distance between the two ends of L3 may be smaller than the projected length of L3 on the radiating stub. That is, the distance between the feed end and the ground end is closer, which is closer to the form of a loop antenna.
  • the feeding stub may also include a radiator, such as the third feeding part L3.
  • One end of the L3 may be coupled to a feed point, and the other end of the L3 may be coupled to a reference ground through a tuning device.
  • the distance between the two ends of L3 may be smaller than the projection length of L3 on the radial branch.
  • a capacitor such as the fifth capacitor C5
  • this C5 can be located at different locations on L3.
  • C5 may be set at the lateral center of L3.
  • the feeding stub may also include a radiator, such as the third feeding part L3.
  • One end of the L3 may be coupled to a feed point, and the other end of the L3 may be coupled to a reference ground through a tuning device.
  • the distance between the two ends of L3 may be smaller than the projection length of L3 on the radial branch.
  • a sixth capacitor C6 and a seventh capacitor C7 can also be connected in series on both sides of C5.
  • the feed stubs with the various compositions shown in Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 above can be matched to the coupling feed of the current loop antenna as shown in Fig. 8 or Fig. 9, so as to excite the radiating stubs to radiate and generate a uniform magnetic field, namely Obtain an antenna with the radiation characteristics of a current loop antenna.
  • the capacitive/inductive tuning of the current loop antenna can be realized by adjusting the size of the radiator of the feeding stub.
  • the Smith chart it can be shown that the circle surrounded by the curve of the circle chart becomes larger and approaches the short-circuit point.
  • reducing the size of the radiator of the feeding stub can increase the capacitive capacity of the current loop antenna, and on the Smith chart, it can be shown that the circle surrounded by the curve of the circle chart becomes smaller and approaches the open point. In this way, the port matching of the current loop antenna in different scenarios can be realized.
  • the position of the feeding branch can also be set flexibly.
  • the feeding stub is located at the middle position between the radiation stub and the reference ground.
  • the feed stub may also move left and right along the x-axis on the basis of FIG. 8 . Because this composition can excite the radiation of the current loop antenna, and the distribution of the magnetic field generated by the current loop antenna is uniform, therefore, the left and right movement of the feeding branch will not have a significant impact on the radiation of the current loop antenna.
  • the left-right movement of the feeding stub does not have a significant impact on the resonant frequency and/or radiation performance (such as radiation efficiency or system efficiency) of the current loop antenna. That is to say, during the implementation of the coupled feeding solution provided by the embodiment of the present application, the position of the feeding branch can be flexibly selected according to the actual scene. It can be seen that since the position of the feeding branch is not strictly limited, it is more conducive to the implementation of the scheme.
  • FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 show several different implementations with the current characteristics shown in FIG. 8 , which can be flexibly selected in specific applications.
  • the examples in Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 are only examples, not exhaustive. If the composition of other feeding branches can produce the current characteristics as shown in Fig. 8, the excitation of the current loop antenna of the radiating branch can be realized. . Then this composition should also be included in the protection scope of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the current loop antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application can be applied to electronic devices including mobile phones.
  • the current loop antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application can be set at the edge of the mobile phone, so as to reuse the metal frame of the mobile phone, or provide good radiation performance based on the better radiation environment provided at the edge of the mobile phone.
  • the current loop antenna can be placed on the top of the mobile phone.
  • the current loop antenna can also be arranged on other sides of the mobile phone, such as the left side, the right side or the bottom, to realize its radiation function.
  • the current loop antenna may include various specific implementations.
  • the current loop antenna can include a current loop monopole antenna (such as a current loop ILA antenna), a current loop dipole antenna, a current loop slot (Slot) antenna, and a current loop composite left-handed antenna (The composite left hand antenna, CRLH), etc.; the structure of the left-hand antenna can refer to CN201380008276.8 and CN201410109571.9, and will not be repeated here.
  • the current loop antenna is a current loop monopole antenna
  • the feeding form adopts the coupling feeding structure as shown in (a) in Figure 10 as an example.
  • the coupling feeding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application A current loop antenna will be described.
  • the current loop monopole antenna may include a radiation branch 1 and a feeding branch 1 .
  • Radiation stub 1 may include a radiator.
  • both ends of the radiator can be grounded through capacitors (such as C1 and C2 ).
  • the sizes of C1 and C2 may be the same or different.
  • the size of the radiation branch 1 may be related to the working frequency band.
  • the length of the radiation stub 1 may be less than or equal to 1/4 of the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band.
  • the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band may be the wavelength of the central frequency point of the working frequency band.
  • the current loop monopole antenna can be coupled and fed through the feeding stub 1 .
  • the feeding stub 1 may include two radiators L1 and L2. One end of L1 and L2 is grounded respectively, such as coupled with a reference ground. The other ends of the L1 and L2 can be connected through a feed point. For example, one end of L1 may be connected to the positive pole of the feed point, and one end of L2 may be connected to the negative pole of the feed point.
  • signal transmission between the feed stub 1 and the radio frequency module can be performed through the feed point.
  • the radio frequency module can feed a signal to the feeding stub 1 through the feeding point, so that the feeding stub 1 can couple and feed the radiating stub 1 through magnetic coupling.
  • FIG. 13B in combination with FIG. 12A and FIG. 6 .
  • the current loop monopole antenna with the composition shown in FIG. 13A can be arranged on the top of the electronic device to cover one or more working frequency bands of the electronic device.
  • FIG. 14 shows a schematic diagram of a current simulation of the current loop monopole antenna having the composition shown in FIG. 13A during operation.
  • (a) in FIG. 14 is the actual simulation result.
  • (b) in FIG. 14 shows the simplified flow direction of the current on the current loop monopole antenna.
  • the feed branch 1 (such as L1 and L2) can form a current along the negative direction of the x-axis (ie, to the left).
  • a rightward current can be formed on the radiating stub 1 .
  • a leftward current can be formed on the reference ground.
  • the current on the radiation branch 1 can form a closed current loop with the current on the reference ground, so as to obtain the radiation characteristics of the current loop antenna.
  • FIG. 15 shows a schematic diagram of a magnetic field simulation during operation of the current loop monopole antenna with the composition shown in FIG. 13A . Similar to Fig. 14, (a) in Fig. 15 is the actual simulation result. For better illustration, (b) in Fig. 15 shows the simplified distribution of the magnetic field near the current loop monopole antenna. In conjunction with the description of Figure 14, in the case of the current distribution shown in Figure 14 (a) or Figure 14 (b), a uniform magnetic field distribution is obtained near the radiation branch 1, which further proves that there is The antenna with the structure shown in FIG. 13A can realize coupling feeding through the feeding stub 1 so that the radiating stub 1 performs radiation conforming to the radiation characteristics of the current loop antenna.
  • the radiation performance of the current loop monopole antenna is described below in combination with the simulation results of the S parameters.
  • the S11 of the current loop monopole antenna (as in (a) in FIG. 16 ) and the Smith chart (as in (b) in FIG. 16 ) are given. It can be seen that the current loop monopole antenna composed as shown in FIG. 13A can generate a resonance near 2 GHz without any matching device (or using few matching devices). The -5dB bandwidth of the resonance is close to 150MHz, so coverage of at least one operating frequency band can be achieved.
  • the antenna naturally has a good 50 ohm port matching characteristic, so it can reduce the requirements of the matching circuit (or device) on the antenna space and Design cost and production cost.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of efficiency simulation of the current loop monopole antenna having the composition shown in Fig. 13A.
  • the radiation efficiency of this antenna system (such as having a current loop monopole antenna system composed as shown in Figure 13A) is higher than -2dB between 1.6GHz-2.3GHz, therefore, in this frequency band (such as 1.6GHz-2.3 GHz), better radiation performance can be obtained by adjusting the resonance position.
  • FIG. 17 also shows the system efficiency when the resonance position is as shown in (a) in 16 (for example, the deepest point of resonance is located at about 2 GHz). It can be seen that the highest efficiency of the resonance has exceeded -1dB, and its -5dB bandwidth is greater than 200MHz. Therefore, the antenna can better cover the working frequency band.
  • the working frequency band may include common frequency bands used by electronic devices in the process of wireless communication, such as a frequency band (band) in the main frequency (700MHz-960MHz, and 1710MHz-2690MHz), and is used for LAN connection Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) frequency band and Bluetooth (bluetooth) frequency band. Therefore, the current loop monopole antenna with the composition shown in Figure 13A can be widely used in conventional antennas to help electronic devices realize their wireless communication functions.
  • a frequency band in the main frequency (700MHz-960MHz, and 1710MHz-2690MHz
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Networks
  • Bluetooth bluetooth
  • the length of the feeding stub can be used to adjust the inductive/capacitive component of the current loop antenna, so that the antenna has a port matching effect.
  • FIG. 18 is a comparison of S parameters corresponding to radiating stubs of the same length and feeding stubs 1 of different lengths in the current loop monopole antenna with the composition shown in FIG. 13A .
  • the lengths of the feeding branches 1 are 2.5 mm, 5 mm and 7.5 mm respectively as an example. It can be seen that the longer the feed stub 1 is, the higher the port matching degree is, and the deeper the S11 is, the wider the bandwidth can be correspondingly.
  • the Smith chart shown in Figure 19 As the length of the feeding stub 1 increases at any time, the inductance of the antenna increases, and at the same time, the signal can be better coupled and fed into the radiating stub 1 for radiation.
  • the Smith chart is getting closer and closer to a 50 ohm match.
  • the radiation efficiency around 2 GHz does not change significantly, so it proves that adjusting the length of the feeding stub 1 Port matching is performed without significant loss of radiation performance.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a current loop monopole antenna with the composition as shown in FIG. 13A .
  • the influence on the resonance frequency is compared and shown.
  • the resonances basically overlap. That is to say, in the specific implementation of the current loop monopole antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, the position of the feed stub 1 in the x-axis can be flexibly set.
  • the antenna solution provided by the embodiment of the present application is a current loop antenna
  • the nearby magnetic field is evenly distributed during its operation, so the position of the feeding stub 1 can be flexibly set according to the actual implementation scenario. Therefore, the design difficulty of the current loop monopole antenna can be significantly reduced.
  • the composition of the radiation stub 1 is only an example.
  • the radiation stub 1 may consist of a monopole radiator.
  • the radiation branch 1 may also have other forms.
  • one or more capacitors (such as a third capacitor C3 in series) may be connected in series on the radiation branch 1 .
  • FIG. 22 shows a schematic diagram of a current loop monopole antenna in which a C3 is connected in series with the radiating stub 1 .
  • the current loop monopole antenna can still be coupled and fed through the feeding branch 1 in the above example to obtain the current loop radiation characteristics.
  • the radiation efficiency of the antenna can be further improved when one or more capacitors (such as C3 ) are connected in series with the radiation stub 1 .
  • the setting of the corresponding capacitor position and the setting of the capacitor quantity can be flexibly selected according to actual needs, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the coupled feed adopts the composition shown in (a) in FIG. 10 as an example.
  • the composition of the coupling feed can also use other examples as shown in Figure 10, or any example in Figure 11, the effect that can be achieved is similar to the above examples, and the implementation of this application This example does not limit the composition of the coupling feed.
  • the specific implementation of the current loop monopole antenna having any composition as shown in FIG. 13A-FIG. 15 or FIG. 22 may be different.
  • the radiation body of the radiating branch 1 and/or the feeding branch 1 of the current loop monopole antenna may fully or partially reuse the metal frame of the electronic device.
  • the radiator of the radiating branch 1 and/or the feeding branch 1 of the current loop monopole antenna can also pass through a flexible circuit board (Flexible Printed Circuit, FPC), anodized die-casting molding process (Metalframe Diecasting for Anodicoxidation, MDA) and other forms.
  • FPC Flexible Printed Circuit
  • MDA Metalframe Diecasting for Anodicoxidation
  • the coupling feeding solution provided by the embodiment of the present application is described above in combination with the current loop monopole antenna.
  • the following takes the current loop antenna as a current loop dipole antenna, and the feeding form adopts the coupling feeding structure shown in (a) in Figure 10 as an example, and continues to carry out the coupling feeding current loop antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application. illustrate.
  • a typical monopole antenna radiates through a 1/4 wavelength radiating structure.
  • the dipole antenna is based on the image principle, and realizes radiation through a 1/2 wavelength radiation structure.
  • the radiation branch 2 of the current loop dipole antenna may include two radiators (such as L4 and L5 ).
  • the L4 and L5 can be coupled through a capacitor (such as the third capacitor C3).
  • the ends of L4 and L5 away from C3 may be coupled to ground through capacitors.
  • ends of the L4 and L5 away from C3 may be coupled to the ground through the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 respectively.
  • the sizes of C1 and C2 and the size of C3 may be determined according to the working frequency band of the current loop dipole antenna.
  • the total length of the radiation stub 2 (such as the lengths of L4 and L5 ) may be related to 1/2 wavelength of the working frequency band.
  • the total length of the radiation stub 2 may be less than 1/2 wavelength of the working frequency band and greater than 1/4 wavelength of the working frequency band.
  • C3 may be set at the center of the radial branch 2, that is, L4 and L5 may have the same size.
  • C3 may also be arranged on the left part of the radial branch 2, that is, the length of L4 may be shorter than the length of L5.
  • C3 may be set at the right part of the radial branch 2, that is, the length of L4 may be greater than the length of L5.
  • the current loop antenna radiation can be formed under the feeding structure shown in the feeding branch 2 (ie (a) in Figure 10) as shown in the figure feature.
  • the current loop dipole antenna with the composition shown in Figure 23A can be set on the top of the electronic device, for example, the radiator of the radiation branch 2 can reuse the top metal frame of the electronic device to cover one or more of the electronic device Working frequency.
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the coupled-feed current loop dipole antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • (a) in FIG. 24 is the actual simulation result.
  • (b) in FIG. 24 shows a simplified schematic diagram of the current near the current loop dipole antenna. It can be seen that when the current loop dipole antenna is working, a reverse current can be formed on the radiation branch 2 (such as L4 and L5) and the reference ground. For example, a leftward current can be formed on L4 and L5, and a rightward current can be formed on the reference ground.
  • the radiation branch 2 such as L4 and L5
  • the reference ground for example, a leftward current can be formed on L4 and L5, and a rightward current can be formed on the reference ground.
  • the current on L4 and L5 and the current on the reference ground can form a closed current loop.
  • a current in the same direction as the reference ground and in the opposite direction to L4 and L5 can be formed on the feeder branch 2 (such as L1 and L2). Therefore, it conforms to the current distribution characteristics of the current loop antenna in the working process.
  • FIG. 25 shows a schematic diagram of the magnetic field distribution of the coupled-feed current loop dipole antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • (a) in FIG. 25 is the actual simulation result.
  • (b) in FIG. 25 shows a simplified schematic diagram of the magnetic field near the current loop dipole antenna.
  • the current loop dipole antenna can form a uniform magnetic field in space when it is working.
  • a uniform magnetic field is formed perpendicular to the inward direction of the paper surface (ie, the positive direction of the z-axis).
  • a uniform magnetic field in the negative direction of the z-axis is formed in the lower space of L4 and L5.
  • the current distribution on L4 and L5 is more uniform, and forms a closed circuit with the current on the reference ground.
  • the current loop and thus the resulting magnetic field also have uniform distribution characteristics.
  • the coupled-feed current loop dipole antenna with the composition as shown in FIG. 23A can obtain the radiation characteristics of the current loop antenna.
  • the current loop dipole antenna can be excited to generate resonance near 2 GHz.
  • the -5dB bandwidth of the resonance exceeds 100MHz, so coverage of at least one operating frequency band can be achieved.
  • the Smith chart in addition to the settings of several capacitors (such as C1, C2 and C3) shown in Figure 23A, no additional The matching circuit can achieve better port matching for 50 ohms.
  • FIG. 27 a diagram of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the coupled-feed current loop dipole antenna with the composition as shown in FIG. 23A is shown.
  • the -2dB radiation efficiency bandwidth of the current loop dipole antenna exceeds 1GHz, so it can provide better radiation capability.
  • the -6dB bandwidth of the system efficiency of the current loop dipole antenna exceeds 300MHz. Therefore, in the actual environment, the current loop dipole antenna can also provide better bandwidth and radiation performance .
  • the composition of the radiation stub 2 is only an example.
  • a capacitor (C3) can be connected in series with the radiation stub 2.
  • the radiation branch 2 may also have other forms.
  • one or more capacitors C3 may be connected in series on L4 and L5.
  • FIG. 28 shows a schematic diagram of a current loop dipole antenna in which multiple capacitors (such as three C3 ) are connected in series on the radiating stub 2 .
  • a C3 can be connected in series on L4, and a C3 can also be connected in series on L5. It has been proved by experiments that the radiation efficiency of the antenna can be further improved when multiple capacitors C3 are connected in series on the radiation stub 2 .
  • the setting of the corresponding capacitor position and the setting of the capacitor quantity can be flexibly selected according to actual needs, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the coupling feed adopts the composition shown in (a) in Figure 10 as an example for illustration.
  • the composition of the coupling feed can also use other examples as shown in Figure 10, or any example in Figure 11, the effect that can be achieved is similar to the above examples, and the implementation of this application This example does not limit the composition of the coupling feed.
  • the specific implementation of the current loop dipole antenna with any composition as shown in Fig. 23A- Fig. 28 may be different.
  • the radiator of the radiating branch 2 and/or the feeding branch 2 of the current loop dipole antenna may fully or partially reuse the metal frame of the electronic device.
  • the radiator of the radiating branch 2 and/or the feeding branch 2 of the current loop dipole antenna may also be realized by a flexible printed circuit (FPC), MDA or the like.
  • FPC flexible printed circuit
  • MDA MDA
  • the coupling feeding solution provided by the embodiment of the present application is described above in combination with the current loop dipole antenna. Taking the current loop antenna as a current loop slot antenna and using the coupling feeding structure shown in (a) in FIG. 10 as an example, the coupling feeding current loop antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application will be described below.
  • FIG. 29A is a schematic composition diagram of a coupling-feed current loop slot antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the current loop slot antenna provided in this example may include a radiation stub 3 and a feeding stub 3 .
  • the feeding branch 3 can be used to generate a corresponding current on its radiator under the excitation of the feeding point.
  • the radiating stub 3 can obtain magnetic excitation from the feeding stub 3 through coupling feeding, thereby generating the radiation characteristics of the current loop antenna.
  • the feeding stub 3 can adopt a composition similar to that shown in (a) in FIG. 10 in the above example to realize its coupling and feeding function, which will not be repeated here.
  • the radiation branch 3 included in the current loop slot antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application may include at least two radiators (such as L6 and L7 ) with opposite ends.
  • the radiator composed of L6 and L7 may be the side opposite to the reference ground (the lower edge of the slot as shown in FIG. 29A ) among the four sides of the rectangular slot. That is, in this example, the radiator formed by L6 and L7 may be the upper edge of the rectangular slot.
  • one end of the L6 and the L7 may be arranged opposite to each other. At one end of the opposite arrangement, L6 and L7 may be coupled through a capacitor (eg, a third capacitor C3). As shown in FIG. 29A , the other ends of L6 and L7 can be respectively coupled to the reference ground. Thus, L6 and L7 can form a gap with the reference ground.
  • the slit may be a slit corresponding to the rectangular non-conductive region included in the radiation stub 3 .
  • the radiator forming the slot antenna and the reference ground close to the edge of the slot generate a relatively uniform closed current loop, so that a uniform distribution can be obtained in the slot magnetic field.
  • the size of C3 can be determined according to the working frequency band of the current loop dipole antenna.
  • a lateral current can be generated on the feeding stubs 3 (such as L1 and L2 ).
  • L6 and L7 can excite radiation with the characteristics of a current loop through coupling feeding.
  • FIG. 29B The current loop slot antenna with the composition shown in FIG. 29A can be set on the top of the electronic device to cover one or more working frequency bands of the electronic device.
  • FIG. 30 it is a schematic diagram of a current simulation of the current loop slot antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • (a) in FIG. 30 is the actual simulation result.
  • (b) in FIG. 30 shows a simplified schematic diagram of the current distribution of the current on L6 and L7.
  • a reverse current can be formed on the radiation stub 3 and the reference ground.
  • a leftward current can be formed on L6 and L7
  • a rightward current can be formed on the reference ground.
  • the current on L6 and L7 and the current on the reference ground can form a closed current loop.
  • currents in the same direction as the reference ground and opposite to the currents in L6 and L7 can be formed on L1 and L2. Therefore, it conforms to the current distribution characteristics of the current loop antenna in the working process.
  • FIG. 31 also provides a schematic diagram of a magnetic field simulation of the current loop slot antenna for the embodiment of the present application.
  • (a) in FIG. 31 is the actual simulation result.
  • (b) in FIG. 31 shows a simplified schematic diagram of the distribution of the magnetic field near L6 and L7 of the current loop slot antenna.
  • the current loop slot antenna can form a uniform magnetic field in space when it is working.
  • a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the inward direction of the paper surface ie, the positive direction of the z-axis
  • a uniform magnetic field in the negative direction of the z-axis is formed in the space below L6 and L7. Therefore, it is also proved that the current loop slot antenna with the coupled feed as shown in FIG. 29A can obtain the radiation characteristics of the current loop antenna.
  • the antenna solution provided by the embodiment of the present application also has better radiation performance. Combining with the simulation results of S parameters, the radiation of the current loop slot antenna with coupled feed as shown in FIG. 29A will be described below.
  • the current loop slot antenna can be excited to generate resonance near 2.2 GHz.
  • the -5dB bandwidth of the resonance is close to 500MHz, so coverage of at least one working frequency band can be achieved.
  • the current loop slot antenna does not need an additional matching circuit, and can achieve better performance against 50 ohms port match.
  • FIG. 33 a schematic illustration of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the current loop slot antenna with coupling feed as shown in FIG. 29A is shown.
  • the -2dB radiation efficiency bandwidth of the current loop slot antenna exceeds 1GHz, so it can provide better radiation capability.
  • the -6dB bandwidth of the system efficiency of the current loop slot antenna is also close to 1 GHz. Therefore, in the actual environment, the current loop slot antenna can also provide better bandwidth and radiation performance.
  • the analysis results of the size and position of the feeding stub 1 on the antenna radiation in Figs. 12B-21 are still applicable to the current loop slot antenna.
  • the lengths of L1 and L2 the port matching state of the current loop slot antenna can be adjusted.
  • the x-axis positions of L1 and L2 have little influence on the resonant frequency and radiation performance of the current loop slot antenna.
  • the composition of the radiation stub 3 is only an example.
  • a capacitor C3 may be set for coupling L6 and L7.
  • more C3 may be set in the radiation branch 3 .
  • one or more C3s may be connected in series on L6 and/or L7.
  • FIG. 34 shows a schematic diagram of a current loop slot antenna in which multiple capacitors (for example, three) are connected in series on the radiating stub 3 .
  • a capacitor C3 connected in series can be provided on L6 and L7 respectively, thereby further improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
  • the coupled feed adopts the composition shown in (a) in FIG. 10 as an example.
  • the composition of the coupling feed can also use other examples as shown in Figure 10, or any example in Figure 11, the effect that can be achieved is similar to the above examples, and the implementation of this application This example does not limit the composition of the coupling feed.
  • the specific implementation of the current loop slot antenna having any composition as shown in Fig. 29A- Fig. 34 may be different.
  • the radiator of the radiating branch 3 and/or the feeding branch 3 of the current loop slot antenna may fully or partially reuse the metal frame of the electronic device.
  • the radiator of the radiating branch 3 and/or the feeding branch 3 of the current loop slot antenna may also be realized by a flexible printed circuit (FPC), MDA or the like.
  • FPC flexible printed circuit
  • MDA MDA
  • the coupling feeding solution provided by the embodiment of the present application is described above in combination with the current loop slot antenna. Taking the current loop antenna as a current loop left-handed antenna and using the coupling feeding structure as shown in (a) in FIG.
  • FIG. 35A is a schematic composition diagram of a current loop left-handed antenna based on coupling feeding provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the current loop left-hand antenna provided in this example may include a radiation stub 4 and a feed stub 4 .
  • the feed stub 4 can be used to generate transverse current under the excitation of the feed point. Through magnetic coupling, the feeding stub 4 can excite the radiating stub 4 to generate radiation with the characteristic of current loop radiation.
  • the radiation branch 4 may include at least two radiators such as L8 and L9.
  • L8 and L9 may have opposite ends respectively, and at the opposite ends, L8 and L9 may be coupled through a capacitor C3.
  • the end of L8 away from C3 may be coupled to the reference ground through a capacitor (such as a left-hand capacitor).
  • the end of the L9 away from C3 can be directly coupled to the reference ground. That is to say, in this example, L8 may be a radiator on the radiator of the left-hand antenna, with both ends of the radiator coupled to capacitors.
  • L9 may be a radiator on the left-hand antenna, with one end coupled to a capacitor and one end grounded.
  • L9 may be a "one"-shaped radiator directly above the top radiation opposite to the reference ground as shown in FIG. 35A .
  • L9 may also be an "L"-shaped radiator formed by the above-mentioned "one"-shaped radiator and the radiator connected to the main ground of the reference ground.
  • the radiators of L8 and L9 are on the same straight line, and the radiators formed by them together form an "L" shape with the radiator of the connection part of the reference ground.
  • the size of the left-hand capacitor and C3 can be determined according to the working frequency band of the current loop dipole antenna.
  • the setting of the left-hand capacitor can be used to excite the radiation stub 4 to generate a corresponding left-hand mode for radiation.
  • the left-handed antenna with the current loop as shown in FIG. 35A can be set on the top of the electronic device to cover one or more working frequency bands of the electronic device.
  • the current loop left-hand antenna composed as shown in FIG. 35A , it can generate radiation with the characteristics of current loop antenna radiation under the coupling feeding of the feeding stub 4 .
  • description will be made in conjunction with the current simulation in FIG. 36 and the magnetic field simulation in FIG. 37 .
  • FIG. 36 is a schematic diagram of the current simulation of the current loop left-hand antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • (a) in Fig. 36 is the actual simulation result.
  • (b) in Fig. 36 shows the current on the radiation branch 4 (such as L8 and L9) of the left-hand antenna of the current loop Simplified illustration of current distribution.
  • a reverse current can be formed on L8, L9 and the reference ground.
  • a leftward current can be formed on L8 and L9
  • a rightward current can be formed on the reference ground.
  • the current on L8 and L9 and the current on the reference ground can form a closed current loop.
  • a current in the same direction as the reference ground and opposite to the current on L8 and L9 can be formed on the feeder branch 4 . Therefore, it conforms to the current distribution characteristics of the current loop antenna in the working process.
  • Figure 37 also provides a schematic diagram of the magnetic field simulation of the current loop left-hand antenna for the embodiment of the present application.
  • (a) in FIG. 37 is the actual simulation result.
  • (b) in FIG. 37 shows a simplified schematic diagram of the distribution of the magnetic field near L8 and L9 of the left-hand antenna of the current loop.
  • the current loop left-hand antenna can form a uniform magnetic field in space when it is working.
  • a uniform magnetic field is formed perpendicular to the inward direction of the paper surface (ie, the positive direction of the z-axis).
  • a uniform magnetic field in the negative direction of the z-axis is formed in the lower space of L8 and L9.
  • the left-handed current loop antenna with coupled feed as shown in FIG. 35A can obtain the radiation characteristics of the current loop antenna. It can be understood that, in this example, through the setting of C3, based on the energy storage characteristics of the electric energy of the capacitor, the antenna radiator and the surface of the reference ground close to the antenna can generate a closed uniform current, so that in this area (such as In the area surrounded by the radiation branch and the reference ground), a uniformly distributed magnetic field is obtained.
  • the antenna solution provided by the embodiment of the present application also has better radiation performance. Combining with the simulation results of S parameters, the radiation situation of the current loop left-handed antenna with coupled feed as shown in FIG. 35A will be described below.
  • the current loop left-hand antenna can be excited to generate resonance near 2 GHz.
  • the -5dB bandwidth of the resonance is close to 200MHz, so coverage of at least one working frequency band can be achieved.
  • the Smith chart in addition to a few capacitances shown in Fig. 35A in the left-hand current loop antenna (such as the capacitance coupling the radiator and the reference ground to excite the left-hand radiation, and the series
  • no additional matching circuit is required to achieve better port matching for 50 ohms.
  • FIG. 39 a diagram of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the current loop left-handed antenna with the coupled feed composition as shown in FIG. 35A is shown.
  • the -2dB radiation efficiency bandwidth of the current loop left-hand antenna is close to 1GHz, so it can provide better radiation capability.
  • the -6dB bandwidth of the system efficiency of the current loop left-hand antenna is also close to 1GHz. Therefore, in the actual environment, the current loop left-hand antenna can also provide better bandwidth and radiation performance.
  • the influence analysis results of the size and position of the feeding stub 1 on the antenna radiation in Figs. 12B-21 are still applicable to the current loop left-handed antenna.
  • the lengths of the feed stubs 4 such as L1 and L2
  • the port matching state of the left-hand current loop antenna can be adjusted.
  • the x-axis positions of L1 and L2 have little influence on the resonant frequency and radiation performance of the left-handed current loop antenna.
  • the composition of the radiation stub 4 is only an example. In some other implementations of the present application, the radiation branch 4 may also have other forms. Exemplarily, more capacitors may be connected in series on the radiation stub 4 .
  • FIG. 40 shows a schematic diagram of a current loop left-hand antenna in which multiple capacitors (for example, three) are connected in series on the radiating stub 4 .
  • a cascaded C3 can be added on L9.
  • more C3s can also be connected in series on L8.
  • the radiation efficiency of the antenna can be further improved when multiple capacitors are connected in series on the radiation stub 4 .
  • the setting of the corresponding capacitor position and the setting of the capacitor quantity can be flexibly selected according to actual needs, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the radiation characteristics of the current loop antenna are realized after being adjusted through the left-hand antenna.
  • the right-hand antenna it can also be improved in a manner similar to the above-mentioned left-hand antenna to obtain the radiation of the current-loop right-hand antenna.
  • the parameters and setting requirements of this antenna please refer to the current loop left-hand antenna, and will not repeat them here.
  • the coupling feed adopts the composition shown in (a) in Figure 10 as an example for illustration.
  • the composition of the coupling feed can also use other examples as shown in Figure 10, or any example in Figure 11, the effect that can be achieved is similar to the above examples, and the implementation of this application This example does not limit the composition of the coupling feed.
  • the specific implementation of the current loop left-handed antenna with any composition as shown in Fig. 35A- Fig. 40 may be different.
  • the radiator of the radiating branch 4 and/or the feeding branch 4 of the left-hand current loop antenna may fully or partially reuse the metal frame of the electronic device.
  • the radiation body of the radiating branch 4 and/or the feeding branch 4 of the left-hand current loop antenna may also be realized by a flexible printed circuit (FPC), MDA or the like.
  • FPC flexible printed circuit
  • MDA flexible printed circuit

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种耦合馈电的终端单极子天线，涉及天线技术领域，可以通过耦合馈电的形式，实现电流环天线的辐射，从而避免直馈对于电流环天线的设置限制。具体方案为：该天线包括馈电枝节以及辐射枝节，该辐射枝节包括至少一个辐射体，该辐射体的两侧末端分别通过第一电容和第二电容与参考地耦接。该馈电枝节与该辐射枝节不连接，该馈电枝节设置在该辐射枝节与该参考地之间，该馈电枝节上设置有馈电点，该馈电枝节用于向该辐射枝节进行耦合馈电。其中，该辐射枝节的长度小于该终端天线的工作波长的四分之一。

Description

一种耦合馈电的终端单极子天线
本申请要求于2021年8月20日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为202110961752.4、发明名称为“一种耦合馈电的终端单极子天线”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及天线技术领域，尤其涉及一种耦合馈电的终端单极子天线。
背景技术
随着电子设备的发展，电子设备中能够设置天线的环境越来越差。由此，典型的天线形式已经逐渐无法满足电子设备对无线通信质量的需求。
电流环天线由于其不同于典型天线的工作机制，能够使得天线在配置时对环境的要求更加灵活，因此具有良好的发展前景。常见的电流环天线均由直接馈电机制进行信号的馈入，由于直接馈电机制对空间的要求较高，因此提升了电流环天线的配置难度。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种耦合馈电的终端单极子天线，可以通过耦合馈电的形式，实现电流环天线的辐射，从而避免直馈对于电流环天线的设置限制。
为了达到上述目的，本申请实施例采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，提供一种耦合馈电的终端单极子天线，示例性的，该终端单极子天线可以为电流环天线。该天线包括馈电枝节以及辐射枝节，该辐射枝节包括至少一个辐射体，该辐射体的两侧末端分别通过第一电容和第二电容与参考地耦接。该馈电枝节与该辐射枝节不连接，该馈电枝节设置在该辐射枝节与该参考地之间，该馈电枝节上设置有馈电点，该馈电枝节用于向该辐射枝节进行耦合馈电。其中，该辐射枝节的长度小于该终端天线的工作波长的四分之一。
基于该方案，提供了一种通过空间耦合的方式实现馈电的电流环天线。在本示例中，该电流环天线可以为电流环单极子天线。本示例中，馈电枝节可以用于进行耦合馈电，该馈电枝节可以设置在辐射枝节与参考地之间，该馈电枝节由于可以通过空间耦合的形式进行馈电，因此与辐射枝节不连接。在一些实现中，该辐射枝节的两端可以分别通过电容接地，从而使得辐射枝节在工作时，在天线附近，比如天线辐射体与参考地之间形成均匀同向的磁场，即获得电流环天线的辐射特性。
在一种可能的设计中，在该天线的工作频段为450MHz-1GHz时，该第一电容和该第二电容的容值设置在[1.5pF，15pF]之内。在该天线的工作频段为1GHz-3GHz时，该第一电容和该第二电容的容值设置在[0.5pF，15pF]之内。在该天线的工作频段为3GHz-10GHz时，该第一电容和该第二电容的容值设置在[1.2pF，12pF]之内。基于该方案，提供了一种可能的调谐工作频段的方案。本示例提供了不同工作频段对应的末端电容的大小限定，由此保证了电流环天线的高效辐射。
在一种可能的设计中，该辐射枝节上串联有一个或多个第三电容。在该天线的工作 频段为450MHz-1GHz时，该第三电容的容值设置在[2pF，25pF]之内。在该天线的工作频段为1GHz-3GHz时，该第三电容的容值设置在[0.8pF，12pF]之内。在该天线的工作频段为3GHz-10GHz时，该第三电容的容值设置在[0.2pF，8pF]之内。基于该方案，提供了一种可能的调谐工作频段的方案。本示例提供了不同工作频段对应的串联在辐射体上的电容的大小限定，由此保证了电流环天线的高效辐射。一般而言，串联在辐射体上的电容数量越多，则能够使得磁场分布更加均匀，进而使得电流环天线的辐射效率得到提升。
在一种可能的设计中，该馈电枝节包括第一馈电部和第二馈电部，第一馈电部的一端与馈电点的一端耦接，第二馈电部的一端与馈电点的另一端耦接，第一馈电部和第二馈电部关于馈电点所在纵向轴线呈轴对称。该第一馈电部和该第二馈电部的远离馈电点的另一端分别与参考地耦接。基于该方案，提供了一种可能的馈电枝节的配置。具有该结构的馈电枝节，能够有效地激励上述示例中的辐射枝节进行具有电流环天线辐射特性的辐射。
在一种可能的设计中，该第一馈电部和该第二馈电部的远离馈电点的另一端分别与参考地耦接，包括：该第一馈电部和该第二馈电部的远离馈电点的另一端分别通过电容与参考地耦接。基于该方案，提供了一种可能的馈电枝节的配置。具有该结构的馈电枝节，能够有效地激励上述示例中的辐射枝节进行具有电流环天线辐射特性的辐射。
在一种可能的设计中，该馈电枝节包括第三馈电部，第三馈电部的第一端与馈电点的一端耦接，第三馈电部的第二端与参考地耦接，馈电点的另一端与射频微带线耦接。基于该方案，提供了一种可能的馈电枝节的配置。具有该结构的馈电枝节，能够有效地激励上述示例中的辐射枝节进行具有电流环天线辐射特性的辐射。
在一种可能的设计中，该第三馈电部上串联有至少一个电容，其中至少包括一个第四电容，该第四电容设置在该第三馈电部与该辐射枝节的耦合部分的中心。基于该方案，提供了一种可能的馈电枝节的配置。具有该结构的馈电枝节，能够有效地激励上述示例中的辐射枝节进行具有电流环天线辐射特性的辐射。
在一种可能的设计中，该第三馈电部的第二端通过调谐器件与该参考地耦接，该调谐器件包括如下器件中的至少一个：电容，电感，电阻。基于该方案，提供了一种可能的馈电枝节的配置。具有该结构的馈电枝节，能够有效地激励上述示例中的辐射枝节进行具有电流环天线辐射特性的辐射。
在一种可能的设计中，该第三馈电部的第一端与该第三馈电部第二端的距离小于该第三馈电部在该辐射枝节上的投影长度。基于该方案，提供了一种可能的馈电枝节的配置。具有该结构的馈电枝节，能够有效地激励上述示例中的辐射枝节进行具有电流环天线辐射特性的辐射。
在一种可能的设计中，该第三馈电部上串联有至少一个电容，其中至少包括一个第五电容，该第五电容设置在该第三馈电部与该辐射枝节的耦合部分的中心。基于该方案，提供了一种可能的馈电枝节的配置。具有该结构的馈电枝节，能够有效地激励上述示例中的辐射枝节进行具有电流环天线辐射特性的辐射。
在一种可能的设计中，该第三馈电部上串联的至少一个电容还包括：分别设置在该第五电容两侧的第六电容和第七电容。基于该方案，提供了一种可能的馈电枝节的配置。 具有该结构的馈电枝节，能够有效地激励上述示例中的辐射枝节进行具有电流环天线辐射特性的辐射。
在一种可能的设计中，不同尺寸的该馈电枝节对应的该终端天线的端口阻抗不同。基于该方案，提供了一种调节该电流环天线的端口阻抗的方案示例。比如可以通过调节馈电枝节的尺寸，实现对终端天线的端口阻抗的调节。
在一种可能的设计中，该馈电枝节用于激励该辐射枝节进行具有电流环天线辐射特征的辐射，该电流环天线辐射特征为该终端天线在工作时，该辐射枝节附近具有均匀磁场。基于该方案，提供了一种电流环天线的磁场分布特征的示例。可以理解的是，具有该磁场分布特性的天线，都应当包括在本申请实施例提供的电流环天线的范围之内。
在一种可能的设计中，该终端天线在工作时，该辐射枝节上的电流流向为第一方向，该参考地上的电流流向为第二方向，该第一方向与该第二方向相反。该馈电枝节上的电流流向为该第二方向。基于该方案，提供了一种在耦合馈电过程中，电流在天线上的分布示例。比如，辐射枝节上的电流可以与参考地之间的电流通过两端的电容形成闭合的电流环。在耦合馈电的过程中，馈电枝节上的电流方向可以与辐射枝节的电流方向相反。
第二方面，提供一种电子设备，该电子设备设置有至少一个处理器，射频模块，以及如第一方面及其任一种可能的设计中所述的终端天线，如耦合馈电的电流环天线。该电子设备在进行信号发射或接收时，通过该射频模块和该终端天线进行信号的发射或接收。
应当理解的是，上述第二方面提供的技术方案，其技术特征均可对应到第一方面及其可能的设计中提供的终端天线，因此能够达到的有益效果类似，此处不再赘述。
附图说明
图1为一种ILA天线的电流示意图；
图2为一种ILA天线的磁场示意图；
图3为一种电流环ILA天线的电流示意图；
图4为一种电流环ILA天线的磁场示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备的组成示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备的组成示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种参考坐标的示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环天线的电流示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环天线的磁场示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环天线的用于耦合馈电的馈电枝节的结构意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环天线的用于耦合馈电的馈电枝节的结构意图；
图12A为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环天线的设置位置示意图；
图12B为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环天线的种类示意图；
图13A为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环单极子天线的组成示意图；
图13B为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环单极子天线在电子设备中设置的示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环单极子天线的电流分布示意图；
图15为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环单极子天线的磁场分布示意图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环单极子天线的S参数示意图；
图17为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环单极子天线的效率仿真示意图；
图18为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环单极子天线的S11参数示意图；
图19为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环单极子天线的史密斯原图示意图；
图20为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环单极子天线的效率仿真示意图；
图21为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环单极子天线的S11参数示意图；
图22为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环单极子天线的组成示意图；
图23A为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环偶极子天线的组成示意图；
图23B为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环偶极子天线在电子设备中设置的示意图；
图24为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环偶极子天线的电流分布示意图；
图25为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环偶极子天线的磁场分布示意图；
图26为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环偶极子天线的S参数示意图；
图27为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环偶极子天线的效率仿真示意图；
图28为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环单极子天线的组成示意图；
图29A为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环缝隙天线的组成示意图；
图29B为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环缝隙天线在电子设备中设置的示意图；
图30为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环缝隙天线的电流分布示意图；
图31为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环缝隙天线的磁场分布示意图；
图32为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环缝隙天线的S参数示意图；
图33为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环缝隙天线的效率仿真示意图；
图34为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环单极子天线的组成示意图；
图35A为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环左手天线的组成示意图；
图35B为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环左手天线在电子设备中设置的示意图；
图36为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环左手天线的电流分布示意图；
图37为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环左手天线的磁场分布示意图；
图38为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环左手天线的S参数示意图；
图39为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环左手天线的效率仿真示意图；
图40为本申请实施例提供的一种电流环单极子天线的组成示意图。
具体实施方式
电子设备中可以通过设置一个或多个天线实现其无线通信功能。
一般而言，电子设备中的天线形式可以是多样的。比如，电子设备中的天线形式可以包括单极子(monopole)，偶极子(dipole)等形式。
示例性的，以倒置的L型天线(The Inverted-L Antenna，ILA)为例。ILA天线可以是单极子天线的一种实现方式。该ILA天线在工作时，可以基于其辐射体的尺寸，在对应的工作频段激励获取至少一个谐振。其中，ILA天线的辐射体的长度可以对应到工作频段对应波长的1/4。也就是说，ILA天线可以通过工作在1/4波长，实现工作频段的覆盖。
图1为一种ILA天线的电场分布示意图。可以看到，在ILA天线的辐射体上，会分 布有电流强点和电流弱点。在电流强点，电场较弱，磁场较强。对应的，在电流弱点，电场较强，磁场较弱。由于电流强点和电流弱点之间的电位差，在ILA天线上可以分布有如图1所示的电流。一般而言，以馈电点设置在ILA天线辐射体的一端为例。馈电点所在辐射体的一端为电流强点，不同于馈电点的另一端则为电流弱点。
基于如图1所示的电流分布，图2示出了该ILA天线在工作过程中，磁场的分布情况。可以看到，辐射体靠近馈电点的一端附近磁场较强，而对应的远离馈电点的一端附近磁场较弱。
结合图1和图2的说明，可以理解的是，在典型的天线(如单极子等)工作时，可以通过在天线的辐射体上不同位置激励不同强度的电流，从而使得天线工作在对应的模式。比如图1所示的1/4波长模式，进而获取对应频段的谐振覆盖工作频段，实现工作频段的无线信号的收发。在天线的辐射体上分布有不同强度的电流时，天线附近空间中分布的电场/磁场也不均匀。
不同于上述典型的天线，电流环天线作为一种新的天线形式，采用与典型天线类似的结构，能够激励天线辐射体周围产生均匀分布的磁场，由此产生谐振覆盖工作频段。电流环天线的激励形式不同于1/4波长模式等常规天线的激励，其实现更为简单，因此对环境的要求更低。在电子设备中为天线预留空间越来越少的背景下，电流环天线称为了一种极具竞争力的天线形式。
示例性的，以电流环ILA天线为例。在典型天线辐射体的一端可以连接馈电点。不同于典型的ILA天线，在远离馈电点的一端，天线的辐射体可以通过电容接地。由此即可实现在ILA天线附近激励均匀磁场的效果。即实现了电流环ILA天线的辐射效果。
图3示出了电流环ILA天线的一种电流分布情况。如图3所示，在电流环ILA天线上，天线辐射体上的电流可以与附近的参考地上的电流(如参考地上靠近天线的边上的电流)形成闭合的电流回路，由此形成“电流环”的特征。图4示出了该电流环ILA天线附近的磁场分布情况。可以看到，在天线辐射体附近，形成了均匀的磁场分布。在本申请实施例中，均匀的磁场分布，可以是指在距离电流环天线辐射体的相同距离处，由于天线辐射产生的空间中的磁场强度接近或相同。
应当理解的是，图3以及图4仅示出了以ILA天线为基础的电流环天线的结构示意以及工作情况。在另一些场景下，基于目前常用的天线，如其他形式的单极子天线，偶极子天线，缝隙天线，左手天线等，都可以通过简单的结构处理，使得该天线具有电流环天线的辐射特征。
本领域技术人员应当了解的是，天线工作过程中，馈电的设置对天线的配置以及正常工作是非常重要的。其中，馈电的设置可以包括馈电的形式，以及馈电的位置。
以馈电的形式为例。在不同场景下，馈电的形式可以包括直接馈电(简称为直馈)，以及耦合馈电等形式。其中，在对天线采用直馈进行馈电时，可以通过馈电部件实现。馈电部件的一端可以与发送/接收信号的与射频端连接的微带线耦接，馈电部件的另一端可以与天线辐射体耦接。这样，通过馈电部件，就可以将来自射频端的信号传输给天线辐射体进行辐射，或者，将天线接收到的信号传输给射频端进行处理。在一些的实现中，馈电部件可以通过导电弹片，顶针等部件与天线辐射体进行刚性连接。在另一些实现中，馈电部件的功能还可以是通过焊接等工艺实现电信号在微带线与天线辐射体之间 的导通的。
可以看到，无论采用何种直馈的具体实现，都需要在微带线与天线辐射体之间预留足够的空间设置馈电部件。同时为了能够进行较好的馈电，对馈电部件的设置也有较高的要求。相较之下，耦合馈电可以通过电场耦合/磁场耦合的形式，实现对天线辐射体上电流的激励。因此不需要实体部件(如馈电部件)与天线辐射体直接耦接。从而使得在空间不允许设置馈电部件直接与天线辐射体进行耦接时，也能够激励天线进行工作。
前述说明中，图1-图4中均设置有馈电部件(如图中所示的馈电点)实现对天线的直馈。而目前还没有较好的技术方案，能够通过耦合馈电激励电流环天线进行工作。由此也限制了电流环天线的使用。
为了解决上述问题，本申请实施例提供的耦合馈电机制，能够在不同的辐射体场景下，有效激励天线辐射体进行具有电流环天线辐射特征的辐射，如激励天线辐射体产生均匀的磁场进行辐射。由此实现了对电流环天线的耦合馈电。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例提供的耦合馈电方案，能够适用于不同的电流环天线中。如基于单极子天线的电流环单极子天线(如电流环ILA天线)，基于偶极子天线的电流环偶极子天线，基于左手天线的电流环左手天线，基于缝隙(slot)天线的电流环缝隙天线等。
以下结合实例以及附图，对本申请实施例提供的耦合馈电方案及其在不同电流环天线中具体使用进行详细说明。
首先对本申请实施例提供的耦合馈电方案所应用的电流环天线的设置环境进行说明。
本申请实施例涉及的电流环天线，可以应用在用户的电子设备中，用于支持电子设备的无线通信功能。比如，该电子设备可以是手机、平板电脑、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)\虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)设备、媒体播放器等便携式移动设备，该电子设备也可以是智能手表等可穿戴电子设备。本申请实施例对该设备的具体形态不作特殊限制。
请参考图5，为本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备500的结构示意图。如图5所示，本申请实施例提供的电子设备500沿z轴由上到下的顺序可以依次设置屏幕及盖板501，金属壳体502，内部结构503，以及后盖504。
其中，屏幕及盖板501可以用于实现电子设备的显示功能。金属壳体502可以作为电子设备500的主体框架，为电子设备500提供刚性支撑。内部结构503可以包括实现电子设备500各项功能的电子部件以及机械部件的集合。比如，该内部结构503可以包括屏蔽罩，螺钉，加强筋等。后盖504可以为电子设备500背部外观面，该后盖504在不同的实现中可以包括玻璃材料，陶瓷材料，塑料等。
本申请实施例提供的电流环天线方案能够应用在如图5所示的电子设备500中，用于支撑该电子设备500的无线通信功能。比如，该电流环天线可以设置在电子设备500的金属壳体502上。又如，该电流环天线可以设置在电子设备500的后盖504上等。
作为一种示例，以金属壳体502具有金属边框架构为例，图6示出了一种金属壳体502的组成示意。在本示例中，金属壳体可以采用金属材料，如铝合金等。如图6所示，该金属壳体上可以设置有参考地。该参考地可以为具有较大面积的完整的金属材料，用 于提供大部分刚性支撑，同时为各个电子部件提供零电位参考。在如图6所示的示例中，在参考地外围还可以设置有金属边框。该金属边框可以是完整的一个闭合的金属边框，也可以是如图6所示的通过一个或多个缝隙打断的金属边框。比如，在如图6的示例中，金属边框上可以分别在不同位置设置缝隙1，缝隙2以及缝隙3。这些缝隙可以打断金属边框，从而获取独立的金属枝节。在一些实施例中，这些金属枝节中的部分或全部可以用于作为天线的辐射枝节使用，从而实现天线设置过程中的结构复用，降低天线设置难度。在金属枝节作为天线的辐射枝节使用时，对应在金属枝节一端或两端设置的缝隙的位置可以根据天线的设置而灵活选取。
在如图6所示的示例中，金属边框上还可以设置一个或多个金属引脚。在一些示例中，金属引脚上可以设置有螺丝孔，用于通过螺钉固定其他结构件。在另一些示例中，金属引脚可以与馈电点耦接，以便在该金属引脚连接的金属枝节作为天线的辐射枝节使用时，通过金属引脚向天线进行馈电。在另一些示例中，金属引脚还可以与其他电子部件耦接，实现对应的电连接功能。
在本示例中，同时也示出了印制线路板(printed circuit board，PCB)在金属壳体上的设置示意。其中以主板(main board)和小板(sub board)分板设计为例。在另一些示例中，主板和小板还可以是连接的，比如L型PCB设计。在本申请的一些实施例中，主板(如PCB1)可以用于承载实现电子设备500的各项功能的电子部件。比如处理器，存储器，射频模块等。小板(如PCB2)也可以用于承载电子部件。比如通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus，USB)接口以及相关电路，音腔(speak box)等。又如，该小板还可以用于承载设置在底部(即电子设备的y轴负方向部分)的天线对应的射频电路等。
本申请实施例提供的耦合馈电的电流环天线均能够应用于具有如图5或图6所示的组成的电子设备中。
上述示例中的电子设备500仅为一种可能的组成。在本申请的另一些实施例中，电子设备500还可以具有其他组成。比如，为了实现电子设备500的无线通信功能，在电子设备中可以设置有如图7所示的通信模块。该通信模块可以包括天线，与天线进行信号交互的射频模块，以及与射频模块进行信号交互的处理器。示例性的，射频模块与天线之间的信号交互可以为模拟信号的交互。射频模块与处理器之间的信号交互可以为模拟信号或者数字信号。在一些实现中，处理器可以为基带处理器。
如图7所示，在本示例中，天线可以包括不同形式。比如，可以包括电流环天线。作为一种可能的实现，该电流环天线可以是通过耦合馈电进行馈电的。
为了便于说明，在以下示例中，均以该结构对应电子设备的背视图进行设置为例。比如，电子设备的背视图中，后置摄像头模组可以位于电子设备的左上角。以该后置摄像头模组为参考，远离该后置摄像头模组的水平方向可以为x轴正方向，对应向右的方向。相对的，靠近该后置摄像头模组的水平方向可以为x轴负方向，对应向左的方向。后者摄像头模组可以设置在电子设备上y轴正方向的部分，对应向上的方向。相对的，与y轴正方向反向即为y轴负方向，对应向下的方向。基于上述x轴和y轴的设置，z轴正方向为沿电子设备的背面向正面(即显示屏)射出的方向，对应向里的方向。相对的，z轴负方向为沿电子设备的正面向背面射出的方向，对应向外的方向。以下说明中 均以图7所示的坐标系设置进行说明。需要说明的是，该坐标系的设置仅为便于说明，并不构成对本申请实施例提供的耦合馈电方案的任何限定。
以下结合图8和图9对本申请实施例提供的耦合馈电形式进行说明。
参考图8，示出了在耦合馈电时，电流环天线上的电流情况。可以看到，在本申请实施例提供的耦合馈电的电流环天线中，可以包括辐射枝节以及馈电枝节。其中，辐射枝节与馈电直接不导通。馈电点设置在馈电枝节上。馈电枝节通过电场/磁场耦合，将能量耦合到辐射枝节上，激励辐射枝节进行辐射。其中，辐射枝节可以是能够进行电流环辐射的辐射体。
在该耦合馈电的电流环天线工作时，辐射枝节上的电流方向可以与作为参考地的地板(如地板接近电流环天线的边)的电流方向反向。从而形成辐射枝节与地板组成的电流环，进行具有电流环天线辐射特征的辐射。在本申请实施例中，为了能够激励获取上述电流环，在同一时刻，馈电枝节上的电流可以与辐射枝节上的电流反向，与参考地上的电流同向。具有该特征的馈电枝节能够激励电流环天线的辐射，同时不需要直接将信号馈电到辐射枝节上，也就实现了基于耦合馈电的电流环天线的辐射。
需要说明的是，在不同实施例中，可以通过在辐射枝节上设置串联和/或并联电容，获取上述效果。比如结合图8，可以在位置1设置电容等。对于电容的位置以及数量的限定，将在后续示例中结合实际场景详细说明，此处不再赘述。
图9给出了具有图8所示的电流特征的天线在工作时的磁场分布情况。可以看到，在辐射枝节附近产生了均匀的磁场，因此符合电流环天线的辐射特征。可以理解的是，本申请实施例提供的电流环天线的辐射枝节上可以通过设置电容(如通过电容接地)，基于电容对于电能的储能特性，使得辐射枝节上同一时刻不同位置的电流分布差异不会过大，即产生均匀电流。由此基于辐射枝节上的均匀电流。类似的，在参考地上也可以产生均匀的电流，该电流的方向可以与辐射枝节的方向相反，从而形成闭合的均匀电流环，这样就可以在辐射枝节附近(如辐射枝节与参考地之间的区域)获取均匀分布的磁场。由此确定通过如图7所示的馈电枝节的耦合馈电，能够成功激励电流环天线的辐射。
需要说明的是，图8以及图9所示的组成，意在说明本申请实施例提供的耦合馈电方案所需要满足的电流分布特征。图8以及图9的示意并不构成对辐射枝节和/或馈电枝节的结构限定。
示例性的，本申请实施例涉及的电流环天线的辐射枝节，在具体的设计中，可以在末端设置至少一个电容(如第一电容C1，和/或第二电容C2)，如图13A所示。其中，该末端可以指不同于馈电端的一端。例如，在辐射枝节的一端与馈电点耦接时，那么该辐射枝节的另一端可以通过设置第一电容C1或者C2接地。又如，在辐射枝节的中间位置设置有馈电点时，则辐射枝节的两个端点均未与馈电点耦接，那么该辐射枝节的两个端点可以分别通过第一电容C1以及C2接地。
其中，末端设置的电容(如C1以及C2)的大小可以根据该电流环天线的工作频段确定。例如，下表1给出了基于不同的工作频段划分的C1以及C2的取值范围的一种示例。
表1
工作频段 末端电容范围
低频 [1.5pF，15pF]
中频 [0.5pF，15pF]
高频 [1.2pF，12pF]
在表1的示例中，可以看到，在电流环天线的工作频段为低频(Low Band，LB)时，设置在辐射枝节的末端的电容C1以及C2的大小可以包括在[1.5pF，15pF]之内。在电流环天线的工作频段为中频(Mid Band，MB)时，设置在辐射枝节的末端的电容C1以及C2的大小可以包括在[0.5pF，15pF]之内。在电流环天线的工作频段为高频(High Band，HB)时，设置在辐射枝节的末端的电容C1以及C2的大小可以包括在[1.2pF，12pF]之内。
其中，其中的LB，MB，HB是低中高频段，包括不限于蓝牙(Bluetooth，BT)通信技术、全球定位系统(global positioning system，GPS)通信技术、无线保真(wireless fidelity，Wi-Fi)通信技术、全球移动通讯系统(global system for mobile communications，GSM)通信技术、宽频码分多址(wideband code division multiple access，WCDMA)通信技术、长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)通信技术、5G通信技术、SUB-6G通信技术以及未来其他通信技术等，LB频段可以是覆盖450MHz-1GHz，MB频段可以是覆盖1GHz-3GHz，HB频段可以是覆盖3GHz-10GHz，其中包括5G NR，WiFi 6E，UWB等常见频段。
本申请实施例提供的电流环天线，还可以通过在辐射枝节上串联一个或多个第三电容C3，使得激励获取的磁场分布更加均匀，由此达到提升天线辐射效率的效果。示例性的，以下表2示出了天线的工作频段与串联在辐射枝节上的C3的电容值所在范围的一种对应的示例。
表2
工作频段 枝节串联电容C3的范围
低频 [2pF，25pF]
中频 [0.8pF，12pF]
高频 [0.2pF，8pF]
在表2的示例中，可以看到，在电流环天线的工作频段为低频(Low Band，LB)时，设置在辐射枝节上的串联电容C3的大小可以包括在[2pF，25pF]之内，如图22所示。在电流环天线的工作频段为中频(Mid Band，MB)时，设置在辐射枝节上的串联电容C3的大小可以包括在[0.8pF，12pF]之内。在电流环天线的工作频段为高频(High Band，HB)时，设置在辐射枝节上的串联电容C3的大小可以包括在[0.2pF，8pF]之内。
需要说明的是，上述表1和表2中电容的范围示例仅为一种举例，在不同的环境下，电容的大小还可以是灵活设置的。
本申请实施例提供的电流环天线，能够通过直馈的方式进行激励，还能够通过耦合馈电的方式进行激励。以下结合图10以及图11，对本申请实施例提供的耦合馈电情况下的馈电枝节的可能的实现进行举例说明。具有如图10以及图11所示组成的馈电枝节，在应用与如图8或图9所示的天线中时，都符合如图8所示的电流特征，能够实现对电流环天线的耦合馈电。为了便于说明，在图10和图11的说明中，仅示出了馈电枝节的组成，同时示出了参考地的位置作为参考。在实际使用过程中，可以将如图10或图11 中的任一种的馈电枝节的组成应用到如图8或图9所示的电流环天线的耦合馈电场景中。
参考图10，示出了本申请实施例提供的四种馈电枝节的可能的组成。
如图10中的(a)所示，该示例中，馈电枝节可以包括两个子枝节。如第一馈电部L1以及第二馈电部L2。L1和L2分别有一端与参考地耦接。L1和L2的不同于接地端的另一端，分别与馈电点的正负极耦接。其中，在不同的示例中，馈电点两侧，L1和L2的长度可以是不同的。比如，L1和L2的长度相同时，则L1和L2可以相对于馈电点呈左右镜像分布，也即L1和L2相对于馈电点的垂直轴线，呈轴对称结构。又如，在L1和L2的长度不同时，则馈电点也可以位于馈电枝节上偏右或偏左的位置。需要说明的是，在本示例的实现中，无论馈电点设置在辐射枝节的左侧部分或者右侧部分或者中间部分，可以看到，馈电点的正极和负极都会分别与辐射体耦接。如一端与L1耦接，一端与L2耦接。
如图10中的(b)所示，为又一种馈电枝节的可能实现。在本示例中，类似于图10中的(a)示出的方案，馈电枝节的辐射体可以由馈电点分割为两部分，如第一馈电部L1以及第二馈电部L2。L1和L2的一端分别与馈电点正负极耦接。也就是说，馈电点可以设置在辐射枝节上(如中心位置)，馈电点的两端可以分别耦接辐射枝节的一部分。L1和L2的另一端可以分别通过电容接地。与图10中的(a)类似的，馈电枝节上的馈电点的具体设置位置可以是灵活的，如靠近馈电枝节的左侧部分设置，或者靠近馈电枝节的右侧部分设置，或者设置在馈电枝节的中间部分。
如图10中的(c)所示，馈电枝节可以包括一个辐射体，如第三馈电部L3。在L3的一端可以与馈电点耦接。在L3的另一端可以与参考地耦接。该示例提供的方案相较于上述示例中提供的方案，配置简单，更加易于实施。在一些实施例中，L3可以与参考地的边缘围成一个矩形或近似矩形。作为一种可能的实现，如图10中的(c)所示，L3的两端之间的距离可以等于矩形的长边。需要说明的是，在本示例的实现中，馈电点的设置可以是在L3的一个末端设置的。比如如图10中的(c)所示的，该馈电点可以设置在L3的左侧末端。也就是说，馈电点的一端可以与辐射体L3耦接，馈电点的另一端则可以与射频信号线耦接，而不需要与其他辐射体耦接。
如图10中的(d)所示，馈电枝节可以包括一个辐射体，如第三馈电部L3。该L3的一端可以与馈电点耦接，实现通过该端向辐射体的馈电，也就是说，该L3可以设置在辐射体L3的一个末端。该L3的另一端可以与参考地耦接。在本示例中，不同于图10中的(c)的结构示例，L3上还可以串联有电容(如第四电容)。在不同实施例中，该第四电容在L3上的位置可以是灵活设置的。比如，在一些实现中，该第四电容可以设置在L3的左边部分。在一些实现中，该第四电容也可以设置在L3的右边部分。在一些实现中，如图10中的(d)所示，该第四电容也可以设置在L3的中间位置。
具有如图10示出了任一种组成的馈电枝节，都能够实现图8所示的电流分布，激励辐射枝节进行电流环辐射特征的辐射。需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中，电流环辐射特征可以指在辐射体周围产生具有均匀磁场特征的辐射。
请参考图11，示出了本申请实施例提供的另一些馈电枝节的具体实现示例。
示例性的，如图11中的(a)所示，为本申请实施例提供的又一种馈电枝节的可能的实现。该实现可以是基于如图10中的(c)演变而来的。如图11中的(a)所示，本 示例中的馈电枝节也可以包括一个辐射体，如第三馈电部L3。该L3的一端可以与馈电点耦接，该L3的另一端可以通过调谐器件与参考地耦接。也即，馈电点可以设置在辐射体L3的末端。而馈电点的另一端可以不与辐射体耦接，而是直接与射频微带线连接。其中，调谐器件可以包括以下器件中至少一种：电容，电感，电阻。在本示例中，馈电点和调谐器件可以分别位于L3的两个端点处。在另一些实现中，调谐器件还可以位于L3上的其他不同于馈电点的位置。需要说明的是，在本示例中，L3可以与参考地的边缘围成一个矩形或近似矩形。作为一种可能的实现，如图11中的(a)所示，L3的两端之间的距离可以等于矩形的长边，也就是说，该L3的两端之间的距离可以等于L3在辐射枝节上的投影长度。
如图11中的(b)所示，为本申请实施例提供的又一种馈电枝节的可能的实现。该示例类似于如图11中的(a)示出的组成，馈电枝节也可以包括一个辐射体，如第三馈电部L3。该L3的一端可以与馈电点耦接，该L3的另一端可以通过调谐器件与参考地耦接。与图11中的(a)所示的方案的区别在于，本示例中，L3的两端之间的距离可以小于L3在辐射枝节上的投影长度。即馈电端和接地端之间的距离更近，更加接近loop天线的形式。
如图11中的(c)所示，为本申请实施例提供的又一种馈电枝节的可能的实现。该示例类似于如图11中的(b)示出的组成，馈电枝节也可以包括一个辐射体，如第三馈电部L3。该L3的一端可以与馈电点耦接，该L3的另一端可以通过调谐器件与参考地耦接。L3的两端之间的距离可以小于L3在辐射枝节上的投影长度。其区别在于，在本示例中，在L3上还可以串联有一个电容，如第五电容C5。在不同实现中，该C5可以位于L3上的不同位置。比如，如图11中的(c)所示，C5可以设置在L3的横向中心位置。
如图11中的(d)所示，为本申请实施例提供的又一种馈电枝节的可能的实现。该示例类似于如图11中的(c)示出的组成，馈电枝节也可以包括一个辐射体，如第三馈电部L3。该L3的一端可以与馈电点耦接，该L3的另一端可以通过调谐器件与参考地耦接。L3的两端之间的距离可以小于L3在辐射枝节上的投影长度。其区别在于，在本示例中，在L3上还可以串联更多电容。比如，在L3上可以串联C5之外，还可以在C5两侧分别串联第六电容C6以及第七电容C7。
具有上述图10以及图11所示出的各种组成的馈电枝节，可以匹配到如图8或图9的电流环天线的耦合馈电中，从而激励辐射枝节进行辐射，产生均匀磁场，即获得具有电流环天线的辐射特征的天线。
需要说明的是，具有本申请实施例提供的组成的馈电枝节在设置过程中，可以通过调整馈电枝节的辐射体的尺寸，实现对电流环天线的容性/感性的调谐。比如，通过史密斯(Smith)圆图标识电流环天线的容性/感性为例。加长馈电枝节的辐射体的尺寸，能够增加电流环天线的感性，在Smith圆图上可以表现为圆图曲线所围成的圆变大并向短路点靠近。对应的，减少馈电枝节的辐射体的尺寸，能够增加电流环天线的容性，在Smith圆图上可以表现为圆图曲线所围成的圆变小并向开路点靠近。由此可以实现在不同场景下的电流环天线的端口匹配。
此外，在本申请实施例中提供的耦合馈电方案中，馈电枝节的位置也可以是灵活设 置的。比如，结合图8中的示例。该示例中，是以馈电枝节位于辐射枝节与参考地之间的中间位置设置为例的。在本申请的另一些实现中，馈电枝节还可以在如图8的基础上，沿x轴左右移动。由于该组成能够激励电流环天线的辐射，而电流环天线所产生的磁场分布是均匀的，因此，馈电枝节的左右移动并不会对电流环天线的辐射产生显著影响。例如，馈电枝节的左右移动并不会对电流环天线的谐振频率和/或辐射性能(如辐射效率或系统效率)产生显著影响。也就是说，在本申请实施例提供的耦合馈电方案进行实施的过程中，可以根据实际场景，灵活选取馈电枝节的位置。可以看到，由于馈电枝节的位置并不做严格的限定，因此更加利于该方案的实施。
通过上述说明，本领域技术人员应当理解的是，通过对馈电枝节的设置，使得在进行耦合馈电时，馈电枝节上能够激励其具有如图8所示电流特征，就能够实现对辐射枝节上电流环天线的激励。图10以及图11中则示出了具有如图8所示的电流特征的几种不同的实现，在具体应用中可以灵活选取。当然，图10以及图11中的示例仅为举例，并非穷举，其他一些馈电枝节的组成，如果能够产生如图8所示的电流特征，就可以实现对辐射枝节的电流环天线的激励。那么该组成也应包括在本申请实施例的保护范围之内。
在实际实施过程中，本申请实施例提供的电流环天线，能够应用在包括手机在内的电子设备中。比如，以应用于手机为例。参考图12A，本申请实施例提供的电流环天线，能够设置在手机边缘处，从而达到复用手机的金属边框，或者基于手机边缘处提供的较好的辐射环境提供良好的辐射性能。比如，在一些实施例中，如图12A所示，电流环天线可以设置在手机的顶部。在本申请的另一些实施例中，电流环天线还可以设置在手机的其他侧边，如左侧，右侧或底部，实现其辐射功能。
以下将结合实际的电流环天线，以及上述示例中的耦合馈电方案，对不同电流环天线的实际应用场景下天线的配置及其辐射特征进行举例说明。由此更加清楚地对本申请实施例提供的耦合馈电方案进行说明。
示例性的，电流环天线可以包括多种不同的具体实现。比如，如图12B所示，电流环天线可以包括电流环单极子天线(如电流环ILA天线)，电流环偶极子天线，电流环缝隙(Slot)天线，以及电流环复合左手天线(The composite left hand antenna，CRLH)等；其中左手天线的结构可以参考CN201380008276.8和CN201410109571.9，在此不再赘述。
在一些实施例中，以电流环天线为电流环单极子天线，馈电形式采用如图10中的(a)所示的耦合馈电结构为例，对本申请实施例提供的耦合馈电的电流环天线进行说明。
如图13A所示，该电流环单极子天线可以包括辐射枝节1以及馈电枝节1。辐射枝节1可以包括一个辐射体。在本示例中，为了能够激励获取均匀的磁场，该辐射体的两端可以分别通过电容(如C1和C2)接地。C1和C2的大小可以相同，也可以不同。
在本申请实施例中，该辐射枝节1的尺寸可以是与工作频段相关的。比如，该辐射枝节1的长度可以小于等于工作频段对应波长的1/4。其中，工作频段对应波长可以为工作频段的中心频点的波长。
如图13A所示，该电流环单极子天线可以通过馈电枝节1进行耦合馈电。结合前述 图10中的(a)的说明，该馈电枝节1可以包括两个辐射体L1和L2。该L1和L2分别有一端接地，如与参考地耦接。该L1和L2的另一端可以通过馈电点连接。比如，L1的一端可以与馈电点的正极连接，对应的L2的一端可以与馈电点的负极连接。由此，使得馈电枝节1上可以通过馈电点与射频模块进行信号传输。比如，在发射场景下，射频模块可以将信号通过馈电点馈入馈电枝节1，以便于馈电枝节1通过磁耦合实现对辐射枝节1的耦合馈电。作为一种实现方式，结合图12A以及图6，参考图13B。该具有如图13A组成所示的电流环单极子天线可以设置在电子设备的顶部，用于覆盖电子设备的一个或多个工作频段。
图14示出了具有如图13A所示组成的电流环单极子天线在工作过程中的一种电流仿真示意图。其中图14中的(a)为实际仿真结果，为了进行更好的说明，图14中的(b)给出了电流在电流环单极子天线上的简化流向示意。可以看到，在该时刻，馈电枝节1(如L1和L2)上可以在馈电点的激励下，形成沿x轴负方向(即向左)的电流。在该馈电枝节1的耦合馈电激励下，在辐射枝节1上可以形成向右的电流。对应的，在参考地上可以形成向左的电流。在该场景下，辐射枝节1上的电流可以与参考地上的电流形成闭合的电流环回路，从而获取电流环天线的辐射特征。
图15示出了具有如图13A所示组成的电流环单极子天线在工作过程中的一种磁场仿真示意图。类似于图14，图15中的(a)为实际仿真结果，为了进行更好的说明，图15中的(b)给出了磁场在电流环单极子天线附近的简化分布示意。结合图14的说明，在具有如图14中的(a)或图14中的(b)所示的电流分布情况下，在辐射枝节1附近获取了均匀的磁场分布，由此进一步证明，具有如图13A所示的结构的天线，能够实现通过馈电枝节1的耦合馈电使得辐射枝节1进行符合电流环天线的辐射特征的辐射。
以下结合对S参数的仿真结果，说明该电流环单极子天线的辐射性能。结合图16，给出了该电流环单极子天线的S11(如图16中的(a))以及Smith圆图(如图16中的(b))。可以看到，在不需要任何匹配器件(或者使用很少匹配器件)的情况下，具有如图13A所示组成的电流环单极子天线，能够在2GHz附近产生一个谐振。该谐振的-5dB带宽接近150MHz，因此能够实现对至少一个工作频段的覆盖。基于该天线的Smith圆图，可以看到，通过如图13A所述的结构设计，使得天线自然具有良好的50欧姆的端口匹配特性，因此可以降低匹配电路(或者器件)对天线空间的要求以及设计的成本和生产的成本。
图17为具有如图13A所示组成的电流环单极子天线的效率仿真示意。该天线系统(如具有如图13A所示组成的电流环单极子天线系统)的辐射效率在1.6GHz-2.3GHz之间均高于-2dB，因此，在该频段内(如1.6GHz-2.3GHz)，可以通过调整谐振的位置，都能获取较好的辐射性能。图17中同时示出了在谐振位置如图16中的(a)的情况下(如谐振最深点位于2GHz左右)的系统效率。可以看到，该谐振的最高效率已经超过-1dB，其-5dB带宽大于200MHz。因此该天线能够较好地覆盖工作频段。
在本申请实施例中，工作频段可以包括电子设备在进行无线通信过程中的常用频段，如主频(700MHz-960MHz，以及1710MHz-2690MHz)中的一个频带(band)，又如用于局域网连接的无线局域网(Wireless Local Area Networks，WLAN)频段以及蓝牙(bluetooth)频段。由此，该具有如图13A所示组成的电流环单极子天线能够广泛地 应用在常规天线中，以帮助电子设备实现其无线通信功能。
为了使得本领域技术人员能够更好地将本申请实施例提供的基于耦合馈电的电流环单极子天线应用在实际产品中，以下给出不同长度的馈电枝节1对于该电流环单极子天线工作的影响。
结合前述说明，馈电枝节的长度可以用于调整电流环天线的感性/容性分量，从而使得天线具备端口匹配效果。
请参考图18，为在具有如图13A所示组成的电流环单极子天线中，相同长度的辐射枝节，不同长度的馈电枝节1对应的S参数对比示意。其中，以馈电枝节1的长度分别为2.5mm，5mm以及7.5mm为例。可以看到，馈电枝节1越长端口匹配度越高，S11越深，带宽也可以得到相应展宽。结合图19所示的Smith圆图的对比。随时则馈电枝节1的长度的增加，天线感性增强，同时信号可以更好地通过耦合馈入辐射枝节1进行辐射。Smith圆图越来越接近50欧姆的匹配状态。与之对应的，图20示出的辐射效率对比可以看到，在通过馈电枝节1的长度进行端口匹配的调整过程中，2GHz附近辐射效率没有明显变化，因此证明调整馈电枝节1的长度进行端口匹配不会造成辐射性能的大幅损失。
需要说明的是，上述图18和图19以及图20所示方案中，仅为当前环境下不同长度馈电枝节1的影响对比。在其他环境下，在要求天线具有较高容性的情况下，那么通过调整馈电枝节1的尺寸获取更好的容性匹配，即可获取较好的辐射效果。因此，可以根据不同环境的需求，灵活调整馈电枝节1的尺寸，从而获取较好的电流环单极子天线的辐射性能。
此外，本申请实施例还提供具有如图13A所示组成的电流环单极子天线，在其馈电枝节1的位置沿x轴左右移动的情况下，对谐振频率的影响对比示意。如图21所示，在馈电枝节1居中设置，以及馈电枝节1左移4.5mm或馈电枝节1右移4.5mm的情况下，其谐振基本重合。也就是说，在本申请实施例提供的电流环单极子天线在具体实现中，馈电枝节1在x轴向的位置可以是灵活设置的。结合前述说明，由于本申请实施例提供的天线方案为电流环天线，其工作过程中，附近磁场均匀分布，因此，馈电枝节1的位置可以根据实际实施场景灵活设置。由此能够显著降低该电流环单极子天线的设计难度。
需要说明的是，上述图13A-图21中提供的电流环单极子天线中，辐射枝节1的组成仅为一种示例。比如，该辐射枝节1可以由一个单极子辐射体组成。在本申请的另一些实现中，该辐射枝节1还可以具有其他形式。示例性的，在辐射枝节1上可以串联有一个或多个电容(如串联第三电容C3)。例如，图22示出了辐射枝节1上串联一个C3的电流环单极子天线示意。该电流环单极子天线依然可以通过上述示例中的馈电枝节1进行耦合馈电，获取电流环辐射特性。通过实验证明，在辐射枝节1上串联一个或多个电容(如C3)的情况下，能够进一步提高天线辐射效率。对应电容位置的设置，以及电容数量的设置，可以根据实际需要灵活选取，本申请实施例对此不作限制。
此外，上述示例中，均以耦合馈电采用如图10中的(a)所示的组成为例进行说明的。在本申请的另一些实施例中，耦合馈电的组成还可以采用如图10中的其他示例，或者如图11中的任一种示例，其能够达到的效果与上述示例类似，本申请实施例对耦合馈电采用的组成形式不做限定。
在不同的具体实施过程中，具有如图13A-图15或图22中任一种组成的电流环单极子天线的具体实现可以是不同的。比如，在一些实施例中，结合图13B，电流环单极子天线的辐射枝节1和/或馈电枝节1的辐射体可以全部或部分复用电子设备的金属边框。在另一些实施例中，电流环单极子天线的辐射枝节1和/或馈电枝节1的辐射体也可以通过柔性电路板(Flexible Printed Circuit，FPC)，阳极氧化的压铸成型工艺(Metalframe Diecasting for Anodicoxidation，MDA)等形式实现。本申请实施例对于电流环单极子天线的具体实现形式不作限制。
以上是结合电流环单极子天线，对本申请实施例提供的耦合馈电方案进行说明的。以下以电流环天线为电流环偶极子天线，馈电形式采用如图10中的(a)所示的耦合馈电结构为例，继续对本申请实施例提供的耦合馈电的电流环天线进行说明。
应当理解的是，典型的单极子天线通过一个1/4波长的辐射结构实现辐射。与之对应的，偶极子天线基于镜像原理，通过一个1/2波长的辐射结构实现辐射。
本示例中，基于典型的偶极子，对其进行改进，并通过耦合馈电实现信号的传输，从而获取电流环偶极子天线。
结合图23A，为本申请实施例提供的一种耦合馈电的电流环偶极子天线的示意图。如图23A所示，该电流环偶极子天线的辐射枝节2可以包括两个辐射体(如L4以及L5)。该L4以及L5可以通过电容(如第三电容C3)耦接。该L4以及L5远离C3的一端可以分别通过电容与地耦接。比如，该L4以及L5远离C3的一端可以分别通过第一电容C1以及第二电容C2耦接到地。
在不同实现中，C1和C2的大小以及C3的大小可以根据电流环偶极子天线的工作频段确定。
在一些实施例中，辐射枝节2的总长度(如L4以及L5的长度)可以是与工作频段的1/2波长相关的。比如，辐射枝节2的总长度可以小于工作频段的1/2波长并且大于工作频段的1/4波长。
需要说明的是，在本申请的不同实施例中，L4以及L5之间设置的C3的位置可以是灵活的。比如，C3可以设置在辐射枝节2的中心位置，即L4和L5可以具有相同尺寸。在另一些实施例中，C3还可以是设置在辐射枝节2的左边部分，即L4的长度可以小于L5的长度。或者，C3可以设置在辐射枝节2的右边部分，即L4的长度可以大于L5的长度。
具有如图23A所示的组成的电流环偶极子天线，能够在如图所示的馈电枝节2(即如图10中的(a))所示的馈电结构下形成电流环天线辐射特征。作为一种实现方式，参考图23B。该具有如图23A组成所示的电流环偶极子天线可以设置在电子设备的顶部，比如辐射枝节2的辐射体可以复用电子设备的顶部金属边框，用于覆盖电子设备的一个或多个工作频段。
以下结合电流仿真和磁场仿真对该如图23A所示的电流环偶极子天线的工作情况进行说明。
示例性的，请参考图24，为本申请实施例提供的耦合馈电的电流环偶极子天线的电流分布情况示意图。其中图24中的(a)为实际仿真结果，为了进行更好的说明，图24中的(b)给出了电流在电流环偶极子天线附近的简化示意。可以看到，该电流环偶 极子天线在工作时，在辐射枝节2(如L4和L5)以及参考地上可以形成反向电流。例如，在L4和L5上可以形成向左的电流，在参考地上可以形成向右的电流。那么，通过左右分别设置的电容(如C1和C2)，该L4和L5上的电流与参考地上的电流就能够形成一个闭合的电流环。此外，在馈电枝节2(如L1和L2)上可以形成与参考地同向，与L4和L5反向的电流。因此符合电流环天线在工作过程中的电流分布特征。
与图24对应的，图25示出了本申请实施例提供的耦合馈电的电流环偶极子天线的磁场分布情况示意图。其中图25中的(a)为实际仿真结果，为了进行更好的说明，图25中的(b)给出了磁场在电流环偶极子天线附近的简化示意。可以看到，该电流环偶极子天线在工作时，可以在空间中形成均匀的磁场。比如，在L4和L5的上部空间形成垂直纸面向里方向(即z轴正方向)的均匀磁场。在L4和L5的下部空间形成z轴负方向的均匀磁场。应当理解的是，结合前述说明，由于电容C1,C2,以及C3的设置，基于电容的对电能的储能特性，使得L4和L5上的电流分布更加均匀，并且与参考地上的电流形成闭合的电流回路，从而由此产生的磁场也具有均匀分布特性。由此，也就证明了具有如图23A所示的组成的耦合馈电的电流环偶极子天线能够获取电流环天线的辐射特征。
以下结合S参数的仿真结果，对具有如图23A所示的组成的耦合馈电的电流环偶极子天线的辐射情况进行说明。
示例性的，结合图26。如图26中的(a)所示，在S11曲线上，该电流环偶极子天线能够在2GHz附近激励产生谐振。该谐振的-5dB带宽超过100MHz，因此能够实现对至少一个工作频段的覆盖。结合图26中的(b)，在Smith圆图中，该电流环偶极子天线中除了如图23A所示的几个电容(如C1，C2以及C3)的设置之外，不需要额外的匹配电路，即可实现较好的针对50欧姆的端口匹配。结合图27，示出了具有如图23A所示的组成的耦合馈电的电流环偶极子天线的辐射效率以及系统效率的示意。如图27所示，该电流环偶极子天线的-2dB辐射效率带宽超过1GHz，因此能够提供较好的辐射能力。对应的，在当前环境下，该电流环偶极子天线的系统效率的-6dB带宽超过300MHz，因此，在实际的环境中，该电流环偶极子天线也能够提供较好的带宽以及辐射性能。
结合前述针对电流环单极子天线中，图12B-图21中关于L1和L2的尺寸以及位置对于天线辐射的影响分析结果，对于电流环偶极子天线依然适用。比如，通过调整L1和/或L2的长度，可以实现对电流环偶极子天线的端口匹配状态的调整。又如，L1和L2的x轴向位置对于电流环偶极子天线的谐振频率以及辐射性能影响不大。
需要说明的是，上述图23A-图27中提供的电流环偶极子天线中，辐射枝节2的组成仅为一种示例。比如，除接地处的两个电容(C1和C2)之外，该辐射枝节2上可以串联一个电容(C3)。在本申请的另一些实现中，该辐射枝节2还可以具有其他形式。示例性的，在L4以及L5上还可以串联一个或多个电容C3。例如，图28示出了辐射枝节2上串联多个电容(如3个C3)的电流环偶极子天线示意。本示例中，L4上还可以串联一个C3，L5上也可以串联一个C3。通过实验证明，在辐射枝节2上串联多个电容C3的情况下，能够进一步提高天线辐射效率。对应电容位置的设置，以及电容数量的设置，可以根据实际需要灵活选取，本申请实施例对此不作限制。
此外，上述示例中，均以耦合馈电采用如图10中的(a)所示的组成为例进行说明 的。在本申请的另一些实施例中，耦合馈电的组成还可以采用如图10中的其他示例，或者如图11中的任一种示例，其能够达到的效果与上述示例类似，本申请实施例对耦合馈电采用的组成形式不做限定。
在不同的具体实施过程中，具有如图23A-图28中任一种组成的电流环偶极子天线的具体实现可以是不同的。比如，在一些实施例中，电流环偶极子天线的辐射枝节2和/或馈电枝节2的辐射体可以全部或部分复用电子设备的金属边框。在另一些实施例中，电流环偶极子天线的辐射枝节2和/或馈电枝节2的辐射体也可以通过柔性电路板(Flexible Printed Circuit，FPC)，MDA等形式实现。本申请实施例对于电流环偶极子天线的具体实现形式不作限制。
以上是结合电流环偶极子天线，对本申请实施例提供的耦合馈电方案进行说明的。以下以电流环天线为电流环缝隙天线，馈电形式采用如图10中的(a)所示的耦合馈电结构为例，对本申请实施例提供的耦合馈电的电流环天线进行说明。
请参考图29A，为本申请实施例提供的一种耦合馈电的电流环缝隙天线的组成示意图。
如图29A所示，本示例提供的电流环缝隙天线可以包括辐射枝节3以及馈电枝节3。其中，馈电枝节3可以用于在馈电点的激励下，在其辐射体上产生对应的电流。辐射枝节3可以通过耦合馈电，从馈电枝节3上获取磁激励，从而产生电流环天线的辐射特征。
在本示例中，馈电枝节3可以采用类似于上述示例中的图10中的(a)所示的组成实现其耦合馈电功能，此处不再赘述。如图29A所示，本申请实施例提供的电流环缝隙天线中包括的辐射枝节3可以包括至少两个末端相对设置的辐射体(如L6以及L7)。作为一种实现，以辐射体与参考地围成的空心矩形缝隙为例。L6和L7组成的辐射体可以是该矩形缝隙的四个边中，与参考地主地(如图29A所示的缝隙下边沿)相对的边。也即在本示例中，L6和L7组成的辐射体可以为该矩形缝隙的上边沿。其中，该L6以及L7的一端可以相对设置。在该相对设置的一端，L6和L7可以通过电容(如第三电容C3)耦接。如图29A所示，该L6以及L7的另一端可以分别与参考地耦接。由此，L6以及L7可以与参考地形成缝隙。结合图29A，该缝隙可以是辐射枝节3中包括的矩形非导电区域对应的缝隙。可以理解的是，由于C3的设置，基于电容的对电能的储能特性，使得构成缝隙天线的辐射体以及参考地的靠近缝隙边沿产生较为均匀的闭合电流环，从而在缝隙中可以获取均匀分布的磁场。
在不同实现中，C3的大小可以根据电流环偶极子天线的工作频段确定。
在该电流环缝隙天线工作时，馈电枝节3(如L1以及L2)上可以产生横向电流。在该横向电流的激励下，L6以及L7可以通过耦合馈电激励具有电流环特征的辐射。作为一种实现方式，参考图29B。该具有如图29A组成所示的电流环缝隙天线可以设置在电子设备的顶部，用于覆盖电子设备的一个或多个工作频段。
以下结合电流以及磁场仿真结果，对本申请实施例提供的电流环缝隙天线的工作情况进行说明。
示例性的，结合图30，为本申请实施例提供的电流环缝隙天线的电流仿真示意图。其中，图30中的(a)为实际仿真结果，为了进行更好的说明，图30中的(b)给出了电流在L6以及L7上的电流分布的简化示意。可以看到，该电流环缝隙天线在工作时， 在辐射枝节3以及参考地上可以形成反向电流。例如，在L6以及L7上可以形成向左的电流，在参考地上可以形成向右的电流。那么，该L6以及L7上的电流与参考地上的电流就能够形成一个闭合的电流环。此外，在L1以及L2上可以形成与参考地同向，与L6以及L7上电流反向的电流。因此符合电流环天线在工作过程中的电流分布特征。
在图30的基础上，请参考图31，为本申请实施例还提供了该电流环缝隙天线的磁场仿真示意图。其中，图31中的(a)为实际仿真结果，为了进行更好的说明，图31中的(b)给出了磁场在该电流环缝隙天线的L6以及L7附近分布的简化示意。可以看到，该电流环缝隙天线在工作时，可以在空间中形成均匀的磁场。比如，在L6以及L7的上部空间形成垂直纸面向里方向(即z轴正方向)的均匀磁场。在L6以及L7的下部空间形成z轴负方向的均匀磁场。由此，也就证明了具有如图29A所示的组成的耦合馈电的电流环缝隙天线能够获取电流环天线的辐射特征。
本申请实施例提供的天线方案同时还具有较好的辐射性能。以下结合S参数的仿真结果，对具有如图29A所示的组成的耦合馈电的电流环缝隙天线的辐射情况进行说明。
示例性的，结合图32。如图32中的(a)所示，在S11曲线上，该电流环缝隙天线能够在2.2GHz附近激励产生谐振。该谐振的-5dB带宽接近500MHz，因此能够实现对至少一个工作频段的覆盖。结合图32中的(b)，在Smith圆图中，该电流环缝隙天线中除了如图29A所示的电容的设置之外，不需要额外的匹配电路，即可实现较好的针对50欧姆的端口匹配。结合图33，示出了具有如图29A所示的组成的耦合馈电的电流环缝隙天线的辐射效率以及系统效率的示意。如图33所示，该电流环缝隙天线的-2dB辐射效率带宽超过1GHz，因此能够提供较好的辐射能力。对应的，在当前环境下，该电流环缝隙天线的系统效率的-6dB带宽也接近1GHz，因此，在实际的环境中，该电流环缝隙天线也能够提供较好的带宽以及辐射性能。
结合前述针对电流环单极子天线中，图12B-图21中关于馈电枝节1的尺寸以及位置对于天线辐射的影响分析结果，对于电流环缝隙天线依然适用。比如，通过调整L1以及L2的长度，可以实现对电流环缝隙天线的端口匹配状态的调整。又如，L1以及L2的x轴向位置对于电流环缝隙天线的谐振频率以及辐射性能影响不大。
需要说明的是，上述图29A-图33中提供的电流环缝隙天线中，辐射枝节3的组成仅为一种示例。比如，在辐射枝节3上，可以设置一个电容C3用于耦接L6和L7。在本申请的另一些实现中，该辐射枝节3还可以设置更多的C3。示例性的，可以在L6和/或L7上串联一个或多个C3。例如，图34示出了辐射枝节3上串联多个电容(如3个)的电流环缝隙天线示意。在该示例中，在L6和L7上可以分别设置一个串联的电容C3，由此可以起到进一步提高天线辐射效率的效果。在不同示例中，对于辐射枝节上串联C3的位置不作限定。
此外，上述示例中，均以耦合馈电采用如图10中的(a)所示的组成为例进行说明的。在本申请的另一些实施例中，耦合馈电的组成还可以采用如图10中的其他示例，或者如图11中的任一种示例，其能够达到的效果与上述示例类似，本申请实施例对耦合馈电采用的组成形式不做限定。
在不同的具体实施过程中，具有如图29A-图34中任一种组成的电流环缝隙天线的具体实现可以是不同的。比如，在一些实施例中，电流环缝隙天线的辐射枝节3和/或 馈电枝节3的辐射体可以全部或部分复用电子设备的金属边框。在另一些实施例中，电流环缝隙天线的辐射枝节3和/或馈电枝节3的辐射体也可以通过柔性电路板(Flexible Printed Circuit，FPC)，MDA等形式实现。本申请实施例对于电流环缝隙天线的具体实现形式不作限制。
以上是结合电流环缝隙天线，对本申请实施例提供的耦合馈电方案进行说明的。以下以电流环天线为电流环左手天线，馈电形式采用如图10中的(a)所示的耦合馈电结构为例，对本申请实施例提供的耦合馈电的电流环天线进行说明。
示例性的，请参考图35A，为本申请实施例提供的一种基于耦合馈电的电流环左手天线的组成示意图。
如图35A所示，在本示例中提供的电流环左手天线中可以包括辐射枝节4以及馈电枝节4。馈电枝节4可以用于在馈电点的激励下，产生横向电流。通过磁耦合，该馈电枝节4可以激励辐射枝节4产生具有电流环辐射特征的辐射。
在本示例中，该辐射枝节4可以包括至少两个辐射体如L8以及L9。其中，L8以及L9可以分别有一端相对设置，在该相对设置的一端，L8和L9可以通过电容C3耦接。此外，对于该两个辐射体中的一个辐射体(如L8)，在L8的远离C3的一端，可以通过电容(如左手电容)与参考地耦接。对于该两个辐射体中的另一个辐射体(如L9)，该L9的远离C3的一端可以直接与参考地耦接。也就是说，在本示例中，L8可以为左手天线辐射体上，两端均耦接电容的辐射体。L9可以为左手天线的辐射体上，一端耦接电容，一端接地的辐射体。其中，在不同实现中，L9可以为如图35A中所示的与参考地相对的顶部辐射直接上的“一”字型辐射体。或者，在另一些实现中，L9还可以是上述“一”字型辐射体以及与参考地主地连接部分的辐射体构成的“L”型辐射体。在另一些实现中，L8和L9的辐射体在同一直线上，其共同构成的辐射体与参考地主地连接部分的辐射体构成“L”型。
在不同实现中，左手电容以及C3的大小可以根据电流环偶极子天线的工作频段确定。其中，左手电容的设置可以用于激励辐射枝节4上产生对应的左手模式进行辐射。
作为一种实现方式，参考图35B。该具有如图35A组成所示的电流环左手天线可以设置在电子设备的顶部，用于覆盖电子设备的一个或多个工作频段。
具有如图35A所示组成的电流环左手天线，能够在馈电枝节4的耦合馈电下，产生具有电流环天线辐射特征的辐射。示例性的，结合图36的电流仿真以及图37的磁场仿真进行说明。
请参考图36，为本申请实施例提供的电流环左手天线的电流仿真示意图。其中，图36中的(a)为实际仿真结果，为了进行更好的说明，图36中的(b)给出了电流在该电流环左手天线的辐射枝节4(如L8以及L9)上的电流分布的简化示意。可以看到，该电流环左手天线在工作时，在L8以及L9以及参考地上可以形成反向电流。例如，在L8以及L9上可以形成向左的电流，在参考地上可以形成向右的电流。那么，该L8以及L9上的电流与参考地上的电流就能够形成一个闭合的电流环。此外，在馈电枝节4上可以形成与参考地同向，与L8以及L9上电流反向的电流。因此符合电流环天线在工作过程中的电流分布特征。
在图36的基础上，请参考图37，为本申请实施例还提供了该电流环左手天线的磁 场仿真示意图。其中，图37中的(a)为实际仿真结果，为了进行更好的说明，图37中的(b)给出了磁场在该电流环左手天线的L8以及L9附近分布的简化示意。可以看到，该电流环左手天线在工作时，可以在空间中形成均匀的磁场。比如，在L8以及L9的上部空间形成垂直纸面向里方向(即z轴正方向)的均匀磁场。在L8以及L9的下部空间形成z轴负方向的均匀磁场。由此，也就证明了具有如图35A所示的组成的耦合馈电的电流环左手天线能够获取电流环天线的辐射特征。可以理解的是，在本示例中，通过C3的设置，基于电容的对电能的储能特性，使得天线辐射体以及参考地靠近天线的表面能够产生闭合的均匀电流，从而在该区域内(如辐射枝节与参考地围城的区域内)获取均匀分布的磁场。
本申请实施例提供的天线方案同时还具有较好的辐射性能。以下结合S参数的仿真结果，对具有如图35A所示的组成的耦合馈电的电流环左手天线的辐射情况进行说明。
示例性的，结合图38。如图38中的(a)所示，在S11曲线上，该电流环左手天线能够在2GHz附近激励产生谐振。该谐振的-5dB带宽接近200MHz，因此能够实现对至少一个工作频段的覆盖。结合图38中的(b)，在Smith圆图中，该电流环左手天线中除了如图35A所示的少数几个电容(如激励左手辐射的耦接辐射体与参考地的电容，以及串联在辐射体上的电容)的设置之外，不需要额外的匹配电路，即可实现较好的针对50欧姆的端口匹配。结合图39，示出了具有如图35A所示的组成的耦合馈电的电流环左手天线的辐射效率以及系统效率的示意。如图39所示，该电流环左手天线的-2dB辐射效率带宽接近1GHz，因此能够提供较好的辐射能力。对应的，在当前环境下，该电流环左手天线的系统效率的-6dB带宽也接近1GHz，因此，在实际的环境中，该电流环左手天线也能够提供较好的带宽以及辐射性能。
结合前述针对电流环单极子天线中，图12B-图21中关于馈电枝节1的尺寸以及位置对于天线辐射的影响分析结果，对于电流环左手天线依然适用。比如，通过调整馈电枝节4(如L1以及L2)的长度，可以实现对电流环左手天线的端口匹配状态的调整。又如，L1以及L2的x轴向位置对于电流环左手天线的谐振频率以及辐射性能影响不大。
需要说明的是，上述图35A-图39中提供的电流环左手天线中，辐射枝节4的组成仅为一种示例。在本申请的另一些实现中，该辐射枝节4还可以具有其他形式。示例性的，可以在辐射枝节4上可以串联有更多电容。例如，图40示出了辐射枝节4上串联多个电容(如3个)的电流环左手天线示意。在该示例中，在L9上可以增加一个串联的C3。当然，在另一些示例中，也可以在L8上串联更多的C3。该具有如图40所示的组成的电流环左手天线依然可以通过上述示例中的馈电枝节4进行耦合馈电，获取电流环辐射特性。通过实验证明，在辐射枝节4上串联多个电容的情况下，能够进一步提高天线辐射效率。对应电容位置的设置，以及电容数量的设置，可以根据实际需要灵活选取，本申请实施例对此不作限制。
应当理解的是，上述示例中是以电流环天线通过左手天线经过调整后实现其辐射特性进行说明的。对于右手天线，也可以采用与上述左手天线类似的方式进行改进，获取电流环右手天线的辐射。该天线的各项参数以及设置要求，可以参考电流环左手天线，此处不再赘述。
此外，上述示例中，均以耦合馈电采用如图10中的(a)所示的组成为例进行说明 的。在本申请的另一些实施例中，耦合馈电的组成还可以采用如图10中的其他示例，或者如图11中的任一种示例，其能够达到的效果与上述示例类似，本申请实施例对耦合馈电采用的组成形式不做限定。
在不同的具体实施过程中，具有如图35A-图40中任一种组成的电流环左手天线的具体实现可以是不同的。比如，在一些实施例中，电流环左手天线的辐射枝节4和/或馈电枝节4的辐射体可以全部或部分复用电子设备的金属边框。在另一些实施例中，电流环左手天线的辐射枝节4和/或馈电枝节4的辐射体也可以通过柔性电路板(Flexible Printed Circuit，FPC)，MDA等形式实现。本申请实施例对于电流环左手天线的具体实现形式不作限制。
通过上述图13A-图22示出的电流环单极子天线，图23A-图28示出的电流环偶极子天线，图29A-图34示出的电流环缝隙天线，以及图25-图40示出的电流环左手天线的示例，本领域技术人员应当能够对本申请实施例提供的基于耦合馈电的电流环天线的组成特征以及工作情况有了全面准确的了解。应当理解的是，在上述示例之外，该耦合馈电激励电流环辐射特征的方案还可以应用到其他典型天线中，从而使得对应的典型天线也能够在一定条件下进行具有电流环辐射特征的辐射，从而使得天线的辐射能力得到提升。此外，基于该耦合馈电的机制，避免了由于直馈引入的对环境设置的要求，因此能够适用于更加宽泛的场景下，进而使得通过该电流环天线能够为电子设备提供更好的无线通信功能。
尽管结合具体特征及其实施例对本申请进行了描述，显而易见的，在不脱离本申请的精神和范围的情况下，可对其进行各种修改和组合。相应地，本说明书和附图仅仅是所附权利要求所界定的本申请的示例性说明，且视为已覆盖本申请范围内的任意和所有修改、变化、组合或等同物。显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包括这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种耦合馈电的终端单极子天线，其特征在于，
    所述天线包括馈电枝节以及辐射枝节，
    所述辐射枝节包括至少一个辐射体，所述辐射体的两侧末端分别通过第一电容和第二电容与参考地耦接；
    所述馈电枝节与所述辐射枝节不连接，所述馈电枝节设置在所述辐射枝节与所述参考地之间，所述馈电枝节上设置有馈电点，所述馈电枝节用于向所述辐射枝节进行耦合馈电；
    其中，所述辐射枝节的长度小于所述终端单极子天线的工作波长的四分之一。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的终端单极子天线，其特征在于，
    在所述天线的工作频段为450MHz-1GHz时，所述第一电容和所述第二电容的容值设置在[1.5pF，15pF]之内；
    在所述天线的工作频段为1GHz-3GHz时，所述第一电容和所述第二电容的容值设置在[0.5pF，15pF]之内；
    在所述天线的工作频段为3GHz-10GHz时，所述第一电容和所述第二电容的容值设置在[1.2pF，12pF]之内。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的终端单极子天线，其特征在于，所述辐射枝节上串联有一个或多个第三电容；
    在所述天线的工作频段为450MHz-1GHz时，所述第三电容的容值设置在[2pF，25pF]之内；
    在所述天线的工作频段为1GHz-3GHz时，所述第三电容的容值设置在[0.8pF，12pF]之内；
    在所述天线的工作频段为3GHz-10GHz时，所述第三电容的容值设置在[0.2pF，8pF]之内。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的终端单极子天线，其特征在于，所述馈电枝节包括第一馈电部和第二馈电部，所述第一馈电部的一端与所述馈电点的一端耦接，所述第二馈电部的一端与所述馈电点的另一端耦接，所述第一馈电部和所述第二馈电部关于所述馈电点所在纵向轴线呈轴对称；
    所述第一馈电部和所述第二馈电部的远离馈电点的另一端分别与参考地耦接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的终端单极子天线，其特征在于，所述第一馈电部和所述第二馈电部的远离馈电点的另一端分别与参考地耦接，包括：
    所述第一馈电部和所述第二馈电部的远离馈电点的另一端分别通过电容与参考地耦接。
  6. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的终端单极子天线，其特征在于，所述馈电枝节包括第三馈电部，所述第三馈电部的第一端与所述馈电点的一端耦接，所述第三馈电部的第二端与所述参考地耦接，所述馈电点的另一端与射频微带线耦接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的终端单极子天线，其特征在于，所述第三馈电部上串联有至少一个电容，其中至少包括一个第四电容，所述第四电容设置在所述第三馈电部与所述辐射枝节的耦合部分的中心。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的终端单极子天线，其特征在于，所述第三馈电部的第二端通过调谐器件与所述参考地耦接，所述调谐器件包括如下器件中的至少一个：电容，电感，电阻。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的终端单极子天线，其特征在于，所述第三馈电部的第一端与所述第三馈电部第二端的距离小于所述第三馈电部在所述辐射枝节上的投影长度。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的终端单极子天线，其特征在于，所述第三馈电部上串联有至少一个电容，其中至少包括一个第五电容以及分别设置在所述第五电容两侧的第六电容和第七电容，其中，所述第五电容设置在所述第三馈电部与所述辐射枝节的耦合部分的中心。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的终端单极子天线，其特征在于，不同尺寸的所述馈电枝节对应的所述终端单极子天线的端口阻抗不同。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的终端单极子天线，其特征在于，
    所述馈电枝节用于激励所述辐射枝节进行具有电流环天线辐射特征的辐射，所述电流环天线辐射特征为所述终端单极子天线在工作时，所述辐射枝节附近具有均匀磁场。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的终端单极子天线，其特征在于，所述终端单极子天线在工作时，所述辐射枝节上的电流流向为第一方向，所述参考地上的电流流向为第二方向，所述第一方向与所述第二方向相反；
    所述馈电枝节上的电流流向为所述第二方向。
  14. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备设置有至少一个处理器，射频模块，以及如权利要求1-13中任一项所述的耦合馈电的终端单极子天线；
    所述电子设备在进行信号发射或接收时，通过所述射频模块和所述耦合馈电的终端单极子天线进行信号的发射或接收。
PCT/CN2022/091007 2021-08-20 2022-05-05 一种耦合馈电的终端单极子天线 WO2023020019A1 (zh)

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