WO2023015713A1 - 升降设备及升降系统 - Google Patents

升降设备及升降系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023015713A1
WO2023015713A1 PCT/CN2021/123063 CN2021123063W WO2023015713A1 WO 2023015713 A1 WO2023015713 A1 WO 2023015713A1 CN 2021123063 W CN2021123063 W CN 2021123063W WO 2023015713 A1 WO2023015713 A1 WO 2023015713A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
locking
pedal
lifting
assembly
lifting device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/123063
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
余铁辉
张庆伟
张国柱
Original Assignee
中际联合（北京）科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202121879044.8U external-priority patent/CN216038515U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202110919795.6A external-priority patent/CN113683029B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202110921199.1A external-priority patent/CN113697731B/zh
Application filed by 中际联合（北京）科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 中际联合（北京）科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023015713A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023015713A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F11/00—Lifting devices specially adapted for particular uses not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F17/00—Safety devices, e.g. for limiting or indicating lifting force

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of climbing devices, in particular to a lifting device and a lifting system.
  • Lifting equipment is a low-speed light-duty lifting machine that uses a motor to drive a lifting platform to run up and down a track installed on a building or equipment ladder to transport personnel and materials at high altitudes.
  • the existing lifting equipment found the following problems during use:
  • the present application provides a lifting device and a lifting system, which are used to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical defects of the prior art, and realize a lifting device with simple structure, convenient operation and high operating safety.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a lifting device, including a lifting vehicle body, a handrail assembly and a pedal assembly, and the armrest assembly and the pedal assembly are respectively detachably connected to the lifting vehicle body;
  • the lifting car body is provided with a mechanical locking assembly
  • the mechanical locking assembly includes a locking member, a locking seat, a locking pin shaft and a locking spring, the locking member is connected to the locking seat, and a sliding cavity is opened on the locking seat.
  • the locking pin is connected to the sliding cavity through the locking spring;
  • the locking member when the locking member is pressed, the locking pin is released from the sliding cavity and locked in the anti-drop hole of the guide rail.
  • the locking member includes a locking button, a locking link, a lock tongue and a seat body, the locking link and the lock tongue are both connected to the seat body, the One end of the locking connecting rod is connected to the locking button, and the other end of the connecting rod is matched with the locking tongue to control the rotation of the locking tongue on the base, and the base is connected to the on the locking seat;
  • a first locking groove is opened on the locking seat
  • a second locking groove is opened on the locking pin shaft
  • the locking tongue passes through the first locking groove, and is connected with the second locking groove.
  • the locking grooves are separated from each other, so as to lock the locking pin shaft in the anti-fall hole of the guide rail.
  • the mechanical locking assembly further includes an unlocking member for pulling the locking pin shaft out of the anti-fall hole
  • the unlocking member includes an unlocking ring
  • the unlocking ring passes through
  • the connecting piece is connected with the locking pin, and the unlocking ring is pulled to drive the locking pin to slide and squeeze the locking spring in the sliding cavity, so that the locking tongue is stuck on the locking pin.
  • the locking pin is pulled out from the anti-fall hole.
  • the lifting car body is also provided with a fall prevention component that cooperates with the guide rail to prevent the fall from falling.
  • the armrest assembly is provided with a handrail switch and a handrail key, and the armrest switch and the handrail key are respectively connected to transmitters on the lifting device.
  • the armrest assembly includes a first armrest and a second armrest;
  • the armrest switch includes a shift switch and an emergency stop switch
  • the shift switch is set on one of the first armrest and the second armrest
  • the emergency stop switch is set on the first armrest. armrest and the other of said second armrest.
  • the lifting vehicle body is further provided with a guide wheel assembly, and the guide wheel assembly includes at least one set of guide wheels.
  • an anti-off assembly is provided on the same side as the guide wheel on the lifting vehicle body;
  • the anti-off component is realized by an anti-off wheel that can penetrate the guide rail as a whole.
  • one or more of an escape plate, a waterproof control box, a battery box, and a platform trigger are further arranged on the lifting vehicle body.
  • the pedal assembly includes a support part and a stepping part, the support part is connected to the lifting vehicle body, and the stepping part is connected to the support part.
  • the stepping part includes a pedal
  • the support part includes a support plate, a pedal support and a booster, the support plate is connected to the lower end of the lift body; one end of the pedal support is connected to the support plate, and the other end is connected to the pedal Below; the two ends of the booster member are respectively connected to the support plate and the pedal support.
  • the stepping part includes a pedal
  • the support part includes a pedal support and a booster, one end of the pedal support is connected to the lift car body, and the other end is connected to the bottom of the pedal; the two ends of the booster are respectively connected to the lift car body body and the pedal support.
  • the pedal support includes a horizontal section and a connecting section
  • a positioning column is arranged on the connecting section
  • the pedal is provided with a flange, and the flange is provided with a positioning hole matched with the positioning column.
  • the connecting section is provided with a receiving groove for receiving the booster member.
  • the assisting member is an elastic element.
  • the stepping part further includes a load cell, and the sensor is located between the pedal and the pedal support.
  • the pedal assembly also includes a limit assembly, and the limit assembly includes a limit switch and a trigger mechanism,
  • the trigger mechanism can retract and touch the limit switch.
  • the trigger mechanism includes a limit baffle and a scissor structure, and the limit baffle is arranged parallel to the pedal through the scissor structure;
  • the scissors structure includes a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod, and the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are intersected by a rotating shaft.
  • the pedal assembly further includes a limit assembly
  • the limit assembly includes a limit switch and a trigger mechanism
  • the trigger mechanism can shrink and touch the limit switch
  • the trigger mechanism includes a limit baffle and a scissor structure, and the limit baffle is arranged parallel to the pedal through the scissor structure;
  • the scissors structure includes a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod, and the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are intersected by a rotating shaft.
  • the contours of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are arc-shaped, and a tension spring is connected between the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod.
  • the second aspect of the present application provides a lifting system, including a guide rail, a driving device, and the lifting equipment described in any one of the above;
  • the lifting device is connected to the guide rail, and the driving device drives the wire rope to move to drive the lifting device to move up and down along the guide rail.
  • the handrail switch and the handrail key are centrally arranged on the handrail assembly, which can not only constrain the operator to hold the handrail assembly with both hands, so as to improve the safety of the operator when taking the elevator, but also ensure At this time, the operator can directly switch the armrest on the armrest assembly (including pressing the emergency stop switch), so as to avoid releasing the armrest assembly with both hands or keeping away from the armrest assembly, resulting in accidents, so as to improve the safety of the lifting equipment; at the same time, it can effectively prevent the control switch from be damaged.
  • the lifting car body is equipped with anti-fall components and/or mechanical locking components, that is, when the lifting equipment suddenly stalls and falls during operation, the anti-fall components cooperate with the guide rails to lock the lifting car body to the guide rails to avoid accidents.
  • the mechanical lock assembly can be used as a supplementary assembly of the anti-fall assembly.
  • the anti-fall assembly Carry out the locking of the lifting car body when it stalls and falls, effectively avoiding safety accidents caused by the failure of the anti-falling components; at the same time, if the lifting equipment cannot stop in time in case of an emergency during the upward process, the mechanical locking component can be locked at any point on the guide rail. The position is mechanically locked, which makes the operation safety of the lifting equipment higher, and fills the blank of the upward locking of the lifting equipment.
  • the pedal assembly provides power assistance for the lifting of the pedal by setting a booster, which can quickly retract the pedal when the pedal needs to be retracted immediately in an emergency, which is labor-saving and convenient to use, ensuring that the user can quickly handle abnormal situations Improve the safety of lifting equipment.
  • the booster can make the pedal switch between the folded and stowed states, has a simple structure, is convenient to operate, basically maintains inconvenient force values during exercise, and has good support or booster stability.
  • the lifting system provided by the present application has all the advantages mentioned above because it includes the lifting device described in any one of the above.
  • Fig. 1 is one of structural representations of the lifting equipment provided by the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a front view of the lifting device shown in Figure 1;
  • Fig. 3 is the second structural representation of the lifting equipment provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is the third structural representation of the lifting equipment provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the first cover in the lifting device provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of the first cover in the lifting device provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the mechanical locking assembly in the lifting device provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the pedal assembly in the lifting device provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the first cover in another embodiment of the lifting device provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is an exploded schematic view of the pedal assembly in the lifting device provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the expanded state of the pedal assembly in the lifting device provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the folded state of the pedal assembly in the lifting device provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the use state of the mechanical locking component in the lifting device provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the unlocked state of the mechanical locking component in the lifting device provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the locking state of the mechanical locking component in the lifting device provided by the present application.
  • 111 battery box
  • 112 wire rope fixing block
  • 113 platform trigger
  • 312 Pedal support; 3121: Horizontal section; 31211: Fixing hole;
  • 3122 connecting section; 31221: first connecting hole; 31222: second connecting hole;
  • 31223 Accommodating groove
  • 3123 Positioning column
  • 313 Power-assist parts
  • 321 pedal; 3211: flange; 32111: positioning hole;
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. "First”, “second”, “third” and “fourth” do not represent any sequence relationship, but are only distinguished for convenience of description. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application in specific situations. "Current” at the moment when an action is performed, multiple currents appear in the text, all of which are recorded in real time as time goes by.
  • the embodiment of the application provides a lifting device, including a lifting vehicle body 1, an armrest assembly 2 and a pedal assembly 3; the armrest assembly 2 and the pedal assembly 3 Respectively detachably connected on the lifting car body 1, the three together constitute the lifting equipment.
  • the lift car body 1 can be slidably connected to the guide rail, and can be moved up and down along the extension direction of the guide rail by being pulled by the working wire rope.
  • the handrail assembly 2 and the pedal assembly 3 move synchronously with the lift car body 1, for goods delivery or single-person lift Mobile for working at heights.
  • the anti-falling assembly 11 and/or mechanical locking assembly 12 are arranged on the lifting car body 1, and the anti-falling assembly 11 cooperates with the guide rail to perform anti-falling limit;
  • the mechanical locking assembly 12 can be selected ground (including the failure of the anti-fall component 11) to extend the mechanical locking component 12 and limit it on the guide rail to realize the mechanical limit.
  • the lifting car body 1 is locked to the guide rail to avoid brake failure of the lifting equipment, accidents, and improve the safety of the lifting equipment;
  • the locking assembly 12 can be used as a supplementary assembly of the anti-fall assembly 11.
  • the lifting car body 1 stalls and falls to lock, effectively avoiding accidents caused by the failure of the anti-fall assembly 11; and, the lifting If the equipment cannot be stopped in time in an emergency situation during the upward movement, the mechanical locking component 12 can perform mechanical locking at any position on the guide rail, which makes the operation safety of the lifting equipment higher and fills the gap between the upward locking of the lifting equipment. Whitespace.
  • the armrest assembly 2 is provided with an armrest switch 213 and an armrest key 214 , and the armrest switch 213 and the armrest key 214 are respectively connected to transmitters on the lifting device.
  • the handrail switch 213 is used to control the lifting equipment to go up and down on the guide rail, and to switch the operation control mode of the lifting equipment to remote control or to control the braking of the lifting equipment in an emergency, which is easy to operate.
  • the armrest switch 213 is switched to any state of the up gear or the down gear, trigger the armrest key 214 to control the lifting equipment to run in the corresponding gear.
  • the lifting car body 1 includes a shield shell, which is a closed shell with a receiving cavity, and the shape of the shield shell can be set to any shape, which is not specifically limited here. Commonly used shield shell shapes are rectangles or squares.
  • the shield housing can be closed and formed by a body 13 and a cover body.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the body 13 is a rectangle
  • the cover body includes a first cover body 14 and a second cover body 15. 14 and the second cover 15 are respectively provided at two ends of the main body 13 .
  • the armrest assembly 2 is detachably connected to the first cover 14
  • the pedal assembly 3 is detachably connected to the second cover 15 or the body 13 close to the second cover 15 .
  • the body 13 , the first cover 14 and the second cover 15 can be integrally formed, or separately, and fixed together by bolts or other connecting structures.
  • the first cover body 14 is provided with the mounting hole 16 for installing the armrest assembly 2, or the first cover body 14 is formed with the mounting hole 16 for installing the armrest assembly 2, the armrest assembly 2
  • the armrest assembly 2 can be easily replaced and disassembled by being threaded or bolted in the mounting hole 16 .
  • the anti-fall assembly 11 and the mechanical locking assembly 12 are located in the body 13, and an anti-fall groove (not marked in the figure) and Mechanical locking hole (not labeled in the figure), the anti-fall assembly 11 protrudes from the anti-fall groove outside the body 13, when the lifting equipment stalls and falls on the guide rail, the anti-fall assembly 11 is stuck on the guide rail to achieve braking; mechanical lock
  • the locking component 12 is fixedly connected to the body 13, and protrudes from the mechanical locking hole outside the body 13. When the lifting equipment needs to be braked, the mechanical locking component 12 continues to protrude outward until it is stuck on the guide rail to realize the limit. bit.
  • the anti-fall assembly 11 is fixedly connected to the body 13, specifically, it can be fixedly connected to the body 13 by bolts or screws and is located at the periphery of the anti-fall groove.
  • the anti-fall assembly 11 includes a centrifugal throwing block (not labeled in the figure), a spring (not labeled in the figure) and a speed measuring wheel (not labeled in the figure), and the centrifugal throwing block, the spring and the speed measuring wheel together constitute a centrifugal throwing block structure, lifting equipment When falling at a stall, the centrifugal throwing block structure is thrown out and restricted on the guide rail.
  • the guide rail is covered with anti-fall holes (not shown) with consistent size intervals, and the centrifugal throwing block cooperates with the anti-fall holes to realize the limit;
  • the anti-fall assembly 11 Under normal speed conditions, the anti-fall assembly 11 is in the closed state, that is, the centrifugal throwing block is stored in the anti-fall assembly 11; when the lifting car body 1 runs downward along the guide rail, the speed measuring wheel rotates along the guide rail and drives the centrifugal throwing block. The centrifugal throwing block of the block structure rotates.
  • the centrifugal throwing block of the centrifugal throwing block structure overcomes the pulling force of the spring and throws it outwards. Instantly lock in the anti-drop hole, and lock the lifting equipment on the guide rail.
  • the mechanical locking assembly 12 includes a locking seat 121, a locking pin shaft 122 and a locking spring 123.
  • the locking seat 121 is provided with a sliding cavity 124, and the locking pin
  • the shaft 122 is connected in the sliding cavity 124 through the locking spring 123 .
  • the end portion of the locking pin shaft 122 that can extend into the anti-fall hole of the guide rail is also referred to as the engaging portion 1221 .
  • the mechanical locking assembly 12 also includes a locking part, and the locking part includes a locking button 132, a locking link 125, a locking tongue 126 and a seat body 127, and the locking link 125 and the locking tongue 126 are connected to the seat body 127.
  • the seat body 127 is fixedly connected to the locking seat 121 by screws or bolts, one end of the locking link 125 is connected to the locking button 132, and the other end of the locking link 125 can be controlled by pressing the locking button 132 Cooperate with the lock tongue 126 to realize the rotation of the lock tongue 126 on the seat body 127 .
  • a first locking groove 128 is opened on the locking seat 121
  • a second locking groove 129 is opened on the locking pin shaft 122
  • the locking tongue 126 passes through the first locking groove 128, and is connected with the second locking groove 129 are separated or engaged with each other to realize the locking or unlocking function.
  • press the locking link 125 and the locking link 125 drives the locking tongue 126 to rotate a certain angle on the seat body 127, so that the locking tongue 126 is separated from the second locking groove 129
  • the locking pin shaft 122 pops up under the thrust of the locking spring 123, so that the end of the locking pin shaft 122 is stuck in the anti-fall hole of the guide rail, so that the free limit of the mechanical locking assembly 12 is realized.
  • the mechanical locking assembly 12 also includes an unlocking member.
  • the unlocking member includes an unlocking ring 130.
  • the unlocking ring 130 is connected to the locking pin shaft 122 through a connecting piece 131, and can pull the locking pin shaft 122 into the locking seat 121. Slide to squeeze lock spring 123 .
  • the connecting piece 131 can be a rod or a rope. One end of the connecting piece 131 is fixedly connected with the unlocking ring 130, and the other end is fixedly connected with the locking pin 122, so that the locking pin 122 can move along with the unlocking ring 130. move.
  • the unlocking ring 130 When the mechanical lock assembly 12 needs to start the unlocking function, the unlocking ring 130 is pulled hard, and the unlocking ring 130 drives the locking pin 122 to slide in the locking seat 121 through the connecting piece 131, squeezing the locking spring 123, so that the lock The end of the stop pin shaft 122 is extracted from the anti-fall hole of the guide rail. At the same time, the unlocking pull ring 130 drives the lock pin shaft 122 to continue sliding in the lock seat 121 through the connector 131. When the dead bolt 126 is locked with the second lock When the slots 129 are in contact with each other and locked in the second locking slot 129, the unlocking action is completed. As shown in Fig. 14 and Fig.
  • the rod 125 drives the locking tongue 126 to rotate a certain angle on the seat body 127, so that the locking part 1221 is away from the locking seat 121 under the action of the locking spring 123, and the locking part 1221 of the locking pin 122 will be locked to the guide rail 4
  • the clamping part 1221 needs to be set in the chute of the guide rail 4 when it is in the unlocked state, and the outer end of the clamping part 1221, that is, the end extending into the locking hole of the guide rail, is far from the lock on the guide rail 4.
  • the stop hole has a preset distance, and the preset distance enables the locking part 1221 to be locked into the locking hole in the locked state, thereby realizing mechanical locking and limiting.
  • the lock link 125 drives the lock tongue 126 to rotate a certain angle on the seat body 127, so that the snap-fitting part 1221 is away from the locking seat 121 under the action of the locking spring 123, and the locking part 1221 of the locking pin 122 will be locked into the locking hole of the guide rail 4 to realize the mechanical locking limit. That is, the engaging portion 1221 may not be in the slide groove of the guide rail 4 when in the unlocked state, and can also be engaged in the locking hole in the locked state to realize mechanical locking and positioning.
  • the above-mentioned mechanical locking component 12 is a locking structure completely independent of the anti-fall component 11, which can not only make up for the failure of the anti-fall component 11 and cannot be locked, that is, it can realize emergency braking when an unexpected situation occurs in the lifting equipment; Realize the mechanical locking of the lifting equipment in two directions, up or down, and at any position, with simple structure and easy operation.
  • the structures of the locking seat 121 and the locking pin shaft 122 may be cylinders, cuboids or various shaped bodies.
  • the shape of the end of the locking pin shaft 122 can be determined according to the shape of the anti-fall hole offered on the guide rail, and can be any form or structure of any shape, and the length of the locking pin shaft 122 and the overall length of the mechanical locking assembly 12 can be Make appropriate adjustments based on usage.
  • the armrest assembly 2 includes a first armrest 21 (can be understood as a left armrest) and a second armrest 22 (can be understood as a right armrest), and the first armrest 21 and the second armrest 22 are respectively Connected to the preset installation hole 16 on the first cover 14 .
  • the first handrail 21 and the second handrail 22 all include a handrail standpipe 211 and a handle 212, and one end of the handrail standpipe 211 is inserted in the mounting hole 16, and can be fixed by bolts; or the mounting hole 16 is set to Threaded hole, and tapping external thread at one end of the handrail standpipe 211, the handrail standpipe 211 is threadedly connected in the mounting hole 16, the other end of the handrail standpipe 211 is a free end, and the handle 212 is installed on the free end.
  • the handrail switch 213 includes a gear changeover switch and an emergency stop switch, wherein a gear changeover switch can be set on one of the handles 212 of the first armrest 21 and the second handrail 22, and an emergency stop switch is set on the other handle, and the gear position
  • the changeover switch and the emergency stop switch are fixedly installed in the preset embedding holes on the handle 212 by bolts respectively, as long as it is ensured that the gear changeover switch can be controlled by one hand and the emergency stop switch can be controlled by the other hand during use.
  • the shift switch and the emergency stop switch are respectively electrically connected to the transmitter on the lifting device.
  • the gear shift switch in this embodiment is a three-gear switch, that is, it has three gears that can be adjusted, that is, uplink, downlink, and remote control, and can realize the uplink, downlink, and remote control gears of the lifting equipment. switch.
  • the emergency stop switch enables the lifting equipment to stop immediately under any circumstances. It is used to stop the lifting equipment immediately in case of an emergency to prevent further losses.
  • armrest key 214 is installed on the first armrest 21 and the second armrest 22 respectively, comprises key handle, key rotating shaft, key spring and key switch, and key handle is connected on the handle 212 through the rotation of key rotating shaft, and key spring is installed on the key handle Between the handle 212, the key switch is mounted on the handle 212. It is necessary to press the key handle with both hands at the same time to start the lifting device. Release any key handle and press the key handle with one hand, which will stop the operation of the lifting device, that is, pressing the key handle with one hand cannot start the lifting device, thereby restricting the hands of the operator. , so that the hands of the operator are always on the handrail assembly 2 during the operation of the lifting equipment, so as to avoid accidents caused by the operator's single-handed support, so as to ensure the safe operation of the lifting equipment.
  • the key handle compresses the key spring to deform, and at the same time, the key handle rotates around the key shaft and approaches the key switch to trigger the key switch to switch from the normally open state to the closed state. Then through the pre-set control program in the transmitter on the lifting equipment, the operation of the lifting equipment is controlled.
  • the key spring resets and drives the key handle back to its original position. At this time, the key handle will break away from the key switch, so that the corresponding key switch returns to the normally open state, which cannot meet the requirements of the transmitter on the lifting device.
  • the pre-set control program makes the lifting equipment stop running.
  • the handle 212 is set as two parts that can be detachably connected, that is, the first handle body and the second handle body, and the first handle body and the second handle body.
  • the body can be fixed on the handrail riser 211 by bolts or its own positioning column.
  • the armrest assembly 2 also includes a platform trigger structure 23, which is fixedly connected to one of the armrests through a pin shaft.
  • the structure 23 can trigger the switch to stop the lifting equipment from running, so as to prevent the lifting equipment from being damaged.
  • the handrail switch 213 and the handrail key 214 are arranged on the top of the handrail assembly 2, on the side opposite to the position where the operator's hand contacts, which can reduce the risk of damage to the handrail switch 213 and the handrail key due to excessive force applied by the operator; When the lifting equipment is going to the top or falling, the risk of damage caused by the operator stepping over the lifting equipment and stepping on the handrail switch 213 and the handrail key during the climbing process is avoided.
  • the handrail switch 213 and the handrail key 214 are centrally arranged on the handrail assembly 2, which can not only restrict the operator to hold the handrail assembly 2 with both hands, so as to improve the safety of the operator on the lifting equipment , and can ensure that in an emergency, the operator can directly control the emergency braking of the lifting equipment (including pressing the emergency stop switch) on the armrest assembly 2, so as to avoid releasing the armrest assembly 2 with both hands or touching the switch away from the armrest assembly 2, Lead to accidents to improve the safety of lifting equipment.
  • a guide wheel assembly is also provided on the body 13 on the same side as the anti-fall groove (that is, the side close to the guide rail), and the guide wheel assembly includes at least one set of guide wheels 17.
  • the guide wheels 17 are distributed along the height direction of the body 13 .
  • the guide wheels 17 in the guide wheel assembly are respectively connected to the body 13 by bolts, and the guide wheels 17 have “U” grooves, and the guide rails can be embedded in the "U” grooves to realize the guiding effect, so that the lifting car body 1 Can move along the extending direction of the guide rail.
  • the body 13 is provided with an anti-loosening component on the same side as the guide wheel 17, and the anti-loosening component is used to prevent the body 13 from falling off the guide rail, and further improve the stability of the equipment operation.
  • the anti-falling assembly is fixedly installed on the body 13 of the lifting car body 1 by bolts, and the anti-falling assembly is specifically an anti-off wheel 18, which can be integrally inserted into the guide rail.
  • the anti-off wheel 18 has a wheel groove
  • the guide rail is provided with an edge portion that cooperates with the wheel groove to slide, and the wheel groove can be stuck on the edge portion to prevent the lifting car body 1 from sliding out of the guide rail during operation , so that the operation of the overall structure of the lifting equipment is more stable.
  • escape plates 19 are provided on both sides of the body 13 , and the escape plates 19 are fixedly installed on both sides of the body 13 , which can be fixed by bolts or welded.
  • the setting position and the setting quantity of the escape plate 19 are determined by the height of the body 13; many.
  • the escape plate 19 can ensure that the lifting equipment is in an emergency state, or when the lifting equipment is stopped on the guide rail and cannot run, the personnel can escape by moving upward or downward with three-point contact, so as to avoid the lifting equipment being blocked between the personnel and the ladder to escape Inconvenience, thereby ensuring the safety of personnel.
  • an anti-slip layer (not shown in the figure) can be provided on the surface of the escape plate 19 to improve the wear resistance of the escape plate 19 .
  • a waterproof control box 110 is arranged in the main body 13 , and various control elements and controllers are arranged in the waterproof control box 110 for controlling various components of the lifting device.
  • a battery box 111 can also be fixed on one or both sides of the body 13 by screws or rivets, and the battery box 111 contains a power supply battery, which can be disassembled and replaced at any time, and is used for lifting The car body 1 provides the required electric energy.
  • the first cover 14 is provided with a wire rope fixing block 112 for pulling the working wire rope.
  • the working wire rope is driven by an external force, so that the working wire rope moves on the wire rope fixing block 112, and at the same time drives the lifting car body 1 to move up and down along the extending direction of the guide rail.
  • the lifting car body 1 is carried out in the form of rack and pinion drive. lift control.
  • the outer shell of the mechanical locking assembly 12 is integrated into the steel wire rope and fixed by crushing. block 112, and make the wire rope fixing block 112 integrally formed with the first cover body 14, and then fix it on the body 13 by screws or bolts.
  • the lifting device of the present application further includes a platform trigger 113 .
  • the platform trigger 113 is located in the body 13 , extends out of the body 13 from one side of the guide wheel 17 and extends to the outside of the body 13 .
  • an instruction or signal is sent to the controller of the lift car body 1, so that the controller controls the lift car body 1 to slow down and issue an alarm, etc.
  • the lifting equipment returns to its original speed after passing the platform safely; in addition, when the lifting vehicle body 1 runs to the uppermost or lowermost limit position, the platform trigger 113 will also be triggered, allowing the lifting equipment to stop running.
  • FIG. 3 Referring to FIG. 3 , FIG. 8 , FIG. 10 , FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 in detail, the pedal assembly 3 in the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail.
  • the pedal assembly 3 includes a support portion 31 and a stepping portion 32, the support portion 31 is connected to the lifting vehicle body 1, and the stepping portion 32 is detachably connected to the support portion 31; during use, A person or an object stands on the tread part 32 .
  • the support portion 31 includes a support plate 311, a pedal support 312 and a booster 313, the support plate 311 is connected to the lower end of the body 13 of the lifting car body 1, the connection between the support plate 311 and the body 13 can be adopted
  • the bolts are fixedly connected, and can also be directly welded on the body 13.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the pedal support 312 is an "L" shape, which is fixedly connected to the pedal part 32 for lifting the pedal part 32.
  • One end of the pedal support 312 is rotatably connected to the support plate 311, and can surround the support plate 311. The connection point turns.
  • the other end of the pedal support 312 is fixedly connected to the stepping part 32, so that the stepping part 32 can rotate with the rotation of the pedal support 312, so that the stepping part 32 is launched for use by personnel or articles, or used in emergency situations.
  • the stepping part 32 is folded away.
  • the pedal support 312 has a horizontal section 3121 and a connecting section 3122, and a positioning post 3123 is fixedly arranged on the connecting section 3122, wherein the positioning post 3123 can be integrally formed with the pedal support 312; the positioning post 3123 can also be installed on the pedal support 312 by screws.
  • a first connecting hole 31221 and a second connecting hole 31222 are opened at both ends of the connecting section 3122 , the first connecting hole 31221 is used for connecting with the support plate 311 , and the second connecting hole 31222 is used for connecting with the booster 313 .
  • a third connection hole 3111 is opened on the support plate 311.
  • the pedal support 312 is connected to the support plate 311, the first connection hole 31221 is coaxial with the third connection hole 3111, and the pedal is connected through the first connection piece 3131.
  • the support 312 is rotatably connected with the support plate 311 .
  • the supporting plate 311 and the pedal support 312 are both made of high-strength cast steel, so that the lifting device has higher rigidity and stability.
  • Steel castings are flexible in design, have the characteristics of the smallest stress concentration factor and the strongest overall structure, which improves engineering reliability; different heat treatment processes can be used to select mechanical properties and service properties in a wide range, and have good welding performance and processing performance.
  • the booster member 313 mainly functions as a booster support. And, when encountering an emergency and needing to pack up the stepping part 32 immediately, it is only necessary to apply force (it can be lifted by hand or hooked up with a foot) to lightly lift the stepping part 32, and the stepping part 32 can be quickly lifted under the action of the booster 3. put away.
  • one end of the booster member 313 is connected to the support plate 311 through a hinge seat (not labeled in the figure), and the other end of the booster member 313 is rotatably connected to the pedal support 312 through the second connecting member 3132 .
  • a receiving groove 31223 is provided on the connecting section 3122 of the pedal support 312, and the receiving groove 31223 is located between the first connecting hole 31221 and the second connecting hole 31222, and the booster 313 is located in the receiving groove 31223, and the booster 313 is in the The elongation and compression actions are realized in the receiving groove 31223 to avoid collision with the pedal support 312 .
  • first connecting part 3131 and the second connecting part 3132 are both pin shafts, rotating shafts or screws, so that when the pedal support 312 is connected to the support plate 311, it can rotate around the connecting points such as pin shafts, rotating shafts or screws; At the same time, the pedal support 312 can drive the power-assist member 313 to extend or compress.
  • the assisting member 313 is an elastic element.
  • the booster 313 can be a gas spring, which is mainly composed of a piston rod, a piston, a sealing guide sleeve, a filler, a pressure cylinder and a joint, etc., wherein the pressure cylinder is a closed cavity filled with an inert gas or an oil-gas mixture , the pressure in the cavity is several times or dozens of times the atmospheric pressure.
  • the pedal part 32 includes a pedal 321 oppositely arranged, the pedal 321 is arranged along the length direction of the pedal support 312, and can be detachably connected to the pedal support 312 or fixedly connected to the pedal support 312 on.
  • a fixing hole 31211 can be provided on the horizontal section 3121 of the pedal support 312, and the pedal 321 is fixedly connected in the fixing hole 31211 through a fastener 3212,
  • the horizontal section 3121 is located below the pedal 321 for carrying or lifting the pedal 321 .
  • the fastener 3212 may be connected by a countersunk head bolt or a screw, and after the connection, the surface of the pedal 321 is kept flat, which is convenient for people to step on or to place objects.
  • the pedal 321 When the pedal 321 is fixedly connected to the pedal support 312, the pedal 321 and the pedal support 312 can be welded to form an integrated structure, so that the pedal 321 can be folded along with the rotation of the pedal support 312 (as shown in Figure 12 shown) and the unfolded state (as shown in Figure 11).
  • connection points can be formed between the pedal 321 and the pedal support 312, as shown in Figure 8, the bottom and the end of the pedal 321 can be fixedly connected to the pedal support 312 superior.
  • the pedal 321 can be set as a whole, or it can be set as two pedals 321 oppositely, which are denoted as a left pedal and a right pedal, and are used for standing on the left and right feet of a person.
  • two corresponding pedal supports 312 and booster components 313 also need to be provided to control the stowed or unfolded states of the left pedal and the right pedal respectively.
  • a flange 3211 extending around the pedal 321 in a vertical direction is used to prevent people or objects from sliding down.
  • the flange 3211 is provided with a positioning hole 32111 matched with the positioning post 3123 , when the pedal 321 is installed on the pedal support 312 , the positioning post 3123 can be inserted into the positioning hole 32111 .
  • pre-positioning be provided for the installation of the pedal 321, making the installation more accurate and convenient, but also it can effectively prevent the pedal 321 from overturning due to connection failure during operation.
  • the support plate 311 may not be provided, and the pedal support 312 is directly connected to the lifting device, specifically, it may be connected to the lower part of the body of the lifting device, so it can be connected to any connection hole on the support plate 311 and The connectors can be converted to the body of the lifting device.
  • the assist member 313 When the pedal 321 is in the unfolded state (that is, when the pedal 321 is laid flat and is in a working state for personnel or items to use), the assist member 313 is compressed to the shortest (positioned at the shortest position); when the pedal 321 is in the folded state , apply an upward lifting force to the pedal 321, and as the pedal 321 is gradually lifted, the power-assisting member 313 gradually stretches to the longest state, until the limit position (at the longest position), and provides a certain support.
  • the booster member 313 can move from the shortest position to the longest position when receiving an external force, so that the pedal 321 can be switched between unfolded and folded.
  • the structure is simple and the operation is convenient.
  • the length of the booster 313 can be smoothly and flexibly transmitted with the increase or decrease of the load, so that the force value is basically kept inconvenient during the entire movement process, and the support or boosting stability is good.
  • the stepping part 32 also includes a sensor 322, the sensor 322 is installed between the pedal 321 and the pedal support 312 by bolts, and a person or object is located on the pedal 321, when the weight of the pedal 321 is overloaded , the sensor 322 is slightly deformed to realize signal output.
  • the sensor 322 is a weighing sensor, which is connected in communication with the controller, and can convert the weight information of the object or person carried on the pedal 321 into an electrical signal and transmit it to the controller as an input instruction for the operation of the lifting device.
  • the lifting equipment stops running and sends out an audible and visual alarm, and any operation of the lifting equipment in the overload state cannot be executed, which plays a role of safety protection.
  • the pedal part 32 further includes a limit assembly 323, the limit assembly 323 includes a limit switch 3231 and a trigger mechanism, the limit switch 3231 is electrically connected to the controller, and the trigger mechanism can be integrally Contraction, when the trigger mechanism hits the obstacle below (it can be a platform or a person) and contracts, it touches the limit switch 3231, and the limit switch 3231 transmits instructions to the controller, causing the controller to issue an alarm and control the lifting equipment to stop working. To realize the safety protection of lifting equipment.
  • the trigger mechanism includes a limit baffle 3232, a first link 3233 and a second link 3234, where the first link 3233 and the second link 3234 form a scissors structure after being connected to limit
  • the position baffle 3232 is arranged parallel to the pedal 321 through the scissors structure.
  • the limit baffle 3232 is set corresponding to the shape and quantity of the pedal 321.
  • the pedal 321 is a monolithic structure
  • the limit baffle 3232 is also a monolithic structure; when the pedal 321 is separately provided with two groups, the limit stop Two groups of plates 3232 are correspondingly arranged, and the two groups of limit baffles 3232 are respectively connected and arranged through two groups of trigger mechanisms.
  • the first connecting rod 3233 and the second connecting rod 3234 are arranged crosswise through the rotating shaft 3235; and the first connecting seat 3236 is independently arranged on the pedal 321, and two sets of second connecting seats 3237 are independently arranged on the limit stopper 3232 , the first connection seat 3236 and one of the second connection seats 3237 are arranged opposite to each other.
  • the connecting seat is independently provided to reduce the distance between the first connecting rod 3233 and the second connecting rod 3234, so that the scissors structure is more compact, the stability is strong, and the rigidity is better, so that the folding of the scissors structure smoother.
  • One end of the first connecting rod 3233 is rotatably connected to the first connecting seat 3236 through a pin or a bolt, and the other end of the first connecting rod 3233 is rotatably connected to one of the second connecting seats 3237 through a pin.
  • One end of the second connecting rod 3234 is rotatably connected to the pedal support 312 through a pin or a bolt, and the other end of the second connecting rod 3234 is rotatably connected to the other second connecting seat 3237 through a pin.
  • a slide groove (not labeled in the figure) is opened on the first connecting seat 3236 and one of the second connecting seats 3237, and the pin shaft or the bolt is slidably connected in the slide groove.
  • the limit baffle 3232 When the lifting device transports people or objects downwards, the limit baffle 3232 first touches the obstacle, the limit baffle 3232 stops moving downward, and the first connecting rod 3233 and the second connecting rod 3234 are connected in the chute by the pin or the bolt.
  • the inner horizontal movement reduces the angle between the two connecting rods, converts the vertical force into a horizontal force, removes the impact force of the pedal assembly 3, plays a buffer role, and protects the safety of equipment and personnel.
  • the limit baffle 3232 triggers the limit switch 3231 to stop the lifting device, which acts as a downward limit.
  • the limit switch 3231 can be a micro switch, which can realize the trigger limit function through a small mechanical force, so as to ensure the safe operation of the lifting equipment.
  • the number of the first connecting rod 3233 and the second connecting rod 3234 is set according to the structural size of the limit baffle 3232 and the pedal 321 , and can be set in one or more groups, which is not specifically limited.
  • a tension spring 324 is connected between the first connecting rod 3233 and the second connecting rod 3234.
  • the scissors structure is opened, and the extension spring 324 is stretched; when the pedal 321 is retracted, the extension spring 324 can recover the deformation, so that the scissors structure is automatically tightened, so that when the operator needs to climb over the lifting equipment, There is no need to separately compress the scissor structure, and the operation is more convenient.
  • first connecting rod 3233 and the second connecting rod 3234 are both curved, which is beautiful and convenient for the folding and shrinking of the scissors structure.
  • the present application provides a lifting system, including a guide rail, a driving device, and the lifting equipment described in any one of the above;
  • the lifting device is connected to the guide rail, and the driving device drives the wire rope to move to drive the lifting device to move up and down along the guide rail.
  • the lifting car body 1 of the present application is provided with an anti-fall component 11 and/or a mechanical locking component 12, that is, when the lifting device suddenly stalls and falls during operation, the anti-fall component 11 cooperates with the guide rail to lock the lifting car body 1 to the guide rail to avoid accidents and improve the safety of the lifting equipment; and, when the lifting car body 1 is provided with the anti-fall assembly 11 and the mechanical lock assembly 12, the mechanical lock assembly 12 can be used as a supplement to the anti-fall assembly 11 When the anti-fall component 11 fails, the lifting car body 1 stalls and falls to lock, effectively avoiding safety accidents caused by the failure of the anti-fall component 11; When stopped, the mechanical locking component 12 can be mechanically locked at any position on the guide rail, so that the operation safety of the lifting equipment is higher, and it fills the blank of the upward locking of the lifting equipment.
  • the present application centrally arranges the handrail switch 213 and the handrail key 214 on the handrail assembly 2, which can not only constrain the operator to hold the handrail assembly 2 with both hands, so as to improve the safety of the operator when taking the elevator, but also can ensure In case of emergency, the operator can directly control the armrest switch 213 (including pressing the emergency stop switch) on the armrest assembly 2, so as to avoid releasing the armrest assembly 2 with both hands or staying away from the armrest assembly 2, causing accidents to improve the safety of the lifting equipment. It can effectively prevent the control switch from being damaged.
  • the present application is provided with a booster 313 and a tension spring 324 on the pedal assembly 3, which can achieve better power-assisted support; setting the booster 313 can more conveniently move the Pedal 321 is put away.
  • the sliding damping always has a reverse force that hinders the operator; and the assisting member 313 is set in this application, and when the pedal 321 is retracted, the operator moves upward
  • the lifting force and the supporting force provided by the booster 313 are in the same direction, so it is relatively labor-saving and can provide assistance for the retraction of the pedal 321, especially when people need to avoid danger through the ladder passage in mid-air, which is more common than at present.
  • the selected sliding damping is more convenient and quicker.
  • the application has a more compact structure and a smaller volume. Compared with the currently used lifting equipment, it has higher operational stability, higher speed measurement accuracy and higher overall strength.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种升降设备及升降系统，升降设备包括升降车体、扶手组件和踏板组件，所述扶手组件和所述踏板组件分别可拆卸连接在所述升降车体上；其中，所述升降车体上设置有机械锁止组件，所述机械锁止组件通过按压的方式锁止于导轨的防坠孔内。本申请的安全性高，能够适应各个情况下的机械限位。并且，踏板组件通过设置助力件为踏板的抬起提供助力，能够在遇到紧急情况需立即收起踏板时，可快速收起踏板，操作省力，使用便捷，保证使用者快速处理异常情况，进而提高升降设备的使用安全性。

Description

升降设备及升降系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2021年8月11日提交的申请号为202110921199.1，发明名称为“升降设备及升降系统”的中国专利申请、申请号为202121879044.8，发明名称为“踏板装置及升降设备”的中国专利申请以及申请号为202110919795.6，发明名称为“锁止装置及升降设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，上述申请通过引用方式全部并入本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及攀爬装置技术领域，尤其涉及一种升降设备及升降系统。
背景技术
升降设备是一种利用电机驱动升降平台沿安装于建筑或者设备爬梯上的轨道上下运行，进行高空运送人员和物资作业的低速轻型起重机械。
现有的升降设备，在使用过程中发现以下问题：
1)升降设备在运行过程中容易出现晃动或者骤停现象，导致其平稳性较差；
2)升降设备的开关按钮设置不合理，当升降设备遇到紧急情况需要立即停止时，需要先确保操作人员站立安全才能用手去触碰急停开关，使用操作十分不便，并且存在较大的安全隐患；
3)升降设备结构设计较为分散，结构连接强度小，稳定性差；
4)升降设备的限位保护过于局限，只能通过急剧下降时候依靠防坠落装置的瞬时加速度锁止。但是经常存在防坠落装置打不开的情况，从而使锁止失效。
此外，目前，市场上常用的升降设备多数为踏板装置增加了摩擦阻尼的结构形式来保证踏板装置抬起后不会落下。
虽然采用该结构可以保证踏板装置抬起后不落下，但是摩擦阻尼的大小不易控制，遇紧急情况需立即收起踏板装置时操作费力，使用不便。
发明内容
本申请提供一种升降设备及升降系统，用以解决现有技术的上述至少一项技术缺陷，实现结构简单，操作方便，运行安全性高的升降设备。
为了实现上述目的，本申请的第一方面提供一种升降设备，包括升降车体、扶手组件和踏板组件，所述扶手组件和所述踏板组件分别可拆卸连接在所述升降车体上；
其中，所述升降车体上设置有机械锁止组件，
所述机械锁止组件包括锁止件、锁止座、锁止销轴和锁止弹簧，所述锁止件连接于所述锁止座,所述锁止座上开设有滑动腔，所述锁止销轴通过所述锁止弹簧连接于所述滑动腔内；
其中，锁止件通过被按压，将所述锁止销轴从滑动腔中释放并锁止于所述导轨的防坠孔内。根据本申请提供的升降设备，所述锁止件包括锁止按钮、锁止连杆、锁舌和座体，所述锁止连杆和所述锁舌均与所述座体连接，所述锁止连杆的一端连接所述锁止按钮，所述连杆的另一端与所述锁舌配合，用于控制所述锁舌在所述座体上旋转，所述座体连接于所述锁止座上；
并且，所述锁止座上开设有第一锁止槽，所述锁止销轴上开设有第二锁止槽，所述锁舌穿过所述第一锁止槽，与所述第二锁止槽相互分离，以将所述锁止销轴锁止于所述导轨的防坠孔内。
根据本申请提供的升降设备，所述机械锁止组件还包括将所述锁止销轴从所述防坠孔内抽出的解锁件，所述解锁件包括解锁拉环，所述解锁拉环通过连接件与所述锁止销轴相连，拉动所述解锁拉环，带动所述锁止销轴在所述滑动腔内滑动挤压所述锁止弹簧，以将所述锁舌卡在所述第二锁止槽内，使所述锁止销轴从所述防坠孔中抽出。
根据本申请提供的升降设备，所述升降车体上还设置有与导轨配合进行防坠落限位的防坠落组件。
根据本申请提供的升降设备，所述扶手组件上设置有扶手开关和扶手键，所述扶手开关和所述扶手键分别与所述升降设备上的发射器连接。
根据本申请提供的升降设备，所述扶手组件包括第一扶手和第二扶手；
其中，所述扶手开关包括挡位转换开关和急停开关，所述挡位转换开关设置在所述第一扶手和所述第二扶手中的一个扶手上，急停开关设置在所述第一扶手和所述第二扶手中的另一个扶手上。
根据本申请提供的升降设备，所述升降车体还设置有导向轮组件，所述导向轮组件包括至少一组导向轮。根据本申请提供的升降设备，所述升降车体上与所述导向轮同侧设置有防脱组件；
其中，所述防脱组件采用能够整体穿入导轨的防脱轮实现。
根据本申请提供的升降设备，所述升降车体上还设置有逃生板、防水控制盒、电池盒、平台触发器中的一种或多种。
根据本申请提供的升降设备，所述踏板组件包括支撑部和踩踏部，所述支撑部连接在所述升降车体上，所述踩踏部与所述支撑部连接。
根据本申请提供的升降设备，所述踩踏部包括踏板；
所述支撑部包括支撑板、踏板支座和助力件，所述支撑板连接在所述升降车体的下端；所述踏板支座一端连接在所述支撑板上，另一端连接在所述踏板下方；所述助力件的两端分别连接在所述支撑板和所述踏板支座上。
根据本申请提供的升降设备，所述踩踏部包括踏板；
所述支撑部包括踏板支座和助力件，所述踏板支座一端连接在所述升降车体上，另一端连接在所述踏板下方；所述助力件的两端分别连接在所述升降车体和所述踏板支座上。
根据本申请提供的升降设备，所述踏板支座包括水平段和连接段；
所述连接段上设有定位柱；
所述踏板上设有凸缘，所述凸缘上开设有与所述定位柱相配合的定位孔。
根据本申请提供的升降设备，所述连接段上开设有用于容纳所述助力件的容纳槽。
根据本申请提供的升降设备，所述助力件为弹性元件。
根据本申请提供的升降设备，所述踩踏部还包括称重传感器，所述传感器位于所述踏板与所述踏板支座之间。
根据本申请提供的升降设备，所述踏板组件还包括限位组件，所述限 位组件包括限位开关和触发机构，
所述触发机构能够收缩并触碰所述限位开关。
根据本申请提供的升降设备，所述触发机构包括限位挡板和剪叉结构，所述限位挡板通过所述剪叉结构与所述踏板平行设置；
所述剪叉结构包括第一连杆和第二连杆，所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆通过转轴交叉设置。
根据本申请提供的升降设备，所述踏板组件还包括限位组件，所述限位组件包括限位开关和触发机构，所述触发机构能够收缩并触碰所述限位开关。
根据本申请提供的升降设备，所述触发机构包括限位挡板和剪叉结构，所述限位挡板通过所述剪叉结构与所述踏板平行设置；
所述剪叉结构包括第一连杆和第二连杆，所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆通过转轴交叉设置。
根据本申请提供的升降设备，所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆的轮廓均为弧形，且在所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆之间连接有拉簧。
为了实现上述目的，本申请的第二方面提供一种升降系统，包括导轨、驱动装置、以及上述任一项所述的升降设备；
其中，所述升降设备连接在所述导轨上，所述驱动装置驱动钢丝绳移动带动升降设备沿导轨升降移动
本申请提供的升降设备，将扶手开关和扶手键集中设置在扶手组件上，不仅能够约束操作人员用双手握住扶手组件，以提高操作人员乘梯的安全性，而且能够确保在遇到紧急状况时，操作人员直接可以在扶手组件上扶手开关(包括按压急停开关)，避免双手松开扶手组件或者远离扶手组件，导致意外发生，以提高升降设备的使用安全性；同时能够有效防止控制开关被损坏。
另外，升降车体上设置有防坠落组件和/或机械锁止组件，即当升降设备运行过程中突然失速坠落时，防坠落组件配合导轨将升降车体锁止至导轨上，避免意外发生，提高升降设备的安全性；并且，当升降车体1上同时设置防坠落组件11和机械锁止组件12时，机械锁止组件能够作为防坠落组件的补充组件，在防坠落组件失效的情况下进行升降车体失速下坠的 锁止，有效避免因防坠落组件失效导致的安全事故；同时，升降设备在上行过程中如果遇到紧急状况无法及时停止时，机械锁止组件能够在导轨上的任意位置进行机械锁止，使升降设备的运行安全性更高，并填补了升降设备上行锁止的空白。
而且，踏板组件通过设置助力件为踏板的抬起提供助力，能够在遇到紧急情况需立即收起踏板时，可快速收起踏板，操作省力，使用便捷，保证使用者快速处理异常情况，进而提高升降设备的使用安全性。助力件能够使踏板在折叠和收起这两个状态之间切换，结构简单，操作方便，运动过程中力值基本保持不便，支撑或助力稳定性好。
进而，本申请提供的升降系统，因包含上述任一项所述的升降设备，因此具备上述的所有优势。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请提供的升降设备的结构示意图之一；
图2是图1中示出的升降设备的主视图；
图3是本申请提供的升降设备的结构示意图之二；
图4是本申请提供的升降设备的结构示意图之三；
图5是本申请提供的升降设备中第一盖体的结构示意图；
图6是本申请提供的升降设备中第一盖体的局部剖视图；
图7是本申请提供的升降设备中机械锁止组件的结构示意图；
图8是本申请提供的升降设备中踏板组件的结构示意图；
图9是本申请提供的升降设备中另一实施例中第一盖体的结构示意图；
图10是本申请提供的升降设备中踏板组件的分解示意图；
图11是本申请提供的升降设备中踏板组件的展开状态的示意图；
图12是本申请提供的升降设备中踏板组件的折叠状态的示意图；
图13是本申请提供的升降设备中机械锁止组件的使用状态示意图；
图14是本申请提供的升降设备中机械锁止组件的解锁状态示意图；
图15是本申请提供的升降设备中机械锁止组件的锁定状态示意图；
附图标记：
1：升降车体；        11：防坠落组件；      12：机械锁止组件；
121：锁止座；        122：锁止销轴；       1221：卡接部；
123：锁止弹簧；      124：滑动腔；         125：锁止连杆；
126：锁舌；          127：座体；           128：第一锁止槽；
129：第二锁止槽；    130：解锁拉环；       131：连接件；
132：锁止按钮；      13：本体；            14：第一盖体；
15：第二盖体；       16：安装孔；          17：导向轮；
18：防脱轮；         19：逃生板；          110：防水控制盒；
111：电池盒；        112：钢丝绳固定块；   113：平台触发器；
2：扶手组件；        21：第一扶手；        211：扶手立管；
212：手柄；          213：扶手开关；       22：第二扶手；
214：扶手键；        23：平台触发结构；    3：踏板组件；
31：支撑部；         311：支撑板；         3111：第三连接孔
312：踏板支座；      3121：水平段；        31211：固定孔；
3122：连接段；       31221：第一连接孔；   31222：第二连接孔；
31223：容纳槽；      3123：定位柱；        313：助力件；
3131：第一连接件；   3132：第二连接件      32：踩踏部；
321：踏板；          3211：凸缘；          32111：定位孔；
3212：紧固件；       322：传感器；         323：限位组件；
3231：限位开关；     3232：限位挡板；      3233：第一连杆；
3234：第二连杆；     3235：转轴；          3236：第一连接座；
3237：第二连接座；   324：拉簧；           4：导轨。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请中的附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体式连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。“第一”“第二”“第三”“第四”不代表任何的序列关系，仅是为了方便描述进行的区分。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。“当前”在执行某动作之时的时刻，文中出现多个当前，均为随时间流逝中实时记录。
下面结合图1至图15，对本申请的实施例进行描述。应当理解的是，以下描述仅是本申请的示意性实施方式，并未对本申请构成任何限定。
首先，结合图1至图4，对本申请总的技术方案进行详细说明，本申请实施例提供一种升降设备，包括升降车体1、扶手组件2和踏板组件3；扶手组件2和踏板组件3分别可拆卸连接在升降车体1上，其三者共同构成升降设备。升降车体1可以滑动连接在导轨上，并通过工作钢丝绳牵拉，能够沿着导轨的延伸方向升降移动，扶手组件2和踏板组件3与升降车体1同步移动，供物品运送或者单人升降移动进行高空作业。
其中，如图1所示，在升降车体1上设置有防坠落组件11和/或机械锁止组件12，防坠落组件11与导轨配合进行防坠落限位；机械锁止组件12能够可选择地(包括防坠落组件11失效的情况下)将机械锁止组件12伸出并限制在导轨上以实现机械限位，即当升降设备运行过程中突然失速坠落时，防坠落组件11配合导轨将升降车体1锁止至导轨上，避免升降设备制动失效，发生意外，提高升降设备的安全性；同时，当在升降车体1上设置防坠落组件11和机械锁止组件12时，机械锁止组件12能够作为防坠落组件11的补充组件，在防坠落组件11失效的情况下进行升降车体1失速下坠的锁止，有效避免因防坠落组件11失效导致的意外事故；而且， 升降设备在上行过程中如果遇到紧急状况无法及时停止时，机械锁止组件12能够在导轨上的任意位置进行机械锁止，使升降设备的运行安全性更高，并填补了升降设备上行锁止的空白。
另外，如图1所示，扶手组件2上设置有扶手开关213和扶手键214，扶手开关213和扶手键214分别与升降设备上的发射器连接。其中，扶手开关213，用于控制升降设备在导轨上进行上行和下行，以及将升降设备的运行控制方式切换为遥控控制或控制升降设备紧急状况下的制动，操作方便。并且，在扶手开关213转换到上行档位或下行档位中的任一状态下，触发扶手键214，可以实现控制升降设备在相应档位下运行。
详细参阅图1至图5，以及图7和图9，对本申请实施例中的升降车体1进行详细的说明。
升降车体1包括防罩壳体，防罩壳体为具有容纳腔的封闭式壳体，防罩壳体的形状可以设置为任意形状，在此不做具体限定。常用的防罩壳体形状为矩形或者正方形。
例如，如图1所示，防罩壳体可以由本体13和盖体封闭组成，本体13的横截面形状为矩形，盖体包括第一盖体14和第二盖体15，第一盖体14和第二盖体15分别设置在本体13的两端。其中，扶手组件2可拆卸连接在第一盖体14上，踏板组件3可拆卸连接在第二盖体15上或者靠近第二盖体15的本体13上。
其中，本体13、第一盖体14和第二盖体15可以一体成型设置，也可以单独设置，并通过螺栓或者其他连接结构固定在一起。
如图5所示，在第一盖体14上设置有供扶手组件2进行安装的安装孔16，或者在第一盖体14上形成有供扶手组件2进行安装的安装孔16，扶手组件2可以通过螺纹连接或者螺栓连接在该安装孔16内，使扶手组件2能够方便更换和拆卸。
如图1和图2所示，防坠落组件11和机械锁止组件12均位于本体13内，在本体13一侧(即靠近导轨的一侧)开设有防坠落槽(图中未标号)和机械锁止孔(图中未标号)，防坠落组件11从该防坠落槽伸出本体13的外侧，升降设备在导轨上失速下坠时，防坠落组件11卡在导轨上实现制动；机械锁止组件12固定连接在本体13上，并从该机械锁止孔伸出本 体13的外侧，当升降设备需要制动时，机械锁止组件12继续向外伸出，直至卡在导轨上实现限位。
具体的，防坠落组件11固定连接在本体13上，具体的，可以通过螺栓或者螺钉固定连接在本体13内位于防坠落槽的周边。防坠落组件11包括离心甩块(图中未标号)、弹簧(图中未标号)和测速轮(图中未标号)，离心甩块、弹簧和测速轮共同构成了离心甩块结构，升降设备失速下坠时，离心甩块结构甩出限制在导轨上。
相对应的在导轨上布满大小间隔一致的防坠孔(图中未示出)，离心甩块与防坠孔配合实现限位；测速轮用于测定升降车体1的下降速度。
正常速度情况下，防坠落组件11处于关闭状态，也即离心甩块收纳于防坠落组件11中；当升降车体1沿着导轨向下运行时，测速轮沿着导轨旋转运行并带动离心甩块结构的离心甩块旋转，当升降车体1发生失速下坠时，也即升降设备的下降速度超过设定的速度阈值时，离心甩块结构的离心甩块克服弹簧的拉力向外甩开，瞬间锁止在防坠孔内，将升降设备锁止在导轨上。
如图7、图13、图14和图15所示，机械锁止组件12包括锁止座121、锁止销轴122和锁止弹簧123，锁止座121开设有滑动腔124，锁止销轴122通过锁止弹簧123连接于滑动腔124内。
其中，锁止销轴122的可以伸入导轨的防坠孔内的端部也称为卡接部1221。
其中，机械锁止组件12还包括锁止件，锁止件包括锁止按钮132、锁止连杆125、锁舌126和座体127，锁止连杆125和锁舌126均与座体127活动连接，座体127通过螺钉或螺栓固定连接在锁止座121上，锁止连杆125的一端连接锁止按钮132，可以通过按下锁止按钮132，控制锁止连杆125的另一端与锁舌126配合，实现锁舌126在座体127上旋转。
在锁止座121上开设有第一锁止槽128，在锁止销轴122上开设有第二锁止槽129，锁舌126穿过第一锁止槽128，并与第二锁止槽129相互分离或卡接，实现锁止或解锁功能。当机械锁止组件12需要启动锁止功能时，按下锁止连杆125，锁止连杆125带动锁舌126在座体127上旋转一定角度，使锁舌126与第二锁止槽129分离，锁止销轴122在锁止弹簧 123的推力下弹出，使锁止销轴122的端部卡在导轨的防坠孔内，实现机械锁止组件12的自由限位。
另外，机械锁止组件12还包括解锁件，解锁件包括解锁拉环130，解锁拉环130通过连接件131与锁止销轴122相连，并能够拉动锁止销轴122在锁止座121内滑动挤压锁止弹簧123。连接件131可以为杆件或者绳子，连接件131的一端与解锁拉环130固定相连，另一端与锁止销轴122固定相连，使锁止销轴122能够随着解锁拉环130的移动进行移动。
当机械锁止组件12需要启动解锁功能时，用力拉动解锁拉环130，解锁拉环130通过连接件131带动锁止销轴122在锁止座121内滑动，挤压锁止弹簧123，使锁止销轴122的端部从导轨的防坠孔中抽出，同时，解锁拉环130通过连接件131带动锁止销轴122在锁止座121内继续滑动，当锁舌126与第二锁止槽129相互接触并卡在第二锁止槽129内时，完成解锁动作。如图14和图15所示，当机械锁止组件12处于解锁状态时，由于锁止销轴122的卡接部1221的长度有限，为了实现在向下按压锁止按钮132后，锁止连杆125带动锁舌126在座体127上旋转一定的角度，使得卡接部1221在锁止弹簧123的作用下远离锁止座121，锁止销轴122的卡接部1221会卡接到导轨4的锁止孔内，卡接部1221在处于解锁状态时需要设置在导轨4的滑槽内，并且卡接部1221的外端，即伸入导轨的锁止孔的一端距离导轨4上的锁止孔预设距离，该预设距离使得卡接部1221在锁定状态下能够卡接到锁止孔内，实现机械锁止限位。
在一些实施例中，可以通过调整锁止销轴122的卡接部1221的长度和配合锁止的第二锁止槽129的长度，实现在解锁状态下，将卡接部1221的外端面对准导轨4的滑槽，并距离导轨4的滑槽一定距离，在向下按压锁止按钮132后，锁止连杆125带动锁舌126在座体127上旋转一定的角度，使得卡接部1221在锁止弹簧123的作用下远离锁止座121，锁止销轴122的卡接部1221会卡接到导轨4的锁止孔内，实现机械锁止限位。即，卡接部1221在处于解锁状态时可以不在导轨4的滑槽内，同样在锁定状态下能够卡接到锁止孔内，实现机械锁止限位。
上述机械锁止组件12是完全独立于防坠落组件11的锁止结构，不仅能够弥补防坠落组件11失效无法锁止的不足，即当升降设备发生意外情 况时，能够实现紧急制动；而且能够实现升降设备上行或下行两个方向、任意位置的机械锁止，结构简单、操作简便。
在一些实施例中，锁止座121和锁止销轴122的结构可以为圆柱体、长方体或各种异型体。
锁止销轴122的端部形状可以根据导轨上开设的防坠孔的形状确定，可以是任何形态或任何形状的结构，且锁止销轴122的长度以及机械锁止组件12的整体长度可以根据使用情况作出相应的调整。
详细参阅图1和图2，对本申请实施例中的扶手组件2进行详细的说明。
如图1所示，在本实施例中，扶手组件2包括第一扶手21(可以理解为左扶手)和第二扶手22(可以理解为右扶手)，第一扶手21和第二扶手22分别连接在第一盖体14上预设的安装孔16内。
其中，如图1所示，第一扶手21和第二扶手22均包括扶手立管211和手柄212，扶手立管211一端插入安装孔16内，可以通过螺栓固定；或者将安装孔16设置为螺纹孔，并在扶手立管211一端攻外螺纹，使扶手立管211螺纹连接在安装孔16内，扶手立管211另一端为自由端，手柄212安装在该自由端。
扶手开关213包括挡位转换开关和急停开关，其中，可以在第一扶手21和第二扶手22的其中一个手柄212上设置档位转换开关，另一个手柄上设置急停开关，并且挡位转换开关和急停开关分别通过螺栓固定安装在手柄212上预设的嵌入孔内，只要确保使用过程中，能够一只手控制档位转换开关，另一只手控制急停开关即可。具体的，档位转换开关和急停开关分别与升降设备上的发射器电性连接。
作为优选，本实施例中的挡位转换开关为三档位开关，也即具有三个挡位可以调节，即上行、下行和遥控控制，能够实现升降设备的上行、下行和遥控控制档位的切换。
急停开关，使升降设备在任何情况下，均能够立即停止动作，用于发生突发情况时，立即停止升降设备，以防止扩大损失。
其中，扶手键214分别安装在第一扶手21和第二扶手22上，包括键柄、键转轴、键弹簧和键开关，键柄通过键转轴转动连接在手柄212上， 键弹簧安装于键柄和手柄212之间，键开关安装在手柄212上。需要双手同时按压键柄才能将升降设备启动，松开任意一个键柄，采用单手按压键柄，会使升降设备停止运行，即单手按压键柄无法启动升降设备，进而约束运行人员的双手，使运行人员的双手在升降设备运行过程中始终位于扶手组件2上，避免运行人员单手扶持造成意外，以确保升降设备运行安全。
扶手键214在工作过程中，通过按压键柄，使键柄压缩键弹簧发生形变，同时键柄绕键转轴转动，并向键开关靠近，以触发键开关从常开状态转换为闭合状态，此时再通过升降设备上的发射器中预先设置好的控制程序，实现控制升降设备的运行。当停止按压键柄后，键弹簧复位，带动键柄回到原位，此时键柄会脱离键开关，从而使得相应的键开关恢复至常开状态，进而无法满足升降设备上的发射器中预先设置好的控制程序，使得升降设备停止运行。
在本实施例中，为了使各个部件能够更方便的嵌入手柄212中，将手柄212设置为可拆卸连接的两部分，即第一柄体和第二柄体，第一柄体和第二柄体可以通过螺栓或自身的定位柱固定在扶手立管211上。
在本实施例中，如图1所示，扶手组件2还包括平台触发结构23，平台触发结构23通过销轴固定连接在其中一个扶手上，当升降设备向上运行碰到障碍物时，平台触发结构23能够触发开关使升降设备停止运行，以防止升降设备损坏。
扶手开关213和扶手键214设置在扶手组件2的上部，与操作人员手接触的位置相背的一侧，能够减少因操作人员施力过大导致扶手开关213和扶手键破损的风险；同时当升降设备在冲顶或下坠过程中，避免操作人员越过升降设备在攀爬过程中踩踏扶手开关213和扶手键导致其破损的风险。
与现有技术相比，本申请中将扶手开关213和扶手键214集中设置在扶手组件2上，不仅能够约束操作人员用双手握住扶手组件2，以提高操作人员在升降设备上的安全性，而且能够确保在遇到紧急状况时，操作人员可以直接在扶手组件2上控制升降设备紧急制动(包括按压急停开关)，避免双手松开扶手组件2或者远离扶手组件2去触摸开关，导致意外事件发生，以提高升降设备的使用安全性。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，本体13上与防坠落槽同侧(也即靠近导轨的一侧)还设置有导向轮组件，导向轮组件包括至少一组导向轮17，当设置有多组导向轮17时，导向轮17沿着本体13的高度方向分布。
其中，导向轮组件中的导向轮17分别通过螺栓连接到本体13上，且导向轮17具有“U”型槽，导轨能够嵌入该“U”型槽内，实现导向作用，使升降车体1能够沿着导轨的延伸方向移动。
本一些实施例中，本体13上与导向轮17同侧还设置有防脱组件，防脱组件用于防止本体13从导轨上脱落，进一步提高设备运行的稳定性。
具体的，如图3所示，防脱出组件通过螺栓固定安装在升降车体1的本体13上，防脱出组件具体为防脱轮18，防脱轮18能够整体穿入导轨中。可以这样理解，防脱轮18具有轮槽，导轨上设置有与轮槽相配合滑动的边缘部，轮槽可以卡在该边缘部上，以防止升降车体1运行过程中从导轨上滑出，使升降设备整体结构的运行更稳定。
在一些实施例中，如图4所示，本体13两侧还设置有逃生板19，逃生板19固定安装在本体13的两侧，其可以通过螺栓固定，或者焊接固定。
逃生板19的设置位置和设置数量，通过本体13的高度来决定；比如，本体13高度越高，沿着升降车体1的高度方向间隔设置在升降车体1两侧的逃生板19数量越多。
逃生板19能够保证升降设备在应急状态下，或者升降设备停在导轨上无法运行时，人员在向上或者向下采用三点接触式移动进行逃生，避免升降设备挡在人员和爬梯之间导致逃生不便，从而保证人员的安全。
为了进一步提高逃生板19的安全性，可以在逃生板19的表面设置防滑层(图中未示出)，以提高逃生板19的防磨性。
在本实施例中，如图1所示，本体13内设置有防水控制盒110，防水控制盒110内设置有各个控制元件以及控制器，用于升降设备各个组成部件的控制。
在一些实施例中，如图1所示，还可以在本体13一侧或者两侧通过螺钉或者铆钉固定安装有电池盒111，电池盒111内容纳有供电电池，能够随时拆卸更换，并为升降车体1提供所需电能。
在本实施例中，第一盖体14上设置有钢丝绳固定块112，用于牵引工 作钢丝绳。通过外力驱动工作钢丝绳，使工作钢丝绳在钢丝绳固定块112上移动，并同时带动升降车体1沿导轨的延伸方向进行升降移动。
需要说明的是，本实施例中除了采用工作钢丝绳驱动升降车体1在导轨上移动以外，还可以采用其他任意的控制方式进行控制，比如，采用齿轮齿条驱动的形式进行升降车体1的升降控制。
如图9所示，在一些实施例中，为了使升降车体1的结构更为紧凑，体积减小，稳定性更好，将机械锁止组件12的外壳通过压溃的方式集成在钢丝绳固定块112上，并且使钢丝绳固定块112与第一盖体14一体成型，再通过螺钉或者螺栓将其固定在本体13上。
在一些实施例中，如图1所示，本申请的升降设备还包括平台触发器113，平台触发器113位于本体13内，从导向轮17一侧伸出本体13并延伸至本体13外侧。当升降车体1向上或向下运行时，平台触发器113经过平台被触发时，给升降车体1的控制器发送指令或信号，使控制器控制升降车体1降速并发出警报，等升降设备安全通过平台之后又恢复原有速度；另外当升降车体1运行到最上或最下极限位置时平台触发器113也会被触发，让升降设备停止运行。
详细参阅图3、图8、图10、图11和图12，对本申请实施例中的踏板组件3进行具体的说明。
在本实施例中，如图8所示，踏板组件3包括支撑部31和踩踏部32，支撑部31连接在升降车体1上，踩踏部32与支撑部31可拆卸连接；使用过程中，人员或者物品站立于踩踏部32上。
如图8所示，具体的，支撑部31包括支撑板311、踏板支座312和助力件313，支撑板311连接在升降车体1的本体13下端，支撑板311与本体13的连接可以采用螺栓固定连接，也可以直接焊接在本体13上。
踏板支座312的横截面形状为“L”型，固定连接踩踏部32，用于托举踩踏部32，踏板支座312的一端转动连接在支撑板311上，并能够围绕与支撑板311的连接点转动。
踏板支座312的另一端固定连接在踩踏部32上，使得踩踏部32能够随踏板支座312的转动进行转动，实现踩踏部32展开以供人员或者物品使用，或者在遇到紧急情况时使踩踏部32折叠收起。
如图10所示，具体的，踏板支座312具有水平段3121和连接段3122，在连接段3122上固定设置有定位柱3123，其中，定位柱3123可以与踏板支座312一体成型；定位柱3123也可以通过螺钉安装在踏板支座312上。
在连接段3122的两端开设有第一连接孔31221和第二连接孔31222，第一连接孔31221用于和支撑板311连接，第二连接孔31222用于和助力件313的连接。
具体的，支撑板311上开设有第三连接孔3111，当踏板支座312与支撑板311相连时，第一连接孔31221与第三连接孔3111共轴线，并通过第一连接件3131将踏板支座312与支撑板311转动连接。
在一些实施例中，支撑板311和踏板支座312的材质均为高强度铸钢件，使升降设备具有更高的刚度和稳定性。铸钢件设计灵活，具有最小的应力集中系数以及整体结构性最强等特点，提高了工程可靠性；可以通过不同的热处理工艺在较大的范围内选择力学性能和使用性能，并有良好的焊接性能和加工性能。
在一些实施例中，助力件313主要起到助力支撑的作用。并且，当遇到紧急情况需要立即收起踩踏部32时，只需要施加力(可以用手抬起或者用脚勾起)轻抬踩踏部32，踩踏部32可在助力件3的作用下迅速收起。
具体的，如图10所示，助力件313的一端通过铰接座(图中未标号)连接在支撑板311上，助力件313的另一端通过第二连接件3132转动连接在踏板支座312的第二连接孔31222内。并且，在踏板支座312的连接段3122上开设有容纳槽31223，容纳槽31223位于第一连接孔31221和第二连接孔31222之间，助力件313位于该容纳槽31223内，助力件313在容纳槽31223内实现伸长和压缩动作，避免与踏板支座312发生碰撞。
其中，第一连接件3131和第二连接件3132均为销轴、转轴或螺钉，以使踏板支座312连接在支撑板311上时，可以围绕销轴、转轴或螺钉等连接点进行转动；同时可以使踏板支座312带动助力件313伸长或压缩。
更为具体的，助力件313为弹性元件。作为优选，助力件313可以为气弹簧，主要由活塞杆、活塞、密封导向套、填充物、压力缸和接头等部分组成，其中压力缸为密闭的腔体，内部充有惰性气体或者油气混合物，腔体内的压力是大气压的几倍或者几十倍。
如图8所示，具体的，踩踏部32包括相对设置的踏板321，踏板321沿着踏板支座312的长度方向设置，并且可以可拆卸连接在踏板支座312上或者固定连接在踏板支座312上。
其中，当踏板321采用可拆卸连接方式连接在踏板支座312上时，可以在踏板支座312的水平段3121上开设固定孔31211，踏板321通过紧固件3212固定连接在固定孔31211内，使水平段3121位于踏板321的下方，用于承载或托举踏板321。作为优选，紧固件3212可以为沉头螺栓或者螺钉连接，连接之后使踏板321表面保持平齐，便于人员踩踏或者物品放置。
当踏板321采用固定连接方式连接在踏板支座312上时，可以将踏板321与踏板支座312焊接形成一体结构，使踏板321随着踏板支座312的转动进行收起状态(如图12所示)和展开状态(如图11所示)的转换。
为了使踏板321的连接更为稳定，可以使踏板321和踏板支座312之间形成多个连接点，如图8所示，可以将踏板321的底部和端部均固定连接在踏板支座312上。
在一些实施例中，踏板321可以设置为一个整体，也可以相对设置为两个踏板321，记为左踏板和右踏板，供人员的左脚和右脚站立使用，相应的，当踏板321设为独立的两个时，相对应的踏板支座312和助力件313也需要设置两个，分别控制左踏板和右踏板的收起或者展开状态。
在一些实施例中，如图10所示，踏板321四周沿竖直方向延伸设有凸缘3211，用于阻挡人员或者物品滑落。凸缘3211上开设有与定位柱3123相配合的定位孔32111，当踏板321安装于踏板支座312上时，定位柱3123能够插入定位孔32111内。不仅可以为踏板321的安装提供预定位，使安装更为准确方便，而且可以有效防止踏板321在运行过程中因连接失效而引起倾覆。
另外，在一些实施例中，可以不用设置支撑板311，踏板支座312直接连接在升降设备上，具体可以连接在升降设备车体的下方，因此能够连接在支撑板311上的任何连接孔和连接件均可以转换到升降设备车体上。当踏板321处于展开状态时(也即踏板321放平处于工作状态供人员或者物品使用的状态时)，助力件313被压缩到最短(位于最短位置)；当踏板321处于折叠收起的状态时，给踏板321施加向上抬起的力，随着踏板 321被逐步抬起，助力件313逐步伸长到最长状态，直到极限位置(位于最长位置)，并为踏板321折叠之后，提供一定的支撑助力。
可以理解为，助力件313在受到外力时，能够从最短的位置向最长的位置运动，从而使踏板321在展开和折叠收起这两个状态之间切换，结构简单，操作方便。并且助力件313在有效的行程内，长度随着载荷的增加或者减小，均能够进行平稳的柔性传递，使整个运动过程中力值基本保持不便，支撑或助力稳定性好。
在一些实施例中，如图8所示，踩踏部32还包括传感器322，传感器322通过螺栓安装在踏板321与踏板支座312之间，人员或物体位于踏板321上，当踏板321的承重超载时，传感器322发生轻微变形，实现信号输出。
作为优选，传感器322为称重传感器，其与控制器通信连接，能够将踏板321上运载物体或人员的重量信息转化为电信号并传输给控制器，作为升降设备运行的输入指令，负载超过设定的额定载荷后，升降设备停止运行并发出声光报警，并且过载状态下操作升降设备任何动作均不能被执行，起到安全防护的作用。
在一些实施例中，如图8所示，踩踏部32还包括限位组件323，限位组件323包括限位开关3231和触发机构，限位开关3231与控制器电性连接，触发机构能够整体收缩，当触发机构碰到下方的障碍物(可以为平台或人员)收缩之后触碰到限位开关3231，限位开关3231向控制器传输指令，使控制器发出警报并控制升降设备停止工作，来实现升降设备的安全防护。
如图8所示，具体的，触发机构包括限位挡板3232，第一连杆3233和第二连杆3234，其中第一连杆3233和第二连杆3234连接之后构成剪叉结构，限位挡板3232通过该剪叉结构与踏板321平行设置。
其中，限位挡板3232对应踏板321的形状和数量设置，比如踏板321为一整块结构时间，限位挡板3232同样为整块结构；当踏板321分开设置有两组时，限位挡板3232对应设置有两组，并且两组限位挡板3232分别通过两组触发机构连接设置。
其中，第一连杆3233和第二连杆3234通过转轴3235交叉设置；并 且在踏板321上独立设置有第一连接座3236，在限位挡板3232上独立设置有两组第二连接座3237，第一连接座3236和其中一组第二连接座3237相对设置。
由于限位挡板3232覆盖整个踏板321区域，相比现有技术中，第一连杆3233和第二连杆3234直接连接在限位挡板3232上，使剪叉结构之间的距离增大，剪叉结构变宽，整体结构松垮稳定性较差。因此本申请中，独立设置连接座，减小第一连杆3233和第二连杆3234之间的距离，使剪叉结构更为紧凑，稳定性强，刚性较好，使剪叉结构的折叠更顺畅。
第一连杆3233的一端与第一连接座3236通过销轴或螺栓转动连接，第一连杆3233的另一端与其中一个第二连接座3237通过销轴转动连接。
第二连杆3234的一端与踏板支座312通过销轴或螺栓转动连接，第二连杆3234的另一端与其中另一个第二连接座3237通过销轴转动连接。
并且在第一连接座3236和其中一个第二连接座3237上开设有滑槽(图中未标号)，销轴或螺栓滑动连接在该滑槽内。
当升降设备向下运输人或物体时，限位挡板3232首先接触到障碍，限位挡板3232停止向下运动，第一连杆3233和第二连杆3234通过销轴或螺栓在滑槽内水平移动，使两个连杆之间的角度缩小，将竖向作用力转化为水平作用力，卸掉了踏板组件3的冲击力，起到缓冲的作用，保护设备和人员的安全。
进而，当两个连杆之间的角度继续缩小时，限位挡板3232触发限位开关3231，使升降设备停止运行，起到下行限位的作用。
具体的，限位开关3231可以为微动开关，通过微小的机械力就能够实现触发限位功能，确保升降设备的安全运行。
需要说明的是，第一连杆3233和第二连杆3234的数量根据限位挡板3232和踏板321的结构大小进行设置，可以设置为一组或多组，不做具体限定。
另外，如图8所示，为了使触发机构的缓冲效果更好，在第一连杆3233和第二连杆3234之间连接有拉簧324，当踏板321放平之后，踏板321在重力作用下，剪叉结构张开，拉簧324被拉伸；当踏板321收起之后，拉簧324能够恢复形变，使剪叉结构自动收紧，这样，当操作人员需要越 过升降设备攀爬时，就不必单独压缩剪叉结构，操作更方便。
并且，第一连杆3233和第二连杆3234的外部轮廓均为曲线，美观的同时便于剪叉结构的折叠收缩。
作为一个实施例，本申请提供一种升降系统，包括导轨、驱动装置、以及上述任意一项所述的升降设备；
其中，所述升降设备连接在所述导轨上，所述驱动装置驱动钢丝绳移动带动升降设备沿导轨升降移动。
本申请的发明点在于：
首先，本申请的升降车体1上设置有防坠落组件11和/或机械锁止组件12，即当升降设备运行过程中突然失速坠落时，防坠落组件11配合导轨将升降车体1锁止至导轨上，避免意外发生，提高升降设备的安全性；并且，当升降车体1上同时设置防坠落组件11和机械锁止组件12时，机械锁止组件12能够作为防坠落组件11的补充组件，在防坠落组件11失效的情况下进行升降车体1失速下坠的锁止，有效避免因防坠落组件11失效导致的安全事故；同时，升降设备在上行过程中如果遇到紧急状况无法及时停止时，机械锁止组件12能够在导轨上的任意位置进行机械锁止，使升降设备的运行安全性更高，并填补了升降设备上行锁止的空白。
其次，本申请将扶手开关213和扶手键214集中设置在扶手组件2上，不仅能够约束操作人员用双手握住扶手组件2，以提高操作人员乘梯的安全性，而且能够确保在遇到紧急状况时，操作人员直接可以在扶手组件2上控制扶手开关213(包括按压急停开关)，避免双手松开扶手组件2或者远离扶手组件2，导致意外发生，以提高升降设备的使用安全性，能够有效防止控制开关损坏。
再者，本申请在踏板组件3上设置有助力件313和拉簧324，能够实现较好的助力支撑作用；设置助力件313相比现有技术中选用的滑动阻尼，均能够更方便的将踏板321收起。
因为，滑动阻尼的方式无论是踏板321抬起，还是踏板321放下，滑动阻尼始终具有阻碍操作人员的反向作用力；而本申请中设置助力件313，当踏板321收起时，操作人员向上抬的力与助力件313提供的支撑力是同向的，因此较为省力，能够为踏板321的收起提供助力，特别是人员在半 空中遇特殊情况需要通过爬梯通道避险时，比目前普遍选用的滑动阻尼要更加方便快捷。
最后，本申请结构更为紧凑，体积较小，相对于目前使用的升降设备，运行稳定性更高，具备更高的测速精度和更高的整体强度。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请实施例的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种升降设备，其特征在于，包括升降车体、扶手组件和踏板组件，所述扶手组件和所述踏板组件分别可拆卸连接在所述升降车体上；
    其中，所述升降车体上设置有机械锁止组件，所述机械锁止组件包括锁止件、锁止座、锁止销轴和锁止弹簧，所述锁止件连接于所述锁止座,所述锁止座上开设有滑动腔，所述锁止销轴通过所述锁止弹簧连接于所述滑动腔内；
    其中，锁止件通过被按压，将所述锁止销轴从滑动腔中释放并锁止于所述导轨的防坠孔内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的升降设备，其特征在于，所述锁止件包括锁止按钮、锁止连杆、锁舌和座体，所述锁止连杆和所述锁舌均与所述座体连接，所述锁止连杆的一端连接所述锁止按钮，所述连杆的另一端与所述锁舌配合，用于控制所述锁舌在所述座体上旋转，所述座体连接于所述锁止座上；
    并且，所述锁止座上开设有第一锁止槽，所述锁止销轴上开设有第二锁止槽，所述锁舌穿过所述第一锁止槽，与所述第二锁止槽相互分离，以将所述锁止销轴锁止于所述导轨的防坠孔内。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的升降设备，其特征在于，所述机械锁止组件还包括将所述锁止销轴从所述防坠孔内抽出的解锁件，所述解锁件包括解锁拉环，所述解锁拉环通过连接件与所述锁止销轴相连，拉动所述解锁拉环，带动所述锁止销轴在所述滑动腔内滑动挤压所述锁止弹簧，以将所述锁舌卡在所述第二锁止槽内，使所述锁止销轴从所述防坠孔中抽出。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的升降设备，其特征在于，所述升降车体上还设置有与导轨配合进行防坠落限位的防坠落组件。
  5. 根据权利要求1或4所述的升降设备，其特征在于，所述扶手组件上设置有扶手开关和扶手键，所述扶手开关和所述扶手键分别与所述升降设备上的发射器连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的升降设备，其特征在于，所述扶手组件包括第一扶手和第二扶手；
    其中，所述扶手开关包括挡位转换开关和急停开关，所述挡位转换开 关设置在所述第一扶手和所述第二扶手中的一个扶手上，急停开关设置在所述第一扶手和所述第二扶手中的另一个扶手上。
  7. 根据权利要求1或6所述的升降设备，其特征在于，所述升降车体还设置有导向轮组件，所述导向轮组件包括至少一组导向轮。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的升降设备，其特征在于，所述升降车体上与所述导向轮同侧设置有防脱组件；
    其中，所述防脱组件采用能够整体穿入导轨的防脱轮实现。
  9. 根据权利要求1或8所述的升降设备，其特征在于，所述升降车体上还设置有逃生板、防水控制盒、电池盒、平台触发器中的一种或多种。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的升降设备，其特征在于，所述踏板组件包括支撑部和踩踏部，所述支撑部连接在所述升降车体上，所述踩踏部与所述支撑部连接。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的升降设备，其特征在于，所述踩踏部包括踏板；
    所述支撑部包括支撑板、踏板支座和助力件，所述支撑板连接在所述升降车体的下端；所述踏板支座一端连接在所述支撑板上，另一端连接在所述踏板下方；所述助力件的两端分别连接在所述支撑板和所述踏板支座上。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的升降设备，其特征在于，所述踩踏部包括踏板；
    所述支撑部包括踏板支座和助力件，所述踏板支座一端连接在所述升降车体上，另一端连接在所述踏板下方；所述助力件的两端分别连接在所述升降车体和所述踏板支座上。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的升降设备，其特征在于，所述踏板支座包括水平段和连接段；
    所述连接段上设有定位柱；
    所述踏板上设有凸缘，所述凸缘上开设有与所述定位柱相配合的定位孔。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的升降设备，其特征在于，所述连接段上开设有用于容纳所述助力件的容纳槽。
  15. 根据权利要求11或12所述的升降设备，其特征在于，所述助力件为弹性元件。
  16. 根据权利要求11或12所述的升降设备，其特征在于，所述踩踏部还包括称重传感器，所述传感器位于所述踏板与所述踏板支座之间。
  17. 根据权利要求10至16中任意一项所述的升降设备，其特征在于，所述踏板组件还包括限位组件，所述限位组件包括限位开关和触发机构，所述触发机构能够收缩并触碰所述限位开关。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的升降设备，其特征在于，所述触发机构包括限位挡板和剪叉结构，所述限位挡板通过所述剪叉结构与所述踏板平行设置；
    所述剪叉结构包括第一连杆和第二连杆，所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆通过转轴交叉设置。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的升降设备，其特征在于，所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆之间连接有拉簧。
  20. 一种升降系统，其特征在于，包括导轨、驱动装置、以及权利要求1至19任意一项所述的升降设备；
    其中，所述升降设备连接在所述导轨上，所述驱动装置驱动钢丝绳移动并带动升降设备沿导轨升降移动。
PCT/CN2021/123063 2021-08-11 2021-10-11 升降设备及升降系统 WO2023015713A1 (zh)

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