WO2023011782A1 - Beschichtungsanlage zur beschichtung eines gegenstands, verfahren zum beschichten eines gegenstands sowie verwendung - Google Patents
Beschichtungsanlage zur beschichtung eines gegenstands, verfahren zum beschichten eines gegenstands sowie verwendung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023011782A1 WO2023011782A1 PCT/EP2022/065710 EP2022065710W WO2023011782A1 WO 2023011782 A1 WO2023011782 A1 WO 2023011782A1 EP 2022065710 W EP2022065710 W EP 2022065710W WO 2023011782 A1 WO2023011782 A1 WO 2023011782A1
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- WO
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- Prior art keywords
- coating
- nozzle
- section
- evaporation
- evaporation section
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001912 gas jet deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011364 vaporized material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 48
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910020968 MoSi2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011153 ceramic matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
- C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
- C23C14/325—Electric arc evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/228—Gas flow assisted PVD deposition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
- C23C14/243—Crucibles for source material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/56—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks
- C23C14/562—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks for coating elongated substrates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/36—Coil arrangements
Definitions
- Coating system for coating an object for coating an object
- the invention is aimed at a coating system for coating an object.
- the invention is also directed to a method for coating an object and to a use.
- a coating installation to which the invention is directed has a coating chamber through which the object to be coated can be passed.
- the coating chamber preferably has a heated coating channel.
- the coating installation has a device for the gas phase deposition of material.
- the device for the gas phase deposition of material has at least one evaporation section.
- the evaporation section serves to prepare a material provided as a starting material by evaporation in such a way that it is partially or completely in the gas phase.
- the material brought into the gas phase by evaporation can then reach the surface of the object to be coated that is intended for the coating, in order to contribute to the layer formation there.
- the device for the vapor deposition of material also has a nozzle section which is coupled to the evaporation section.
- the nozzle section serves the function of directing the material brought into the vapor phase in the vaporization section in the direction of the surface to be coated.
- the material in the gas phase is directed toward a surface of the article to be coated and out from within the coating chamber opening nozzle outlet of the nozzle section left out of this.
- the surface of the object to be coated is coated by the object being guided through the coating chamber past the nozzle outlet and being coated with material present in the gas phase flowing out of the nozzle outlet, by the material present in the gas phase condensing on the surface of the object and thereby forms the desired coating.
- a conceptually simple approach is to thermally vaporize a feedstock, which is then fed to and through the nozzle section.
- a pressure difference between the evaporation section and the coating chamber contributes to the movement of the material present in the gas phase.
- a carrier gas stream for example an inert gas, can also be used through the vaporization section and then through the nozzle section to transport the vaporized material.
- An example of a device for the gas phase deposition of material is a jet vapor deposition system, by which the person skilled in the art understands a system in which the coating material is brought into the gas phase by means of thermal evaporation and it is then, for example, typically, but not necessarily - Is transported to the substrate with a carrier gas flow of inert gas, preferably with a gas flow rate above the speed of sound, preferably above 500 m / s.
- the way it works is explained, for example, in the overview article in the Handbook of Deposition Technologies for Films and Coatings (Third Edition), Science, Applications and Technology, 2010, pages 881-901, https://doi. org/ 10 . 1016/B978- 0- 8155-2031- 3 . 00018-1 (linked on the filing date).
- the present invention can also be implemented with such jet vapor deposition systems.
- the present invention can be used very generally for all coating devices of the type mentioned at the outset, i.e. for all coating devices in which the material intended for coating is brought into its gas phase within an evaporation section having a crucible and the material in the gas phase is then passed through is discharged through a nozzle section and out the exit of the nozzle section toward a surface of the article to be coated.
- the present invention is intended for the subgenus of such coating devices in which a carrier gas flow feed leads into the evaporation section for feeding a carrier gas flow of a carrier gas into the evaporation section and through it for entraining the coating material towards the substrate surface.
- a coating device of this type is known, for example, from WO 2016/042079 A1.
- two wires are continuously fed as coating material.
- the coating material arrives at a spray head, in which the two material wires are connected to an electrical DC voltage source as the cathode and as the anode.
- an electric arc forms between the two material wires, as a result of which the supplied starting material is vaporized and/or liquefied in the form of the two material wires.
- a gas stream is guided through the spray head, which carries the vaporized and/or liquefied coating material with it and transports it via an injector tube into a crucible.
- the coating material conveyed into the crucible then evaporates completely within the heated crucible and is led out of the crucible and directed towards the substrate to be coated.
- This coating device has a combination of elements that are also known from jet vapor deposition systems and elements that are known from systems that work on the principle of arc evaporation.
- the device is based on transporting the coating material with a flow of carrier gas.
- this coating device uses an evaporation section which is composed of a pre-evaporation section and a post-evaporation section designed as a crucible.
- the pre-evaporation section prepares the material in the spray head and the injector tube and prepares it for post-evaporation, ie bringing the solid or liquid components still present to the crucible, at least for the most part, into the gas phase.
- the systems of the type mentioned at the outset all have in common that, due to their conceptual implementation with a coating chamber for carrying out the object to be coated, they can be used in particular for large-scale implementations and develop their advantages.
- the resulting boundary conditions such as the corresponding size of the coating chamber as well as time and cost-dependent limits in the provision of a technical vacuum
- the invention is based on the object of improving the process reliability of the operation of a coating system of the type mentioned at the outset.
- the object is achieved with a coating installation having the features of claim 1 , with a method having the features of claim 10 and with a use having the features of claim 13 .
- the coating system serves to coat an object, preferably a strip.
- the object can be a metal strip, for example, preferably a steel strip.
- the coating process within the coating chamber preferably takes place in a technical vacuum, optionally with the addition of inert gas.
- the coating plant includes:
- an apparatus for the vapor deposition of material comprising an evaporation section for evaporating the material into the vapor phase, and
- a nozzle section coupled to the evaporation section, the nozzle section having a nozzle with a nozzle outlet opening into the coating chamber.
- the nozzle section serves to direct and discharge the gaseous phase material out of the nozzle exit to a surface of the article to be coated, for example strip, which is fed through the coating chamber past the nozzle exit. This ensures that the surface is continuously coated, in that material present in the gas phase and flowing out of the nozzle outlet condenses on the surface and thereby forms the coating.
- the evaporation section is the entirety of all equipment of the coating system, which Reconciliation of the intended for the coating
- Evaporation section on a feed for the starting material, through which the evaporation section is supplied with the starting material to evaporate it.
- gas phase and vaporization are used throughout the description because they are common in the field of technology described.
- the concept of the gas phase includes a small proportion by weight, for example up to 30% by weight. -%, preferably not more than 10 wt. -%, of the material present in the gas phase may not exist as a pure gas in the physical sense, but instead as vapor constituents such as, for example, as an aerosol and/or as a cluster.
- vaporization includes the fact that, depending on the material used and the technology used, the transition of the particles into the gas phase also takes place at least partially by means of other mechanisms, for example by sublimation.
- the concept of evaporation thus also includes evaporation in the strictly physical sense, ie a transition to liquid Gas phase, also other mechanisms, such as sublimation in particular.
- the coating chamber preferably has an entry passage and an exit passage as well as a coating channel, which is particularly preferably arranged inside the coating chamber and has an entry opening and an exit opening for introducing and removing the object.
- the coating chamber can be a strip coating system with transport and support rollers arranged outside the coating chamber, so that the strip is guided through the coating chamber.
- the nozzle section is designed to overheat the material. The overheating takes place in such a way that the material which, after evaporation in the evaporation section, reaches the nozzle section as material in the gas phase from there, overheats after flowing through the nozzle section, i.e. exits the nozzle section as superheated gas.
- the evaporation section serves to evaporate the material.
- the vaporization takes place in such a way that part of the material present in the gas phase is not in the gas phase in the physical sense, but is present as an aerosol and/or as a cluster; Strictly speaking, one would say in this case that at the end of the evaporation section there is a material vapor in the sense that liquid and solid components of the material are still present or at least the material vapor is always at or near the phase boundary to the liquid and/or solid state is .
- This is equivalent to the temperature of the material in the gas phase being equal to or not significantly different from the vaporization temperature.
- the overheating takes place in such a way that an overheated material is present after exiting the nozzle outlet of the nozzle of the nozzle section.
- overheated material present in the gas phase prevents or at least can largely prevent the premature formation of liquid or solid condensation in the form of droplets or dust.
- a degradation of the product quality and the associated costs due to the lack of cleaning/disposal measures can be avoided.
- the nozzle section for overheating the material is preferably designed in such a way that the material which, after evaporation in the evaporation section, reaches the nozzle section from there, after flowing through the nozzle section and until it reaches the surface of the object to be coated, for example strips, is overheated and condensation only takes place at this point.
- the overheating temperature is selected sufficiently high so that not only is overheated material present at the nozzle outlet, but also that overheated gas is present during the entire transport to the surface to be coated.
- the overheating temperature required for this is to be selected professionally, as it depends on a large number of parameters and circumstances, for example the distance to be covered and the flow conditions prevailing within the coating chamber.
- the overheating temperature must be increased sufficiently by the person skilled in the art entrusted with implementing the invention so that no more condensation takes place at any undesired point in the coating chamber. It is therefore essential that the material which, after evaporation in the evaporation section, comes out of the nozzle cut-out, exits superheated after flowing through the nozzle section; the overheating temperature to be selected itself must be chosen professionally.
- the nozzle section for overheating the material is designed in such a way that the material which, after evaporation in the evaporation section, reaches the nozzle section from there, has a temperature of 10 to 50% after flowing through the nozzle section, particularly preferably between 20 and 40% superheated, above its vaporization temperature on the Kelvin scale, exits the nozzle section.
- the invention therefore provides in particular, downstream of the evaporation section, i.e. within the nozzle section, the partially or completely evaporated material emerging from the evaporation section, which has the evaporation temperature approximately, for example +/- 5% of the evaporation temperature in Kelvin, above this value out is overheated, so that an overheated material present in the gas phase emerges from the nozzle section, more precisely, from the nozzle outlet of the nozzle of the nozzle section.
- the evaporation section consists of a crucible.
- the nozzle section consists of a nozzle with a nozzle outlet.
- the nozzle section preferably has a nozzle and a coupling member arranged between the evaporation section and the nozzle.
- the advantage of the presence of a coupling element is that different nozzles can be arranged on an existing evaporation section.
- the nozzle section has a nozzle and a coupling element arranged between the evaporation section and the nozzle, the nozzle optionally being arranged with the coupling element on the evaporation section such that it can rotate.
- the coating becomes more flexible.
- a superheater is arranged in the coupling member or is formed by the coupling member; in this case, the superheater is referred to as a coupling member superheater in the context of this application.
- a superheater is arranged in the nozzle or is formed by the nozzle; in this case, the superheater is referred to as a nozzle superheater in the context of this application.
- a heat exchanger is arranged within the coupling member.
- the heat exchanger can be designed, for example, as a tube bundle heat exchanger, as a perforated plate heat exchanger, as a material block having a cavity, preferably made of tile or sintered material, it also being possible for several of the aforementioned to be arranged sequentially within the coupling member.
- the perforated plate heat exchanger is preferred with staggered openings provided.
- the heat exchanger is heated, for example by combustion, or by chemical processes, or by induction, or electrically resistively, and is thereby used to superheat the gas. It goes without saying that the temperature must be correspondingly high. In other words, it can be provided that the overheating takes place partially or completely within the coupling element. This has the advantage that the nozzle itself remains interchangeable and as such remains an object that is particularly easy to design structurally.
- a resistive heat exchanger and/or an inductive heat exchanger is arranged within the coupling element.
- the resistive heat exchanger can be, for example, an electrical current heated resistance heat source.
- the inductive heat exchanger can be designed, for example, as an electrically conductive object, preferably made of graphite, which can be heated with an induction coil, for example located outside the coupling element.
- the induction coil is part of the coating system.
- the coupling member itself can be partially or completely made of an electrically conductive material, into which an induction field generated by the induction coil can be coupled, resulting in heating of the coupling member.
- the coupling member has an inner shell that consists partly or entirely of graphite.
- the overheating takes place in the coupling member
- the superheating takes place partially or completely within the nozzle, that is to say that a nozzle superheater is present.
- a resistively heatable heat exchanger can be arranged inside the nozzle, which can be designed in the same way as described above in connection with the coupling member.
- a resistive heat exchanger, an inductive heat exchanger and/or the nozzle itself being made of metallic material, preferably graphite, and capable of being coupled with an induction coil as in the manner described above can also be provided.
- the evaporation section includes a pre-evaporation section with in particular a spray head and an injector tube from the spray head to the crucible designed as a post-evaporation section.
- the starting material is fed to the extrusion head, preferably in the form of wire or strip.
- the starting material is processed in the spray head, which means that components of the starting material are vaporized and/or separated from the starting material as particles present in the liquid phase, preferably by means of arc evaporation between the starting material connected as a cathode and the starting material connected as an anode.
- the processed starting material is not completely in the gas phase, but consists of a mixture, in particular of gas phase and liquid or partially liquid particles, which is suitable for being guided through the crucible in order to be post-evaporated there, i.e.: by heating taking place there completely or to go largely completely into the gas phase.
- the pre-evaporation section comprises in particular a spray head for preparing the coating material present as the starting material and an injector tube.
- the injector tube is coupled to the crucible and designed to direct the coating material prepared in the spray head to the crucible.
- the prepared coating material enters the crucible. Constituents of the coating material that are not yet in the gas phase vaporize within the crucible, which for this purpose is heated to a temperature that is above the vaporization temperature of the starting material.
- the crucible is heated to vaporize the processed feedstock.
- the temperature to which the crucible is heated depends on the coating material. As long as liquid evaporating material is still present, a temperature close to the vaporization temperature of the liquid material that is still to be vaporized occurs on contact with the crucible on the surface of the crucible. Therefore, when implementing the invention or its developments, it must be taken into account that the starting temperature, i.e. the temperature at the point of energy supply, for example by induction current inside or radiation on the outer wall of the crucible, must be set to a value that is greater than the evaporation temperature of the starting material .
- the crucible is preferably designed as a cyclone, since a cyclone shape is a space-saving design that allows the gas flow to be guided efficiently through the crucible.
- Another advantage of a crucible designed in the form of a cyclone is its high reliability in the almost complete evaporation of the material flowing through, which ensures a high quality of the deposited coating, since a bombardment of the strip with coating material that is still in the liquid phase can be almost completely ruled out if used properly.
- every cyclone has a so-called lower selectivity, i.e. a minimum diameter of retained droplets, so that in operational reality some - albeit small - liquid particles always leave the crucible.
- the inventive The procedure starts precisely with this problem, in that these liquid particles are also largely or completely evaporated by suitable overheating in the manner described.
- a carrier gas flow feed pointing into the evaporation section is arranged on the evaporation section for feeding a carrier gas flow of a carrier gas into the evaporation section and through it for entraining the coating material.
- the pre-evaporation section has a spray head, with the carrier gas flow supply being arranged in the spray head, so that the carrier gas is passed through the spray head and processed starting material there, for example in the form of particles or clusters, with tears and directs it through the injector tube into the crucible.
- the spray head can be designed as a wire syringe, which describes a spray head into which the starting material is introduced in the form of a wire or strip in order to then prepare it within the spray head by means of arc melting and/or arc vaporization, i.e. to prepare it for further vaporization.
- a further idea of the invention which can be carried out in connection with the coating systems explained so far as well as on its own, is aimed at a method for coating the object, preferably by operating a coating system of the type mentioned at the outset or its development.
- the following steps are provided: a) Introduction of a coating material into a
- the vaporized coating material may still contain liquid and/or solid components, for example up to 10% by weight. -%, optionally also up to 30 wt. -%, and in particular the material vapor with a temperature approximately corresponding to the evaporation temperature (for example, at most 20% deviation, preferably between 2 and 15% deviation, particularly preferably between 5 and 10% deviation, from the evaporation temperature on the Kelvin scale); c ) conducting the vaporized coating material into a nozzle section coupled to the vaporization section with a nozzle ; d) Overheating of the vaporized coating material by means of the nozzle section, for example with a target temperature that is preferably between 10 and 50%, particularly preferably between 20 and 40%, above the vaporization temperature on the Kelvin scale, with the values mentioned being in tests carried out as have shown a good compromise between sufficient superheat capacity and technical feasibility; e) Conducting the overheated vaporized coating material out of a nozzle outlet of
- the person responsible for implementing the invention must empirically determine whether condensation of the superheated vaporized material in a given system in their operation with all tolerated operating parameters, for example within the tolerated pressure and temperature corridors, avoided or largely avoided. It must therefore be determined which temperature and which pressure conditions can be expected in the coating chamber; the design basis for the locally minimum tolerated temperatures and/or the highest tolerated pressures result from the phase diagram of the material to be evaporated.
- an empirical approach can be taken by examining the temperatures considered possible during operation of the plant (at experimentally meaningful intervals), above which critical overheating temperature at the nozzle outlet or, speaking in the direction of steam movement, behind the nozzle outlet, an observation of undesirable condensation does not occur takes place more or no longer above a level considered acceptable by a person skilled in the art in the specific case;
- This critical overheating temperature optionally plus a safety margin (of, for example, a flat rate of 50 K), can then be used to set the overheating in step d) above.
- the invention is also aimed at using a coating system to coat a strip, preferably a metal strip, particularly preferably a steel strip.
- Fig. la exemplary embodiment of a coating system
- figs . 1b and 1c exemplary designs of the nozzle section of the coating system in FIG. la .
- Fig. 1a shows an exemplary embodiment of a coating system 1 for coating an object 2 , which is designed here as a strip 2 .
- the coating system 1 designed as a strip coating system has a coating chamber 4 in which a technical vacuum prevails and through which the strip 2 is guided in the direction of the arrow 5 by means of the transport rollers 3a and 3b.
- the coating system has a device for gas phase deposition of material 6 . This consists of an evaporation section 7 for evaporating the material into the gas phase and a nozzle section 8 , 9 , which is composed of a nozzle 8 and a coupling member 9 serving as an adapter.
- Material evaporated in the evaporation section 7 embodied as a crucible, for example, is guided through the nozzle section 8 , 9 into the coating chamber 4 , where it reaches the strip 2 and thereby forms the coating.
- the nozzle section 8 , 9 is designed to superheat the material evaporated in the evaporation section 7 .
- FIG. 1 b shows an embodiment according to which a coupling element superheater 9 ′ is arranged within the coupling element 9 .
- Fig. 1c shows an embodiment according to which a nozzle superheater 8' is arranged inside the nozzle 8.
- FIG. Tests were carried out with a
- Coating systems have a device for gas-phase deposition of material, as was mentioned, for example, at the beginning and is known from WO 2016/042079.
- the device for the vapor phase deposition of material has an evaporation section with a pre-evaporation section and a post-evaporation section designed as a crucible, the crucible being designed as a cyclone.
- the pre-evaporation section has an injection head for preparing the coating material present as the starting material and an injector tube, the injector pipe being designed to conduct the coating material prepared in the injection head to the post-evaporation section and being coupled to the post-evaporation section.
- Zinc was chosen as the starting material.
- the pre-evaporation was carried out in such a way that the zinc inside the injector tube never fell below its melting point of 419.53 degrees Celsius; to ensure this, a temperature of 600 degrees Celsius was maintained inside the injector tube.
- Pre-tempered nitrogen was used as the spray gas.
- the crucible and the nozzle are connected with a coupling member designed as a tube. To overheat, its walls must be above the temperature determined above. In this case, 1200 degrees Celsius was empirically used for the local pressure conditions present both in the crucible and in the nozzle determined to be sufficient, which corresponds to between 20 and 30 percent above the vaporization temperature of Zn on the Kelvin scale.
- the connected nozzle is also heated to 1200 degrees Celsius in the connection to the coupling member. Zn then emerges superheated from the nozzle outlet of the nozzle and it was observed that premature condensation of Zn before it hits the object to be coated could be effectively avoided.
- a technical vacuum with a gas pressure of approximately 50 mbar N 2 was present inside the coating chamber after the spray gas had been switched on.
- the tube and the nozzle used consisted of graphite and were inductively heated from the outside.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN202280053328.2A CN117769608A (zh) | 2021-08-02 | 2022-06-09 | 用于对物体镀膜的镀膜设备、对物体镀膜的方法及用途 |
KR1020237042804A KR20240005955A (ko) | 2021-08-02 | 2022-06-09 | 물체를 코팅하기 위한 코팅 설비, 물체를 코팅하기 위한 방법 및 용도 |
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DE102021120004.0A DE102021120004A1 (de) | 2021-08-02 | 2021-08-02 | Beschichtungsanlage zur Beschichtung eines Gegenstands, Verfahren zum Beschichten eines Gegenstands sowie Verwendung |
DE102021120004.0 | 2021-08-02 |
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WO2023011782A1 true WO2023011782A1 (de) | 2023-02-09 |
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PCT/EP2022/065710 WO2023011782A1 (de) | 2021-08-02 | 2022-06-09 | Beschichtungsanlage zur beschichtung eines gegenstands, verfahren zum beschichten eines gegenstands sowie verwendung |
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KR (1) | KR20240005955A (de) |
CN (1) | CN117769608A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102021120004A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2023011782A1 (de) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3447951A (en) * | 1965-10-20 | 1969-06-03 | Pennsalt Chemicals Corp | Cyclone separation of particles in vapor coating |
WO2016042079A1 (de) | 2014-09-18 | 2016-03-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Vorrichtung zur ausbildung von beschichtungen auf oberflächen eines bauteils, bandförmigen materials oder werkzeugs |
WO2019239314A1 (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | Arcelormittal | Vacuum deposition facility and method for coating a substrate |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10007059A1 (de) | 2000-02-16 | 2001-08-23 | Aixtron Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von beschichteten Substraten mittels Kondensationsbeschichtung |
US20070178225A1 (en) | 2005-12-14 | 2007-08-02 | Keiji Takanosu | Vapor deposition crucible, thin-film forming apparatus comprising the same, and method of producing display device |
WO2020082282A1 (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2020-04-30 | China Triumph International Engineering Co., Ltd. | Vapor deposition apparatus and use thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-08-02 DE DE102021120004.0A patent/DE102021120004A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-06-09 WO PCT/EP2022/065710 patent/WO2023011782A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-06-09 CN CN202280053328.2A patent/CN117769608A/zh active Pending
- 2022-06-09 KR KR1020237042804A patent/KR20240005955A/ko unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3447951A (en) * | 1965-10-20 | 1969-06-03 | Pennsalt Chemicals Corp | Cyclone separation of particles in vapor coating |
WO2016042079A1 (de) | 2014-09-18 | 2016-03-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Vorrichtung zur ausbildung von beschichtungen auf oberflächen eines bauteils, bandförmigen materials oder werkzeugs |
WO2019239314A1 (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | Arcelormittal | Vacuum deposition facility and method for coating a substrate |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
"Handbook of Deposition Technologies for Films and Coatings", 2010, article "Science, Applications and Technology", pages: 881 - 901 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20240005955A (ko) | 2024-01-12 |
CN117769608A (zh) | 2024-03-26 |
DE102021120004A1 (de) | 2023-02-02 |
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