WO2023016381A1 - 一种多用途高速轨道车辆及其轨道系统 - Google Patents

一种多用途高速轨道车辆及其轨道系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023016381A1
WO2023016381A1 PCT/CN2022/110736 CN2022110736W WO2023016381A1 WO 2023016381 A1 WO2023016381 A1 WO 2023016381A1 CN 2022110736 W CN2022110736 W CN 2022110736W WO 2023016381 A1 WO2023016381 A1 WO 2023016381A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wheel
rail vehicle
load
speed rail
track
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/110736
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
肖宗旺
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肖宗旺
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 肖宗旺 filed Critical 肖宗旺
Publication of WO2023016381A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023016381A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61B—RAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61B13/00—Other railway systems
    • B61B13/02—Rack railways
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60F—VEHICLES FOR USE BOTH ON RAIL AND ON ROAD; AMPHIBIOUS OR LIKE VEHICLES; CONVERTIBLE VEHICLES
    • B60F1/00—Vehicles for use both on rail and on road; Conversions therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C11/00—Locomotives or motor railcars characterised by the type of means applying the tractive effort; Arrangement or disposition of running gear other than normal driving wheel
    • B61C11/04—Locomotives or motor railcars characterised by the type of means applying the tractive effort; Arrangement or disposition of running gear other than normal driving wheel tractive effort applied to racks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C11/00—Locomotives or motor railcars characterised by the type of means applying the tractive effort; Arrangement or disposition of running gear other than normal driving wheel
    • B61C11/06—Locomotives or motor railcars characterised by the type of means applying the tractive effort; Arrangement or disposition of running gear other than normal driving wheel tractive effort applied or supplied by aerodynamic force or fluid reaction, e.g. air-screws and jet or rocket propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F9/00—Rail vehicles characterised by means for preventing derailing, e.g. by use of guide wheels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B25/00—Tracks for special kinds of railways
    • E01B25/02—Tracks for rack railways
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B25/00—Tracks for special kinds of railways
    • E01B25/02—Tracks for rack railways
    • E01B25/04—Rack rails; Supports or connections for rack rails
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of traffic, in particular to a high-speed rail vehicle for road and rail and a rail system thereof.
  • the further limit to the further increase of rail vehicle speed is mainly the friction between the wheel and the track. If the friction force is too small, the rail vehicle will have no forward momentum. If the power is large enough, the power must be large enough to obtain ultra-high speed, but this is too energy-consuming and uneconomical.
  • My Chinese patent CN 113089386 A discloses a fixed turnout track and a vehicle-mounted track change system, which represents a future development trend of a new type of rail transit personal rapid transit system (Personal RaidTransit, referred to as PRT), but it still needs to improve the rail vehicle
  • PRT Personal Rapid transit system
  • the rail vehicles In order to be able to travel at super high speed in inter-city or inter-provincial network traffic, in addition, in places where it is not easy to lay tracks, such as elevator rooms, corridors, etc., the rail vehicles cannot reach them, and they cannot reach anywhere in the true sense. .
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide a high-speed rail vehicle, which is fast, energy-saving, and conducive to forming a rail transportation network between cities or provinces.
  • the second purpose of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional high-speed rail vehicle, which can run on rails or on roads, so that rail vehicles can reach anywhere .
  • the third object of the present invention is to provide a track system, which can realize the free switching of rail vehicles between track running and road running at the end of the track.
  • the technical scheme that the first object of the present invention adopts is:
  • a high-speed rail vehicle includes a car body and a bogie, the bogie is installed at the bottom of the car body, and the bogie includes a wheel set assembly, a frame and an anti-derailment device.
  • the wheel set assembly includes an axle and two wheel sets, the wheel set includes load-bearing wheels and power wheels, the load-bearing wheels and the power wheels are concentric, and the two wheel sets are respectively installed on the At both ends of the axle, the forward direction of the wheel set is always perpendicular to the axle.
  • the frame is mounted on the axle.
  • the anti-derailment device is arranged at the bottom of the frame and close to the wheel set.
  • the anti-derailment device When the high-speed rail vehicle is running on the track, the anti-derailment device is adapted to cooperate with the inner surface of the track.
  • the speed can be increased by reducing the friction between the rail and the rail vehicle as much as possible. Therefore, the contact area between the load-bearing wheels and the rails can be reduced or the contact surface between the load-bearing wheels and the rails can be increased. Smoothness can be used to reduce the friction between the load-bearing wheel and the track.
  • the smoothness of the contact surface between the load-bearing wheel and the track can be improved by selecting materials, such as smooth steel track surface and smooth steel load-bearing wheel surface, or in load-bearing
  • the surface of the wheel releases lubricating fluid, etc., and at the same time, the power wheel cooperates with the rack rail on the track described in the third purpose of the present invention to provide a powerful power for the rail vehicle to advance, because the power wheel and the gear on the track described in the third purpose of the present invention
  • the rails are not in close contact up and down and do not carry the weight of the vehicle, so the friction force is small during the forward process, so that the rail vehicle can run at high speed. Due to the small friction force, it can save energy and is conducive to the formation of a rail transportation network between cities.
  • the wheel set includes a load-bearing wheel and a power wheel
  • the power wheel is a gear and is detachably installed outside the load-bearing wheel.
  • the wheel set includes a load-bearing wheel and a power wheel
  • the power wheel is a gear and is integrated with the outer side of the load-bearing wheel, that is, the load-bearing wheel and the power wheel can be integrally formed.
  • the wheel set includes a load-bearing wheel and a power wheel
  • the power wheel is a gear and is integrated with the inner side of the load-bearing wheel, that is, the load-bearing wheel and the power wheel can be integrally formed.
  • the wheel set includes two load-bearing wheels and a power wheel
  • the power wheel is a gear and is sandwiched between the two load-bearing wheels.
  • the gears of the power wheel are evenly stressed, which can increase the service life of the power wheel.
  • the power wheel includes two side wheels, several rollers and several roller shafts, several roller shaft holes are evenly distributed on the inner ring of the edge of the side wheels, and the rollers are fitted in the middle of the roller shafts one by one The two ends of the roller shaft are fitted on the roller shaft holes of the two side wheels one by one, and the roller is clamped between the two side wheels.
  • the rollers cooperate with the rack rails on the track according to the third object of the present invention, and the wear is small.
  • the wheel set includes a load-bearing wheel and a power wheel, and the power wheel is detachably installed outside the load-bearing wheel.
  • the wheel set includes a load-bearing wheel and a power wheel, and a side wheel of the power wheel is integrally connected with the outer side of the load-bearing wheel.
  • the power wheel includes two side wheels, several rollers, several roller shafts, several roller shaft supports and several roller shaft support springs, and several long holes of the roller shafts are uniformly distributed on the inner ring of the edge of the side wheels , one end of the roller shaft support is provided with a roller shaft hole, the rollers fit in the middle of the roller shaft one by one, and the roller shaft supports move along the length direction of the long hole of the roller shaft to fit in the two One end of the long hole of the roller shaft of the side wheel and provided with the roller shaft hole is facing the outer ring.
  • the long holes are connected to one side of the inner ring, and the two ends of the roller shaft are matched with the roller shaft holes supported by the roller shaft, and the roller is clamped between the two side wheels, and the roller is on the Under the action of the supporting spring of the roller shaft, the elastic operation can be performed along the length direction of the long hole of the roller shaft.
  • the rollers can elastically expand and contract with the rack rails on the track described in the third object of the present invention, so as to prevent sudden jamming of rail vehicles or wheel damage accidents.
  • the wheel set includes a load-bearing wheel and a power wheel, and the power wheel is detachably installed outside the load-bearing wheel.
  • the maintenance and replacement of the power wheel is convenient, and at the same time, the Flexible assembly is required.
  • the wheel set includes a load-bearing wheel and a power wheel, and a side wheel of the power wheel is integrated with the outside of the load-bearing wheel, that is, the load-bearing wheel and one of the side wheels can be integrally formed, or It can be seen that the load-bearing wheel can be used as one of the side wheels or one of the side wheels can be used as a load-bearing wheel.
  • the wheel set includes a load-bearing wheel and a power wheel, and a side wheel of the power wheel is integrated with the inner side of the load-bearing wheel, that is, the load-bearing wheel and one of the side wheels can be integrally formed, or It can be seen that the load-bearing wheel can be used as one of the side wheels or one of the side wheels can be used as a load-bearing wheel.
  • the wheel set includes two load-bearing wheels and a power wheel, and the power wheel is sandwiched between the two load-bearing wheels.
  • the rollers of the power wheel are evenly stressed, which can increase the service life of the rollers.
  • the side wheels on both sides of the power wheel are respectively connected with the two load-bearing wheels, that is, the load-bearing wheels and the side wheels can be integrally formed, and it can also be regarded as the load-bearing wheels can be used as side wheels or the side wheels can be as load-bearing wheels.
  • the anti-derailment device includes an upside-down wheel, a side guide wheel, and a supporting flat arm.
  • One side of the supporting flat arm is provided with an upside-down wheel shaft and faces toward the inner edge of the track, and the upside-down wheel is installed on the upside down wheel shaft.
  • the lower end of the support flat arm is provided with a side guide wheel shaft and the direction is downward, the side guide wheel is installed on the side guide wheel shaft, and the side guide wheel can roll and fit with the inner side wall of the track.
  • the inverted wheels of the anti-derailment device can prevent the rail vehicle from derailing, and the side guide wheels of the anti-derailment device can prevent the rail vehicle from running off, that is, guide the rail vehicle to advance along the track direction.
  • two side guide wheels of the anti-derailment device there are two side guide wheels of the anti-derailment device, and the two side guide wheels are mounted on the side guide wheel shafts front and back.
  • two side guide wheels can stabilize the progress of the rail vehicle.
  • the high-speed rail vehicle further includes an auxiliary acceleration power device installed at the rear of the car body, and the auxiliary acceleration power device generates forward thrust by interacting with the surrounding air.
  • the auxiliary acceleration power device can further increase the speed of the high-speed rail vehicle.
  • the auxiliary acceleration power device is a jet engine.
  • the auxiliary acceleration power device is a propeller type power device.
  • the technical scheme that the second object of the present invention adopts is:
  • a multi-purpose high-speed rail vehicle comprising a high-speed rail vehicle and a highway steering system
  • the high-speed rail vehicle is a high-speed rail vehicle described in the first object of the present invention
  • the highway steering system includes a steering mechanism and a transmission mechanism
  • the The steering mechanism is installed on the bogie frame
  • the transmission mechanism is installed on the car body.
  • the cooperation of the transmission mechanism is used to complete the steering; when the multi-purpose high-speed rail vehicle is running on the track, the anti-derailment device is suitable for cooperating with the inner surface of the track; when the multi-purpose high-speed rail vehicle is running on the road, the The anti-derailment device can be moved and shifted close to the bottom of the car body. At this time, the lowest point of the anti-derailment device is higher than the road surface.
  • the steering mechanism will only be activated when the rail vehicle leaves the track. When turning, the entire bogie can rotate left and right, and the front and rear bogies can rotate independently. The steering is more flexible than traditional trolleys. Therefore, The multi-purpose high-speed rail vehicle can run on rails or roads, so that the rail vehicle can reach anywhere.
  • one end of the supporting flat arm is rotatably mounted on the frame forward and backward, and the anti-derailing device is shifted close to the bottom of the car body through the rotatable movement of the one end of the supporting flat arm.
  • one end of the support flat arm is rotatably mounted on the frame forward and backward, which is more firm in structure.
  • one end of the support flat arm is fixedly installed on the frame, and the anti-derailment device moves inwardly and upwardly to move close to the bottom of the vehicle body by rotating the one end of the support flat arm.
  • the anti-derailment device moves inwardly and upwardly to move close to the bottom of the car body through one end of the support flat arm, which is more flexible in structure. derailment device.
  • the technical scheme that the third object of the present invention adopts is:
  • a track system comprising a multi-purpose high-speed rail vehicle and a track
  • the multi-purpose high-speed rail vehicle is the multi-purpose high-speed rail vehicle described for the second purpose of the present invention
  • the track is provided with a rack rail on a specific track section, The rack rail teeth protrude from the track surface, and the multi-purpose high-speed rail vehicle is suitable for running on the entire section of the track.
  • the multi-purpose high-speed rail vehicle passes through the section provided with the rack rail, the The power wheel is suitable for cooperating with the surface of the rack rail, and the track surface at the end of the track may be provided with an opening.
  • the bottom of the car body is out of engagement with the track.
  • the rack rail can be integrated into the track, or it can be set separately next to the track, and the specific position matches the power wheel, that is, when the power wheel is inside the load wheel , the rack rail is arranged on the inner side of the track, when the power wheel is outside the bearing wheel, the rack rail is arranged on the outside of the track, and when the power wheel is in the middle of the two bearing wheels, The rack rail is arranged in the middle of the track.
  • the track is provided with a rack rail on a specific track section.
  • the specific track section here mainly refers to a track section that requires high-speed travel.
  • a rack rail can also be provided on a steep slope section to ensure high-speed travel. , Second, it can prevent slippery slopes.
  • the friction force between the load-bearing wheel and the track is very small, which reduces the forward resistance of the rail vehicle.
  • the cooperation between the power wheel and the rack rail on the track has a small friction force, and at the same time it can provide track
  • the vehicle has a strong driving force, so that the rail vehicle can run at high speed. Because of the small friction, it can save energy, and it is beneficial to form a rail transportation network between cities.
  • the track surface at the end of the track can be provided with an opening, and at the same time, the anti-derailment device moves and shifts close to the bottom of the car body and breaks away from the track, so that the track system can realize that the track vehicle is on the track at the end of the track. Free switching between driving and road driving, the rail vehicle can run on the track or on the road, so that the rail vehicle can reach anywhere.
  • the track is provided with a rack rail on a specific track section.
  • the steep slope section can also be provided with a rack rail.
  • the rack rail has an anti-skid effect. Therefore, the climbing ability of the rail vehicle powerful.
  • the high speed of the road vehicle can be further increased, which is conducive to the formation of a cross-provincial rail transportation network.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of a high-speed rail vehicle according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a left view structural diagram of a high-speed rail vehicle according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a high-speed rail vehicle according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a front view structural schematic diagram of another high-speed rail vehicle according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a left view structural schematic diagram of another high-speed rail vehicle according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another three-dimensional structure of a high-speed rail vehicle according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a front view structural schematic diagram of another high-speed rail vehicle according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a power wheel according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a left view structural schematic diagram of another high-speed rail vehicle according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of another three-dimensional structure of a high-speed rail vehicle according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of another three-dimensional structure of a power wheel according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 12A is a front structural schematic view of a wheel set combining a load-bearing wheel and a power wheel according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 12B is a schematic front view structural view of another wheel set with a combination of a load-bearing wheel and a power wheel according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 12C is a front structural schematic diagram of a wheel set combining two load-bearing wheels and one power wheel according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the anti-derailment device according to the present invention at the position of the rail vehicle.
  • FIG. 14 is an enlarged view of area A in FIG. 12 .
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic bottom view of the anti-derailment device according to the present invention at the position of the rail vehicle.
  • Fig. 16 is a right view structural diagram of the anti-derailment device according to the present invention when it is rotated upwards and stowed away.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic bottom view of the anti-derailment device according to the present invention when it is rotated upwards and stowed away.
  • Fig. 18 is a schematic perspective view of the three-dimensional structure of the anti-derailment device according to the present invention when it is rotated upwards and stowed away.
  • Fig. 19 is a rear view structural diagram of the anti-derailment device according to the present invention when it is folded up and put away.
  • Fig. 20 is a schematic bottom view of the anti-derailment device according to the present invention when it is folded up and stowed away.
  • Fig. 21 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the multi-purpose high-speed rail vehicle according to the present invention when the anti-derailment device is retracted upwards at the end of the track.
  • Fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of the top view of the multi-purpose high-speed rail vehicle according to the present invention when the anti-derailment device is retracted upwards at the end of the track.
  • Fig. 23 is a schematic top view of the steering mechanism of the multi-purpose high-speed rail vehicle according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 24 is a perspective view of the steering mechanism of the multi-purpose high-speed rail vehicle according to the present invention.
  • Wheel set 20 load bearing wheel 201, power wheel 202, axle shaft 203, frame 211, steering mechanism 221, transmission mechanism 222,
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it may be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it may be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide a high-speed rail vehicle, which is fast, energy-saving, and conducive to forming a rail transportation network between cities or provinces.
  • the second purpose of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional high-speed rail vehicle, which can run on rails or on roads, so that rail vehicles can reach anywhere .
  • the third object of the present invention is to provide a track system, which can realize the free switching of rail vehicles between track running and road running at the end of the track.
  • a high-speed rail vehicle as shown in Figure 22 and Figure 23, includes a car body 41 and a bogie 21, and the bogie 21 is installed at the bottom of the car body 41, as shown in Figures 1-3, the bogie 21 includes a wheel set assembly, a frame 211 and an anti-derailment device 31.
  • the bogie 21 includes a wheel set assembly, a frame 211 and an anti-derailment device 31.
  • the wheel set assembly includes an axle 203 and two wheel sets 20, and the wheel set 20 includes load-bearing wheels 201 and power wheels 202, and the load-bearing wheels 201 and the The power wheels 202 are coaxial, and the two wheel sets 20 are respectively installed at both ends of the axle 203 , and the forward direction of the wheel sets 20 is always perpendicular to the axle 203 .
  • the frame 211 is installed on the axle 203 .
  • the anti-derailment device 31 is arranged at the bottom of the frame 211 and close to the wheel set 20. fit inside surface. In this scheme, similar to the concept of maglev trains, the speed can be increased by reducing the friction between track 1 and rail vehicles as much as possible.
  • the contact area between load-bearing wheels 201 and track 1 can be reduced and or the contact area between load-bearing wheels 201 and rails can be improved.
  • the smoothness of the contact surface of 1 can reduce the friction force between the load-bearing wheel 201 and the track 1, wherein the smoothness of the contact surface between the load-bearing wheel 201 and the track 1 can be improved by selecting materials, such as smooth steel track surface and smooth The surface of the steel load-carrying wheel, or release lubricating fluid on the surface of the load-carrying wheel 201.
  • the power wheel 202 cooperates with the rack rail 12 on the track 1 of the third purpose of the present invention to provide a strong power for the rail vehicle to advance.
  • the wheel 202 Due to the power
  • the wheel 202 is not in close contact with the rack rail 12 on the track 1 described in the third object of the present invention and does not bear the weight of the vehicle. Therefore, the friction force is small during the forward process, thereby realizing the high-speed running of the rail vehicle. Due to the small friction force, energy can be saved , which is conducive to the formation of a rail transit network between cities.
  • the power wheel 202 is a gear. According to the number and positional relationship between the load-bearing wheel 201 and the power wheel 202, there are many combinations, preferably the following four Implementation method:
  • the wheel set 20 includes a load-bearing wheel 201 and a power wheel 202
  • the power wheel 202 is a gear and is detachably mounted on the outside of the load-bearing wheel 201, so that the power wheel 202 is convenient for maintenance and Replacement, but also flexible assembly according to needs.
  • the wheel set 20 includes a load-bearing wheel 201 and a power wheel 202
  • the power wheel 202 is a gear and is integrated with the outside of the load-bearing wheel 201, that is, the load-bearing wheel 201 and the power wheel 202 can be One piece.
  • the wheel set 20 includes a load-bearing wheel 201 and a power wheel 202
  • the power wheel 202 is a gear and is integrated with the inside of the load-bearing wheel 201, that is, the load-bearing wheel 201 and the power wheel 202 can be One piece.
  • the wheel set 20 includes two load-bearing wheels 201 and a power wheel 202 , the power wheel 202 is a gear and is sandwiched between the two load-bearing wheels 201 .
  • the gears of the power wheel 202 are evenly stressed, which can increase the service life of the power wheel 202 .
  • the power wheel 202 includes two side wheels 2021, several roller wheels 2022 and several roller shafts 2023, and several roller shafts 2023 are evenly distributed on the inner circle of the edge of the side wheels 2021.
  • the roller shaft holes 2027, the rollers 2022 fit in the middle of the roller shaft 2023 one by one, the two ends of the roller shaft 2023 fit in the roller shaft holes 2027 of the two side wheels 2021 one by one, the rollers 2022 are clamped on the Between the two side wheels 2021.
  • the roller 2022 cooperates with the rack rail on the track 1 according to the third object of the present invention, so the wear is small.
  • the load-bearing wheels 201 and the power wheels 202 there are many combinations of implementations, preferably the following two implementations:
  • the wheel set 20 includes a load-bearing wheel 201 and a power wheel 202 , and the power wheel 202 is detachably installed outside the load-bearing wheel 201 .
  • the wheel set 20 includes a load-bearing wheel 201 and a power wheel 202 , and a side wheel 2021 of the power wheel 202 is integrated with the outer side of the load-bearing wheel 201 .
  • the power wheel 202 includes two side wheels 2021, several rollers 2022, several roller shafts 2023, several roller shaft supports 2024 and several roller shaft support springs 2025, the inner ring of the edge of the side wheel 2021 evenly distributes several roller shaft long holes 2026, and one end of the roller shaft support 2024 is provided with a roller shaft hole 2027, and the rollers 2022 are matched in the middle of the roller shaft 2023 one by one, so
  • the roller shaft support 2024 is movably fitted in the long hole 2026 of the two side wheels 2021 along the length direction of the long hole 2026 of the roller shaft, and one end provided with the hole 2027 of the roller shaft faces the outer ring.
  • the other end of the shaft support 2024 is connected to one end of the roller shaft support spring 2025, and the other end of the roller shaft support spring 2025 is connected to the inner ring side of the wheel shaft long hole 2026, and the two ends of the roller shaft 2023 are one by one Fitted on the roller shaft hole 2027 of the roller shaft support 2024, the roller 2022 is sandwiched between the two side wheels 2021, and the roller 2022 can extend the roller shaft under the action of the roller shaft support spring 2025
  • the long hole 2026 operates elastically in the length direction.
  • the roller 2022 can elastically expand and contract with the rack rail on the track 1 according to the third object of the present invention, so as to prevent the rail vehicle from suddenly getting stuck or the wheel from being damaged.
  • the load-bearing wheels 201 and the power wheels 202 there are many combinations of implementations, preferably the following five implementations:
  • the wheel set 20 includes a load-bearing wheel 201 and a power wheel 202, and the power wheel 202 is detachably mounted on the outside of the load-bearing wheel 201.
  • the power wheel 202 It is convenient to maintain and replace the power wheel 202, and it can be assembled flexibly as required.
  • the wheel set 20 includes a load-bearing wheel 201 and a power wheel 202, and a side wheel 2021 of the power wheel 202 is integrated with the outside of the load-bearing wheel 201, namely
  • the load-bearing wheel 201 and one of the side wheels 2021 can be integrally formed, and it can also be considered that the load-bearing wheel 201 can be used as one of the side wheels 2021 or one of the side wheels 2021 can be used as the load-bearing wheel 201 .
  • the wheel set 20 includes a load-bearing wheel 201 and a power wheel 202, and a side wheel 2021 of the power wheel 202 is integrated with the inner side of the load-bearing wheel 201, namely
  • the load-bearing wheel 201 and one of the side wheels 2021 can be integrally formed, and it can also be considered that the load-bearing wheel 201 can be used as one of the side wheels 2021 or one of the side wheels 2021 can be used as the load-bearing wheel 201 .
  • the wheel set 20 includes two load-bearing wheels 201 and a power wheel 202 , and the power wheel 202 is sandwiched between the two load-bearing wheels 201 .
  • the rollers 2022 of the power wheels 202 are evenly stressed, which can increase the service life of the rollers 2022 .
  • the side wheels 2021 on both sides of the power wheel 202 are connected with the two load-bearing wheels 201 respectively, that is, the load-bearing wheels 201 and the side wheels 2021 can be integrally formed, or
  • the load-bearing wheel 201 can be used as the side wheel 2021 or its side wheel 2021 can be used as the load-bearing wheel 201.
  • the anti-derailment device 31 includes an upside-down wheel 311, a side guide wheel 316 and a supporting flat arm 31222, and one side of the supporting flat arm 31222 is provided with an upside-down wheel shaft 31223 and faces Close to the inner edge of the track 1, the upside-down wheel 311 is installed on the upside-down wheel shaft 31223, the lower end of the support flat arm 31222 is provided with a side guide wheel shaft 31225 and the direction is downward, and the side guide wheel 316 is installed on the side guide On the wheel shaft 31225, the side guide wheel 316 can roll and fit with the inner side wall of the track 1.
  • the upside-down wheels 311 of the anti-derailment device 31 can prevent the rail vehicle from derailing, and the side guide wheels 316 of the anti-derailment device 31 can prevent the rail vehicle from running off, that is, guide the rail vehicle to advance along the track 1 direction.
  • the anti-derailment device 31 has two side guide wheels 316 , and the two side guide wheels 316 are mounted on the side guide wheel shaft 31225 front and rear.
  • two side guide wheels 316 can stabilize the progress of the rail vehicle.
  • the high-speed rail vehicle also includes an auxiliary acceleration power device, the auxiliary acceleration power device is installed at the tail of the car body, and the auxiliary acceleration power device communicates with Zhou Guo air interaction produces forward thrust.
  • the auxiliary acceleration power device can further increase the speed of the high-speed rail vehicle.
  • the auxiliary acceleration power device is a jet engine.
  • the auxiliary acceleration power device is a propeller type power device.
  • a multi-purpose high-speed rail vehicle comprising the high-speed rail vehicle described in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 and a road steering system 22.
  • the road steering system 22 includes a steering mechanism 221 and a transmission mechanism 222, the steering mechanism 221 is installed on the bogie 21, and the transmission mechanism 222 is installed on the vehicle body 41
  • the road steering system 22 is activated and the steering is completed through the cooperation of the steering mechanism 221 and the transmission mechanism 222; as shown in Figure 10, the multi-purpose Purpose
  • the anti-derailment device 31 is suitable for cooperating with the inner surface of the track 1.
  • the anti-derailment The derailment device 31 can move and shift close to the bottom of the car body 41 , at this time, the lowest point of the derailment prevention device 31 is higher than the road surface.
  • the steering mechanism 22 will only be activated when the rail vehicle leaves the track 1.
  • the entire bogie 21 can rotate left and right, and the two front and rear bogies 21 can rotate independently.
  • the steering is more convenient than traditional trolleys. Flexible, therefore, the multi-purpose high-speed rail vehicle can travel on the track 1, and can also travel on the road, so that the rail vehicle can reach anywhere.
  • the road mentioned here is generalized, and any continuous plane area can be called a road, even the same plane connection between the elevator and the corridor can also be called a road.
  • one end of the supporting flat arm 31222 is rotatably mounted on the frame 211 forward and backward, and the anti-derailing device 31 is rotatably moved by one end of the supporting flat arm 31222 Transfer near the bottom of the car body 41 .
  • one end of the support flat arm 31222 is mounted on the frame 211 so as to be rotatable back and forth, which is more firm in structure.
  • one end of the supporting flat arm 31222 is fixedly installed on the frame 211, and the anti-derailment device 31 is moved inwardly and upwardly by rotating one end of the supporting flat arm 31222 Transfer near the bottom of the car body 41 .
  • the anti-derailment device 31 moves inwardly and upwardly through one end of the supporting flat arm 31222 and moves close to the bottom of the car body 41, which is more flexible in structure, and at the end of the track 1, no special structure of the track 1 is required Just can pack up anti-derailing device 31.
  • a track system comprising the multi-purpose high-speed rail vehicle and track 1 described in Embodiment 3; as shown in Figures 1-6 or 8-10, the track 1 is provided with a rack rail 12 on a specific track 1 section, so The 12 rack teeth of the rack rail protrude from the surface of the track 1, and the multi-purpose high-speed rail vehicle is suitable for running on the whole section of the track 1.
  • the power wheel 202 is suitable for cooperating with the surface of the rack rail 12, and the power wheel 202 of the high-speed rail vehicle is not in close contact with the rack rail 12 up and down and does not bear the weight of the vehicle, as shown in Figure 21 and Figure 22
  • the surface of the track 1 at the end of the track 1 can be provided with an opening 11.
  • the anti-derailment device 31 moves and moves close to the bottom of the car body 41 and The disengagement cooperates with the track 1, thus, the track system can realize the free switching between track running and road running of the track vehicle at the end of the track.
  • the rack rail 12 can be integrally formed on the track 1, or it can be separately arranged next to the track 1, and the specific position matches the power wheel 202, that is, when the power wheel 202 is on When the bearing wheel 201 is inside, the rack rail 12 is arranged inside the track 1, when the power wheel 202 is outside the bearing wheel 201, the rack rail 12 is arranged outside the track 1, when the When the power wheel 202 is in the middle of the two bearing wheels 201 , the rack rail 12 is arranged in the middle of the track 1 .
  • the track is provided with a rack rail 12 on a specific track section.
  • the specific track section here mainly refers to a track section that requires high-speed driving.
  • a rack rail 12 can also be provided on a steep slope section to ensure high speed. Driving speed, and secondly, it can prevent slippery slopes.

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Abstract

一种多用途高速轨道车辆及其轨道系统，高速轨道车辆的转向架(21)包括轮对组件、构架(211)和防脱轨装置(31)，轮对组件包括承重轮(201)和动力轮(202)，类磁悬浮列车理念，承重轮(201)只起支撑作用，摩擦力小，动力轮(202)不承重，只提供前进作用力且摩擦力小。多用途高速轨道车辆包括公路转向系统(22)，在公路上行驶时，启用公路转向系统(22)，收起防脱轨装置(31)。轨道系统在特定轨道(1)路段设置有齿条轨(12)，齿条轨(12)适于与动力轮(202)配合，高速轨道车辆与轨道(1)摩擦力小但前进动力足，且爬坡能力强，可实现高速行驶。

Description

一种多用途高速轨道车辆及其轨道系统 技术领域
本发明涉及交通技术领域，特别涉及一种公铁两用高速轨道车辆及其轨道系统。
背景技术
在传统轨道交通系统中,限制轨道车辆速度进一步的提升主要是车轮与轨道的摩擦力,摩擦力太小,则轨道车辆没有前进的动力,如在光滑的轨道上轨道车辆车轮就会打滑,若摩擦力足够大,要想获得超高速则必需动力足够大,然而这样太耗能，不经济。本人中国专利CN 113089386 A公开了一种固定道岔轨道及车载式变轨系统,代表着一种未来新型轨道交通个人快速运输系统(Personal RaidTransit，简称PRT)的发展趋势，但其还需提高轨道车辆的速度，以便在跨城际或省际连网交通中可以超高速行驶，另外，在不易铺设轨道地方，如电梯间，楼道等，其轨道车辆还不能到达，不能真正意义上实现达到任何地方。
发明内容
为了改善上述现有技术中所存在的一些不足,本发明的第一目的是提供一种高速轨道车辆，其速度快，节能,利于在跨城际或省际之间组成轨道交通运输网。
为了改善上述现有技术中所存在的一些不足,本发明的第二目的是提供一种多功能高速轨道车辆，其可以在轨道上行驶，也可以在公路上行驶，便于轨道车辆能达到任何地方。
为了改善上述现有技术中所存在的一些不足,本发明的第三目的是提供一种轨道系统，该轨道系统可在轨道末端实现轨道车辆在轨道行驶与公路行驶之间的自由切换。
本发明第一目的所采用的技术方案是：
一种高速轨道车辆，包括车体和转向架，所述转向架安装在所述车体底部，所述转向架包括轮对组件、构架和防脱轨装置。其中，所述轮对组件包括车轴和两个车轮组，所述车轮组包括承重轮和动力轮，所述承重轮和所述动力轮同轴心，所述两个车轮组分别安装在所述车轴两端，所述车轮组前进方向始终与所述车轴垂直。所述构架安装在所述车轴上。所述防脱轨装置设置于所述构架底部并靠近所述车轮组，所述高速轨道车辆在轨道上行驶时，所述防脱轨装置适于与轨道内表面配合。在本方案中，类似磁悬浮列车理念，尽量减小轨道与轨道车辆之间的摩擦力可以提高速度，因此，可以通过减小承重轮与轨道的接触面积和或提高承重轮与轨道的接触面的光滑度来达到减小承重轮与轨道摩擦力，其中，承重轮与轨道的接触面的光滑度可以通过材料的选用来提高，如光滑的钢轨道表面和光滑的钢承重轮表面，或在承重轮表面释放润滑液等，同时，动力轮与本发明的第三目的所述轨道上齿条轨的配合来提供轨道车辆前进强大动力，由于动力轮与本发明的第三目的所述轨道上齿条轨非上下紧密接触而不承载车重，因此前进过程中摩擦力小，从而实现轨道车辆高速行驶，由于摩擦力小，可以节能,利于在跨城际之间组成轨道交通运输网。
可选地，所述车轮组包括一个承重轮和一个动力轮，所述动力轮为齿轮且可拆卸地安装在所述承重轮外侧。在本方案中，方便动力轮保养与更换，同时还可根据需要灵活组装。
可选地，所述车轮组包括一个承重轮和一个动力轮，所述动力轮为齿轮且与所述承重轮外侧连为一体，即承重轮和动力轮可以一体成型。
可选地，所述车轮组包括一个承重轮和一个动力轮，所述动力轮为齿轮且与所述承重轮内侧连为一体，即承重轮和动力轮可以一体成型。
可选地，所述车轮组包括两个承重轮和一个动力轮，所述动力轮为齿轮且夹在所述两个承重轮中间。在本方案中，动力轮的齿轮受力均匀，可以提高动力轮使用寿命。
可选地，所述动力轮包括两个侧轮、若干个滚轮和若干个滚轮轴，所述侧轮边缘内圈均匀分布若干个滚轮轴孔，所述滚轮一一配合在所述滚轮轴中部，所述滚轮轴两端一一配合在两个侧轮的滚轮轴孔上，所述滚轮夹在所述两个侧轮之间。在本方案中，所述滚轮与本发明的第三目的所述轨道上齿条轨配合，磨损小。
进一步地，所述车轮组包括一个承重轮和一个动力轮，所述动力轮可拆卸地安装在所述承重轮外侧。
进一步地，所述车轮组包括一个承重轮和一个动力轮，所述动力轮的一个侧轮与所述承重轮外侧连为 一体。
优选地，所述动力轮包括两个侧轮、若干个滚轮、若干个滚轮轴、若干个滚轮轴支撑和若干个滚轮轴支撑弹簧，所述侧轮边缘内圈均匀分布若干个滚轮轴长孔，所述滚轮轴支撑一端设置有滚轮轴孔，所述滚轮一一配合在所述滚轮轴中部，所述滚轮轴支撑一一延滚轮轴长孔长度方向上可移动地配合在所述两个侧轮滚轮轴长孔里且设置有滚轮轴孔的一端朝向外圈，所述滚轮轴支撑另一端端面连接所述滚轮轴支撑弹簧的一端，所述滚轮轴支撑弹簧的另一端与轮滚轮轴长孔朝向内圈一侧相连，所述滚轮轴两端一一配合在所述滚轮轴支撑的滚轮轴孔上，所述滚轮夹在所述两个侧轮之间，所述滚轮在所述滚轮轴支撑弹簧的作用下可延滚轮轴长孔长度方向上作弹性运作。在本方案中，若车辆紧急刹车车轮抱死，所述滚轮与本发明的第三目的所述轨道上齿条轨可进行弹性伸缩配合，防止轨道车辆突然卡死或车轮损坏事故。
在优选地方案中，所述车轮组包括一个承重轮和一个动力轮，所述动力轮可拆卸地安装在所述承重轮外侧，在本方案中，方便动力轮保养与更换，同时还可根据需要灵活组装。
在优选地方案中，所述车轮组包括一个承重轮和一个动力轮，所述动力轮的一个侧轮与所述承重轮外侧连为一体，即承重轮和其中一个侧轮可以一体成型，也可以看成承重轮可做为其中一个侧轮或其中一个侧轮可做为承重轮。
在优选地方案中，所述车轮组包括一个承重轮和一个动力轮，所述动力轮的一个侧轮与所述承重轮内侧连为一体，即承重轮和其中一个侧轮可以一体成型，也可以看成承重轮可做为其中一个侧轮或其中一个侧轮可做为承重轮。
在优选地方案中，所述车轮组包括两个承重轮和一个动力轮，所述动力轮为夹在所述两个承重轮中间。在本方案中，动力轮的滚轮受力均匀，可以提高滚轮使用寿命。
进一步地，所述动力轮的两侧侧轮分别与所述两个承重轮连为一体，即承重轮和侧轮可以一体成型，也可以看成承重轮可做为侧轮或其侧轮可做为承重轮。
具体地，所述防脱轨装置包括倒挂轮、侧导轮及支撑扁平臂，所述支撑扁平臂一侧设置有倒挂轮轴且朝向靠近轨道内侧边缘，所述倒挂轮安装在所述倒挂轮轴上，所述支撑扁平臂下端设置有侧导轮轴且方向向下，所述侧导轮安装在所述侧导轮轴上，所述侧导轮可以与轨道内侧壁滚动配合。在本方案中，所述防脱轨装置的倒挂轮可以防止轨道车辆脱轨，所述防脱轨装置的侧导轮可以防止轨道车辆跑偏，即引导轨道车辆沿轨道方向前进。
进一步地，所述防脱轨装置的侧导轮为两个，所述两个侧导轮前后安装在所述侧导轮轴上。在本方案中，两个侧导轮可以稳定轨道车辆的前进。
在另一方案中，所述高速轨道车辆还包括辅助加速动力装置，所述辅助加速动力装置安装在所述车体尾部，所述辅助加速动力装置通过与周围空气相互作用产生向前推力。在本方案中，辅助加速动力装置可以进一步提高高速轨道车辆速度。
具体地，所述辅助加速动力装置为喷气发动机。
另一具体地，所述辅助加速动力装置为螺旋桨式动力装置。
本发明第二目的所采用的技术方案是：
一种多用途高速轨道车辆，包括高速轨道车辆和公路转向系统，所述高速轨道车辆为本发明第一目的所述的一种高速轨道车辆，所述公路转向系统包括转向机构和传动机构，所述转向机构安装在所述转向架上，所述传动机构安装在所述车体上，所述多用途高速轨道车辆在公路上行驶时，启用所述公路转向系统并通过所述转向机构与所述传动机构的配合来完成转向；所述多用途高速轨道车辆在轨道上行驶时，所述防脱轨装置适于与轨道内表面配合，所述多用途高速轨道车辆在公路上行驶时，所述防脱轨装置可移动转移靠近所述车体底部，此时，所述防脱轨装置最低点高于路面。在本方案中，所述转向机构只有在轨道车辆离开轨道时才会启用，在转向时，整个转向架可左右旋转，并且前后两个转向架可以独立旋转，转向比传统小车更加灵活，因此，所述多用途高速轨道车辆可以在轨道上行驶，也可以在公路上行驶，便于轨道车辆能达到任何地方。
优选地，所述支撑扁平臂一端可前后旋转地安装在所述构架上，所述防脱轨装置通过所述支撑扁平臂 一端可旋转地移动转移靠近所述车体底部。在本方案中，述支撑扁平臂一端可前后旋转地安装在所述构架上，在结构上更加牢固。
可选地，所述支撑扁平臂一端固定安装在所述构架上，所述防脱轨装置通过所述支撑扁平臂一端向内向上旋转地移动转移靠近所述车体底部。在本方案中，所述防脱轨装置通过所述支撑扁平臂一端向内向上旋转地移动转移靠近所述车体底部，在结构上更加灵活，在轨道末端，无需轨道特别结构就可收起防脱轨装置。
本发明第三目的所采用的技术方案是：
一种轨道系统，包括多用途高速轨道车辆和轨道，所述多用途高速轨道车辆为为本发明第二目的所述的多用途高速轨道车辆；所述轨道在特定轨道路段设置有齿条轨，所述齿条轨轨齿凸出于所述轨道表面，所述多用途高速轨道车辆适于在所述全路段轨道行驶，当所述多用途高速轨道车辆经过设置有齿条轨路段时，所述动力轮适于与所述齿条轨表面配合，所述轨道末端轨道面可设置有开口，当所述多用途高速轨道车辆需离开轨道进入公路上行驶时，所述防脱轨装置移动转移靠近所述车体底部并脱离与所述轨道配合。在本方案中，所述齿条轨可以集成到所述轨道上一体成型，也可以单独设置与轨道旁边，具体位置与所述动力轮相匹配，即当所述动力轮在所述承重轮内侧时，所述齿条轨设置于轨道内侧，当所述动力轮在所述承重轮外侧时，所述齿条轨设置于轨道外侧，当所述动力轮在所述两个承重轮中间时，所述齿条轨设置于轨道中间。此外，所述轨道在特定轨道路段设置有齿条轨，这里特定轨道路段主要特指需要高速行驶的轨道路段，当然，在陡坡路段也可设置有有齿条轨，一来可以保证高速行驶速度，二来可以防防滑坡。
与现有技术相比，使用本发明提供的一种多用途高速轨道车辆及其轨道系统，具有以下有益效果：
1.通过设置承重轮和动力轮，承重轮与轨道摩擦力很小，大小减小轨道车辆前进阻力，同时，动力轮与轨道上齿条轨的配合，摩擦力小，而同时又可以提供轨道车辆前进强大动力，从而实现轨道车辆高速行驶，由于摩擦力小，可以节能,利于在跨城际之间组成轨道交通运输网。
2.所述轨道末端轨道面可设置有开口，同时所述防脱轨装置移动转移靠近所述车体底部并脱离与所述轨道配合，由此，该轨道系统可在轨道末端实现轨道车辆在轨道行驶与公路行驶之间的自由切换，轨道车辆可以在轨道上行驶，也可以在公路上行驶，便于轨道车辆能达到任何地方。
3.所述轨道在特定轨道路段设置有齿条轨，除了需要高速行驶路段外，陡坡路段也可以设置有齿条轨，所述齿条轨具有防滑作用，因此，所述轨道车辆爬坡能力强。
4.通过加装辅助加速动力装置，可以进一步提高道车辆高速度，利于在跨省际之间组成轨道交通运输网。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，就当理解，以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1是本发明所述的一种高速轨道车辆前视结构示意图。
图2是本发明所述的一种高速轨道车辆左视结构示意图。
图3是本发明所述的一种高速轨道车辆立体结构示意图。
图4是本发明所述的另一种高速轨道车辆前视结构示意图。
图5是本发明所述的另一种高速轨道车辆左视结构示意图。
图6是本发明所述的另一种高速轨道车辆立体结构示意图。
图7是本发明所述的又一种高速轨道车辆前视结构示意图。
图8是本发明所述的一种动力轮立体结构示意图。
图9是本发明所述的又一种高速轨道车辆左视结构示意图。
图10是本发明所述的又一种高速轨道车辆立体结构示意图。
图11是本发明所述的另一种动力轮立体结构示意图。
图12A是本发明所述的一种一个承重轮和一个动力轮组合的车轮组前视结构示意图。
图12B是本发明所述的另一种一个承重轮和一个动力轮组合的车轮组前视结构示意图。
图12C是本发明所述的一种两个承重轮和一个动力轮组合的车轮组前视结构示意图。
图13是本发明所述的防脱轨装置在所述轨道车辆位置的立体结构示意图。
图14是图12中区域A的放大图。
图15是本发明所述的防脱轨装置在所述轨道车辆位置的下视结构示意图。
图16是本发明所述的防脱轨装置向上旋转收起时右视结构示意图。
图17是本发明所述的防脱轨装置向上旋转收起时下视结构示意图。
图18是本发明所述的防脱轨装置向上旋转收起时立体结构示意图。
图19是本发明所述的防脱轨装置向上折叠收起时后视结构示意图。
图20是本发明所述的防脱轨装置向上折叠收起时下视结构示意图。
图21是本发明所述的多用途高速轨道车辆在轨道末端时防脱轨装置向上收起时立体结构示意图。
图22是本发明所述的多用途高速轨道车辆在轨道末端时防脱轨装置向上收起时上视结构示意图。
图23是本发明所述的多用途高速轨道车辆的转向机构上视结构示意图。
图24是本发明所述的多用途高速轨道车辆的转向机构立体结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
轨道1、
开口11、齿条轨12、
转向架21、公路转向系统22、
车轮组20、承重轮201、动力轮202、车轴203、构架211、转向机构221、传动机构222、
侧轮2021、滚轮2022、滚轮轴2023、滚轮轴支撑2024、滚轮轴支撑弹簧2025、滚轮轴长孔2026、滚轮轴孔2027、
防脱轨装置31、
倒挂轮311、侧导轮316、
支撑扁平臂31222、倒挂轮轴31223、侧导轮轴31225、
车体41。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本发明实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。因此，以下对在附图中提供的本发明实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“长度”、“宽度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，限定有“第一”、“第二”、“第三”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“若干个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
为了改善上述现有技术中所存在的一些不足,本发明的第一目的是提供一种高速轨道车辆，其速度快，节能,利于在跨城际或省际之间组成轨道交通运输网。
为了改善上述现有技术中所存在的一些不足,本发明的第二目的是提供一种多功能高速轨道车辆，其可以在轨道上行驶，也可以在公路上行驶，便于轨道车辆能达到任何地方。
为了改善上述现有技术中所存在的一些不足,本发明的第三目的是提供一种轨道系统，该轨道系统可在轨道末端实现轨道车辆在轨道行驶与公路行驶之间的自由切换。
下面参考附图描述根据本发明第一目的提供实施例的高速轨道车辆。
实施例1
一种高速轨道车辆，如图22和图23所示，包括车体41和转向架21，所述转向架21安装在所述车体41底部，如图1-3所示，所述转向架21包括轮对组件、构架211和防脱轨装置31。其中，如图3、图6和图10所示，所述轮对组件包括车轴203和两个车轮组20，所述车轮组20包括承重轮201和动力轮202，所述承重轮201和所述动力轮202同轴心，所述两个车轮组20分别安装在所述车轴203两端，所述车轮组20前进方向始终与所述车轴203垂直。所述构架211安装在所述车轴203上。如图1所示，所述防脱轨装置31设置于所述构架211底部并靠近所述车轮组20，所述高速轨道车辆在轨道1上行驶时，所述防脱轨装置31适于与轨道1内表面配合。在本方案中，类似磁悬浮列车理念，尽量减小轨道1与轨道车辆之间的摩擦力可以提高速度，因此，可以通过减小承重轮201与轨道1的接触面积和或提高承重轮201与轨道1的接触面的光滑度来达到减小承重轮201与轨道1摩擦力，其中，承重轮201与轨道1的接触面的光滑度可以通过材料的选用来提高，如光滑的钢轨道表面和光滑的钢承重轮表面，或在承重轮201表面释放润滑液等，同时，动力轮202与本发明的第三目的所述轨道1上齿条轨12的配合来提供轨道车辆前进强大动力，由于动力轮202与本发明的第三目的所述轨道1上齿条轨12非上下紧密接触而不承载车重，因此前进过程中摩擦力小，从而实现轨道车辆高速行驶，由于摩擦力小，可以节能,利于在跨城际之间组成轨道交通运输网。
在一种方案中，如图1-3所示，所述动力轮202为齿轮，根据所述承重轮201和动力轮202的数量和位置关系，有很多种组合实施方式，优选列举以下四种实施方式：
作为第一实施方式，所述车轮组20包括一个承重轮201和一个动力轮202，所述动力轮202为齿轮且可拆卸地安装在所述承重轮201外侧，这样，方便动力轮202保养与更换，同时还可根据需要灵活组装。
作为第二实施方式，所述车轮组20包括一个承重轮201和一个动力轮202，所述动力轮202为齿轮且 与所述承重轮201外侧连为一体，即承重轮201和动力轮202可以一体成型。
作为第三实施方式，所述车轮组20包括一个承重轮201和一个动力轮202，所述动力轮202为齿轮且与所述承重轮201内侧连为一体，即承重轮201和动力轮202可以一体成型。
作为第四实施方式，所述车轮组20包括两个承重轮201和一个动力轮202，所述动力轮202为齿轮且夹在所述两个承重轮201中间。在本方案中，动力轮202的齿轮受力均匀，可以提高动力轮202使用寿命。
在另一种方案中，如图4-7所示，所述动力轮202包括两个侧轮2021、若干个滚轮2022和若干个滚轮轴2023，所述侧轮2021边缘内圈均匀分布若干个滚轮轴孔2027，所述滚轮2022一一配合在所述滚轮轴2023中部，所述滚轮轴2023两端一一配合在两个侧轮2021的滚轮轴孔2027上，所述滚轮2022夹在所述两个侧轮2021之间。在本方案中，所述滚轮2022与本发明的第三目的所述轨道1上齿条轨配合，磨损小。根据所述承重轮201和动力轮202的数量和位置关系，有很多种组合实施方式，优选列举以下二种实施方式：
作为第一实施方式，所述车轮组20包括一个承重轮201和一个动力轮202，所述动力轮202可拆卸地安装在所述承重轮201外侧。
作为第二实施方式，所述车轮组20包括一个承重轮201和一个动力轮202，所述动力轮202的一个侧轮2021与所述承重轮201外侧连为一体。
在优选的方案中，如图8-11所示，所述动力轮202包括两个侧轮2021、若干个滚轮2022、若干个滚轮轴2023、若干个滚轮轴支撑2024和若干个滚轮轴支撑弹簧2025，所述侧轮2021边缘内圈均匀分布若干个滚轮轴长孔2026，所述滚轮轴支撑2024一端设置有滚轮轴孔2027，所述滚轮2022一一配合在所述滚轮轴2023中部，所述滚轮轴支撑2024一一延滚轮轴长孔2026长度方向上可移动地配合在所述两个侧轮2021滚轮轴长孔2026里且设置有滚轮轴孔2027的一端朝向外圈，所述滚轮轴支撑2024另一端端面连接所述滚轮轴支撑弹簧2025的一端，所述滚轮轴支撑弹簧2025的另一端与轮滚轮轴长孔2026朝向内圈一侧相连，所述滚轮轴2023两端一一配合在所述滚轮轴支撑2024的滚轮轴孔2027上，所述滚轮2022夹在所述两个侧轮2021之间，所述滚轮2022在所述滚轮轴支撑弹簧2025的作用下可延滚轮轴长孔2026长度方向上作弹性运作。在本方案中，若车辆紧急刹车车轮抱死，所述滚轮2022与本发明的第三目的所述轨道1上齿条轨可进行弹性伸缩配合，防止轨道车辆突然卡死或车轮损坏事故。根据所述承重轮201和动力轮202的数量和位置关系，有很多种组合实施方式，优选列举以下五种实施方式：
作为第一实施方式，如图12A所示，所述车轮组20包括一个承重轮201和一个动力轮202，所述动力轮202可拆卸地安装在所述承重轮201外侧，在本方案中，方便动力轮202保养与更换，同时还可根据需要灵活组装。
作为第二实施方式，如图12A所示，所述车轮组20包括一个承重轮201和一个动力轮202，所述动力轮202的一个侧轮2021与所述承重轮201外侧连为一体，即承重轮201和其中一个侧轮2021可以一体成型，也可以看成承重轮201可做为其中一个侧轮2021或其中一个侧轮2021可做为承重轮201。
作为第三实施方式，如图12B所示，所述车轮组20包括一个承重轮201和一个动力轮202，所述动力轮202的一个侧轮2021与所述承重轮201内侧连为一体，即承重轮201和其中一个侧轮2021可以一体成型，也可以看成承重轮201可做为其中一个侧轮2021或其中一个侧轮2021可做为承重轮201。
作为第四实施方式，如图12C所示，所述车轮组20包括两个承重轮201和一个动力轮202，所述动力轮202为夹在所述两个承重轮201中间。在本方案中，动力轮202的滚轮2022受力均匀，可以提高滚轮2022使用寿命。
作为第五实施方式，如图12C所示，所述动力轮202的两侧侧轮2021分别与所述两个承重轮201连为一体，即承重轮201和侧轮2021可以一体成型，也可以看成承重轮201可做为侧轮2021或其侧轮2021可做为承重轮201。
在进一步方案中，如图13和图14所示，所述防脱轨装置31包括倒挂轮311、侧导轮316及支撑扁平臂31222，所述支撑扁平臂31222一侧设置有倒挂轮轴31223且朝向靠近轨道1内侧边缘，所述倒挂轮311安装在所述倒挂轮轴31223上，所述支撑扁平臂31222下端设置有侧导轮轴31225且方向向下，所述侧导 轮316安装在所述侧导轮轴31225上，所述侧导轮316可以与轨道1内侧壁滚动配合。在本方案中，所述防脱轨装置31的倒挂轮311可以防止轨道车辆脱轨，所述防脱轨装置31的侧导轮316可以防止轨道车辆跑偏，即引导轨道车辆沿轨道1方向前进。
优选的，如图13和图14所示，所述防脱轨装置31的侧导轮316为两个，所述两个侧导轮316前后安装在所述侧导轮轴31225上。在本方案中，两个侧导轮316可以稳定轨道车辆的前进。
实施例2
在上述实施例1中所述高速轨道车辆的结构基础上，所述高速轨道车辆还包括辅助加速动力装置，所述辅助加速动力装置安装在所述车体尾部，所述辅助加速动力装置通过与周国空气相互作用产生向前推力。在本方案中，辅助加速动力装置可以进一步提高高速轨道车辆速度。
具体地，所述辅助加速动力装置为喷气发动机。
另一具体地，所述辅助加速动力装置为螺旋桨式动力装置。
下面参考附图描述根据本发明第二目的提供实施例的多用途高速轨道车辆。
实施例3
一种多用途高速轨道车辆，包括实施例1或实施例2所述高速轨道车辆和公路转向系统22。如图23和图24所示，所述公路转向系统22包括转向机构221和传动机构222，所述转向机构221安装在所述转向架21上，所述传动机构222安装在所述车体41上，所述多用途高速轨道车辆在公路上行驶时，启用所述公路转向系统22并通过所述转向机构221与所述传动机构222的配合来完成转向；如图10所示，所述多用途高速轨道车辆在轨道1上行驶时，所述防脱轨装置31适于与轨道1内表面配合，所述多用途高速轨道车辆在公路上行驶时，如图16-20所示，所述防脱轨装置31可移动转移靠近所述车体41底部，此时，所述防脱轨装置31最低点高于路面。在本方案中，所述转向机构22只有在轨道车辆离开轨道1时才会启用，在转向时，整个转向架21可左右旋转，并且前后两个转向架21可以独立旋转，转向比传统小车更加灵活，因此，所述多用途高速轨道车辆可以在轨道1上行驶，也可以在公路上行驶，便于轨道车辆能达到任何地方。本领域技术人员需要理解的是，这里所述公路是广义的，任何连续平面区域都可以称公路，甚至电梯与楼道间的同平面连接时也可称公路。
在进一步方案中，如图16-18所示，所述支撑扁平臂31222一端可前后旋转地安装在所述构架211上，所述防脱轨装置31通过所述支撑扁平臂31222一端可旋转地移动转移靠近所述车体41底部。在本方案中，述支撑扁平臂31222一端可前后旋转地安装在所述构架211上，在结构上更加牢固。
在另进一步方案中，如图19-20所示，所述支撑扁平臂31222一端固定安装在所述构架211上，所述防脱轨装置31通过所述支撑扁平臂31222一端向内向上旋转地移动转移靠近所述车体41底部。在本方案中，所述防脱轨装置31通过所述支撑扁平臂31222一端向内向上旋转地移动转移靠近所述车体41底部，在结构上更加灵活，在轨道1末端，无需轨道1特别结构就可收起防脱轨装置31。
下面参考附图描述根据本发明第三目的提供实施例的轨道系统。
实施例4
一种轨道系统，包括实施例3所述多用途高速轨道车辆和轨道1；如图1-6或图8-10所示，所述轨道1在特定轨道1路段设置有齿条轨12，所述齿条轨12轨齿凸出于所述轨道1表面，所述多用途高速轨道车辆适于在所述全路段轨道1行驶，当所述多用途高速轨道车辆经过设置有齿条轨12路段时，所述动力轮202适于与所述齿条轨12表面配合，所述高速轨道车辆的动力轮202与齿条轨12非上下紧密接触而不承载车重，如图21和图22所示，所述轨道1末端轨道1面可设置有开口11，当所述多用途高速轨道车辆需离开轨道1进入公路上行驶时，所述防脱轨装置31移动转移靠近所述车体41底部并脱离与所述轨道1配合，由此，该轨道系统可在轨道末端实现轨道车辆在轨道行驶与公路行驶之间的自由切换。在本方案中，所述齿条轨12可以集成到所述轨道1上一体成型，也可以单独设置与轨道1旁边，具体位置与所述动力轮202相匹配，即当所述动力轮202在所述承重轮201内侧时，所述齿条轨12设置于轨道1内侧，当所述动力轮202在所述承重轮201外侧时，所述齿条轨12设置于轨道1外侧，当所述动力轮202在所述两个承重轮201中间时，所述齿条轨12设置于轨道1中间。此外，所述轨道在特定轨道路段设置有齿条轨 12，这里特定轨道路段主要特指需要高速行驶的轨道路段，当然，在陡坡路段也可设置有有齿条轨12，一来可以保证高速行驶速度，二来可以防防滑坡。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不限于此，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，包括:
    车体；
    转向架，所述转向架安装在所述车体底部，所述转向架包括轮对组件、构架和防脱轨装置，其中，
    所述轮对组件包括车轴和两个车轮组，所述车轮组包括承重轮和动力轮，所述承重轮和所述动力轮同轴心，所述两个车轮组分别安装在所述车轴两端，所述车轮组前进方向始终与所述车轴垂直；
    所述构架安装在所述车轴上，
    所述防脱轨装置设置于所述构架底部并靠近所述车轮组，所述高速轨道车辆在轨道上行驶时，所述防脱轨装置适于与轨道内表面配合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，所述车轮组包括一个承重轮和一个动力轮，所述动力轮为齿轮且可拆卸地安装在所述承重轮外侧。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，所述车轮组包括一个承重轮和一个动力轮，所述动力轮为齿轮且与所述承重轮外侧连为一体。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，所述车轮组包括一个承重轮和一个动力轮，所述动力轮为齿轮且与所述承重轮内侧连为一体。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，所述车轮组包括两个承重轮和一个动力轮，所述动力轮为齿轮且夹在所述两个承重轮中间。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，所述动力轮包括两个侧轮、若干个滚轮和若干个滚轮轴，所述侧轮边缘内圈均匀分布若干个滚轮轴孔，所述滚轮一一配合在所述滚轮轴中部，所述滚轮轴两端一一配合在两个侧轮的滚轮轴孔上，所述滚轮夹在所述两个侧轮之间。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，所述车轮组包括一个承重轮和一个动力轮，所述动力轮可拆卸地安装在所述承重轮外侧。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，所述车轮组包括一个承重轮和一个动力轮，所述动力轮的一个侧轮与所述承重轮外侧连为一体。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，所述动力轮包括两个侧轮、若干个滚轮、若干个滚轮轴、若干个滚轮轴支撑和若干个滚轮轴支撑弹簧，所述侧轮边缘内圈均匀分布若干个滚轮轴长孔，所述滚轮轴支撑一端设置有滚轮轴孔，所述滚轮一一配合在所述滚轮轴中部，所述滚轮轴支撑一一延滚轮轴长孔长度方向上可移动地配合在所述两个侧轮滚轮轴长孔里且设置有滚轮轴孔的一端朝向外圈，所述滚轮轴支撑另一端端面连接所述滚轮轴支撑弹簧的一端，所述滚轮轴支撑弹簧的另一端与轮滚轮轴长孔朝向内圈一侧相连，所述滚轮轴两端一一配合在所述滚轮轴支撑的滚轮轴孔上，所述滚轮夹在所述两个侧轮之间，所述滚轮在所述滚轮轴支撑弹簧的作用下可延滚轮轴长孔长度方向上作弹性运作。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，所述车轮组包括一个承重轮和一个动力轮，所述动力轮可拆卸地安装在所述承重轮外侧。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的一种高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，所述车轮组包括一个承重轮和一个动力轮，所述动力轮的一个侧轮与所述承重轮外侧连为一体。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的一种高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，所述车轮组包括一个承重轮和一个动力轮，所述动力轮的一个侧轮与所述承重轮内侧连为一体。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的一种高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，所述车轮组包括两个承重轮和一个动力轮，所述动力轮为夹在所述两个承重轮中间。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的一种高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，所述动力轮的两侧侧轮分别与所述两个承重轮连为一体。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14所述的一种高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，所述防脱轨装置包括倒挂轮、侧导轮及支撑扁平臂，所述支撑扁平臂一侧设置有倒挂轮轴且朝向靠近轨道内侧边缘，所述倒挂轮安装在所述倒 挂轮轴上，所述支撑扁平臂下端设置有侧导轮轴且方向向下，所述侧导轮安装在所述侧导轮轴上，所述侧导轮可以与轨道内侧壁滚动配合。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的一种高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，所述防脱轨装置的侧导轮为两个，所述两个侧导轮前后安装在所述侧导轮轴上。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的一种高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，还包括辅助加速动力装置，所述辅助加速动力装置安装在所述车体尾部，所述辅助加速动力装置通过与周围空气相互作用产生向前推力。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的一种高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，所述辅助加速动力装置为喷气发动机。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的一种高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，所述辅助加速动力装置为螺旋桨式动力装置。
  20. 一种多用途高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，包括：
    高速轨道车辆，所述高速轨道车辆为根据权利要求15-19中任一项所述的一种高速轨道车辆；
    公路转向系统，所述公路转向系统包括转向机构和传动机构；
    所述转向机构安装在所述转向架上，所述传动机构安装在所述车体上，所述多用途高速轨道车辆在公路上行驶时，启用所述公路转向系统并通过所述转向机构与所述传动机构的配合来完成转向；
    所述多用途高速轨道车辆在轨道上行驶时，所述防脱轨装置适于与轨道内表面配合，所述多用途高速轨道车辆在公路上行驶时，所述防脱轨装置可移动转移靠近所述车体底部，此时，所述防脱轨装置最低点高于路面。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的多用途高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，所述支撑扁平臂一端可前后旋转地安装在所述构架上，所述防脱轨装置通过所述支撑扁平臂一端可旋转地移动转移靠近所述车体底部。
  22. 根据权利要求20所述的多用途高速轨道车辆，其特征在于，所述支撑扁平臂一端固定安装在所述构架上，所述防脱轨装置通过所述支撑扁平臂一端向内向上旋转地移动转移靠近所述车体底部。
  23. 一种轨道系统，其特征在于，包括：
    多用途高速轨道车辆，所述多用途高速轨道车辆为根据权利要求20-22中任一项所述的多用途高速轨道车辆；
    轨道，所述轨道在特定轨道路段设置有齿条轨，所述多用途高速轨道车辆适于在所述全路段轨道行驶，当所述多用途高速轨道车辆经过设置有齿条轨路段时，所述齿条轨轨齿凸出于所述轨道表面，所述动力轮适于与所述齿条轨表面配合，所述轨道末端轨道面可设置有开口，当所述多用途高速轨道车辆需离开轨道进入公路上行驶时，所述防脱轨装置移动转移靠近所述车体底部并脱离与所述轨道配合。
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